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🎉 init: Add Dataset ; Improve README.md (#1)

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- 🎉 init: Add Dataset ; Improve README.md (779e57d7c384b19201bfcb141455c6e2973e86a2)


Co-authored-by: Ling Heartbell <[email protected]>

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  1. Assistant/Analytical_Diagnostic_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json +197 -0
  2. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json +1016 -0
  3. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json +522 -0
  4. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Mock.json +938 -0
  5. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Past_Paper.json +1068 -0
  6. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Mock.json +1042 -0
  7. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Past_Paper.json +1198 -0
  8. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Mock.json +1042 -0
  9. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Past_Paper.json +1224 -0
  10. Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json +808 -0
  11. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json +0 -0
  12. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  13. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_2/Mock.json +0 -0
  14. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_2/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  15. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_3/Mock.json +0 -0
  16. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_3/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  17. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_4/Mock.json +0 -0
  18. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_4/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  19. Assistant/Theory_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  20. Licensed/.DS_Store +0 -0
  21. Licensed/Analytical_Diagnostic_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json +1367 -0
  22. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/.DS_Store +0 -0
  23. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json +1562 -0
  24. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json +1822 -0
  25. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Mock.json +1562 -0
  26. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Past_Paper.json +2472 -0
  27. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Mock.json +1562 -0
  28. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Past_Paper.json +1562 -0
  29. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Mock.json +1562 -0
  30. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Past_Paper.json +2264 -0
  31. Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json +392 -0
  32. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json +0 -0
  33. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  34. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_2/Mock.json +0 -0
  35. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_2/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  36. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_3/Mock.json +0 -0
  37. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_3/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  38. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_4/Mock.json +0 -0
  39. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_4/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  40. Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json +0 -0
  41. README.md +155 -1
Assistant/Analytical_Diagnostic_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "患者,男,38岁。呃声低长无力,气不得续,泛吐清水,脘腹不舒,喜温喜按,面色胱白,手足不温,食少乏力,大便溏薄,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。该患者辨证为",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "胃阴不足证",
7
+ "B": "气机郁滞证",
8
+ "C": "胃中寒冷证",
9
+ "D": "脾胃阳虚证",
10
+ "E": "胃火上逆证"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "D",
13
+ "reason": "根据症状辨证为呃逆,脾胃阳虚证。治法为温补脾胃,降逆止呃。首选方剂为理中丸加减。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "患者,男,38岁。呃声低长无力,气不得续,泛吐清水,脘腹不舒,喜温喜按,面色胱白,手足不温,食少乏力,大便溏薄,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。其治法是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "顺气解郁,和胃降逆",
20
+ "B": "养胃生津,降逆止呃",
21
+ "C": "温中散寒,降逆止呃",
22
+ "D": "清胃泄热,降逆止呃",
23
+ "E": "温补脾胃,降逆止呃"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "E",
26
+ "reason": "根据症状辨证为呃逆,脾胃阳虚证。治法为温补脾胃,降逆止呃。首选方剂为理中丸加减。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "患者,男,38岁。呃声低长无力,气不得续,泛吐清水,脘腹不舒,喜温喜按,面色胱白,手足不温,食少乏力,大便溏薄,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱,治疗应首选的方剂是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "益胃汤",
33
+ "B": "理中丸",
34
+ "C": "五磨饮子",
35
+ "D": "竹叶石膏汤",
36
+ "E": "丁香散"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "B",
39
+ "reason": "根据症状辨证为呃逆,脾胃阳虚证。治法为温补脾胃,降逆止呃。首选方剂为理中丸加减。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "患者,女,43岁。全身皮肤黄染2月。现症:面目及肌肤淡黄,甚则晦暗不泽,肢软乏力,心悸气短,大便溏薄,舌质炎苔薄,脉濡细。该患者辨证为",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "气滞血郁证",
46
+ "B": "脾虚湿滞证",
47
+ "C": "寒湿阻遏证",
48
+ "D": "湿热阻遏证",
49
+ "E": "肝脾不调证"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "B",
52
+ "reason": "面目及肌肤淡黄,甚则晦暗不泽,肢软乏力,心悸气短,大便溏薄,舌质淡苔薄,脉濡细,辨证为黄疸,阴黄脾虚湿滞证。治法为健脾养血,利湿退黄。首选方剂为黄芪建中汤。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "患者,女,43岁。全身皮肤黄染2月。现症:面目及肌肤淡黄,甚则晦暗不泽,肢软乏力,心悸气短,大便溏薄,舌质炎苔薄,脉濡细。其治法是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "清热利湿、利胆退黄",
59
+ "B": "行气活血,利湿退黄",
60
+ "C": "调和肝脾、理气助运",
61
+ "D": "温中化湿、健脾和胃",
62
+ "E": "健脾养血、利湿退黄"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "E",
65
+ "reason": "面目及肌肤淡黄,甚则晦暗不泽,肢软乏力,心悸气短,大便溏薄,舌质淡苔薄,脉濡细,辨证为黄疸,阴黄脾虚湿滞证。治法为健脾养血,利湿退黄。首选方剂为黄芪建中汤。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "患者,女,43岁。全身皮肤黄染2月。现症:面目及肌肤淡黄,甚则晦暗不泽,肢软乏力,心悸气短,大便溏薄,舌质炎苔薄,脉濡细,治疗应首选的方剂是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "茵陈五苓散",
72
+ "B": "黄芪建中汤",
73
+ "C": "附子理中汤",
74
+ "D": "归芍六君子汤",
75
+ "E": "茵陈术附汤"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "B",
78
+ "reason": "面目及肌肤淡黄,甚则晦暗不泽,肢软乏力,心悸气短,大便溏薄,舌质淡苔薄,脉濡细,辨证为黄疸,阴黄脾虚湿滞证。治法为健脾养血,利湿退黄。首选方剂为黄芪建中汤。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "患者,女,32岁,已婚。妊娠10周。阴道少量出血,色淡质稀,腰酸,小腹空坠疼痛,神疲肢倦,面色少华,心悸气短,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉滑无力。诊断该患者的证型是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "肾虚证",
85
+ "B": "湿热证",
86
+ "C": "气血虚弱证",
87
+ "D": "跌仆伤胎证",
88
+ "E": "虚热证"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "胎漏、胎动不安气血虚弱证:妊娠期阴道少量出血,色淡红,质稀薄,或小腹空坠而痛,腰酸,面色㿠白,心悸气短,神疲肢倦,舌淡,苔薄白,脉细弱略滑。治法:补气养血,固肾安胎。方选:胎元饮。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "患者,女,32岁,已婚。妊娠10周。阴道少量出血,色淡质稀,腰酸,小腹空坠疼痛,神疲肢倦,面色少华,心悸气短,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉滑无力。其治法是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "清热凉血,固冲止血",
98
+ "B": "固肾安胎",
99
+ "C": "补气养血,固肾安胎",
100
+ "D": "滋阴清热,养血安胎",
101
+ "E": "活血化瘀,补肾安胎"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "C",
104
+ "reason": "胎漏、胎动不安气血虚弱证:妊娠期阴道少量出血,色淡红,质稀薄,或小腹空坠而痛,腰酸,面色㿠白,心悸气短,神疲肢倦,舌淡,苔薄白,脉细弱略滑。治法:补气养血,固肾安胎。方选:胎元饮。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "患者,女,32岁,已婚。妊娠10周。阴道少量出血,色淡质稀,腰酸,小腹空坠疼痛,神疲肢倦,面色少华,心悸气短,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉滑无力。治疗应首选的方剂是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "寿胎丸",
111
+ "B": "阿胶汤",
112
+ "C": "保阴煎",
113
+ "D": "胎元饮",
114
+ "E": "桂枝茯苓丸"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "D",
117
+ "reason": "胎漏、胎动不安气血虚弱证:妊娠期阴道少量出血,色淡红,质稀薄,或小腹空坠而痛,腰酸,面色㿠白,心悸气短,神疲肢倦,舌淡,苔薄白,脉细弱略滑。治法:补气养血,固肾安胎。方选:胎元饮。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "患者,女,54岁。心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚,伴倦怠乏力,声息低微,面白自,舌质淡红,舌体胖,边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓。该患者辨证为",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "寒凝心脉证",
124
+ "B": "气阴两虚证",
125
+ "C": "痰浊闭阻证",
126
+ "D": "心肾阴虚证",
127
+ "E": "气滞心胸证"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "B",
130
+ "reason": "心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚;伴倦怠乏力,声息低微,面白自汗,舌质淡红,舌体胖,边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓,可辨证为胸痹气阴两虚证。治法为益气养阴,活血通脉。首选方剂为生脉散合人参养荣汤。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "患者,女,54岁。心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚,伴倦怠乏力,声息低微,面白自,舌质淡红,舌体胖,边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓。其治法是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "温补阳气,振奋心阳",
137
+ "B": "滋阴清火,养心和络",
138
+ "C": "通阳泄浊,豁痰宣痹",
139
+ "D": "益气养阴,活血通脉",
140
+ "E": "辛温散寒,宣通心阳"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "D",
143
+ "reason": "心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚;伴倦怠乏力,声息低微,面白自汗,舌质淡红,舌体胖,边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓,可辨证为胸痹气阴两虚证。治法为益气养阴,活血通脉。首选方剂为生脉散合人参养荣汤。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "患者,女,54岁。心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚,伴倦怠乏力,声息低微,面白自,舌质淡红,舌体胖,边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓。治疗首选方剂是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "柴胡疏肝散",
150
+ "B": "枳实薤白桂枝汤合当归四逆汤",
151
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
152
+ "D": "瓜萎薤白半夏汤合涤痰汤",
153
+ "E": "生脉散合人参养荣汤"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "E",
156
+ "reason": "心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚;伴倦怠乏力,声息低微,面白自汗,舌质淡红,舌体胖,边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓,可辨证为胸痹气阴两虚证。治法为益气养阴,活血通脉。首选方剂为生脉散合人参养荣汤。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "患者,男,43岁。小腿累累青筋,盘屈如蚯蚓.久则痛体增大,下坠不适感加重,气短乏力肮腹坠胀,腰酸,舌淡苔薄白,脉细缓无力。该患者辨证为",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "筋瘤脾肾亏虚证",
163
+ "B": "筋瘤劳倦伤气证",
164
+ "C": "筋瘤气血亏虚证",
165
+ "D": "筋外伤瘀滞证",
166
+ "E": "筋瘤寒湿凝筋证"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "B",
169
+ "reason": "患者小腿累累青筋;盘屈如蚯蚓,诊断为筋瘤,久站则瘤体增大,下坠不适感加重,气短乏力,脘腹坠胀,腰酸,舌淡苔薄白,脉细缓无力,为劳倦伤气证。治法当补中益气,活血舒筋。首选补中益气汤加减。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "患者,男,43岁。小腿累累青筋,盘屈如蚯蚓.久则痛体增大,下坠不适感加重,气短乏力肮腹坠胀,腰酸,舌淡苔薄白,脉细缓无力。其治法是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "暖肝散寒,益气通脉",
176
+ "B": "活血化瘀,和营消肿",
177
+ "C": "补中益气,活血舒筋",
178
+ "D": "清热利湿,解毒通络",
179
+ "E": "疏肝解郁,活血解毒"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "C",
182
+ "reason": "患者小腿累累青筋;盘屈如蚯蚓,诊断为筋瘤,久站则瘤体增大,下坠不适感加重,气短乏力,脘腹坠胀,腰酸,舌淡苔薄白,脉细缓无力,为劳倦伤气证。治法当补中��气,活血舒筋。首选补中益气汤加减。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "患者,男,43岁。小腿累累青筋,盘屈如蚯蚓.久则痛体增大,下坠不适感加重,气短乏力肮腹坠胀,腰酸,舌淡苔薄白,脉细缓无力。治疗首选方剂是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "补中益气汤",
189
+ "B": "暖肝煎",
190
+ "C": "活血散瘀汤",
191
+ "D": "通脉汤",
192
+ "E": "活血通脉汤"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "A",
195
+ "reason": "患者小腿累累青筋;盘屈如蚯蚓,诊断为筋瘤,久站则瘤体增大,下坠不适感加重,气短乏力,脘腹坠胀,腰酸,舌淡苔薄白,脉细缓无力,为劳倦伤气证。治法当补中益气,活血舒筋。首选补中益气汤加减。"
196
+ }
197
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "气瘿肝郁气滞证首选",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "开郁散",
7
+ "B": "参苓白术散",
8
+ "C": "四海舒郁丸",
9
+ "D": "生脉散",
10
+ "E": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "C",
13
+ "reason": "气瘿肝郁气滞证治宜疏肝解郁,化痰软坚,方选四海舒郁九加减肉瘿气滞痰凝证治宜理气解郁,化痰软坚,方选逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤加减。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "肉瘿气滞痰凝证首选",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "开郁散",
20
+ "B": "参苓白术散",
21
+ "C": "四海舒郁丸",
22
+ "D": "生脉散",
23
+ "E": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "E",
26
+ "reason": "气瘿肝郁气滞证治宜疏肝解郁,化痰软坚,方选四海舒郁九加减肉瘿气滞痰凝证治宜理气解郁,化痰软坚,方选逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤加减。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "皮肤上有一红色结块,直径约3cm,无脓头,表面灼热,触之疼痛。此为",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "有头疖",
33
+ "B": "无头疖",
34
+ "C": "疖病",
35
+ "D": "蛇肚疔",
36
+ "E": "蛇头疔"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "B",
39
+ "reason": "无头疖:皮肤上有一红色结块,直径约3cm,无头,表面灼热,触之疼痛,2~3天化脓,溃后迅速愈合。蛇肚疗,发于指腹部,患指红肿疼痛,呈圆柱形,形似小红萝卜,关节轻度屈曲,不能伸展,强行扳直剧痛。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "患指红肿疼痛,呈圆柱形,形似小红萝卜,关节轻度屈曲,不能伸展,强行扳直剧痛。此为",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "有头疖",
46
+ "B": "无头疖",
47
+ "C": "疖病",
48
+ "D": "蛇肚疔",
49
+ "E": "蛇头疔"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "D",
52
+ "reason": "无头疖:皮肤上有一红色结块,直径约3cm,无头,表面灼热,触之疼痛,2~3天化脓,溃后迅速愈合。蛇肚疗,发于指腹部,患指红肿疼痛,呈圆柱形,形似小红萝卜,关节轻度屈曲,不能伸展,强行扳直剧痛。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "癥瘕湿热瘀阻证,治疗首选",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "香棱丸",
59
+ "B": "大黄蟅虫丸",
60
+ "C": "大黄牡丹汤",
61
+ "D": "苍附导痰丸",
62
+ "E": "益肾调经汤"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "C",
65
+ "reason": "癞疲湿热瘀阻证治宜清热利湿,化瘀消疲,方选大黄牡丹汤;微痕痰湿瘀结证治宜化痰除湿,活血消瘢,方选苍附导痰丸合桂枝茯苓丸。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "癥瘕痰湿瘀结证,治疗首选",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "香棱丸",
72
+ "B": "大黄蟅虫丸",
73
+ "C": "大黄牡丹汤",
74
+ "D": "苍附导痰丸",
75
+ "E": "益肾调经汤"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "癞疲湿热瘀阻证治宜清热利湿,化瘀消疲,方选大黄牡丹汤;微痕痰湿瘀结证治宜化痰除湿,活血消瘢,方选苍附导痰丸合桂枝茯苓丸。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "胃有宿食,可闻到",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "口气臭秽",
85
+ "B": "口气酸臭",
86
+ "C": "口气酒臭",
87
+ "D": "口气腐臭",
88
+ "E": "口中散发烂苹果气味"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "A项属胃热;B项可见于胃有宿食;C项可见于饮酒过多者,如为陈啤酒味,可见于淋巴结结核患者;D项见于内有溃腐疮疡;E项可见于消渴重证"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "消渴重证,可闻到",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "口气臭秽",
98
+ "B": "口气酸臭",
99
+ "C": "口气酒臭",
100
+ "D": "口气腐臭",
101
+ "E": "口中散发烂苹果气味"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "E",
104
+ "reason": "A项属胃热;B项可见于胃有宿食;C项可见于饮酒过多者,如为陈啤酒味,可见于淋巴结结核患者;D项见于内有溃腐疮疡;E项可见于消渴重证"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "血瘀证可见的症状是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "刺痛拒按,固定不移,舌暗,脉涩",
111
+ "B": "气短疲乏,脘腹坠胀,舌淡,脉弱",
112
+ "C": "胸胁胀闷窜痛,时轻时重,脉弦",
113
+ "D": "面色淡白,口唇爪甲色淡,舌淡,脉细",
114
+ "E": "少气懒言,疲乏无力,自汗,舌淡,脉虚"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "A",
117
+ "reason": "血瘀证可见疼痛状如针刺刀割,痛处不移而固定,在腹内者,可触及较坚硬而推之不移的肿块(称为微积),出血反复不止,色紫暗或夹有血块,或大便色黑如柏油状,可见面色黎黑,或唇甲青紫,或皮下紫斑,或肌肤甲错,或腹部青筋显露,或皮肤出现丝状红缕(皮肤显露红色脉络),或下肢筋青胀痛,妇女可见经闭。气陷证主要表现为头晕目花,少气倦怠,久痢久泄,腹部有坠胀感,脱肛或子宫脱垂等;舌淡苔白,脉弱。以���虚证伴有内脏下垂为辨证要点。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "气陷证可见的症状是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "刺痛拒按,固定不移,舌暗,脉涩",
124
+ "B": "气短疲乏,脘腹坠胀,舌淡,脉弱",
125
+ "C": "胸胁胀闷窜痛,时轻时重,脉弦",
126
+ "D": "面色淡白,口唇爪甲色淡,舌淡,脉细",
127
+ "E": "少气懒言,疲乏无力,自汗,舌淡,脉虚"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "B",
130
+ "reason": "血瘀证可见疼痛状如针刺刀割,痛处不移而固定,在腹内者,可触及较坚硬而推之不移的肿块(称为微积),出血反复不止,色紫暗或夹有血块,或大便色黑如柏油状,可见面色黎黑,或唇甲青紫,或皮下紫斑,或肌肤甲错,或腹部青筋显露,或皮肤出现丝状红缕(皮肤显露红色脉络),或下肢筋青胀痛,妇女可见经闭。气陷证主要表现为头晕目花,少气倦怠,久痢久泄,腹部有坠胀感,脱肛或子宫脱垂等;舌淡苔白,脉弱。以气虚证伴有内脏下垂为辨证要点。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "胃脘胀痛,痛连两胁,遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚,嗳气、矢气则痛舒,胸闷嗳气,喜长叹息,大便不畅,舌苔多薄白,脉弦。证属",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "寒邪客胃证",
137
+ "B": "饮食伤胃证",
138
+ "C": "肝气犯胃证",
139
+ "D": "湿热中阻证",
140
+ "E": "瘀血停胃证"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "C",
143
+ "reason": "肝气横逆犯胃,胃气上逆,胃脘胀痛,痛连两胁,遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚;胃失和降,气机上逆,故嗳气;肝失疏泄,气机不畅,则胸闷,喜长叹息;大便不畅,舌苔多薄白,脉弦,为肝郁气滞所致。A项寒邪犯胃,凝滞气机,胃失和降,故胃痛暴作;寒为阴邪,得阳则散,遇寒更凝滞不行,故恶寒喜暖得温痛减,遇寒加重,或喜热饮;寒邪内盛,阴不耗津,故口淡不渴;舌淡苔薄白,脉弦紧为寒邪内患、凝滞气机之象。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "胃痛暴作,恶寒喜暖,得温痛减,遇寒加重,口淡不渴,或喜热饮,舌淡苔薄白,脉弦紧。证属",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "寒邪客胃证",
150
+ "B": "饮食伤胃证",
151
+ "C": "肝气犯胃证",
152
+ "D": "湿热中阻证",
153
+ "E": "瘀血停胃证"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "A",
156
+ "reason": "肝气横逆犯胃,胃气上逆,胃脘胀痛,痛连两胁,遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚;胃失和降,气机上逆,故嗳气;肝失疏泄,气机不畅,则胸闷,喜长叹息;大便不畅,舌苔多薄白,脉弦,为肝郁气滞所致。A项寒邪犯胃,凝滞气机,胃失和降,故胃痛暴作;寒为阴邪,得阳则散,遇寒更凝滞不行,故恶寒喜暖得温痛减,遇寒加重,或喜热饮;寒邪内盛,阴不耗津,故口淡不渴;舌淡苔薄白,脉弦紧为寒邪内患、凝滞气机之象。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "肺气上逆的特点是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "恶心呕吐",
163
+ "B": "眩晕晕厥",
164
+ "C": "咳嗽气喘",
165
+ "D": "腹胀便秘",
166
+ "E": "脘部绞痛"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "咳嗽,气喘,咳痰为肺气上逆;恶心,呕吐,嗳气,呃逆,为胃气上逆;头目胀痛,眩晕耳鸣,面红目赤,为肝气上逆;奔豚气,妇女倒经,妊娠恶阻或胸闷气急为冲任上逆。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "胃气上逆的特点是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "恶心呕吐",
176
+ "B": "眩晕晕厥",
177
+ "C": "咳嗽气喘",
178
+ "D": "腹胀便秘",
179
+ "E": "脘部绞痛"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "A",
182
+ "reason": "咳嗽,气喘,咳痰为肺气上逆;恶心,呕吐,嗳气,呃逆,为胃气上逆;头目胀痛,眩晕耳鸣,面红目赤,为肝气上逆;奔豚气,妇女倒经,妊娠恶阻或胸闷气急为冲任上逆。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "既治亡阳证,又治阳虚外感风寒的药物是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "附子",
189
+ "B": "干姜",
190
+ "C": "肉桂",
191
+ "D": "吴茱萸",
192
+ "E": "小茴香"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "A",
195
+ "reason": "附子可回阳救逆:补火助阳,散寒止痛,可治疗亡阳证,又因其辛甘温煦,有峻补元阳、益火消阴之效,凡肾、脾心诸脏阳气衰弱者均可应用。干姜可温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮。肉桂可补火助阳,散寒止痛,温经通脉,引火归原。吴茱英可散寒止痛,降逆止呕,助阳止泻,主入肝经,既散肝经之寒邪,又疏肝气之郁滞、故可治厥阴头病又因其性味辛热,能温脾益肾,助阳止泻,为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。小香可般寒止痛,理气和胃。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "既治厥阴头痛,又治脾肾阳虚之五更泄的药物是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "附子",
202
+ "B": "干姜",
203
+ "C": "肉桂",
204
+ "D": "吴茱萸",
205
+ "E": "小茴香"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "D",
208
+ "reason": "附子可回阳救逆:补火助阳,散寒止痛,可治疗亡阳证,又因其辛甘温煦,有峻补元阳、益火消阴之效,凡肾、脾心诸脏阳气衰弱者均可应用。干姜可温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮。肉桂可补火助阳,散寒止痛,温经通脉,引火归原。吴茱英可散寒止痛,降逆止呕,助阳止泻,主入肝经,既散肝经之寒邪,又疏肝气之郁滞、故可治厥阴头病又因其性味辛热,能温脾益肾,助阳止泻,为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。小香可般寒止痛,理气和胃。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "既能凉血止血,又能活血祛瘀的药物是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "三七",
215
+ "B": "蒲黄",
216
+ "C": "茜草",
217
+ "D": "白及",
218
+ "E": "白茅根"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": "茜草既能凉血止血,又能活血行血,可用于血热妄行或血瘀脉络之出血证。蒲黄止血,化瘀,利尿,长于收级止血,兼有活血行瘀之功,又能利尿通涨,可用于血淋、尿血。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "既能化瘀止血,又能利尿通淋的药物是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "三七",
228
+ "B": "蒲黄",
229
+ "C": "茜草",
230
+ "D": "白及",
231
+ "E": "白茅根"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "B",
234
+ "reason": "茜草既能凉血止血,又能活血行血,可用于血热妄行或血瘀脉络之出血证。蒲黄止血,化瘀,利尿,长于收级止血,兼有活血行瘀之功,又能利尿通涨,可用于血淋、尿血。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "\"益火之源,以消阴翳\"适用的病证是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "阳偏胜",
241
+ "B": "阳偏衰",
242
+ "C": "阴偏胜",
243
+ "D": "阴偏衰",
244
+ "E": "阴阳两虚"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": "对于阳偏衰,要用补阳的方法,又称补阳以抑阴,王冰称为“益火之源,以消阴翳”《内经》称为“阴病治阳”。对于阴偏衰,要用补阴的方法,又称滋阴以抑阳,王冰称为“壮水之主,以制阳光”《内经》称为“阳病治阴”"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "患者水肿日久,腰以下肿甚,按之凹陷不起,畏寒肢冷,尿少,舌淡苔白滑,脉沉弱,其证候是()",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "风水泛滥",
254
+ "B": "湿毒浸淫",
255
+ "C": "水湿浸渍",
256
+ "D": "湿热壅盛",
257
+ "E": "脾阳虚衰"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "E",
260
+ "reason": "患者畏寒肢冷,提示有阳虚的症状,选项中只有E项符合答案。浮肿延及全身,伴有恶寒发热,此症状大多提示有风邪夹杂。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "\"壮水之主,以制阳光\"适用的病证是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "阳偏胜",
267
+ "B": "阳偏衰",
268
+ "C": "阴偏胜",
269
+ "D": "阴偏衰",
270
+ "E": "阴阳两虚"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "D",
273
+ "reason": "对于阳偏衰,要用补阳的方法,又称补阳以抑阴,王冰称为“益火之源,以消阴翳”《内经》称为“阴病治阳”。对于阴偏衰,要用补阴的方法,又称滋阴以抑阳,王冰称为“壮水之主,以制阳光”《内经》称为“阳病治阴”"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "患者眼睑浮肿,继则四肢及全身皆肿,来势迅速,伴有恶寒发热,小便不利,舌苔薄白,脉浮紧,其证候是()",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "风水泛滥",
280
+ "B": "湿毒浸淫",
281
+ "C": "水湿浸渍",
282
+ "D": "湿热壅盛",
283
+ "E": "脾阳虚衰"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "A",
286
+ "reason": "患者畏寒肢冷,提示有阳虚的症状,选项中只有E项符合答案。浮肿延及全身,伴有恶寒发热,此症状大多提示有风邪夹杂。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "补中益气汤的主治病证是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "表虚自汗证",
293
+ "B": "气阴两虚证",
294
+ "C": "心脾两虚证",
295
+ "D": "脾虚气陷证",
296
+ "E": "脾虚夹湿证"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "D",
299
+ "reason": "补中益气汤补中益气,升阳举陷,用于脾虚气陷证。玉屏风散益气固表止汗,用于表虚自汗证。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "以突然昏仆,不省人事,口吐白沫,两目上视,四肢抽搐为主要表现的病证是()",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "痿证",
306
+ "B": "痉证",
307
+ "C": "痹证",
308
+ "D": "厥证",
309
+ "E": "痫证"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "E",
312
+ "reason": "痫证是以突然昏仆,不省人事,口吐白沫,两目上视,四肢抽搐为主要表现的病证。痿证是以肢体筋脉弛缓,软弱无力,日久因不能随意运动而致肌肉萎缩为主要表现的病证。痉证以四肢抽搐、项背强直,甚至角弓反张为主症。痹证是以肢体筋骨、关节、肌肉等处发生疼痛、重着、酸楚、麻木,或关节屈伸不利,僵硬,肿大,变形等为主��表现的病证。厥证是以突然昏倒,不省人事,四肢厥冷为主要临床表现的一种病证。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "玉屏风散的主治病证是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "表虚自汗证",
319
+ "B": "气阴两虚证",
320
+ "C": "心脾两虚证",
321
+ "D": "脾虚气陷证",
322
+ "E": "脾虚夹湿证"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "A",
325
+ "reason": "补中益气汤补中益气,升阳举陷,用于脾虚气陷证。玉屏风散益气固表止汗,用于表虚自汗证。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "以肢体筋脉弛缓,软弱无力,日久因不能随意运动而致肌肉萎缩为主要表现的病证是()",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "痿证",
332
+ "B": "痉证",
333
+ "C": "痹证",
334
+ "D": "厥证",
335
+ "E": "痫证"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "A",
338
+ "reason": "痫证是以突然昏仆,不省人事,口吐白沫,两目上视,四肢抽搐为主要表现的病证。痿证是以肢体筋脉弛缓,软弱无力,日久因不能随意运动而致肌肉萎缩为主要表现的病证。痉证以四肢抽搐、项背强直,甚至角弓反张为主症。痹证是以肢体筋骨、关节、肌肉等处发生疼痛、重着、酸楚、麻木,或关节屈伸不利,僵硬,肿大,变形等为主要表现的病证。厥证是以突然昏倒,不省人事,四肢厥冷为主要临床表现的一种病证。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "治疗中焦虚寒,肝气上逆之巅顶头痛,宜选用",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "丁香",
345
+ "B": "肉桂",
346
+ "C": "吴茱萸",
347
+ "D": "干姜",
348
+ "E": "花椒"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "吴茱英的功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呕,助阳止泻,为治寒滞肝经诸痛之要药,巅顶头痛为厥阴肝经的头病表现,花椒的功效:温中止痛,杀虫,止痒,可用于虫积腹痛。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "以“补血而不滞血,行血而不伤血”为配伍特点的方剂是()",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "四物汤",
358
+ "B": "归脾汤",
359
+ "C": "炙甘草汤",
360
+ "D": "补中益气汤",
361
+ "E": "当归补血汤"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "四物汤:主治营血虚滞证。方中以熟地黄、白芍阴柔补血之品与辛香之当归、川芎等量相配,动静相宜,补血而不滞血,行血而不伤血,补中有行,散中有收,温而不燥,滋而不腻。归脾汤配伍特点:心脾同治,重在补脾;气血并补,重在补气;补行结合。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "治疗蛔虫引起的腹痛,呕吐,宜选用",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "丁香",
371
+ "B": "肉桂",
372
+ "C": "吴茱萸",
373
+ "D": "干姜",
374
+ "E": "花椒"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "E",
377
+ "reason": "吴茱英的功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呕,助阳止泻,为治寒滞肝经诸痛之要药,巅顶头痛为厥阴肝经的头病表现,花椒的功效:温中止痛,杀虫,止痒,可用于虫积腹痛。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "以“心脾同治,重在补脾”为配伍特点的方剂是()",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "四物汤",
384
+ "B": "归脾汤",
385
+ "C": "炙甘草汤",
386
+ "D": "补中益气汤",
387
+ "E": "当归补血汤"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "B",
390
+ "reason": "四物汤:主治营血虚滞证。方中以熟地黄、白芍阴柔补血之品与辛香之当归、川芎等量相配,动静相宜,补血而不滞血,行血而不伤血,补中有行,散中有收,温而不燥,滋而不腻。归脾汤配伍特点:心脾同治,重在补脾;气血并补,重在补气;补行结合。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "患者头痛发热,烦渴欲饮,水入即吐,小便不利,舌苔白,脉浮。治疗应首选",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "猪苓汤",
397
+ "B": "五苓散",
398
+ "C": "防己黄芪汤",
399
+ "D": "实脾散",
400
+ "E": "真武汤"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "127题辨证为表邪未解,内停水湿证,五苓散能利水渗湿,温阳化气,故可选用,而防己黄芪汤主治为风水、风湿卫表不固证,实脾散、真武汤主治为阳虚水肿证,不符合条件不选用:128题辨证为水热互结下焦,阴液受损证,猪苓汤利水清热养阴,可选用。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "肝气郁结型郁证治法为()",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "疏肝理气解郁",
410
+ "B": "清肝泻火,解郁和胃",
411
+ "C": "甘润缓急,养心安神",
412
+ "D": "健脾养心,益气补血",
413
+ "E": "滋阴清热,镇心安神"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "A",
416
+ "reason": "肝气郁结型郁证治疗当疏肝理气解郁,方选柴胡疏肝散;而心神失养型心气不足,当甘润缓急,养心安神,方选甘麦大枣汤。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "患者小便涩痛,时或尿中带血,发热,口渴欲饮,心烦不寐。治疗���首选",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "猪苓汤",
423
+ "B": "五苓散",
424
+ "C": "防己黄芪汤",
425
+ "D": "实脾散",
426
+ "E": "真武汤"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "A",
429
+ "reason": "127题辨证为表邪未解,内停水湿证,五苓散能利水渗湿,温阳化气,故可选用,而防己黄芪汤主治为风水、风湿卫表不固证,实脾散、真武汤主治为阳虚水肿证,不符合条件不选用:128题辨证为水热互结下焦,阴液受损证,猪苓汤利水清热养阴,可选用。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "心神失养型郁证治法为()",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "疏肝理气解郁",
436
+ "B": "清肝泻火,解郁和胃",
437
+ "C": "甘润缓急,养心安神",
438
+ "D": "健脾养心,益气补血",
439
+ "E": "滋阴清热,镇心安神"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": "肝气郁结型郁证治疗当疏肝理气解郁,方选柴胡疏肝散;而心神失养型心气不足,当甘润缓急,养心安神,方选甘麦大枣汤。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "在八脉交会穴中,通任脉的是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "后溪",
449
+ "B": "公孙",
450
+ "C": "太渊",
451
+ "D": "列缺",
452
+ "E": "内关"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "D",
455
+ "reason": "八脉交会穴是寄经入脉与十二经之气相交会的8个腧穴,均分布于腕踩部上、下。公孙通冲脉、内关通阴维脉;后溪通督脉、申脉通阳跷脉;足临泣通带脉、外关通阳维脉;列缺通任脉、照海通阴跣脉。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "治疗中风中经络,肝肾阴虚,风阳上扰证,应首选()",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
462
+ "B": "半夏白术天麻汤",
463
+ "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
464
+ "D": "补阳还五汤",
465
+ "E": "地黄饮子"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "A",
468
+ "reason": "天麻钩藤饮具有平肝息风潜阳作用,用于中风中经络,肝肾阴虚,风阳上扰证。半夏白术天麻汤燥湿化痰,平肝息风,用于治疗脾虚湿盛,风痰上扰之眩晕。C项用于阴虚风动之眩晕,症见头痛、舌强、肢颤等;D项适用于中风恢复阶段,气虚血滞;E项用于下元虚衰,虚火上炎,痰浊上泛所致之舌强不语、足废不用等症。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "在八脉交会穴中,通督脉的是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "后溪",
475
+ "B": "公孙",
476
+ "C": "太渊",
477
+ "D": "列缺",
478
+ "E": "内关"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "A",
481
+ "reason": "八脉交会穴是寄经入脉与十二经之气相交会的8个腧穴,均分布于腕踩部上、下。公孙通冲脉、内关通阴维脉;后溪通督脉、申脉通阳跷脉;足临泣通带脉、外关通阳维脉;列缺通任脉、照海通阴跣脉。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "治疗眩晕痰浊中阻证,应首选()",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
488
+ "B": "半夏白术天麻汤",
489
+ "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
490
+ "D": "补阳还五汤",
491
+ "E": "地黄饮子"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "B",
494
+ "reason": "天麻钩藤饮具有平肝息风潜阳作用,用于中风中经络,肝肾阴虚,风阳上扰证。半夏白术天麻汤燥湿化痰,平肝息风,用于治疗脾虚湿盛,风痰上扰之眩晕。C项用于阴虚风动之眩晕,症见头痛、舌强、肢颤等;D项适用于中风恢复阶段,气虚血滞;E项用于下元虚衰,虚火上炎,痰浊上泛所致之舌强不语、足废不用等症。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "前发际至后发际的骨度分寸是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "13寸",
501
+ "B": "12寸",
502
+ "C": "9寸",
503
+ "D": "6寸",
504
+ "E": "5寸"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "B",
507
+ "reason": "内辅骨下廉(胫骨内下缘)至内踝高点的骨度分寸是13寸;前发际正中至后发际正中的骨度分寸为12寸等脐中至横骨上廉(耻骨联合上缘)的骨度分寸是5寸。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "气瘿漫肿,边缘不清,随喜怒消长,皮色如常,其治法是()",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "疏肝解郁",
514
+ "B": "清热化痰",
515
+ "C": "调和冲任",
516
+ "D": "益气养阴",
517
+ "E": "清热解表"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "A",
520
+ "reason": "瘿病多由气滞、痰凝、血瘀等因素导致脏腑经络功能失调而引起,随喜怒消长,显然病因为肝郁气滞,故治宜疏肝解郁。汗出心悸、失眠多梦、形体消瘦可提示此患者为气阴两虚,故治宜益气养阴。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "脐中至横骨上廉(耻骨联合上缘)的骨度分寸是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "13寸",
527
+ "B": "12寸",
528
+ "C": "9寸",
529
+ "D": "6寸",
530
+ "E": "5寸"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "E",
533
+ "reason": "内辅骨下廉(胫骨内下缘)至内踝高点的骨度分寸是13寸;前发际正中至后发际正中的骨度分寸为12寸等脐中至横骨上廉(耻骨联合上缘)的骨度分寸是5寸。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "肉瘿伴急躁易怒、汗出心悸、失眠多梦、形体消瘦,其治法是()",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "疏肝解郁",
540
+ "B": "清热化痰",
541
+ "C": "调和冲任",
542
+ "D": "益气养阴",
543
+ "E": "清热解表"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "D",
546
+ "reason": "瘿病多由气滞、痰凝、血瘀等因素导致脏腑经络功能失调而引起,随喜怒消长,显然病因为肝郁气滞,故治宜疏肝解郁。汗出心悸、失眠多梦、形体消瘦可提示此患者为气阴两虚,故治宜益气养阴。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "肾虚水泛的临床表现是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "畏寒身肿,小便短少",
553
+ "B": "畏寒肢冷,倦卧嗜睡",
554
+ "C": "腰酸耳鸣,小便失禁",
555
+ "D": "眩晕咽干,腰膝酸软",
556
+ "E": "发脱齿摇,健忘恍惚"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "A",
559
+ "reason": "肾病常见症状包括腰膝酸软而病、耳鸣耳、发白早脱、齿牙动摇、阳痿遗精、女子不孕等。肾虚水泛主要因肾阳虚不能制水,致水饭泛溢而出现相关症状,在肾阳虚基础上突出表现为水肿、尿少。肾气不固是指肾气亏虚、固摄无权所表现的证候,在肾气虚的基础上突由表现为肾与膀胱固摄失职的症状,而小便失禁正是膀胱固摄失职的表现。眩晕咽干、腰膝酸软是肾阴虚的表现;畏寒肢冷、倦卧嗜睡是贤阳虚的表现;发脱齿摇、健忘恍惚是肾精不足的症状。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "患者停经45天,1周前查尿妊娠试验阳性,近2天恶心,呕吐酸水,恶闻油腻,口干口苦,胸满胁痛,舌淡红,苔微黄,脉弦滑,其治法是()",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "健脾养阴,和胃止呕",
566
+ "B": "健脾祛湿,豁痰止呕",
567
+ "C": "健脾和胃,降逆止呕",
568
+ "D": "健脾益气,降逆止呕",
569
+ "E": "清肝和胃,降逆止呕"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "呕吐酸水,恶闻油腻,口干口苦,胸满胁痛,舌淡红,苔微黄,脉弦滑,证属妊娠恶阻肝胃不和证。治法:清肝和胃,降逆止呕。代表方:橘皮竹茹汤或苏叶黄连汤酌加姜半夏、枇杷叶、竹茹、乌梅。恶心呕吐,食入即吐,口淡,头晕体倦,脘痞腹胀,舌淡,苔白,脉缓滑无力,为妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证。治法:健脾和胃,降逆止呕。代表方:香砂六君子汤。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "肾气不固的临床表现是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "畏寒身肿,小便短少",
579
+ "B": "畏寒肢冷,倦卧嗜睡",
580
+ "C": "腰酸耳鸣,小便失禁",
581
+ "D": "眩晕咽干,腰膝酸软",
582
+ "E": "发脱齿摇,健忘恍惚"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "C",
585
+ "reason": "肾病常见症状包括腰膝酸软而病、耳鸣耳、发白早脱、齿牙动摇、阳痿遗精、女子不孕等。肾虚水泛主要因肾阳虚不能制水,致水饭泛溢而出现相关症状,在肾阳虚基础上突出表现为水肿、尿少。肾气不固是指肾气亏虚、固摄无权所表现的证候,在肾气虚的基础上突由表现为肾与膀胱固摄失职的症状,而小便失禁正是膀胱固摄失职的表现。眩晕咽干、腰膝酸软是肾阴虚的表现;畏寒肢冷、倦卧嗜睡是贤阳虚的表现;发脱齿摇、健忘恍惚是肾精不足的症状。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "患者停经45天,1周前查尿妊娠试验阳性,近2天恶心、呕吐,食入即吐,口淡,头晕体倦,脘痞腹胀,舌淡,苔白,脉缓滑无力,其治法是()",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "健脾养阴,和胃止呕",
592
+ "B": "健脾祛湿,豁痰止呕",
593
+ "C": "健脾和胃,降逆止呕",
594
+ "D": "健脾益气,降逆止呕",
595
+ "E": "清肝和胃,降逆止呕"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "C",
598
+ "reason": "呕吐酸水,恶闻油腻,口干口苦,胸满胁痛,舌淡红,苔微黄,脉弦滑,证属妊娠恶阻肝胃不和证。治法:清肝和胃,降逆止呕。代表方:橘皮竹茹汤或苏叶黄连汤酌加姜半夏、枇杷叶、竹茹、乌梅。恶心呕吐,食入即吐,口淡,头晕体倦,脘痞腹胀,舌淡,苔白,脉缓滑无力,为妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证。治法:健脾和胃,降逆止呕。代表方:香砂六君子汤。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "X线下见右下肺出现大片的浓密阴影,其内见一个含有液平面的圆形空洞,洞内壁不规整,洞壁较厚。应首先考虑的是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "肺大疱",
605
+ "B": "肺脓肿",
606
+ "C": "浸润型肺结核空洞形成",
607
+ "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核",
608
+ "E": "周围型肺癌空洞形成"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "B",
611
+ "reason": "肺脓肿胸片见较大的片状致密影,在致密的实变区中可见含有液面的空洞,内壁不规整。慢性肺脓肿可见空洞壁变薄,周围有较多紊乱的纤维条素状阴影,慢性纤维空洞型肺结核胸片见两肺上部多发厚壁的慢性纤维病变及空洞,周围有广泛的纤维条索影和散在的新老病灶。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "治疗月经过少肾虚证,应首选()",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
618
+ "B": "启宫丸",
619
+ "C": "乌药汤",
620
+ "D": "归肾丸",
621
+ "E": "滋血汤"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "D",
624
+ "reason": "肾气不足,精血亏虚,冲任气血衰少,血海满溢不多,故经量明显减少,或点滴即净,色淡暗,质稀;精血衰少,脑髓不充,故头晕耳鸣;肾虚腰腿失养,故腰腿酸软;肾虚膀胱失于温固,故小便频数。舌淡,苔薄,脉沉细,也为肾虚之征。治宜补肾养血调经,方选归肾丸。冲任气血不足,血海满溢不多,故月经量少,不日即净,或点滴即止,经色淡红,质稀;血虚不能上荣清窍,故头晕眼花;血少内不养心,故心悸失眠;血虚外不荣肌肤,故面色萎黄,皮肤不润。舌淡苔薄,脉细无力,为血虚之征。治宜养血调经,方选滋血汤。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "X线下见右上肺有多发的厚壁空洞,周围有较广泛的纤维条索影。应首先考虑的是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "肺大疱",
631
+ "B": "肺脓肿",
632
+ "C": "浸润型肺结核空洞形成",
633
+ "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核",
634
+ "E": "周围型肺癌空洞形成"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "D",
637
+ "reason": "肺脓肿胸片见较大的片状致密影,在致密的实变区中可见含有液面的空洞,内壁不规整。慢性肺脓肿可见空洞壁变薄,周围有较多紊乱的纤维条素状阴影,慢性纤维空洞型肺结核胸片见两肺上部多发厚壁的慢性纤维病变及空洞,周围有广泛的纤维条索影和散在的新老病灶。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "治疗月经过少血虚证,应首选()",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
644
+ "B": "启宫丸",
645
+ "C": "乌药汤",
646
+ "D": "归肾丸",
647
+ "E": "滋血汤"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "E",
650
+ "reason": "肾气不足,精血亏虚,冲任气血衰少,血海满溢不多,故经量明显减少,或点滴即净,色淡暗,质稀;精血衰少,脑髓不充,故头晕耳鸣;肾虚腰腿失养,故腰腿酸软;肾虚膀胱失于温固,故小便频数。舌淡,苔薄,脉沉细,也为肾虚之征。治宜补肾养血调经,方选归肾丸。冲任气血不足,血海满溢不多,故月经量少,不日即净,或点滴即止,经色淡红,质稀;血虚不能上荣清窍,故头晕眼花;血少内不养心,故心悸失眠;血虚外不荣肌肤,故面色萎黄,皮肤不润。舌淡苔薄,脉细无力,为血虚之征。治宜养血调经,方选滋血汤。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "雷火针灸归属的灸法是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "艾条灸",
657
+ "B": "艾炷灸",
658
+ "C": "温和灸",
659
+ "D": "温针灸",
660
+ "E": "直接灸"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "A",
663
+ "reason": "艾条灸包括悬起灸和实按灸。悬起灸包括温和负、崔啄灸、回旋灸;实按灸包括太乙针灸和雷火针灸。艾炷负分为直接灸和间接灸。直接灸分为疲痕灸、无瘢痕灸,间接灸分为隔姜灸、隔蒜灸、隔盐灸、隔附子饼灸。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "行气活血法适用于()",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "阴囊红肿热痛,肾子肿痛,尿急尿频,尿液黄赤,茎中热痛,精液赤浊,苔黄腻",
670
+ "B": "肾子硬结,少腹或会阴胀痛,排尿困难或闭塞不通,舌暗或有瘀点瘀斑",
671
+ "C": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节,皮色不变,亦不疼痛",
672
+ "D": "腰膝酸痛,头目眩晕,健忘少寐,五心烦热,阳事易兴,小溲黄热而淋沥不爽,舌红苔少",
673
+ "E": "腰膝冷痛,形寒肢冷,性欲减退,阳痿遗精,小便频数,遗尿不禁,囊内积水,舌淡脉细弱"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": "B项为气血瘀滞表现,治疗当行气活血。A项为湿热下注表现,治疗应当清利湿热。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "隔附子饼灸归属的灸法是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "艾条灸",
683
+ "B": "艾炷灸",
684
+ "C": "温和灸",
685
+ "D": "温针灸",
686
+ "E": "直接灸"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "B",
689
+ "reason": "艾条灸包括悬起灸和实按灸。悬起灸包括温和负、崔啄灸、回旋灸;实按灸包括太乙针灸和雷火针灸。艾炷负分为直接灸和间接灸。直接灸分为疲痕灸、无瘢痕灸,间接灸分为隔姜灸、隔蒜灸、隔盐灸、隔附子饼灸。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "清利湿热法适用于()",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "阴囊红肿热痛,肾子肿痛,尿急尿频,尿液黄赤,茎中热痛,精���赤浊,苔黄腻",
696
+ "B": "肾子硬结,少腹或会阴胀痛,排尿困难或闭塞不通,舌暗或有瘀点瘀斑",
697
+ "C": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节,皮色不变,亦不疼痛",
698
+ "D": "腰膝酸痛,头目眩晕,健忘少寐,五心烦热,阳事易兴,小溲黄热而淋沥不爽,舌红苔少",
699
+ "E": "腰膝冷痛,形寒肢冷,性欲减退,阳痿遗精,小便频数,遗尿不禁,囊内积水,舌淡脉细弱"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "A",
702
+ "reason": "B项为气血瘀滞表现,治疗当行气活血。A项为湿热下注表现,治疗应当清利湿热。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "内关位于腕掌侧远端横纹上",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "0.5寸",
709
+ "B": "1寸",
710
+ "C": "2寸",
711
+ "D": "3寸",
712
+ "E": "5寸"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "C",
715
+ "reason": "内关、都门均为手厥阴经穴。内关定位:在前臂前区,腕掌侧远端横纹上2寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。郑门定位:在前臂前区,腕堂侧远端横纹上5寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "薄荷在逍遥散中的主要作用是()",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "疏散肺经风热",
722
+ "B": "透达肝经郁热",
723
+ "C": "辛凉散邪透疹",
724
+ "D": "清利头目利咽",
725
+ "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "B",
728
+ "reason": "逍遥散中加少许薄荷,疏散肝经逾遏之气,透达肝经郁遏之热。银翘散中薄荷、牛蒡子,味辛性凉,疏散风热,清利头目,且可解毒利咽。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "郄门位于腕掌侧远端横纹上",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "0.5寸",
735
+ "B": "1寸",
736
+ "C": "2寸",
737
+ "D": "3寸",
738
+ "E": "5寸"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "E",
741
+ "reason": "内关、都门均为手厥阴经穴。内关定位:在前臂前区,腕掌侧远端横纹上2寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。郑门定位:在前臂前区,腕堂侧远端横纹上5寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "薄荷在银翘散中的主要作用是()",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "疏散肺经风热",
748
+ "B": "透达肝经郁热",
749
+ "C": "辛凉散邪透疹",
750
+ "D": "清利头目利咽",
751
+ "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "D",
754
+ "reason": "逍遥散中加少许薄荷,疏散肝经逾遏之气,透达肝经郁遏之热。银翘散中薄荷、牛蒡子,味辛性凉,疏散风热,清利头目,且可解毒利咽。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "原发性肺癌的临床表现是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "刺激性干咳、少量黏液痰",
761
+ "B": "持续性低热、盗汗",
762
+ "C": "急性起病、高热、大量脓痰",
763
+ "D": "起病缓慢、乏力、咽痛、咳嗽",
764
+ "E": "急性起病、高热、咳铁锈色痰"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": "刺激性干咳往往是肺癌出现的症状,伴随咯血、消瘦等,而肺炎链球菌肺炎典型表现则是咳吐铁锈色痰。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "治疗积滞乳食内积证,应首选的方剂是()",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "肥儿丸或疳积散",
774
+ "B": "消乳丸或保和丸",
775
+ "C": "健脾丸",
776
+ "D": "八珍汤",
777
+ "E": "肥儿丸"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "积滞乳食内积证治法:消乳化食,和中导滞。主方:乳积者,选消乳丸;食积者,选保和丸。积滞脾虚夹积证治法:健脾助运,消食化滞。主方:健脾丸。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "肺炎链球菌肺炎的临床表现是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "刺激性干咳、少量黏液痰",
787
+ "B": "持续性低热、盗汗",
788
+ "C": "急性起病、高热、大量脓痰",
789
+ "D": "起病缓慢、乏力、咽痛、咳嗽",
790
+ "E": "急性起病、高热、咳铁锈色痰"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "E",
793
+ "reason": "刺激性干咳往往是肺癌出现的症状,伴随咯血、消瘦等,而肺炎链球菌肺炎典型表现则是咳吐铁锈色痰。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "治疗积滞脾虚夹积证,应首选的方剂是()",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "肥儿丸或疳积散",
800
+ "B": "消乳丸或保和丸",
801
+ "C": "健脾丸",
802
+ "D": "八珍汤",
803
+ "E": "肥儿丸"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "C",
806
+ "reason": "积滞乳食内积证治法:消乳化食,和中导滞。主方:乳积者,选消乳丸;食积者,选保和丸。积滞脾虚夹积证治法:健脾助运,消食化滞。主方:健脾丸。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "左心衰竭急性肺水肿时需鉴别的疾病是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "支气管哮喘",
813
+ "B": "肝硬化",
814
+ "C": "肺气肿",
815
+ "D": "胃癌",
816
+ "E": "慢性肾炎"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "A",
819
+ "reason": "左心衰竭合并肺水肿,出现呼吸困��,咳吐粉红色泡沫痰,需要与支气管哮喘相鉴别。右心衰竭合并腹水,需要与肝硬化相鉴别,因为肝硬化失代偿期最典型的体征就是腹水"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "水痘的临床特征是()",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "热退疹出",
826
+ "B": "鸡皮样皮疹,颜面无疹,口周苍白圈",
827
+ "C": "充血性皮疹,耳后、枕部淋巴结肿大",
828
+ "D": "皮疹以口腔、四肢为主,口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡",
829
+ "E": "皮疹向心性分布,同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "E",
832
+ "reason": "皮疹向心性分布,同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存为水痘的临床特征。皮疹以口腔、四肢为主,口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡为手足口病的临床特征。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "右心衰竭腹水时主要需鉴别的疾病是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "支气管哮喘",
839
+ "B": "肝硬化",
840
+ "C": "肺气肿",
841
+ "D": "胃癌",
842
+ "E": "慢性肾炎"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "B",
845
+ "reason": "左心衰竭合并肺水肿,出现呼吸困难,咳吐粉红色泡沫痰,需要与支气管哮喘相鉴别。右心衰竭合并腹水,需要与肝硬化相鉴别,因为肝硬化失代偿期最典型的体征就是腹水"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "手足口病的临床特征是()",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "热退疹出",
852
+ "B": "鸡皮样皮疹,颜面无疹,口周苍白圈",
853
+ "C": "充血性皮疹,耳后、枕部淋巴结肿大",
854
+ "D": "皮疹以口腔、四肢为主,口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡",
855
+ "E": "皮疹向心性分布,同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "D",
858
+ "reason": "皮疹向心性分布,同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存为水痘的临床特征。皮疹以口腔、四肢为主,口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡为手足口病的临床特征。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "反映医患关系本质的是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
865
+ "B": "医患关系是具有道德意义较强的社会关系",
866
+ "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
867
+ "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
868
+ "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "B",
871
+ "reason": "医患关系本质是具有较强的道德意义社会关系。医患关系的内容包括两方面,一是医务人员与病人在医疗措专业内容,另一方面表现为医务人员对病人的服务质量和伦理道德的非技术关系。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "患者,女性,50岁。甲状腺功能亢进症症状较轻,甲状腺中度肿大。治疗应选用()",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "抗甲状腺药物",
878
+ "B": "无机碘液",
879
+ "C": "普萘洛尔",
880
+ "D": "放射性碘治疗",
881
+ "E": "手术治疗"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "A",
884
+ "reason": "抗甲状腺药物治疗的适应证包括以下几点:①病情轻、甲状腺轻度至中度肿大者;②年龄在20岁以下,或孕妇、年迈体弱或合并严重心、肝、肾疾病等而不宜手术者;③术前准备;④甲状腺次全切除后复发而不宜用¹³¹I治疗者;⑤作为放射性¹³¹I治疗前后的辅助治疗。手术治疗的适应证:中、重度甲亢,长期服药无效,停药后复发,或不愿长期服药者;甲状腺巨大,有压迫症状者;胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢者;结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢者。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "概括医患关系内容的是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
891
+ "B": "医患关系是具有道德意义较强的社会关系",
892
+ "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
893
+ "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
894
+ "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "E",
897
+ "reason": "医患关系本质是具有较强的道德意义社会关系。医患关系的内容包括两方面,一是医务人员与病人在医疗措专业内容,另一方面表现为医务人员对病人的服务质量和伦理道德的非技术关系。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "患者,女性,36岁。甲状腺肿大压迫气管。治疗应选用()",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "抗甲状腺药物",
904
+ "B": "无机碘液",
905
+ "C": "普萘洛尔",
906
+ "D": "放射性碘治疗",
907
+ "E": "手术治疗"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "E",
910
+ "reason": "抗甲状腺药物治疗的适应证包括以下几点:①病情轻、甲状腺轻度至中度肿大者;②年龄在20岁以下,或孕妇、年迈体弱或合并严重心、肝、肾疾病等而不宜手术者;③术前准备;④甲状腺次全切除后复发而不宜用¹³¹I治���者;⑤作为放射性¹³¹I治疗前后的辅助治疗。手术治疗的适应证:中、重度甲亢,长期服药无效,停药后复发,或不愿长期服药者;甲状腺巨大,有压迫症状者;胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢者;结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢者。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "病原携带状态是指",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "病原体进入机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除",
917
+ "B": "病原体侵入机体后,仅引起特异性免疫应答,不出现任何临床表现",
918
+ "C": "病原体侵入机体后,既引起特异性免疫,又出现相应临床表现",
919
+ "D": "病原体侵入机体后,寄生于机体某些部位,被机体免疫功能局限化,功能下降时,可引起相应的临床表现",
920
+ "E": "病原体侵入机体后,不引起相应的临床表现,但机体能排出病原体"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "E",
923
+ "reason": "机体与病原体相互作用可出现五种不同的程度:①病原体被清除;➁隐性感染;③显性感染;④病原携带状态;⑤潜伏性感染。病原携带状态:病原体侵入机体后。不引起相应的临床表现,但机体能排出病原体,是主要的传染源。病原体被清除;病原体进入机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗胃火牙痛,在基本处方的基础上,宜配用()",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "胃俞、劳宫",
930
+ "B": "太溪、行间",
931
+ "C": "内庭、二间",
932
+ "D": "外关、风池",
933
+ "E": "大杼、束骨"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "C",
936
+ "reason": "胃火牙痛者,加内庭、二间以清泻胃火。阴虚牙痛者,加太溪、行间以滋阴。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "病原被清除是指",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "病原体进入机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除",
943
+ "B": "病原体侵入机体后,仅引起特异性免疫应答,不出现任何临床表现",
944
+ "C": "病原体侵入机体后,既引起特异性免疫,又出现相应临床表现",
945
+ "D": "病原体侵入机体后,寄生于机体某些部位,被机体免疫功能局限化,功能下降时,可引起相应的临床表现",
946
+ "E": "病原体侵入机体后,不引起相应的临床表现,但机体能排出病原体"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "A",
949
+ "reason": "机体与病原体相互作用可出现五种不同的程度:①病原体被清除;➁隐性感染;③显性感染;④病原携带状态;⑤潜伏性感染。病原携带状态:病原体侵入机体后。不引起相应的临床表现,但机体能排出病原体,是主要的传染源。病原体被清除;病原体进入机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "治疗阴虚牙痛,在基本处方的基础上,宜配用()",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "胃俞、劳宫",
956
+ "B": "太溪、行间",
957
+ "C": "内庭、二间",
958
+ "D": "外关、风池",
959
+ "E": "大杼、束骨"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "B",
962
+ "reason": "胃火牙痛者,加内庭、二间以清泻胃火。阴虚牙痛者,加太溪、行间以滋阴。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "流行性乙型脑炎病毒属",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "拉沙病毒",
969
+ "B": "汉坦病毒",
970
+ "C": "嗜肝DNA病毒",
971
+ "D": "反转录病毒",
972
+ "E": "黄病毒"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "E",
975
+ "reason": "乙脑病毒属于虫媒病毒黄病毒科黄病毒属。流行性出血热病毒属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "感染HBV后,最早出现的抗体为()",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "HBsAg",
982
+ "B": "抗-HBs",
983
+ "C": "HBcAg",
984
+ "D": "抗-HBc",
985
+ "E": "抗-HBe"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "D",
988
+ "reason": "乙型肝炎的实验室检查。感染HBV后最早出现的抗体为抗-HBc,不游离存在于血液中的标志物为HBcAg。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "流行性出血热病毒属",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "拉沙病毒",
995
+ "B": "汉坦病毒",
996
+ "C": "嗜肝DNA病毒",
997
+ "D": "反转录病毒",
998
+ "E": "黄病毒"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "B",
1001
+ "reason": "乙脑病毒属于虫媒病毒黄病毒科黄病毒属。流行性出血热病毒属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "不游离存在于血液中的标志物为()",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "HBsAg",
1008
+ "B": "抗-HBs",
1009
+ "C": "HBcAg",
1010
+ "D": "抗-HBc",
1011
+ "E": "抗-HBe"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "C",
1014
+ "reason": "乙型肝炎的实验室检查。感染HBV后最早出现的抗体为抗-HBc,不游离存在于血液中的标志物为HBcAg。"
1015
+ }
1016
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "六腑中主决断的是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "胆",
7
+ "B": "胃",
8
+ "C": "小肠",
9
+ "D": "大肠",
10
+ "E": "三焦"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": "胆主决断,调节情志。泌别清浊,指小肠中的食糜在进一步消化的过程中,随之分为清浊两部分。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "多发于儿童头部的外科疾病是()",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "有头疖",
20
+ "B": "无头疖",
21
+ "C": "暑疖",
22
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
23
+ "E": "疖病"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "D",
26
+ "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。疖病:多发于项后发际、背部、臀部。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "六腑中主泌别清浊的是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "胆",
33
+ "B": "胃",
34
+ "C": "小肠",
35
+ "D": "大肠",
36
+ "E": "三焦"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "C",
39
+ "reason": "胆主决断,调节情志。泌别清浊,指小肠中的食糜在进一步消化的过程中,随之分为清浊两部分。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "多发于项后发际的外科疾病是()",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "有头疖",
46
+ "B": "无头疖",
47
+ "C": "暑疖",
48
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
49
+ "E": "疖病"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "E",
52
+ "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。疖病:多发于项后发际、背部、臀部。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "具有凉血退燕,清肺热功效的药物是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "地骨皮",
59
+ "B": "青蒿",
60
+ "C": "白薇",
61
+ "D": "银柴胡",
62
+ "E": "胡黄连"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "A",
65
+ "reason": "地骨皮功效:凉血除蒸,清肺降火。青蒿功效:清透虚热,凉血除蒸,解署,截疟。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "治疗阳气暴脱,可于神阙穴施()",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "灯草灸",
72
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
73
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
74
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
75
+ "E": "隔附子饼灸"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "隔盐灸有回阳、救逆、固脱的作用,可用于伤寒阴证或吐泻并作、中风脱证等病证。隔姜灸具有温胃止呕,散寒止痛的作用,常用于因寒而致的呕吐、腹痛及风寒痹痛等病证。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "具有退虚热,凉血,解暑功效的药物是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "地骨皮",
85
+ "B": "青蒿",
86
+ "C": "白薇",
87
+ "D": "银柴胡",
88
+ "E": "胡黄连"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "地骨皮功效:凉血除蒸,清肺降火。青蒿功效:清透虚热,凉血除蒸,解署,截疟。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "治疗风寒痹痛常用()",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "灯草灸",
98
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
99
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
100
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
101
+ "E": "隔附子饼灸"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "B",
104
+ "reason": "隔盐灸有回阳、救逆、固脱的作用,可用于伤寒阴证或吐泻并作、中风脱证等病证。隔姜灸具有温胃止呕,散寒止痛的作用,常用于因寒而致的呕吐、腹痛及风寒痹痛等病证。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "主动脉瓣关闭不全,多表现为",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "脉搏短绌",
111
+ "B": "水冲脉",
112
+ "C": "奇脉",
113
+ "D": "颈动脉搏动",
114
+ "E": "交替脉"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "B",
117
+ "reason": "主动脉瓣关闭不全导致脉压差增大,可出现水冲脉。缩窄性心包炎导致心脏压塞,出现奇脉,也叫作吸停脉。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "白秃疮的皮损特点是()",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "斑块状脱发",
124
+ "B": "发根部有菌鞘",
125
+ "C": "特殊的鼠尿臭",
126
+ "D": "呈钱币状",
127
+ "E": "红斑白屑"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "B",
130
+ "reason": "白秃疮的特点:头皮有圆形或不规则的覆盖灰白鳞屑的斑片,毛发在近头皮处断裂,参差不齐,发根部包绕有白色鳞屑形成的菌鞘,愈后不留瘢痕。肥疮的特点:有黄癣痂堆积,癣痂肥厚,边缘翘起,中心微凹,上有毛发贯穿,质脆易粉碎,有特殊的鼠尿臭,可形成永久性脱发。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "缩窄性心包炎,多表现为",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "脉搏短绌",
137
+ "B": "水冲脉",
138
+ "C": "奇脉",
139
+ "D": "颈动脉搏动",
140
+ "E": "交替脉"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "C",
143
+ "reason": "主动脉瓣关闭不全导致脉压差增大,可出现水冲脉。缩窄性心包炎导致心脏压塞,出现奇脉,也叫作吸停脉。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "肥疮的皮损特点是()",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "斑块状脱发",
150
+ "B": "发根部有菌鞘",
151
+ "C": "特殊的鼠尿臭",
152
+ "D": "呈钱币状",
153
+ "E": "红斑白屑"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "C",
156
+ "reason": "白秃疮的特点:头��有圆形或不规则的覆盖灰白鳞屑的斑片,毛发在近头皮处断裂,参差不齐,发根部包绕有白色鳞屑形成的菌鞘,愈后不留瘢痕。肥疮的特点:有黄癣痂堆积,癣痂肥厚,边缘翘起,中心微凹,上有毛发贯穿,质脆易粉碎,有特殊的鼠尿臭,可形成永久性脱发。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "具有利尿、止汗、安胎功效的药物是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "杜仲",
163
+ "B": "甘草",
164
+ "C": "白术",
165
+ "D": "大枣",
166
+ "E": "赤芍"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "白术:健脾益气,燥湿利水、止汗、安胎、甘草:补脾益气,清热解暑,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "丹痧的临床特点是()",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "出疹时发热更高,疹退后遗留棕色色素斑,有糠麸样脱屑",
176
+ "B": "热退疹出,疹退后无色素沉着及脱屑",
177
+ "C": "出疹时热高,疹退后无色素沉着,有大片脱皮",
178
+ "D": "耳后及枕部淋巴结肿大,疹退后无色素沉着及脱屑",
179
+ "E": "热退疹出、疹退后有色素沉,无脱屑"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "C",
182
+ "reason": "丹痧的临床特点:发热数小时至1天出疹,出疹时热高,疹退后无色素沉着,有大片脱皮。麻疹的临床特点:发热3~4天出疹,出疹时发热更高,疹退后遗留棕色色素斑,有糠麸样脱屑。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "具有袂痰、止痛、解毒功效的药物是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "杜仲",
189
+ "B": "甘草",
190
+ "C": "白术",
191
+ "D": "大枣",
192
+ "E": "赤芍"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "B",
195
+ "reason": "白术:健脾益气,燥湿利水、止汗、安胎、甘草:补脾益气,清热解暑,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "麻疹的临床特点是()",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "出疹时发热更高,疹退后遗留棕色色素斑,有糠麸样脱屑",
202
+ "B": "热退疹出,疹退后无色素沉着及脱屑",
203
+ "C": "出疹时热高,疹退后无色素沉着,有大片脱皮",
204
+ "D": "耳后及枕部淋巴结肿大,疹退后无色素沉着及脱屑",
205
+ "E": "热退疹出、疹退后有色素沉,无脱屑"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "A",
208
+ "reason": "丹痧的临床特点:发热数小时至1天出疹,出疹时热高,疹退后无色素沉着,有大片脱皮。麻疹的临床特点:发热3~4天出疹,出疹时发热更高,疹退后遗留棕色色素斑,有糠麸样脱屑。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "上述对孔窍起滋润作用的主要是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "气",
215
+ "B": "血",
216
+ "C": "津",
217
+ "D": "液",
218
+ "E": "精"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": "津的性质较清稀,流动性较大,布散于体表皮肤、肌肉和和孔窍。性质较稠厚、流动性较小,灌注于骨节、脏腑、脑、髓等组织的称\"液\"。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "提捏进针法适宜于()",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "短针",
228
+ "B": "长针",
229
+ "C": "皮肉浅薄部位",
230
+ "D": "皮肤松弛部位",
231
+ "E": "肌肉丰厚部位"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "C",
234
+ "reason": "提捏进针法适用于皮肤浅薄部位(如印堂、列缺)的进针。指切进针法多用于短针的进针。夹持进针法适用于长针的进针。舒张进针法适用于皮肤松弛邯位的进针。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "上述对关节起润泽和滑利作用的主要是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "气",
241
+ "B": "血",
242
+ "C": "津",
243
+ "D": "液",
244
+ "E": "精"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "D",
247
+ "reason": "津的性质较清稀,流动性较大,布散于体表皮肤、肌肉和和孔窍。性质较稠厚、流动性较小,灌注于骨节、脏腑、脑、髓等组织的称\"液\"。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "指切进针法适宜于()",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "短针",
254
+ "B": "长针",
255
+ "C": "皮肉浅薄部位",
256
+ "D": "皮肤松弛部位",
257
+ "E": "肌肉丰厚部位"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "A",
260
+ "reason": "提捏进针法适用于皮肤浅薄部位(如印堂、列缺)的进针。指切进针法多用于短针的进针。夹持进针法适用于长针的进针。舒张进针法适用于皮肤松弛邯位的进针。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "医学人道主义的核心内容中不包括哪项",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "尊重患者的生命",
267
+ "B": "尊重患者的人格与尊严",
268
+ "D": "注重对社会利益及人类健康利益的维护",
269
+ "C": "尊重患者平等的医疗与健康权利",
270
+ "E": "患者的法律地位"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "E",
273
+ "reason": "医学人道主义的核心内容:①尊重患者的生命是医学人道主义的根本思想;②尊重患者的人格与尊严;③尊重患者平等的医疗与健康权利;④注重对社会利益及人类健康利益的维护;⑤社会及患者对医院、医务人员利益和价值的尊重。尊重患者的生命是医学人道主义的根本思想。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "手少阳经与足少阳经在面部相交接的部位是()",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "目内眦",
280
+ "B": "目外眦",
281
+ "C": "目上",
282
+ "D": "目下",
283
+ "E": "鼻旁"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "B",
286
+ "reason": "手少阳经与足少阳经交接于目外眦。手太阳经与足太阳经交接于目内眦。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "医学人道主义的根本思想是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "结脉",
293
+ "B": "促脉",
294
+ "D": "微脉",
295
+ "C": "代脉",
296
+ "E": "弱脉"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "医学人道主义的核心内容:①尊重患者的生命是医学人道主义的根本思想;②尊重患者的人格与尊严;③尊重患者平等的医疗与健康权利;④注重对社会利益及人类健康利益的维护;⑤社会及患者对医院、医务人员利益和价值的尊重。尊重患者的生命是医学人道主义的根本思想。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "手太阳经与足太阳经在面部相交接的部位是()",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "目内眦",
306
+ "B": "目外眦",
307
+ "C": "目上",
308
+ "D": "目下",
309
+ "E": "鼻旁"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "A",
312
+ "reason": "手少阳经与足少阳经交接于目外眦。手太阳经与足太阳经交接于目内眦。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "缓而时止,止无定数的脉象是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "结脉",
319
+ "B": "促脉",
320
+ "C": "代脉",
321
+ "D": "微脉",
322
+ "E": "弱脉"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "A",
325
+ "reason": "结脉指脉来缓,时而一止;止无定数。促脉指脉来数,时而一止,止无定数。代脉指脉来时见一止,止有定数,良久方来。微脉指极细极软,按之欲绝,似有若无。弱脉指极软弱而沉细。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "胸痹气阴两虚证的临床表现是()",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚",
332
+ "B": "胸闷隐痛,时作时止",
333
+ "C": "胸闷如窒,气短喘促",
334
+ "D": "胸闷气短,神倦怯寒",
335
+ "E": "胸闷重而心痛微"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "B",
338
+ "reason": "胸痹气阴两虚证证候:心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚,伴倦急乏力,声息低微,面白自汗,舌质淡红舌体胖且边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓或结代,胸痹痰浊闭阻证证候:胸闷重而心痛微,痰多气短,肢体沉重,形体肥胖,遇阴雨天而易发作或加重,伴有心悸眩晕,纳呆便溏,咯吐痰延舌体胖大且边有齿痕,苔浊腻或白滑,脉滑"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "沉细而软的脉象是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "结脉",
345
+ "B": "促脉",
346
+ "C": "代脉",
347
+ "D": "微脉",
348
+ "E": "弱脉"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "E",
351
+ "reason": "结脉指脉来缓,时而一止;止无定数。促脉指脉来数,时而一止,止无定数。代脉指脉来时见一止,止有定数,良久方来。微脉指极细极软,按之欲绝,似有若无。弱脉指极软弱而沉细。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "胸痹痰浊闭阻证的临床表现是()",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚",
358
+ "B": "胸闷隐痛,时作时止",
359
+ "C": "胸闷如窒,气短喘促",
360
+ "D": "胸闷气短,神倦怯寒",
361
+ "E": "胸闷重而心痛微"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "E",
364
+ "reason": "胸痹气阴两虚证证候:心胸隐痛,时作时休,心悸气短,动则益甚,伴倦急乏力,声息低微,面白自汗,舌质淡红舌体胖且边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉虚细缓或结代,胸痹痰浊闭阻证证候:胸闷重而心痛微,痰多气短,肢体沉重,形体肥胖,遇阴雨天而易发作或加重,伴有心悸眩晕,纳呆便溏,咯吐痰延舌体胖大且边有齿痕,苔浊腻或白滑,脉滑"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "热盛伤津动风,多见的舌象是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "瘘软舌",
371
+ "B": "强硬舌",
372
+ "C": "吐弄舌",
373
+ "D": "短缩舌",
374
+ "E": "胖嫩舌"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "D",
377
+ "reason": "短缩舌为病情危重,可由寒凝筋脉气血俱虚或热盛伤津所致。吐弄舌属于心脾有热。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "主胞胎的经脉是()",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "阴维脉、阳维脉",
384
+ "B": "督脉",
385
+ "C": "任脉",
386
+ "D": "带脉",
387
+ "E": "阴跷脉、阳跷脉"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "C",
390
+ "reason": "任脉主胞胎。维脉的基本机能:阴维脉有维系联络全身阴经的作用;阳维脉有维系联络全身阳经的作用,"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "心脾有热,多见的舌象是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "瘘软舌",
397
+ "B": "强硬舌",
398
+ "C": "吐弄舌",
399
+ "D": "短缩舌",
400
+ "E": "胖嫩舌"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "C",
403
+ "reason": "短缩舌为病情危重,可由寒凝筋脉气血俱虚或热盛伤津所致。吐弄舌属于心脾有热。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "维系联络全身阴经和阳经的经脉是()",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "阴维脉、阳维脉",
410
+ "B": "督脉",
411
+ "C": "任脉",
412
+ "D": "带脉",
413
+ "E": "阴跷脉、阳跷脉"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "A",
416
+ "reason": "任脉主胞胎。维脉的基本机能:阴维脉有维系联络全身阴经的作用;阳维脉有维系联络全身阳经的作用,"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "脑出血患者出现交叉性瘫痪,针尖样瞳孔和昏迷,最可能的出血部位是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "壳核",
423
+ "B": "丘脑",
424
+ "C": "脑桥",
425
+ "D": "小脑",
426
+ "E": "脑叶"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "C",
429
+ "reason": "一侧脑桥少量出血;表现为交叉性瘫痪,两眼向病灶侧凝视麻痹。累及两侧脑桥,出血破入第四脑室,则会迅速出现深度昏迷、双侧瞳孔孔针尖样缩小,四肢瘫痪和中枢性高热的特征性体征,并出现中枢性呼吸障碍和去脑强直,多于数日内死亡。小脑出血常有眩晕、频繁呕吐、后枕剧痛、步履不稳、构音障碍、共济失调和眼球震颤而无瘫痪。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "治疗小儿急惊风邪陷心肝证,应首选的方剂是()",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "清瘟败毒饮",
436
+ "B": "羚角钩藤汤",
437
+ "C": "琥珀抱龙丸",
438
+ "D": "大定风珠",
439
+ "E": "固真汤"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "B",
442
+ "reason": "急惊风之邪陷心肝证,治法:清心开窍,平肝息风。代表方:羚角钩藤汤。急惊风之惊恐惊风证,治法:镇惊安神,平肝息风。代表方:琥珀抱龙丸。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "脑出血患者出现眩晕、共济失调而无瘫痪,最可能的出血部位是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "壳核",
449
+ "B": "丘脑",
450
+ "C": "脑桥",
451
+ "D": "小脑",
452
+ "E": "脑叶"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "D",
455
+ "reason": "一侧脑桥少量出血;表现为交叉性瘫痪,两眼向病灶侧凝视麻痹。累及两侧脑桥,出血破入第四脑室,则会迅速出现深度昏迷、双侧瞳孔孔针尖样缩小,四肢瘫痪和中枢性高热的特征性体征,并出现中枢性呼吸障碍和去脑强直,多于数日内死亡。小脑出血常有眩晕、频繁呕吐、后枕剧痛、步履不稳、构音障碍、共济失调和眼球震颤而无瘫痪。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "治疗小儿急惊风惊恐惊风证,应首选的方剂是()",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "清瘟败毒饮",
462
+ "B": "羚角钩藤汤",
463
+ "C": "琥珀抱龙丸",
464
+ "D": "大定风珠",
465
+ "E": "固真汤"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "C",
468
+ "reason": "急惊风之邪陷心肝证,治法:清心开窍,平肝息风。代表方:羚角钩藤汤。急惊风之惊恐惊风证,治法:镇惊安神,平肝息风。代表方:琥珀抱龙丸。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "原发性肺结核的X线特征表现是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "“戒指征”阴影",
475
+ "B": "哑铃状双极影",
476
+ "C": "渗出、增殖、播散、纤维、空洞同时存在",
477
+ "D": "大小、密度、分布均匀一致的粟粒状阴影",
478
+ "E": "大小、密度、分布不均匀且多种性质的阴影"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "B",
481
+ "reason": "急性血型播散型肺结核即急性粟粒型肺结核;,X线特征为两肺大小、密度、分布均匀一致的粟粒状阴影,正常肺纹理显示不清;原发性肺结核的特征性X线为原发灶、淋巴管炎和淋巴结炎构成的哑铃状双极影。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "治疗喘证痰热阻肺证应首选的方剂是()",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤",
488
+ "B": "射干麻黄汤",
489
+ "C": "小青龙汤",
490
+ "D": "麻杏石甘汤",
491
+ "E": "桑白皮汤"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "E",
494
+ "reason": "喘证之痰热阻肺证,治法:清热化痰,宣肺平喘。代表方剂:桑白皮汤。喘证表寒肺热喘证,治法:解表清里,化痰平喘。代表方剂:麻杏石甘汤。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "急性血型播散性肺结核的又线特征表现是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "“戒指征”阴影",
501
+ "B": "哑铃状双极影",
502
+ "C": "渗出、增殖、播散、纤维、空洞同时存在",
503
+ "D": "大小、密度、分布均匀一致的粟粒状阴影",
504
+ "E": "大小、密度、分布不均匀且多种性质的阴影"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "D",
507
+ "reason": "急性血型播散型肺结核即急性粟粒型肺结核;,X线特征为两肺大小、密度、分布均匀一致的粟粒状阴影,正常肺纹理显示��清;原发性肺结核的特征性X线为原发灶、淋巴管炎和淋巴结炎构成的哑铃状双极影。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "治疗喘证表寒肺热证应首选的方剂是()",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤",
514
+ "B": "射干麻黄汤",
515
+ "C": "小青龙汤",
516
+ "D": "麻杏石甘汤",
517
+ "E": "桑白皮汤"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "D",
520
+ "reason": "喘证之痰热阻肺证,治法:清热化痰,宣肺平喘。代表方剂:桑白皮汤。喘证表寒肺热喘证,治法:解表清里,化痰平喘。代表方剂:麻杏石甘汤。"
521
+ }
522
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "在手指末端交接的经脉是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "手之阳经与手之阴经",
7
+ "B": "手之阳经与足之阳经",
8
+ "C": "手之阴经与足之阴经",
9
+ "D": "足之阳经与足之阴经",
10
+ "E": "手之阳经与足之阴经"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": "十二经脉按照一定的循行走向,相互联系,有三种交接方式:①相为表里的阴经与阳经在四肢末端交挟;②同名手、足阳经在头面部交接;③手、足阴经在胸部交接。根据这三种交接方式可以断定:在手指未端交接的经脉是手之阳经与手之阴经。在头面部交接的经脉是手之阳经与足之阳经"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "在头面部交接的经脉是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "手之阳经与手之阴经",
20
+ "B": "手之阳经与足之阳经",
21
+ "C": "手之阴经与足之阴经",
22
+ "D": "足之阳经与足之阴经",
23
+ "E": "手之阳经与足之阴经"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "B",
26
+ "reason": "十二经脉按照一定的循行走向,相互联系,有三种交接方式:①相为表里的阴经与阳经在四肢末端交挟;②同名手、足阳经在头面部交接;③手、足阴经在胸部交接。根据这三种交接方式可以断定:在手指未端交接的经脉是手之阳经与手之阴经。在头面部交接的经脉是手之阳经与足之阳经"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "艾滋病的发病,属于",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "猝发",
33
+ "B": "伏而后发",
34
+ "C": "徐发",
35
+ "D": "继发",
36
+ "E": "复发"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "B",
39
+ "reason": "人体感染艾滋病后,潜伏期通常为2~10年。徐发为感邪后缓慢发病,年老体弱者之病,多属于此。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "年老体弱之人为病,多属",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "猝发",
46
+ "B": "伏而后发",
47
+ "C": "徐发",
48
+ "D": "继发",
49
+ "E": "复发"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "C",
52
+ "reason": "人体感染艾滋病后,潜伏期通常为2~10年。徐发为感邪后缓慢发病,年老体弱者之病,多属于此。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "热邪壅肺证,可见",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "咳嗽,咳痰稀白",
59
+ "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
60
+ "C": "咳喘,咳痰黄稠",
61
+ "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咳",
62
+ "E": "咳喘,痰多易咳"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "C",
65
+ "reason": "A项属外感风寒咳嗽;B项属寒痰咳嗽;C项属热邪炽盛,内壅肺脏,肺气上逆而为咳嗽,炼液为痰,则咳痰黄稠;D项燥邪易伤肺津,由于肺津受伤,肺失滋润,清肃失职,故咳嗽,痰少难咳;E项属痰湿阻肺致肺气上逆,故咳嗽,痰多易咳。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "燥邪犯肺证,可见",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "咳嗽,咳痰稀白",
72
+ "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
73
+ "C": "咳喘,咳痰黄稠",
74
+ "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咳",
75
+ "E": "咳喘,痰多易咳"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "A项属外感风寒咳嗽;B项属寒痰咳嗽;C项属热邪炽盛,内壅肺脏,肺气上逆而为咳嗽,炼液为痰,则咳痰黄稠;D项燥邪易伤肺津,由于肺津受伤,肺失滋润,清肃失职,故咳嗽,痰少难咳;E项属痰湿阻肺致肺气上逆,故咳嗽,痰多易咳。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "具有利湿退黄,解毒消肿功效的药物是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "茵陈",
85
+ "B": "萆薢",
86
+ "C": "虎杖",
87
+ "D": "地肤子",
88
+ "E": "金钱草"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "E",
91
+ "reason": "茵陈利湿退黄,解毒疗疮。草游利湿去浊,祛风除痹。虎杖利湿去黄,清热解毒,散瘀止痛,化痰止咳。地肤子利尿通淋,清热利湿,止痒。金钱草利湿退黄利尿通淋,解毒消肿,"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "具有利湿退黄,散瘀止痛功效的药物是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "茵陈",
98
+ "B": "萆薢",
99
+ "C": "虎杖",
100
+ "D": "地肤子",
101
+ "E": "金钱草"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "C",
104
+ "reason": "茵陈利湿退黄,解毒疗疮。草游利湿去浊,祛风除痹。虎杖利湿去黄,清热解毒,散瘀止痛,化痰止咳。地肤子利尿通淋,清热利湿,止痒。金钱草利湿退黄利尿通淋,解毒消肿,"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "颈项强直,角弓反张多见于",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "阴虚动风证",
111
+ "B": "血虚生风证",
112
+ "C": "肝阳化风证",
113
+ "D": "热极生风证",
114
+ "E": "外感风邪证"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "D",
117
+ "reason": "肝阳化风证临床表现:眩晕欲仆,步履不稳,头胀头痛,急躁易怒,耳鸣,项强,头摇,肢体震颤,手足麻木,语言謇涩,面赤,舌红,或有苔腻,脉弦细有力。甚至突然昏仆,口眼喝斜,半身不遂,舌强语塞。热极生风以手足抽搐,颈项强直,两目上视,角弓反张等表现多见。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "眩晕欲仆,肢体麻木多见于",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "阴虚动风证",
124
+ "B": "血虚生风证",
125
+ "C": "肝阳化风证",
126
+ "D": "热极生风证",
127
+ "E": "外感风邪证"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "C",
130
+ "reason": "肝阳化风证临床表现:眩晕欲仆,步履不稳,头胀头痛,急躁易怒,耳鸣,项强,头摇,肢体震颤,手足麻木,语言謇涩,面赤,舌红,或有苔腻,脉弦细有力。甚至突然昏仆,口眼喝斜,半身不遂,舌强语塞。热极生风以手足抽搐,颈项强直,两目上视,角弓反张等表现多见。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "具有凉血退蒸,清泄肺热功效的药物是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "地骨皮",
137
+ "B": "青蒿",
138
+ "C": "白薇",
139
+ "D": "银柴胡",
140
+ "E": "胡黄连"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": "地骨皮可凉血除蒸,清肺降火。青蒿可清透虚热,凉血除蒸,解暑,截疟。白被可清热凉血,利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。银柴胡可清虚热,除疳热,凉血,解暑。胡黄连可退虚热,除疳热,清湿热。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "具有退虚热,凉血,解暑功效的药物是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "地骨皮",
150
+ "B": "青蒿",
151
+ "C": "白薇",
152
+ "D": "银柴胡",
153
+ "E": "胡黄连"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "B",
156
+ "reason": "地骨皮可凉血除蒸,清肺降火。青蒿可清透虚热,凉血除蒸,解暑,截疟。白被可清热凉血,利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。银柴胡可清虚热,除疳热,凉血,解暑。胡黄连可退虚热,除疳热,清湿热。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "柏子仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "平喘",
163
+ "B": "通便",
164
+ "C": "敛汗",
165
+ "D": "消食",
166
+ "E": "利尿"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "B",
169
+ "reason": "柏子仁养心安神润肠通便。酸枣仁养心益肝,安神,敛汗。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "酸枣仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "平喘",
176
+ "B": "通便",
177
+ "C": "敛汗",
178
+ "D": "消食",
179
+ "E": "利尿"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "C",
182
+ "reason": "柏子仁养心安神润肠通便。酸枣仁养心益肝,安神,敛汗。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "脾病及肾,体现的关系是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "母病及子",
189
+ "B": "子病及母",
190
+ "C": "相乘传变",
191
+ "D": "相侮传变",
192
+ "E": "母子同病"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "C",
195
+ "reason": "相乘,即相克太过,五行相克顺序为木→土→水→火→金-木,对应五脏的相乘次序为肝→脾→肾→>心→肺->肝。相侮次序与相乘次序相反。相侮,即反克。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "土壅木郁,体现的关系是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "母病及子",
202
+ "B": "子病及母",
203
+ "C": "相乘传变",
204
+ "D": "相侮传变",
205
+ "E": "母子同病"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "D",
208
+ "reason": "相乘,即相克太过,五行相克顺序为木→土→水→火→金-木,对应五脏的相乘次序为肝→脾→肾→>心→肺->肝。相侮次序与相乘次序相反。相侮,即反克。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "能止咳平喘,润肠通便,但有小毒的药物是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "葶苈子",
215
+ "B": "杏仁",
216
+ "C": "白芥子",
217
+ "D": "黄药子",
218
+ "E": "紫苏子"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "B",
221
+ "reason": "葶苈子能泻肺平喘,利水消肿;杏仁能止咳平喘、润肠通便,但有小毒;白芥子可以温肺化痰,利气散结,通络止痛;黄药子偏重于消痰软坚散结,清热解毒;紫苏子偏于降气化痰,止咳平喘,润肠通便,且无毒性。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "治疗水肿湿热壅盛证,应首选",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "疏凿饮子",
228
+ "B": "八正散",
229
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
230
+ "D": "加味二妙散",
231
+ "E": "薏苡仁汤"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "A",
234
+ "reason": "疏凿饮子,攻逐水湿,分治表里水湿,使蓄积之水从二便排出。加味二妙散,清利湿热,补肾通脉,用于湿热内盛兼见虚火之痿证。B项治疗热淋;C项治疗肝胆湿热证;E项治疗着痹。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "能止咳平喘,润肠通便,且无毒性的药物是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "葶苈子",
241
+ "B": "杏仁",
242
+ "C": "白芥子",
243
+ "D": "黄药子",
244
+ "E": "紫苏子"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "E",
247
+ "reason": "葶苈子能泻肺平喘,利水消肿;杏仁能止咳平喘、润肠通便,但有小毒;白芥子可以温肺化痰,利气散结,通络止痛;黄药子偏重于消痰软坚散结,清热解毒;紫苏子偏于降气化痰,止咳平喘,润肠通便,且无毒性���"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "治疗湿热浸淫之痿证,应首选",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "疏凿饮子",
254
+ "B": "八正散",
255
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
256
+ "D": "加味二妙散",
257
+ "E": "薏苡仁汤"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": "疏凿饮子,攻逐水湿,分治表里水湿,使蓄积之水从二便排出。加味二妙散,清利湿热,补肾通脉,用于湿热内盛兼见虚火之痿证。B项治疗热淋;C项治疗肝胆湿热证;E项治疗着痹。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "患者高热不退,手足抽搐,有时神昏,舌绛而干,脉弦数。治疗应选用",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "羚角钩藤汤",
267
+ "B": "大定风珠",
268
+ "C": "天麻钩藤饮",
269
+ "D": "消风散",
270
+ "E": "镇肝熄风汤"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "A",
273
+ "reason": "根据题干所述,可以明确125题为肝热生风证,126题为湿疹治疗应分别选用能凉肝息风、增液舒筋的羚角钩藤汤和疏风养血、清热除湿的消风散。大定风珠的功用是滋阴息风,适用于治疗阴虚动风证。天麻钩藤饮的功用是平肝息风,清热活血,补益肝肾,适用于治疗肝阳偏亢,肝风上扰证。镇肝熄风汤的功用是镇肝熄风,滋阴潜阳,适用于治疗类中风。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "治疗痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤",
280
+ "B": "清金化痰汤",
281
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
282
+ "D": "黛蛤散合加减泻白散",
283
+ "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "A",
286
+ "reason": "痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽应燥湿化痰,理气止咳,代表方剂是二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤加减。肝火犯肺型咳嗽应清肺泻肝,顺火降气,代表方剂是黛蛤散合加减泻白散加减。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "患者皮肤疹出色红,瘙痒,抓破后渗出津水,舌苔白,脉浮数有力。治疗应选用",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "羚角钩藤汤",
293
+ "B": "大定风珠",
294
+ "C": "天麻钩藤饮",
295
+ "D": "消风散",
296
+ "E": "镇肝熄风汤"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "D",
299
+ "reason": "根据题干所述,可以明确125题为肝热生风证,126题为湿疹治疗应分别选用能凉肝息风、增液舒筋的羚角钩藤汤和疏风养血、清热除湿的消风散。大定风珠的功用是滋阴息风,适用于治疗阴虚动风证。天麻钩藤饮的功用是平肝息风,清热活血,补益肝肾,适用于治疗肝阳偏亢,肝风上扰证。镇肝熄风汤的功用是镇肝熄风,滋阴潜阳,适用于治疗类中风。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "治疗肝火犯肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤",
306
+ "B": "清金化痰汤",
307
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
308
+ "D": "黛蛤散合加减泻白散",
309
+ "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽应燥湿化痰,理气止咳,代表方剂是二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤加减。肝火犯肺型咳嗽应清肺泻肝,顺火降气,代表方剂是黛蛤散合加减泻白散加减。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "治疗风疹的代表方剂是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "六一散",
319
+ "B": "当归六黄汤",
320
+ "C": "消风散",
321
+ "D": "龙胆泻肝汤",
322
+ "E": "香薷散"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "C",
325
+ "reason": "六一散主治感暑夹湿,暑湿下注证;当归六黄汤主治阴虚火扰之盗汗;消风散主治风毒湿热之风疹、湿疹;龙胆泻肝汤主治肝胆实火上类证、肝经湿热下注证。香蕾散主治夏月伤于寒湿之阴暑证"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "胃痛暴作,畏寒喜暖,脘腹得温则痛减,口淡不渴,喜热饮,舌苔薄白,脉弦紧,其治法是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "健脾化湿",
332
+ "B": "温中健脾",
333
+ "C": "温中补肾",
334
+ "D": "散寒止痛",
335
+ "E": "散寒除湿"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "D",
338
+ "reason": "胃痛暴作是由于寒邪犯胃或饮食生冷,寒积于胃,寒凝气滞,不通则痛所致;恶寒喜暖,得温则痛减,遇寒加重,由于寒遏胃肠,温则寒散,寒则增其邪势;胃无热邪则口淡不渴;由于热能胜寒则喜热饮;苔薄白为寒痛之象;脉弦紧,弦脉主痛,紧脉主寒。辨证分析为寒邪客胃证,治宜散寒止痛。胃痛隐隐、绵绵不休为脾胃虚寒,胃络失于温养;喜温喜按为虚则喜按,寒则喜暖;空腹痛甚、得食痛减是因胃络借饮食之暖,以温通血脉;时呕清水、神疲纳少、四肢倦怠乏力是因为脾运迟缓,水饮停留,胃虚和降无权;大便溏薄、舌淡、脉软弱为中虚有寒、脾阳虚弱之象。辨证分析为脾胃虚寒证,治宜温中健脾,和胃止痛。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "治疗湿疹的代表方剂是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "六一散",
345
+ "B": "当归六黄汤",
346
+ "C": "消风散",
347
+ "D": "龙胆泻肝汤",
348
+ "E": "香薷散"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "六一散主治感暑夹湿,暑湿下注证;当归六黄汤主治阴虚火扰之盗汗;消风散主治风毒湿热之风疹、湿疹;龙胆泻肝汤主治肝胆实火上类证、肝经湿热下注证。香蕾散主治夏月伤于寒湿之阴暑证"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "胃痛隐隐,喜温喜按,空腹痛甚,得食痛减,泛吐清水,神疲乏力,大便溏薄,舌淡苔白,脉迟缓,其治法是",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "健脾化湿",
358
+ "B": "温中健脾",
359
+ "C": "温中补肾",
360
+ "D": "散寒止痛",
361
+ "E": "散寒除湿"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "B",
364
+ "reason": "胃痛暴作是由于寒邪犯胃或饮食生冷,寒积于胃,寒凝气滞,不通则痛所致;恶寒喜暖,得温则痛减,遇寒加重,由于寒遏胃肠,温则寒散,寒则增其邪势;胃无热邪则口淡不渴;由于热能胜寒则喜热饮;苔薄白为寒痛之象;脉弦紧,弦脉主痛,紧脉主寒。辨证分析为寒邪客胃证,治宜散寒止痛。胃痛隐隐、绵绵不休为脾胃虚寒,胃络失于温养;喜温喜按为虚则喜按,寒则喜暖;空腹痛甚、得食痛减是因胃络借饮食之暖,以温通血脉;时呕清水、神疲纳少、四肢倦怠乏力是因为脾运迟缓,水饮停留,胃虚和降无权;大便溏薄、舌淡、脉软弱为中虚有寒、脾阳虚弱之象。辨证分析为脾胃虚寒证,治宜温中健脾,和胃止痛。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "治疗虚热肺痿,应首先考虑的方剂是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "清燥救肺汤",
371
+ "B": "炙甘草汤",
372
+ "C": "麦门冬汤",
373
+ "D": "大补阴丸",
374
+ "E": "养阴清肺汤"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "C",
377
+ "reason": "炙甘草汤为阴阳气血双补之剂,既能治疗阴血不足、阳气虚弱证,又能治疗虚劳肺癌证;麦门冬汤清养肺胃,降逆下气,主治虚热肺痿证及胃阴不足证。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "血栓性外痔好发于肛门齿线下",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "截石位3、7、11点",
384
+ "B": "截石位3、9点",
385
+ "C": "截石位6、12点",
386
+ "D": "截石位6、7点",
387
+ "E": "截石位9、12点"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "B",
390
+ "reason": "肛门病的部位常用膀胱截石位表示,以时钟面的十二等分标记法,将肛门分成12个部位。会阴部正中称12点,骶尾部正中称6点,其余依次类推。血栓性外痔好发于夏季,多发生肛缘截石位3、9点处。内痔是好发于截石位的3、7、11点处,又称为母痔区。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "治疗虚劳肺痿,应首先考虑的方剂是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "清燥救肺汤",
397
+ "B": "炙甘草汤",
398
+ "C": "麦门冬汤",
399
+ "D": "大补阴丸",
400
+ "E": "养阴清肺汤"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "炙甘草汤为阴阳气血双补之剂,既能治疗阴血不足、阳气虚弱证,又能治疗虚劳肺癌证;麦门冬汤清养肺胃,降逆下气,主治虚热肺痿证及胃阴不足证。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "内痔好发于肛门齿线上",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "截石位3、7、11点",
410
+ "B": "截石位3、9点",
411
+ "C": "截石位6、12点",
412
+ "D": "截石位6、7点",
413
+ "E": "截石位9、12点"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "A",
416
+ "reason": "肛门病的部位常用膀胱截石位表示,以时钟面的十二等分标记法,将肛门分成12个部位。会阴部正中称12点,骶尾部正中称6点,其余依次类推。血栓性外痔好发于夏季,多发生肛缘截石位3、9点处。内痔是好发于截石位的3、7、11点处,又称为母痔区。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "邪气入经,指纹的表现是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "显于风关",
423
+ "B": "达于气关",
424
+ "C": "达于命关",
425
+ "D": "透关射甲",
426
+ "E": "未超风关"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "B",
429
+ "reason": "指纹显于风关,是邪气入络,邪浅病轻,可见于外感初起。指纹达于气关,是邪气入经,邪深病重。指纹达于命关,是邪入脏腑,病情严重。指纹直达指端(称透关射甲),提示病情凶险,预后不良。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "淋病,尿道口红肿,尿液浑浊如脂,尿急,尿频,尿痛,其证候是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "血热内蕴证",
436
+ "B": "湿热毒蕴证",
437
+ "C": "毒邪流窜证",
438
+ "D": "热毒蕴积证",
439
+ "E": "阴虚毒恋证"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "B",
442
+ "reason": "淋病分两型,湿热毒蕴证(急性淋病)表现:尿道口红肿,尿液浑浊如脂,尿急,尿频,尿痛;阴虚毒恋型(慢性淋病)表现:小便短涩,淋漓不尽,白带增多,腰酸腿软,五心烦热。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "邪入脏腑,病情严重者,指纹的表现是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "显于风关",
449
+ "B": "达于气关",
450
+ "C": "达于命关",
451
+ "D": "透关射甲",
452
+ "E": "未超风关"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "C",
455
+ "reason": "指纹显于风关,是邪气入络,邪浅病轻,可见于外感初起。指纹达于气关,是邪气入经,邪深病重。指纹达于命关,是邪入脏腑,病情严重。指纹直达指端(称透关射甲),提示病情凶险,预后不良。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "淋病,小便短涩,淋沥不尽,白带增多,腰酸腿软,五心烦热,其证候是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "血热内蕴证",
462
+ "B": "湿热毒蕴证",
463
+ "C": "毒邪流窜证",
464
+ "D": "热毒蕴积证",
465
+ "E": "阴虚毒恋证"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "E",
468
+ "reason": "淋病分两型,湿热毒蕴证(急性淋病)表现:尿道口红肿,尿液浑浊如脂,尿急,尿频,尿痛;阴虚毒恋型(慢性淋病)表现:小便短涩,淋漓不尽,白带增多,腰酸腿软,五心烦热。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "第9胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸的腧穴是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "肝俞",
475
+ "B": "心俞",
476
+ "C": "脾俞",
477
+ "D": "肺俞",
478
+ "E": "肾俞"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "A",
481
+ "reason": "俞穴是脏腑之气输注之处,均位于腰背部。俞穴分布在足太阳膀胱经,肝俞当第9胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肾俞当第2腰椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;脾俞当第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肺俞当第3胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;心俞当第5胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "泌尿、男性疾病肝经湿热证的临床特点是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节,皮色不变,亦不疼痛",
488
+ "B": "尿急尿频,尿液黄赤,茎中热痛,精液赤浊,舌红苔黄腻",
489
+ "C": "阴囊红肿热痛,肾子肿痛,小便短赤,口苦纳呆,苔黄腻",
490
+ "D": "肾子硬结,少腹或会阴胀痛,排尿困难或闭塞不通,舌暗或有瘀点、瘀斑",
491
+ "E": "阴囊内积水,口干少津,大便秘结,舌干苔腻"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "C",
494
+ "reason": "肝经循行环绕阴部,至小腹,故阴囊红肿热痛;肝经影响胆经,故患者口苦;苔黄腻,小便短赤均为湿热表现。脾经出现病变,津液运化失常,故可出现口干少津,大便秘结而阴囊内却有积水。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸的腧穴是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "肝俞",
501
+ "B": "心俞",
502
+ "C": "脾俞",
503
+ "D": "肺俞",
504
+ "E": "肾俞"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "C",
507
+ "reason": "俞穴是脏腑之气输注之处,均位于腰背部。俞穴分布在足太阳膀胱经,肝俞当第9胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肾俞当第2腰椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;脾俞当第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肺俞当第3胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;心俞当第5胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "泌尿、男性疾病脾经湿热证的临床特点是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节,皮色不变,亦不疼痛",
514
+ "B": "尿急尿频,尿液黄赤,茎中热痛,精液赤浊,舌红苔黄腻",
515
+ "C": "阴囊红肿热痛,肾子肿痛,小便短赤,口苦纳呆,苔黄腻",
516
+ "D": "肾子硬结,少腹或会阴胀痛,排尿困难或闭塞不通,舌暗或有瘀点、瘀斑",
517
+ "E": "阴囊内积水,口干少津,大便秘结,舌干苔腻"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "E",
520
+ "reason": "肝经循行环绕阴部,至小腹,故阴囊红肿热痛;肝经影响胆经,故患者口苦;苔黄腻,小便短赤均为湿热表现。脾经出现病变,津液运化失常,故可出现口干少津,大便秘结而阴囊内却有积水。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "鹅口疮心脾积热证症见",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "口舌白屑满布",
527
+ "B": "口舌白屑散在",
528
+ "C": "舌如草莓",
529
+ "D": "舌起芒刺",
530
+ "E": "恶寒发热"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": "本题考查鹅口疮的临床表现。鹅口疮心脾积热证症见口舌白盾满布。鹅口疮虚火上浮证症见口舌白盾散在。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
540
+ "B": "启宫丸",
541
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
542
+ "D": "乌药汤",
543
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "月经过少血瘀证由瘀血内停、阻于冲任造成,其治疗法则为活血化瘀,理气调经。桃红四物汤贵在理气调经,活血消瘀。月经过少痰湿证由痰湿内停、冲任受阻造成,其治疗法则为祛湿化痰,理气调经。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "鹅口疮虚火上浮证症见",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "口舌白屑满布",
553
+ "B": "口舌白屑散在",
554
+ "C": "舌如草莓",
555
+ "D": "舌起芒刺",
556
+ "E": "恶寒发热"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "B",
559
+ "reason": "本题考查鹅口疮的临床表现。鹅口疮心脾积热证症见口舌白盾满布。鹅口疮虚火上浮证症见口舌白盾散在。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "治疗月经过少痰湿证,应首选",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
566
+ "B": "启宫丸",
567
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
568
+ "D": "乌药汤",
569
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "月经过少血瘀证由瘀血内停、阻于冲任造成,其治疗法则为活血化瘀,理气调经。桃红四物汤贵在理气调经,活血消瘀。月经过少痰湿证由痰湿内停、冲任受阻造成,其治疗法则为祛湿化痰,理气调经。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "曲池在五输穴中,属于",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "井穴",
579
+ "B": "荥穴",
580
+ "C": "合穴",
581
+ "D": "经穴",
582
+ "E": "输穴"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "C",
585
+ "reason": "曲池为手阳明大肠经合穴,手阳明大肠经井、荥、输、经、合穴分别为商阳、二间、三间、阳溪、曲池。太溪为足少阴肾经输穴,足少阴肾经井、荣、输、经、合穴分别为涌泉、然谷、太溪、复溜、阴谷"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽心阳虚衰型应首选的方剂是",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "参附汤合桂枝汤",
592
+ "B": "黄连解毒汤合麻杏石甘汤",
593
+ "C": "羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸",
594
+ "D": "温胆汤合安宫牛黄丸",
595
+ "E": "参附龙牡救逆汤"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "E",
598
+ "reason": "肺炎喘嗽心阳虚衰型证候:面色苍白,口唇紫绀,呼吸浅促,四肢厥冷,虚烦不安或神萎淡漠,舌质略紫,苔薄白,脉细弱而数,指纹紫滞,可达命关。治法:温补心阳,救逆固脱。主方:参附龙牡救逆汤。肺炎喘嗽邪陷厥阴型证候:壮热烦躁,口唇紫绀,气促,喉间痰鸣,烦躁不安,神昏谵语,双目上视,舌红苔黄,指纹青紫,可达命关,或透关射甲。治法:平肝息风,清心开窍。主方:羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "太溪在五输穴中,属于",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "井穴",
605
+ "B": "荥穴",
606
+ "C": "合穴",
607
+ "D": "经穴",
608
+ "E": "输穴"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "E",
611
+ "reason": "曲池为手阳明大肠经合穴,手阳明大肠经井、荥、输、经、合穴分别为商阳、二间、三间、阳溪、曲池。太溪为足少阴肾经输穴,足少阴肾经井、荣、输、经、合穴分别为涌泉、然谷、太溪、复溜、阴谷"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽邪陷厥阴型应首选的方剂是",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "参附汤合桂枝汤",
618
+ "B": "黄连解毒汤合麻杏石甘汤",
619
+ "C": "羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸",
620
+ "D": "温胆汤合安宫牛黄丸",
621
+ "E": "参附龙牡救逆汤"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "C",
624
+ "reason": "肺炎喘嗽心阳虚衰型证候:面色苍白,口唇紫绀,呼吸浅促,四肢厥冷,虚烦不安或神萎淡漠,舌质略紫,苔薄白,脉细弱而数,指纹紫滞,可达命关。治法:温补心阳,救逆固脱。主方:参附龙牡救逆汤。肺炎喘嗽邪陷厥阴型证候:壮热烦躁,口唇紫绀,气促,喉间痰鸣,烦躁不安,神昏谵语,双目上视,舌红苔黄,指纹青紫,可达命关,或透关射甲。治法:平肝息风,清心开窍。主方:羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "肝硬化门静脉高压时出现的是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "蜘蛛痣",
631
+ "B": "脾大",
632
+ "C": "肝掌",
633
+ "D": "扑翼样震颤",
634
+ "E": "出血倾向"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "B",
637
+ "reason": "肝硬化肝功能失代偿期,雌激素失衡,有出血和贫血表现,会出现蜘蛛痣、黄疸等症。门静脉高压时,出现脾大,肝硬化最严重的并发症肝性脑病,会出现扑翼性震颤,易导致患者死亡。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "经间期出血量少,色红质黏腻,胸闷烦躁。治疗应首选",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "知柏地黄汤",
644
+ "B": "清肝止淋汤",
645
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
646
+ "D": "解毒活血汤",
647
+ "E": "逐瘀止血汤"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "B",
650
+ "reason": "“色红质黏腻,胸闷烦躁”—湿热证典型表现,故139题为经间期出血之湿热证,治以清利湿热,固冲止血,代表方为清肝止淋汤(去阿胶、红枣,加小蓟、茯苓)。“色紫黑,有小血块,少腹胀痛”—血瘀证典型表现,故140题为经间期出血之血瘀��,治以化瘀止血,代表方为逐瘀止血汤。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "肝硬化合并肝性脑病的特殊体征是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "蜘蛛痣",
657
+ "B": "脾大",
658
+ "C": "肝掌",
659
+ "D": "扑翼样震颤",
660
+ "E": "出血倾向"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "D",
663
+ "reason": "肝硬化肝功能失代偿期,雌激素失衡,有出血和贫血表现,会出现蜘蛛痣、黄疸等症。门静脉高压时,出现脾大,肝硬化最严重的并发症肝性脑病,会出现扑翼性震颤,易导致患者死亡。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "经间期出血量少,色紫黑,有小血块,少腹胀痛。治疗应首选",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "知柏地黄汤",
670
+ "B": "清肝止淋汤",
671
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
672
+ "D": "解毒活血汤",
673
+ "E": "逐瘀止血汤"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "E",
676
+ "reason": "“色红质黏腻,胸闷烦躁”—湿热证典型表现,故139题为经间期出血之湿热证,治以清利湿热,固冲止血,代表方为清肝止淋汤(去阿胶、红枣,加小蓟、茯苓)。“色紫黑,有小血块,少腹胀痛”—血瘀证典型表现,故140题为经间期出血之血瘀证,治以化瘀止血,代表方为逐瘀止血汤。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "法的各种具体表现形式是指",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "法律的渊源",
683
+ "B": "法律的规范",
684
+ "C": "卫生法",
685
+ "D": "卫生法律",
686
+ "E": "卫生法规"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "A",
689
+ "reason": "卫生法渊源也叫作法律形式,是法的各种具体表现形式。包括宪法、卫生法律、卫生行政法规、卫生行政规章、地方性卫生法规、民族自治地方的卫生自治条例与单行条例、地方性卫生规章、卫生国际条约等。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "外感风热病人,可见的症状是",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "鼻孔咽喉干燥",
696
+ "B": "鼻塞流浊涕",
697
+ "C": "鼻流浊涕腥臭",
698
+ "D": "鼻血鲜红",
699
+ "E": "鼻塞流清涕"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "B",
702
+ "reason": "鼻孔咽喉干燥见于阴虚;鼻塞流浊涕见于外感风热或肺胃蕴热;鼻流腥臭脓涕,日久不愈者,见于鼻渊;鼻腔出血见于肺胃蕴热,或阴虚肺燥;鼻流清涕见于外感风寒或阳气虚弱。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "法律形式也叫作",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "法律的渊源",
709
+ "B": "法律的规范",
710
+ "C": "卫生法",
711
+ "D": "卫生法律",
712
+ "E": "卫生法规"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "A",
715
+ "reason": "卫生法渊源也叫作法律形式,是法的各种具体表现形式。包括宪法、卫生法律、卫生行政法规、卫生行政规章、地方性卫生法规、民族自治地方的卫生自治条例与单行条例、地方性卫生规章、卫生国际条约等。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "鼻渊病人,可见的症状是",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "鼻孔咽喉干燥",
722
+ "B": "鼻塞流浊涕",
723
+ "C": "鼻流浊涕腥臭",
724
+ "D": "鼻血鲜红",
725
+ "E": "鼻塞流清涕"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "鼻孔咽喉干燥见于阴虚;鼻塞流浊涕见于外感风热或肺胃蕴热;鼻流腥臭脓涕,日久不愈者,见于鼻渊;鼻腔出血见于肺胃蕴热,或阴虚肺燥;鼻流清涕见于外感风寒或阳气虚弱。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "可以双方当事人协商解决",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "医疗事故赔偿",
735
+ "B": "申请再次鉴定",
736
+ "C": "处理医疗事故工作",
737
+ "D": "首次医疗事故技术鉴定工作",
738
+ "E": "再次医疗事故技术鉴定工作"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "A",
741
+ "reason": "医疗事故赔偿有争白行快市解法的医定机拍当自协商解决之日起7日内向所在地卫生行政部门作出书面报告,并附具协议书。卫生行政部门应当依照本条例和有关法律、行政法规、部门规章的规定,对发生医疗事故的医疗机构和医务人员作出行政处理"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能消骨鲠的药物是",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "威灵仙",
748
+ "B": "防己",
749
+ "C": "狗脊",
750
+ "D": "独活",
751
+ "E": "木瓜"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "A",
754
+ "reason": "独活祛风湿,止痹痛,解表,尤其善治下半身风湿痹痛;防己祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿;威灵仙祛风湿,通经络,消骨鲠;木瓜舒筋活络,除湿和胃;狗脊祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "卫生行政部门负责",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "医疗事故赔偿",
761
+ "B": "申请再次鉴定",
762
+ "C": "处理医疗事故工作",
763
+ "D": "首次医疗事故技术鉴定工作",
764
+ "E": "再次医疗事故技术鉴定工作"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "C",
767
+ "reason": "医疗事故��偿有争白行快市解法的医定机拍当自协商解决之日起7日内向所在地卫生行政部门作出书面报告,并附具协议书。卫生行政部门应当依照本条例和有关法律、行政法规、部门规章的规定,对发生医疗事故的医疗机构和医务人员作出行政处理"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能强腰膝的药物是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "威灵仙",
774
+ "B": "防己",
775
+ "C": "狗脊",
776
+ "D": "独活",
777
+ "E": "木瓜"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "C",
780
+ "reason": "独活祛风湿,止痹痛,解表,尤其善治下半身风湿痹痛;防己祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿;威灵仙祛风湿,通经络,消骨鲠;木瓜舒筋活络,除湿和胃;狗脊祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "阿托品是对抗有机磷杀虫药中毒的",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "毒蕈碱样症状",
787
+ "B": "烟碱样症状",
788
+ "C": "休克",
789
+ "D": "心力衰竭",
790
+ "E": "呼吸衰竭"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱的作用,缓解毒革碱样症状及中枢神经系统症状,对烟碱样症状无效,不能恢复胆碱酯酶活力。胆碱酯酶复能剂可恢复被抑制的胆碱酯酶的活性,并可缓解烟碱样症状。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "心绞痛与急性心肌梗死的主要鉴别依据是",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "胸痛的部位",
800
+ "B": "胸痛的性质",
801
+ "C": "胸痛持续的时间",
802
+ "D": "心电图检查",
803
+ "E": "红细胞沉降率"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "D",
806
+ "reason": "急性心肌梗死心电图出现病理性Q波,心绞痛仅为ST段改变;心绞痛胸痛持续3分钟,心脏神经官能症持续的时间较长。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "胆碱酯酶复能剂是解除有机磷杀虫药中毒的",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "毒蕈碱样症状",
813
+ "B": "烟碱样症状",
814
+ "C": "休克",
815
+ "D": "心力衰竭",
816
+ "E": "呼吸衰竭"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "B",
819
+ "reason": "阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱的作用,缓解毒革碱样症状及中枢神经系统症状,对烟碱样症状无效,不能恢复胆碱酯酶活力。胆碱酯酶复能剂可恢复被抑制的胆碱酯酶的活性,并可缓解烟碱样症状。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "心绞痛与心脏神经官能症的主要鉴别依据是",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "胸痛的部位",
826
+ "B": "胸痛的性质",
827
+ "C": "胸痛持续的时间",
828
+ "D": "心电图检查",
829
+ "E": "红细胞沉降率"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "C",
832
+ "reason": "急性心肌梗死心电图出现病理性Q波,心绞痛仅为ST段改变;心绞痛胸痛持续3分钟,心脏神经官能症持续的时间较长。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "流行性出血热治疗原则为\"稳、促、导、透\"的时期是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "发热期",
839
+ "B": "低血压休克期",
840
+ "C": "少尿期",
841
+ "D": "多尿期",
842
+ "E": "恢复期"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "C",
845
+ "reason": "流行性出血热治疗原则。①发热期:控制感染,减轻外渗,改善中毒症状和预防DIC;②低血压休克期:积极补充血容量,注意纠正酸中毒和改善微循环功能;③少尿期:“稳、促、导、透”;④多尿期:移行期和多尿早期的治疗同少尿期。多尿后期主要是维持水和电解质平衡,防治继发感染。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "从耳后,入耳中至目外眦之下的经脉是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
852
+ "B": "手阳明大肠经",
853
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
854
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
855
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "D",
858
+ "reason": "手少阳三焦经,从耳后分出,进入耳中,再浅出到耳前,经上关、面颊到目外眦。手太阳小肠经,从缺盆分出,沿着颈部,上达面颊,到目外眦,向后进入耳中。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "流行性出血热治疗原则为补充血容量,纠正酸中毒,改善微循环的时期是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "发热期",
865
+ "B": "低血压休克期",
866
+ "C": "少尿期",
867
+ "D": "多尿期",
868
+ "E": "恢复期"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "B",
871
+ "reason": "流行性出血热治疗原则。①发热期:控制感染,减轻外渗,改善中毒症状和预防DIC;②低血压休克期:积极补充血容量,注意纠正酸中毒和改善微循环功能;③少尿期:“稳、促、导、透”;④多尿期:移行期和多尿早期的治疗同少尿期。多尿后期主要是维持水和电解质平衡,防治继发感染。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "至目外眦,转入耳中的经脉是",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
878
+ "B": "手阳明大肠经",
879
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
880
+ "D": "���少阳三焦经",
881
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "E",
884
+ "reason": "手少阳三焦经,从耳后分出,进入耳中,再浅出到耳前,经上关、面颊到目外眦。手太阳小肠经,从缺盆分出,沿着颈部,上达面颊,到目外眦,向后进入耳中。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "丙型肝炎病毒复制的直接标志是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "乙型肝炎病毒e抗体阳性",
891
+ "B": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
892
+ "C": "乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
893
+ "D": "乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性",
894
+ "E": "丙型肝炎抗体阳性"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "B",
897
+ "reason": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒感染和复制的直接标志。乙型肝类病毒表面抗原阳性反应HBV感染,阴性不能排除HBV感染;乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性表示病毒复制活跃且有较强的传染性:乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒复制和传染性的直接标志。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "眩晕兼见头重如裹,胸闷恶心,神疲困倦,舌胖,苔白腻,脉濡滑,可在主方的基础上加",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "气海、脾俞、胃俞",
904
+ "B": "太溪、悬钟、三阴交",
905
+ "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
906
+ "D": "头维、丰隆、中脘",
907
+ "E": "风池、百会、内关、太冲"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "D",
910
+ "reason": "眩晕兼见头重如裹,胸闷恶心,神疲困倦,舌胖,苔白腻,脉濡滑,为痰湿中阻证,治疗应加头维、丰隆、中脘健脾化痰祛湿。眩晕兼见耳鸣,腰膝酸软,遗精,舌淡,脉沉细,为肾精亏损证,治疗应加太溪、悬钟、三阴交补肾益精。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "乙型肝炎病毒复制的直接标志是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "乙型肝炎病毒e抗体阳性",
917
+ "B": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
918
+ "C": "乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
919
+ "D": "乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性",
920
+ "E": "丙型肝炎抗体阳性"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "C",
923
+ "reason": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒感染和复制的直接标志。乙型肝类病毒表面抗原阳性反应HBV感染,阴性不能排除HBV感染;乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性表示病毒复制活跃且有较强的传染性:乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒复制和传染性的直接标志。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "眩晕兼见耳鸣,腰膝酸软,遗精,舌淡,脉沉细,可在主方的基础上加",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "气海、脾俞、胃俞",
930
+ "B": "太溪、悬钟、三阴交",
931
+ "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
932
+ "D": "头维、丰隆、中脘",
933
+ "E": "风池、百会、内关、太冲"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "B",
936
+ "reason": "眩晕兼见头重如裹,胸闷恶心,神疲困倦,舌胖,苔白腻,脉濡滑,为痰湿中阻证,治疗应加头维、丰隆、中脘健脾化痰祛湿。眩晕兼见耳鸣,腰膝酸软,遗精,舌淡,脉沉细,为肾精亏损证,治疗应加太溪、悬钟、三阴交补肾益精。"
937
+ }
938
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "“气之本“指的是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "肝",
7
+ "B": "心",
8
+ "C": "脾",
9
+ "D": "肺",
10
+ "E": "肾"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "D",
13
+ "reason": "《素问。六节藏象论》;“肺者,气之本。《类证治裁,喘证》:“肾为气之根。“"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "“气之根”指的是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "肝",
20
+ "B": "心",
21
+ "C": "脾",
22
+ "D": "肺",
23
+ "E": "肾"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "E",
26
+ "reason": "《素问。六节藏象论》;“肺者,气之本。《类证治裁,喘证》:“肾为气之根。“"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "五脏与五志的关系中,在志为怒的是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "心",
33
+ "B": "肝",
34
+ "C": "脾",
35
+ "D": "肺",
36
+ "E": "肾"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "B",
39
+ "reason": "心在志为喜,肺在志为忧(悲),肝在志为怒,脾在志为思,肾在志为恐。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "五脏与五志的关系中,在志为恐的是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "心",
46
+ "B": "肝",
47
+ "C": "脾",
48
+ "D": "肺",
49
+ "E": "肾"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "E",
52
+ "reason": "心在志为喜,肺在志为忧(悲),肝在志为怒,脾在志为思,肾在志为恐。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "上述各项,行于脉中的是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "元气",
59
+ "B": "宗气",
60
+ "C": "营气",
61
+ "D": "卫气",
62
+ "E": "经气"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "C",
65
+ "reason": "营气行于脉中而有营养作用,卫气行于脉外而有保卫作用。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "上述各项,行于脉外的是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "元气",
72
+ "B": "宗气",
73
+ "C": "营气",
74
+ "D": "卫气",
75
+ "E": "经气"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "营气行于脉中而有营养作用,卫气行于脉外而有保卫作用。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "手三阳经的走向规律是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "从胸走手",
85
+ "B": "从手走头",
86
+ "C": "从头走足",
87
+ "D": "从足走腹",
88
+ "E": "从腹走头"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "十二经脉的走向规律:手三阴经从胸走手;手三阳经从手走头;足三阳经从头走足;足三阴经从足走腹。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "足三阴经的走向规律是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "从胸走手",
98
+ "B": "从手走头",
99
+ "C": "从头走足",
100
+ "D": "从足走腹",
101
+ "E": "从腹走头"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "D",
104
+ "reason": "十二经脉的走向规律:手三阴经从胸走手;手三阳经从手走头;足三阳经从头走足;足三阴经从足走腹。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "上述各项,其致病特点为“一气一病,症状相似\"的是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "六淫",
111
+ "B": "疠气",
112
+ "C": "痰饮",
113
+ "D": "七情内伤",
114
+ "E": "劳逸失度"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "B",
117
+ "reason": "疠气致病特点:发病急骤,病情危笃:传染性强,易于流行:一气一病.症状相似。痰饮致病特点;阻滞气血运行;影响水液代谢;易于蒙蔽心神;致病广泛,变幻多端。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "上述各项,其致病特点为“致病广泛,变幻多端\"的是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "六淫",
124
+ "B": "疠气",
125
+ "C": "痰饮",
126
+ "D": "七情内伤",
127
+ "E": "劳逸失度"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "C",
130
+ "reason": "疠气致病特点:发病急骤,病情危笃:传染性强,易于流行:一气一病.症状相似。痰饮致病特点;阻滞气血运行;影响水液代谢;易于蒙蔽心神;致病广泛,变幻多端。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "“大实有羸状”的病机是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "真虚假实",
137
+ "B": "真实假虚",
138
+ "C": "虚中夹实",
139
+ "D": "实中夹虚",
140
+ "E": "因虚致实"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "B",
143
+ "reason": "真实假虚:本质为“实\"、表现为\"虚“的假象,为“大实有羸状\"。真虚假实:本质为“实虚、表现为\"实“的假象“,韦”至虚有盛候”。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "“至虚有盛候”的病机是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "真虚假实",
150
+ "B": "真实假虚",
151
+ "C": "虚中夹实",
152
+ "D": "实中夹虚",
153
+ "E": "因虚致实"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "A",
156
+ "reason": "真实假虚:本质为“实\"、表现为\"虚“的假象,为“大实有羸状\"。真虚假实:本质为“实虚、表现为\"实“的假象“,韦”至虚有盛候”。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "素体阴虚火旺,复感寒湿之邪的舌象是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "红绛舌,白滑腻苔",
163
+ "B": "绛舌,黄白苔",
164
+ "C": "淡白舌,黄裂苔",
165
+ "D": "淡白��,黄腻苔",
166
+ "E": "红瘦薄舌,黑苔"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "A",
169
+ "reason": "】红绛舌,白滑腻苔,舌色红绛属内热盛,而白滑苔又常见于寒湿内阻,分析其成因可能是由于外感热病,营分有热,故舌色红绛,但气分有湿则苔白滑而腻;又有素体阴虚火旺,复感寒湿之邪或饮食积滞,亦可见红绛舌,白滑腻苔。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "气分有湿,营分有热常见的舌象是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "红绛舌,白滑腻苔",
176
+ "B": "绛舌,黄白苔",
177
+ "C": "淡白舌,黄裂苔",
178
+ "D": "淡白舌,黄腻苔",
179
+ "E": "红瘦薄舌,黑苔"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "A",
182
+ "reason": "】红绛舌,白滑腻苔,舌色红绛属内热盛,而白滑苔又常见于寒湿内阻,分析其成因可能是由于外感热病,营分有热,故舌色红绛,但气分有湿则苔白滑而腻;又有素体阴虚火旺,复感寒湿之邪或饮食积滞,亦可见红绛舌,白滑腻苔。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "疼痛由一处抽掣牵引连及他处,其临床意义是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "气滞作痛",
189
+ "B": "瘀血作痛",
190
+ "C": "经脉失养",
191
+ "D": "阳气不足",
192
+ "E": "阴虚火旺"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "C",
195
+ "reason": "擎痛:抽擎牵引作痛,由一处连及他处,多为经脉失养,或筋脉阻滞不通所致。隐痛:痛势较缓,绵绵不休,多为精血亏虚,或阳气不足,机体失养所致。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "其经脉“入上齿中,还出挟口,环唇”的是()",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "胃经",
202
+ "B": "肾经",
203
+ "C": "小肠经",
204
+ "D": "心经",
205
+ "E": "胆经"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "A",
208
+ "reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻、入上齿,环口夹唇,循喉咙。手太阳小肠经起于小指(少泽穴→腕→前臂外侧缘→肘→上臂外侧后缘→肩胛->大椎……(外眼角)→面颊→目眶下→鼻→内眼角(交足太阳膀胱经)。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "痛势较缓,绵绵不休,喜温喜按,其临床意义是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "气滞作痛",
215
+ "B": "瘀血作痛",
216
+ "C": "经脉失养",
217
+ "D": "阳气不足",
218
+ "E": "阴虚火旺"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "D",
221
+ "reason": "擎痛:抽擎牵引作痛,由一处连及他处,多为经脉失养,或筋脉阻滞不通所致。隐痛:痛势较缓,绵绵不休,多为精血亏虚,或阳气不足,机体失养所致。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "其经脉分支,既至“目锐眦”,又至“目内眦”的是()",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "胃经",
228
+ "B": "肾经",
229
+ "C": "小肠经",
230
+ "D": "心经",
231
+ "E": "胆经"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "C",
234
+ "reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻、入上齿,环口夹唇,循喉咙。手太阳小肠经起于小指(少泽穴→腕→前臂外侧缘→肘→上臂外侧后缘→肩胛->大椎……(外眼角)→面颊→目眶下→鼻→内眼角(交足太阳膀胱经)。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "紧脉的主病是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "邪热尤盛",
241
+ "B": "实寒证",
242
+ "C": "血瘀证",
243
+ "D": "虚阳浮越于外",
244
+ "E": "湿证"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": "紧脉;绷急弹指,状如转索,主实寒证、疼痛、宿食。细脉:脉细如线,应指明显,主气血俱庶,湿证。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "奶麻的特点是()",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "发热3~4天,热退疹出",
254
+ "B": "发热3~4天,皮疹出现,热度增高",
255
+ "C": "发热1天左右出淡红色斑丘疹",
256
+ "D": "发热1~2天,出现斑疹、丘疹、水疱及结痂",
257
+ "E": "发热半天至1天出疹,疹点细小鲜红,颜面无疹"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "A",
260
+ "reason": "若发热3~4天后热退疹出,疹细稠密,如玫瑰红色,常为奶麻。风痧患儿发热1天左右,皮肤出现淡红色斑丘疹,可伴耳后枕部淋巴结肿大。皮疹初见于头面部,迅速向下蔓延,1天内布满躯千和四肢。出疹2~3天后,发热渐退,皮疹逐渐隐没,皮疹消退后,可有皮肤脱盾,但无色素沉着。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "细脉的主病是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "邪热尤盛",
267
+ "B": "实寒证",
268
+ "C": "血瘀证",
269
+ "D": "虚阳浮越于外",
270
+ "E": "湿证"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "E",
273
+ "reason": "紧脉;绷急弹指,状如转索,主实寒证、疼痛、宿食。细脉:脉细如线,应指明显,主气血俱庶,湿证。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "风痧的特点是()",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "发热3~4天,热退疹出",
280
+ "B": "发热3~4天,皮疹出现,热度增高",
281
+ "C": "发热1天左右出淡红色斑丘疹",
282
+ "D": "发热1~2天,出现斑疹、丘疹、水疱及结痂",
283
+ "E": "发热半天至1天出疹,疹点细小鲜红,颜面无疹"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "C",
286
+ "reason": "若发热3~4天后热退疹出,疹细稠密,如玫瑰红色,常为奶麻。风痧患儿发热1天左右,皮肤出现淡红色斑丘疹,可伴耳后枕部淋巴结肿大。皮疹初见于头面部,迅速向下蔓延,1天内布满躯千和四肢。出疹2~3天后,发热渐退,皮疹逐渐隐没,皮疹消退后,可有皮肤脱盾,但无色素沉着。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "真寒假热的面色是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "满面通红",
293
+ "B": "面红如妆",
294
+ "C": "面色紫暗",
295
+ "D": "面呈青色",
296
+ "E": "面呈黑色"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "B",
299
+ "reason": "真寒假热(虚阳浮越证);阴盛格阳、戴阳证;自觉发热,触胸腹无灼热;面红如妆,非满面通红;口渴但不欲饮;便秘但质不燥。真热假寒;阳盛格阴;胸腹灼热,口渴,便黄,舌质红,舌苔黄,脉有力;四肢厥冷,面色紫暗,脉沉迟。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "其病因属感受特殊之毒的是()",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "红丝疔",
306
+ "B": "失荣",
307
+ "C": "漆疮",
308
+ "D": "水火烫伤",
309
+ "E": "酒渣鼻"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "C",
312
+ "reason": "漆疮属于接触性皮炎的一种,主要是感受漆毒引起的。水火烫伤是由于热力外来伤害作用于人体而引起的一种局部或全身急性损伤性疾病。外科疾病的病因大致有外感六淫、情志内伤、饮食不节、外来伤害,劳伤虚损、感受特殊之毒,凝血瘀等7个方面。感受特殊之毒:虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、药毒、食物毒、疫毒、漆毒等。外来伤害:跌仆损伤、水火烫伤、冻伤等。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "真热假寒的面色是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "满面通红",
319
+ "B": "面红如妆",
320
+ "C": "面色紫暗",
321
+ "D": "面呈青色",
322
+ "E": "面呈黑色"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "C",
325
+ "reason": "真寒假热(虚阳浮越证);阴盛格阳、戴阳证;自觉发热,触胸腹无灼热;面红如妆,非满面通红;口渴但不欲饮;便秘但质不燥。真热假寒;阳盛格阴;胸腹灼热,口渴,便黄,舌质红,舌苔黄,脉有力;四肢厥冷,面色紫暗,脉沉迟。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "其病因属外来伤害的是()",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "红丝疔",
332
+ "B": "失荣",
333
+ "C": "漆疮",
334
+ "D": "水火烫伤",
335
+ "E": "酒渣鼻"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "D",
338
+ "reason": "漆疮属于接触性皮炎的一种,主要是感受漆毒引起的。水火烫伤是由于热力外来伤害作用于人体而引起的一种局部或全身急性损伤性疾病。外科疾病的病因大致有外感六淫、情志内伤、饮食不节、外来伤害,劳伤虚损、感受特殊之毒,凝血瘀等7个方面。感受特殊之毒:虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、药毒、食物毒、疫毒、漆毒等。外来伤害:跌仆损伤、水火烫伤、冻伤等。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "上述各项,为气随血脱证临床表现的是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "心悸、气短、失眠",
345
+ "B": "气短乏力,伴出血",
346
+ "C": "大出血后汗出肢厥",
347
+ "D": "乏力,伴腹部刺痛拒按",
348
+ "E": "呼吸微弱,伴大汗出"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "气随血脱证:大出血时,突然面色和蔡白,大汗淋漓,四肢厥冷,呼吸微弱,甚至晕厥,舌质淡,脉微欲绝或见芤脉。气虚血瘀证;面色淡白,神疲乏力,气短懒言,食少纳呆;面色晦滞,局部青紫.肿胀,刺痛不移而拒按,或肢体瘫痪、麻木,或可触及肿块,舌质淡紫或有瘀点、瘀班,脉细涩。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "属于Ⅰ期内痔特点的是()",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "无痔核脱出",
358
+ "B": "便时痔核能脱出肛外、便后能自行还纳",
359
+ "C": "便时痔核经常脫出肛外,不能自行还纳",
360
+ "D": "痔核即脱出肛外,手托亦常不能复位",
361
+ "E": "痔核经常位于肛外,易感染"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "内痔分期:①Ⅰ期内痔无明显自觉症状,痔核小,便时粪便带血,或滴血,量少,无痔核脱出,镜检痔核小,质软色红;②Ⅱ期内痔周期性、无痛性便血,呈滴血或射血状,量较多,痔核较大,便时痔核能脱出肛外,便后能自行还纳;③Ⅲ期内痔便血少或无便血,痔核大,呈灰白色,便时痔核经常脱出肛外,甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门,不能自行还纳,须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位;④Ⅳ期内痔平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱由肛外,手托亦常不能复位。痔核经常位于肛外,易感染,形成水肿、糜烂和坏死,疼病剧烈。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "上述各项,为气虚血瘀证临床表现的是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "心悸、气短、失眠",
371
+ "B": "气短乏力,伴出血",
372
+ "C": "大出血后汗出肢厥",
373
+ "D": "乏力,伴腹部刺痛拒按",
374
+ "E": "呼吸微弱,伴大汗出"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "D",
377
+ "reason": "气随血脱证:大出血时,突然面色和蔡白,大汗淋漓,四肢厥冷,呼吸微弱,甚至晕厥,舌质淡,脉微欲绝或见芤脉。气虚血瘀证;面色淡白,神疲乏力,气短懒言,食少纳呆;面色晦滞,局部青紫.肿胀,刺痛不移而拒按,或肢体瘫痪、麻木,或可触及肿块,舌质淡紫或有瘀点、瘀班,脉细涩。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "属于Ⅱ期内痔特点的是()",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "无痔核脱出",
384
+ "B": "便时痔核能脱出肛外、便后能自行还纳",
385
+ "C": "便时痔核经常脫出肛外,不能自行还纳",
386
+ "D": "痔核即脱出肛外,手托亦常不能复位",
387
+ "E": "痔核经常位于肛外,易感染"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "B",
390
+ "reason": "内痔分期:①Ⅰ期内痔无明显自觉症状,痔核小,便时粪便带血,或滴血,量少,无痔核脱出,镜检痔核小,质软色红;②Ⅱ期内痔周期性、无痛性便血,呈滴血或射血状,量较多,痔核较大,便时痔核能脱出肛外,便后能自行还纳;③Ⅲ期内痔便血少或无便血,痔核大,呈灰白色,便时痔核经常脱出肛外,甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门,不能自行还纳,须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位;④Ⅳ期内痔平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱由肛外,手托亦常不能复位。痔核经常位于肛外,易感染,形成水肿、糜烂和坏死,疼病剧烈。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "上述各项,以胸胁胀痛、情志抑郁、便溏不爽为主要特征的是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "肝胃不和证",
397
+ "B": "肝郁气滞证",
398
+ "C": "肝脾不调证",
399
+ "D": "胃肠气滞证",
400
+ "E": "肝胆湿热证"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "C",
403
+ "reason": "肝脾不调证以胸胁胀痛、情志抑郁、便溏不爽为主受特征,肝胃不和证以脘胁胀痛、嗳气、吞酸、情绪抑郁为主要特征。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "治疗带下过少血枯瘀阻证,应首选的方剂是()",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "左归丸",
410
+ "B": "右归丸",
411
+ "C": "四物汤",
412
+ "D": "小营煎",
413
+ "E": "六味地黄丸"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "D",
416
+ "reason": "带下过少肝肾亏损证治法:滋补肝肾,养精益血。代表方剂:左归九加减。带下过少血枯瘀阻证治法:补血益精,活血化瘀。代表方剂:小营煎加丹参、桃仁、牛膝。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "上述各项,以脘胁胀痛、嗳气、吞酸、情绪抑郁为主要特征的是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "肝胃不和证",
423
+ "B": "肝郁气滞证",
424
+ "C": "肝脾不调证",
425
+ "D": "胃肠气滞证",
426
+ "E": "肝胆湿热证"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "A",
429
+ "reason": "肝脾不调证以胸胁胀痛、情志抑郁、便溏不爽为主受特征,肝胃不和证以脘胁胀痛、嗳气、吞酸、情绪抑郁为主要特征。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "治疗带下过少肝肾亏损证,应首选的方剂是()",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "左归丸",
436
+ "B": "右归丸",
437
+ "C": "四物汤",
438
+ "D": "小营煎",
439
+ "E": "六味地黄丸"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "A",
442
+ "reason": "带下过少肝肾亏损证治法:滋补肝肾,养精益血。代表方剂:左归九加减。带下过少血枯瘀阻证治法:补血益精,活血化瘀。代表方剂:小营煎加丹参、桃仁、牛膝。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "组成中含有干地黄、泽泻、炮附子的方剂是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "大补阴丸",
449
+ "B": "一贯煎",
450
+ "C": "肾气丸",
451
+ "D": "地黄饮子",
452
+ "E": "六味地黄丸"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "C",
455
+ "reason": "肾气丸盛组成药物:干地黄山药、山萸肉、泽泻、茯苓、牡丹皮、桂枝、炮附子。地黄饮子组成药物:熟干地黄、炒山茱萸、石斛、麦门冬.五味子、巴戟天、肉苁蓉、炮附子、官桂、白茯苓、菖蒲、远志、生姜、大枣。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "隔蒜灸的作用()",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "解表散寒,温中止呕",
462
+ "B": "清热解毒杀虫",
463
+ "C": "温肾壮阳",
464
+ "D": "回阳救逆固脱",
465
+ "E": "温经散寒,活血行滞"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "B",
468
+ "reason": "隔蒜炙有清热解毒、杀虫等作用,多用于治疗疬、肺痨及肿疡初起等病证。隔盐炙有回阳、救逆、固脱的作用,多用于治疗伤寒阴证或中风脱证等。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "组成中含有熟干地黄、白茯苓、炮附子的方剂是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "大补阴丸",
475
+ "B": "一贯煎",
476
+ "C": "肾气丸",
477
+ "D": "地黄饮子",
478
+ "E": "六味地黄丸"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "D",
481
+ "reason": "肾气丸盛组成药物:干地黄山药、山萸肉、泽泻、茯苓、牡丹皮、桂枝、炮附子。地黄饮子组成药物:熟干地黄、炒山茱萸、石斛、麦门冬.五味子、巴戟天、肉苁蓉、炮附子、官桂、白茯苓、菖蒲、远志、生姜、大枣。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "隔盐灸的作用()",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "解表散寒,温中止呕",
488
+ "B": "清热解毒杀虫",
489
+ "C": "温肾壮阳",
490
+ "D": "回阳救逆固脱",
491
+ "E": "温经散寒,活血行滞"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "D",
494
+ "reason": "隔蒜炙有清热解毒、杀虫等作用,多用于治疗疬、肺痨及肿疡初起等病证。隔盐炙有回阳、救逆、固脱的作用,多用于治疗伤寒阴证或中风脱证等。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "可出现呕血与黑便伴慢性、周期性、节律性上腹痛的疾病是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "慢性胃炎",
501
+ "B": "消化性溃疡",
502
+ "C": "食管炎",
503
+ "D": "肝硬化门静脉高压",
504
+ "E": "胰腺炎"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "B",
507
+ "reason": "呕血与黑便:①伴慢性、周期性、节律性上腹痛,提示消化性满疡;②伴蛛痣、肝掌、黄疸、腹壁静脉曲张、腹水、脾大,提示肝硬化门静脉高压;③伴皮肤黏膜出血者,提示血液病及急性传染病;④伴右上腹痛、黄疸、寒战高热,提示和急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "被称作血海的经脉是()",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "足阳明经",
514
+ "B": "任脉",
515
+ "C": "督脉",
516
+ "D": "冲脉",
517
+ "E": "足太阴经"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "D",
520
+ "reason": "冲脉的特点:①冲脉与督、任脉、足阳明、足少阴等经有联系,可涵蓄调节十二经气血,故有“十二经脉之海“”血海”之称;②《灵枢》:“夫冲脉者,五脏六腑之海也,五脏六腑皆禀焉”。131~132.EB【解析)胃痞湿热阻胃证,治宜清热化湿,和胃消痞。方药:连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证,治宜除湿化痰,理气和中。方药:二陈平胃汤加减。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "可出现呕血与黑便伴腹壁静脉曲张、腹水、脾大的疾病是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "慢性胃炎",
527
+ "B": "消化性溃疡",
528
+ "C": "食管炎",
529
+ "D": "肝硬化门静脉高压",
530
+ "E": "胰腺炎"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "D",
533
+ "reason": "呕血与黑便:①伴慢性、周期性、节律性上腹痛,提示消化性满疡;②伴蛛痣、肝掌、黄疸、腹壁静脉曲张、腹水、脾大,提示肝硬化门静脉高压;③伴皮肤黏膜出血者,提示血液病及急性传染病;④伴右上腹痛、黄疸、寒战高热,提示和急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "被称作五脏六腑之海的经脉是()",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "足阳明经",
540
+ "B": "任脉",
541
+ "C": "督脉",
542
+ "D": "冲脉",
543
+ "E": "足太阴经"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "D",
546
+ "reason": "冲脉的特点:①冲脉与督、任脉、足阳明、足少阴等经有联系,可涵蓄调节十二经气血,故有“十二经脉之海“”血海”之称;②《灵枢》:“夫冲脉者,五脏六腑之海也,五脏六腑皆禀焉”。131~132.EB【解析)胃痞湿热阻胃证,治宜清热化湿,和胃消痞。方药:连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证,治宜除湿化痰,理气和中。方药:二陈平胃汤加减。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "器质性二尖瓣关闭不全的杂音特点",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "前倾坐位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
553
+ "B": "前倾坐位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
554
+ "C": "左侧卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
555
+ "D": "左侧卧位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
556
+ "E": "仰卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "E",
559
+ "reason": "左侧卧位可使二尖瓣狭窗的舒张中晚期隆样杂音更明显;前倾坐位可使主动脉瓣关闭不全的舒张期杂音更易于听到;仰卧位可使肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣关闭不全的杂音更明显。深吸气时右心(三尖瓣、肺动脉瓣)的杂音增强;深呼气时左心(二尖瓣、主动脉瓣)的杂音增强。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "胃痞湿热阻胃证的代表方剂是()",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "越鞠丸合枳术丸加减",
566
+ "B": "二陈汤合平胃散加减",
567
+ "C": "木香顺气丸加减",
568
+ "D": "枳实消痞丸加减",
569
+ "E": "泻心汤合连朴饮加减"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "胃脾湿热阻胃证,治宜清热化湿,和胃消痞。方药:连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证,治宜除湿化痰,理气和中。方药:二陈平胃汤加减。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "主动脉瓣关闭不全的杂音特点是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "前倾坐位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
579
+ "B": "前倾坐位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
580
+ "C": "左侧卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
581
+ "D": "左侧卧位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
582
+ "E": "仰卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "B",
585
+ "reason": "左侧卧位可使二尖瓣狭窗的舒张中晚期隆样杂音更明显;前倾坐位可使主动脉瓣关闭不全的舒张期杂音更易于听到;仰卧位可使肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣关闭不全的杂音更明显。深吸气时右心(三尖瓣、肺动脉瓣)的杂音增强;深呼气时左心(二尖瓣、主动脉瓣)的杂音增强。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "胃痞痰湿中阻证的代表方剂是()",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "越鞠丸合枳术丸加减",
592
+ "B": "二陈汤合平胃散加减",
593
+ "C": "木香顺气丸加减",
594
+ "D": "枳实消痞丸加减",
595
+ "E": "泻心汤合连朴饮加减"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "B",
598
+ "reason": "胃脾湿热阻胃证,治宜清热化湿,和胃消痞。方药:连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证,治宜除湿化痰,理气和中。方药:二陈平胃汤加减。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "腹壁紧张度增加呈揉面感,应考虑的疾病是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "慢性肝炎",
605
+ "B": "急性胃肠炎",
606
+ "C": "胃肠道穿孔",
607
+ "D": "结核性腹膜炎",
608
+ "E": "重症肌无力"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "D",
611
+ "reason": "结核性腹膜炎时,全腹紧张,触之犹如揉面的柔韧之感,不易压陷,称为面团感或揉面感,此征还见于癌性腹膜炎。和急性胃肠道穿孔或实质脏器破裂所致急性弥漫性腹膜炎,因炎症刺激腹膜引起腹肌反射性痉挛,腹壁常有明显紧张,甚至强直硬如木板,称为板状腹。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "治疗湿疮脾虚湿蕴证,应首选的方剂是()",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤合萆薢渗湿汤",
618
+ "B": "除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散加减",
619
+ "C": "当归饮子加减",
620
+ "D": "四物消风饮加减",
621
+ "E": "清瘟败毒饮加减"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "B",
624
+ "reason": "湿疮脾虚湿蕴证治宜健脾利湿止痒,方剂选除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散。瘾疹血虚风燥证反复发作,迁延日久,午后或夜间加剧;伴心烦易怒,口干,手足心热,舌红少津,脉沉细。治宜养血祛风,润燥止痒,方剂选当归饮子加减。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "腹壁紧张度增加硬如板状,应考虑的疾病是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "慢性肝炎",
631
+ "B": "急性胃肠炎",
632
+ "C": "胃肠道穿孔",
633
+ "D": "结核性腹膜炎",
634
+ "E": "重症肌无力"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "C",
637
+ "reason": "结核性腹膜炎时,全腹紧张,触之犹如揉面的柔韧之感,不易压陷,称为面团感或揉面感,此征还见于癌性腹膜炎。和急性胃肠道穿孔或实质脏器破裂所致急性弥漫性腹膜炎,因炎症刺激腹膜引起腹肌反射性痉挛,腹壁常有明显紧张,甚至强直硬如木板,称为板状腹。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "治疗瘾疹血虚风燥证,应首选的方剂是()",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤合萆薢渗湿汤",
644
+ "B": "除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散加减",
645
+ "C": "当归饮子加减",
646
+ "D": "四物消风饮加减",
647
+ "E": "清瘟败毒饮加减"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "C",
650
+ "reason": "湿疮脾虚湿蕴证治宜健脾利湿止痒,方剂选除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散。瘾疹血虚风燥证反复发作,迁延日久,午后或夜间加剧;伴心烦易怒,口干,手足心热,舌红少津,脉沉细。治宜养血祛风,润燥止痒,方剂选当归饮子加减。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "上腹壁反射消失,病变部位是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "胸髓7~8节",
657
+ "B": "同侧锥体束",
658
+ "C": "胸椎9~10节",
659
+ "D": "胸椎11~12节",
660
+ "E": "腰椎2~4节"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "A",
663
+ "reason": "上腹壁、中腹壁、下腹壁反射减弱或消失,分别见于胸髓7~8节、9~10节、11~12节病损;一侧上、中、下腹壁反射同时消失,见于一侧锥体束病损;双侧上、中、下腹壁反射均消失,见于昏迷和和急性腹膜炎患者。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "噎膈,饮食梗阻难下,呕出物如赤豆汁,胸膈疼痛,肌肤枯燥,形体消瘦,舌质紫暗,脉细涩。治宜选用()",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "沙参麦冬汤",
670
+ "B": "通幽汤",
671
+ "C": "启膈散",
672
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
673
+ "E": "补气运脾汤"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": "噎瘀血内结证,治法:滋阴养血,破血行瘀。代表方剂:通幽汤加减。噎膈津亏热结证,治法:滋养津液,泻热散结。代表方剂:沙参麦冬汤加减。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "一侧腹壁反射消失,病变部位是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "胸髓7~8节",
683
+ "B": "同侧锥体束",
684
+ "C": "胸椎9~10节",
685
+ "D": "胸椎11~12节",
686
+ "E": "腰椎2~4节"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "B",
689
+ "reason": "上腹壁、中腹壁、下腹壁反射减弱或消失,分别见于胸髓7~8节、9~10节、11~12节病损;一侧上、中、下腹壁反射同时消失,见于一侧锥体束病损;双侧上、中、下腹壁反射均消失,见于昏迷和和急性腹膜炎患者。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "噎膈,吞咽梗涩而痛,水饮难进,心烦口干,胃脘灼热,大便干结如羊屎,形体消瘦,皮肤干枯,小便短赤,舌质光红,干裂少津,脉细数。治宜选用()",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "沙参麦冬汤",
696
+ "B": "通幽汤",
697
+ "C": "启膈散",
698
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
699
+ "E": "补气运脾汤"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "A",
702
+ "reason": "噎瘀血内结证,治法:滋阴养血,破血行瘀。代表方剂:通幽汤加减。噎膈津亏热结证,治法:滋养津液,泻热散结。代表方剂:沙参麦冬汤加减。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "膀胱癌尿外观改变是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "血尿",
709
+ "B": "脓尿",
710
+ "C": "乳糜尿",
711
+ "D": "胆红素尿",
712
+ "E": "血红蛋白尿"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "A",
715
+ "reason": "血尿:见于泌尿系统的炎症、结核、结石、肿瘤及出血性疾病等。血红蛋白尿:见于蚕豆病、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、血型不合的输血反应及恶性疟疾等。胆虹素尿;见于肝细胞性黄疸及阻塞性黄竣。乳糜尿:见于丝虫病,少数因结核,肿瘤引起。肽尿和菌尿:见于泌尿系统感染,如肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "治疗手足口病湿热蒸盛证,应首选的方剂是()",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "甘露消毒丹",
722
+ "B": "银翘散",
723
+ "C": "清瘟败毒饮",
724
+ "D": "凉营清气汤",
725
+ "E": "宜毒发表汤"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "手足口病湿热蒸盛证证候:身热持续,烦躁口渴,小便黄赤,大便秘结,手足、口部及四肢、臀部疱疹,痛痒剧烈,甚或拒食,疱疹色泽紫暗,分布稠密,或成簇出现,根盘红晕显著,疱液混浊,舌质红绛,苔黄厚腻或黄燥,脉滑数。治法:清热凉营,解毒祛湿。代表方剂:济瘟败毒饮。手足口病邪犯肺脾证证候:发热轻微,或无发热,或流涕咳嗽、纳差恶心、呕吐泄泻,1~2天后或同时出现口腔内疱疹,破溃后形成小的溃疡,疼痛流涎,不欲进食。随病情进展,手掌、足跖部出现米粒至疏豆大斑丘疹,并迅速转为疱疹,分布稀疏:疹色红润,根盘红晕不著,疱液清亮,舌质红,苔薄黄腻,脉浮数。治法:宣肺解表,清热化湿。代表方剂:甘露消毒丹。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "血型不合的输血反应尿外观改变是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "血尿",
735
+ "B": "脓尿",
736
+ "C": "乳糜尿",
737
+ "D": "胆红素尿",
738
+ "E": "血红蛋白尿"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "E",
741
+ "reason": "血尿:见于泌尿系统的炎症、结核、结石、肿瘤及出血性疾病等。血红蛋白尿:见于蚕豆病、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、血型不合的输血反应及恶性疟疾等。胆虹素尿;见于肝细胞性黄疸及阻塞性黄竣。乳糜尿:见于丝虫病,少数因结核,肿瘤引起。肽尿和菌尿:见于泌尿系统感染,如肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "治疗手足口病邪犯肺脾证,应首选的方剂是()",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "甘露消毒丹",
748
+ "B": "银翘散",
749
+ "C": "清瘟败毒饮",
750
+ "D": "凉营清气汤",
751
+ "E": "宜毒发表汤"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "A",
754
+ "reason": "手足口病湿热蒸盛证证候:身热持续,烦躁口渴,小便黄赤,大便秘结,手足、口部及四肢、臀部疱疹,痛痒剧烈,甚或拒食,疱疹色泽紫暗,分布稠密,或成簇出现,根盘红晕显著,疱液混浊,舌质红绛,苔黄厚腻或黄燥,脉滑数。治法:清热凉营,解毒祛湿。代表方剂:济瘟败毒饮。手足口病邪犯肺脾证证候:发热轻微,或无发热,或流涕咳嗽、纳差恶心、呕吐泄泻,1~2天后或同时出现口腔内疱疹,破溃后形成小的溃疡,疼痛流涎,不欲进食。随病情进展,手掌、足跖部出现米粒至疏豆大斑丘疹,并迅速转为疱疹,分布稀疏:疹色红润,根盘红晕不著,疱液清亮,舌质红,苔薄黄腻,脉浮数。治法:宣肺解表,清热化湿。代表方剂:甘露消毒丹。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "对危重、昏迷、手术等情况下的患者诊疗,适用的医患关系模式是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "主动-���动模式",
761
+ "B": "指导一合作模式",
762
+ "C": "共同参与模式",
763
+ "D": "契约模式",
764
+ "E": "工程模式"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": "主动一被动模式,得术休克等难以表达主观意愿的患者。指导一合作模式:有一定主动性,大部分患者。共同参与模式,有一定医学知识背景,慢性病患者。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "治疗妊娠腹痛血瘀证,应首选()",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸",
774
+ "B": "少腹逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
775
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
776
+ "D": "补肾祛瘀方",
777
+ "E": "身痛逐瘀汤合寿胎丸"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "A",
780
+ "reason": "中医有同病异治和异病同治,妊娠腹痛、胎动不安虽属于不同的两种病,但是同样的血瘀证治疗均以活血化瘀,补肾安胎,方剂选桂枝苓九合寿胎九。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "对大多数慢性疾病,医患双方共同制订并实施诊疗方案,适用的医患关系模式是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "主动-被动模式",
787
+ "B": "指导一合作模式",
788
+ "C": "共同参与模式",
789
+ "D": "契约模式",
790
+ "E": "工程模式"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "C",
793
+ "reason": "主动一被动模式,得术休克等难以表达主观意愿的患者。指导一合作模式:有一定主动性,大部分患者。共同参与模式,有一定医学知识背景,慢性病患者。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "治疗胎动不安血瘀证,应首选()",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸",
800
+ "B": "少腹逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
801
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
802
+ "D": "补肾祛瘀方",
803
+ "E": "身痛逐瘀汤合寿胎丸"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "A",
806
+ "reason": "中医有同病异治和异病同治,妊娠腹痛、胎动不安虽属于不同的两种病,但是同样的血瘀证治疗均以活血化瘀,补肾安胎,方剂选桂枝苓九合寿胎九。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "协助医疗机构对拒绝隔离治疗的传染病患者采取强制隔离治疗措施的部门是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "公安机关",
813
+ "B": "人民法院",
814
+ "C": "疾病预防控制中心",
815
+ "D": "卫生行政部门",
816
+ "E": "街道办事处"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "A",
819
+ "reason": "拒绝隔离治疗或隔离期未满擅自脱离隔离治疗的,可由公安机关协助医疗机构采取强制隔离治疗措施。国务院卫生行政部门定期公布全国传染病疫情信息。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "闭经寒凝血瘀证的治法是()",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "温经散寒,活血调经",
826
+ "B": "补肾益气,调理冲任",
827
+ "C": "温肾固冲,止血调经",
828
+ "D": "理气活血,祛瘀通经",
829
+ "E": "健脾燥湿化痰,活血调经"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "A",
832
+ "reason": ""
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "负责定期公布传染病疫情信息的部门是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "公安机关",
839
+ "B": "人民法院",
840
+ "C": "疾病预防控制中心",
841
+ "D": "卫生行政部门",
842
+ "E": "街道办事处"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "D",
845
+ "reason": "拒绝隔离治疗或隔离期未满擅自脱离隔离治疗的,可由公安机关协助医疗机构采取强制隔离治疗措施。国务院卫生行政部门定期公布全国传染病疫情信息。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "闭经气滞血瘀证的治法是()",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "温经散寒,活血调经",
852
+ "B": "补肾益气,调理冲任",
853
+ "C": "温肾固冲,止血调经",
854
+ "D": "理气活血,祛瘀通经",
855
+ "E": "健脾燥湿化痰,活血调经"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "D",
858
+ "reason": ""
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "功能燥湿化痰的药物是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "陈皮",
865
+ "B": "青皮",
866
+ "C": "香附",
867
+ "D": "沉香",
868
+ "E": "大腹皮"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "A",
871
+ "reason": "陈皮功效;理气健脾,燥湿化痰。青皮功效:疏肝破气,消积化滞。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "肺痨之气阴耗伤的治法及方剂是()",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "滋阴止咳,沙参麦冬汤",
878
+ "B": "滋阴降火,百合固金汤合秦艽鳖甲散",
879
+ "C": "益气养阴,保真汤或参苓白术散",
880
+ "D": "滋阴补阳,补天大造丸",
881
+ "E": "滋阴润肺,月华丸"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "C",
884
+ "reason": ""
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "功能疏肝破气的药物是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "陈皮",
891
+ "B": "青皮",
892
+ "C": "香附",
893
+ "D": "沉香",
894
+ "E": "大腹皮"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "B",
897
+ "reason": "陈皮功效;理气健脾,燥湿化痰。青皮功效:疏肝破气,消积化滞。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "肺���之肺阴亏虚的治法及方剂是()",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "滋阴止咳,沙参麦冬汤",
904
+ "B": "滋阴降火,百合固金汤合秦艽鳖甲散",
905
+ "C": "益气养阴,保真汤或参苓白术散",
906
+ "D": "滋阴补阳,补天大造丸",
907
+ "E": "滋阴润肺,月华丸"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "E",
910
+ "reason": ""
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "仙鹤草的功效是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "收敛止血",
917
+ "B": "凉血止血",
918
+ "C": "温经止血",
919
+ "D": "化瘀止血",
920
+ "E": "补气摄血"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "A",
923
+ "reason": "仙鹤草功效:收敛止血,止痫,截疟,补虚。三七功效:化瘀止血,活血定痛。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "骨会是()",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "大杼",
930
+ "B": "绝骨",
931
+ "C": "太渊",
932
+ "D": "膈俞",
933
+ "E": "膻中"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "A",
936
+ "reason": "《难经》:腑会太仓(中脘),脏会季胁(章门),筋会阳陵泉,髓会绝骨(悬钟),血会膈俞,骨会大杼,脉会太渊。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "三七的功效是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "收敛止血",
943
+ "B": "凉血止血",
944
+ "C": "温经止血",
945
+ "D": "化瘀止血",
946
+ "E": "补气摄血"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "D",
949
+ "reason": "仙鹤草功效:收敛止血,止痫,截疟,补虚。三七功效:化瘀止血,活血定痛。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "脉会是()",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "大杼",
956
+ "B": "绝骨",
957
+ "C": "太渊",
958
+ "D": "膈俞",
959
+ "E": "膻中"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "C",
962
+ "reason": "《难经》:腑会太仓(中脘),脏会季胁(章门),筋会阳陵泉,髓会绝骨(悬钟),血会膈俞,骨会大杼,脉会太渊。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "既治亡阳证,又治阳虚外感风寒的药物是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "附子",
969
+ "B": "干姜",
970
+ "C": "肉桂",
971
+ "D": "吴茱萸",
972
+ "E": "小茴香"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "A",
975
+ "reason": "附子功效:回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛,主治亡阳证、阳虚证、寒痹证。吴茱萸功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呃,助阳止泻。主治:①寒凝疼痛,每与生姜,人参等同用,治厥阴头痛;②胃寒呕吐;③虚寒泄泻,为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "善于治疗形体羸瘦、脏气衰惫、乏力等气虚病证的腧穴是()",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "阴陵泉",
982
+ "B": "膻中",
983
+ "C": "中极",
984
+ "D": "气海",
985
+ "E": "关元"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "D",
988
+ "reason": ""
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "既治厥阴头痛,又治脾肾阳虚之五更泻的药物是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "附子",
995
+ "B": "干姜",
996
+ "C": "肉桂",
997
+ "D": "吴茱萸",
998
+ "E": "小茴香"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "D",
1001
+ "reason": "附子功效:回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛,主治亡阳证、阳虚证、寒痹证。吴茱萸功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呃,助阳止泻。主治:①寒凝疼痛,每与生姜,人参等同用,治厥阴头痛;②胃寒呕吐;③虚寒泄泻,为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "善于治疗遗尿、小便不利、癃闭等泌尿系病证的腧穴是()",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "阴陵泉",
1008
+ "B": "膻中",
1009
+ "C": "中极",
1010
+ "D": "气海",
1011
+ "E": "关元"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "C",
1014
+ "reason": ""
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "柏子仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "平喘",
1021
+ "B": "通便",
1022
+ "C": "敛汗",
1023
+ "D": "消食",
1024
+ "E": "利尿"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "B",
1027
+ "reason": "了柏子仁功效:养心安神,润肠通便。酸枣仁功效:养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "营养性缺铁性贫血肝肾阴虚证症见()",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "面色苍白,唇甲色淡,头晕心悸",
1034
+ "B": "面色苍黄,纳呆消瘦,大便不调",
1035
+ "C": "面色苍白,头晕目涩,四肢震颤",
1036
+ "D": "面色苍白,精神萎靡,四肢不温",
1037
+ "E": "面色苍白,形体消瘦,发黄稀疏"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "C",
1040
+ "reason": ""
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "酸枣仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "平喘",
1047
+ "B": "通便",
1048
+ "C": "敛汗",
1049
+ "D": "消食",
1050
+ "E": "利尿"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "C",
1053
+ "reason": "了柏子仁功效:养心安神,润肠通便。酸枣仁功效:养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "营养性缺铁性贫血心脾两虚证症见()",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "面色苍白,唇甲色淡,头晕心悸",
1060
+ "B": "面色苍黄,纳呆消瘦,大便���调",
1061
+ "C": "面色苍白,头晕目涩,四肢震颤",
1062
+ "D": "面色苍白,精神萎靡,四肢不温",
1063
+ "E": "面色苍白,形体消瘦,发黄稀疏"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "A",
1066
+ "reason": ""
1067
+ }
1068
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "痰浊头痛若痰湿久郁化热,口苦便秘,舌红苔黄腻者,应加用",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "黄芩、竹茹、枳实",
7
+ "B": "知母、黄柏、生地黄",
8
+ "C": "麻黄、桂枝、生姜",
9
+ "D": "党参、黄芪、白术",
10
+ "E": "厚朴、陈皮、藿梗"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": "痰浊头痛治法:健脾燥湿,化痰降逆。方药:半夏白术天麻汤加减。若痰湿久郁化热,口苦便秘,舌红苔黄腻者,可加黄苓、竹茹、枳实、南星。风湿头痛治法:祛风胜湿递窍。方药:羌活胜湿汤加减。胸问腕病、腹胀便溏显著者,加苍术、厚朴、陈皮、粳以燥湿宽中,理气消胀。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "风湿头痛胸闷脘痞,腹胀便溏显著者,应加用",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "黄芩、竹茹、枳实",
20
+ "B": "知母、黄柏、生地黄",
21
+ "C": "麻黄、桂枝、生姜",
22
+ "D": "党参、黄芪、白术",
23
+ "E": "厚朴、陈皮、藿梗"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "E",
26
+ "reason": "痰浊头痛治法:健脾燥湿,化痰降逆。方药:半夏白术天麻汤加减。若痰湿久郁化热,口苦便秘,舌红苔黄腻者,可加黄苓、竹茹、枳实、南星。风湿头痛治法:祛风胜湿递窍。方药:羌活胜湿汤加减。胸问腕病、腹胀便溏显著者,加苍术、厚朴、陈皮、粳以燥湿宽中,理气消胀。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "易侵犯上部的是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "风邪",
33
+ "B": "寒邪",
34
+ "C": "暑邪",
35
+ "D": "湿邪",
36
+ "E": "燥邪"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "A",
39
+ "reason": "风为阳邪,轻扬开泄,易袭阳位;风邪善动不居,具有轻扬、升发、向上、向外的特性,常伤及人体的上部(头、面)。温性趋下,易袭阴位:湿邪为重浊有质之邪,类水属阴而有趋下之势,人体下部亦属阴,类相龙长浪邨出定,名具作及人休下部"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "易侵犯下部的是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "风邪",
46
+ "B": "寒邪",
47
+ "C": "暑邪",
48
+ "D": "湿邪",
49
+ "E": "燥邪"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "D",
52
+ "reason": "风为阳邪,轻扬开泄,易袭阳位;风邪善动不居,具有轻扬、升发、向上、向外的特性,常伤及人体的上部(头、面)。温性趋下,易袭阴位:湿邪为重浊有质之邪,类水属阴而有趋下之势,人体下部亦属阴,类相龙长浪邨出定,名具作及人休下部"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "病室有尿臊气味的是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "消渴晚期",
59
+ "B": "肾衰竭",
60
+ "C": "有机磷中毒",
61
+ "D": "溃腐疮疡",
62
+ "E": "脏腑衰败"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "B",
65
+ "reason": "临床工作中,嗅诊可迅速提供具有重要意义的诊断线索,但必须要结合其他检查才能作出正确的诊断。尿臊气或氨味见于肾表蝎尿毒症。烂苹果味见于糖尿病酮症酸中毒者。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "病室有烂苹果气味的是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "消渴晚期",
72
+ "B": "肾衰竭",
73
+ "C": "有机磷中毒",
74
+ "D": "溃腐疮疡",
75
+ "E": "脏腑衰败"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "A",
78
+ "reason": "临床工作中,嗅诊可迅速提供具有重要意义的诊断线索,但必须要结合其他检查才能作出正确的诊断。尿臊气或氨味见于肾表蝎尿毒症。烂苹果味见于糖尿病酮症酸中毒者。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "发热微恶寒,口干微渴,头痛,脉浮数是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "太阳伤寒",
85
+ "B": "太阳中风",
86
+ "C": "卫分证",
87
+ "D": "气分证",
88
+ "E": "少阳证"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "A项表现为恶寒发热、头痛、身痛、无汗等。B项因风邪外袭,卫受病则卫阳浮盛于外而发热;卫阳浮盛于外,营阴不能内守,而汗出;汗出肌疏,故恶风;营阴不足,故脉浮缓。C项因温热病邪,犯于肌表,卫为邪郁,故发热微恶寒;热伤津液,故口干微渴;阳邪必伤阳络,清空被扰,是以头痛。D项可见发热亚宾反恶执,土红共苦,脉妆,下项可见口芒咽干、目眩等"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "恶风发热,头痛,汗出,脉浮缓是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "太阳伤寒",
98
+ "B": "太阳中风",
99
+ "C": "卫分证",
100
+ "D": "气分证",
101
+ "E": "少阳证"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "B",
104
+ "reason": "A项表现为恶寒发热、头痛、身痛、无汗等。B项因风邪外袭,卫受病则卫阳浮盛于外而发热;卫阳浮盛于外,营阴不能内守,而汗出;汗出肌疏,故恶风;营阴不足,故脉浮缓。C项因温热病邪,犯于肌表,卫为邪郁,故发热微恶寒;热伤津液,故口干微渴;阳邪必伤阳络,清空被扰,是以头痛。D项可见发热亚宾反��执,土红共苦,脉妆,下项可见口芒咽干、目眩等"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "头部或肢体摇动颤抖,不能自制,为",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "痿证",
111
+ "B": "颤证",
112
+ "C": "痹证",
113
+ "D": "偏枯",
114
+ "E": "腰痛"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "B",
117
+ "reason": "频证:头部或肢体摇动颤抖,不能自制。痿证:肢体筋脉迟缓,软弱无力,不能随意运动,或伴有肌肉萎缩,"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "肢体筋脉迟缓,软弱无力,不能随意运动,为",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "痿证",
124
+ "B": "颤证",
125
+ "C": "痹证",
126
+ "D": "偏枯",
127
+ "E": "腰痛"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "A",
130
+ "reason": "频证:头部或肢体摇动颤抖,不能自制。痿证:肢体筋脉迟缓,软弱无力,不能随意运动,或伴有肌肉萎缩,"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "患者,女性,31岁。妊娠3个月,精神不振,今日突感腰酸难忍,小腹坠痛,舌质淡白,脉弱,其证候是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "肾气不固",
137
+ "B": "肾虚水泛",
138
+ "C": "肾精不足",
139
+ "D": "肾阳虚",
140
+ "E": "肾阴虚"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": "妊娠3个月,今日突感腰酸难忍、小腹坠痛为胎动之征,为肾气不足,任脉失养所致,舌脉为肾气虚衰之象。B项可见下肢浮肿,畏寒肢冷等。C项肾精主生殖,肾精亏虚,故见不育,肾之华在发,精不足则发不长,易脱发,舌脉为肾精不足之征。D项可见带下清冷、量多、质稀,腰酸腿软,小腹发凉,大便溏,舌淡苔白,脉沉迟;已项可见腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,失眠多梦等。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "患者,男性,30岁。结婚3年不育,脱发,腰酸软无力,舌质淡白,尺脉弱,其证候是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "肾气不固",
150
+ "B": "肾虚水泛",
151
+ "C": "肾精不足",
152
+ "D": "肾阳虚",
153
+ "E": "肾阴虚"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "C",
156
+ "reason": "妊娠3个月,今日突感腰酸难忍、小腹坠痛为胎动之征,为肾气不足,任脉失养所致,舌脉为肾气虚衰之象。B项可见下肢浮肿,畏寒肢冷等。C项肾精主生殖,肾精亏虚,故见不育,肾之华在发,精不足则发不长,易脱发,舌脉为肾精不足之征。D项可见带下清冷、量多、质稀,腰酸腿软,小腹发凉,大便溏,舌淡苔白,脉沉迟;已项可见腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,失眠多梦等。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "用于止血,宜炒炭用的药物是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "紫苏",
163
+ "B": "荆芥",
164
+ "C": "香薷",
165
+ "D": "麻黄",
166
+ "E": "生姜"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "B",
169
+ "reason": "紫苏可解表散寒:行气宽中,宜生用。荆芥可祛风解表,透疹消疮,止血;止血宜炒用。香薷可发汗解表,化湿和中,利水消肿,宜生用。麻黄可发汗解表,宣肺平喘,利水消肿;发汗解表宜生用,止咳乎喘多卖用。生姜可解表散寒,温中止呕,温肺止咳,宜生用。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "用于平喘,宜蜜炙用的药物是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "紫苏",
176
+ "B": "荆芥",
177
+ "C": "香薷",
178
+ "D": "麻黄",
179
+ "E": "生姜"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "D",
182
+ "reason": "紫苏可解表散寒:行气宽中,宜生用。荆芥可祛风解表,透疹消疮,止血;止血宜炒用。香薷可发汗解表,化湿和中,利水消肿,宜生用。麻黄可发汗解表,宣肺平喘,利水消肿;发汗解表宜生用,止咳乎喘多卖用。生姜可解表散寒,温中止呕,温肺止咳,宜生用。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "患者疼痛沿三焦经放散,其病变部位在",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
189
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
190
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
191
+ "D": "上肢外侧中线",
192
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "D",
195
+ "reason": "在四肢部,阴经分布在内侧,阳经分布在外侧面。大体上,太阴、阳明在前缘,少阴、太阳在后缘,厥阴、少阳在中线,故患者疼痛沿手少阳三焦经放散,其病变部位在D项;患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散,其病变部位在巨项,"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散,其病变部位在",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
202
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
203
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
204
+ "D": "上肢外侧中线",
205
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "E",
208
+ "reason": "在四肢部,阴经分布在内侧,阳经分布在外侧面。大体上,太阴、阳明在前缘,少阴、太阳在后缘,厥阴、少阳在中线,故患者疼痛沿手少阳三焦经放散,其病变部位在D项;患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散,其病变部位���巨项,"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "瘀血腰痛的特点是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "腰部疼痛,重着而热",
215
+ "B": "腰痛如刺,痛有定处",
216
+ "C": "腰部冷痛重着",
217
+ "D": "腰部隐痛",
218
+ "E": "腰部胀痛"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "B",
221
+ "reason": "瘀血腰痛证候:腰痛如刺,痛有定处,痛处拒按,昼轻夜重,轻者俯仰不便,重者不能转侧,舌质暗紫,或有瘀斑,脉涩。部分患者有外伤、劳损史。治法:活血化瘀,理气止痛。方药:身痛逐瘀汤加减。肾虚腰痛证候:腰痛隐隐,酸软为主,喜揉喜按,腿膝无力,遇劳更其,卧则减轻,常反复发作。偏阳虚者,则少腹拘急,而色姚白,时宾思冷,少气乏力,舌淡,脉沉细;偏阴虚者,则心烦失眠,口燥咽干,面色潮红,手足心热,舌红少苔,脉弦细数。治法:偏阳虚者,宜温补肾阳;偏阴虚者,宜滋补肾阴。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "肾虚腰痛的特点是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "腰部疼痛,重着而热",
228
+ "B": "腰痛如刺,痛有定处",
229
+ "C": "腰部冷痛重着",
230
+ "D": "腰部隐痛",
231
+ "E": "腰部胀痛"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "D",
234
+ "reason": "瘀血腰痛证候:腰痛如刺,痛有定处,痛处拒按,昼轻夜重,轻者俯仰不便,重者不能转侧,舌质暗紫,或有瘀斑,脉涩。部分患者有外伤、劳损史。治法:活血化瘀,理气止痛。方药:身痛逐瘀汤加减。肾虚腰痛证候:腰痛隐隐,酸软为主,喜揉喜按,腿膝无力,遇劳更其,卧则减轻,常反复发作。偏阳虚者,则少腹拘急,而色姚白,时宾思冷,少气乏力,舌淡,脉沉细;偏阴虚者,则心烦失眠,口燥咽干,面色潮红,手足心热,舌红少苔,脉弦细数。治法:偏阳虚者,宜温补肾阳;偏阴虚者,宜滋补肾阴。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "具有生风动血致病特点的邪气是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "疠气",
241
+ "B": "寒邪",
242
+ "C": "湿邪",
243
+ "D": "燥邪",
244
+ "E": "火邪"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "E",
247
+ "reason": "火热邪气容易出现高热、神昏、抽搞等症,为热极生风,同时热迫血行,极易出血。燥邪容易伤津,容易伤肺,出现口干咽燥,干咳少痰。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "具有干涩伤津致病特点的邪气是",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "疠气",
254
+ "B": "寒邪",
255
+ "C": "湿邪",
256
+ "D": "燥邪",
257
+ "E": "火邪"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": "火热邪气容易出现高热、神昏、抽搞等症,为热极生风,同时热迫血行,极易出血。燥邪容易伤津,容易伤肺,出现口干咽燥,干咳少痰。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "女贞子的功效是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "既能补益肝肾,又能明目润肺",
267
+ "B": "既能补益肝肾,又能清热明目",
268
+ "C": "既能补益肝肾,又能润肠通便",
269
+ "D": "既能补益肝肾,又能养血补心",
270
+ "E": "既能补益肝肾,又能清心安神"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "B",
273
+ "reason": "女贞子滋补肝肾乌须明目,清热;枸杞子滋补肝肾,益精明目,润肺。-15123~124.BC【解析】柏子仁的功效为养心安神,润肠通便。酸束仁的功效为养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "治疗阳黄湿重于热,应首选",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "茵陈蒿汤",
280
+ "B": "茵陈五苓散",
281
+ "C": "茵陈术附汤",
282
+ "D": "鳖甲煎丸",
283
+ "E": "逍遥散"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "B",
286
+ "reason": "茵陈五苓散可利湿化浊运脾,佐以清热的功能,治疗阳黄湿重于热。茵陈术附汤能温化寒湿,用于寒湿阻滞之阴黄。A项治疗阳黄热重于湿;D项和E项合治黄疸消退后的气滞血瘀证。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "枸杞子的功效是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "既能补益肝肾,又能明目润肺",
293
+ "B": "既能补益肝肾,又能清热明目",
294
+ "C": "既能补益肝肾,又能润肠通便",
295
+ "D": "既能补益肝肾,又能养血补心",
296
+ "E": "既能补益肝肾,又能清心安神"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "女贞子滋补肝肾乌须明目,清热;枸杞子滋补肝肾,益精明目,润肺。-15123~124.BC【解析】柏子仁的功效为养心安神,润肠通便。酸束仁的功效为养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "治疗阴黄,应首选",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "茵陈蒿汤",
306
+ "B": "茵陈五苓散",
307
+ "C": "茵陈术附汤",
308
+ "D": "鳖甲煎丸",
309
+ "E": "逍遥散"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "C",
312
+ "reason": "茵陈五苓散可利湿化浊运脾,佐以清热的功能,治疗阳黄湿重于热。茵陈术附汤能温化寒湿,用于寒湿阻滞之阴黄。A项治疗阳黄���重于湿;D项和E项合治黄疸消退后的气滞血瘀证。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "柏子仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "祛痰",
319
+ "B": "通便",
320
+ "C": "敛汗",
321
+ "D": "解郁",
322
+ "E": "利尿"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "B",
325
+ "reason": "柏子仁的功效为养心安神,润肠通便。酸枣仁的功效为养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "清燥救肺汤证的病因病机是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "凉燥伤肺,营卫受邪",
332
+ "B": "温燥外袭,肺津被灼",
333
+ "C": "温燥伤肺,气阴两伤",
334
+ "D": "肺肾阴虚,虚火上炎",
335
+ "E": "肝肾阴虚,虚火上炎"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "C",
338
+ "reason": "清燥救肺汤主治温燥伤肺证。本证由秋令久晴无雨,温燥伤肺所致。杏苏散主治感凉燥证。本证由外感凉燥,肺失宣肃,痰湿内阻所致。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "酸枣仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "祛痰",
345
+ "B": "通便",
346
+ "C": "敛汗",
347
+ "D": "解郁",
348
+ "E": "利尿"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "柏子仁的功效为养心安神,润肠通便。酸枣仁的功效为养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "杏苏散证的病因病机是",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "凉燥伤肺,营卫受邪",
358
+ "B": "温燥外袭,肺津被灼",
359
+ "C": "温燥伤肺,气阴两伤",
360
+ "D": "肺肾阴虚,虚火上炎",
361
+ "E": "肝肾阴虚,虚火上炎"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "清燥救肺汤主治温燥伤肺证。本证由秋令久晴无雨,温燥伤肺所致。杏苏散主治感凉燥证。本证由外感凉燥,肺失宣肃,痰湿内阻所致。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "高热烦躁,神昏谵语,痉厥,舌红或绛脉数有力,治宜",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "紫雪",
371
+ "B": "至宝丹",
372
+ "C": "苏合香丸",
373
+ "D": "羚角钩藤汤",
374
+ "E": "安宫牛黄丸"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "根据题干所述,可以明确125题、126题患者的证型分别为热盛动风证和寒闭证。紫雪清热开窍,息风止痘,适于治疗邪热内陷心包、热盛动风证。至宝开清热开窍,化浊解毒,适用于疾热内闭心包证。苏合香九芳香开窍,行气温中,适于治疗寒闭证。羚角钩藤汤凉肝息风,增液舒筋,适于治疗肝热生风证。安宫牛黄九清热开窍,豁痰解毒,适用于邪热内陷心包证"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "胃脘胀痛,痛连两胁,遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚,嗳气、矢气则痛舒,胸闷嗳气,喜长叹息,大便不畅,舌苔多薄白,脉弦。证属",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "寒邪客胃证",
384
+ "B": "饮食伤胃证",
385
+ "C": "肝气犯胃证",
386
+ "D": "湿热中阻证",
387
+ "E": "瘀血停胃证"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "C",
390
+ "reason": "患者由于肝气郁结,横逆犯胃,胃气阻滞导致胃脘痛,辨证分析为肝气郁结证。治宜疏肝解郁,理气畅中。患者由于寒凝胃脘,阳气被遏,气机郁滞,胃痛暴作可见胃脘痛,辨证分析为寒邪客胃证。由于寒邪犯胃或饮食生冷,寒积于胃,寒凝气滞,不通则痛,导致胃痛暴作;恶寒喜暖,得温则痛减,遇寒加重是因寒遏胃肠,温则寒散,寒则增其邪势;口淡不渴由于胃无热邪;或喜热饮因热能胜寒;苔薄白为寒痛之象,脉弦紧为弦脉主痛,紧脉主寒。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "突然昏倒,牙关紧闭,不省人事,苔白,脉迟,治宜",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "紫雪",
397
+ "B": "至宝丹",
398
+ "C": "苏合香丸",
399
+ "D": "羚角钩藤汤",
400
+ "E": "安宫牛黄丸"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "C",
403
+ "reason": "根据题干所述,可以明确125题、126题患者的证型分别为热盛动风证和寒闭证。紫雪清热开窍,息风止痘,适于治疗邪热内陷心包、热盛动风证。至宝开清热开窍,化浊解毒,适用于疾热内闭心包证。苏合香九芳香开窍,行气温中,适于治疗寒闭证。羚角钩藤汤凉肝息风,增液舒筋,适于治疗肝热生风证。安宫牛黄九清热开窍,豁痰解毒,适用于邪热内陷心包证"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "胃病暴作,恶寒喜暖,得温痛减,遇寒加重,口淡不渴,或喜热饮,舌淡苔薄白,脉弦紧。证属",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "寒邪客胃证",
410
+ "B": "饮食伤胃证",
411
+ "C": "肝气犯胃证",
412
+ "D": "湿热中阻证",
413
+ "E": "瘀血停胃证"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "A",
416
+ "reason": "患者由于肝气郁结,横逆犯胃,胃气阻滞导致胃脘痛,辨证分析为肝气郁结证。治宜疏肝解郁,理气畅中。患者由于寒凝胃脘,阳气被遏,气机郁滞,胃痛暴作可见胃脘痛,辨证分析为寒邪客胃证。由于寒邪犯胃或饮食生冷,寒积于胃,寒凝气滞,不通则痛,导致胃痛暴作;恶寒喜暖,得温则痛减,遇寒加重是因寒遏胃肠,温则寒散,寒则增其邪势;口淡不渴由于胃无热邪;或喜热饮因热能胜寒;苔薄白为寒痛之象,脉弦紧为弦脉主痛,紧脉主寒。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "仙方活命饮中配伍天花粉的主要用意是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "清热生津润燥",
423
+ "B": "散结消瘀续伤",
424
+ "C": "涤痰散结宽胸",
425
+ "D": "清热生津止渴",
426
+ "E": "清热化痰散结"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "E",
429
+ "reason": "仙方活命饮清热解毒,消肿溃坚,活血止痛,其中用贝母、天花粉清热化痰散结。复元活血汤活血祛瘀,疏肝通络,其中用瓜墓根消瘀散结而续伤为佐。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "癃的特点是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "小便不利,点滴而短少,病势较缓",
436
+ "B": "小便频急",
437
+ "C": "尿道灼痛",
438
+ "D": "小便闭塞,点滴不通,病势较急",
439
+ "E": "小便淋沥不尽"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "A",
442
+ "reason": "癃闭是指由于肾和膀胱气化失司而导致尿量减少,排尿困难,甚则小便闭塞不通为主症的一种疾病,其中又以小便不利,点滴而短少,病势较缓者为“癃”;以小便闭塞,点滴不通,病势较急者称为“闭”。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "复元活血汤中配伍瓜蒌根的主要用意是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "清热生津润燥",
449
+ "B": "散结消瘀续伤",
450
+ "C": "涤痰散结宽胸",
451
+ "D": "清热生津止渴",
452
+ "E": "清热化痰散结"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "B",
455
+ "reason": "仙方活命饮清热解毒,消肿溃坚,活血止痛,其中用贝母、天花粉清热化痰散结。复元活血汤活血祛瘀,疏肝通络,其中用瓜墓根消瘀散结而续伤为佐。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "闭的特点是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "小便不利,点滴而短少,病势较缓",
462
+ "B": "小便频急",
463
+ "C": "尿道灼痛",
464
+ "D": "小便闭塞,点滴不通,病势较急",
465
+ "E": "小便淋沥不尽"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "D",
468
+ "reason": "癃闭是指由于肾和膀胱气化失司而导致尿量减少,排尿困难,甚则小便闭塞不通为主症的一种疾病,其中又以小便不利,点滴而短少,病势较缓者为“癃”;以小便闭塞,点滴不通,病势较急者称为“闭”。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "股肿的常见病因是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "多食肥甘厚味",
475
+ "B": "产后、外伤、术后长期卧床",
476
+ "C": "长期站立、从事重体力劳动",
477
+ "D": "小腿皮肤破损感染毒邪",
478
+ "E": "大量吸烟,久居寒冷湿地"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "B",
481
+ "reason": "股肿是指血液在深静脉血管内发生异常凝固,而引起静脉阻塞血液回流障碍的疾病。病因主要是因为创伤或产后长期卧床,以致肢体气血运行不畅,气滞血瘀,瘀血阻于脉络,脉络滞塞不通,营血回流受阻,水津外溢,聚而为湿,而发本病。筋瘤是以筋脉色紫、盘曲突起状如蚯蚓、形成团块为主要表现的浅表静脉病变。由于长期从事站立负重工作,劳倦伤气,或多次妊娠等,使筋脉结块成瘤,"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "尿浊的主症是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "小便点滴短少",
488
+ "B": "小便浑浊如米泔水",
489
+ "C": "小便时尿道刺痛有血",
490
+ "D": "小便点滴不通",
491
+ "E": "小便有血"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "B",
494
+ "reason": "尿浊是以小便浑浊、白如泔浆为主症。血淋可见小便热涩刺痛,尿色深红。A项见于癃闭的癃证;D项见于癃闭的闭证;E项见于血尿。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "筋瘤的典型病因是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "多食肥甘厚味",
501
+ "B": "产后、外伤、术后长期卧床",
502
+ "C": "长期站立、从事重体力劳动",
503
+ "D": "小腿皮肤破损感染毒邪",
504
+ "E": "大量吸烟,久居寒冷湿地"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "C",
507
+ "reason": "股肿是指血液在深静脉血管内发生异常凝固,而引起静脉阻塞血液回流障碍的疾病。病因主要是因为创伤或产后长期卧床,以致肢体气血运行不畅,气滞血瘀,瘀血阻于脉络,脉络滞塞不通,营血回流受阻,水津外溢,聚而为湿,而发本病。筋瘤是以筋脉色紫、盘曲突起状如蚯蚓、形成团块为主要表现的浅表静脉病变。由于长期从事站立负重工作,劳倦伤气,或多次妊娠等,使筋脉结块成瘤,"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "血淋的主症是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "小便点滴短少",
514
+ "B": "小便浑浊如米泔水",
515
+ "C": "小便时尿道刺痛有血",
516
+ "D": "小便点滴不通",
517
+ "E": "小便有血"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "C",
520
+ "reason": "尿浊是以小便浑浊、白如泔浆为主症。血淋可见小便热涩刺痛,尿色深红。A项见于癃闭的癃证;D项见于癃闭的闭证;E项见于血尿。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "理中丸可用以治疗的病证是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "胸痹",
527
+ "B": "心悸",
528
+ "C": "胁痛",
529
+ "D": "眩晕",
530
+ "E": "头痛"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": "理中丸温中祛寒补气健脾。可治疗脾胃虚寒所致的胸痹。瓜蒌薤白白酒汤通阳散结,行气祛痰。主治胸阳不振,痰气互结之胸痹轻证。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "患者吐血鲜红,口苦胁痛,善怒,寐少梦多,烦躁不宁,舌质红绛,脉象弦数,其治疗宜用何方加减",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "黛蛤散合十灰散",
540
+ "B": "泻白散合黛蛤散",
541
+ "C": "玉女煎",
542
+ "D": "龙胆泻肝汤",
543
+ "E": "泻心汤"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "D",
546
+ "reason": "131题从患者症、舌、脉判断为肝火犯胃之吐血,治当以龙胆泻肝汤泻肝清胃,凉血止血。132题从患者症、舌、脉判断为肝火上炎之鼻衄,治当以龙胆泻肝汤清肝泻火,凉血止血。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "瓜蒌薤白白酒汤可用以治疗的病证是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "胸痹",
553
+ "B": "心悸",
554
+ "C": "胁痛",
555
+ "D": "眩晕",
556
+ "E": "头痛"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "A",
559
+ "reason": "理中丸温中祛寒补气健脾。可治疗脾胃虚寒所致的胸痹。瓜蒌薤白白酒汤通阳散结,行气祛痰。主治胸阳不振,痰气互结之胸痹轻证。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "患者鼻衄,头痛眩晕,目赤,烦躁易怒,口干,溲赤,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦数,其治疗宜用何方加减",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "黛蛤散合十灰散",
566
+ "B": "泻白散合黛蛤散",
567
+ "C": "玉女煎",
568
+ "D": "龙胆泻肝汤",
569
+ "E": "泻心汤"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "D",
572
+ "reason": "131题从患者症、舌、脉判断为肝火犯胃之吐血,治当以龙胆泻肝汤泻肝清胃,凉血止血。132题从患者症、舌、脉判断为肝火上炎之鼻衄,治当以龙胆泻肝汤清肝泻火,凉血止血。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸,可见",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "Murphy征阳性",
579
+ "B": "Courvoisier征阳性",
580
+ "C": "脐部压痛及反跳痛",
581
+ "D": "Courvoisier征阴性",
582
+ "E": "板状腹"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "B",
585
+ "reason": "Courvoisier征阳性:当胰头癌压迫胆总管导致阻塞,出现黄疸进行性加深,胆囊显著肿大,但无压痛,又称无痛性胆囊增大征阳性。Murphy征阳性:在深吸气时,发炎的胆囊下移碰到用力按压的拇指引起疼病,患者因疼痛而突然屏气,又称胆囊触病征。见于急性胆囊类。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "川芎茶调散主治",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "风邪外袭之头痛",
592
+ "B": "痰浊上逆之头痛",
593
+ "C": "血不上奉之头痛",
594
+ "D": "肝阳上亢之头痛",
595
+ "E": "瘀血阻络之头痛"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "A",
598
+ "reason": "川芎茶调散:疏风止痛,主治外感风邪头痛。天麻钩藤饮:平肝息风,清热活血,补益肝肾,主治肝阳偏亢,肝风上扰证之头痛。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "急性胆囊炎,可见",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "Murphy征阳性",
605
+ "B": "Courvoisier征阳性",
606
+ "C": "脐部压痛及反跳痛",
607
+ "D": "Courvoisier征阴性",
608
+ "E": "板状腹"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "A",
611
+ "reason": "Courvoisier征阳性:当胰头癌压迫胆总管导致阻塞,出现黄疸进行性加深,胆囊显著肿大,但无压痛,又称无痛性胆囊增大征阳性。Murphy征阳性:在深吸气时,发炎的胆囊下移碰到用力按压的拇指引起疼病,患者因疼痛而突然屏气,又称胆囊触病征。见于急性胆囊类。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "天麻钩藤饮主治",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "风邪外袭之头痛",
618
+ "B": "痰浊上逆之头痛",
619
+ "C": "血不上奉之头痛",
620
+ "D": "肝阳上亢之头痛",
621
+ "E": "瘀血阻络之头痛"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "D",
624
+ "reason": "川芎茶调散:疏风止痛,主治外感风邪头痛。天麻钩藤饮:平肝息风,清热活血,补益肝肾,主治肝阳偏亢,肝风上扰证之头痛。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "口唇紫绀,常见于",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "心功能不全",
631
+ "B": "贫血",
632
+ "C": "维生素B₂缺乏症",
633
+ "D": "脑血管疾病",
634
+ "E": "急性支气管炎"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "A",
637
+ "reason": "紫绀是皮肤呈青米色,出现在口唇常见于心功能不全。口角斜常见于颅脑血管病变和神经系统疾病。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "肾虚肝郁,血海蓄溢失常,可发生",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "月经先期",
644
+ "B": "月经后期",
645
+ "C": "月经先后无定期",
646
+ "D": "痛经",
647
+ "E": "闭经"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "C",
650
+ "reason": "素性抑郁,或愤怒过度,肝气逆乱,气乱则血乱,冲任失司,血海蓄溢失常,故经行先后无定期。先天禀赋不足,肾气虚衰,或房劳多产,或久病伤肾,耗伤肾气,则冲任不固,失于封藏,不能制约经血,遂致月经提前而至。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "口角斜,常见于",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "心功能不全",
657
+ "B": "贫血",
658
+ "C": "维生素B₂缺乏症",
659
+ "D": "脑血管疾病",
660
+ "E": "急性支气管炎"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "D",
663
+ "reason": "紫绀是皮肤呈青米色,出现在口唇常见于心功能不全。口角斜常见于颅脑血管病变和神经系统疾病。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "肾气虚,封藏失司,冲任不固,可发生",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "月经先期",
670
+ "B": "月经后期",
671
+ "C": "月经先后无定期",
672
+ "D": "痛经",
673
+ "E": "闭经"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "A",
676
+ "reason": "素性抑郁,或愤怒过度,肝气逆乱,气乱则血乱,冲任失司,血海蓄溢失常,故经行先后无定期。先天禀赋不足,肾气虚衰,或房劳多产,或久病伤肾,耗伤肾气,则冲任不固,失于封藏,不能制约经血,遂致月经提前而至。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "脑出血患者出现交叉性瘫痪、针尖样瞳孔和昏迷,判定出血部位是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "壳核出血",
683
+ "B": "丘脑出血",
684
+ "C": "脑桥出血",
685
+ "D": "小脑出血",
686
+ "E": "脑叶出血"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "C",
689
+ "reason": "壳核出血可出现典型的三偏征,即对侧偏瘫、对侧偏身感觉障碍和对侧同向偏盲。丘脑出血出现三偏征,以感觉障碍明显。脑桥出血表现为交叉性瘫痪、针尖样瞳孔和昏迷。小脑出血表现为眩晕、共济失调而无瘫痪。脑叶出血可有头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征及出血脑叶的定位症状。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "干疳的治疗,应首选方药",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "防己黄芪汤合五苓散",
696
+ "B": "肥儿丸",
697
+ "C": "资生健脾丸",
698
+ "D": "八珍汤",
699
+ "E": "泻心导赤散"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "D",
702
+ "reason": "干疳选用八珍汤,补益气血;疳肿胀用防己黄芪汤合五苓散,温阳健脾、利水消肿。B项用于疳积证,C项用于疳气证。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "脑出血患者表现为眩晕、共济失调而无瘫痪,可能的出血部位是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "壳核出血",
709
+ "B": "丘脑出血",
710
+ "C": "脑桥出血",
711
+ "D": "小脑出血",
712
+ "E": "脑叶出血"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "D",
715
+ "reason": "壳核出血可出现典型的三偏征,即对侧偏瘫、对侧偏身感觉障碍和对侧同向偏盲。丘脑出血出现三偏征,以感觉障碍明显。脑桥出血表现为交叉性瘫痪、针尖样瞳孔和昏迷。小脑出血表现为眩晕、共济失调而无瘫痪。脑叶出血可有头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征及出血脑叶的定位症状。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "疳肿胀的治疗,应首选方药",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "防己黄芪汤合五苓散",
722
+ "B": "肥儿丸",
723
+ "C": "资生健脾丸",
724
+ "D": "八珍汤",
725
+ "E": "泻心导赤散"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "A",
728
+ "reason": "干疳选用八珍汤,补益气血;疳肿胀用防己黄芪汤合五苓散,温阳健脾、利水消肿。B项用于疳积证,C项用于疳气证。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "肝硬化最严重的并发症,可出现",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "扑翼样震颤",
735
+ "B": "出血倾向",
736
+ "C": "皮肤色素沉着",
737
+ "D": "脾大",
738
+ "E": "夜盲症"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "A",
741
+ "reason": "肝硬化最严重的并发症是肝性脑病,见扑翼样震颤。肝硬化门脉高压可出现脾大、腹水、侧支循环建立和开放。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "治疗哮喘痰热阻肺证应首选的方剂是",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "炙甘草汤",
748
+ "B": "麻杏石甘汤",
749
+ "C": "麻杏石甘汤合苏葶丸",
750
+ "D": "黄连解毒汤合麻杏石甘汤",
751
+ "E": "麻杏石甘汤合葶苈大枣泻肺汤"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "C",
754
+ "reason": "哮喘痰热阻肺证治宜清肺涤痰,止咳平喘,代表方为麻杏石甘汤合苏葶丸。肺炎喘嗽痰热闭肺证治宜清热涤痰,开肺定喘,代表方为麻杏石甘汤合葶苈大枣泻肺汤。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "肝硬化门脉高压,可出现",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "扑翼样震颤",
761
+ "B": "出血倾向",
762
+ "C": "皮肤色素沉着",
763
+ "D": "脾大",
764
+ "E": "夜盲症"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "D",
767
+ "reason": "肝硬化最严重的并发症是肝性脑病,见扑翼样震颤。肝硬化门脉高压可出现脾大、腹水、侧支循环建立和开放。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽痰热闭肺证应首选的方剂是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "炙甘草汤",
774
+ "B": "麻杏石甘汤",
775
+ "C": "麻杏石甘汤合苏葶丸",
776
+ "D": "黄连解毒汤合麻杏石甘汤",
777
+ "E": "麻杏石甘汤合葶苈大枣泻肺汤"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "E",
780
+ "reason": "哮喘痰热阻肺证治宜清肺涤痰,止咳平喘,代表方为麻杏石甘汤合苏葶丸。肺炎喘嗽痰热闭肺证治宜清热涤痰,开肺定喘,代表方为麻杏石甘汤合葶苈大枣泻肺汤。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "卫生法立法目的在于",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "保护人民身体健康",
787
+ "B": "维护医务人员合法权益",
788
+ "C": "维护医疗机构权益",
789
+ "D": "维护医患双方权益",
790
+ "E": "维护社会卫生公共秩序"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "卫生法指由国家制定或认可,并由国家强制保证实施,旨在保护人体生命健康的各种法律规范的总和。国家卫生监督作为卫生立法基本原则之一,通过监督以维护社会卫生公共秩序,"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "患者产后遍身疼痛,四肢关节刺痛,重着、肿胀,屈伸不利,伴小腹疼痛拒按,恶露色黯红、下而不畅,舌质紫黯,脉弦涩,其治法为",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "养血益气,温经通络",
800
+ "B": "养血益气止痛",
801
+ "C": "祛风散寒止痛",
802
+ "D": "补肾养血,强腰壮骨",
803
+ "E": "养血活血,化瘀祛湿"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "E",
806
+ "reason": "两题均属产后身痛,但根据局部症状、兼证及舌脉,141题应属于血瘀证,治以养血活血,化瘀祛湿。142题应属于血虚证,治以养血益气,温经通络。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "国家卫生监督作为卫生立法基本原则之一,通过监督以",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "保护人民身体健康",
813
+ "B": "维护医务人员合法权益",
814
+ "C": "维护医疗机构权益",
815
+ "D": "维护医患双方权益",
816
+ "E": "维护社会卫生公共秩序"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "E",
819
+ "reason": "卫生法指由国家制定或认可,并由国家强制保证实施,旨在保护人体生命健康的各种法律规范的总和。国家卫生监督作为卫生立法基本原则之一,通过监督以维护社会卫生公共秩序,"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "患者产后,遍身疼痛,关节酸楚,肢体麻木,面色萎黄,头晕心悸,气短乏力,舌淡红,苔薄白,脉细弱,其治法为",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "养血益气,温经通络",
826
+ "B": "养血益气止痛",
827
+ "C": "祛风散寒止痛",
828
+ "D": "补肾养血,强腰壮骨",
829
+ "E": "养血活血,化瘀祛湿"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "A",
832
+ "reason": "两题均属产后身痛,但根据局部症状、兼证及舌脉,141题应属于血瘀证,治以养血活血,化瘀祛湿。142题应属于血虚证,治以养血益气,温经通络。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "三级医疗事故是指",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "抢救重危患者生命而采取紧急医疗措施造成不良后果",
839
+ "B": "造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍",
840
+ "C": "造成患者中度残疾、器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍",
841
+ "D": "造成患者明显人身损害的其他后果",
842
+ "E": "造成患者死亡、重度残疾"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "B",
845
+ "reason": "一级医疗事故:造成患者死亡、重度残疾的。二级医疗事故:造成患者中度残疾、器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍的。三级医疗事故:造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍的。四级医疗事故:造成患者明显人身损害的其他后果的,"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "有“疮家圣药”之称的药物是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "白芷",
852
+ "B": "连翘",
853
+ "C": "天花粉",
854
+ "D": "知母",
855
+ "E": "石膏"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "B",
858
+ "reason": "连翘:苦寒,主入心经,既能清心火,解疮毒,又能消散痈肿结聚,有“疮家圣药”之称。知母:清热泻火,生津润燥。用于热病烦渴;肺热燥咳,清肺火,润肺燥;骨蒸潮热,内热消渴;肠燥便秘。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "四级医疗事故是指",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "抢救重危患者生命而采取紧急医疗措施造成不良后果",
865
+ "B": "造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍",
866
+ "C": "造成患者中度残疾、器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍",
867
+ "D": "造成患者明显人身损害的其他后果",
868
+ "E": "造成患者死亡、重度残疾"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "D",
871
+ "reason": "一级医疗事故:造成患者死亡、重度残疾的。二级医疗事故:造成患者中度残疾、器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍的。三级医疗事故:造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍的。四级医疗事故:造成患者明显人身损害的其他后果的,"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "既能清热泻火,又可滋阴润肺的药物是",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "白芷",
878
+ "B": "连翘",
879
+ "C": "天花粉",
880
+ "D": "知母",
881
+ "E": "石膏"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "连翘:苦寒,主入心经,既能清心火,解疮毒,又能消散痈肿结聚,有“疮家圣药”之称。知母:清热泻火,生津润燥。用于热病烦渴;肺热燥咳,清肺火,润肺燥;骨蒸潮热,内热消渴;肠燥便秘。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的良心是指",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
891
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命",
892
+ "C": "医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
893
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
894
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "C",
897
+ "reason": "医学道德良心主要是对所负道德责任的自我感知能力和对道德行为的自我评价能力。医学道德情感包括同情感、责任感和事业感,是医务人员在医疗活动中对自己和他人行为之间关系的内心体验和自然流露。由此可见,C项的表述更接近“良知”的含义,E项的表述更接近“情感”的含义。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "治疗小儿泄泻脾虚证,应首选的方剂是",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "葛根黄芩黄连汤",
904
+ "B": "藿香正气散",
905
+ "C": "保和丸",
906
+ "D": "参苓白术散",
907
+ "E": "四神丸"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "D",
910
+ "reason": "小儿泄泻脾虚证用参苓白术散以健脾益气,助运止泻。风寒泻用藿香正气散疏风散寒,化湿和中。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的情感是指",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
917
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命",
918
+ "C": "医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
919
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
920
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "E",
923
+ "reason": "医学道德良心主要是对所负道德责任的自我感知能力和对道德行为的自我评价能力。医学道德情感包括同情感、责任感和事业感,是医务人员在医疗活动中对自己和他人行为之间关系的内心体验和自然流露。由此可见,C项的表述更接近“良知”的含义,E项的表述更接近“情感”的含义。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗小儿泄泻风寒证,应首选的方剂是",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "葛根黄芩黄连汤",
930
+ "B": "藿香正气散",
931
+ "C": "保和丸",
932
+ "D": "参苓白术散",
933
+ "E": "四神丸"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "B",
936
+ "reason": "小儿泄泻脾虚证用参苓白术散以健脾益气,助运止泻。风寒泻用藿香正气散疏风散寒,化湿和中。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "医学道德保密的作用最核心的是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "体现了患者对医务人员的无比信任",
943
+ "B": "体现了医务人员对患者人格和权利的尊重",
944
+ "C": "有利于保护医务人员个人的权利",
945
+ "D": "有利于医护工作的开展和医护质量的提高",
946
+ "E": "可以避免因泄密而给患者带来危害和发生医患纠纷"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "B",
949
+ "reason": "医学道德保密体现了患者对医务人员的信任,也体现了医务人员对患者人格和权利的尊重,有利于建立良好的医患关系。最核心的是体现了医务人员对患者人格和权利的尊重。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "常用于治疗痴呆、中风、半身不遂等髓海不足疾患的腧穴是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "丘墟",
956
+ "B": "悬钟",
957
+ "C": "侠溪",
958
+ "D": "足窍阴",
959
+ "E": "足临泣"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "B",
962
+ "reason": "悬钟主治:①痴呆、中风、半身不遂等髓海不足疾患;②颈项强痛,胸胁满痛,下肢痿痹,脚气。丘墟主治:①目赤肿痛、目生翳膜等目疾;②下肢痿痹、颈项痛、腋下肿、胸胁痛、外踝肿痛、足内翻、足下垂等;③疟疾。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "医学道德保密的作用中提法不正确的是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "体现了患者对医务人员的无比信任",
969
+ "B": "体现了医务人员对患者人格和权利的尊重",
970
+ "C": "有利于保护医务人员个人的权利",
971
+ "D": "有利于医护工作的开展和医护质量的提高",
972
+ "E": "可以避免因泄密而给患者带来危害和发生医患纠纷"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "C",
975
+ "reason": "医学道德保密体现了患者对医务人员的信任,也体现了医务人员对患者人格和权利的尊重,有利于建立良好的医患关系。最核心的是体现了医务人员对患者人格和权利的尊重。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "常用于治疗目赤肿痛、足内翻、足下垂的腧穴是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "丘墟",
982
+ "B": "悬钟",
983
+ "C": "侠溪",
984
+ "D": "足窍阴",
985
+ "E": "足临泣"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "A",
988
+ "reason": "悬钟主治:①痴呆、中风、半身不遂等髓海不足疾患;②颈项强痛,胸胁满痛,下肢痿痹,脚气。丘墟主治:①目赤肿痛、目生翳膜等目疾;②下肢痿痹、颈项痛、腋下肿、胸胁痛、外踝肿痛、足内翻、足下垂等;③疟疾。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎的治疗首选",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "青霉素",
995
+ "B": "氯霉素",
996
+ "C": "甲硝唑",
997
+ "D": "环丙沙星",
998
+ "E": "庆大霉素"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "A",
1001
+ "reason": "青要素为治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎的首选药,较大剂量青要素能使脑脊液内药物达到有效浓度;氟喹诺酮类是治户你宾的告涉些因的兹物有环丙沙星,左氧氟沙星等。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "治疗阳气暴脱,可于神阙穴施",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "雷火灸",
1008
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
1009
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
1010
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
1011
+ "E": "隔泥灸"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "D",
1014
+ "reason": "隔盐灸多用于伤寒阴证或吐泻并作、中风脱证,有回阳、救逆、固脱之力。隔姜灸常用于因寒而致呕吐、腹痛、腹泻及风寒痹痛等。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "伤寒的治疗首选",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "青霉素",
1021
+ "B": "氯霉素",
1022
+ "C": "甲硝唑",
1023
+ "D": "环丙沙星",
1024
+ "E": "庆大霉素"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "D",
1027
+ "reason": "青要素为治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎的首选药,较大剂量青要素能使脑脊液内药物达到有效浓度;氟喹诺酮类是治户你宾的告涉些因的兹物有环丙沙星,左氧氟沙星等。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "治疗风寒痹痛常用",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "雷火灸",
1034
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
1035
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
1036
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
1037
+ "E": "隔泥灸"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "B",
1040
+ "reason": "隔盐灸多用于伤寒阴证或吐泻并作、中风脱证,有回阳、救逆、固脱之力。隔姜灸常用于因寒而致呕吐、腹痛、腹泻及风寒痹痛等。"
1041
+ }
1042
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "风寒表证的寒热特点是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "恶寒重发热轻",
7
+ "B": "发热重恶寒轻",
8
+ "C": "发热轻而恶风",
9
+ "D": "但恶寒不发热",
10
+ "E": "但发热不恶寒"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": "有恶案重发热轻,是风寒表证的特征。发热重恶寒轻,是风热表证的特征。发热轻而恶风,是伤风表证的特征。但码寒不发热,,是里寄证的特征。但发热不显寒,是里热证的特征。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "风热表证的寒热特点是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "恶寒重发热轻",
20
+ "B": "发热重恶寒轻",
21
+ "C": "发热轻而恶风",
22
+ "D": "但恶寒不发热",
23
+ "E": "但发热不恶寒"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "B",
26
+ "reason": "有恶案重发热轻,是风寒表证的特征。发热重恶寒轻,是风热表证的特征。发热轻而恶风,是伤风表证的特征。但码寒不发热,,是里寄证的特征。但发热不显寒,是里热证的特征。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "心悸怔忡,纳呆腹胀,便溏乏力,舌淡嫩,脉弱,其证候是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "心肝血虚证",
33
+ "B": "心肾阴虚证",
34
+ "C": "脾肺气虚证",
35
+ "D": "心肾不交证",
36
+ "E": "心脾气血虚证"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "E",
39
+ "reason": "心脾气血虚证:指脾气亏虚,心血不足,以心悸、神疲、头尝、食少、腹胀、便溏为主要表现。临床表现:心悸怔仲,头晕,多梦,健忘,食欲不振,腹胀,便溏,神疲乏力,或见皮下紫斑,女子月经量少色淡、淋漓不尽,面色萎黄,舌淡嫩,脉弱。心肾不交证:指心与肾阴液亏虚,阳气偏亢,以心烦失眠、梦遗、耳鸣、腰酸等为主要表现。临床表现:心烦失眠,惊悸健忘,头晕,耳鸣.腰膝酸软,.梦遗,口咽干燥,五心烦热,湖热盗汗,便结尿黄,舌红少苦,脉细数。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "心烦失眠,腰膝酸软,遗精盗汗,舌红少苔,脉细数,其证候是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "心肝血虚证",
46
+ "B": "心肾阴虚证",
47
+ "C": "脾肺气虚证",
48
+ "D": "心肾不交证",
49
+ "E": "心脾气血虚证"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "D",
52
+ "reason": "心脾气血虚证:指脾气亏虚,心血不足,以心悸、神疲、头尝、食少、腹胀、便溏为主要表现。临床表现:心悸怔仲,头晕,多梦,健忘,食欲不振,腹胀,便溏,神疲乏力,或见皮下紫斑,女子月经量少色淡、淋漓不尽,面色萎黄,舌淡嫩,脉弱。心肾不交证:指心与肾阴液亏虚,阳气偏亢,以心烦失眠、梦遗、耳鸣、腰酸等为主要表现。临床表现:心烦失眠,惊悸健忘,头晕,耳鸣.腰膝酸软,.梦遗,口咽干燥,五心烦热,湖热盗汗,便结尿黄,舌红少苦,脉细数。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "急性胆囊炎出现的体征是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "麦氏点压痛",
59
+ "B": "墨菲征阳性",
60
+ "C": "液波震颤阳性",
61
+ "D": "振水音阳性",
62
+ "E": "移动性浊音阳性"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "B",
65
+ "reason": "A项提示急性阑尾炎;B项提示和急性胆囊炎;C项提示腹腔内有大量游离液体;D项提示正常人餐后或大量饮水后;若空腹出现则提示胃内有液体潴留,见于胃扩张、幽门梗阻及胃液分泌过多等;E项提示肝硬化门静脉高压症、右侧心力衰竭、肾病综合枉严重营养不良以及渗出性腹膜炎等引起的腹水。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "幽门梗阻出现的体征是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "麦氏点压痛",
72
+ "B": "墨菲征阳性",
73
+ "C": "液波震颤阳性",
74
+ "D": "振水音阳性",
75
+ "E": "移动性浊音阳性"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "A项提示急性阑尾炎;B项提示和急性胆囊炎;C项提示腹腔内有大量游离液体;D项提示正常人餐后或大量饮水后;若空腹出现则提示胃内有液体潴留,见于胃扩张、幽门梗阻及胃液分泌过多等;E项提示肝硬化门静脉高压症、右侧心力衰竭、肾病综合枉严重营养不良以及渗出性腹膜炎等引起的腹水。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "主治胸中血瘀证的方剂是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "温经汤",
85
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
86
+ "C": "复元活血汤",
87
+ "D": "补阳还五汤",
88
+ "E": "桃核承气汤"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "血府逐瘀汤:活血化瘀.行气止痛,主治胸中血瘀证。温经汤:温经散寒,养血祛瘀,主治冲任虚寒,瘀血阻滞证。复元活血汤:活血祛瘀,疏肝通络,主治跌打损伤、瘀血阻滞证。补阳还五汤:补气,活血,通络,主治中风之气虚血瘀证。桃核承气汤:逐瘀泄热.主治下焦蓄血证。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "主治冲任虚寒,瘀血阻滞证的方剂是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "温经��",
98
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
99
+ "C": "复元活血汤",
100
+ "D": "补阳还五汤",
101
+ "E": "桃核承气汤"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "A",
104
+ "reason": "血府逐瘀汤:活血化瘀.行气止痛,主治胸中血瘀证。温经汤:温经散寒,养血祛瘀,主治冲任虚寒,瘀血阻滞证。复元活血汤:活血祛瘀,疏肝通络,主治跌打损伤、瘀血阻滞证。补阳还五汤:补气,活血,通络,主治中风之气虚血瘀证。桃核承气汤:逐瘀泄热.主治下焦蓄血证。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "表现为气不固证的临床表现是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "面色苍白,口唇青紫",
111
+ "B": "头晕眼花,气短疲乏",
112
+ "C": "脘腹坠胀,便意频频,久泄脱肛",
113
+ "D": "神疲乏力,气短,汗出不止,劳累后加重",
114
+ "E": "全身瘫软,神志朦胧"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "D",
117
+ "reason": "气不固证临床表现:气短,疲乏,面白,舌质淡,脉虚无力;或见自汗不止;或为流涎不止;或见遗尿,余溺不尽.小便失禁;或为大便滑脱失禁;或妇女出现崩漏,或为滑胎,小产;或见男子遗精、滑精、早泄等。脾虚气陷证临床表现:脘腹重险作胀,食后益甚,或便意频数,肛门重坠,或久泄不止,甚或脱肛,或小便浑浊如米泔,或内脏、子宫下垂,气短懒言,神疲乏力,头晕目眩,面白无华,食少,便溏,,舌质淡苔白,脉缓或弱。A项和E项见于气脱证,B项见于气逆证。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "表现为脾虚气陷证的临床表现是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "面色苍白,口唇青紫",
124
+ "B": "头晕眼花,气短疲乏",
125
+ "C": "脘腹坠胀,便意频频,久泄脱肛",
126
+ "D": "神疲乏力,气短,汗出不止,劳累后加重",
127
+ "E": "全身瘫软,神志朦胧"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "C",
130
+ "reason": "气不固证临床表现:气短,疲乏,面白,舌质淡,脉虚无力;或见自汗不止;或为流涎不止;或见遗尿,余溺不尽.小便失禁;或为大便滑脱失禁;或妇女出现崩漏,或为滑胎,小产;或见男子遗精、滑精、早泄等。脾虚气陷证临床表现:脘腹重险作胀,食后益甚,或便意频数,肛门重坠,或久泄不止,甚或脱肛,或小便浑浊如米泔,或内脏、子宫下垂,气短懒言,神疲乏力,头晕目眩,面白无华,食少,便溏,,舌质淡苔白,脉缓或弱。A项和E项见于气脱证,B项见于气逆证。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "七情内伤,易伤肺的是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "惊",
137
+ "B": "怒",
138
+ "C": "喜",
139
+ "D": "恐",
140
+ "E": "悲"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "E",
143
+ "reason": "七情内伤:心在志为喜,过喜则伤心;肝在志为怒,过怒则伤肝;脾在志为思,过度思虑则伤脾;肺在志为悲为忧,过悲则伤肺;肾在志为恐,过恐则伤肾。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "七情内伤,易伤肾的是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "惊",
150
+ "B": "怒",
151
+ "C": "喜",
152
+ "D": "恐",
153
+ "E": "悲"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "D",
156
+ "reason": "七情内伤:心在志为喜,过喜则伤心;肝在志为怒,过怒则伤肝;脾在志为思,过度思虑则伤脾;肺在志为悲为忧,过悲则伤肺;肾在志为恐,过恐则伤肾。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "具有滋补肝肾功效的药物是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "西洋参",
163
+ "B": "大枣",
164
+ "C": "麦门冬",
165
+ "D": "山药",
166
+ "E": "女贞子"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "E",
169
+ "reason": "女贞子的功效;滋补肝肾,明目乌发。大枣的功效:补中益气,养血安神。西洋参的功效:补气养阴,清热生津。山药的功效;补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。麦门冬的功效:养阴润肺,益胃生津,清心除烦。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "具有养血安神功效的药物是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "西洋参",
176
+ "B": "大枣",
177
+ "C": "麦门冬",
178
+ "D": "山药",
179
+ "E": "女贞子"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "B",
182
+ "reason": "女贞子的功效;滋补肝肾,明目乌发。大枣的功效:补中益气,养血安神。西洋参的功效:补气养阴,清热生津。山药的功效;补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。麦门冬的功效:养阴润肺,益胃生津,清心除烦。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "上述各项,可出现巴宾斯基征阳性的是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "高血压病",
189
+ "B": "锥体束病变",
190
+ "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血",
191
+ "D": "坐骨神经痛",
192
+ "E": "腰椎间盘突出"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "B",
195
+ "reason": "巴宾斯基征提示锥体束病变;颈强直见于脑膜类、蛛网膜下腔出血、颈椎病、颈部肌肉病变等。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "上述各项,可出现颈强直的是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "高血压病",
202
+ "B": "锥体束病变",
203
+ "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血",
204
+ "D": "坐骨神经痛",
205
+ "E": "腰椎间盘突出"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "C",
208
+ "reason": "巴宾斯基征提示锥体束病变;颈强直见于脑膜类、蛛网膜下腔出血、颈椎病、颈部肌肉病变等。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "具有舒筋活络功效的药物是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "五加皮",
215
+ "B": "桑寄生",
216
+ "C": "狗脊",
217
+ "D": "木瓜",
218
+ "E": "川乌"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "D",
221
+ "reason": "木瓜功效:舒盘活络.和胃化温。川乌功效:祛风湿,温经止痛。五加皮功效:祛凤湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,利水。桑寄生功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。狗脊功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "具有温经止痛功效的药物是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "五加皮",
228
+ "B": "桑寄生",
229
+ "C": "狗脊",
230
+ "D": "木瓜",
231
+ "E": "川乌"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "E",
234
+ "reason": "木瓜功效:舒盘活络.和胃化温。川乌功效:祛风湿,温经止痛。五加皮功效:祛凤湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,利水。桑寄生功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。狗脊功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "治疗湿热黄疸,应选用的药物是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "巴豆",
241
+ "B": "芫花",
242
+ "C": "大黄",
243
+ "D": "甘遂",
244
+ "E": "芒硝"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "C",
247
+ "reason": "大黄主治实热积滞便秘,血热吐衄.目赤咽肿,痈肿疗疮、肠痈腹痛,瘀血经闭、.产后瘀阻.跌打损伤,湿热痢疾、黄疸尿赤、淋证.水肿,烧波伤。巴豆主治寒积便秘,小儿乳食停积,腹水鼓胀.二便不通,,喉风、喉痹,痛肿脓成末溃、疥癣恶疮、疣痣。芫花主治水肿胀满,胸腹积水、痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,疥癣秃疮、痈肿、冻疮。甘遂主治水肿胀满、胸腹积水,痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,风痰癫痫,痈肿疮毒。芒硝主治实热积滞、腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈腹痛,乳痈、痔疮肿痛、咽痛口疮、目赤肿痛。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "治疗瘀血经闭,应选用的药物是",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "巴豆",
254
+ "B": "芫花",
255
+ "C": "大黄",
256
+ "D": "甘遂",
257
+ "E": "芒硝"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "C",
260
+ "reason": "大黄主治实热积滞便秘,血热吐衄.目赤咽肿,痈肿疗疮、肠痈腹痛,瘀血经闭、.产后瘀阻.跌打损伤,湿热痢疾、黄疸尿赤、淋证.水肿,烧波伤。巴豆主治寒积便秘,小儿乳食停积,腹水鼓胀.二便不通,,喉风、喉痹,痛肿脓成末溃、疥癣恶疮、疣痣。芫花主治水肿胀满,胸腹积水、痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,疥癣秃疮、痈肿、冻疮。甘遂主治水肿胀满、胸腹积水,痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,风痰癫痫,痈肿疮毒。芒硝主治实热积滞、腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈腹痛,乳痈、痔疮肿痛、咽痛口疮、目赤肿痛。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "上述各项,君药指的是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "具有调和方中诸药作用的药物",
267
+ "B": "引方中诸药至特定病所的药物",
268
+ "C": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物",
269
+ "D": "针对兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物",
270
+ "E": "直接治疗次要兼证的药物"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "C",
273
+ "reason": "A项为使药(调和药);B项为使药(引经药);C项为君药;D项为臣药;D项为佐药(佐助药)。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "上述各项,臣药指的是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "具有调和方中诸药作用的药物",
280
+ "B": "引方中诸药至特定病所的药物",
281
+ "C": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物",
282
+ "D": "针对兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物",
283
+ "E": "直接治疗次要兼证的药物"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "D",
286
+ "reason": "A项为使药(调和药);B项为使药(引经药);C项为君药;D项为臣药;D项为佐药(佐助药)。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "与五更泄泻的形成关系最密切的两脏是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "肝肾",
293
+ "B": "肺脾",
294
+ "C": "心肺",
295
+ "D": "脾肾",
296
+ "E": "肝脾"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "D",
299
+ "reason": "了中医认为,五更泄泻主要由于命门火衰,火不暖土,脾失健运,肠失固涩所致。肝肾阴阳之间存在着互资互制的联系。肾阴与肾阳为五脏阴阳之本,肾阴滋养肝阴,共同制约肝阳;肾阳资助肝阳,温煦肝脉,防其寒滞。肝肾阴阳之间互制互用维持了肝肾之间的协调平衡。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "具有阴明互资互制关系的两脏是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "肝肾",
306
+ "B": "肺脾",
307
+ "C": "心肺",
308
+ "D": "脾肾",
309
+ "E": "肝脾"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "A",
312
+ "reason": "了中医认为,五更泄泻主要由于命门火衰,火不暖土,脾失健运,肠失固涩所致。���肾阴阳之间存在着互资互制的联系。肾阴与肾阳为五脏阴阳之本,肾阴滋养肝阴,共同制约肝阳;肾阳资助肝阳,温煦肝脉,防其寒滞。肝肾阴阳之间互制互用维持了肝肾之间的协调平衡。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "暑性炎热,故致病可出现的症状是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "心烦脉洪",
319
+ "B": "气短乏力",
320
+ "C": "四肢困倦",
321
+ "D": "尿赤短少",
322
+ "E": "头昏目眩"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "A",
325
+ "reason": "暑为阳邪,其性炎热:暑为盛夏火热之气所化,故暑邪为阳邪。暑邪伤人多表现为一系列阳热症状,如高热,心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。暑多夹湿:暑季气候炎热,且常多雨潮湿,热蒸湿动,故署邪致病,多夹湿邪为患、临床表现除发热、烦渴等暑热症状外、常可见身热不扬,汗出不畅,四肢困重、倦怠乏力、胸闷呕恶、大便溏泄不爽等湿滞症状。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "治疗痢疾休息痢,应首选的方剂是()",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "白头翁汤",
332
+ "B": "芍药汤",
333
+ "C": "连理汤",
334
+ "D": "桃花汤",
335
+ "E": "驻车丸"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "C",
338
+ "reason": "痢疾休息痢治宜温中清肠,调气化滞,方选连理汤加减。痢疾湿热痢治宜清肠化湿,调气和血,方选芍药汤加减。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "暑性挟湿,故致病可出现的症状是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "心烦脉洪",
345
+ "B": "气短乏力",
346
+ "C": "四肢困倦",
347
+ "D": "尿赤短少",
348
+ "E": "头昏目眩"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "暑为阳邪,其性炎热:暑为盛夏火热之气所化,故暑邪为阳邪。暑邪伤人多表现为一系列阳热症状,如高热,心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。暑多夹湿:暑季气候炎热,且常多雨潮湿,热蒸湿动,故署邪致病,多夹湿邪为患、临床表现除发热、烦渴等暑热症状外、常可见身热不扬,汗出不畅,四肢困重、倦怠乏力、胸闷呕恶、大便溏泄不爽等湿滞症状。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "治疗痢疾湿热痢,应首选的方剂是()",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "白头翁汤",
358
+ "B": "芍药汤",
359
+ "C": "连理汤",
360
+ "D": "桃花汤",
361
+ "E": "驻车丸"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "B",
364
+ "reason": "痢疾休息痢治宜温中清肠,调气化滞,方选连理汤加减。痢疾湿热痢治宜清肠化湿,调气和血,方选芍药汤加减。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "上消化道大出血的粪便特点是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "水样稀便",
371
+ "B": "黏液脓血便",
372
+ "C": "鲜血便",
373
+ "D": "柏油样便",
374
+ "E": "米泔样便"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "D",
377
+ "reason": "A项见于急性胃肠炎、甲亢等;B项见于痢疾、溃疡性结肠炎、直肠癌等;C项见于肠道下段出血,如痔疮、肛裂、直肠癌等;D项见于上消化道由血;E项见于霍乱。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "治疗气郁发热证,应首选的方剂是()",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
384
+ "B": "黄连温胆汤",
385
+ "C": "补中益气汤",
386
+ "D": "金匮肾气丸",
387
+ "E": "丹栀逍遥散"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "E",
390
+ "reason": "内伤发热气郁发热证治宜疏肝理气,解郁泄热,方选丹栀逍遥散加减。内伤发热气虚发热证治宜益气健脾,甘温除热,方选补中益气汤加减。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "霍乱的粪便特点是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "水样稀便",
397
+ "B": "黏液脓血便",
398
+ "C": "鲜血便",
399
+ "D": "柏油样便",
400
+ "E": "米泔样便"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "E",
403
+ "reason": "A项见于急性胃肠炎、甲亢等;B项见于痢疾、溃疡性结肠炎、直肠癌等;C项见于肠道下段出血,如痔疮、肛裂、直肠癌等;D项见于上消化道由血;E项见于霍乱。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "治疗气虚发热证,应首选的方剂是()",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
410
+ "B": "黄连温胆汤",
411
+ "C": "补中益气汤",
412
+ "D": "金匮肾气丸",
413
+ "E": "丹栀逍遥散"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "C",
416
+ "reason": "内伤发热气郁发热证治宜疏肝理气,解郁泄热,方选丹栀逍遥散加减。内伤发热气虚发热证治宜益气健脾,甘温除热,方选补中益气汤加减。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "外敬散含有的药物是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "青皮",
423
+ "B": "地骨皮",
424
+ "C": "牡丹皮",
425
+ "D": "橘皮",
426
+ "E": "梨皮"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "D",
429
+ "reason": "杏苏散组成药物,苏叶、半夏、茯苓、前胡、杏仁、苦桔梗、枳壳、橘皮、甘草、大枣、生姜。泻白散组成药物:桑白皮、地骨皮、粳米、甘草。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "痹症���痹的主症特点是()",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "肢体关节疼痛,游走不定",
436
+ "B": "肢体关节疼痛,遇寒加重",
437
+ "C": "肢体关节疼痛,重着酸楚",
438
+ "D": "肢体关节疼痛,灼热红肿",
439
+ "E": "肢体关节疼痛,僵硬变形"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "B",
442
+ "reason": "A项为痹症行痹,B项为痹症痛痹,C项为痹症着痹,D项为风湿热痹,E项为痹症痰瘀痹阻证。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "泻白散中含有的药肉是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "青皮",
449
+ "B": "地骨皮",
450
+ "C": "牡丹皮",
451
+ "D": "橘皮",
452
+ "E": "梨皮"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "B",
455
+ "reason": "杏苏散组成药物,苏叶、半夏、茯苓、前胡、杏仁、苦桔梗、枳壳、橘皮、甘草、大枣、生姜。泻白散组成药物:桑白皮、地骨皮、粳米、甘草。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "痹症着痹的主症特点是()",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "肢体关节疼痛,游走不定",
462
+ "B": "肢体关节疼痛,遇寒加重",
463
+ "C": "肢体关节疼痛,重着酸楚",
464
+ "D": "肢体关节疼痛,灼热红肿",
465
+ "E": "肢体关节疼痛,僵硬变形"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "C",
468
+ "reason": "A项为痹症行痹,B项为痹症痛痹,C项为痹症着痹,D项为风湿热痹,E项为痹症痰瘀痹阻证。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "川芎茶调散中偏于治阳明头痛的药物是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "荆芥",
475
+ "B": "细辛",
476
+ "C": "白芷",
477
+ "D": "川芎",
478
+ "E": "羌活"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "C",
481
+ "reason": "川芎茶调散中羌活偏治太阳经头痛:白芷偏治阳明经头滴;细辛偏治少阴经头痛。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "多发于儿童头部的疾病是()",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "有头疖",
488
+ "B": "无头疖",
489
+ "C": "暑疖",
490
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
491
+ "E": "疖病"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "D",
494
+ "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。疖病:好发于项后发际、背部、臀部,几个到几十个,反复发作,缠绵不愈。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "川芎茶调散中偏于治太阳头痛的药物是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "荆芥",
501
+ "B": "细辛",
502
+ "C": "白芷",
503
+ "D": "川芎",
504
+ "E": "羌活"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "E",
507
+ "reason": "川芎茶调散中羌活偏治太阳经头痛:白芷偏治阳明经头滴;细辛偏治少阴经头痛。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "好发于项后发际的疾病是()",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "有头疖",
514
+ "B": "无头疖",
515
+ "C": "暑疖",
516
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
517
+ "E": "疖病"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "E",
520
+ "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。疖病:好发于项后发际、背部、臀部,几个到几十个,反复发作,缠绵不愈。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "白茅根的主治病证是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "肺热咳嗽",
527
+ "B": "肠燥便秘",
528
+ "C": "肺虚久咳",
529
+ "D": "瘀血痛证",
530
+ "E": "胃寒呕吐"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": "白茅根甘,寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。功效:凉血止血,清热利尿。主治血热吐血,衄血,尿血;热病烦渴,肺热咳嗽,胃热呕吐;温热黄疸,水肿尿少,热淋涩痛。蒲黄甘,平。归肝、心包经。功效:止血,化瘀,通淋。主治吐血,衄血,咯血,崩漏,外伤出血;经闭痛经,胸腹刺病痛,跌仆肿痛;血淋涩痛。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "治行油风气滞血瘀证、应首选的方剂是()",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
540
+ "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
541
+ "C": "通窍活血汤",
542
+ "D": "六味地黄汤",
543
+ "E": "七宝美髯丹"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "油风气滞血瘀证治法:通窍活血,祛瘀生发。代表方:通窍活血汤加减。油风肝肾不足证治法:滋补肝肾。代表方:七宝美髯丹加减。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "蒲黄的主治病证是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "肺热咳嗽",
553
+ "B": "肠燥便秘",
554
+ "C": "肺虚久咳",
555
+ "D": "瘀血痛证",
556
+ "E": "胃寒呕吐"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "D",
559
+ "reason": "白茅根甘,寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。功效:凉血止血,清热利尿。主治血热吐血,衄血,尿血;热病烦渴,肺热咳嗽,胃热呕吐;温热黄疸,水肿尿少,热淋涩痛。蒲黄甘,平。归肝、心包经。功效:止血,化瘀,通淋。主治吐血,衄血,咯血,崩漏,外伤出血;经闭痛经,胸腹刺病痛,跌仆肿痛;血淋涩痛。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "治疗油风肝肾不足证,应首选的方剂是()",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
566
+ "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
567
+ "C": "通窍活血汤",
568
+ "D": "六味地黄汤",
569
+ "E": "七宝美髯丹"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "油风气滞血瘀证治法:通窍活血,祛瘀生发。代表方:通窍活血汤加减。油风肝肾不足证治法:滋补肝肾。代表方:七宝美髯丹加减。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "符合二尖瓣狭窄震颤特点的是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
579
+ "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
580
+ "C": "胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期震颤",
581
+ "D": "心尖部舒张期震颤",
582
+ "E": "胸骨左缘第2肋间及其附近连续性震颤"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "D",
585
+ "reason": ""
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "患者屡孕屡堕,头晕目眩,神疲无力,心悸气短,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱,其证候是()",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "气血虚弱证",
592
+ "B": "脾肾两虚证",
593
+ "C": "肝肾阴虚证",
594
+ "D": "肾虚肝郁证",
595
+ "E": "肾阳亏虚证"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "A",
598
+ "reason": "滑胎气血虚弱证证候:屡孕屡堕;头晕目眩,神疲乏力,面色白,心悸气短;舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。滑胎肾阳亏虚证证候:屡孕屡堕;腰膝酸软,甚则腰痛如折,头晕耳鸣,畏寒肢冷,小便清长,夜尿频多,大便溏薄;舌淡,苔薄而润,脉沉迟或沉弱。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "符合动脉导管未闭震颤特点的是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
605
+ "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
606
+ "C": "胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期震颤",
607
+ "D": "心尖部舒张期震颤",
608
+ "E": "胸骨左缘第2肋间及其附近连续性震颤"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "E",
611
+ "reason": ""
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "患者屡孕屡堕,腰膝酸软,头晕耳鸣,畏寒肢冷,小便清长,夜尿频多,大便溏薄,舌质淡,苔薄而润,脉沉弱,其证候是()",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "气血虚弱证",
618
+ "B": "脾肾两虚证",
619
+ "C": "肝肾阴虚证",
620
+ "D": "肾虚肝郁证",
621
+ "E": "肾阳亏虚证"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "E",
624
+ "reason": "滑胎气血虚弱证证候:屡孕屡堕;头晕目眩,神疲乏力,面色白,心悸气短;舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。滑胎肾阳亏虚证证候:屡孕屡堕;腰膝酸软,甚则腰痛如折,头晕耳鸣,畏寒肢冷,小便清长,夜尿频多,大便溏薄;舌淡,苔薄而润,脉沉迟或沉弱。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "急性阑尾炎的腹痛特点是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "腹部胀痛",
631
+ "B": "转移性右下腹痛",
632
+ "C": "周期性、节律性上腹隐痛",
633
+ "D": "右上腹部剧烈绞痛",
634
+ "E": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴板状腹"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "B",
637
+ "reason": "急性阑尾炎为转移性右下腹疯痛;持续性.广泛性剧烈腹痛伴腹肌紧张或板状腹,提示为急性弥漫性腹膜炎。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "治疗不孕症肾气虚证,应首选的方剂是()",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "毓麟珠",
644
+ "B": "温胞饮",
645
+ "C": "胎元饮",
646
+ "D": "逍遥丸",
647
+ "E": "开郁种玉汤"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "A",
650
+ "reason": "不孕症肾气虚证治法:补肾益气,温养冲任。代表方:毓麟珠。不孕症肝气郁结证治法:疏肝解郁,理血调经。代表方:开郁种玉汤或百灵调肝汤。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "急性弥漫性腹膜炎的腹痛特点是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "腹部胀痛",
657
+ "B": "转移性右下腹痛",
658
+ "C": "周期性、节律性上腹隐痛",
659
+ "D": "右上腹部剧烈绞痛",
660
+ "E": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴板状腹"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "E",
663
+ "reason": "急性阑尾炎为转移性右下腹疯痛;持续性.广泛性剧烈腹痛伴腹肌紧张或板状腹,提示为急性弥漫性腹膜炎。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "治疗不孕症肝气郁结证,应首选的方剂是()",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "毓麟珠",
670
+ "B": "温胞饮",
671
+ "C": "胎元饮",
672
+ "D": "逍遥丸",
673
+ "E": "开郁种玉汤"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "E",
676
+ "reason": "不孕症肾气虚证治法:补肾益气,温养冲任。代表方:毓麟珠。不孕症肝气郁结证治法:疏肝解郁,理血调经。代表方:开郁种玉汤或百灵调肝汤。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "逍遥散中柴胡的配伍意义是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "疏利肝胆",
683
+ "B": "升清阳",
684
+ "C": "疏肝解郁",
685
+ "D": "和解少阳",
686
+ "E": "透邪疏郁"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "C",
689
+ "reason": "逍遥散中以柴胡为君药,疏肝解郁,条达肝气。小柴胡汤中以苦平之柴胡为君药,入肝胆经,透泄少阳半表之邪,疏泄气机之郁滞,使少阳半表之邪得以疏解,气机得以调畅。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "乳婴儿中药汤剂用药剂量占���人量的比例是()",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "1/6",
696
+ "B": "1/4",
697
+ "C": "1/3",
698
+ "D": "1/2",
699
+ "E": "2/3"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "C",
702
+ "reason": "新生儿用量为成人的1/6,乳婴儿为成人的1/3,幼儿为成人的1/2,学龄期儿童为成人的2/3或接近成人量。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "小柴胡汤中柴胡的配伍意义是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "疏利肝胆",
709
+ "B": "升清阳",
710
+ "C": "疏肝解郁",
711
+ "D": "和解少阳",
712
+ "E": "透邪疏郁"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "E",
715
+ "reason": "逍遥散中以柴胡为君药,疏肝解郁,条达肝气。小柴胡汤中以苦平之柴胡为君药,入肝胆经,透泄少阳半表之邪,疏泄气机之郁滞,使少阳半表之邪得以疏解,气机得以调畅。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "幼儿中药汤剂用药剂量占成人量的比例是()",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "1/6",
722
+ "B": "1/4",
723
+ "C": "1/3",
724
+ "D": "1/2",
725
+ "E": "2/3"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "D",
728
+ "reason": "新生儿用量为成人的1/6,乳婴儿为成人的1/3,幼儿为成人的1/2,学龄期儿童为成人的2/3或接近成人量。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "随着社会的发展,患者对医疗卫生保健的要求出现层次上、档次上的差别,指的是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "医患关系的物化趋势",
735
+ "B": "医患关系结构的“人机化”趋势",
736
+ "C": "医患关系的经济化趋势",
737
+ "D": "医患要求的多元化趋势",
738
+ "E": "医患关系的法制化趋势"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "D",
741
+ "reason": "医患要求的“多元化“趋势,随着社会的发展,人们的价值观念的多元化倾向也反映在医患关系上,患者对医疗卫生保健的要求也有层次上,档次上的差别,呈现由多元化倾向。医患关系结构的“人机化\"趋势:医学高新技术的应用,使诊疗方式发生了巨大变化。医生可以通过高新技术.设备获得患者的生理指标、生化指标等根据,并为自己诊疗提供依据,这样就使医患之间的人(医生)人(患者)关系向人(医生)一机(仅器)一人(患者)的结构演变,因而医患之间直接交往减少,加重了医生对高新技术设备的依赖。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "小儿汗证肺卫不固证的主症是()",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
748
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
749
+ "C": "盗汗为王,手足心热",
750
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢多",
751
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "A",
754
+ "reason": "小儿汗证肺卫不固证的证候:以自汗为主,或伴盗汗,以头颈、胸背部汗出明显,动则尤甚,神疲乏力,面色少华,平时易患感冒,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。小儿汗证营卫失调证的证候:以自汗为主,或伴盗汗,汗出遍身而抚之不温,畏寒恶风,不发热,或伴有低热,精神疲倦,胃纳不振,舌质淡红,苔薄白,脉缓。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "医学高新技术的应用,使诊疗方式发生了巨大的变化,加重了医生对高新技术设备的依赖,指的是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "医患关系的物化趋势",
761
+ "B": "医患关系结构的“人机化”趋势",
762
+ "C": "医患关系的经济化趋势",
763
+ "D": "医患要求的多元化趋势",
764
+ "E": "医患关系的法制化趋势"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "B",
767
+ "reason": "医患要求的“多元化“趋势,随着社会的发展,人们的价值观念的多元化倾向也反映在医患关系上,患者对医疗卫生保健的要求也有层次上,档次上的差别,呈现由多元化倾向。医患关系结构的“人机化\"趋势:医学高新技术的应用,使诊疗方式发生了巨大变化。医生可以通过高新技术.设备获得患者的生理指标、生化指标等根据,并为自己诊疗提供依据,这样就使医患之间的人(医生)人(患者)关系向人(医生)一机(仅器)一人(患者)的结构演变,因而医患之间直接交往减少,加重了医生对高新技术设备的依赖。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "小儿汗证营卫失调证的主症是()",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
774
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
775
+ "C": "盗汗为王,手足心热",
776
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢多",
777
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "小儿汗证肺卫不固证的证候:以自汗为主,或伴盗汗,以头颈、胸背部汗出明显,动则尤甚,神疲乏力,面色少华,平时易患感冒,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。小儿汗证营卫失调证的证候:以自汗为主,或伴盗汗,汗出遍身而抚之不温,畏寒恶风,不发热,或伴有低热,精神疲倦,胃纳不振,舌质淡红,苔薄白,脉缓。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "咳嗽,咳声不扬,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,其临床意义是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "燥邪犯肺",
787
+ "B": "痰湿阻肺",
788
+ "C": "热邪犯肺",
789
+ "D": "肺气虚损",
790
+ "E": "肺阴不足"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "C",
793
+ "reason": "咳嗽,咳上声不畅,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,多属热证,多因热邪犯肺,肺津被灼所致。咳嗽,咳有痰声,妆多色白易咯,多属痰湿阻肺所致。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "上述各项,被称为“阳脉之海”的是()",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "任脉",
800
+ "B": "督脉",
801
+ "C": "冲脉",
802
+ "D": "带脉",
803
+ "E": "阳维脉"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "B",
806
+ "reason": "A项为阴脉之海,B项为阳脉之海,C项为血海、十二经脉之海。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "嘁,咳有痰声,痰多色白易咯・其临床意义是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "燥邪犯肺",
813
+ "B": "痰湿阻肺",
814
+ "C": "热邪犯肺",
815
+ "D": "肺气虚损",
816
+ "E": "肺阴不足"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "B",
819
+ "reason": "咳嗽,咳上声不畅,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,多属热证,多因热邪犯肺,肺津被灼所致。咳嗽,咳有痰声,妆多色白易咯,多属痰湿阻肺所致。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "上述各项,被称为“血海”的是()",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "任脉",
826
+ "B": "督脉",
827
+ "C": "冲脉",
828
+ "D": "带脉",
829
+ "E": "阳维脉"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "C",
832
+ "reason": "A项为阴脉之海,B项为阳脉之海,C项为血海、十二经脉之海。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "小儿外感风寒常见到的指纹是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "指纹淡白",
839
+ "B": "指纹色青",
840
+ "C": "指纹鲜红",
841
+ "D": "指纹紫红",
842
+ "E": "指纹紫黑"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "C",
845
+ "reason": "指纹淡白主脾虚、疳证;指纹青色主惊风、疼痛;指纹鲜红属外感表证、寒证;指纹紫红为里热证;指纹紫黑为血络瘀闭,病情危重。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "治疗中风上肢不遂者,除主穴外,还应选取的配穴是()",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "地仓、颊车",
852
+ "B": "肩髃、手三里",
853
+ "C": "环跳、阳陵泉",
854
+ "D": "丘墟透照海",
855
+ "E": "廉泉、通里"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "B",
858
+ "reason": "中风肝阳暴亢配太冲、太溪;风痰阻络配丰隆、合谷;痰热腑实配曲池、内定、丰隆;气虚血瘀配气海、血海、足三里;阴虚风动配太溪、风池;上肢不遂配肩髃、曲池、手三里、合谷;下肢不返配环跳、足三里、风市、阳陵泉、悬钟、太冲;病侧肢体屈曲拘孪者、肘部配曲泽、腕部配大陵、膝部配曲泉、踝部配太溪:足内翻配丘墟透照海;足外翻配太溪、中封;足下垂配解溪;口角㖞斜配地仓、颊车、合谷、太冲;语言謇涩配廉泉、通里、哑门;吞咽困难配廉泉、金津、玉液。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "小儿疳积常见到的指纹是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "指纹淡白",
865
+ "B": "指纹色青",
866
+ "C": "指纹鲜红",
867
+ "D": "指纹紫红",
868
+ "E": "指纹紫黑"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "A",
871
+ "reason": "指纹淡白主脾虚、疳证;指纹青色主惊风、疼痛;指纹鲜红属外感表证、寒证;指纹紫红为里热证;指纹紫黑为血络瘀闭,病情危重。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "治疗中风足内翻者,除主穴外,还应选取的配穴是()",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "地仓、颊车",
878
+ "B": "肩鶻、手三里",
879
+ "C": "环跳、阳陵泉",
880
+ "D": "丘墟透照海",
881
+ "E": "廉泉、通里"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "中风肝阳暴亢配太冲、太溪;风痰阻络配丰隆、合谷;痰热腑实配曲池、内定、丰隆;气虚血瘀配气海、血海、足三里;阴虚风动配太溪、风池;上肢不遂配肩髃、曲池、手三里、合谷;下肢不返配环跳、足三里、风市、阳陵泉、悬钟、太冲;病侧肢体屈曲拘孪者、肘部配曲泽、腕部配大陵、膝部配曲泉、踝部配太溪:足内翻配丘墟透照海;足外翻配太溪、中封;足下垂配解溪;口角㖞斜配地仓、颊车、合谷、太冲;语言謇涩配廉泉、通里、哑门;吞咽困难配廉泉、金津、玉液。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "上述各项,属法定甲类传染病的是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "风疹",
891
+ "B": "流行性感冒",
892
+ "C": "霍乱",
893
+ "D": "流行性腮腺炎",
894
+ "E": "狂犬病"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "C",
897
+ "reason": "甲类传染病:霍乱、鼠疫。乙类传染病;SARS、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、麻疹、流行性出血热、狂犬病,流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、登革热、炭疽、细菌性痫疾��阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、肺结核、百日咳、白喉.新生儿破伤风、猩红热、布鲁氏菌病、淋病、梅毒、钩端螺族体病、血吸虫病、疟疾。ABD项为丙类传染病。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "治疗崩漏实证、应选取的主穴是()",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "三阴交、足三里、血海",
904
+ "B": "三阴交、肝俞、气海",
905
+ "C": "隐白、血海、阴陵泉、关元",
906
+ "D": "关元、隐白、三阴交",
907
+ "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海、肾俞"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "D",
910
+ "reason": "崩漏实证主穴:关元、三阴交、隐白。崩漏虚证主穴:气海、三阴交、肾俞、足三里。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "上述各项,属法定乙类传染病的是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "风疹",
917
+ "B": "流行性感冒",
918
+ "C": "霍乱",
919
+ "D": "流行性腮腺炎",
920
+ "E": "狂犬病"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "E",
923
+ "reason": "甲类传染病:霍乱、鼠疫。乙类传染病;SARS、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、麻疹、流行性出血热、狂犬病,流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、登革热、炭疽、细菌性痫疾和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、肺结核、百日咳、白喉.新生儿破伤风、猩红热、布鲁氏菌病、淋病、梅毒、钩端螺族体病、血吸虫病、疟疾。ABD项为丙类传染病。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗崩漏虚证,应选取的主穴是()",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "三阴交、足三里、血海",
930
+ "B": "三阴交、肝俞、气海",
931
+ "C": "隐白、血海、阴陵泉、关元",
932
+ "D": "关元、隐白、三阴交",
933
+ "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海、肾俞"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "E",
936
+ "reason": "崩漏实证主穴:关元、三阴交、隐白。崩漏虚证主穴:气海、三阴交、肾俞、足三里。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "治疗血瘀证,应选用的药物是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "阿胶",
943
+ "B": "白芍",
944
+ "C": "当归",
945
+ "D": "熟地黄",
946
+ "E": "何首乌"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "C",
949
+ "reason": "当归:补血调经,活血止痛,润肠通便,用于血浓证。阿胶:补血,滋阴,润肺,止血,用于出血证,为止血要药。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "心肌梗死患者心电图出现V1~V6。导联ST段抬高,T波倒置,其定位诊断是()",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "下壁",
956
+ "B": "前侧壁",
957
+ "C": "高侧壁",
958
+ "D": "前间壁",
959
+ "E": "广泛前壁"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "E",
962
+ "reason": "下壁心肌梗死特征性心电图改变表现在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联;前侧壁心肌梗死表现在V1、V2、V3导联;高侧壁心肌梗死常表现在Ⅰ、aVL导联;前间壁心肌梗死常表现在V1、V2、V3导联;广泛前壁心肌梗死表现在V1~V6导联。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "治疗出血证,应选用的药物是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "阿胶",
969
+ "B": "白芍",
970
+ "C": "当归",
971
+ "D": "熟地黄",
972
+ "E": "何首乌"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "A",
975
+ "reason": "当归:补血调经,活血止痛,润肠通便,用于血浓证。阿胶:补血,滋阴,润肺,止血,用于出血证,为止血要药。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "心肌梗死患者心电图出现Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段抬高,T波倒置,其定位诊断是()",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "下壁",
982
+ "B": "前侧壁",
983
+ "C": "高侧壁",
984
+ "D": "前间壁",
985
+ "E": "广泛前壁"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "C",
988
+ "reason": "下壁心肌梗死特征性心电图改变表现在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联;前侧壁心肌梗死表现在V1、V2、V3导联;高侧壁心肌梗死常表现在Ⅰ、aVL导联;前间壁心肌梗死常表现在V1、V2、V3导联;广泛前壁心肌梗死表现在V1~V6导联。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "上述各项,以突然昏厥,不省人事为特点的病理变化是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "气滞",
995
+ "B": "气道",
996
+ "C": "气陷",
997
+ "D": "气闭",
998
+ "E": "气脱"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "D",
1001
+ "reason": "气闭:指气机闭阻,失于外达,甚至清窍闭塞,出现昏厥的一种病理变化。气闭病机有因触冒秽浊之气所致的闭厥,突然精神刺激所致的气厥,剧靖所致的痛厥,痰闭气道的痰屡等。气脱:指气虚至极,不能内守而大量脱失,以致生命机能突然衰竭的一种病理变化。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "上述各项,有助于诊断Graves病的是()",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "血清甲状激素测定",
1008
+ "B": "促甲状腺激素测定",
1009
+ "C": "甲状腺自身抗体测定",
1010
+ "D": "甲状腺摄131^I率",
1011
+ "E": "放射性核素扫描"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "C",
1014
+ "reason": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)阳性率为75%~96%,是鉴别甲亢病因、诊断GD的指标之一。TSH测定是反映甲状腺功能最敏感的指标。A项可反映甲亢的程度与预后,是诊断甲亢的首选指标;D项主要用于甲状腺毒症病因鉴别;E项有助于诊断甲状腺自主高功能腺瘤。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "上述各项、以全身机能突然衰竭为特点的病理变化是",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "气滞",
1021
+ "B": "气道",
1022
+ "C": "气陷",
1023
+ "D": "气闭",
1024
+ "E": "气脱"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "E",
1027
+ "reason": "气闭:指气机闭阻,失于外达,甚至清窍闭塞,出现昏厥的一种病理变化。气闭病机有因触冒秽浊之气所致的闭厥,突然精神刺激所致的气厥,剧靖所致的痛厥,痰闭气道的痰屡等。气脱:指气虚至极,不能内守而大量脱失,以致生命机能突然衰竭的一种病理变化。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "上述各项,反映甲状腺功能最敏感的指标是()",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "血清甲状激素测定",
1034
+ "B": "促甲状腺激素测定",
1035
+ "C": "甲状腺自身抗体测定",
1036
+ "D": "甲状腺摄131^I率",
1037
+ "E": "放射性核素扫描"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "B",
1040
+ "reason": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)阳性率为75%~96%,是鉴别甲亢病因、诊断GD的指标之一。TSH测定是反映甲状腺功能最敏感的指标。A项可反映甲亢的程度与预后,是诊断甲亢的首选指标;D项主要用于甲状腺毒症病因鉴别;E项有助于诊断甲状腺自主高功能腺瘤。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "判断邪气在表在里,主要观察的舌苔变化是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "舌苔的润燥",
1047
+ "B": "舌昔的腐腻",
1048
+ "C": "舌苔的颜色",
1049
+ "D": "舌苔的偏全",
1050
+ "E": "舌苔的薄厚"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "E",
1053
+ "reason": "舌苔的薄厚主要反映邪正的盛衰和邪气的深浅。舌苔的涧燥主要反映休内津液的盈亏和输布情况。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "丙型肝炎的主要传播途径是()",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "水源和食品污染",
1060
+ "B": "输血及血制品",
1061
+ "C": "母婴垂直传播",
1062
+ "D": "飞沫传播",
1063
+ "E": "虫媒传播"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "B",
1066
+ "reason": "HAV、HEV主要经肠道排出体外,通过污染的手、水、食物等经口感染,以日常生活接触为主要方式,通常引起散发性发病,如水源被污染或生食污染的水产品(贝类动物),可导致局部地区暴发流行。HBV通过血液和其他体液(汗液、唾液、尿液、乳汁、阴道分泌物、精液等)排出体外,主要传播途径:①输血及血制品以及使用污染的注射器或针刺等;②母婴垂直传播;③性接触传播。HCV传播途径与HBV相同而以输血及血制品传播为主。HDV的传播途径与HBV相同。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "判断津液盈亏,主要观察的舌苔变化是",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "舌苔的润燥",
1073
+ "B": "舌昔的腐腻",
1074
+ "C": "舌苔的颜色",
1075
+ "D": "舌苔的偏全",
1076
+ "E": "舌苔的薄厚"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "A",
1079
+ "reason": "舌苔的薄厚主要反映邪正的盛衰和邪气的深浅。舌苔的涧燥主要反映休内津液的盈亏和输布情况。"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "戊型肝炎的主要传播途径是()",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "水源和食品污染",
1086
+ "B": "输血及血制品",
1087
+ "C": "母婴垂直传播",
1088
+ "D": "飞沫传播",
1089
+ "E": "虫媒传播"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "A",
1092
+ "reason": "HAV、HEV主要经肠道排出体外,通过污染的手、水、食物等经口感染,以日常生活接触为主要方式,通常引起散发性发病,如水源被污染或生食污染的水产品(贝类动物),可导致局部地区暴发流行。HBV通过血液和其他体液(汗液、唾液、尿液、乳汁、阴道分泌物、精液等)排出体外,主要传播途径:①输血及血制品以及使用污染的注射器或针刺等;②母婴垂直传播;③性接触传播。HCV传播途径与HBV相同而以输血及血制品传播为主。HDV的传播途径与HBV相同。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "阳虚证的治法是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "寒者热之",
1099
+ "B": "热者寒之",
1100
+ "C": "寒因寒用",
1101
+ "D": "阴病治阳",
1102
+ "E": "阳病治阴"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "D",
1105
+ "reason": "阳病治阴适于阴虚之证。阴病治阳适用于阳虚之候。“阴虚则热“所出现的虚热证。采用\"阳病治阴\"的原则,滋阴以制阳亢.“阳虚则寒”所由现的虚寒证,采用\"阴病治阳\"的原则,阴虚者补阴,阳虚者补阳.以平为期。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "流行性乙型脑炎首选的治疗是()",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "抗菌治疗",
1112
+ "B": "抗病毒治疗",
1113
+ "C": "抗毒素治疗",
1114
+ "D": "补液治疗",
1115
+ "E": "对症治疗"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "E",
1118
+ "reason": "流行性乙型脑炎为病毒感染,但目前在病原学治疗方面尚无特效的抗病毒药物,主要是采取积极对症治疗、支持治疗和护理,重点处理好高热、抽搐、控制脑水肿和呼吸衰竭等危重症状。流行性脑脊髓膜炎为细菌感染,治疗首选青霉素。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "阴虚证的治法是",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "寒者热之",
1125
+ "B": "热者寒之",
1126
+ "C": "寒因寒用",
1127
+ "D": "阴病治阳",
1128
+ "E": "阳病治阴"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "E",
1131
+ "reason": "阳病治阴适于阴虚之证。阴病治阳适用于阳虚之候。“阴虚则热“所出现的虚热证。采用\"阳病治阴\"的原则,滋阴以制阳亢.“阳虚则寒”所由现的虚寒证,采用\"阴病治阳\"的原则,阴虚者补阴,阳虚者补阳.以平为期。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎首选的治疗是()",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "抗菌治疗",
1138
+ "B": "抗病毒治疗",
1139
+ "C": "抗毒素治疗",
1140
+ "D": "补液治疗",
1141
+ "E": "对症治疗"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "A",
1144
+ "reason": "流行性乙型脑炎为病毒感染,但目前在病原学治疗方面尚无特效的抗病毒药物,主要是采取积极对症治疗、支持治疗和护理,重点处理好高热、抽搐、控制脑水肿和呼吸衰竭等危重症状。流行性脑脊髓膜炎为细菌感染,治疗首选青霉素。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "君主之官指的是",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "心",
1151
+ "B": "肝",
1152
+ "C": "脾",
1153
+ "D": "肺",
1154
+ "E": "肾"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "A",
1157
+ "reason": "】心的主要生理功能是主血脉,主藏神。由于心主宰人体整个生命活动.故称心为\"君主之官\"\"生之本\"五脏六腑之大主”。肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血。生理特性主要有肝气升发与肝为刚脏。《素问·灵兰秘典论》说,“肝者,将军之官,谋虑出焉”,故149题选A项,150题选B项。"
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "伤寒的表现是()",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难",
1164
+ "B": "高热、腹痛、脓血便",
1165
+ "C": "高热、抽搐、意识障碍",
1166
+ "D": "高热、头痛、皮下出血",
1167
+ "E": "高热、表情淡漠、相对缓脉"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "E",
1170
+ "reason": "伤寒典型表现为高热,表情淡漠、反应迟钝、听力减退,可有相对缓脉、重脉。人感染高致病性禽流感的临床表现主要为发热,可伴有眼结膜炎、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛和全身不适,部分患者可出现恶心、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便等消化道症状,重症者出现肺炎、ARDS、肾衰竭、败血症、休克等。B项为细菌性痢疾表现,C项为流行性乙型脑炎表现,D项为流行性脑脊髓膜炎表现。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "将军之官指的是",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "心",
1177
+ "B": "肝",
1178
+ "C": "脾",
1179
+ "D": "肺",
1180
+ "E": "肾"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "B",
1183
+ "reason": "】心的主要生理功能是主血脉,主藏神。由于心主宰人体整个生命活动.故称心为\"君主之官\"\"生之本\"五脏六腑之大主”。肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血。生理特性主要有肝气升发与肝为刚脏。《素问·灵兰秘典论》说,“肝者,将军之官,谋虑出焉”,故149题选A项,150题选B项。"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "人感染高致病性禽流感的表现是()",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难",
1190
+ "B": "高热、腹痛、脓血便",
1191
+ "C": "高热、抽搐、意识障碍",
1192
+ "D": "高热、头痛、皮下出血",
1193
+ "E": "高热、表情淡漠、相对缓脉"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "A",
1196
+ "reason": "伤寒典型表现为高热,表情淡漠、反应迟钝、听力减退,可有相对缓脉、重脉。人感染高致病性禽流感的临床表现主要为发热,可伴有眼结膜炎、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛和全身不适,部分患者可出现恶心、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便等消化道症状,重症者出现肺炎、ARDS、肾衰竭、败血症、休克等。B项为细菌性痢疾表现,C项为流行性乙型脑炎表现,D项为流行性脑脊髓膜炎表现。"
1197
+ }
1198
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "\"气之根\"是指",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "心",
7
+ "B": "肺",
8
+ "C": "脾",
9
+ "D": "肝",
10
+ "E": "肾"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "E",
13
+ "reason": "《类证治裁·喘证》说:“肺为气之主,肾为气之根。肺主出气,肾主纳气。阴阳相交,呼吸乃和。若出纳升降失常,斯喘作焉。”肺主一身之气,是指肺有主司一身之气的生成和运行的作用,故《素问·六节藏象论》说““肺者,气之本。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "\"气之主\"是指",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "心",
20
+ "B": "肺",
21
+ "C": "脾",
22
+ "D": "肝",
23
+ "E": "肾"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "B",
26
+ "reason": "《类证治裁·喘证》说:“肺为气之主,肾为气之根。肺主出气,肾主纳气。阴阳相交,呼吸乃和。若出纳升降失常,斯喘作焉。”肺主一身之气,是指肺有主司一身之气的生成和运行的作用,故《素问·六节藏象论》说““肺者,气之本。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "最易伤肺的病邪是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "风",
33
+ "B": "寒",
34
+ "C": "火",
35
+ "D": "湿",
36
+ "E": "燥"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "E",
39
+ "reason": "凡致病具有干燥、收敛等特性的外邪,称为燥邪。燥邪伤人,多自口鼻而入,首犯肺卫,发为外燥病证。火热之邪侵入,热淫于内,一方面迫津外泄,因气随津泄而致津亏气耗;另一方面则直接消灼煎熬津液,耗伤人体的阴液,即所谓热盛伤阴。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "易伤津耗气的病邪是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "风",
46
+ "B": "寒",
47
+ "C": "火",
48
+ "D": "湿",
49
+ "E": "燥"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "C",
52
+ "reason": "凡致病具有干燥、收敛等特性的外邪,称为燥邪。燥邪伤人,多自口鼻而入,首犯肺卫,发为外燥病证。火热之邪侵入,热淫于内,一方面迫津外泄,因气随津泄而致津亏气耗;另一方面则直接消灼煎熬津液,耗伤人体的阴液,即所谓热盛伤阴。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "肠道燥热内结发热的热型是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "身热不扬",
59
+ "B": "日晡潮热",
60
+ "C": "发热恶寒",
61
+ "D": "壮热汗出",
62
+ "E": "长期微热"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "B",
65
+ "reason": "身热不扬多见于湿温;日哺潮热又称阳明潮热,多见于胃肠燥热内结;发热恶寒多见于外感表证;壮热汗出多见于外感温热病在气分阶段;长期微热多见于阴虚潮热、气虚发热及小儿夏季热。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "气虚发热的热型是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "身热不扬",
72
+ "B": "日晡潮热",
73
+ "C": "发热恶寒",
74
+ "D": "壮热汗出",
75
+ "E": "长期微热"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "E",
78
+ "reason": "身热不扬多见于湿温;日哺潮热又称阳明潮热,多见于胃肠燥热内结;发热恶寒多见于外感表证;壮热汗出多见于外感温热病在气分阶段;长期微热多见于阴虚潮热、气虚发热及小儿夏季热。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "胃气衰败的舌象是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "厚苔化薄",
85
+ "B": "腻苔化松",
86
+ "C": "厚苔骤剥",
87
+ "D": "燥苔转润",
88
+ "E": "黄苔转白"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "A说明正气渐复主病退;BD项主病退;C项苔由胃气所生,所以厚苔骤剥为胃气衰败之证;E项为热邪退去之证,黄苔主热。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "热邪已退的舌象是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "厚苔化薄",
98
+ "B": "腻苔化松",
99
+ "C": "厚苔骤剥",
100
+ "D": "燥苔转润",
101
+ "E": "黄苔转白"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "E",
104
+ "reason": "A说明正气渐复主病退;BD项主病退;C项苔由胃气所生,所以厚苔骤剥为胃气衰败之证;E项为热邪退去之证,黄苔主热。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "尿浊的主症是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "小便点滴短少",
111
+ "B": "小便浑浊如米泔水",
112
+ "C": "小便时尿道刺痛有血",
113
+ "D": "小便点滴不通",
114
+ "E": "小便有血"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "B",
117
+ "reason": "A项小便点滴短少为癃证的表现。B项小便混浊如米泔水为尿浊的主要表现。C项小便时尿道刺病有血为血淋的主症。D项小便点滴不通为闭证的主症。E项小便有血为尿血的主症。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "血淋的主症是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "小便点滴短少",
124
+ "B": "小便浑浊如米泔水",
125
+ "C": "小便时尿道刺痛有血",
126
+ "D": "小便点滴不通",
127
+ "E": "小便有血"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "C",
130
+ "reason": "A项小便点滴短少为癃证的表现。B项小便混浊如米泔水为尿浊的主要表现。C项小便时尿道刺病有��为血淋的主症。D项小便点滴不通为闭证的主症。E项小便有血为尿血的主症。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "可见步履不稳,眩晕欲仆症状的是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "肝阳化风证",
137
+ "B": "阴虚动风证",
138
+ "C": "血虚生风证",
139
+ "D": "热极生风证",
140
+ "E": "肝阳上亢证"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": "A项肝阳化风,风动于上,阴亏于下,上盛下虚,故步履不稳,肝怕化风,肝风内旋,上扰头目,则眩晕欲仆;B项可见手足蠕动;C项血虚不能上荣头面,故见眩晕,而白无华,肝主筋,血虚筋脉失养,故见肢体震频;D项可见高热神骨,躁扰如狂,于足抽搞等;E项可见眩晕耳鸣,头目胀痛等,"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "可见眩晕肢体震颤,面白无华症状的是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "肝阳化风证",
150
+ "B": "阴虚动风证",
151
+ "C": "血虚生风证",
152
+ "D": "热极生风证",
153
+ "E": "肝阳上亢证"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "C",
156
+ "reason": "A项肝阳化风,风动于上,阴亏于下,上盛下虚,故步履不稳,肝怕化风,肝风内旋,上扰头目,则眩晕欲仆;B项可见手足蠕动;C项血虚不能上荣头面,故见眩晕,而白无华,肝主筋,血虚筋脉失养,故见肢体震频;D项可见高热神骨,躁扰如狂,于足抽搞等;E项可见眩晕耳鸣,头目胀痛等,"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "痢下赤多者,应重用",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "温药",
163
+ "B": "凉药",
164
+ "C": "血药",
165
+ "D": "气药",
166
+ "E": "寒药"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "痢疾是由外感时邪病毒和饮食不节导致邪蕴肠腑,气血壅滞,传导失司,肠络受伤而发病的。采取热痢清之寒痢温之,初痢实则通之,久虚痢则补之,寒热错杂者清温并用,虚实夹杂着攻补兼施。刘河间提出的“调气则后重自除,行血则便脓自愈调气和血之法,赤多用血药,白多用气药。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "痢下白多者,应重用",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "温药",
176
+ "B": "凉药",
177
+ "C": "血药",
178
+ "D": "气药",
179
+ "E": "寒药"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "D",
182
+ "reason": "痢疾是由外感时邪病毒和饮食不节导致邪蕴肠腑,气血壅滞,传导失司,肠络受伤而发病的。采取热痢清之寒痢温之,初痢实则通之,久虚痢则补之,寒热错杂者清温并用,虚实夹杂着攻补兼施。刘河间提出的“调气则后重自除,行血则便脓自愈调气和血之法,赤多用血药,白多用气药。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "具有解表功效的药物是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "独活",
189
+ "B": "防己",
190
+ "C": "秦艽",
191
+ "D": "木瓜",
192
+ "E": "威灵仙"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "A",
195
+ "reason": "独活可祛风湿,止痛,解表。防己可祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿。秦艽可祛风湿,通络止痛,退虚热,清湿热。木瓜可舒筋活络,和胃化湿。威灵仙可祛风湿,通络止痛,消骨鲠。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "具有利水功效的药物是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "独活",
202
+ "B": "防己",
203
+ "C": "秦艽",
204
+ "D": "木瓜",
205
+ "E": "威灵仙"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "B",
208
+ "reason": "独活可祛风湿,止痛,解表。防己可祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿。秦艽可祛风湿,通络止痛,退虚热,清湿热。木瓜可舒筋活络,和胃化湿。威灵仙可祛风湿,通络止痛,消骨鲠。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "产后腹痛血虚证的治法是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "养血活血",
215
+ "B": "补血益气",
216
+ "C": "行气养血",
217
+ "D": "活血止痛",
218
+ "E": "活血化瘀,散寒止痛"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "B",
221
+ "reason": "养血活血适应于营血虚滞证;补血益气适用于血虚证;行气养血适用于气滞血虚证;活血止痛适用于血瘀证;活血化瘀,散寒止痛适用于寒凝血瘀证"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "产后腹痛血瘀证的治法是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "养血活血",
228
+ "B": "补血益气",
229
+ "C": "行气养血",
230
+ "D": "活血止痛",
231
+ "E": "活血化瘀,散寒止痛"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "D",
234
+ "reason": "养血活血适应于营血虚滞证;补血益气适用于血虚证;行气养血适用于气滞血虚证;活血止痛适用于血瘀证;活血化瘀,散寒止痛适用于寒凝血瘀证"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "治疗寒饮呕吐,宜选用",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "白芥子",
241
+ "B": "杏仁",
242
+ "C": "半夏",
243
+ "D": "桔梗",
244
+ "E": "竹茹"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "C",
247
+ "reason": "半夏可燥湿化痰:降逆止呕,消病散结,为燥湿化痰、温化寒痰之要药。对各种原因的呕吐,皆可随证配伍用之,对痰饮或胃寒所致的胃气上逆呕吐尤宜。另外,半夏辛开散结,可化痰消痞,又可治疗湿阻致心下痞满。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "治疗湿阻胸脘痞闷,宜选用",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "白芥子",
254
+ "B": "杏仁",
255
+ "C": "半夏",
256
+ "D": "桔梗",
257
+ "E": "竹茹"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "C",
260
+ "reason": "半夏可燥湿化痰:降逆止呕,消病散结,为燥湿化痰、温化寒痰之要药。对各种原因的呕吐,皆可随证配伍用之,对痰饮或胃寒所致的胃气上逆呕吐尤宜。另外,半夏辛开散结,可化痰消痞,又可治疗湿阻致心下痞满。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "黄连解毒汤",
267
+ "B": "宣毒发表汤",
268
+ "C": "清咽下痰汤",
269
+ "D": "清解透表汤",
270
+ "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "B",
273
+ "reason": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是宣毒发表汤。治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是清解透表汤,"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "治疗肝火犯肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤",
280
+ "B": "清金化痰汤",
281
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
282
+ "D": "黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散",
283
+ "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "D",
286
+ "reason": "肝火犯肺型咳嗽是由于肝郁化火,上逆侮肺所致,治宜清肝泻肺,化痰止咳,方用黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散。痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽是由于脾湿生痰、上渍于肺、壅遏肺气所致,治宜健脾燥湿,化痰止咳,方用二陈汤合三子养亲汤。清金化痰汤治疗痰热郁肺证;桑杏汤治疗风燥伤肺证咳嗽;三拗汤合止嗽散治疗风寒袭肺证咳嗽。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "黄连解毒汤",
293
+ "B": "宣毒发表汤",
294
+ "C": "清咽下痰汤",
295
+ "D": "清解透表汤",
296
+ "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "D",
299
+ "reason": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是宣毒发表汤。治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是清解透表汤,"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "治疗痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤",
306
+ "B": "清金化痰汤",
307
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
308
+ "D": "黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散",
309
+ "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "A",
312
+ "reason": "肝火犯肺型咳嗽是由于肝郁化火,上逆侮肺所致,治宜清肝泻肺,化痰止咳,方用黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散。痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽是由于脾湿生痰、上渍于肺、壅遏肺气所致,治宜健脾燥湿,化痰止咳,方用二陈汤合三子养亲汤。清金化痰汤治疗痰热郁肺证;桑杏汤治疗风燥伤肺证咳嗽;三拗汤合止嗽散治疗风寒袭肺证咳嗽。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "小肠者",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "仓廪之官,五味出焉",
319
+ "B": "中正之官,决断出焉",
320
+ "C": "受盛之官,化物出焉",
321
+ "D": "相傅之官,治节出焉",
322
+ "E": "作强之官,伎巧出焉"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "C",
325
+ "reason": "《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“心者,君主之官也,神明出焉。肺者,相傅之官,治节出焉。肝者,将军之官,谋虑出焉。胆者,中正之官,决断出焉。中者,臣使之官,喜乐出焉。脾胃者,仓廪之官,五味出焉。大肠者,传导之官,变化出焉。小肠者,受盛之官,化物出焉。肾者,作强之官,伎巧出焉。三焦者,决渎之官,水道出焉。者,州,,伴没服病:则能出关"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "寒邪内阻型腹痛,治疗首选",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "柴胡疏肝散",
332
+ "B": "逍遥散",
333
+ "C": "良附丸合正气天香散",
334
+ "D": "木香顺气散",
335
+ "E": "小建中汤"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "C",
338
+ "reason": "寒邪内阻型腹痛,治当散寒温里,理气止痛,方选良附丸合正气天香散。肝郁气滞型腹痛,治当疏肝解郁,理气止痛,方选柴胡疏肝散。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "肺者",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "仓廪之官,五味出焉",
345
+ "B": "中正之官,决断出焉",
346
+ "C": "受盛之官,化物出焉",
347
+ "D": "相傅之官,治节出焉",
348
+ "E": "作强之官,伎巧出焉"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "D",
351
+ "reason": "《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“心者,君主之官也,神明出焉。肺者,相傅之官,治节出焉。肝者,将军之官,谋虑出焉。胆者,中正之官,决断出焉。中者,臣使之官,喜乐出焉。脾胃者,仓廪之官,五味出焉。大肠者,传导之官,变化出焉。小肠者,受盛之官,化物出焉。肾者,作强之官,伎巧出焉。三焦者,决渎之官,水道出焉。者,州,,伴没服病:则能出关"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "肝郁气滞型腹痛,治疗首选",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "柴胡疏肝散",
358
+ "B": "逍遥散",
359
+ "C": "良附丸合正气天香散",
360
+ "D": "木香顺气散",
361
+ "E": "小建中汤"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "寒邪内阻型腹痛,治当散寒温里,理气止痛,方选良附丸合正气天香散。肝郁气滞型腹痛,治当疏肝解郁,理气止痛,方选柴胡疏肝散。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "患者头微痛,恶寒无汗,咳嗽痰稀,鼻塞咽干,苔白,脉弦。治宜选用",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "清燥救肺汤",
371
+ "B": "杏苏散",
372
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
373
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
374
+ "E": "百合固金汤"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "B",
377
+ "reason": "杏苏散轻宣凉燥,止咳化痰,适用于外感凉燥证。麦门冬汤滋养肺胃,降逆和中,适用于肺胃阴伤气逆之肺瘘及胃阴不足证。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "百合固金汤主治",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "阴虚肺热咳血",
384
+ "B": "胃热壅盛吐血",
385
+ "C": "阴虚火旺尿血",
386
+ "D": "肝火犯肺咳血",
387
+ "E": "肾虚不固尿血"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "A",
390
+ "reason": "百合固金汤能滋阴润肺,宁络止血,适用于阴虚肺热的咳嗽痰少,痰中带血。无比山药丸能补肾固摄,适用于肾气不固所致的尿血、腰膝酸软。B项用泻心汤合十灰散;C项用知柏地黄丸;D项用泻白散合黛蛤散加减。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "患者咳唾涎沫,短气喘促,咽喉干燥,舌干红少苔,脉虚数。治宜选用",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "清燥救肺汤",
397
+ "B": "杏苏散",
398
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
399
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
400
+ "E": "百合固金汤"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "D",
403
+ "reason": "杏苏散轻宣凉燥,止咳化痰,适用于外感凉燥证。麦门冬汤滋养肺胃,降逆和中,适用于肺胃阴伤气逆之肺瘘及胃阴不足证。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "无比山药丸主治",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "阴虚肺热咳血",
410
+ "B": "胃热壅盛吐血",
411
+ "C": "阴虚火旺尿血",
412
+ "D": "肝火犯肺咳血",
413
+ "E": "肾虚不固尿血"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "E",
416
+ "reason": "百合固金汤能滋阴润肺,宁络止血,适用于阴虚肺热的咳嗽痰少,痰中带血。无比山药丸能补肾固摄,适用于肾气不固所致的尿血、腰膝酸软。B项用泻心汤合十灰散;C项用知柏地黄丸;D项用泻白散合黛蛤散加减。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "高热不退,烦闷躁扰,手足抽搐,舌绛而干,脉弦数者。治宜选用",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
423
+ "B": "大定风珠",
424
+ "C": "羚角钩藤汤",
425
+ "D": "镇肝熄风汤",
426
+ "E": "川芎茶调散"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "C",
429
+ "reason": "高热不退,手足抽搞,提示此患者有风有热,由此判断为热盛动风之证,羚角钩藤汤凉肝息风,增液舒筋。口苦面红,舌红苔黄为肝阳亢盛之证;肝阳上亢以致头痛眩晕,失眠多梦,天麻钩藤饮乎肝息风,清热活血,补益肝肾。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "肝脾血瘀型臌胀可见",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "腹大,按之不坚,胁下胀满或痛,纳食减少",
436
+ "B": "腹膨大如鼓,按之坚满,脘闷纳呆",
437
+ "C": "腹大坚满,青筋暴露,胁腹攻痛,可触及肿块",
438
+ "D": "腹大胀满,人暮尤甚,面色萎黄或㿠白,肢冷浮肿",
439
+ "E": "腹大坚满,胁腹疼痛拒按,烦热口苦,渴不欲饮"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": "肝脾血瘀型臌胀可见腹大坚满,青筋暴露,胁腹攻痛,可触及肿块。臌胀水湿内停证可见按之坚满,脘闷纳呆。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "头痛眩晕,失眠多梦,舌红苔黄,口苦面红,脉弦数者。治宜选用",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
449
+ "B": "大定风珠",
450
+ "C": "羚角钩藤汤",
451
+ "D": "镇肝熄风汤",
452
+ "E": "川芎茶调散"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "A",
455
+ "reason": "高热不退,手足抽搞,提示此患者有风有热,由此判断为热盛动风之证,羚角钩藤汤凉肝息风,增液舒筋。口苦面红,舌红苔黄为肝阳亢盛之证;肝阳上亢以致头痛眩晕,失眠多梦,天麻钩藤饮乎肝息风,清热活血,补益肝肾。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "水湿内停型臌胀可见",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "腹大,按之不坚,胁下胀满或痛,纳食减少",
462
+ "B": "腹膨大如鼓,按之坚满,脘闷纳呆",
463
+ "C": "腹大坚满,青筋暴露,胁腹攻痛,可触及肿块",
464
+ "D": "腹大胀满,人暮尤甚,面色萎黄���㿠白,肢冷浮肿",
465
+ "E": "腹大坚满,胁腹疼痛拒按,烦热口苦,渴不欲饮"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "B",
468
+ "reason": "肝脾血瘀型臌胀可见腹大坚满,青筋暴露,胁腹攻痛,可触及肿块。臌胀水湿内停证可见按之坚满,脘闷纳呆。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "以狂躁、面赤、哭笑无常为主要临床表现的证候是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "痰蒙心神证",
475
+ "B": "胆郁痰扰证",
476
+ "C": "痰火扰神证",
477
+ "D": "瘀阻脑络证",
478
+ "E": "痰阻心脉证"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "C",
481
+ "reason": "狂躁、面赤、哭笑无常属阳证,多见于狂证,系痰火扰神;而惊悸不宁、烦躁失眠,大多责之于胆,胆主决断,所以诊为胆郁痰扰证。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物,分界清楚,便后能自行回纳,青蓝色,易出血,其诊断是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "Ⅱ期内痔",
488
+ "B": "Ⅲ期内痔",
489
+ "C": "一度直肠脱垂",
490
+ "D": "二度直肠脱垂",
491
+ "E": "三度直肠脱垂"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "A",
494
+ "reason": "内痔分期:①Ⅰ期内痔,无明显自觉症状,痔核小,便时粪便带血,或滴血,量少,无痔核脱出,镜检痔核小,质软,色红;②Ⅱ期内痔,周期性、无痛性便血,呈滴血或射血状,量较多,痔核较大,便时痔核能脱出肛外,便后能自行还纳;③Ⅲ期内痔,便血少或无便血,痔核大,呈灰白色,便时痔核经常脱出肛外,甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门,不能自行还纳,须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位;④Ⅳ期内痔,平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱出肛外,手托亦常不能复位,痔核经常位于肛外,易感染,形成水肿、糜烂和坏死,疼痛剧烈。直肠脱垂分度:①一度脱垂为直肠黏膜脱出,脱出物淡红色,长3-5cm,触之柔软,无弹性,不易出血,便后可自行回纳;②二度脱垂为直肠全层脱出,脱出物长5-10cm,呈圆锥状,淡红色,表面为环状而有层次的黏膜皱襞,触之较厚,有弹性,肛门松弛,便后有时需用手回复;③三度脱垂为直肠及部分乙状结肠脱出,长10cm以上,呈圆柱形,触之很厚,肛门松弛无力。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "以惊悸不宁、烦躁失眠为主要临床表现的证候是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "痰蒙心神证",
501
+ "B": "胆郁痰扰证",
502
+ "C": "痰火扰神证",
503
+ "D": "瘀阻脑络证",
504
+ "E": "痰阻心脉证"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "B",
507
+ "reason": "狂躁、面赤、哭笑无常属阳证,多见于狂证,系痰火扰神;而惊悸不宁、烦躁失眠,大多责之于胆,胆主决断,所以诊为胆郁痰扰证。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物,为耳状淡红色黏膜皱襞,长3~5cm,触之柔软,无弹性,便后能自行回纳,不易出血,其诊断是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "Ⅱ期内痔",
514
+ "B": "Ⅲ期内痔",
515
+ "C": "一度直肠脱垂",
516
+ "D": "二度直肠脱垂",
517
+ "E": "三度直肠脱垂"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "C",
520
+ "reason": "内痔分期:①Ⅰ期内痔,无明显自觉症状,痔核小,便时粪便带血,或滴血,量少,无痔核脱出,镜检痔核小,质软,色红;②Ⅱ期内痔,周期性、无痛性便血,呈滴血或射血状,量较多,痔核较大,便时痔核能脱出肛外,便后能自行还纳;③Ⅲ期内痔,便血少或无便血,痔核大,呈灰白色,便时痔核经常脱出肛外,甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门,不能自行还纳,须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位;④Ⅳ期内痔,平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱出肛外,手托亦常不能复位,痔核经常位于肛外,易感染,形成水肿、糜烂和坏死,疼痛剧烈。直肠脱垂分度:①一度脱垂为直肠黏膜脱出,脱出物淡红色,长3-5cm,触之柔软,无弹性,不易出血,便后可自行回纳;②二度脱垂为直肠全层脱出,脱出物长5-10cm,呈圆锥状,淡红色,表面为环状而有层次的黏膜皱襞,触之较厚,有弹性,肛门松弛,便后有时需用手回复;③三度脱垂为直肠及部分乙状结肠脱出,长10cm以上,呈圆柱形,触之很厚,肛门松弛无力。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "属于手少阴心经的腧穴是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "曲池",
527
+ "B": "曲泽",
528
+ "C": "尺泽",
529
+ "D": "少海",
530
+ "E": "小海"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "D",
533
+ "reason": "属于手少阴心经的腧穴是少海。属于手太阴肺经的腧穴是尺泽。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "多局限于指甲一侧的疔疮称为",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "螺疔",
540
+ "B": "蛇头疔",
541
+ "C": "蛇眼疔",
542
+ "D": "蛀��疔",
543
+ "E": "蛇肚疔"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "生在手指指节间的,绕指肿痛,色黄或紫,叫蛀节疔。生于手指螺纹的,叫螺疔。蛇头疔指指端焮热红肿。蛇眼疔多局限于指甲一侧。生于指腹部的疔疮称蛇肚疔。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "属于手太阴肺经的腧穴是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "曲池",
553
+ "B": "曲泽",
554
+ "C": "尺泽",
555
+ "D": "少海",
556
+ "E": "小海"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "C",
559
+ "reason": "属于手少阴心经的腧穴是少海。属于手太阴肺经的腧穴是尺泽。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "生于指腹部的疔疮称为",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "螺疔",
566
+ "B": "蛇头疔",
567
+ "C": "蛇眼疔",
568
+ "D": "蛀节疔",
569
+ "E": "蛇肚疔"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "生在手指指节间的,绕指肿痛,色黄或紫,叫蛀节疔。生于手指螺纹的,叫螺疔。蛇头疔指指端焮热红肿。蛇眼疔多局限于指甲一侧。生于指腹部的疔疮称蛇肚疔。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "腹膜刺激征多见于",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "急性腹膜炎",
579
+ "B": "胆囊结石",
580
+ "C": "急性阑尾炎",
581
+ "D": "急性胰腺炎",
582
+ "E": "肾结石"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "A",
585
+ "reason": "腹肌紧张伴压痛反跳痛称为腹膜刺激征,是急性腹膜炎的可靠体征。麦氏点(右髂前上棘与脐连线中外1/3交界处)压痛多考虑急性阑尾炎。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "慢脾风患儿的目态是",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "戴眼反折",
592
+ "B": "目睛凝视",
593
+ "C": "睡眠露睛",
594
+ "D": "双睑下垂",
595
+ "E": "横目斜视"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "C",
598
+ "reason": "睡眠露睛:患者昏昏欲睡,睡后胞睑未闭而睛珠外露。多属脾气虚弱,气血不足,胞睑失养所致。常见于吐泻伤津和慢脾风的患儿。双睑下垂:多为先天不足,脾肾亏虚。目睛凝视:两眼固定,不能转动。固定前视者,称瞪目直视;固定上视者,称戴眼反折;固定斜视者,称横目斜视。多属肝风内动之证。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "麦氏点压痛多考虑",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "急性腹膜炎",
605
+ "B": "胆囊结石",
606
+ "C": "急性阑尾炎",
607
+ "D": "急性胰腺炎",
608
+ "E": "肾结石"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "C",
611
+ "reason": "腹肌紧张伴压痛反跳痛称为腹膜刺激征,是急性腹膜炎的可靠体征。麦氏点(右髂前上棘与脐连线中外1/3交界处)压痛多考虑急性阑尾炎。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "脾肾两亏的目态是",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "戴眼反折",
618
+ "B": "目睛凝视",
619
+ "C": "睡眠露睛",
620
+ "D": "双睑下垂",
621
+ "E": "横目斜视"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "D",
624
+ "reason": "睡眠露睛:患者昏昏欲睡,睡后胞睑未闭而睛珠外露。多属脾气虚弱,气血不足,胞睑失养所致。常见于吐泻伤津和慢脾风的患儿。双睑下垂:多为先天不足,脾肾亏虚。目睛凝视:两眼固定,不能转动。固定前视者,称瞪目直视;固定上视者,称戴眼反折;固定斜视者,称横目斜视。多属肝风内动之证。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "正常脾脏检查时表现为",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "不易触及",
631
+ "B": "Courvoisier征阳性",
632
+ "C": "左季肋部和肋脊点有压痛",
633
+ "D": "上腹部肋下或左季肋部触及囊性肿物,位置固定,表面光滑,无压痛",
634
+ "E": "上腹部轻压痛"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "A",
637
+ "reason": "正常情况下脾不能触及。内脏下垂或左侧胸腔积液、积气时膈下降,可使脾向下移位。除此以外,能触到脾则提示脾增大至正常2倍以上。癌发生于胰头部者,可出现梗阻性黄症及胆食肿大而无压痛(即Courvoisier征阳性)。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "直接损伤冲任,导致妇科疾病的是",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "气血失调,脏腑功能失常",
644
+ "B": "情志不畅,肝气郁结",
645
+ "C": "思虑过度,劳伤心脾",
646
+ "D": "阴虚肺燥,虚火内生",
647
+ "E": "经期产时,感染邪毒"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "E",
650
+ "reason": "经期产时,忽视卫生,感染邪毒,搏结胞宫,损伤冲任;久居湿地,冒雨涉水,或经期游泳,寒湿之邪侵袭胞宫,客于冲任;跌仆闪挫,外伤(含宫腔手术创伤),房事不节,或“合之非道”,可直接伤及胞宫。脏腑功能失常是间接导致冲任受损的病因。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "胰头癌检查时表现为",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "不易触及",
657
+ "B": "Courvoisier征阳性",
658
+ "C": "左季肋部和肋脊点有压痛",
659
+ "D": "上腹部肋下或左季肋部触及囊性肿物,位置固定,表面光滑,无压痛",
660
+ "E": "上腹部轻压痛"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "B",
663
+ "reason": "正常情况下脾不能触及。内脏下垂或左侧胸腔积液、积气时膈下降,可使脾向下移位。除此以外,能触到脾则提示脾增大至正常2倍以上。癌发生于胰头部者,可出现梗阻性黄症及胆食肿大而无压痛(即Courvoisier征阳性)。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "间接损伤冲任,导致妇科疾病的是",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "气血失调,脏腑功能失常",
670
+ "B": "情志不畅,肝气郁结",
671
+ "C": "思虑过度,劳伤心脾",
672
+ "D": "阴虚肺燥,虚火内生",
673
+ "E": "经期产时,感染邪毒"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "A",
676
+ "reason": "经期产时,忽视卫生,感染邪毒,搏结胞宫,损伤冲任;久居湿地,冒雨涉水,或经期游泳,寒湿之邪侵袭胞宫,客于冲任;跌仆闪挫,外伤(含宫腔手术创伤),房事不节,或“合之非道”,可直接伤及胞宫。脏腑功能失常是间接导致冲任受损的病因。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "肝硬化并发上消化道出血,首选的治疗方法是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "奥美拉唑静脉注射",
683
+ "B": "胃内注入去甲肾上腺素",
684
+ "C": "气囊压迫止血",
685
+ "D": "垂体后叶素静脉注射",
686
+ "E": "手术治疗"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "D",
689
+ "reason": "肝硬化并发上消化道出血、首选垂休后叶素静脉注射。消化性溃疡并发上消化道出血,首选奥美拉唑静脉注射,奥美拉唑可抑制胃酸分泌,升高胃内pH促进止血。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "治疗产后发热血瘀证,应首选",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "五味消毒饮",
696
+ "B": "生化汤",
697
+ "C": "补中益气汤",
698
+ "D": "荆防四物汤",
699
+ "E": "银翘散"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "B",
702
+ "reason": "产后瘀血内阻,营卫不通,阴阳失和,则乍寒乍热,其治疗原则为活血祛瘀,和营除热。产后亡血伤津,阴血骤虚,阳无所依,虚阳越浮于外,则身有微热,其治法为养血益气,和营退热。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "消化性溃疡并发上消化道出血,首选的治疗方法是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "奥美拉唑静脉注射",
709
+ "B": "胃内注入去甲肾上腺素",
710
+ "C": "气囊压迫止血",
711
+ "D": "垂体后叶素静脉注射",
712
+ "E": "手术治疗"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "A",
715
+ "reason": "肝硬化并发上消化道出血、首选垂休后叶素静脉注射。消化性溃疡并发上消化道出血,首选奥美拉唑静脉注射,奥美拉唑可抑制胃酸分泌,升高胃内pH促进止血。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "治疗产后发热血虚证,应首选",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "五味消毒饮",
722
+ "B": "生化汤",
723
+ "C": "补中益气汤",
724
+ "D": "荆防四物汤",
725
+ "E": "银翘散"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "产后瘀血内阻,营卫不通,阴阳失和,则乍寒乍热,其治疗原则为活血祛瘀,和营除热。产后亡血伤津,阴血骤虚,阳无所依,虚阳越浮于外,则身有微热,其治法为养血益气,和营退热。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "医师经注册后,可以",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "经资格认定取得执业证书,取得开展诊疗活动资格",
735
+ "B": "在医疗卫生机构中执业,从事相应的医疗卫生服务",
736
+ "C": "经医学本科学历教育,具备申请医师资格考试的基本条件",
737
+ "D": "增加执业范围",
738
+ "E": "经相应职称评审发给执业证书,取得相应的专业职称系列资格"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "B",
741
+ "reason": "医师经注册后,可以在医疗卫生机构中按照注册的执业地点、执业类别、执业范围执业,从事相应的医疗卫生服务中医、中西医结合医师可以在医疗机构中的中医科、中西医结合科或者其他临床科室按照注册的执业类别、执业范围执业。医师经相关专业培训和考核合格,可以增加执业范围。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "汗证肺卫不固的主症是",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
748
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
749
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
750
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
751
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "A",
754
+ "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿,以自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显,可伴有盗汗,易外感;汗证营卫失调以自汗为主,营卫之气遍绕全身,所以汗出全身而不温,没有固定的部位。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "医师经相关专业培训和考核合格,可以",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "经资格认定取得执业证书,取得开展诊疗活动资格",
761
+ "B": "在医疗卫生机构中执业,从事相应的医疗卫生服务",
762
+ "C": "经医学本科学历教育,具备申请医师资格考试的基本条件",
763
+ "D": "增加执业范围",
764
+ "E": "经相应职称评审发给执业证书,取得相应的专业职称系列资格"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "D",
767
+ "reason": "医师经注册后,可以在医疗卫生机构中按照注册的执业地点、执业类别、执业范围执业,从事相应的医疗卫生服务中医、中西医结合医师可以在医疗机构中的中医科、中西医结合科或者其他临床科室按照注册的执业类别、执业范围执业。医师经相关专业培训和考核合格,可以增加执业范围。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "汗证营卫失调的主症是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
774
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
775
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
776
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
777
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿,以自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显,可伴有盗汗,易外感;汗证营卫失调以自汗为主,营卫之气遍绕全身,所以汗出全身而不温,没有固定的部位。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "心肌梗死合并急性左心衰竭的主要治疗药物是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "吗啡和利尿剂",
787
+ "B": "硝普钠",
788
+ "C": "毛花苷C",
789
+ "D": "卡托普利",
790
+ "E": "美托洛尔"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "心肌梗死合并急性左心衰竭,以应用吗啡(或哌替啶)为主,亦可选用血管扩张剂减轻左心室的负荷,或用短效血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂从小剂量等开始治疗。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂适用于伴有心力衰竭、心肌梗死后、糖耐量异常或糖尿病肾病的高血压患者。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "黄连解毒汤",
800
+ "B": "宣毒发表汤",
801
+ "C": "清咽下痰汤",
802
+ "D": "清解透表汤",
803
+ "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "B",
806
+ "reason": "麻疹初热期,治宜辛凉透表,清宣肺卫,方选宣毒发表汤。麻疹出疹期,治宜清热解毒,佐以透发,方选清解透表汤。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "高血压伴心力衰竭的患者应选用的药物是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "吗啡和利尿剂",
813
+ "B": "硝普钠",
814
+ "C": "毛花苷C",
815
+ "D": "卡托普利",
816
+ "E": "美托洛尔"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "D",
819
+ "reason": "心肌梗死合并急性左心衰竭,以应用吗啡(或哌替啶)为主,亦可选用血管扩张剂减轻左心室的负荷,或用短效血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂从小剂量等开始治疗。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂适用于伴有心力衰竭、心肌梗死后、糖耐量异常或糖尿病肾病的高血压患者。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "黄连解毒汤",
826
+ "B": "宣毒发表汤",
827
+ "C": "清咽下痰汤",
828
+ "D": "清解透表汤",
829
+ "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "D",
832
+ "reason": "麻疹初热期,治宜辛凉透表,清宣肺卫,方选宣毒发表汤。麻疹出疹期,治宜清热解毒,佐以透发,方选清解透表汤。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "用补益药治疗闭塞不通症状的病证,属于",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "热因热用",
839
+ "B": "寒因寒用",
840
+ "C": "塞因塞用",
841
+ "D": "通因通用",
842
+ "E": "热者寒之"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "C",
845
+ "reason": "热因热用即以热药治疗真寒假热之法;寒因寒用指用寒凉药治疗内真热而外假寒的方法;通因通用是以通治通,即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病证;塞因塞用,前“塞”为塞法,指补养固涩,后“寒”为寒证,指本虚标实之满胀不通的病证!热者寒之指热性的疾病,用寒凉的方药治疗。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "根据五行相克规律确定的治则是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "益火补土",
852
+ "B": "培土制水",
853
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
854
+ "D": "泻南补北",
855
+ "E": "佐金平木"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "B",
858
+ "reason": "“培土制水法”是用温运脾阳或温肾健脾药以治疗水湿停聚为病的一种方法,即加强“土”的力量以克制“水”。“佐金平木法”是清肃肺气以抑制肝木的方法。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "用热性药治疗具有假热症状的病证,属于",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "热因热用",
865
+ "B": "寒因寒用",
866
+ "C": "塞因塞用",
867
+ "D": "通因通用",
868
+ "E": "热者寒之"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "A",
871
+ "reason": "热因热用即以热药治疗真寒假热之法;寒因寒用指用寒凉药治疗内真热而外假寒的方法;通因通用是以通治通,即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病证;塞因塞用,前“塞”为塞法,指补养固涩,后“寒”为寒证,指本虚标实之满胀不通的病证!热者寒之指热性的疾病,用寒凉的方药治疗。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "清肃肺气以抑制肝木的治法属于",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "益火补土",
878
+ "B": "培土制水",
879
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
880
+ "D": "泻南补北",
881
+ "E": "佐金平木"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "E",
884
+ "reason": "“培土制水法”是用温运脾阳或温肾健脾药以治疗水湿停聚为病的一种方法,即加强“土”的力量以克制“水”。“佐金平木法”是清肃肺气以抑制肝木的方法。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "\"无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系。\"出自的著作是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "《省心录·论医》",
891
+ "B": "《备急千金要方》",
892
+ "C": "《外科正宗》",
893
+ "D": "《本草纲目》",
894
+ "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "A",
897
+ "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”,出自我国古代的医学道德著作《省心录·论医》。“启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为病人,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁。”出自阿拉伯医学道德著作《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "患者因流产而失血过多,导致月经不调,久不怀孕,其病在哪经",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "阴跷脉、阳跷脉",
904
+ "B": "阴维脉、阳维脉",
905
+ "C": "督脉、任脉",
906
+ "D": "冲脉、任脉",
907
+ "E": "阴跷脉、阴维脉"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "D",
910
+ "reason": "任脉可调节全身阴经脉气,故称“阴脉之海”;冲脉可含蓄调节十二经气血,故称“十二经之海”,又称“血海”。根据任脉和冲脉的作用,妇女月经病多与冲任二脉有关。阴跷脉和阳跷脉具有调节肢体运动,司眼睑开合的作用,故当患者久病,眼睑开合失司,下肢运动不利时,病应在阴跷脉和阳跷脉。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "\"启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为病人,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁。\"出自的著作是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "《省心录·论医》",
917
+ "B": "《备急千金要方》",
918
+ "C": "《外科正宗》",
919
+ "D": "《本草纲目》",
920
+ "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "E",
923
+ "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”,出自我国古代的医学道德著作《省心录·论医》。“启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为病人,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁。”出自阿拉伯医学道德著作《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "患者久病,眼睑开合失司,下肢运动不利,其病在哪经",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "阴跷脉、阳跷脉",
930
+ "B": "阴维脉、阳维脉",
931
+ "C": "督脉、任脉",
932
+ "D": "冲脉、任脉",
933
+ "E": "阴跷脉、阴维脉"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "A",
936
+ "reason": "任脉可调节全身阴经脉气,故称“阴脉之海”;冲脉可含蓄调节十二经气血,故称“十二经之海”,又称“血海”。根据任脉和冲脉的作用,妇女月经病多与冲任二脉有关。阴跷脉和阳跷脉具有调节肢体运动,司眼睑开合的作用,故当患者久病,眼睑开合失司,下肢运动不利时,病应在阴跷脉和阳跷脉。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "上述各项中符合急诊科道德要求的是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "尊重病人的人格",
943
+ "B": "精诚团结,密切协作",
944
+ "C": "分秒必争,全力以赴",
945
+ "D": "具有无私奉献精神",
946
+ "E": "保守隐私和秘密"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "C",
949
+ "reason": "急诊科道德要求做好充分的急救准备;要争分夺秒,积极抢救病人要勇于承担风险,团结协作。传染科道德要求重视消毒和隔离;强化社会预防保健意识;要有不怕苦、不怕果、勇于献身的高尚道德情操;严格疫情报告制度;科学防治,不断探索。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "阻塞性黄疸,常出现",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "水样或粥样稀便",
956
+ "B": "灰白色便",
957
+ "C": "鲜血便",
958
+ "D": "细条状便",
959
+ "E": "褐色球状便"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "B",
962
+ "reason": "灰白色便常见于梗阻性黄疸;下消化道出血常见鲜血便;细条状便可见于直肠狭窄;水样便或粥样稀便多见于腹泻;褐色球状便多见于便秘。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "上述各项中符合传染科道德要求的是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "尊重病人的人格",
969
+ "B": "精诚团结,密切协作",
970
+ "C": "分秒必争,全力以赴",
971
+ "D": "具有无私奉献精神",
972
+ "E": "保守隐私和秘密"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "D",
975
+ "reason": "急诊科道德要求做好充分的急救准备;要争分夺秒,积极抢救病人要勇于承担风险,团结协作。传染科道德要求重视消毒和隔离;强化社会预防保健意识;要有不怕苦、不怕果、勇于献身的高尚道德情操;严格疫情报告制度;科学防治,不断探索。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "直肠狭窄,常出现",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "水样或粥样稀便",
982
+ "B": "灰白色便",
983
+ "C": "鲜血便",
984
+ "D": "细条状便",
985
+ "E": "褐色球状便"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "D",
988
+ "reason": "灰白色便常见于梗阻性黄疸;下消化道出血常见鲜血便;细条状便可见于直肠狭窄;水样便或粥样稀便多见于腹泻;褐色球状便多见于便秘。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "评价医务人员医疗行为善恶的标准的出发点和根本标准是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "经济标准",
995
+ "B": "疗效标准",
996
+ "C": "社会标准",
997
+ "D": "行为标准",
998
+ "E": "科学标准"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "B",
1001
+ "reason": "医德评价的标准有利于疾病的缓解、痊愈和生命的安全;有利于医学科学的发展和揭示人类生命的奥妙;有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善。疗效标准是详价医务人员医疗行为善恶标准的出发点和根本标准。社会标准是评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存和改善,是否有利于人类健康。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "遗尿肾气不足者,首选",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、百会、神门",
1008
+ "B": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肺俞、脾俞",
1009
+ "C": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、脾俞、胃俞",
1010
+ "D": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肾俞、命门",
1011
+ "E": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、足三里、胃俞"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "D",
1014
+ "reason": "遗尿之肾气不足证,应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肾俞、命门以培补肾气。遗尿脾肺气虚证,应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肺俞、脾俞以补益脾肺。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存和改善,是否有利于人类健康符合",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "经济标准",
1021
+ "B": "疗效标准",
1022
+ "C": "社会标准",
1023
+ "D": "行为标准",
1024
+ "E": "科学标准"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "C",
1027
+ "reason": "医德评价的标准有利于疾病的缓解、痊愈和生命的安全;有利于医学科学的发展和揭示人类生命的奥妙;有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善。疗效标准是详价医务人员医疗行为善恶标准的出发点和根本标准。社会标准是评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存和改善,是否有利于人类健康。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "遗尿脾肺气虚者,首选",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、百会、神门",
1034
+ "B": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肺俞、脾俞",
1035
+ "C": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、脾俞、胃俞",
1036
+ "D": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肾俞、命门",
1037
+ "E": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、足三里、胃俞"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "B",
1040
+ "reason": "遗尿之肾气不足证,应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肾俞、命门以培补肾气。遗尿脾肺气虚证,应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肺俞、脾俞以补益脾肺。"
1041
+ }
1042
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1224 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "机体阴阳失调后的一个完整的异常生命过程,指的是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "疾病",
7
+ "B": "证候",
8
+ "C": "症状",
9
+ "D": "病证",
10
+ "E": "体征"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": "阴阳失调是病机,病机影响下一个完整的异常生命过程,就是疾病。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "疾病过程中某一阶段或某一类型的病理概括,指的是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "疾病",
20
+ "B": "证候",
21
+ "C": "症状",
22
+ "D": "病证",
23
+ "E": "体征"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "B",
26
+ "reason": "“证候”概持为一系列有相互关联的症状总称,即通过望、闻、问、切四诊所获知的疾病过程中表现在整体层次上的机体反应状态及其运动、变化,也是疾病某一阶段的特征。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "阳虚日久,导致阴气化生不足反映的阴阳关系是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "互根互用",
33
+ "B": "阴阳转化",
34
+ "C": "阴阳消长",
35
+ "D": "阴阳互藏",
36
+ "E": "对立相反"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "A",
39
+ "reason": "阳损及阴,体现阴阳互根。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "统一体中的阴阳双方,每一方都包含有另一方的阴阳关系是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "互根互用",
46
+ "B": "阴阳转化",
47
+ "C": "阴阳消长",
48
+ "D": "阴阳互藏",
49
+ "E": "对立相反"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "D",
52
+ "reason": "阴中有阳,阳中有阴,体现阴阳互藏。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "五体中与脾相合的是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "脉",
59
+ "B": "皮",
60
+ "C": "肉",
61
+ "D": "筋",
62
+ "E": "骨"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "C",
65
+ "reason": "五体是指肢体的筋、脉、肉、皮、骨等。五体与五脏相合。肝合筋、心合脉、脾合肉、肺合皮、肾合骨。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "五体中与肺相合的是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "脉",
72
+ "B": "皮",
73
+ "C": "肉",
74
+ "D": "筋",
75
+ "E": "骨"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "B",
78
+ "reason": "五体是筋脉肉皮骨,肝在体合筋,心在体合脉,脾在体合肉,肺在体合皮,肾在体合骨。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "依据内经所述,具有主蛰守位生理特性的脏是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "心",
85
+ "B": "肝",
86
+ "C": "脾",
87
+ "D": "肺",
88
+ "E": "肾"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "E",
91
+ "reason": "肾主封藏,主蛰守位。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "依据内经所述,被称为生之本的脏是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "心",
98
+ "B": "肝",
99
+ "C": "脾",
100
+ "D": "肺",
101
+ "E": "肾"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "A",
104
+ "reason": "心主神明,为生之本。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "与语言、呼吸、心搏强弱有关的气是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "卫气",
111
+ "B": "宗气",
112
+ "C": "营气",
113
+ "D": "中气",
114
+ "E": "元气"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "B",
117
+ "reason": "宗气贯心脉助心行血,走息道助肺呼吸,与视听言动密切相关。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "行于脉外具有慓急滑利之性的气是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "卫气",
124
+ "B": "宗气",
125
+ "C": "营气",
126
+ "D": "中气",
127
+ "E": "元气"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "A",
130
+ "reason": "行于脉外慓急滑利是卫气,行于脉内化生血液的是营气。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "疾病治疗及时,趋于好转痊愈的病机是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "正胜邪退",
137
+ "B": "邪去正虚",
138
+ "C": "邪胜正衰",
139
+ "D": "邪正相持",
140
+ "E": "正虚邪恋"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": ""
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "疾病后期遗留某些后遗症的主要病机是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "正胜邪退",
150
+ "B": "邪去正虚",
151
+ "C": "邪胜正衰",
152
+ "D": "邪正相持",
153
+ "E": "正虚邪恋"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "E",
156
+ "reason": "邪正盛衰与疾病转归;①正胜则邪退,疾病趋向于好转和痊愈;②邪胜则正衰,疾病趋向于恶化,甚则导致死亡;③若邪正双方力量对比势均力敌;或正虚邪恋,出现邪去而正气不复的情况,则疾病多由急性转为慢性,或留下后遗症而持久难愈。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "上述各项,属虚证的是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "咽部溃烂,分散表浅",
163
+ "B": "咽部溃烂成片或凹陷",
164
+ "C": "咽部溃烂日久,周围苍白",
165
+ "D": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐松厚",
166
+ "E": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐坚韧"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "咽喉溃烂是指溃烂成片或凹陷。若腐烂分散浅表者,为肺胃之热尚轻;若溃腐日久,周围淡红或苍白者,多属虚证。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "上述各项,属疫喉的是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "咽部溃烂,分散表浅",
176
+ "B": "咽部溃烂成片或凹陷",
177
+ "C": "咽部溃烂日久,周围苍白",
178
+ "D": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐松厚",
179
+ "E": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐坚韧"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "E",
182
+ "reason": "伪膜:咽部溃烂处上履白腐,形如白膜者。如果伪膜松厚,容易拭去,去后不复生,此属肺胃热浊上壅于咽,证较轻;如果伪膜坚韧,不易剥离,重剥则出血,或剥去随即复生,此属重证,多是白喉,又称“疫喉”。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "热毒炽盛,气血壅滞常见的舌象",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "青紫舌",
189
+ "B": "淡紫舌",
190
+ "C": "绛紫舌",
191
+ "D": "点刺舌",
192
+ "E": "瘦薄舌"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "C",
195
+ "reason": "舌绛紫而干为热盛伤津,气血壅滞。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "阳气虚衰,气血运行不畅最常见的舌象是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "青紫舌",
202
+ "B": "淡紫舌",
203
+ "C": "绛紫舌",
204
+ "D": "点刺舌",
205
+ "E": "瘦薄舌"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "B",
208
+ "reason": "舌淡紫而湿润为阴寒内盛,或阳气虚衰而致寒凝血瘀。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "以自言自语,喃喃不休,见人则止为特征的是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "谵语",
215
+ "B": "独语",
216
+ "C": "郑声",
217
+ "D": "错语",
218
+ "E": "狂言"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "B",
221
+ "reason": "独语指自言自语,喃喃不休,见人语止,首尾不续的症状。多因心气虚弱,神气不足,或气郁痰阻,蒙蔽心神所致,属阴证。常见于癫病、郁病。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "以神志清楚,但语言时有错乱,语后自知言错为特征的是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "谵语",
228
+ "B": "独语",
229
+ "C": "郑声",
230
+ "D": "错语",
231
+ "E": "狂言"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "D",
234
+ "reason": "说错话,言后知错是错语。独语、错语都提示心气不足。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "上述各项,痰饮或疼痛者多见的脉象是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "涩脉",
241
+ "B": "弱脉",
242
+ "C": "细脉",
243
+ "D": "濡脉",
244
+ "E": "弦脉"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "E",
247
+ "reason": "弦脉主肝胆病、痰饮和痛症,或为胃气衰败者。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "上述各项,精伤血少者多见的脉象",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "涩脉",
254
+ "B": "弱脉",
255
+ "C": "细脉",
256
+ "D": "濡脉",
257
+ "E": "弦脉"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "A",
260
+ "reason": "涩脉主气滞血瘀、精伤血少。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "属于气滞血瘀临床表现的是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "唇甲色淡,胁下痞块,拒按,舌暗,脉沉涩",
267
+ "B": "胸胁胀闷窜痛,时轻时重,舌苔薄白,脉弦",
268
+ "C": "两胁胀闷窜痛,胁下痞块,舌略紫,脉涩",
269
+ "D": "面唇色淡白,疲乏无力,自汗,脉弱",
270
+ "E": "少气懒言,疲乏无力,自汗,舌淡,脉弱"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "C",
273
+ "reason": "两胁胀闷窜痛属于气滞;胁下痞块,舌略紫,脉涩属于血瘀。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "属于气血两虚临床表现的是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "唇甲色淡,胁下痞块,拒按,舌暗,脉沉涩",
280
+ "B": "胸胁胀闷窜痛,时轻时重,舌苔薄白,脉弦",
281
+ "C": "两胁胀闷窜痛,胁下痞块,舌略紫,脉涩",
282
+ "D": "面唇色淡白,疲乏无力,自汗,脉弱",
283
+ "E": "少气懒言,疲乏无力,自汗,舌淡,脉弱"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "D",
286
+ "reason": "面唇色淡白,是血虚;疲乏无力,自汗是气虚。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "以久病咳嗽,呼多吸少,乏力少气,自汗耳鸣,腰膝酸软为特征的症候是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "肺肾气虚",
293
+ "B": "肺气虚",
294
+ "C": "脾肺气虚",
295
+ "D": "心肺气虚",
296
+ "E": "肾气不固"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "久病咳嗽,呼多吸少,乏力少气,自汗耳鸣腰膝酸软属肺肾两虚。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "以久病咳喘,胸闷心悸,乏力少气,自汗声低为特征的证候是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "肺肾气虚",
306
+ "B": "肺气虚",
307
+ "C": "脾肺气虚",
308
+ "D": "心肺气虚",
309
+ "E": "肾气不固"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "久病咳喘,心悸属心肺气虚。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "治疗瘰疬、瘿瘤,应首选的药物是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "夏枯草",
319
+ "B": "淡竹叶",
320
+ "C": "马齿苋",
321
+ "D": "地骨皮",
322
+ "E": "龙胆草"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "A",
325
+ "reason": "夏枯草主治:头晕目赤,痰热互结之瘰疬瘿瘤,乳痈。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "治疗湿热黄疸,应首选的药物是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "夏枯草",
332
+ "B": "淡竹叶",
333
+ "C": "马齿苋",
334
+ "D": "地骨皮",
335
+ "E": "龙胆草"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "E",
338
+ "reason": "龙胆草主治:湿热黄疸、湿疹、带下、肝火头痛、目赤、耳聋,惊风抽搐。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "具有峻下冷积功效的药物是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "巴豆",
345
+ "B": "大黄",
346
+ "C": "火麻仁",
347
+ "D": "郁李仁",
348
+ "E": "松子仁"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "A",
351
+ "reason": ""
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "治疗喘证风寒壅肺证,应首选的方剂是()",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "射干麻黄汤",
358
+ "B": "麻黄汤合华盖散",
359
+ "C": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤",
360
+ "D": "三拗汤合止嗽散",
361
+ "E": "生脉散合补肺汤"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "B",
364
+ "reason": "喘证风寒壅肺证,治法:宣肺散寒。代表方:麻黄汤合华盖散加减。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "具有逐水退肿功效的药物是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "巴豆",
371
+ "B": "大黄",
372
+ "C": "火麻仁",
373
+ "D": "郁李仁",
374
+ "E": "松子仁"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "巴豆功效:峻下冷积.逐水退肿、祛痰利咽、外用蚀疮。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "治疗喘证痰浊阻肺证,应首选的方剂是()",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "射干麻黄汤",
384
+ "B": "麻黄汤合华盖散",
385
+ "C": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤",
386
+ "D": "三拗汤合止嗽散",
387
+ "E": "生脉散合补肺汤"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "C",
390
+ "reason": "喘证痰浊阻肺证,治法:祛痰降逆,宣肺平喘。代表方:二陈汤合三子养亲汤加减。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "具有通络功效的药物是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "狗脊",
397
+ "B": "独活",
398
+ "C": "防己",
399
+ "D": "五加皮",
400
+ "E": "乌梢蛇"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "E",
403
+ "reason": ""
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "治疗胁痛肝胆湿热证,应首选方剂()",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
410
+ "B": "柴胡疏肝散",
411
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
412
+ "D": "一贯煎",
413
+ "E": "茵陈蒿汤"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "A",
416
+ "reason": "胁痛肝胆湿热证,治法:疏肝利胆,清热利湿。代表方:龙胆泻肝汤加减。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "具有止疼功效的药物是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "狗脊",
423
+ "B": "独活",
424
+ "C": "防己",
425
+ "D": "五加皮",
426
+ "E": "乌梢蛇"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "E",
429
+ "reason": "乌梢蛇功效:祛风、通络、止痉。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "治疗胁痛瘀血阻络证,应首选的方剂()",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
436
+ "B": "柴胡疏肝散",
437
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
438
+ "D": "一贯煎",
439
+ "E": "茵陈蒿汤"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": "胁痛瘀血阻络证,治法:祛瘀通络。代表方:血府逐瘀汤。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "治疗痈肿疮疡、手足皲裂,应首选的药物是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "白及",
449
+ "B": "艾叶",
450
+ "C": "小蓟",
451
+ "D": "白茅根",
452
+ "E": "侧柏叶"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "A",
455
+ "reason": "白及具有收敛止血,消肿生肌的功效,善治手足皲裂。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "患者眩晕日久,精神萎靡,腰膝酸软,少寐多梦,健忘,两目干涩,视力减退,遗精,泄泻,耳鸣,齿摇,舌红少苔,脉细数,其证候是()",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "肝阳上亢证",
462
+ "B": "气血亏虚证",
463
+ "C": "肾精不足证",
464
+ "D": "痰湿中阻证",
465
+ "E": "瘀血阻络证"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "C",
468
+ "reason": "眩晕日久,精神萎靡,腰膝酸软,为肾虚之象,属肾精亏虚。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "治疗肺热咳嗽、须发早白,应首选的药物是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "白及",
475
+ "B": "艾叶",
476
+ "C": "小蓟",
477
+ "D": "白茅根",
478
+ "E": "侧柏叶"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "E",
481
+ "reason": "侧柏叶凉血止血,清肺化痰,乌发生发,善治脱发。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "患者眩晕,头重昏蒙,伴视物旋转,胸闷恶心,呕吐痰涎,食少多梦,苔白腻,脉濡滑,其证候是()",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "肝阳上亢证",
488
+ "B": "气血亏虚证",
489
+ "C": "肾精不足证",
490
+ "D": "痰湿中阻证",
491
+ "E": "瘀血阻络证"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "D",
494
+ "reason": "眩晕,头重昏蒙,伴视物旋转,胸闷恶心,呕吐痰涎,食少多梦,苔白腻,脉濡滑,为湿重浊之繁,诊为痰湿中阻证。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "具有利尿,止汗,安胎功效的药物是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "黄芩",
501
+ "B": "甘草",
502
+ "C": "白术",
503
+ "D": "大枣",
504
+ "E": "党参"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "C",
507
+ "reason": "白术健脾益气,燥湿利尿,止汗,安胎。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物,分界清楚,便后能自行回纳,青蓝色,易出血,其诊断是()",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "二期内痔",
514
+ "B": "三期内痔",
515
+ "C": "一度直肠脱垂",
516
+ "D": "二度直肠脱垂",
517
+ "E": "三度直肠脱垂"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "A",
520
+ "reason": "排便时肛内脱出肿物,青蓝色,易出血,诊为二期内痔,外痔一般不出血。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "具有祛痰,止痛,解毒功效的药物是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "黄芩",
527
+ "B": "甘草",
528
+ "C": "白术",
529
+ "D": "大枣",
530
+ "E": "党参"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "B",
533
+ "reason": "甘草具有补脾益气,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,清热解毒的功效。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物,为环状淡红色黏膜皱襞,长3~5cm,触之柔软,无弹性,便后能自行回纳,不易出血,其诊断是()",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "二期内痔",
540
+ "B": "三期内痔",
541
+ "C": "一度直肠脱垂",
542
+ "D": "二度直肠脱垂",
543
+ "E": "三度直肠脱垂"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物,为环状淡红色黏膜皱装,长3~5cm,触之柔软,无弹性,不易出血诊为脱肛,依据便后能自行回纳,诊为一度直肠脱垂。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "血府逐瘀汤组成中含有的药物是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "当归,枳壳",
553
+ "B": "当归,人参",
554
+ "C": "人参,川芎",
555
+ "D": "当归,苍术",
556
+ "E": "山药,白术"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "A",
559
+ "reason": "血府逐瘀汤药物组成:桃仁、红花、当归、生地黄、川芎、赤芍、牛膝、桔梗、柴胡、枳壳、甘草。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "治疗乳岩正虚毒炽证,应首选的方剂是()",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "神效瓜蒌散",
566
+ "B": "二仙汤",
567
+ "C": "八珍汤",
568
+ "D": "人参养荣汤",
569
+ "E": "参苓白术散"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "C",
572
+ "reason": "乳岩正虚毒炽证,治法:调补气血,清热解毒。方药:八珍汤加减。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "补中益气汤组成中含有的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "当归,枳壳",
579
+ "B": "当归,人参",
580
+ "C": "人参,川芎",
581
+ "D": "当归,苍术",
582
+ "E": "山药,白术"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "B",
585
+ "reason": "补中益气汤药物由黄芪、炙甘草、人参、当归、橘皮、升麻、柴胡、白术组成。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "治疗乳岩气血两亏证,应首选的方剂是()",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "神效瓜蒌散",
592
+ "B": "二仙汤",
593
+ "C": "八珍汤",
594
+ "D": "人参养荣汤",
595
+ "E": "参苓白术散"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "D",
598
+ "reason": "乳岩气血两亏证,治法:补益气血,宁心安神。方药:人参养荣汤加味。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "龙胆泻肝汤治疗的病证是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "湿热下注证",
605
+ "B": "湿热壅盛证",
606
+ "C": "湿热中阻证",
607
+ "D": "湿热黄疸证",
608
+ "E": "湿热痢疾证"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "A",
611
+ "reason": "龙胆泻肝汤治疗肝胆实火上炎,肝胆湿热下注。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "患者月经一月两行,量多,色深红,质黏稠,口干,舌质红,苔黄,脉滑数,其证候是()",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "阳盛血热证",
618
+ "B": "气虚证",
619
+ "C": "血虚证",
620
+ "D": "气滞血瘀证",
621
+ "E": "肾虚证"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "A",
624
+ "reason": "月经一月两行,量多,色深红,质黏稠,口干,舌质红,苔黄,脉滑数,诊为月经先期阳盛血热证。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "茵陈蒿汤治疗的病证是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "湿热下注证",
631
+ "B": "湿热壅盛证",
632
+ "C": "湿热中阻证",
633
+ "D": "湿热黄疸证",
634
+ "E": "湿热痢疾证"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "D",
637
+ "reason": "茵陈蒿汤治疗阳黄,即湿热黄疸证。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "患者经行量多,色淡红,四肢倦怠,气短懒言,舌淡,脉细数,其证候是()",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "阳盛血热证",
644
+ "B": "气虚证",
645
+ "C": "血虚证",
646
+ "D": "气滞血瘀证",
647
+ "E": "肾虚证"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "B",
650
+ "reason": "经行量多,色淡红,四肢倦怠,气短懒言,舌淡,脉细数,诊为月经量多气虚型。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "六味地黄丸组成中含有的药物是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "泽泻,丹参",
657
+ "B": "茯苓,��丹皮",
658
+ "C": "阿胶,白术",
659
+ "D": "滑石,山药",
660
+ "E": "茯苓,滑石"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "B",
663
+ "reason": "六味地黄丸中含有的药物是茯苓、泽泻、牡丹皮。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "患者近1年来经行时间延长,9~11天方尽,量不多,色紫暗,有血块,伴有小腹疼痛拒按,舌暗,脉弦涩。应首选的方剂是()",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "桃核承气汤",
670
+ "B": "膈下逐瘀汤",
671
+ "C": "《金匮要略》温经汤",
672
+ "D": "丹参饮",
673
+ "E": "桃红四物汤合失笑散"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "E",
676
+ "reason": "经行时间延长,色紫暗,有血块,伴有小腹疼痛拒按,舌暗,脉弦涩,诊为经期延长血瘀型,治法:活血祛瘀止血。代表方:桃红四物汤合失笑散加味或桂枝茯苓九加味。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "猪苓汤组成中含有的药物是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "泽泻,丹参",
683
+ "B": "茯苓,牡丹皮",
684
+ "C": "阿胶,白术",
685
+ "D": "滑石,山药",
686
+ "E": "茯苓,滑石"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "E",
689
+ "reason": "猪苓汤药物组成:猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、滑石、阿胶。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "患者每于经行小腹疼痛,拒按,经行不畅,色紫暗有块,块下痛减,舌暗,脉弦。治疗应首选的方剂是()",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "桃核承气汤",
696
+ "B": "膈下逐瘀汤",
697
+ "C": "《金匮要略》温经汤",
698
+ "D": "丹参饮",
699
+ "E": "桃红四物汤合失笑散"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "B",
702
+ "reason": "经行小腹疼痛,拒按,经行不畅,色紫暗有块,块下痛减,舌暗,脉弦,诊为痛经气滞血瘀证,治法:理气行滞,化瘀止痛代表方,照下逐瘀汤。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "清营汤证发热的特点是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "夜热早凉",
709
+ "B": "高热不退",
710
+ "C": "身热夜甚",
711
+ "D": "长期低热",
712
+ "E": "白天高热"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "C",
715
+ "reason": "清营汤主热入营分,见热(身热夜甚)、烦(心烦)、绛(舌绛红)、斑(斑疹隐隐)。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "丹痧的典型舌象是()",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "镜面舌",
722
+ "B": "地图舌",
723
+ "C": "红绛舌",
724
+ "D": "草莓舌",
725
+ "E": "霉酱舌"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "D",
728
+ "reason": "丹痧的典型舌象是草莓舌、帕氏线、环口苍白圈。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "羚角钩藤汤证发热的特点是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "夜热早凉",
735
+ "B": "高热不退",
736
+ "C": "身热夜甚",
737
+ "D": "长期低热",
738
+ "E": "白天高热"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "B",
741
+ "reason": "羚角钩藤汤主治肝经热盛,热极动风证。邪热炽盛,故高烧不退;热扰心神;,则烦闷躁扰,其则神昏。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "胃之气阴不足的典型舌象是()",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "镜面舌",
748
+ "B": "地图舌",
749
+ "C": "红绛舌",
750
+ "D": "草莓舌",
751
+ "E": "霉酱舌"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "B",
754
+ "reason": "胃之气阴不足常见地图舌,"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "理中丸可用以治疗的病证是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "胸痹",
761
+ "B": "心悸",
762
+ "C": "胁痛",
763
+ "D": "眩晕",
764
+ "E": "头痛"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": "理中丸主治脾胃虚寒所致的胸痹。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "连翘败毒散治疗紫癜的证候是()",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "风热伤络证",
774
+ "B": "血热妄行证",
775
+ "C": "气不摄血证",
776
+ "D": "阴虚火旺证",
777
+ "E": "气滞血瘀证"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "A",
780
+ "reason": "紫癜风热伤络证,治法:疏风散邪,清热凉血。主方:连翘败毒散。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "瓜蒌薤白白酒汤可用以治疗的病证是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "胸痹",
787
+ "B": "心悸",
788
+ "C": "胁痛",
789
+ "D": "眩晕",
790
+ "E": "头痛"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "瓜萎薤白白酒汤用于胸阳不振、痰气互结所致胸痹轻症。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "大补阴丸治疗紫癜的证候是()",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "风热伤络证",
800
+ "B": "血热妄行证",
801
+ "C": "气不摄血证",
802
+ "D": "阴虚火旺证",
803
+ "E": "气滞血瘀证"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "D",
806
+ "reason": "紫癜阴虚火旺证,治法:滋阴降火,凉血止血。主方:大补阴九、知柏地黄丸。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "干性胸膜炎的胸痛特点是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "精神紧张诱发",
813
+ "B": "含化硝酸甘油减轻",
814
+ "C": "呼吸时加重,屏气时消失",
815
+ "D": "压迫加剧",
816
+ "E": "进食加剧"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "C",
819
+ "reason": "干性胸膜炎的胸痛特点是尖锐刺痛或撕裂痛,呼吸时加重,屏气时消失。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "痹证属着痹者,治疗除主穴外,还应选取的配穴是()",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "膈俞、血海",
826
+ "B": "肾俞、关元",
827
+ "C": "阴陵泉、足三里",
828
+ "D": "大椎、曲池",
829
+ "E": "脾俞、胃俞"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "C",
832
+ "reason": "痹证的处方,主穴:阿是穴、局部经穴;配穴:行痹配膈俞、血海;痛痹配肾俞、关元;着痹配阴陵泉、足三里。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "食管疾病的胸痛特点是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "精神紧张诱发",
839
+ "B": "含化硝酸甘油减轻",
840
+ "C": "呼吸时加重,屏气时消失",
841
+ "D": "压迫加剧",
842
+ "E": "进食加剧"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "E",
845
+ "reason": "食管疾病常于吞咽时出现或加重。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "痹证属热痹者,治疗除主穴外,还应选取的配穴是()",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "膈俞、血海",
852
+ "B": "肾俞、关元",
853
+ "C": "阴陵泉、足三里",
854
+ "D": "大椎、曲池",
855
+ "E": "脾俞、胃俞"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "D",
858
+ "reason": "痹证的处方,主穴:阿是穴、局部经穴;配穴:热痹配大椎、曲池。另可根据疼痛的部位循经配穴。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "急性溶血可引起的尿液改变是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "乳糜尿",
865
+ "B": "血红蛋白尿",
866
+ "C": "胆红素尿",
867
+ "D": "脓尿",
868
+ "E": "血尿"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "B",
871
+ "reason": "急性溶血时游离血红蛋白在血浆内浓度超过130mg/dl时,即由尿液排出,出现血红蛋白尿。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "在踝区,外踝尖直下,外踝下缘与跟骨之间凹陷中的腧穴是()",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "商丘",
878
+ "B": "丘墟",
879
+ "C": "照海",
880
+ "D": "申脉",
881
+ "E": "然谷"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "在踝区,外踝尖直下,外踝下缘与跟骨之间凹陷中的腧穴是申脉。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "丝电病可引起的尿液改变是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "乳糜尿",
891
+ "B": "血红蛋白尿",
892
+ "C": "胆红素尿",
893
+ "D": "脓尿",
894
+ "E": "血尿"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "A",
897
+ "reason": "丝虫病可引起的尿液改变是乳糜尿。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "在踝区,内踝尖下1寸,内踝下缘切迹凹陷中的腧穴是()",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "商丘",
904
+ "B": "丘墟",
905
+ "C": "照海",
906
+ "D": "申脉",
907
+ "E": "然谷"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "C",
910
+ "reason": "在内踝尖下1寸,内踝下缘切迹凹陷中的腧穴是照海。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "对乙型肝炎病毒有免疫力的指标是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "HBsAg阳性",
917
+ "B": "抗-HBs阳性",
918
+ "C": "抗-HBc阳性",
919
+ "D": "抗-HBe阳性",
920
+ "E": "HBeAg阳性"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "B",
923
+ "reason": "乙肝病毒标志物中唯一有益的抗体是抗-HBs,表明注射乙肝疫苗或感染乙肝后产生免疫抗体。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗绝经前后诸证烦躁失眠者,应选取的配穴是()",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "中脘、阴陵泉",
930
+ "B": "关元、命门",
931
+ "C": "风池、太沖",
932
+ "D": "心俞、神门",
933
+ "E": "照海、阴谷"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "D",
936
+ "reason": "绝经前后诸证处方,主穴:肾俞、肝俞、太溪、气海、三阴交。配穴:肾阴虚配照海、阴谷;肾阳虚配关元、命门;肝阳上亢配风池、太冲;痰气郁结配中脘、丰隆;烦躁失眠配心俞、神门。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "反映乙型肝炎病毒复制减少、传染性降低的指标是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "HBsAg阳性",
943
+ "B": "抗-HBs阳性",
944
+ "C": "抗-HBc阳性",
945
+ "D": "抗-HBe阳性",
946
+ "E": "HBeAg阳性"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "D",
949
+ "reason": "乙肝病毒复制减弱、传染性降低的指标是抗-HBe。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "治疗绝经前后诸证纳少便溏者,应选取的配穴是()",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "中脘、阴陵泉",
956
+ "B": "关元、命门",
957
+ "C": "风池、太沖",
958
+ "D": "心俞、神门",
959
+ "E": "照海、阴谷"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "A",
962
+ "reason": "绝经前后诸证处方,主穴:肾俞、肝俞、太溪、气海、三阴交。配穴:纳少便溏配中脘、阴陵泉。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "房颤可出现的脉搏是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "水冲脉",
969
+ "B": "交替脉",
970
+ "C": "脉搏短绌",
971
+ "D": "重搏脉",
972
+ "E": "奇脉"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "C",
975
+ "reason": "心律绝对不规则,脉率不等于心率(脉搏短绌或短绌脉),心音强弱不等都属于心房颤动的心律特点。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "上述各项中,属失血性休克病因的是()",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "上消化道大出血",
982
+ "B": "急性心肌梗死",
983
+ "C": "中毒性痢疾",
984
+ "D": "严重低血压",
985
+ "E": "张力性气胸"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "A",
988
+ "reason": "失血性休克多见于上消化道大出血、异位妊娠破裂、产后大出血、动脉瘤破裂等。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "主动脉瓣关闭不全可出现的脉搏是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "水冲脉",
995
+ "B": "交替脉",
996
+ "C": "脉搏短绌",
997
+ "D": "重搏脉",
998
+ "E": "奇脉"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "A",
1001
+ "reason": "主动脉瓣关闭不全可出现周围血管体征:水冲脉,毛细血管搏动征,股动脉枪击音,股动脉收缩期和舒张期双重杂音,以及头部随心搏频率的上下摆动。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "上述各项中,属心脏压塞性休克病因的是()",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "上消化道大出血",
1008
+ "B": "急性心肌梗死",
1009
+ "C": "中毒性痢疾",
1010
+ "D": "严重低血压",
1011
+ "E": "张力性气胸"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "E",
1014
+ "reason": "心脏压塞性休克多见于大量心包积液、心包内出血、张力性气胸。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "诊断骨折最常用的检查方法是",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "X线检查",
1021
+ "B": "数字化减影血管造影",
1022
+ "C": "超声检查",
1023
+ "D": "CT检查",
1024
+ "E": "MRI检查"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "A",
1027
+ "reason": "X线检查是诊断骨折最常用、最基本的方法。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "上述各项中,有助于白血病分型诊断及治疗监测的是()",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "血象",
1034
+ "B": "骨髓象",
1035
+ "C": "细胞化学染色",
1036
+ "D": "细胞遗传学检查",
1037
+ "E": "血生化"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "D",
1040
+ "reason": "有助于白血病分型诊断及治疗监测的是细胞遗传学检查。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "诊断心脏和大血管病变最常用的检查方法是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "X线检查",
1047
+ "B": "数字化减影血管造影",
1048
+ "C": "超声检查",
1049
+ "D": "CT检查",
1050
+ "E": "MRI检查"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "C",
1053
+ "reason": "超声检查可检测心脏、大血管和外周血管结构。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "上述各项中,有助于急性白血病分类鉴别的是()",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "血象",
1060
+ "B": "骨髓象",
1061
+ "C": "细胞化学染色",
1062
+ "D": "细胞遗传学检查",
1063
+ "E": "血生化"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "C",
1066
+ "reason": "细胞化学染色有助于急性白血病分类鉴别,白血病确诊靠骨髓象。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "医学伦理学基本范畴的良心是指",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
1073
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的责任和使命",
1074
+ "C": "医学关系中的主体在应尽义务中的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
1075
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责中受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
1076
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在对周围人、事以及自身的内心体验和感受"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "C",
1079
+ "reason": "医学道德良心是指医务人员在履行义务的过程中,对自己行为应负道德责任的自觉认识和自我评价能力。"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "艾滋病的病原体是()",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "人类免疫缺陷病毒",
1086
+ "B": "冠状病毒",
1087
+ "C": "汉坦病毒",
1088
+ "D": "沙门病毒",
1089
+ "E": "志贺菌"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "A",
1092
+ "reason": "艾滋病(AIDS)的病原体是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIIV)"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "医学伦理学基本范畴的情感是指",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
1099
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的责任和使命",
1100
+ "C": "医学关系中的主体在应尽义务中的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
1101
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责中受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
1102
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在对周围人、事以及自身的内心体验和感受"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "E",
1105
+ "reason": "医学道德情感指的是医务人员对医学事业和服务对象所持的态度和内心体验,包括同情感,责任感和事业感。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "细菌性痢疾的病原体是()",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "人类免疫缺陷病毒",
1112
+ "B": "冠状病毒",
1113
+ "C": "汉坦病毒",
1114
+ "D": "沙门病毒",
1115
+ "E": "志贺菌"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "E",
1118
+ "reason": "痢疾杆菌属肠杆菌科志贺菌属,为革兰氏阴性杆菌。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "窦性心动过速的心电图表现为",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "QRS时限常>0.12s",
1125
+ "B": "发作时S-T段下移",
1126
+ "C": "P波在I、Ⅱ、aVF、v_3~v_6。导联直立",
1127
+ "D": "P'-R间期>0.12s",
1128
+ "E": "出现逆行P'波"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "C",
1131
+ "reason": ""
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "可确诊流行性脑脊髓膜炎的实验室检查是()",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "皮肤瘀点涂片检查",
1138
+ "B": "脑脊液常规",
1139
+ "C": "细菌培养",
1140
+ "D": "鲎溶解物试验",
1141
+ "E": "抗体检测"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "C",
1144
+ "reason": "确诊流行性脑脊髓膜炎的实验室检查是细菌培养,可取患者血液、脑脊液、骨髓等做病原菌培养,阳性即可确诊。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "房性期前收缩的心电图表现为",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "QRS时限常>0.12s",
1151
+ "B": "发作时S-T段下移",
1152
+ "C": "P波在I、Ⅱ、aVF、v_3~v_6。导联直立",
1153
+ "D": "P'-R间期>0.12s",
1154
+ "E": "出现逆行P'波"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "D",
1157
+ "reason": ""
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "用于流行性脑脊髓膜炎早期诊断的检查是()",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "皮肤瘀点涂片检查",
1164
+ "B": "脑脊液常规",
1165
+ "C": "细菌培养",
1166
+ "D": "鲎溶解物试验",
1167
+ "E": "抗体检测"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "A",
1170
+ "reason": "皮肤瘀点涂片染色,可见革兰氏染色阴性双球菌。为流行性脑脊髓膜炎早期诊断的重要方法。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "发生重大医疗过失行为导致3人以上人身损害的,医疗机构向上级报告的时限是",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "1小时",
1177
+ "B": "2小时",
1178
+ "C": "6小时",
1179
+ "D": "12小时",
1180
+ "E": "3小时"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "D",
1183
+ "reason": ""
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "上述传染病有发热且血常规嗜酸性粒细胞减少或消失的是()",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "霍乱",
1190
+ "B": "流脑",
1191
+ "C": "菌痢",
1192
+ "D": "伤寒",
1193
+ "E": "丙肝"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "D",
1196
+ "reason": "伤寒杆菌造成之伤寒病在伤寒流行季节和地区患者有持续性高热(40℃~41℃)为时1~2周以上,并出现特殊中毒面容,相对缓脉,皮肤玫瑰疹,肝脾肿大,周围血象白细胞总数低下,嗜酸性粒细胞消失骨髓象中有伤寒细胞(戒指细胞)。"
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "医疗卫生机构发现传染病菌种、毒种丢失的,向上级报告的时限是",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "1小时",
1203
+ "B": "2小时",
1204
+ "C": "6小时",
1205
+ "D": "12小时",
1206
+ "E": "3小时"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "B",
1209
+ "reason": ""
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "上述传染病,一般无发热,血常规白细胞计数增多的是()",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "霍乱",
1216
+ "B": "流脑",
1217
+ "C": "菌痢",
1218
+ "D": "伤寒",
1219
+ "E": "丙肝"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "A",
1222
+ "reason": "霍乱患者脱水导致患者血液浓缩,外周红细胞、白细胞和血红蛋白均升高,其症状以剧烈腹泻和呕吐为主症,一般无发热和腹痛。"
1223
+ }
1224
+ ]
Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "正虚而邪不盛,其治则是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "单纯扶正",
7
+ "B": "单纯祛邪",
8
+ "C": "先扶正后祛邪",
9
+ "D": "先祛邪后扶正",
10
+ "E": "扶正与祛邪同用"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": ""
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "正虚邪实,其治则是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "单纯扶正",
20
+ "B": "单纯祛邪",
21
+ "C": "先扶正后祛邪",
22
+ "D": "先祛邪后扶正",
23
+ "E": "扶正与祛邪同用"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "E",
26
+ "reason": "扶正用于正虚而邪不盛;祛邪用于邪实而正不衰;先扶正后祛邪用于正虚邪实,以正虚为主的病证;先祛邪后扶正用于邪盛正虚,但正气尚耐攻伐的病证;扶正与祛邪同用,用于正虚邪实病证,两者同时兼顾。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "根据五行相克规律确定的治法是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "益火补土",
33
+ "B": "培土制水",
34
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
35
+ "D": "泻南补北",
36
+ "E": "佐金平木"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "B",
39
+ "reason": "培土制水法是用溫运脾阳或温肾健脾药以治疗水湿停聚为病的一种方法,即加强土的力量以克制水。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "臌胀的病位主要在()",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "肺胃肾",
46
+ "B": "肝脾肾",
47
+ "C": "心肾肺",
48
+ "D": "胃肝脾",
49
+ "E": "脾肾肺"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "B",
52
+ "reason": ""
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "清泻肝火以清肃肺气的治法属于",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "益火补土",
59
+ "B": "培土制水",
60
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
61
+ "D": "泻南补北",
62
+ "E": "佐金平木"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "E",
65
+ "reason": "佐金平木法是清肃肺气以抑制肝木的方法,又称泄肝清肺法。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "消渴的病位主要在()",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "肺胃肾",
72
+ "B": "肝脾肾",
73
+ "C": "心肾肺",
74
+ "D": "胃肝脾",
75
+ "E": "脾肾肺"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "A",
78
+ "reason": "病位为常考点,应掌握。膨胀在肝、脾与肾,而消渴在肺、胃与肾。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "易于外感病邪,是气的何种功能减弱",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "推动功能",
85
+ "B": "温煦功能",
86
+ "C": "防御功能",
87
+ "D": "固摄功能",
88
+ "E": "气化功能"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "气的防御功能体现于护卫全身肌表,防御外邪入侵,此功能减延则易成外邪。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "瘋狂的主要病机是()",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "痰气郁结,气机不畅",
98
+ "B": "气滞血瘀,痰凝正虚",
99
+ "C": "气郁痰火,阴阳失调",
100
+ "D": "气机逆乱,阴阳失调",
101
+ "E": "气虚下陷,清阳不升"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "C",
104
+ "reason": "癫狂证的主要病机为气都痰火,阴阳失调。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "使血不溢出脉外而在脉中循行,是气的何种功能",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "推动功能",
111
+ "B": "温煦功能",
112
+ "C": "防御功能",
113
+ "D": "固摄功能",
114
+ "E": "气化功能"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "D",
117
+ "reason": "气的固摄作用,指气对血、精液、津液等液态物质的统摄,以防止其无故流失;气的固摄作用减弱必致血、精液、津液的耗散,脱失。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "厥证的主要病机是()",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "痰气郁结,气机不畅",
124
+ "B": "气滞血瘀,痰凝正虚",
125
+ "C": "气郁痰火,阴阳失调",
126
+ "D": "气机逆乱,阴阳失调",
127
+ "E": "气虚下陷,清阳不升"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "D",
130
+ "reason": "厥证的病机主要是气机突然逆乱,升降乖戾,气血运行失常造成的,"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "与肾关系最密切的一组是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "髓、毛、齿、前后二阴",
137
+ "B": "唇、皮、口、长夏",
138
+ "C": "唇、肉、口、四肢",
139
+ "D": "毛、肉、口、涎",
140
+ "E": "骨、发、齿、耳"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "E",
143
+ "reason": ""
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "中风半身不遂气虚血瘀,脉络瘀阻宜()",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
150
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
151
+ "C": "膈下逐瘀汤",
152
+ "D": "镇肝熄风汤",
153
+ "E": "牵正散"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "A",
156
+ "reason": ""
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "与脾关系最密切的一组是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "髓、毛、齿、前后二阴",
163
+ "B": "唇、皮、口、长夏",
164
+ "C": "唇、肉、口、四肢",
165
+ "D": "毛、肉、口、涎",
166
+ "E": "骨、发、齿、耳"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": ""
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "中风半身不遂肝阳上亢,脉络瘀阻宜()",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
176
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
177
+ "C": "膈下逐瘀汤",
178
+ "D": "镇肝熄风汤",
179
+ "E": "牵正散"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "D",
182
+ "reason": "中风半身不遂气虚血瘀,脉络瘀阻是由于气虚不能运血,气不能行,血不能荣,气血瘀滞,脉络痹阻,而致肢体废不能用。治宜补气活血,通经活络,方用补阳还五汤。肝阳上亢、脉络瘀阻证是肝阳上亢,火升风动,气血并逆于上,络破血溢,经脉阻塞,而致半身不遂。方用镇肝熄风汤平肝潜阳、息风通络。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "木通的功效是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "清热解毒,消痈散结,通经下乳",
189
+ "B": "清热泻火,利尿通淋,通经下乳",
190
+ "C": "利尿通淋,润肠通便,行滞下乳",
191
+ "D": "平肝疏肝,祛风明目,活血通乳",
192
+ "E": "通络搜风,消肿排脓,通经下乳"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "B",
195
+ "reason": "木通的功效是利尿通淋清热泻火,通经下乳。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "淋证的主要病位是()",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "心",
202
+ "B": "肝",
203
+ "C": "脾",
204
+ "D": "肾与膀胱",
205
+ "E": "肺"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "D",
208
+ "reason": ""
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "冬葵子的功效是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "清热解毒,消痈散结,通经下乳",
215
+ "B": "清热泻火,利尿通淋,通经下乳",
216
+ "C": "利尿通淋,润肠通便,行滞下乳",
217
+ "D": "平肝疏肝,祛风明目,活血通乳",
218
+ "E": "通络搜风,消肿排脓,通经下乳"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": "冬葵子的功效是利尿通淋,润肠通便,行滞下乳。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "喘证的必伤之脏是()",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "心",
228
+ "B": "肝",
229
+ "C": "脾",
230
+ "D": "肾与膀胱",
231
+ "E": "肺"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "E",
234
+ "reason": "淋证是指小便频数短涩,滴沥刺痛,欲出未尽,小腹拘急等症,病位在膀胱、肾。喘证病位在肺。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "功能平肝潜阳,软坚散结,收敛固涩的药是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "龟板",
241
+ "B": "龙骨",
242
+ "C": "鳖甲",
243
+ "D": "牡蛎",
244
+ "E": "代赭石"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "D",
247
+ "reason": "牡蛎有平肝潜阳、软坚散结、收敛固涩的功效。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "治疗消渴中消证,应首选()",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "六味地黄丸",
254
+ "B": "玉女煎",
255
+ "C": "左归丸",
256
+ "D": "沙参麦冬汤",
257
+ "E": "滋养肺肾,生津止渴"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "B",
260
+ "reason": "治中消者,宜清其胃,兼清其肾,方用玉女煎。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "功能滋阴潜阳、软坚散结,治阴虚风动的药是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "龟板",
267
+ "B": "龙骨",
268
+ "C": "鳖甲",
269
+ "D": "牡蛎",
270
+ "E": "代赭石"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "C",
273
+ "reason": "鳖甲有滋阴潜阳、软坚散结作用,善治热病伤阴、虚风内动、阴虚发热、久疟、癥瘕、经闭等证。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "治疗虚劳肺阴虚证,应首选()",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "六味地黄丸",
280
+ "B": "玉女煎",
281
+ "C": "左归丸",
282
+ "D": "沙参麦冬汤",
283
+ "E": "滋养肺肾,生津止渴"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "D",
286
+ "reason": "虚劳肺阴虚证当养阴润肺,方用沙参麦冬汤。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "归脾汤除益气健脾,养心外,还具有的功用是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "补血",
293
+ "B": "渗湿",
294
+ "C": "消食",
295
+ "D": "滋阴",
296
+ "E": "温阳"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "归脾汤益气补血,健脾养心。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "一切体表浅显的外科疾患称()",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "溃疡",
306
+ "B": "疮疡",
307
+ "C": "肿疡",
308
+ "D": "脓疡",
309
+ "E": "痈疽"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "B",
312
+ "reason": ""
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "参苓白术散除益气健脾,止泻外,还具有的功用是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "补血",
319
+ "B": "渗湿",
320
+ "C": "消食",
321
+ "D": "滋阴",
322
+ "E": "温阳"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "B",
325
+ "reason": "参苓白术散益气健脾、渗湿止泻。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "一切休表未溃破的肿块称()",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "溃疡",
332
+ "B": "疮疡",
333
+ "C": "肿疡",
334
+ "D": "脓疡",
335
+ "E": "痈疽"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "C",
338
+ "reason": "广义地说,疮疡是一切体表疾病的总称。肿疡指一切体表外科疾病尚未破溃的肿块。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "连朴饮的功用是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "解表化湿,理气和中",
345
+ "B": "清热化湿,理气和中",
346
+ "C": "宣畅气机,清热利湿",
347
+ "D": "行气降浊,宜化寒湿",
348
+ "E": "温中行气,燥湿除满"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "B",
351
+ "reason": "连朴饮清热化湿,理气和中。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "大便时肛门剧痛,便血者为()",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "直肠息肉",
358
+ "B": "血栓外痔",
359
+ "C": "肛痰",
360
+ "D": "肛裂",
361
+ "E": "肛管直肠脱垂"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "D",
364
+ "reason": "肛裂为排便时疼痛,呈刀割样疼痛,伴有出血便秘。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "鸡鸣散的功用是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "解表化湿,理气和中",
371
+ "B": "清热化湿,理气和中",
372
+ "C": "宣畅气机,清热利湿",
373
+ "D": "行气降浊,宜化寒湿",
374
+ "E": "温中行气,燥湿除满"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "D",
377
+ "reason": "鸡鸣散行气降浊,宣化寒湿。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "肛旁突然剧痛,并出现肿物,触痛明显者为()",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "直肠息肉",
384
+ "B": "血栓外痔",
385
+ "C": "肛痰",
386
+ "D": "肛裂",
387
+ "E": "肛管直肠脱垂"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "B",
390
+ "reason": "血栓外痔特点是肛门部突然剧烈疼痛,并有暗紫肿块。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "实热证可见",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "汗出蒸蒸",
397
+ "B": "动则汗出",
398
+ "C": "睡时汗出",
399
+ "D": "半身汗出",
400
+ "E": "冷汗淋漓"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "A",
403
+ "reason": "汗出蒸蒸是由于热迫津液外泄所致。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "发生于阴茎海绵体的纤维性硬结是()",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "子痈",
410
+ "B": "子痰",
411
+ "C": "囊痈",
412
+ "D": "阴茎痰核",
413
+ "E": "水疝"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "D",
416
+ "reason": "阴茎痰核是阴茎海绵体发生的纤雄性硬结。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "阴虚证可见",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "汗出蒸蒸",
423
+ "B": "动则汗出",
424
+ "C": "睡时汗出",
425
+ "D": "半身汗出",
426
+ "E": "冷汗淋漓"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "C",
429
+ "reason": "睡时汗出是为盗汗、属于阴虚证。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "发生于阴囊部的急性化脓性感染是()",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "子痈",
436
+ "B": "子痰",
437
+ "C": "囊痈",
438
+ "D": "阴茎痰核",
439
+ "E": "水疝"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": "囊痈是发生于阴囊部位的急性化脓性疾病。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "主动脉关团不全时、杂音的部位和时相为",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期杂音",
449
+ "B": "胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期杂音",
450
+ "C": "胸骨左缘第3、第4肋间收缩期杂音",
451
+ "D": "心尖区舒张中、晚期杂音",
452
+ "E": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期杂音"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "E",
455
+ "reason": ""
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "乳痨的病机是()",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "肝胃湿热,火毒外侵",
462
+ "B": "肝气郁结,冲任失调",
463
+ "C": "肾气不足,肝失所养",
464
+ "D": "肝郁化火,肺阴不足",
465
+ "E": "肝火胃热,乳儿吮吸,外吹结毒"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "D",
468
+ "reason": "乳痨多由肝郁化火,肺阴不足而致。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "室间隔缺损时,杂音的部位和时相为",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期杂音",
475
+ "B": "胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期杂音",
476
+ "C": "胸骨左缘第3、第4肋间收缩期杂音",
477
+ "D": "心尖区衍来中、晚助杂音",
478
+ "E": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期杂音"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "C",
481
+ "reason": "杂音的部位和时相有助于鉴别各种心脏杂音,主动脉瓣关闭不全时为胸骨左缘第3肋间(即主动脉瓣第二听诊区最为清晰)舒张期杂音;室间隔缺损时为胸骨左缘第3、第4肋间收缩期杂音;胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期杂音见于肺动脉瓣狭窄;胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期杂音见于主动脉瓣狭窄;心尖部舒张中、晚期杂音见于二尖瓣狭窄。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "乳发的病机是()",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "肝胃湿热,火毒外侵",
488
+ "B": "肝气郁结,冲任失调",
489
+ "C": "肾气不足,肝失所养",
490
+ "D": "肝郁化火,肺阴不足",
491
+ "E": "肝火胃热,乳儿吮吸,外吹结毒"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "A",
494
+ "reason": "乳发病因肝胃二经湿热与外邪相互搏结,蕴聚于乳房而致。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "浆膜腔渗出液",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "相对密度>1.018,蛋白定量<25g/L,白���胞>400x10^6/L",
501
+ "B": "相对密度<1.018,蛋白定量<35g/L,白细胞<500x10^6/L",
502
+ "C": "相对密度>1.018.蛋白定量>30g/L,白细胞>500x10^6/L",
503
+ "D": "相对密度<1.018.蛋白定量<25g/L,白细胞<100x10^6/L",
504
+ "E": "相对密度>1.018,蛋白定量>30g/L,白细胞<100x10^6/L"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "C",
507
+ "reason": "浆膜腔渗出液相对密度>1.018,蛋白定量>30g/L.,白细胞>500×106/L。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "滴虫性阴道炎的带下特点为()",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "带下凝乳状或豆渣样,可有臭气",
514
+ "B": "带下黄绿色质稀薄,腥臭味,有泡沫",
515
+ "C": "带下淡黄色,质稀薄",
516
+ "D": "带下稀薄淡黄色,或赤白,甚者脓性",
517
+ "E": "帶下清稀如水、无臭味"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "B",
520
+ "reason": ""
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "浆膜腔漏出液",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "相对密度>1.018,蛋白定量<25g/L,白细胞>400x10^6/L",
527
+ "B": "相对密度<1.018,蛋白定量<35g/L,白细胞<500x10^6/L",
528
+ "C": "相对密度>1.018.蛋白定量>30g/L,白细胞>500x10^6/L",
529
+ "D": "相对密度<1.018.蛋白定量<25g/L,白细胞<100x10^6/L",
530
+ "E": "相对密度>1.018,蛋白定量>30g/L,白细胞<100x10^6/L"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "D",
533
+ "reason": "浆膜腔漏出液相对密度<1.018、蛋白定量<25g/L,白细胞<100×106/L。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "念珠菌性阴道炎的带下特点为()",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "带下凝乳状或豆渣样,可有臭气",
540
+ "B": "带下黄绿色质稀薄,腥臭味,有泡沫",
541
+ "C": "带下淡黄色,质稀薄",
542
+ "D": "带下稀薄淡黄色,或赤白,甚者脓性",
543
+ "E": "帶下清稀如水、无臭味"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "A",
546
+ "reason": "滴虫性阴道炎的主要症状是稀薄的泡沫状白带增多伴阴痒。念珠菌性阴道炎的特征性白带是白色稠厚呈凝乳状或豆渣样。细菌性阴道病带下特点是带下淡黄色或血样脓性赤带,质稀。老年性阴道炎的带下特点是带下稀薄淡黄色,或赤白,甚者脓性。带下清稀如水,无臭味一般为内分泌性非炎性带下。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "高血压病合并糖尿病者首选",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "B受体阻滞剂",
553
+ "B": "利尿剂",
554
+ "C": "ACEI",
555
+ "D": "钙拮抗剂",
556
+ "E": "α受体阻滞剂"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "C",
559
+ "reason": ""
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "血瘀证妊娠腹痛治疗选方()",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸",
566
+ "B": "少汤合寿胎丸",
567
+ "C": "血府逐汤合寿胎丸",
568
+ "D": "补肾祛瘀方",
569
+ "E": "身痛逐瘀汤合寿胎丸"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": ""
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "高血压病合并痛风者不宜选用",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "B受体阻滞剂",
579
+ "B": "利尿剂",
580
+ "C": "ACEI",
581
+ "D": "钙拮抗剂",
582
+ "E": "a受体阻滞剂"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "B",
585
+ "reason": "ACEI用于高血压治疗,不仅降低血压,而且可逆转高血压引起的左室肥厚、可增加胰岛素敏感性、改善代谢异常,对早期糖尿病肾病可减少蛋白尿,具有肾保护作用。虽然α受体阻滞剂亦可增加胰岛素敏感性、钙拮抗剂、β受体阻滞剂亦可逆转左室肥厚,但综合起来应首选ACEI,利尿剂的副作用是引起高尿酸血症,故不宜用于痛风患者。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "血瘀证胎动不安治疗选方()",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸",
592
+ "B": "少汤合寿胎丸",
593
+ "C": "血府逐汤合寿胎丸",
594
+ "D": "补肾祛瘀方",
595
+ "E": "身痛逐瘀汤合寿胎丸"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "A",
598
+ "reason": "中医有同病异治和异病同治,妊娠腹痛、胎动不安虽属于不同的两种病,但是同样的血瘀证治疗均以活血祛瘀,补肾安胎为治法。方剂为桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "肝陡化时,门静脉高压可引起",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "男性乳腺发育",
605
+ "B": "食管静脉曲张",
606
+ "C": "氨中毒",
607
+ "D": "凝血因子减少",
608
+ "E": "黄疸"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "B",
611
+ "reason": ""
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "麻疹邪毒闭肺证在麻疹的基础上症见()",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "高热骤降、涕泪横流,两目红赤",
618
+ "B": "高热不退,咳嗽气促、鼻扇痰鸣",
619
+ "C": "壮热起伏,烦躁不安,咳嗽阵作",
620
+ "D": "高热不退,烦躁谵妄,四肢抽摘",
621
+ "E": "咽喉肿痛,咳声重浊,声如犬吠"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "B",
624
+ "reason": "高热不退,咳嗽气促,鼻扇痰鸣,是麻疹邪盘闭肺的特征。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "肝��化时、肝脏解毒功能下降表现为",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "男性乳腺发育",
631
+ "B": "食管静脉曲张",
632
+ "C": "氨中毒",
633
+ "D": "凝血因子减少",
634
+ "E": "黄疸"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "C",
637
+ "reason": "肝硬化时,门静脉高压可引起食管静脉曲张、腹壁静脉曲张、脾大和腹水;肝硬化时,肝脏解毒功能下降表现为氨中毒,肝硬化时,肝脏的激素灭活功能下降表现为男性乳腺发育;肝硬化时,肝脏制造凝血因子功能下降表现为凝血因子减少;肝硬化时,对胆红素的处理功能障碍则表现为黄疸。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "麻疹邪毒攻喉证在麻疹的基础上症见()",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "高热骤降、涕泪横流,两目红赤",
644
+ "B": "高热不退,咳嗽气促、鼻扇痰鸣",
645
+ "C": "壮热起伏,烦躁不安,咳嗽阵作",
646
+ "D": "高热不退,烦躁谵妄,四肢抽摘",
647
+ "E": "咽喉肿痛,咳声重浊,声如犬吠"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "E",
650
+ "reason": "咽喉肿痛,咳声重浊,声如犬吠,是麻疹邪毒攻喉的特征。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "医学道德的具体原则不包括",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "不伤害原则",
657
+ "B": "有利原则",
658
+ "C": "公正原则",
659
+ "D": "尊重原则",
660
+ "E": "平等原则"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "E",
663
+ "reason": ""
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "小儿添加菜汤、奶糕、鱼泥的时间为()",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "2~3个月",
670
+ "B": "4~6个月",
671
+ "C": "7~9个月",
672
+ "D": "8~12个月",
673
+ "E": "以上都不是"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "A",
676
+ "reason": ""
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "身心损害的是哪一条原则",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "不伤害原则",
683
+ "B": "有利原则",
684
+ "C": "公正原则",
685
+ "D": "尊重原则",
686
+ "E": "平等原则"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "A",
689
+ "reason": "医学道德的基本原则是指在医学实践活动中调节医务人员人际关系及医务人员与社会关系的最基本出发点和指导准则。医学道德的基本原则是比较概括的、具有指导性的原则,在具体运用时还要借助一些具体原则,以实现它的要求。具体原则:不伤害原则、有利原则、尊重原则和公正原则等,不包括平等原则。在医学实践中,不伤害是指在诊治、护理过程中不使患者的身心受到损伤。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "小儿添加菜泥、蛋黄、奶糕、鱼泥、肉末的时间为()",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "2~3个月",
696
+ "B": "4~6个月",
697
+ "C": "7~9个月",
698
+ "D": "8~12个月",
699
+ "E": "以上都不是"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "B",
702
+ "reason": ""
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》,属于乙类传染病的是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "鼠疫",
709
+ "B": "麻风病",
710
+ "C": "百日咳",
711
+ "D": "流行性感冒",
712
+ "E": "流行性腮腺炎"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "C",
715
+ "reason": ""
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "第5胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸的腧穴是()",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "肝俞",
722
+ "B": "肾俞",
723
+ "C": "脾俞",
724
+ "D": "肺俞",
725
+ "E": "心俞"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "E",
728
+ "reason": ""
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》,甲类传染病除了霍乱外,还包括",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "鼠疫",
735
+ "B": "麻风病",
736
+ "C": "百日咳",
737
+ "D": "流行性感冒",
738
+ "E": "流行性腮腺炎"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "A",
741
+ "reason": "《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》第三条规定:甲类传染病是指鼠疫、霍乱。乙类传染病是指传染性非典型性肺炎、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、麻疹、流行性出血热、狂犬病、流行性乙型脑炎、登革热、炭疽、细菌性和阿米巴痢疾、肺结核、伤寒和副伤寒、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、百日咳、白喉、新生儿破伤风、猩红热、布鲁氏菌病、淋病、梅毒、钩端螺旋体病、血吸虫病、疟疾。丙类传染病是指流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、风疹、急性出血性结膜炎、麻风病、流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒、黑热病、棘球蚴病、丝虫病,除霍乱、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒以外的感染性腹泻病。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "第3胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸的腧穴是()",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "肝俞",
748
+ "B": "肾俞",
749
+ "C": "脾俞",
750
+ "D": "肺俞",
751
+ "E": "心俞"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "D",
754
+ "reason": "肝俞在背部,当第9胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸;肾俞在第2腰椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;脾俞位于第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肺俞位于第3胸椎棘���下旁开1.5寸;心俞在第5胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "流行性出血热治疗以“稳、促、导、透”为原则的时期是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "发热期",
761
+ "B": "低血压休克期",
762
+ "C": "少尿期",
763
+ "D": "多尿期",
764
+ "E": "恢复期"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "C",
767
+ "reason": ""
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "行痹针灸治疗在主穴的基础上配()",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "肾俞、关元",
774
+ "B": "阴陵泉、足三里",
775
+ "C": "大椎、曲池",
776
+ "D": "膈俞、血海",
777
+ "E": "丰隆、曲池"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "D",
780
+ "reason": "风邪偏盛为行痹,取膈俞、血海以活血,遵治风先治血,血行风自灭之义。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "流行性出血热治疗原则为补充血容量,纠正酸中毒,改善微循环的时期是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "发热期",
787
+ "B": "低血压休克期",
788
+ "C": "少尿期",
789
+ "D": "多尿期",
790
+ "E": "恢复期"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "B",
793
+ "reason": "流行性出血热治疗原则。①发热期:控制感染,减轻外渗,改善中毒症状和预防DIC;②低血压休克期:积极补充血容量,注意纠正酸中毒和改善微循环功能;③少尿期:稳、促、导、透;④多尿期:移行期和多尿早期的治疗同少尿期。多尿后期主要是维持水和电解质平衡,防治继发感染。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "痛痹针灸治疗在主穴的基础上配()",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "肾俞、关元",
800
+ "B": "阴陵泉、足三里",
801
+ "C": "大椎、曲池",
802
+ "D": "膈俞、血海",
803
+ "E": "丰隆、曲池"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "A",
806
+ "reason": "寒邪偏盛为痛痹,取肾俞、关元,益火之源,振备阳气而祛寒邪。"
807
+ }
808
+ ]
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1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "患者,女,56岁。胁痛口苦,目黄,小便短赤,胸闷纳呆,恶心呕吐,舌苔黄腻,脉弦滑数。其诊断是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "黄疸,湿重于热证",
7
+ "B": "黄疸,热重于湿证",
8
+ "C": "黄疸,湿热并重证",
9
+ "D": "胁痛,肝胆湿热证",
10
+ "E": "胁痛,肝郁化热证"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "D",
13
+ "reason": "题中患者以胁痛口苦为主要症状,诊断为胁痛。胁痛口苦,胸闷为湿热蕴结肝经,肝络失和,疏泄失职所致;湿热中阻,升降失常,故纳呆,恶心呕吐;肝病及胆,胆汁外溢,故目黄;舌苔黄腻,脉弦滑数均为肝经湿热之象,故辨证为肝胆湿热证。"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "男,54岁,有消渴病史,背部肿势平塌,根脚散漫,皮色紫滞,疼痛剧烈,脓腐难化,脓水稀少,口渴多饮,大便燥结,小便短赤。舌红,苔黄燥,脉细弦数。此时辨证应为何种论型",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "火毒凝结",
20
+ "B": "阴虚火炽",
21
+ "C": "暑热浸淫",
22
+ "D": "气虚毒滞",
23
+ "E": "湿热壅滞"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "B",
26
+ "reason": "有头疽的特点是初起皮肤上即有粟粒样脓头,掀热红肿胀痛,迅速向深部及周围扩散,脓头相继增多,溃烂后如莲蓬,蜂窝,好发于项后、背部等皮肤厚韧之处,多见于老年人及消渴患者,并容易发生内陷。阴液亏虚,虚火内生,复感湿热毒邪,阴虚无水制火热之邪,而使毒蕴更甚,故见脓腐难化,脓水稀少,口渴多饮,大便燥结,小便短赤,舌红,苔黄燥,脉细弦数。根据题干信息可诊断为阴虚火炽证。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "患者,女,56岁。胁痛口苦,目黄,小便短赤,胸闷纳呆,恶心呕吐,舌苔黄腻,脉弦滑数。其治法是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "清热利湿",
33
+ "B": "清热通腑,利湿退黄",
34
+ "C": "利湿化浊运脾,佐以清热",
35
+ "D": "温中化湿,健脾和胃",
36
+ "E": "调和肝脾,理气助运"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "A",
39
+ "reason": "证机概要:湿热蕴结,肝胆失疏,络脉失和,宜采用清热利湿的治疗方法。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "男,54岁,有消渴病史,背部肿势平塌,根脚散漫,皮色紫滞,疼痛剧烈,脓腐难化,脓水稀少,口渴多饮,大便燥结,小便短赤。舌红,苔黄燥,脉细弦数。此时最恰当的治法是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "健脾和胃,清化湿热",
46
+ "B": "滋阴生津,清热托毒",
47
+ "C": "清暑化湿解毒",
48
+ "D": "清热托毒",
49
+ "E": "扶正托毒"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "B",
52
+ "reason": "有头疽,阴虚火炽证其治法为滋阴生津,清热托毒。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "患者,女,56岁。胁痛口苦,目黄,小便短赤,胸闷纳呆,恶心呕吐,舌苔黄腻,脉弦滑数。其治疗首选方剂是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "茵陈四苓汤",
59
+ "B": "龙胆泻肝汤",
60
+ "C": "茵陈蒿汤",
61
+ "D": "一贯煎",
62
+ "E": "复元活血汤"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "B",
65
+ "reason": "肝胆湿热之胁痛的首选治疗方药:龙胆泻肝汤加减。本方具有清利肝胆湿热的功用,适用于肝胆湿热而致的胁痛。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "男,54岁,有消渴病史,背部肿势平塌,根脚散漫,皮色紫滞,疼痛剧烈,脓腐难化,脓水稀少,口渴多饮,大便燥结,小便短赤。舌红,苔黄燥,脉细弦数。此时最恰当的代表方是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "仙方活命饮",
72
+ "B": "五味消毒饮",
73
+ "C": "五味消毒饮合仙方活命饮",
74
+ "D": "竹叶黄芪汤",
75
+ "E": "防风通圣散"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "有头疽,阴虚火炽证方用竹叶黄芪汤。故选D。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "患者,男,76岁。反复咳喘26年多。胸部膨满,呼吸浅短难续,张口抬肩,倚息不能平卧,咳嗽,痰白如沫,咯吐不利,胸闷心慌,形寒汗出,腰膝酸软,小便清长,舌暗紫,脉沉细数无力。其诊断是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "肺胀之痰浊壅肺证",
85
+ "B": "肺胀之肺肾气虚证",
86
+ "C": "肺胀之阳虚水泛证",
87
+ "D": "肺胀之痰热郁肺证",
88
+ "E": "喘证之正虚喘脱证"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "题中患者以胸部膨满,呼吸浅短难续,张口抬肩,倚息不能平卧为主要症状,诊断为肺胀。肺肾一气能则不能主气,纳气,故呼收浅短难续,倚息不能平卧,张口抬肩;肺病及心!心气虚弱,故胸闷心慌;寒饮伏肺,肾虚水泛,则痰白如沫,咯吐不利;肺失治节,气不帅血,气滞血瘀,则舌暗紫,脉沉细数无力。故辨为肺肾气虚证。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "患者,男,36岁,下肢局部灼热疼痛,肿胀,可见水疤、紫斑,经常反复发作。伴发热,食欲不振。舌红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。可诊断为",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "内发丹毒",
98
+ "B": "赤游风",
99
+ "D": "抱头火丹",
100
+ "C": "流火",
101
+ "E": "类丹毒"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "C",
104
+ "reason": "根据其发病部位的不同,丹毒有不同的病名,生于胸腹腰胯部者,称为内发丹毒;发于头面部者,称抱头火丹;发于小腿足部者,称流火;新生儿多生于部,称赤游丹。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "患者,男,76岁。反复咳喘26年多。胸部膨满,呼吸浅短难续,张口抬肩,倚息不能平卧,咳嗽,痰白如沫,咯吐不利,胸闷心慌,形寒汗出,腰膝酸软,小便清长,舌暗紫,脉沉细数无力。其治法是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "化痰降气,健脾益肺",
111
+ "B": "涤痰,开窍,熄风",
112
+ "C": "清肺化痰,降逆平喘",
113
+ "D": "滋阴润肺",
114
+ "E": "补肺纳肾,降气平喘"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "E",
117
+ "reason": "肺肾两虚,气失摄纳宜采用补肺纳肾,降气平喘的治疗方法。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "患者,男,36岁,下肢局部灼热疼痛,肿胀,可见水疤、紫斑,经常反复发作。伴发热,食欲不振。舌红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。发病的总因为",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "肝脾郁火",
124
+ "B": "湿热火毒",
125
+ "C": "胎热火毒",
126
+ "D": "风热火毒",
127
+ "E": "血热火毒"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "E",
130
+ "reason": "丹毒总由血热火毒为患。发于头面部者,多夹风热;发于胸腹腰胯部者,多夹肝脾郁火;发于下肢者,多夹湿热;发于新生儿者,多有胎热火毒。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "患者,男,76岁。反复咳喘26年多。胸部膨满,呼吸浅短难续,张口抬肩,倚息不能平卧,咳嗽,痰白如沫,咯吐不利,胸闷心慌,形寒汗出,腰膝酸软,小便清长,舌暗紫,脉沉细数无力。其治疗首选方剂是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "小青龙汤",
137
+ "B": "三子养亲汤",
138
+ "C": "桑白皮汤",
139
+ "D": "杏苏散",
140
+ "E": "平喘固本汤合补肺汤"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "E",
143
+ "reason": "肺胀之肺肾气虚证方药:平喘固本汤合补肺汤加减。前方补肺纳肾,降气化痰,用于肺肾气虚,喘咳有痰者;后方功在补肺益气,用于肺气虚弱,喘咳短气不足以息者。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "患者,男,36岁,下肢局部灼热疼痛,肿胀,可见水疤、紫斑,经常反复发作。伴发热,食欲不振。舌红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。选用的方剂是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "五味消毒饮",
150
+ "B": "柴胡清肝汤",
151
+ "C": "普济消毒饮",
152
+ "D": "犀角地黄汤",
153
+ "E": "五神汤合萆薢渗湿汤"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "E",
156
+ "reason": "结合患者的症状可辨证为丹毒之湿热毒蕴证。证候:发于下肢,局部红赤肿胀、灼热疼痛,或见水疱、紫斑,甚至结毒化脓或皮肤坏死。或反复发作,可形成大脚风。伴发热,胃纳不香。舌红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。治法:利湿清热解毒。代表方:五神汤合单薛渗湿汤加减。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "患者,男,36岁。平日性情急躁易怒,近日因工作不顺致失眠,不思饮食,口渴喜饮,口苦目赤,小便黄,大便秘结,舌红苔黄,脉弦数。其证型诊断是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "心脾两虚证",
163
+ "B": "心肾不交证",
164
+ "C": "心胆气虚证",
165
+ "D": "肝火扰心证",
166
+ "E": "瘀血阻滞证"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "D",
169
+ "reason": "题中患者以失眠为主要症状诊断为不寐。本证多因情志不舒伤肝,肝失条达,气郁化火,上扰心神,则失眠;肝火偏旺,则性情急躁易怒;肝气犯胃,则不思饮食;肝郁化火,肝火乘胃,胃热,则口渴喜饮;火热上扰,故目赤口苦;小便黄,大便秘结,舌红苔黄,脉弦数,均为热象,故辨证为肝火扰心证。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "8月上旬,一男性儿童前额部出现2个红肿结块,约2cmX2cm,中央有一个脓头未溃,疼痛拒按,伴口渴便秘,尿短赤。其诊断为",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "痈",
176
+ "B": "疖病",
177
+ "C": "有头疖",
178
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
179
+ "E": "多发性疖"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "C",
182
+ "reason": "有头疖的临床表现:患者皮肤上有一红色结块,范围约3cm,灼热疼痛,突起根浅,中心有一脓头,出脓即愈。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "患者,男,36岁。平日性情急躁易怒,近日因工作不顺致失眠,不思饮食,口渴喜饮,口苦目赤,小便黄,大便秘结,舌红苔黄,脉弦数。其治法是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "补益心脾,养血安神",
189
+ "B": "滋阴降火,交通心肾",
190
+ "C": "疏肝泻火,镇心安神",
191
+ "D": "益气镇惊,安神定志",
192
+ "E": "补肾健脾,益气生精"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "C",
195
+ "reason": "肝郁化火,上扰心神宜采用疏肝泻火,镇心安神的治疗方法。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "8月上旬,一男性儿童前额部出现2个红肿结块,约2cmX2cm,中央有一个脓头未溃,疼痛拒按,伴口渴便秘,尿短赤。应选用",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "五味消毒饮",
202
+ "B": "仙方活命饮",
203
+ "C": "清暑汤",
204
+ "D": "防风通圣散",
205
+ "E": "黄连解毒汤"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "C",
208
+ "reason": "结合患儿的症状可辨证为暑热浸淫证。证候:发于夏秋季节,以小儿及产妇多见。局部皮肤红肿结块,灼热疼痛,根脚很浅范围局限。伴发热,口干,便秘,波赤。舌苔薄腻,脉滑数。治法:清暑化湿解毒。代表方:清汤加减。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "患者,男,36岁。平日性情急躁易怒,近日因工作不顺致失眠,不思饮食,口渴喜饮,口苦目赤,小便黄,大便秘结,舌红苔黄,脉弦数。其最佳治疗方剂为",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
215
+ "B": "丹栀逍遥散",
216
+ "C": "滋水清肝饮",
217
+ "D": "柴胡疏肝散",
218
+ "E": "黄连温胆汤"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "A",
221
+ "reason": "肝火扰心之不寐方药:龙胆泻肝汤加减。本方有清泻肝胆实火之功效,适用于肝郁化火上炎所致的不寐。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "8月上旬,一男性儿童前额部出现2个红肿结块,约2cmX2cm,中央有一个脓头未溃,疼痛拒按,伴口渴便秘,尿短赤。外治法可选用",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "太乙膏",
228
+ "B": "九一丹",
229
+ "C": "青黛散",
230
+ "D": "生肌散",
231
+ "E": "三黄洗剂"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "E",
234
+ "reason": "疖的外治法:初起,小者用千锤膏或三黄洗剂外搽,大者用金黄散或玉露散,以银花露或菊花露调成糊状外敷。遍体发疮、破流脓水成片者,用青黛散、麻油调敷。脓成则切开排脓,用九一丹掺太乙膏盖贴。脓尽改用生肌散收口。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "患者,男性,45岁。正值夏季盛暑之季,今日在户外劳动后两小时即出现泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,小便短黄,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。其辨证是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "寒湿证",
241
+ "B": "食滞证",
242
+ "C": "脾胃虚弱证",
243
+ "D": "湿热伤中证",
244
+ "E": "肝气乘脾证"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "D",
247
+ "reason": "题中患者以泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐为主要症状,无里急后重感,无赤白脓血,诊断为泄泻。泄泻腹痛为感受湿热之邪:肠腑传化失常所致;肠中有热,热邪类火,火性急白士hYE洪劫下下名苦识气G’±h3t秽,肛门灼热,小便短黄;烦热口渴,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数均为湿热内盛之象,故辨为泄泻湿热伤中证。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "患者,男,5岁,生疖于头顶皮肉较薄之处,引流不畅,头皮串空。其诊断为",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "痈",
254
+ "B": "有头疽",
255
+ "C": "附骨疽",
256
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
257
+ "E": "多发性疖"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": "患疖后若处理不当,疮口过小,脓毒潴留,或搔抓碰伤,脓毒旁窜,加之头顶皮肉较薄、头皮窜空而成蝼蛄疖。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "患者,男性,45岁。正值夏季盛暑之季,今日在户外劳动后两小时即出现泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,小便短黄,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。其治法是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "温肾健脾,涩肠止泻",
267
+ "B": "清热利湿,分利止泻",
268
+ "C": "抑肝扶脾",
269
+ "D": "芳香化湿,疏表散寒",
270
+ "E": "消食导滞"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "B",
273
+ "reason": "感受湿热之邪,肠腑传化失常宜采用清热利湿,分利止泻的治疗方法。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "患者,男,5岁,生疖于头顶皮肉较薄之处,引流不畅,头皮串空。下列哪项不是该病的病因病机",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "夏秋季节感受暑毒而生",
280
+ "B": "暑湿引起痱子,搔抓破伤染毒",
281
+ "C": "天热汗出不畅,湿热蕴蒸肌肤",
282
+ "D": "内郁湿火,外感风邪,两相搏结,蕴阻肌肤",
283
+ "E": "正气不足,毒邪流窜,经络阻隔,气血凝滞"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "E",
286
+ "reason": "疖的病因病机:常因内郁湿火,外感风邪,两相搏结,蕴阻肌肤所致;或夏秋季节感受暑毒而生;或因汗出不畅,暑湿热蕴蒸肌肤,引起痱子,复经搔抓,破伤染毒而成。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "患者,男性,45岁。正值夏季盛暑之季,今日在户外劳动后两小时即出现泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,小便短黄,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。其治疗应首选的方剂是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "枳实导滞丸",
293
+ "B": "白头翁汤",
294
+ "C": "芍药汤",
295
+ "D": "藿香正气散",
296
+ "E": "葛根芩连汤"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "E",
299
+ "reason": "泄泻湿热证的首选治疗方药葛根芩连汤。本方功能解表清里,适用于湿热泄泻,湿热由表人里,内陷阳明,泻下臭秽,身热口干,苔黄脉数者。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "患者,男,5岁,生疖于头顶皮肉较薄之处,引流不畅,头皮串空。治疗方法,以下列哪项为主",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "散风清热",
306
+ "B": "泻火解毒",
307
+ "C": "凉血活血",
308
+ "D": "清热解毒",
309
+ "E": "和营解毒"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "疖的治疗方法以清热解毒为主。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "患者,男,55岁。小便频数短涩,灼热刺痛,尿中挟沙石,排尿时突然中断,尿道窘迫疼痛,尿中带血,舌红,苔薄黄,脉弦数。其诊断为",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "劳淋",
319
+ "B": "气淋",
320
+ "C": "膏淋",
321
+ "D": "血淋",
322
+ "E": "石淋"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "E",
325
+ "reason": "题中患者以小便频数短涩,灼热刺痛为主要症状,诊断为淋证。尿中挟砂石为石淋的典型特征。湿热下注,煎熬尿液,结为砂石,故为石淋。砂石随尿排出艰难,故小便频数短涩,灼热刺痛;尿中挟砂石,若砂粒较大,阻塞尿路,则排尿时突然中断,并因阻塞不同而致尿道窘迫疼痛;砂石损伤脉络,尿中带血,舌红,苔薄黄,脉弦或带数。故辨证为石淋。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "患者,男,46岁,近日腰痛,排尿疼病困难呈点滴状,甚至尿流中断,偶见血尿,尿频,尿急,尿痛,小便昏赤,口干欲饮。舌红,苔黄腻,脉弦数。其病位是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "肾、脾",
332
+ "B": "肾、膀胱",
333
+ "C": "肾、肝",
334
+ "D": "肝、脾",
335
+ "E": "肝、膀胱"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "B",
338
+ "reason": "根据题干信息:男,46岁,近日腰痛,排尿疼痛困难、呈点滴状,甚至尿流中断:偶见血尿,尿频,尿急,尿痛,小便昏赤,可诊断为尿石症;本病多由肾虚和下焦湿热引起,病位在肾、膀胱和溺窍,肾虚为本,湿热为标。肾虚则膀胱气化不利,尿液生成与排泄失常,加之摄生不慎,感受湿热之邪,或饮食不节,嗜食辛辣肥甘醇酒之品,致湿热内生,蕴结膀胱,煎热尿液,结为砂石;湿热蕴结,气机不利,结石梗阻,不通则痛;热伤血络,可引起血尿。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "患者,男,55岁。小便频数短涩,灼热刺痛,尿中挟沙石,排尿时突然中断,尿道窘迫疼痛,尿中带血,舌红,苔薄黄,脉弦数。其治法为",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "清热利湿,排石通淋",
345
+ "B": "补脾益肾",
346
+ "C": "清热利湿,分清泄浊",
347
+ "D": "清热通淋,凉血止血",
348
+ "E": "理气疏导,通淋利尿"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "A",
351
+ "reason": "湿热蕴结下焦,尿液煎热成石,膀胱气化失司宜采用清热利湿,排石通淋的治疗方法。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "患者,男,46岁,近日腰痛,排尿疼病困难呈点滴状,甚至尿流中断,偶见血尿,尿频,尿急,尿痛,小便昏赤,口干欲饮。舌红,苔黄腻,脉弦数。其治法为",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "清热利湿,通淋排石",
358
+ "B": "疏肝理气,利尿通淋",
359
+ "C": "理气活血,通淋排石",
360
+ "D": "补肾益气,通淋排石",
361
+ "E": "清热解毒,利尿排石"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "患者近日腰痛,排尿疼痛困难、呈点滴状,甚至尿流中断,偶见血尿,尿频,尿急,尿痛可以辨病为尿石症;小便昏赤,口干欲饮。舌红,苔黄腻,脉弦数可辩证:湿热蕴结证,其治法为清热利湿,通淋排石。故选A。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "患者,男,55岁。小便频数短涩,灼热刺痛,尿中挟沙石,排尿时突然中断,尿道窘迫疼痛,尿中带血,舌红,苔薄黄,脉弦数。治疗应首选",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "八正散",
371
+ "B": "石韦散",
372
+ "C": "小蓟饮子",
373
+ "D": "沉香散",
374
+ "E": "无比山药丸"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "B",
377
+ "reason": "石淋的治疗首选方药:石韦散加减。本方清热利湿,排石通淋,适用于各种石淋。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "患者,男,46岁,近日腰痛,排尿疼病困难呈点滴状,甚至尿流中断,偶见血尿,尿频,尿急,尿痛,小便昏赤,口干欲饮。舌红,苔黄腻,脉弦数。首选治疗方剂是",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "��生肾气丸",
384
+ "B": "金铃子散",
385
+ "C": "无比山药丸",
386
+ "D": "三金排石汤",
387
+ "E": "石韦散"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "D",
390
+ "reason": "尿石症一湿热蕴结证其首选治疗方剂是三金排石汤加减;气滞血瘀证选用金铃子散合石韦散加减;肾气不足证选用济生肾气丸加减。故本题选D。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "患者,男,50岁。喉中痰鸣如吼,胸高胁胀,痰黄黏稠,咳吐不利,烦闷不安,面赤汗出,舌红苔黄,脉弦滑。其证型诊断是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "热哮证",
397
+ "B": "寒包热哮证",
398
+ "C": "风痰哮证",
399
+ "D": "风热犯肺证",
400
+ "E": "痰湿蕴肺证"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "A",
403
+ "reason": "题中患者以喉中痰鸣如吼,脑高胁胀为主症,诊断为哮病。痰热内盛,壅塞肺气,则胸闷胁胀;痰热交结,随肺气上逆,故痰黄黏稠,痰鸣如吼;热扰心神,则烦闷不安;里热炽盛,蒸达于外,则汗出面赤;结合舌脉表现,本病辨证为热哮证。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "赵某,女,27岁。2天前外阴部忽然肿胀疼痛,近日红肿加重,疼痛加剧,痛不可忍,发热心烦,便秘尿黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。诊断为",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "阴痛,湿热型",
410
+ "B": "阴肿,湿热下注型",
411
+ "C": "阴疮,热毒型",
412
+ "D": "阴痛,肝郁气滞型",
413
+ "E": "阴茧,肝肾阴虚型"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "C",
416
+ "reason": "根据题干信息:女性患者,2天前外阴部忽然肿胀疼痛,近日红肿加重,疼痛加剧,痛不可忍,发热心烦,便秘尿黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。可诊断:阴疮,热毒型。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "患者,男,50岁。喉中痰鸣如吼,胸高胁胀,痰黄黏稠,咳吐不利,烦闷不安,面赤汗出,舌红苔黄,脉弦滑。其治法是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "宣肺散寒,化痰平喘",
423
+ "B": "解表散寒,清化痰热",
424
+ "C": "补肺纳肾,降气化痰",
425
+ "D": "清热宣肺,化痰定喘",
426
+ "E": "解表清里,化痰平喘"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "D",
429
+ "reason": "痰热内蕴,肺失清肃,壅阻气道,宜采用清热宣肺,化痰定喘的治疗方法。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "赵某,女,27岁。2天前外阴部忽然肿胀疼痛,近日红肿加重,疼痛加剧,痛不可忍,发热心烦,便秘尿黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。治法为",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "清热解毒,利湿消疮",
436
+ "B": "清热解毒,化瘀敛疮",
437
+ "C": "清热养阴敛疮",
438
+ "D": "温经活血化瘀",
439
+ "E": "清热利湿敛疮"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "A",
442
+ "reason": "阴疮,热毒型的治法是清热解毒,利湿消疮;寒湿证治法为温经散赛,除湿消疮。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "患者,男,50岁。喉中痰鸣如吼,胸高胁胀,痰黄黏稠,咳吐不利,烦闷不安,面赤汗出,舌红苔黄,脉弦滑。治疗应首选",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "定喘汤",
449
+ "B": "射干麻黄汤",
450
+ "C": "三子养亲汤",
451
+ "D": "苏子降气汤",
452
+ "E": "葶苈大枣泻肺汤"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "A",
455
+ "reason": "哮病之热哮证方药:定喘汤或越婢加半夏汤加减。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "赵某,女,27岁。2天前外阴部忽然肿胀疼痛,近日红肿加重,疼痛加剧,痛不可忍,发热心烦,便秘尿黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。若患者外阴红肿疼痛,灼热结块,酿脓未破,则应选用",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
462
+ "B": "仙方活命饮",
463
+ "C": "逍遥散",
464
+ "D": "托里消毒散",
465
+ "E": "小金丹"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "B",
468
+ "reason": "若热毒雍盛者,症见发热不退,渴喜冷饮,溃脓臭秽,外阴红肿疼痛,灼热结块,酿脓未破者治宜清热解毒,化瘀除湿,方用仙方活命饮。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "患者,女,50岁。心烦不寐,心悸不安,头晕,耳鸣健忘,腰酸梦遗,五心烦热,口干津少,舌红,脉细数。其证候诊断是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "心肾不交证",
475
+ "B": "心脾两虚证",
476
+ "C": "心胆气虚证",
477
+ "D": "肝火扰心证",
478
+ "E": "瘀血阻滞证"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "A",
481
+ "reason": "题中患者以心烦不寐为主要症状,诊断为不寐。肾阴亏虚,故见耳鸣健忘,腰酸梦遗,五心烦热,口干津少,舌红,脉细数;肾水不能上济于心,致心肾不交而致不寐,心悸不安,头晕。故辨证为心肾不交证。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "患者,女,29岁,妊娠期间,小便频数,淋沥涩痛,量少深黄,腰膝酸软,五心烦热,午后潮热,心烦不寐,大便干结;舌红,苔少,脉细滑数。常见的病机不包括",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "阴虚火旺",
488
+ "B": "心火偏亢",
489
+ "C": "肾阳衰微",
490
+ "D": "膀胱气化失司",
491
+ "E": "湿热下注膀胱"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "C",
494
+ "reason": "根据患者的临床表现可诊断为妊娠小便淋痛。常见病因病机为热灼膀胱,气化失司,水道不利,其热有虚实之分,虚者阴虚内热;实者心火亢盛,湿热下注。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "患者,女,50岁。心烦不寐,心悸不安,头晕,耳鸣健忘,腰酸梦遗,五心烦热,口干津少,舌红,脉细数。其治法是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "清心宁神,养阴除烦",
501
+ "B": "养阴生津,除烦宁神",
502
+ "C": "清火除烦,宁心安神",
503
+ "D": "滋阴降火,交通心肾",
504
+ "E": "滋阴宁心,镇惊安神"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "D",
507
+ "reason": "肾水亏虚,不能上济于心,心火炽盛,不能下交于肾,宜采用滋阴降火,交通心肾的治疗方法。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "患者,女,29岁,妊娠期间,小便频数,淋沥涩痛,量少深黄,腰膝酸软,五心烦热,午后潮热,心烦不寐,大便干结;舌红,苔少,脉细滑数。治法为",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "滋阴清热,润燥通淋",
514
+ "B": "清心泻火通淋",
515
+ "C": "清热利湿通淋",
516
+ "D": "清胃泻火,养阴生津",
517
+ "E": "滋补肝肾,养阴清热"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "A",
520
+ "reason": "该患者为妊娠小便淋痛之阴虚津亏证。妊娠期间,小便频数,淋沥涩痛,量少色淡黄,午后潮热,手足心热,大便干结,瓶赤唇红;舌红少苔,脉细滑而数。治法:滋阴清热,润燥通淋。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "患者,女,50岁。心烦不寐,心悸不安,头晕,耳鸣健忘,腰酸梦遗,五心烦热,口干津少,舌红,脉细数。其治疗首选方剂是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "归脾汤",
527
+ "B": "酸枣仁汤",
528
+ "C": "六味地黄丸合交泰丸",
529
+ "D": "安神定志丸",
530
+ "E": "黄连温胆汤"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "C",
533
+ "reason": "心肾不交之不寐方药:六味地黄丸合交泰丸加减。前方以滋阴补肾为主,用于头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,潮热盗汗等肾阴不足证;后方清心降火,引火归原,用于心烦不寐,梦遗失精等心火偏亢证。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "患者,女,29岁,妊娠期间,小便频数,淋沥涩痛,量少深黄,腰膝酸软,五心烦热,午后潮热,心烦不寐,大便干结;舌红,苔少,脉细滑数。治疗首选",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "导赤散",
540
+ "B": "五淋散",
541
+ "C": "知柏地黄丸",
542
+ "D": "六味地黄丸",
543
+ "E": "金匮肾气丸"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "知柏地黄丸去牡丹皮,加麦冬、五味子、车前子为治疗阴虚津亏证的首选方。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "患者,男,25岁。自觉情绪不宁,急躁易怒,胸胁胀满近2个月,伴口苦而干,头痛,目赤,耳鸣,嘈杂吞酸,大便秘结,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦数。其辨证是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "肝气郁结证",
553
+ "B": "痰气郁结证",
554
+ "C": "心神失养证",
555
+ "D": "心脾两虚证",
556
+ "E": "气郁化火证"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "E",
559
+ "reason": "题中患者以情绪不宁,急躁易怒,胸胁胀满为主要症状,诊断为郁证。胸胁胀满为肝气郁结,疏泄不利所致;情绪不宁,急躁易怒,为肝郁日久化火所致;火伤津液,肝火横逆犯胃,故口苦而干;肝火上炎,扰乱清窍,故见头痛:日亦、耳吗;火热结子肠道,故大便秘结;古质红,苔黄,脉弦数为气郁化火之象,故辨证为气郁化火证。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "患者,女,24岁,产后高热寒战,小腹疼痛拒按,恶露量多;色紫暗如败酱,气臭秽,烦躁,口渴引饮,尿少色黄,大便燥结;舌红,苔黄而干,脉数有力。其诊断为",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "产褥感染",
566
+ "B": "产后出血",
567
+ "C": "产后高热",
568
+ "D": "产褥中暑",
569
+ "E": "产后恶露异常"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": "产褥感染的临床表现为发热(一般出现在产后3~7天)、腹痛(多从下腹部开始逐浙池及今时,可方压癌时必水及反路痛)、恶露异常(恶露明显增多,混浊,或呈脓性有臭味)、下肢血栓静脉炎等。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "患者,男,25岁。自觉情绪不宁,急躁易怒,胸胁胀满近2个月,伴口苦而干,头痛,目赤,耳鸣,嘈杂吞酸,大便秘结,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦数。其治法是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "疏肝解郁,理气畅中",
579
+ "B": "行气开郁,化痰散结",
580
+ "C": "疏肝解郁,清肝泻火",
581
+ "D": "健脾养心,补益气血",
582
+ "E": "阴精亏虚,阴不涵阳"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "C",
585
+ "reason": "肝郁化火,横逆犯胃宜采用疏肝解郁,清肝泻火的治疗方法。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "患者,女,24岁,产后高热寒战,小腹疼痛拒按,恶露量多;色紫暗如败酱,气臭秽,烦躁,口渴引饮,尿少色黄,大便燥结;舌红,苔黄而干,脉数有力。治法为",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "清心开窍",
592
+ "B": "清热解毒,凉血化瘀",
593
+ "C": "清营解毒,散瘀泄热",
594
+ "D": "养阴清热,安冲止血",
595
+ "E": "活血化瘀,调冲止血"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "B",
598
+ "reason": "根据患者的临床表现可诊断为产褥感染之感染邪毒证。证候:产后高热寒战,小腹疼痛拒按,恶露量多或少,色紫暗如败酱,气臭秽,烦躁,口渴引饮,尿少色黄,大便燥结;舌红,苔黄而干,脉数有力。治法:清热解毒,凉血化瘀。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "患者,男,25岁。自觉情绪不宁,急躁易怒,胸胁胀满近2个月,伴口苦而干,头痛,目赤,耳鸣,嘈杂吞酸,大便秘结,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦数。治疗本病首选的方剂是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "柴胡疏肝散",
605
+ "B": "丹栀逍遥散",
606
+ "C": "五磨饮子",
607
+ "D": "半夏厚朴汤",
608
+ "E": "甘麦大枣汤"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "B",
611
+ "reason": "肝郁化火之郁证的首选治疗方药:丹栀逍遥散加减"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "患者,女,24岁,产后高热寒战,小腹疼痛拒按,恶露量多;色紫暗如败酱,气臭秽,烦躁,口渴引饮,尿少色黄,大便燥结;舌红,苔黄而干,脉数有力。治疗首选",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "清营汤",
618
+ "B": "保阴煎",
619
+ "C": "补中益气汤",
620
+ "D": "五味消毒饮合失笑散",
621
+ "E": "清营汤送服安宫牛黄丸"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "D",
624
+ "reason": "五味消毒饮合失笑散加牡丹皮、赤芍、鱼腥草、益母草为治疗感染邪毒证的首选方;清营汤加紫花地丁、蒲公英、栀子、牡丹皮为治疗热人营血证的首选方;清营汤送服安宫牛黄丸或紫雪丹,为治疗热陷心包证的首选方。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "患者,女,35岁。一年来,大便时溏时泻,迁延反复,稍进油腻食物,则腹泻,面色萎黄,纳差,食后脘闷不舒,神疲倦怠,舌质淡,苔白,脉细弱。其诊断为",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "脾胃虚弱之泄泻",
631
+ "B": "肝气乘脾之泄泻",
632
+ "C": "肾阳虚衰之泄泻",
633
+ "D": "脾气虚弱之痢疾",
634
+ "E": "寒热错杂之痢疾"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "A",
637
+ "reason": "题中患者以大便时溏时泻迁延反复,稍进油腻食物,则腹泻为主要症状,故诊断为泄泻。大便时溏时泻为脾胃虚弱,运化无权,水谷不化,清浊不分所致;脾气虚弱,运化失常,故纳差,食后脘闷不舒,稍进油腻食物,则腹泻;久泻不止,脾胃虚弱,气血生化不足,故面色萎黄,神疲倦怠;舌质淡,苔白,脉细弱均为脾胃虚弱之象,故辨证为脾胃虚弱证。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "患者,女,30岁,产后小便不通,小腹胀急疼痛,坐卧不安,伴腰膝酸软,头晕耳鸣,面色晦暗,舌淡,苔润,脉沉细无力。常见的病因病机不包括",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "气滞",
644
+ "B": "血瘀",
645
+ "C": "气虚",
646
+ "D": "肾阳亏虚",
647
+ "E": "肺脾气虚"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "A",
650
+ "reason": "产后膀胱充盈而不能自行排尿或排尿困难者称为产后小便不同。常见的病因病机有气虚、肾虚和血瘀,"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "患者,女,35岁。一年来,大便时溏时泻,迁延反复,稍进油腻食物,则腹泻,面色萎黄,纳差,食后脘闷不舒,神疲倦怠,舌质淡,苔白,脉细弱。此病证的治法是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "温肾健脾,固涩止泻",
657
+ "B": "健脾益气,化湿止泻",
658
+ "C": "温中健脾",
659
+ "D": "消食导滞,和中止泻",
660
+ "E": "升提中气"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "B",
663
+ "reason": "脾虚失运,清浊不分宜采用健脾益气,化湿止泻的治疗方法。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "患者,女,30岁,产后小便不通,小腹胀急疼痛,坐卧不安,伴腰膝酸软,头晕耳鸣,面色晦暗,舌淡,苔润,脉沉细无力。治法为(",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "益气生津,宣肺利水",
670
+ "B": "补肾温阳,化气利水",
671
+ "C": "理气行滞,行水利尿",
672
+ "D": "益气养血,化气利水",
673
+ "E": "养血活血,祛瘀利尿"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": "根据患者的症状可诊断为产后小便不通之肾虚证。证候:产后小便不通,小腹胀急疼痛或小便色白而清,点滴而下,面色晦暗,腰膝酸软;舌质淡,苔白,脉沉细无力。治法:补肾温阳,化气利水。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "患者,女,35岁。一年来,大便时溏时泻,迁延反复,稍进油腻食物,则腹泻,面色萎黄,纳差,��后脘闷不舒,神疲倦怠,舌质淡,苔白,脉细弱。其治疗首选的方药为",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "少腹逐瘀汤",
683
+ "B": "补中益气汤",
684
+ "C": "痛泻要方",
685
+ "D": "参苓白术散",
686
+ "E": "四神丸"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "D",
689
+ "reason": "脾胃虚弱之泄泻的治疗首选方药:参苓白术散加减。本方功能健脾益气,渗湿止泻,适用于脾胃气虚夹湿之泄泻。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "患者,女,30岁,产后小便不通,小腹胀急疼痛,坐卧不安,伴腰膝酸软,头晕耳鸣,面色晦暗,舌淡,苔润,脉沉细无力。治疗首选的方药为(",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "八珍汤",
696
+ "B": "加味四物汤",
697
+ "C": "补气通脬饮",
698
+ "D": "济生肾气丸",
699
+ "E": "木通散"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "D",
702
+ "reason": "济生肾气丸为治疗产后小便不痛之肾虚的首选方;加味四物汤为治疗血瘀证的首选方;补气通脬饮为治疗肺脾气虚证的首选方;木通散为治疗气滞证的首选方。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "患者,男,30岁,腰痛3天。因卧地而寐,腰部冷痛重着,俯仰受限,舌淡红,脉弦。若疼痛在腰脊中部,主要与哪条经脉相关",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
709
+ "B": "足少阴肾经",
710
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
711
+ "D": "带脉",
712
+ "E": "督脉"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "E",
715
+ "reason": "根据疼痛的部位进行经络辨证:疼痛在腰脊中部者为督脉病证,疼痛在腰脊两侧者为足太阳经证。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "患者,女,27岁,妊娠3个月,精神不振。今日突感腰酸难忍,小腹坠痛,舌质淡白,脉弱。中医病机为",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "湿热下注",
722
+ "B": "肾气亏虚",
723
+ "C": "中气下陷",
724
+ "D": "瘀血阻滞冲任胞宫",
725
+ "E": "冲任损伤、胎元不固"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "E",
728
+ "reason": "胎漏、胎动不安的主要病机是冲任损伤、胎元不固。妊娠是胚胎寄生于母体子宫内生长发育和成熟的过程,母体和胎儿须互相适应,否则易发生流产。胎元包括胎气、胎儿、胎盘三个方面,任何一方有问题,均可发生胎漏、胎动不安。常见病因有肾虚、血热、气血虚弱、血瘀。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "患者,男,30岁,腰痛3天。因卧地而寐,腰部冷痛重着,俯仰受限,舌淡红,脉弦。针灸治疗的主穴是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "阿是穴、肾俞、太溪",
735
+ "B": "委中、昆仑、太溪",
736
+ "C": "阿是穴、大肠俞、委中",
737
+ "D": "阿是穴、背俞穴、太溪",
738
+ "E": "命门、昆仑、委中"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "C",
741
+ "reason": "针灸治疗腰痛的主穴为大肠俞、阿是穴、委中。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "患者,女,27岁,妊娠3个月,精神不振。今日突感腰酸难忍,小腹坠痛,舌质淡白,脉弱。治疗法为",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "补肾健脾,益气安胎",
748
+ "B": "养阴清热,安冲止血",
749
+ "C": "活血化瘀,调冲止血",
750
+ "D": "清热解毒,凉血化瘀",
751
+ "E": "清营解毒,散瘀泄热"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "A",
754
+ "reason": "结合患者的症状可辨证为肾虚证。证候:妊娠期阴道少量下血,色淡暗,腰酸、腹痛、下坠,或曾屡孕屡堕,头晕耳鸣夜尿多,眼眶暗黑或有面部暗斑;舌淡,苔白,脉沉细滑尺脉弱。治法:补肾健脾,益气安胎。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "患者,男,30岁,腰痛3天。因卧地而寐,腰部冷痛重着,俯仰受限,舌淡红,脉弦。治疗除主穴外,应选取",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "膈俞",
761
+ "B": "腰阳关",
762
+ "C": "足三里",
763
+ "D": "志室",
764
+ "E": "悬钟"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "B",
767
+ "reason": "根据题于症状诊断为寒湿腰痛,针灸治疗宜配命门、腰阳关。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "患者,女,27岁,妊娠3个月,精神不振。今日突感腰酸难忍,小腹坠痛,舌质淡白,脉弱。治疗首选",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "保阴煎",
774
+ "B": "寿胎丸",
775
+ "C": "生化汤合失笑散",
776
+ "D": "五味消毒饮合失笑散",
777
+ "E": "清营汤送服安官牛黄丸"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "胎漏、胎动不安肾虚证的方药为寿胎丸加减。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "患者,女,68岁。患者有慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史10年,长期进行家庭氧疗,近2日反复出现呼吸困难、心前区憋闷感、双下肢凹陷性水肿。为确诊,下列指标中最有意义的是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "肾功能检查",
787
+ "B": "多导联心电图",
788
+ "C": "血浆BNP检测",
789
+ "D": "胸片",
790
+ "E": "超声心动图"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "E",
793
+ "reason": "结合患者病史和症���体征考虑为慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期;心前区憋闷感、双下肢凹陷性水肿,可能为右心衰竭所致:超声心动图是诊断心衰最有价值的检查方法。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "患者,女,33岁,月经周期不规律,经量少,色淡,腰骶酸痛,头晕,舌淡苔白,脉沉弱。针灸治疗应选取哪组经脉为主",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "任脉、足少阴经",
800
+ "B": "任脉、足厥阴经",
801
+ "C": "任脉、足太阴经",
802
+ "D": "带脉、冲脉、任脉",
803
+ "E": "任脉、督脉、冲脉"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "C",
806
+ "reason": "根据患者的临床表现可诊断为月经先后无定期,治法为调补肝肾,理血调经。以任脉、足太阴经穴为主,"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "男,生后21天,证见面目发黄,色深晦暗腹部胀满,右胁下可及痞块,质硬,神疲纳呆,小便黄,不易洗去,大便灰白,唇色暗红,舌见瘀点,苔黄。患儿的正确诊断是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "湿热郁蒸",
813
+ "B": "寒湿阻滞",
814
+ "C": "邪毒内蕴",
815
+ "D": "气滞血瘀",
816
+ "E": "胎黄动风证"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "D",
819
+ "reason": "患儿生后21天,证见面目发黄,色深晦暗,腹部胀满,右胁下可及痞块,质硬,神疲纳呆,小便黄,不易洗去,大便灰白,唇色暗红,舌见瘀点,苔黄。可辩证为气滞血瘀证。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "患者,女,68岁。患者有慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史10年,长期进行家庭氧疗,近2日反复出现呼吸困难、心前区憋闷感、双下肢凹陷性水肿。若经检查已确诊,则下列治疗不宜使用的是",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "补充血容量",
826
+ "B": "控制感染",
827
+ "C": "应用硝酸酯类药物",
828
+ "D": "应用糖皮质激素",
829
+ "E": "持续低浓度给氧"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "A",
832
+ "reason": "治疗右心衰竭应减少血容量,减轻心脏负担,不能补充血容量。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "患者,女,33岁,月经周期不规律,经量少,色淡,腰骶酸痛,头晕,舌淡苔白,脉沉弱。治疗的主穴是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "中极、三阴交、肝俞",
839
+ "B": "气海、三阴交、归来",
840
+ "C": "关元、三阴交、肝俞",
841
+ "D": "中极、阴陵泉、血海",
842
+ "E": "关元、三阴交、血海"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "C",
845
+ "reason": "针灸治疗月经先后无定期的主穴为关元、三阴交、肝俞。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "男,生后21天,证见面目发黄,色深晦暗腹部胀满,右胁下可及痞块,质硬,神疲纳呆,小便黄,不易洗去,大便灰白,唇色暗红,舌见瘀点,苔黄。其治法为",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "平肝息风,利湿退黄",
852
+ "B": "大补元气,温阳固脱",
853
+ "C": "清热利湿退黄",
854
+ "D": "行气化瘀消积",
855
+ "E": "温中化湿退黄"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "D",
858
+ "reason": "苔黄常证:气滞血瘀证的治法:行气化瘀消积。湿热郁蒸证治法清热利湿退黄;寒湿阻滞证治法温中化湿退黄;苔黄变证:胎黄动风证治法平肝息风,利湿退黄。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "患者,女,68岁。患者有慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史10年,长期进行家庭氧疗,近2日反复出现呼吸困难、心前区憋闷感、双下肢凹陷性水肿。该患者一般不可能出现的并发症是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "肺性脑病",
865
+ "B": "电解质紊乱",
866
+ "C": "败血症",
867
+ "D": "室上性心动过速",
868
+ "E": "上消化道出血"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "C",
871
+ "reason": "慢性肺源性心脏病的并发症有肺性脑病、酸碱平衡失调和电解质紊乱、心律失常(室上性心律失常多见)休克、消化道出血、功能性肾衰竭、DIC等。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "患者,女,33岁,月经周期不规律,经量少,色淡,腰骶酸痛,头晕,舌淡苔白,脉沉弱。除主穴外,宜加用",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "太溪、足三里",
878
+ "B": "大都、次髎",
879
+ "C": "肾俞、次髎",
880
+ "D": "肾俞、太溪",
881
+ "E": "血海、足三里"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "根据题干症状诊断为肾虚证。月经先后无定期的配穴:肝郁配期门、太冲:肾虚配肾俞、太溪。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "男,生后21天,证见面目发黄,色深晦暗腹部胀满,右胁下可及痞块,质硬,神疲纳呆,小便黄,不易洗去,大便灰白,唇色暗红,舌见瘀点,苔黄。首选方剂是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "B": "少府逐瘀汤",
891
+ "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
892
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
893
+ "D": "膈下逐瘀汤",
894
+ "E": "复元活血汤"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "A",
897
+ "reason": "苔黄气潜血瘀证的治法:行气化瘀消积,方药选用血��逐瘀汤。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "患者,男,33岁。程序员,长期饮食不规律,时有腹部隐痛不适,常在进食后1~2小时内出现,至下一餐前自行消失,自服泮托拉唑肠溶片症状改善不明显。该患者的诊断最可能是",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "胃溃疡",
904
+ "B": "胃癌",
905
+ "C": "球后溃疡",
906
+ "D": "慢性胃炎",
907
+ "E": "十二指肠溃疡"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "A",
910
+ "reason": "胃溃疡疼痛不甚规律,常在餐后1小时内出现,至下次餐前自行消失。患者症状符合胃溃疡的症状特点。十二指肠溃疡的疼痛常在饥饿时出现,进食后可缓解;慢性胃炎患者有上腹痛和饱胀不适感,多于进餐后加重。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "患者,女,28岁。经期小腹胀痛拒按,经血量少,色紫暗有块,块下痛缓,伴乳房胀痛,舌紫暗,脉弦。治疗首选",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "任脉、足少阴经穴",
917
+ "B": "任脉、足厥阴经穴",
918
+ "C": "任脉、足太阴经穴",
919
+ "D": "冲脉、足厥阴经穴",
920
+ "E": "督脉、足厥阴经穴"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "C",
923
+ "reason": "根据患者的临床表现可诊断为痛经实证,治法为行气活血,调经止痛。取任脉、足太阴经穴为主。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "患儿,3岁。盗汗3个月,也常伴自汗,身体消瘦,神萎不振,心烦少寐,手足心热,哭声无力。口唇淡红。舌质淡,苔少,有剥脱,脉细弱。此患儿的诊断应为",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "汗证,表虚不固证",
930
+ "B": "汗证,阴虚内热证",
931
+ "C": "汗证,气血两虚证",
932
+ "D": "汗证,营卫不和证",
933
+ "E": "汗证,气阴亏虚证"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "E",
936
+ "reason": "汗证气阴亏虚证证候:以盗汗为主,也常伴自汗,形体消瘦,汗出较多,神袭不振,心烦少寐,寐后汗多,或伴低热、口干、手足心灼热,哭声无力,口唇淡红,舌质淡,苔少或见剥苔,脉细弱或细数。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "患者,男,33岁。程序员,长期饮食不规律,时有腹部隐痛不适,常在进食后1~2小时内出现,至下一餐前自行消失,自服泮托拉唑肠溶片症状改善不明显。若经检查,该患者确诊为该诊断,则其药物治疗应主要为",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "根除Hp",
943
+ "B": "抑制胃酸分泌",
944
+ "C": "保护胃黏膜",
945
+ "D": "增强胃肠动力",
946
+ "E": "促进消化"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "C",
949
+ "reason": "消化性溃疡药物治疗时,十二指肠溃疡侧重于根除Hp和抑制胃酸分泌;胃溃疡侧重于保护胃黏膜"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "患者,女,28岁。经期小腹胀痛拒按,经血量少,色紫暗有块,块下痛缓,伴乳房胀痛,舌紫暗,脉弦。针灸治疗的主穴是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "中脘、悬钟、足三里、三阴交",
956
+ "B": "中极、次髎、地机、三阴交",
957
+ "C": "关元、足三里、阴陵泉",
958
+ "D": "关元、足三里、三阴交",
959
+ "E": "关元、气海、三阴交"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "B",
962
+ "reason": "针灸治疗痛经实证的主穴为中极、次髎、地机、三阴交、十七椎。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "患儿,3岁。盗汗3个月,也常伴自汗,身体消瘦,神萎不振,心烦少寐,手足心热,哭声无力。口唇淡红。舌质淡,苔少,有剥脱,脉细弱。其治法应首选",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "益气养阴",
969
+ "B": "益气固表",
970
+ "C": "清热泻脾",
971
+ "D": "调和营卫",
972
+ "E": "健脾化湿"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "A",
975
+ "reason": "汗证气阴亏虚证治法:益气养阴。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "患者,男,33岁。程序员,长期饮食不规律,时有腹部隐痛不适,常在进食后1~2小时内出现,至下一餐前自行消失,自服泮托拉唑肠溶片症状改善不明显。若患者未注意饮食和规律服药,于一次聚餐后半小时突然出现腹部疼痛剧烈,查体时腹肌紧张,触痛明显,则其诊断应主要考虑为",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "溃疡穿孔",
982
+ "B": "急性阑尾炎",
983
+ "C": "急性胰腺炎",
984
+ "D": "上消化道出血",
985
+ "E": "幽门梗阻"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "A",
988
+ "reason": "患者有胃溃疡病史,未规律服药治疗和控制饮食,突然出现典型腹膜炎的症状,其消化性溃疡穿孔的可能性最大。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "患者,女,28岁。经期小腹胀痛拒按,经血量少,色紫暗有块,块下痛缓,伴乳房胀痛,舌紫暗,脉弦。除主穴外,还应选取",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "关元、归来",
995
+ "B": "三阴交、肝俞",
996
+ "C": "太冲、血海",
997
+ "D": "膻中、太冲",
998
+ "E": "气海、脾俞"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "C",
1001
+ "reason": "根据患者的症状可辨证为气滞血瘀。痛经实证的配穴:气滞血瘀配太冲、血海;寒凝血瘀配关元、归来。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "患儿,3岁。盗汗3个月,也常伴自汗,身体消瘦,神萎不振,心烦少寐,手足心热,哭声无力。口唇淡红。舌质淡,苔少,有剥脱,脉细弱。此患儿治疗的首选方剂为",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "玉屏风散",
1008
+ "B": "当归六黄汤",
1009
+ "D": "牡蛎散",
1010
+ "C": "四君子汤",
1011
+ "E": "黄芪桂枝五物汤"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "B",
1014
+ "reason": "汗证气阴亏虚证代表方剂:当归六黄汤。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "患者,女,55岁。患有慢性肾小球肾炎,定期复查肾功和肾脏彩超,无糖尿病、乙肝、红斑狼疮病史,去年查Scr240μmol/L,GFR22.25ml/(min·1.73m²),现查Scr263μmol/L,GFR17.32ml/(min·1.73m²)。该患者应考虑的诊断为",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "慢性肾脏病5期",
1021
+ "B": "慢性肾脏病4期",
1022
+ "C": "慢性肾衰竭伴急性加重",
1023
+ "D": "慢性肾脏病3期",
1024
+ "E": "慢性肾脏病2期"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "B",
1027
+ "reason": "患者既往有慢性肾小球肾hFA十-儿0性肾损伤的指征,考虑诊断为慢性肾脏病,其GFR为17.32ml/(min·1.73m),属于慢性肾脏病4期。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "患者,男,62岁。突然昏仆,不省人事,兼见半身不遂,口角歪斜,牙关紧闭,口噤不开,两手握固,肢体强痉,大小便闭。其诊断是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "中经络,风痰阻络证",
1034
+ "B": "中经络,肝阳暴亢证",
1035
+ "C": "中经络,阴虚风动证",
1036
+ "D": "中脏腑,闭证",
1037
+ "E": "中脏腑,脱证"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "D",
1040
+ "reason": "中风中脏腑主症:突然昏仆不省人事,或神志恍惚、嗜睡,兼见半身不遂,口角歪斜。若见神昏,牙关紧闭,口不开,两手握固,肢体强痉,大小便闭者为闭证。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "患儿,10岁。皮肤突然出现瘀点,瘀斑,大小不等,斑色鲜红,伴鼻衄,便血,血色鲜红,并见发热。口渴心烦,腹痛呕吐,舌质红,脉细数有力。该患儿的辩证为",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "阴虚火旺证",
1047
+ "B": "风热伤络证",
1048
+ "C": "阴虚发热证",
1049
+ "D": "气不摄血证",
1050
+ "E": "血热妄行证"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "E",
1053
+ "reason": "紫癜血热妄行证证候:起病较急,皮肤出现点瘀斑,色泽鲜红,或伴鼻衄齿衄、便血、尿血,血色鲜红或紫红,同时见心烦、口渴、便秘,或伴腹痛,或有发热,舌红,苔黄燥脉数有力。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "患者,女,55岁。患有慢性肾小球肾炎,定期复查肾功和肾脏彩超,无糖尿病、乙肝、红斑狼疮病史,去年查Scr240μmol/L,GFR22.25ml/(min·1.73m²),现查Scr263μmol/L,GFR17.32ml/(min·1.73m²)。下列治疗措施不适合该患者的是",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "积极控制高血压",
1060
+ "B": "严格控制血糖",
1061
+ "C": "控制蛋白尿",
1062
+ "D": "控制酸碱平衡",
1063
+ "E": "透析治疗"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "E",
1066
+ "reason": "患者无急性进展指征,病情较平稳,血肌酐不高,不宜采用透析疗法。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "患者,男,62岁。突然昏仆,不省人事,兼见半身不遂,口角歪斜,牙关紧闭,口噤不开,两手握固,肢体强痉,大小便闭。针灸治疗应取用哪组经脉为主",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "手厥阴经、督脉",
1073
+ "B": "手厥阴经、任脉",
1074
+ "C": "足厥阴经、督脉",
1075
+ "D": "足厥阴经、任脉",
1076
+ "E": "手、足厥阴经"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "A",
1079
+ "reason": "中风中脏腑闭证的治法为平肝息风,醒脑开窍。取督脉、手厥阴和十二井穴为主。"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "患儿,10岁。皮肤突然出现瘀点,瘀斑,大小不等,斑色鲜红,伴鼻衄,便血,血色鲜红,并见发热。口渴心烦,腹痛呕吐,舌质红,脉细数有力。此时应采取的治疗原则为(",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "疏风清热解毒",
1086
+ "B": "养阴清热凉血",
1087
+ "C": "清热凉血止血",
1088
+ "D": "健脾益气摄血",
1089
+ "E": "活血化瘀止血"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "C",
1092
+ "reason": "紫癜血热妄行证治法:清热解毒,凉血止血。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "患者,女,55岁。患有慢性肾小球肾炎,定期复查肾功和肾脏彩超,无糖尿病、乙肝、红斑狼疮病史,去年查Scr240μmol/L,GFR22.25ml/(min·1.73m²),现查Scr263μmol/L,GFR17.32ml/(min·1.73m²)。若该患者血常规检查示贫血,治疗首选的药物是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "琥珀酸亚铁",
1099
+ "B": "叶酸及维生素B₁₂",
1100
+ "C": "泼尼松",
1101
+ "D": "雄激素",
1102
+ "E": "促红细胞生成素(EPO)"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "E",
1105
+ "reason": "肾性贫血首选促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "患者,男,62岁。突然昏仆,不省人事,兼见半身不遂,口角歪斜,牙关紧闭,口噤不开,两手握固,肢体强痉,大小便闭。治疗应首选的主穴是",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "水沟、十二井穴、太冲、丰隆、劳宫",
1112
+ "B": "百会、风池、神门、三阴交、足三里",
1113
+ "C": "关元、三阴交、神门",
1114
+ "D": "关元、神阙、委中",
1115
+ "E": "水沟、内关、三阴交、极泉、尺泽、委中"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "A",
1118
+ "reason": "中风中脏腑闭证的主穴为水沟、十二井穴、太冲、丰隆、劳宫。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "患儿,10岁。皮肤突然出现瘀点,瘀斑,大小不等,斑色鲜红,伴鼻衄,便血,血色鲜红,并见发热。口渴心烦,腹痛呕吐,舌质红,脉细数有力。治疗首选方剂为(",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "清营汤",
1125
+ "B": "白虎汤",
1126
+ "C": "银翘散",
1127
+ "D": "玉女煎",
1128
+ "E": "犀角地黄汤"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "E",
1131
+ "reason": "紫癜血热妄行证代表方剂犀角地黄汤。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "女,50岁。活动后胸闷1年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难4天。查体:BP130/80mmHg,P₂亢进,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。该患者最可能的诊断是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "二尖瓣关闭不全",
1138
+ "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全",
1139
+ "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
1140
+ "D": "室间隔缺损",
1141
+ "E": "二尖瓣狭窄"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "E",
1144
+ "reason": "二尖瓣狭窄的特征性表现为心尖部闻及舒张中晚期低调的隆隆样杂音,故本例应诊断为二尖瓣狭窄。二尖瓣关闭不全的特征性表现为二尖瓣收缩期粗糙的吹风样杂音主动脉瓣关闭不全的特征性表现为主动脉瓣区舒张期叹气样杂音。主动脉瓣狭窄的特征性表现为胸骨右缘1~2肋间粗糙而响亮的3级以上收缩期杂音。室间隔缺损表现为胸骨左缘第3~4肋间3级以上粗糙的全收缩期杂音。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "患者,男,55岁,两眼昏花缭乱,视物不明,旋摇不止,昏昏欲倒,头重如裹,舌淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。针灸治疗应取用哪组经脉为主",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "手厥阴经、督脉",
1151
+ "B": "手厥阴经、任脉",
1152
+ "C": "足厥阴经、督脉",
1153
+ "D": "足厥阴经、任脉",
1154
+ "E": "手、足厥阴经"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "C",
1157
+ "reason": "根据患者的临床表现可诊断为眩晕实证,治法为平肝潜阳,化痰定眩。取足少阳、足厥阴经穴及督脉穴为主。"
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "男孩,3岁。骤发高热,持续3~4天,烦躁,饮食减少,偶有抽风,咽红,舌质偏红,苔薄黄,指纹浮紫。该患儿应辩证为",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "邪郁肌表证",
1164
+ "B": "毒透肌肤证",
1165
+ "C": "邪入肺胃证",
1166
+ "D": "阴津耗伤证",
1167
+ "E": "虚火上浮证"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "A",
1170
+ "reason": "奶麻邪郁肌表证,证候:骤发高热,持续3~4天,神情正常或稍有烦躁,饮食减少,偶有囟填,或见抽风,咽红,舌质偏红,苔薄黄,指纹浮紫。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "女,50岁。活动后胸闷1年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难4天。查体:BP130/80mmHg,P₂亢进,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。该患者最易出现的心律失常是",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "三度房室传导阻滞",
1177
+ "B": "室上性心动过速",
1178
+ "C": "心房扑动",
1179
+ "D": "室性心动过速",
1180
+ "E": "心房颤动"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "E",
1183
+ "reason": "心房颤动为二尖瓣狭窄最常见的心律失常,也是相对早期的并发症。"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "患者,男,55岁,两眼昏花缭乱,视物不明,旋摇不止,昏昏欲倒,头重如裹,舌淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。治疗应首选的主穴是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "风池、百会、太阳、列缺",
1190
+ "B": "风池、头维、太阳、百会",
1191
+ "C": "风池、百会、内关、太冲",
1192
+ "D": "风池、百会、肝俞、肾俞",
1193
+ "E": "百会、内关、后溪、水沟"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "C",
1196
+ "reason": "针灸治疗眩晕实证的主穴为百会、风池、太冲、内关,"
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "男孩,3岁。骤发高热,持续3~4天,烦躁,饮食减少,偶有抽风,咽红,舌质偏红,苔薄黄,指纹浮紫。其治法是",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "辛凉透表,清宣肺卫",
1203
+ "B": "清凉解毒,透疹达邪",
1204
+ "C": "疏风清热,宣透邪毒",
1205
+ "D": "养阴益气,清解余邪",
1206
+ "E": "清��滋肾,安神固脬"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "C",
1209
+ "reason": "奶麻邪郁肌表证治法:疏风清热,宣透邪毒。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "女,50岁。活动后胸闷1年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难4天。查体:BP130/80mmHg,P₂亢进,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。该患者突发心悸,伴胸闷、喘憋。查体:BP70/40mmHg,心率160次/分,心律绝对不齐。首选的治疗措施是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "置入临时起搏器",
1216
+ "B": "静脉注射毛花苷丙",
1217
+ "C": "静脉应用胺碘酮",
1218
+ "D": "非同步直流电复律",
1219
+ "E": "同步直流电复律"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "E",
1222
+ "reason": "患者突发心悸,心律绝对不齐,应诊断为二尖瓣狭窄并房额,因为心律绝对不齐是房额的临床特点。将房颤转复为实性心律的方法包括药物复律、电转复和导管消融治疗。若患者房颤发作时,已有血流动力学障碍(急性心衰、血压下降)应紧急施行电复律,否则行药物复律,若电复律和药物复律均无效,则选择导管消融治疗。本例房颤发作时,血压已降70/40mmHg,故应直接电复律治疗,答案为E非同步直流电复律主要用于治疗室颤。置人临时起搏器主要用于治疗心动过缓、Ⅱ度房室传导阻滞。静注毛花苷丙常用于控制房额的心室率静注胺碘酮为药物复律措施。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "患者,男,55岁,两眼昏花缭乱,视物不明,旋摇不止,昏昏欲倒,头重如裹,舌淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。除主穴外,还应选取",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "关元、脾俞、太溪",
1229
+ "B": "气海、中脘、阳陵泉",
1230
+ "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
1231
+ "D": "头维、中脘、丰隆",
1232
+ "E": "曲池、内庭、丰隆"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "D",
1235
+ "reason": "结合患者的症状辨证为痰湿中阻。眩晕实证的配穴:肝阳上亢配行间、侠溪、太溪;痰湿中阻配头维、中脘、丰隆"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "男孩,3岁。骤发高热,持续3~4天,烦躁,饮食减少,偶有抽风,咽红,舌质偏红,苔薄黄,指纹浮紫。首选的治疗方剂是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "B": "宣毒发表汤",
1242
+ "A": "麻杏石甘汤",
1243
+ "D": "麻黄汤",
1244
+ "C": "银翘散",
1245
+ "E": "沙参麦冬汤"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "C",
1248
+ "reason": "奶麻邪郁肌表证代表方剂:银翘散。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "患者,男,34岁。有脑动脉瘤病史,一小时前突然出现右侧肢体乏力,眩晕不适,伴频繁呕吐,查体提示眼球震颤、共济失调。该患者最可能的诊断是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "颞叶出血",
1255
+ "B": "顶叶出血",
1256
+ "C": "脑桥出血",
1257
+ "D": "小脑出血",
1258
+ "E": "丘脑出血"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "D",
1261
+ "reason": "小脑出血的典型表现为眩晕、呕吐、共济失调和眼球震额。"
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "患者,女,17岁,痫病发作后来诊,发病前有眩晕,胸闷,现痰多,舌红,苔白腻,脉滑。针灸治疗应取用哪组经脉为主",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "手厥阴经穴、督脉",
1268
+ "B": "手厥阴经穴、任脉",
1269
+ "C": "足厥阴经穴、督脉",
1270
+ "D": "足厥阴经穴、任脉",
1271
+ "E": "手足厥阴经穴、任脉"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "E",
1274
+ "reason": "根据患者的临床表现可诊断为痫病间歇期,治法为化痰息风,理气通络。取任脉、督脉及手足厥阴经穴为主。"
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "患儿,5个月。因暴泻2天入院,患儿暴泻不止,便稀如水,澄澈清冷,完谷不化,偶见脱肛,形寒肢冷,而色觥白,精神萎靡,睡时露睛,舌淡苔白,脉细弱,指纹色淡。该患儿辩证",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "伤食泻证",
1281
+ "B": "风寒泻证",
1282
+ "C": "脾虚泻证",
1283
+ "D": "气阴两伤",
1284
+ "E": "脾肾阳虚泻证"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "E",
1287
+ "reason": "泄泻脾肾阳虚泻证证候:久泻不止,大便清稀,澄澈清冷,完谷不化,或见脱肛,形寒肢冷,面色姚白,精神萎靡,睡时露睛,舌淡苔白,脉细弱,指纹色淡。"
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "患者,男,34岁。有脑动脉瘤病史,一小时前突然出现右侧肢体乏力,眩晕不适,伴频繁呕吐,查体提示眼球震颤、共济失调。为明确诊断,该患者急需进行的检查是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "腰椎穿刺",
1294
+ "B": "颅脑MRI",
1295
+ "C": "颅脑CT",
1296
+ "D": "脑血管造影",
1297
+ "E": "脑电图"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "C",
1300
+ "reason": "颅脑CT可显示血肿的部位和形态,是诊断脑出血最方便快捷的检查方法且CT高密度影有助于与缺血性脑疾病的鉴别。"
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "患者,女,17岁,痫病发作后来诊,发病���有眩晕,胸闷,现痰多,舌红,苔白腻,脉滑。治疗应首选的主穴是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "内关、太冲、大椎、劳宫、三阴交",
1307
+ "B": "水沟、百会、太溪、神门、腰奇",
1308
+ "C": "印堂、鸠尾、间使、太冲、丰隆、腰奇",
1309
+ "D": "印堂、鸠尾、后溪、太溪、足三里",
1310
+ "E": "十二井穴、大椎、后溪、丰隆"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "C",
1313
+ "reason": "痫病间歇期的主穴为印堂、鸠尾、间使、太冲、丰隆、腰奇"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "患儿,5个月。因暴泻2天入院,患儿暴泻不止,便稀如水,澄澈清冷,完谷不化,偶见脱肛,形寒肢冷,而色觥白,精神萎靡,睡时露睛,舌淡苔白,脉细弱,指纹色淡。其治法是",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "健脾益气,酸甘敛阴",
1320
+ "B": "健脾益气,助运止泻",
1321
+ "C": "温补脾肾,固涩止泻",
1322
+ "D": "运脾和胃,消食化滞",
1323
+ "E": "疏风散寒,化湿和中"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "C",
1326
+ "reason": "泄泻脾肾阳虚泻证治法:温补脾肾,固涩止泻。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "患者,男,34岁。有脑动脉瘤病史,一小时前突然出现右侧肢体乏力,眩晕不适,伴频繁呕吐,查体提示眼球震颤、共济失调。如检查后患者上述诊断被证实,下列治疗措施中错误的是",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "避免不必要的搬动",
1333
+ "B": "适当抬高床头",
1334
+ "C": "控制血压",
1335
+ "D": "亚低温治疗",
1336
+ "E": "抗凝治疗"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "E",
1339
+ "reason": "脑出血的内科治疗包括一般治疗(保持安静,避免不必要的搬动,保持气道通常等),减轻脑水肿,降低颅内压,控制血压,止血治疗(不常规使用止血药,但急性期也不可用抗凝药物),亚低温治疗和处理并发症。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "患者,女,17岁,痫病发作后来诊,发病前有眩晕,胸闷,现痰多,舌红,苔白腻,脉滑。针灸治疗除主穴外,应加用",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "曲池、神门、内庭",
1346
+ "B": "合谷、阴陵泉、风池",
1347
+ "C": "心俞、脾俞、足三里",
1348
+ "D": "肝俞、肾俞、太溪",
1349
+ "E": "丰隆、膈俞、内关"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "B",
1352
+ "reason": "痫病之风痰闭阻证,应配合谷、风池、阴陵泉。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "患儿,5个月。因暴泻2天入院,患儿暴泻不止,便稀如水,澄澈清冷,完谷不化,偶见脱肛,形寒肢冷,而色觥白,精神萎靡,睡时露睛,舌淡苔白,脉细弱,指纹色淡。其治疗首选的方剂是",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
1359
+ "B": "保和丸",
1360
+ "C": "参苓白术散",
1361
+ "D": "附子理中汤合四神丸",
1362
+ "E": "人参乌梅汤"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "D",
1365
+ "reason": "泄泻脾肾阳虚泻证代表方剂:附子理中汤合四神丸。"
1366
+ }
1367
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/.DS_Store ADDED
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Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1562 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "属五行相乘传变的是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "肝病及心",
7
+ "B": "肝病及肾",
8
+ "C": "肝病及肺",
9
+ "D": "肝病及脾",
10
+ "E": "脾病及心"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "D",
13
+ "reason": ""
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "肺癌患者见声音嘶哑,同侧声带麻痹,是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "纵隔淋巴结转移,压迫喉返神经",
20
+ "B": "肿瘤压迫膈神经",
21
+ "C": "肿瘤压迫臂丛神经",
22
+ "D": "肿瘤压迫上腔静脉",
23
+ "E": "压迫颈交感神经"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "A",
26
+ "reason": ""
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "阳水的病位在",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "肺、脾",
33
+ "B": "肺、肾",
34
+ "C": "脾、肾",
35
+ "D": "肝、脾",
36
+ "E": "肝、肾"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "A",
39
+ "reason": ""
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "肛裂常用的检查方法是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "肛门局部望诊",
46
+ "B": "探针检查",
47
+ "C": "乙状结肠镜检查",
48
+ "D": "指诊检查",
49
+ "E": "肛门镜检查"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "A",
52
+ "reason": ""
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "属五行相侮传变的是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "肝病及心",
59
+ "B": "肝病及肾",
60
+ "C": "肝病及肺",
61
+ "D": "肝病及脾",
62
+ "E": "脾病及心"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "C",
65
+ "reason": "A项属母病及子,BE项属子病及母,C项屈相侮传变,D项相乘传变。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "肺癌患者见头面部和前胸部瘀血、静脉曲张,是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "纵隔淋巴结转移,压迫喉返神经",
72
+ "B": "肿瘤压迫膈神经",
73
+ "C": "肿瘤压迫臂丛神经",
74
+ "D": "肿瘤压迫上腔静脉",
75
+ "E": "压迫颈交感神经"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "肺癌出现纵隔淋巴结转移,压迫喉返神经则出现声音嘶哑,同侧声带麻痹;肺癌肿瘤压迫上腔静脉则出现头面部和前胸部瘀血,静脉曲张。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "阴水的病位在",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "肺、脾",
85
+ "B": "肺、肾",
86
+ "C": "脾、肾",
87
+ "D": "肝、脾",
88
+ "E": "肝、肾"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "阳水属实,多由外感风邪、疮毒、水湿而成,病位在肺、脾。阴水属虚或虚实夹杂,多由饮食劳倦、禀赋不足、久病体虚所致,病位在脾、肾。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "肛瘘常用的检查方法是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "肛门局部望诊",
98
+ "B": "探针检查",
99
+ "C": "乙状结肠镜检查",
100
+ "D": "指诊检查",
101
+ "E": "肛门镜检查"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "B",
104
+ "reason": "肛裂、肛检查法。肛门局部望诊可以看见有无肛裂;探针检查可以探知肛瘘瘘管的方向、度、长度等。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "濡脉与弱脉的主要不同点,在于",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "脉位的浮沉",
111
+ "B": "脉力的大小",
112
+ "C": "脉形的长短",
113
+ "D": "脉率的快慢",
114
+ "E": "脉律的齐否"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "A",
117
+ "reason": ""
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "急性腹膜炎",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "自动体位",
124
+ "B": "被动体位",
125
+ "C": "强迫体位",
126
+ "D": "强迫仰卧位",
127
+ "E": "强迫俯卧位"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "D",
130
+ "reason": ""
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "症见呃声洪亮,冲逆而出,口臭烦渴,喜冷饮,便干溲黄,脉滑数者,证属",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "胃火上炎",
137
+ "B": "胃阴不足",
138
+ "C": "气机郁滞",
139
+ "D": "胃中寒冷",
140
+ "E": "脾胃阳虚"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": ""
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "治疗肛痈之火毒炽盛证,应首选",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "透脓散",
150
+ "B": "仙方活命饮",
151
+ "C": "黄连解毒汤",
152
+ "D": "青蒿鳖甲汤合三妙丸",
153
+ "E": "萆薢渗湿汤"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "A",
156
+ "reason": ""
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "结脉与促脉的主要不同点,在于",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "脉位的浮沉",
163
+ "B": "脉力的大小",
164
+ "C": "脉形的长短",
165
+ "D": "脉率的快慢",
166
+ "E": "脉律的齐否"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "D",
169
+ "reason": "脉特点是浮细无力而软(轻取即得);弱脉特点是沉细无力而软(重按始得);故二者区别在于浮与沉。结脉特点是迟而时一止,止无定数(一息不足四至);促脉特点是数而时一止,止无定数(一息五至以上);故二者区别在于脉率的快与慢,"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "患者自己不能调整或变换肢体的位置,见于极度衰弱或意识丧失的患者",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "自动体位",
176
+ "B": "被动体位",
177
+ "C": "强迫体位",
178
+ "D": "强迫仰卧位",
179
+ "E": "强迫俯卧位"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "B",
182
+ "reason": "急性腹膜炎患者仰卧,双腿屈曲借以减轻腹部肌肉的紧张,采取强迫仰卧位;极度衰弱或意识丧失的患者不能自己调整或变换肢体的位置:采取被动体位。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "症见呃声沉缓有力,膈间及胃脘不舒,得热则减,得寒则甚,食纳少,舌苔白,脉迟缓者,证属",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "胃火上炎",
189
+ "B": "胃阴不足",
190
+ "C": "气机郁滞",
191
+ "D": "胃中寒冷",
192
+ "E": "脾胃阳虚"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "D",
195
+ "reason": "据123题主症、舌脉分析,此为胃火上炎,胃热津伤所致,故123题选A。据124题主症、舌脉分析,此为寒邪阻遏,肺胃之气失降所致,故124题选D。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "治疗肛痈之阴虚毒恋证,应首选",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "透脓散",
202
+ "B": "仙方活命饮",
203
+ "C": "黄连解毒汤",
204
+ "D": "青蒿鳖甲汤合三妙丸",
205
+ "E": "萆薢渗湿汤"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "D",
208
+ "reason": "火毒炽盛多因过食肥甘、辛辣、醇酒等物,湿热内生,下注大肠,经络阻塞,气血凝滞,蕴阻肛门。治法:清热解毒透脓。方用透脓散。阴虚毒恋证中热盛伤阴,故肛周肿痛,皮色暗红,溃后脓出稀薄,伴午后湖热,心烦口干,舌红苔少,脉细数。治法:养阴清热,祛湿解毒。方用青营整甲汤合三妙丸。另肛痈热毒蕴结证治以清热解毒,方用仙方活命饮、黄连解毒汤。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "阴偏衰所形成的病理变化是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "实热",
215
+ "B": "实寒",
216
+ "C": "虚热",
217
+ "D": "虚寒",
218
+ "E": "真寒假热"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": ""
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "诊断甲亢的首选实验室检查",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "FT3、FT4",
228
+ "B": "TT3、TT3",
229
+ "C": "TRAb",
230
+ "D": "rT3",
231
+ "E": "甲状腺摄131I率"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "A",
234
+ "reason": ""
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "患者喧扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒,其诊断是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "癫证",
241
+ "B": "狂证",
242
+ "C": "痫证",
243
+ "D": "痉证",
244
+ "E": "中风"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": ""
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "鼠乳的外治法是",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "拔发法",
254
+ "B": "敷贴法",
255
+ "C": "熏法",
256
+ "D": "洗涤法",
257
+ "E": "挑刺法"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "E",
260
+ "reason": ""
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "阴偏胜所形成的病理变化是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "实热",
267
+ "B": "实寒",
268
+ "C": "虚热",
269
+ "D": "虚寒",
270
+ "E": "真寒假热"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "B",
273
+ "reason": "阴偏衰则阳盛,阳盛则热;实是相对邪气言,虚相对于脏腑言,外感引起的发热,为实热内伤引起的发热为虚热,故阴偏衰引起的病理变化为虚热;阴盛则寒,邪气盛为实寒。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "甲亢内科治疗停药首选实验室检查",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "FT3、FT4",
280
+ "B": "TT3、TT3",
281
+ "C": "TRAb",
282
+ "D": "rT3",
283
+ "E": "甲状腺摄131^I率"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "C",
286
+ "reason": "FT和FT:是实现甲状腺激素生物效应的主要部分,且不受血中甲状腺结合球蛋白浓度和结合力的影响,是诊断甲亢的首选指标。TRAb在甲亢患者中的阳性率为75%~96%,对甲亢的诊断,病情活动和复发等均有重要意义,同时是治疗停药的重要指标。甲状腺摄”1率主要用于监别不同原因的甲状腺毒症。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "患者沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多喜,其诊断是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "癫证",
293
+ "B": "狂证",
294
+ "C": "痫证",
295
+ "D": "痉证",
296
+ "E": "中风"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "瘊属阴,狂属阳。疯病多虚,以沉.-BER扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒为特征,"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "白秃疮的外治法是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "拔发法",
306
+ "B": "敷贴法",
307
+ "C": "熏法",
308
+ "D": "洗涤法",
309
+ "E": "挑刺法"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "A",
312
+ "reason": "鼠乳治疗可用消毒针头挑破患处,挤尽白色乳酪样物,再用碘酒或浓石炭酸溶波点患处。若损害较多,应分批治疗,注意保护周围皮肤。治疗白秃疮、肥疮,采用拔发疗法,方法:剪发后每天以0.5%明矾水或热肥皂水洗头,然后在病灶处敷药,可用5%硫黄软音或雄黄音,用薄膜盖上,包扎或戴帽固定。每天如上法换药1次。敷药1周,用镊子将病发连根拔陈。圾友后继实东原用约月续2~3周。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "有机整体的中心是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "脑",
319
+ "B": "肝",
320
+ "C": "心",
321
+ "D": "五脏",
322
+ "E": "经络"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "D",
325
+ "reason": ""
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "VP方案常用于治疗",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "急性粒细胞白血病",
332
+ "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
333
+ "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病",
334
+ "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
335
+ "E": "慢性再生障碍性贫血"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "B",
338
+ "reason": "VP方案,即长春新破十泼尼松,主要用于急性淋巴细胞性白血病的诱导化疗。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "患者泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。治疗应首选",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
345
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
346
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
347
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
348
+ "E": "芍药汤"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "湿热在肠,传导失常,故腹痛,泻下急迫。气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,都是湿热互结的表现。治宜清热利湿,用葛根芩连汤。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "治疗皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征卫气同病,应首选",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "银翘散",
358
+ "B": "沙参麦冬汤",
359
+ "C": "白虎汤",
360
+ "D": "新加香薷饮",
361
+ "E": "凉膈散"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": ""
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "有机整体的主宰是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "脑",
371
+ "B": "肝",
372
+ "C": "心",
373
+ "D": "五脏",
374
+ "E": "经络"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "C",
377
+ "reason": "五脏一体观,即构成人体的脏腑形体、官窍等各个组成部分,通过经络的沟通联络作用,构成以五脏为中心的五个生理病理系统,系统之间在结构与功能上是完整统一的。心藏神,又称主神明或主神志,指心有统率全身脏腑、经络、形体、官窍的生理活动和主司精神、意识、思维和情志等心理活动的功能。人体之神有广义和狭义之分。心所藏之神,既是主宰生命活动的广义之神,又包括精神、意识、思维、情志等狭义之神,故说心为“五脏六腑之大主”“所以任物者为之心”"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "HOAP方案常用于治疗",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "急性粒细胞白血病",
384
+ "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
385
+ "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病",
386
+ "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
387
+ "E": "慢性再生障碍性贫血"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "A",
390
+ "reason": "HOAP方案包括三尖杉、阿素及泼尼松,主要用于急性粒细胞白血病的化疗。性粒细胞白血病常用治疗药物是白消安、旋玉红等;性淋巴细胞白血病常用苯丁酸氮芥治疗;慢性再生障碍性贫血常用雄激素等。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "患者腹痛拘急,痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少,里急后重,脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治疗应首选",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
397
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
398
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
399
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
400
+ "E": "芍药汤"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "寒湿留滞肠中,气机阻滞,故腹痛拘急,里急后重;只伤及气分,故痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少;寒湿困脾,故脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治宜温化寒湿,调气和血,用不换金正气散。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "治疗皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征气阴两伤,应首选",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "银翘散",
410
+ "B": "沙参麦冬汤",
411
+ "C": "白虎汤",
412
+ "D": "新加香薷饮",
413
+ "E": "凉膈散"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "B",
416
+ "reason": "皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征好发于婴幼儿,是以全身血管炎症病变为主要病理的急性发热性出疹性疾病,以不明原因发热、多形性红斑、球黏膜充血、草莓舌和颈淋巴结肿大,手足硬肿为特征。病因为温热邪毒,病机为热盛血瘀,其卫气同病首选A,气阴两伤选B。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "治疗胃热呕逆,宜选用",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "石膏",
423
+ "B": "知母",
424
+ "C": "芦根",
425
+ "D": "天花粉",
426
+ "E": "夏枯草"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "C",
429
+ "reason": ""
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "有机磷农药中毒的瞳孔变化是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "瞳孔扩大",
436
+ "B": "瞳孔缩小",
437
+ "C": "瞳孔呈白色",
438
+ "D": "两瞳孔大小不等",
439
+ "E": "瞳孔形状不规则"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "B",
442
+ "reason": ""
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "额下回后部肿瘤的定位征是",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "听觉障碍",
449
+ "B": "运动性失语",
450
+ "C": "对侧偏瘫",
451
+ "D": "视野缺损",
452
+ "E": "精神障碍,出现��格改变"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "B",
455
+ "reason": ""
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "汗证肺卫不固的主症是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
462
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
463
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
464
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
465
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "A",
468
+ "reason": ""
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "治疗热淋涩痛,宜选用",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "石膏",
475
+ "B": "知母",
476
+ "C": "芦根",
477
+ "D": "天花粉",
478
+ "E": "夏枯草"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "C",
481
+ "reason": "石音用于外感热病,高热烦渴,肺热咳喘,胃火亢盛;知母用于外感热病,高热烦渴,肺热咳喘,阴虚消渴,肠便秘;芦根用于热病烦渴、胃热呕逆、肺热咳嗽、肺痈吐脓、热淋涩痛;天花粉用于热病烦渴、肺热燥咳、疮疡肿毒;夏枯草用于目赤肿痛、疬瘿瘤、乳痈肿痛"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "阿托品中毒的瞳孔变化是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "瞳孔扩大",
488
+ "B": "瞳孔缩小",
489
+ "C": "瞳孔呈白色",
490
+ "D": "两瞳孔大小不等",
491
+ "E": "瞳孔形状不规则"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "A",
494
+ "reason": "病理情况下,孔缩小,见于虹膜-H啡、氯丙)等。孔扩大见于外伤、颈交感神经刺激、青光眼绝对期、视神经袭缩、药物影响(阿托品、可卡因)等。双侧晚孔大小不等,常提示有颅内病变,如脑外伤、脑肿瘤、中枢神经梅毒、脑疝等。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "大脑额叶前部肿瘤的定位征是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "听觉障碍",
501
+ "B": "运动性失语",
502
+ "C": "对侧偏瘫",
503
+ "D": "视野缺损",
504
+ "E": "精神障碍,出现性格改变"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "E",
507
+ "reason": "A项为大脑颞叶部肿瘤的定位征B项为额下回后部肿瘤的定位征,C项为额叶后部中央前回运动区受压的表现,D项是大脑枕叶部肿瘤的定位征,E项为大脑额叶前部肿瘤的定位征。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "汗证营卫失调的主症是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
514
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
515
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
516
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
517
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "B",
520
+ "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿,以自汗为主,可伴有盗汗,以头、肩背阳气聚集之所汗多,易患外感;汗证营卫失调以自汗为主,或伴盗汗,汗出遍身而不温;汗证气阴两虚以盗汗为主,可伴有自汗,遍身皆可,没有特别的部位;汗证湿热迫蒸,自汗或盗汗,以汗出肤热,汗溃色黄为特点。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能消骨鲠的药物是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "威灵仙",
527
+ "B": "防己",
528
+ "C": "狗脊",
529
+ "D": "独活",
530
+ "E": "木瓜"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": ""
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "幽门管溃疡",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "多为上腹正中偏右疼痛",
540
+ "B": "多为剑突下正中偏左疼痛",
541
+ "C": "上腹痛无节律性并易引起呕吐",
542
+ "D": "以右上腹痛、夜间痛、背部放射性疼痛为主",
543
+ "E": "胃、十二指肠都有溃疡"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": ""
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "患者水肿日久,腰以下肿甚,按之凹陷不起,畏寒肢冷,尿少,舌淡苔白滑,脉沉弱,其证候是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "风水泛滥",
553
+ "B": "湿毒浸淫",
554
+ "C": "水湿浸渍",
555
+ "D": "湿热壅盛",
556
+ "E": "脾阳虚衰"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "E",
559
+ "reason": ""
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "治疗闭经气血虚弱证,应首选",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "人参养荣汤",
566
+ "B": "归脾汤",
567
+ "C": "加减一阴煎",
568
+ "D": "举元煎",
569
+ "E": "归肾丸"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": "气血虚弱型闭经的治法为益气养血调经,方用人参养荣汤。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能强腰膝的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "威灵仙",
579
+ "B": "防己",
580
+ "C": "狗脊",
581
+ "D": "独活",
582
+ "E": "木瓜"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "C",
585
+ "reason": "威灵仙祛风湿,通经络,消骨鲠。防己祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿。狗脊祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。此外,狗脊的绒毛有止血作用。独活祛风湿,止痛,解表。木瓜舒筋活络,和胃化湿。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "球后溃疡",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "多为上腹正中偏右疼痛",
592
+ "B": "多为剑突下正中偏左疼痛",
593
+ "C": "上腹痛无节律性并易引起呕吐",
594
+ "D": "以右上腹痛、夜间痛、背部放射性疼痛为主",
595
+ "E": "胃、十二指肠都有溃疡"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "D",
598
+ "reason": "幽门管溃疡表现为上腹痛无节律性并易引起呕吐;球后溃疡表现为以右上腹痛、夜间痛、背部放射性疼痛为主。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "患者眼睑浮肿,继则四肢及全身皆肿,来势迅速,伴有恶寒发热,小便不利,舌苔薄白,脉浮紧,其证候是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "风水泛滥",
605
+ "B": "湿毒浸淫",
606
+ "C": "水湿浸渍",
607
+ "D": "湿热壅盛",
608
+ "E": "脾阳虚衰"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "A",
611
+ "reason": "脾阳虚衰水肿,腰以下为甚。风水泛滥的特点是有外感的表现,恶寒发热,风助水势普行数变,故来势迅速,初期为眼睑浮肿,继则四肢及全身皆肿。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "治疗闭经阴虚血燥证,应首选",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "人参养荣汤",
618
+ "B": "归脾汤",
619
+ "C": "加减一阴煎",
620
+ "D": "举元煎",
621
+ "E": "归肾丸"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "C",
624
+ "reason": "阴虚血燥型闭经当养阴清热调经,应首选加减一阴煎。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "可以治疗咳嗽与蛲虫病的是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "百部",
631
+ "B": "紫菀",
632
+ "C": "决明子",
633
+ "D": "亲白皮",
634
+ "E": "紫苏子"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "A",
637
+ "reason": ""
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "医学会、司法监定机构作出的医疗损害鉴定意见应当载明并详细论述",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "鉴定人员是医疗纠纷当事人的近亲属",
644
+ "B": "鉴定人员与医疗纠纷当事人有其他关系,可能影响医疗纠纷公正处理",
645
+ "C": "医疗过错在医疗损害中的责任程度",
646
+ "D": "患者病情、医疗措施、医疗风险、替代医疗方案",
647
+ "E": "有关病历资料、现场实物封存和启封的规定"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "A",
650
+ "reason": "医学会、司法鉴定机构作出的医疗损害鉴定意见应当载明并详细论述下列内容:①是否存在医疗损害以及损害程度;②是否存在医疗过错:③医疗过错与医疗损害是否存在因果关系;医疗过错在医疗损害中的责任程度。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "既是络穴,又是八脉交会穴的腧穴是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "太渊",
657
+ "B": "合谷",
658
+ "C": "后溪",
659
+ "D": "内关",
660
+ "E": "阳池"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "D",
663
+ "reason": ""
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "滋血汤",
670
+ "B": "归肾丸",
671
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
672
+ "D": "乌药汤",
673
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "C",
676
+ "reason": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选桃红四物汤。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "可以治疗咳嗽与便秘的是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "百部",
683
+ "B": "紫菀",
684
+ "C": "决明子",
685
+ "D": "亲白皮",
686
+ "E": "紫苏子"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "E",
689
+ "reason": "百部功效:润肺止咳,杀虫灭虱,主治:①新久咳嗽,百日咳,肺痨咳嗽;②蛲虫病、阴道滴虫、头虱及疥癣等。紫苏子功效:降气化痰,止咳平喘,润肠通便。主治:①咳喘痰多:②肠便秘。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "发生医疗纠纷,医疗机构应当告知患者或者其近亲属",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "鉴定人员是医疗纠纷当事人的近亲属",
696
+ "B": "鉴定人员与医疗纠纷当事人有其他关系,可能影响医疗纠纷公正处理",
697
+ "C": "医疗过错在医疗损害中的责任程度",
698
+ "D": "患者病情、医疗措施、医疗风险、替代医疗方案",
699
+ "E": "有关病历资料、现场实物封存和启封的规定"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "E",
702
+ "reason": "发生医疗纠纷,医疗机构应当告知患者或者其近亲属下列事项:①解决医疗纠纷的合法途径;②有关病历资料、现场实物封存和启封的规定;③有关病历资料查阅、复制的规定。患者死亡的,还应当告知其近亲属有关尸检的规定。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "既是原穴,又是八会穴的腧穴是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "太渊",
709
+ "B": "合谷",
710
+ "C": "后溪",
711
+ "D": "内关",
712
+ "E": "阳池"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "A",
715
+ "reason": "对原、络穴以及八脉交会穴的综合考查:太渊是肺经的原穴,且又是八脉交会穴;合谷是大肠经的原穴;后溪是八脉交会穴;内关是心包经的络穴,且又是八脉交会穴;阳池是三焦经的原穴。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "治疗月经过少血虚证,应首选",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "滋血汤",
722
+ "B": "归肾丸",
723
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
724
+ "D": "乌药汤",
725
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "A",
728
+ "reason": "治疗月经过少血虚证,应首选滋血汤。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "参苓白术散的功用是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "渗湿",
735
+ "B": "通便",
736
+ "C": "升阳",
737
+ "D": "复脉",
738
+ "E": "疏肝"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "A",
741
+ "reason": ""
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "两肺散在干湿啰音,其多少及部位不固定者,见于",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "支气管扩张",
748
+ "B": "支气管哮喘",
749
+ "C": "心源性哮喘",
750
+ "D": "慢性支气管炎",
751
+ "E": "肺炎球菌肺炎"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "D",
754
+ "reason": ""
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "肝气郁结胁痛的主症之一是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "胁肋胀痛,游走不定",
761
+ "B": "胁肋刺痛,痛有定处",
762
+ "C": "胁肋隐痛,其痛不休",
763
+ "D": "胁痛口苦,脘腹痞闷",
764
+ "E": "右上腹痛,嗳气泛酸"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": ""
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "产后肢体关节疼痛,屈伸不利,痛无定处,其证候是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "血瘀",
774
+ "B": "风寒",
775
+ "C": "肾虚",
776
+ "D": "血虚",
777
+ "E": "气虚"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "题干产后肢体关节疼痛,屈伸不利,痛无定处,辨证为风寒证。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "炙甘草汤的功用是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "渗湿",
787
+ "B": "通便",
788
+ "C": "升阳",
789
+ "D": "复脉",
790
+ "E": "疏肝"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "D",
793
+ "reason": "参苓白术散益气健脾,渗湿止泻,炙甘草汤益气滋阴,通阳复脉。参苓白术散的功用有渗湿。炙甘草汤的功用是复脉"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "患侧呼吸运动减弱,叩诊浊音,可闻及支气管呼吸音者,见于",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "支气管扩张",
800
+ "B": "支气管哮喘",
801
+ "C": "心源性哮喘",
802
+ "D": "慢性支气管炎",
803
+ "E": "肺炎球菌肺炎"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "E",
806
+ "reason": "两肺都出现干啰音见于急、慢性支气管炎,支气管哮喘,支气管肺炎,心源性哮喘等;两肺散在湿啰音常见于支气管炎、支气管肺炎、血行播散性肺结核、肺水肿。肺炎肺组织实变时,可见呼吸动度呈局限性减弱或消失,触觉语颤增强,叩诊呈浊音,肺泡呼吸音消失,可听到病理性支气管呼吸音响亮性湿啰音,听觉语音增强及支气管语音、胸语音或胸耳语音。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "肝胆湿热胁痛的主症之一是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "胁肋胀痛,游走不定",
813
+ "B": "胁肋刺痛,痛有定处",
814
+ "C": "胁肋隐痛,其痛不休",
815
+ "D": "胁痛口苦,脘腹痞闷",
816
+ "E": "右上腹痛,嗳气泛酸"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "D",
819
+ "reason": "胁痛的辨证要点:肝气郁结的胁痛特点是胁肋胀痛,游走不定。肝胆湿热胁痛的特点是HTBG"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "产后遍身关节酸楚,肢体麻木,头晕心悸,其证候是",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "血瘀",
826
+ "B": "风寒",
827
+ "C": "肾虚",
828
+ "D": "血虚",
829
+ "E": "气虚"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "D",
832
+ "reason": "题干产后遍身关节酸楚,肢体麻木,头晕心悸,辨证为血虚证。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "能治肝气郁滞所致胸闷胁痛的药是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "薄荷",
839
+ "B": "紫苏",
840
+ "C": "荆芥",
841
+ "D": "防风",
842
+ "E": "升麻"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "A",
845
+ "reason": ""
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "霍乱多见",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "黏液血便",
852
+ "B": "水样便",
853
+ "C": "果酱样便",
854
+ "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞减少",
855
+ "E": "嗜酸性粒细胞增多"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "B",
858
+ "reason": "霍乱的特征性改变是米泔水样大便。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "治疗呕吐之寒吐者,应配用",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "上脘、胃俞",
865
+ "B": "合谷、金津、玉液",
866
+ "C": "脾俞、胃俞",
867
+ "D": "期门、太冲",
868
+ "E": "丰隆、膻中"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "A",
871
+ "reason": ""
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "治疗癥瘕气滞证,应首选",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "开郁二陈汤",
878
+ "B": "苍附导痰丸",
879
+ "C": "香棱丸",
880
+ "D": "桂枝茯苓丸",
881
+ "E": "血府逐瘀汤"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "C",
884
+ "reason": "治疗气滞证,应首选香棱丸。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "能治脾胃气滞所致胸闷呕吐的是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "薄荷",
891
+ "B": "紫苏",
892
+ "C": "荆芥",
893
+ "D": "防风",
894
+ "E": "升麻"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "B",
897
+ "reason": "薄荷能舒肝解郁,治疗肝郁气滞、胸闷胁痛,紫苏为行气宽中、醒��止呕良药,可治疗脾胃气滞、胸闷呕吐。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "细菌性痢疾多见",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "黏液血便",
904
+ "B": "水样便",
905
+ "C": "果酱样便",
906
+ "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞减少",
907
+ "E": "嗜酸性粒细胞增多"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "A",
910
+ "reason": "细菌性痢疾的特征性病变是黏液性脓血便。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "治疗呕吐之脾胃虚寒证,应配用",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "上脘、胃俞",
917
+ "B": "合谷、金津、玉液",
918
+ "C": "脾俞、胃俞",
919
+ "D": "期门、太冲",
920
+ "E": "丰隆、膻中"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "C",
923
+ "reason": "呕吐之寒吐者,治疗时应加上脘胃俞以降逆、温阳。呕吐之脾胃虚寒证,治疗时应加脾俞、胃俞以健脾培元、温中散寒。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗癥瘕痰湿证,应首选",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "开郁二陈汤",
930
+ "B": "苍附导痰丸",
931
+ "C": "香棱丸",
932
+ "D": "桂枝茯苓丸",
933
+ "E": "血府逐瘀汤"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "B",
936
+ "reason": "治疗痕痰湿证,应首选苍附导痰丸。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "生脉散与四君子汤的组成中均含有药物是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "茯苓",
943
+ "B": "附子",
944
+ "C": "白术",
945
+ "D": "甘草",
946
+ "E": "人参"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "E",
949
+ "reason": "生脉散组成:人参、麦门冬、五味子。四君子汤组成:人参、白术、茯苓、炙甘草。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "十二指肠球部溃疡的治疗最主要的是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "抑制胃酸分泌",
956
+ "B": "保护胃黏膜",
957
+ "C": "早期手术",
958
+ "D": "减少胆汁反流",
959
+ "E": "根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "A",
962
+ "reason": ""
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "治疗休息痢,应首选",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "连理汤",
969
+ "B": "半夏泻心汤",
970
+ "C": "乌梅丸",
971
+ "D": "左金丸",
972
+ "E": "温脾汤"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "A",
975
+ "reason": "痢疾时止时发,久久不愈者为休息痢,因治疗失宜,或气血虚弱,脾肾不足,以致正虚邪恋,湿热积滞伏于肠胃而成。治宜温中清肠,调气化滞,所以休息痢发作时应用连理汤,本方由理中丸加黄连而成。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "传染性单核细胞增多症气营两燔证的发热特点是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "壮热烦渴",
982
+ "B": "发热持续,缠绵不退,身热不扬",
983
+ "C": "身热起伏",
984
+ "D": "突然发热,微恶风寒",
985
+ "E": "低热不退"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "A",
988
+ "reason": ""
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "四逆散与四逆汤的组成中均含有药物是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "茯苓",
995
+ "B": "附子",
996
+ "C": "白术",
997
+ "D": "甘草",
998
+ "E": "人参"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "D",
1001
+ "reason": "四逆散组成:甘草、枳实、柴胡、芍药。四逆汤组成:甘草、千姜、附子。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "防止溃疡复发的最主要的措施是",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "抑制胃酸分泌",
1008
+ "B": "保护胃黏膜",
1009
+ "C": "早期手术",
1010
+ "D": "减少胆汁反流",
1011
+ "E": "根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "E",
1014
+ "reason": "消化性溃疡的最终形成是由于胃酸一胃蛋白酶自身消化所致,对十二指肠球部溃疡的治疗最主要的是抑制胃酸分泌;Hp感染是影响溃疡复发的可去除的危险因素,所以根除Hp是主要的预防办法之一。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "治疗休息痢日久,脾阳极虚,肠中寒积不化,遇寒即发者,应首选",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "连理汤",
1021
+ "B": "半夏泻心汤",
1022
+ "C": "乌梅丸",
1023
+ "D": "左金丸",
1024
+ "E": "温脾汤"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "E",
1027
+ "reason": "缀解期,可见神疲乏力,食欲不振!形体消瘦,四肢不温等症,治以健运脾胃、补益气血为主,可选用温脾汤"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "传染性单核细胞增多症湿热蕴滞证的发热特点是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "壮热烦渴",
1034
+ "B": "发热持续,缠绵不退,身热不扬",
1035
+ "C": "身热起伏",
1036
+ "D": "突然发热,微恶风寒",
1037
+ "E": "低热不退"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "B",
1040
+ "reason": "传染性单核细胞增多症气营两燔证证候为壮热烦渴,咽喉红肿疼痛,乳蛾肿大,甚则溃烂;湿热蕴滞证证候为发热持续,缠绵不退,身热不扬:汗出不透,头身重痛等。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "吴茱萸汤证病机涉及的主要脏腑是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "肝、脾",
1047
+ "B": "肝、胃",
1048
+ "C": "脾、胃",
1049
+ "D": "肝、心",
1050
+ "E": "脾、肾"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "B",
1053
+ "reason": "吴茱萸汤温肝暖胃,降逆止呕。主治肝寒犯胃证或中虚胃寒,食谷欲呕,或呕而胸满,少阴吐利,手足逆冷,烦躁欲死,或厥阴肝寒头痛,痛在巅顶,干呕吐涎沫。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”。出自的著作是",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "《省心录·论医》",
1060
+ "B": "《备急千金要方》",
1061
+ "C": "《本草纲目》",
1062
+ "D": "《外科正宗》",
1063
+ "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "A",
1066
+ "reason": ""
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "曲池在五输穴中属",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "井穴",
1073
+ "B": "荥穴",
1074
+ "C": "合穴",
1075
+ "D": "经穴",
1076
+ "E": "输穴"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "C",
1079
+ "reason": "曲池穴是大肠经的合穴,"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "疳积的主要病机是",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "脾胃失和,运化失健",
1086
+ "B": "脾胃虚损,积滞内停",
1087
+ "C": "脾胃虚衰,精血不足",
1088
+ "D": "脾胃阴虚,津液消亡",
1089
+ "E": "脾胃阳虚,运化无力"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "B",
1092
+ "reason": ""
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "理中丸证病机涉及的主要胜腑是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "肝、脾",
1099
+ "B": "肝、胃",
1100
+ "C": "脾、胃",
1101
+ "D": "肝、心",
1102
+ "E": "脾、肾"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "C",
1105
+ "reason": "理中丸温中散寒,补气健脾。主治:①脾胃虚寒证,脘腹绵绵作痛,喜温喜按,呕吐,大便稀溏,脘痞食少,畏寒肢冷,口不渴,舌淡苔白润,脉沉细或沉迟无力;②阳虚失血证,便血、吐血、衄血或崩漏等,血色暗淡,质洁稀;③脾胃虚寒所致的胸痹,或病后多涎唾,或小儿慢惊等"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "“启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为病人,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁”。出自的著作是",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "《省心录·论医》",
1112
+ "B": "《备急千金要方》",
1113
+ "C": "《本草纲目》",
1114
+ "D": "《外科正宗》",
1115
+ "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "E",
1118
+ "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”。出自的著作是《省心录·论医》。“启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为病人,无分爱与憎;不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁”。出自是迈蒙尼提斯祷文。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "太溪在五输穴中属",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "井穴",
1125
+ "B": "荥穴",
1126
+ "C": "合穴",
1127
+ "D": "经穴",
1128
+ "E": "输穴"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "E",
1131
+ "reason": "太溪是肾经的输穴。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "干疳的主要病机是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "脾胃失和,运化失健",
1138
+ "B": "脾胃虚损,积滞内停",
1139
+ "C": "脾胃虚衰,精血不足",
1140
+ "D": "脾胃阴虚,津液消亡",
1141
+ "E": "脾胃阳虚,运化无力"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "D",
1144
+ "reason": "疳积多由疳气发展而来,病机属脾胃虚损,积滞内停,虚实夹杂之证,病情较为复杂。干疳为腑证的后期表现,由脾胃虚衰,津波消亡,气血两败所致,常病涉五脏而出现各种兼证。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "麻黄汤中配伍炙甘草的主要用意是",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "益气补虚",
1151
+ "B": "益气和中",
1152
+ "C": "缓峻护正",
1153
+ "D": "化痰止咳",
1154
+ "E": "发汗祛湿"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "C",
1157
+ "reason": "麻黄汤中用麻黄发汗,桂枝温经散寒,透达营卫,杏仁降利肺气,炙甘草既能调和宣降之麻、杏,又能缓和麻、桂相合的烈之性,使汗出不致过猛而伤耗正气,是使药而兼佐药之义"
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "对发病较晚的急性胰腺炎诊断有帮助的是",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "血清脂肪酶",
1164
+ "B": "血尿素氮",
1165
+ "C": "血清淀粉酶",
1166
+ "D": "血清正铁白蛋白",
1167
+ "E": "血清钙"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "A",
1170
+ "reason": ""
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "起于目锐眦,下耳后,入耳中,出耳前的经脉是",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
1177
+ "B": "足阳明胃经",
1178
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
1179
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
1180
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "C",
1183
+ "reason": ""
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "人感染高致病性禽流感的临床诊断病例是指",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "1周内有接触史,出现流感样症状,对其进行7天医学观察",
1190
+ "B": "病毒分离阳性",
1191
+ "C": "有流行病学史和临床表现,呼吸道分泌物甲型流感病毒和H5型单克隆抗体抗原检测阳性者",
1192
+ "D": "被诊断为疑似病例,且与其有共同暴露史的人被诊断为确诊病例者",
1193
+ "E": "2周内���流行病学接触史,出现流感样症状"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "D",
1196
+ "reason": ""
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "桂枝汤中配伍炙甘草的主要用意是",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "益气补虚",
1203
+ "B": "益气和中",
1204
+ "C": "缓峻护正",
1205
+ "D": "化痰止咳",
1206
+ "E": "发汗祛湿"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "B",
1209
+ "reason": "桂枝汤中用桂枝解肌发表,散外感风寒,芍药益阴敛营。桂、芍相合,一治卫强,一治营弱,合则调和营卫,是相须为用。生姜既助桂枝解肌,又能暖胃止呕。大枣既能益气补中,又能滋脾生津。姜、枣相合,升腾脾胃生发之气而调和营卫。炙甘草之用有二:一为佐药,益气和中,合桂枝以解肌,合芍药以益阴;一为使药,调和诸药。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "在急性水肿型胰腺炎时为阴性,在出血坏死型胰腺炎时为阳性的是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "血清脂肪酶",
1216
+ "B": "血尿素氮",
1217
+ "C": "血清淀粉酶",
1218
+ "D": "血清正铁白蛋白",
1219
+ "E": "血清钙"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "D",
1222
+ "reason": "急性胰腺炎起病后6~12小时血清淀粉酶开始升高,48小时开始下降,持续3~5天血清脂肪酶常在发病后24~72小时开始升高,持续7~10天,对病后就诊较晚的总性胰腺炎患者有诊断价值,而且特异性也较高。出血坏死型胰腺炎时,红细胞破坏释放出血红素,经脂肪酸和弹力蛋白酶作用,变为正铁血红素,与白蛋白结合成正铁白蛋白,在起病72小时内常为阳性。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "从耳后,入耳中……前,交颊,至目锐眦的经脉是",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
1229
+ "B": "足阳明胃经",
1230
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
1231
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
1232
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "D",
1235
+ "reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻,人上齿,挟口环唇,循喉咙;足少阳胆经起于目锐眦,下耳后,人耳中,出耳前,至目锐毗后;足太阳膀胱经起于目内眦,至耳上角,人络脑;手少阳三焦经系耳后,出耳上角,人耳中,出走耳前,过客主人前,交颊,至目锐眦;手太阳小肠经循咽,至目锐眦,人耳中,抵鼻。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "人感染高致病性禽流感的确诊病例是指",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "1周内有接触史,出现流感样症状,对其进行7天医学观察",
1242
+ "B": "病毒分离阳性",
1243
+ "C": "有流行病学史和临床表现,呼吸道分泌物甲型流感病毒和H5型单克隆抗体抗原检测阳性者",
1244
+ "D": "被诊断为疑似病例,且与其有共同暴露史的人被诊断为确诊病例者",
1245
+ "E": "2周内有流行病学接触史,出现流感样症状"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "B",
1248
+ "reason": "医学观察病例:1周内有接触史出现流感样症状,对其进行7天医学观察。疑似病例:有流行病学史和临床表现,呼吸道分泌物甲型流感病毒和H5型单克隆抗体抗原检测阳性者。临床诊断病例:被诊断为疑似病例,且与其有共同暴露史的人被诊断为确诊病例者。确诊病例:临床诊断病例呼吸道分泌物分离出病毒或采用RT-PCR检测到病毒基因,且发病初期和恢复期双份血清抗体滴度4倍或以上升高。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "邪入脏腑,病情严重者,指纹的表现是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "显于风关",
1255
+ "B": "达于气关",
1256
+ "C": "达于命关",
1257
+ "D": "透关射甲",
1258
+ "E": "未超风关"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "C",
1261
+ "reason": ""
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "医患双方共同向医疗纠纷人民调解委员会提出申请的,医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当自受理之日起多久完成调解",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "5个工作日内",
1268
+ "B": "10个工作日内",
1269
+ "C": "15个工作日内",
1270
+ "D": "30个工作日内",
1271
+ "E": "90个工作日内"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "D",
1274
+ "reason": "医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当自受理之日起30个工作日内完成调解。"
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "善于治疗呃逆的腧穴是",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "大抒",
1281
+ "B": "膏肓",
1282
+ "C": "申脉",
1283
+ "D": "攒竹",
1284
+ "E": "志室"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "D",
1287
+ "reason": ""
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "治疗慢惊风脾肾阳虚证,应首选",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "大定风珠",
1294
+ "B": "十全大补汤",
1295
+ "C": "缓肝理脾汤",
1296
+ "D": "固真汤合逐寒荡惊汤",
1297
+ "E": "逐寒荡惊汤"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "D",
1300
+ "reason": ""
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "病情凶险者,指纹的表现是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "显于风关",
1307
+ "B": "达于气关",
1308
+ "C": "达于命关",
1309
+ "D": "透关射甲",
1310
+ "E": "未超风关"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "D",
1313
+ "reason": "络脉的长短反映者病情的轻重,病情越重,络脉越长,络脉达于命关,为病邪深重;若络脉透过三关直达指端者,称为透关射甲,病多凶险,预后不佳。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "医患双方申请医疗纠纷行政调解的,卫生主管部门应当自收到申请之日起多久作出是否受理的决定",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "5个工作日内",
1320
+ "B": "10个工作日内",
1321
+ "C": "15个工作日内",
1322
+ "D": "30个工作日内",
1323
+ "E": "90个工作日内"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "A",
1326
+ "reason": "卫生主管部门应当自收到申请之日起5个工作日内作出是否受理的决定。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "善于治疗急性腰扭伤的腧穴是",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "大抒",
1333
+ "B": "膏肓",
1334
+ "C": "申脉",
1335
+ "D": "攒竹",
1336
+ "E": "志室"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "D",
1339
+ "reason": "攒竹主治:①头痛,眉棱骨痛;②眼睑瞤动、眼睑下垂、口眼斜、目视不明、流泪、目赤肿痛等眼疾;③呃逆;④急性腰扭伤。大杼主治:①咳嗽,发热;②项强,肩背痛。膏肓主治:①咳嗽、气喘、盗汗,肺痨等肺系虚损病症;②虚劳、嬴瘦、健忘、遗精等虚劳诸证;③肩胛痛。申脉主治:①头痛,眩晕;②疯狂痫失眠等神志病症;③腰腿酸痛。志室主治:①遗精、阳密、月经不调等肾虚病症;②小便不利,水肿;③腰脊强痛。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "治疗慢惊风阴虚风动证,应首选",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "大定风珠",
1346
+ "B": "十全大补汤",
1347
+ "C": "缓肝理脾汤",
1348
+ "D": "固真汤合逐寒荡惊汤",
1349
+ "E": "逐寒荡惊汤"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "A",
1352
+ "reason": "慢惊风的证型:脾虚肝亢一温中健脾,方用缓肝理脾汤;脾肾阳虚--温补脾肾、回阳救逆,方用固真汤合逐寒荡惊汤加减;阴虚风动--育阴潜阳,滋补肝肾,方用大定风珠加减。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "脉来缓而时止,止无定数者,称为",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "结脉",
1359
+ "B": "促脉",
1360
+ "C": "代脉",
1361
+ "D": "微脉",
1362
+ "E": "弱脉"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "A",
1365
+ "reason": ""
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "胆道结石,常出现",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "慢性规律性的上腹痛",
1372
+ "B": "无规律性的上腹痛",
1373
+ "C": "右上腹绞痛",
1374
+ "D": "左上腹剧痛",
1375
+ "E": "全腹剧痛"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "C",
1378
+ "reason": "由于胆石在肠道内的移动使胆或胆总管平滑肌扩张及痉李而产生胆绞痛,一般在中上腹或右上腹持续加重。"
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "治疗胃火牙痛,在基本处方的基础上宜配用",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "肾俞、太溪",
1385
+ "B": "太溪、行间",
1386
+ "C": "内庭、二间",
1387
+ "D": "外关、风池",
1388
+ "E": "大抒、束骨"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "C",
1391
+ "reason": ""
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "妇人腹痛肾阳虚衰证的治法是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "温肾助阳,暖宫止痛",
1398
+ "B": "行气活血,化瘀止痛",
1399
+ "C": "补血养营,和中止痛",
1400
+ "D": "清热除湿,化瘀止痛",
1401
+ "E": "散寒除湿,化瘀止痛"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "A",
1404
+ "reason": "妇人腹痛肾阳虚衰证的治法是温肾助阳,宫止痛。"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "脉沉细而软者,称为",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "结脉",
1411
+ "B": "促脉",
1412
+ "C": "代脉",
1413
+ "D": "微脉",
1414
+ "E": "弱脉"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "E",
1417
+ "reason": "结脉指脉来级,时而一止,止无定数。促脉指脉来数,时而一止,止无定数。代脉指脉来时见一止,止有定数,良久方来。微脉指极细极软,按之欲绝,似有若无。弱脉指极软弱而沉细。"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "消化性溃疡,常出现",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "慢性规律性的上腹痛",
1424
+ "B": "无规律性的上腹痛",
1425
+ "C": "右上腹绞痛",
1426
+ "D": "左上腹剧痛",
1427
+ "E": "全腹剧痛"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "A",
1430
+ "reason": "由于溃疡发生后可自行愈合,但每于愈合后又好复发,故常有上腹疼痛长期反复发作的特点,并且与饮食之间的关系具有明显的相关性和节律性。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "治疗阴虚牙痛,在基本处方的基础上宜配用",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "肾俞、太溪",
1437
+ "B": "太溪、行间",
1438
+ "C": "内庭、二间",
1439
+ "D": "外关、风池",
1440
+ "E": "大抒、束骨"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "B",
1443
+ "reason": "胃火牙痛者,加内庭、二间以清泻胃火。阴虚牙痛者,加太溪、行间以滋阴,"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "妇人腹痛气滞血瘀证的治法是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "温肾助阳,暖宫止痛",
1450
+ "B": "行气活血,化瘀止痛",
1451
+ "C": "补血养营,和中止痛",
1452
+ "D": "清热除湿,化瘀止痛",
1453
+ "E": "散寒除湿,化瘀止痛"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "B",
1456
+ "reason": "妇人腹痛气滞血瘀证的治法是行气活血,化瘀止痛。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "县级以上地方人民政府建立和完善突发事件",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "制定全国突发事件应急预案",
1463
+ "B": "制定行政区域应急预案",
1464
+ "C": "预防控制体系",
1465
+ "D": "监测与预警系统",
1466
+ "E": "开展突发事件日常监测"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "D",
1469
+ "reason": ""
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "风心病最常见的并发症是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "呼吸道感染",
1476
+ "B": "心力衰竭",
1477
+ "C": "心律不齐",
1478
+ "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎",
1479
+ "E": "栓塞"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "D",
1482
+ "reason": ""
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "外感风热型咽喉肿痛在基本处方的基础上再加",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "风池、外关",
1489
+ "B": "太溪、照海",
1490
+ "C": "内庭、鱼际",
1491
+ "D": "列缺、照海",
1492
+ "E": "陷谷、关冲"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "A",
1495
+ "reason": ""
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "易发生内陷的疾病是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "痈",
1502
+ "B": "瘰疬",
1503
+ "C": "流痰",
1504
+ "D": "有头疽",
1505
+ "E": "红丝疔"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "D",
1508
+ "reason": "易发生内陷的疾病是有头疽。老年患者多发,尤其是消渴病患者多见,易出现内陷之证。"
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "县级以上各级人民政府卫生行政主管部门指定机构负责",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "制定全国突发事件应急预案",
1515
+ "B": "制定行政区域应急预案",
1516
+ "C": "预防控制体系",
1517
+ "D": "监测与预警系统",
1518
+ "E": "开展突发事件日常监测"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "E",
1521
+ "reason": "突发事件预防控制体系:①国家建立统一的突发事件预防控制体系;②县级以上地方人民政府建立和完普突发事件监测与预警系统;③县级以上各级人民政府卫生行政主管部门,应当指定机构负资开展突发事件的日常监测,并确保监测与预警系统的正常运行。"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤最易出现",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "呼吸道感染",
1528
+ "B": "心力衰竭",
1529
+ "C": "心律不齐",
1530
+ "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎",
1531
+ "E": "栓塞"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "E",
1534
+ "reason": "风心病多累及到多个瓣膜的病变病情发展缓慢,且常年受风湿病的困扰,逐渐出现患者抵抗力下降,容易发生感染,感染一旦控制不理想则会出现感染性心内膜炎;当患者瓣膜病变严重时,影响了血流动力学和心腔的压力,加重心脏负荷,则会并发心功能不全、心衰、心律不齐、肺水肿、呼吸道感染等。而风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴房额对左房血流影响甚大,会导致血流缓慢、形成涡流、血液瘀滞,血栓形成,脱落后造成栓塞。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "肺胃实热型咽喉肿痛在基本处方的基础上再加",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "风池、外关",
1541
+ "B": "太溪、照海",
1542
+ "C": "内庭、鱼际",
1543
+ "D": "列缺、照海",
1544
+ "E": "陷谷、关冲"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "C",
1547
+ "reason": "咽喉肿痛外感风热者,加风池、外关疏风清热。咽喉肿痛肺胃实热者,加内庭、鱼际清泻肺胃之实热。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "可发生走黄的疾病是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "痈",
1554
+ "B": "瘰疬",
1555
+ "C": "流痰",
1556
+ "D": "有头疽",
1557
+ "E": "红丝疔"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "E",
1560
+ "reason": "红丝疔若处理不当,发于颜面者易引起走黄危证而危及生命。"
1561
+ }
1562
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1822 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "疠气致病多为",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "伏而后发",
7
+ "B": "徐发",
8
+ "C": "继发",
9
+ "D": "感邪即发",
10
+ "E": "复发"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "D",
13
+ "reason": "感邪即发,又称为卒发、顿发。即感邪后立即发病。多见于:①新感外邪较盛,感受风寒、风热、温热、暑热、温毒邪气,邪气较盛时,多感邪即发;②情志剧变,烈的情绪变化,如暴怒、过度悲伤均可致气机逆乱,气血失调,脏腑功能障碍而顷刻发病;③毒物所伤,服有毒食品,药物中毒、吸入有毒的秽浊之气,可使人中毒而迅速发病;④外伤,论何种外伤,伤人后立即发病;⑤感受疠气,于其性毒烈,致病力强,来势凶猛,感邪后多呈暴发。继发,是指在原发疾病基础上,继发新的疾病,其特点是新的疾"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "小儿食积而致疳积,其发病类型是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "伏而后发",
20
+ "B": "徐发",
21
+ "C": "继发",
22
+ "D": "感邪即发",
23
+ "E": "复发"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "C",
26
+ "reason": "感邪即发,又称为卒发、顿发。即感邪后立即发病。多见于:①新感外邪较盛,感受风寒、风热、温热、暑热、温毒邪气,邪气较盛时,多感邪即发;②情志剧变,烈的情绪变化,如暴怒、过度悲伤均可致气机逆乱,气血失调,脏腑功能障碍而顷刻发病;③毒物所伤,服有毒食品,药物中毒、吸入有毒的秽浊之气,可使人中毒而迅速发病;④外伤,论何种外伤,伤人后立即发病;⑤感受疠气,于其性毒烈,致病力强,来势凶猛,感邪后多呈暴发。继发,是指在原发疾病基础上,继发新的疾病,其特点是新的疾"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "治疗大出血时用益气固脱法的理论基础是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "气能生血",
33
+ "B": "气能行血",
34
+ "C": "气能摄血",
35
+ "D": "津能载气",
36
+ "E": "血能养气"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "C",
39
+ "reason": "血在脉中运行而不逸出脉外,主要依赖于气的固摄作用。如果气虚而固摄作用减弱,可以导致多种出血病证,则称为“气不摄血”。所以治疗大出血时,常用益气固脱法来达到止血的目的。津液是气运行的载体之一。在血脉之外,气的运行必须依附于津液,否则也会使气漂浮失散而无所归,故说津能载气因此,津液的丢失,必定导致气的损耗。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "津液的丢失必然会导致气的损耗,说明了",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "气能生血",
46
+ "B": "气能行血",
47
+ "C": "气能摄血",
48
+ "D": "津能载气",
49
+ "E": "血能养气"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "D",
52
+ "reason": "血在脉中运行而不逸出脉外,主要依赖于气的固摄作用。如果气虚而固摄作用减弱,可以导致多种出血病证,则称为“气不摄血”。所以治疗大出血时,常用益气固脱法来达到止血的目的。津液是气运行的载体之一。在血脉之外,气的运行必须依附于津液,否则也会使气漂浮失散而无所归,故说津能载气因此,津液的丢失,必定导致气的损耗。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "身热初按热甚,久按热反转轻者见于",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "真热假寒证",
59
+ "B": "真寒假热证",
60
+ "C": "表热里寒证",
61
+ "D": "表热证",
62
+ "E": "里热证"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "D",
65
+ "reason": "身热初按热其,久按热反转轻者为热在表;久按其热反甚者为热在里。身灼热而肢厥为阳热内盛,格阴于外所致,属真热假寒证。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "身灼热而肢厥者见于",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "真热假寒证",
72
+ "B": "真寒假热证",
73
+ "C": "表热里寒证",
74
+ "D": "表热证",
75
+ "E": "里热证"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "A",
78
+ "reason": "身热初按热其,久按热反转轻者为热在表;久按其热反甚者为热在里。身灼热而肢厥为阳热内盛,格阴于外所致,属真热假寒证。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "易袭阴位的邪气是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "暑邪",
85
+ "B": "寒邪",
86
+ "C": "燥邪",
87
+ "D": "湿邪",
88
+ "E": "火邪"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "D",
91
+ "reason": "湿性趋下,易袭阴位湿邪类水属阴,有趋下之势,故湿为病,多易伤及人体下部。著季气候炎热,且常多潮湿,热蒸湿动,故暑邪致病,多夹湿邪为患。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "多夹湿邪的邪气是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "暑邪",
98
+ "B": "寒邪",
99
+ "C": "燥邪",
100
+ "D": "湿邪",
101
+ "E": "火邪"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "A",
104
+ "reason": "湿性趋下,易袭阴位湿邪类水属阴,有趋下之势,故湿为病,多易伤及人体下部。著季气候炎热,且常多潮湿,热蒸湿动,故暑邪致病,多夹湿��为患。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "患者疼痛沿三焦经放散,其病变部位在",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
111
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
112
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
113
+ "D": "上肢外侧中线",
114
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "D",
117
+ "reason": "在四肢部,阴经分布在内侧,阳经分布在外侧面,内侧分三阴,大体上,太阴、阳明在前缘,少阴、太阳在后缘,厥阴、少阳在中线。故患者疼痛沿三焦经放散,其病变部位在D;患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散,其病变部位在E。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散,其病变部位在",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
124
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
125
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
126
+ "D": "上肢外侧中线",
127
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "E",
130
+ "reason": "在四肢部,阴经分布在内侧,阳经分布在外侧面,内侧分三阴,大体上,太阴、阳明在前缘,少阴、太阳在后缘,厥阴、少阳在中线。故患者疼痛沿三焦经放散,其病变部位在D;患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散,其病变部位在E。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "液的作用重在",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "润泽肌肤",
137
+ "B": "营养周身",
138
+ "C": "温煦内脏",
139
+ "D": "补益脑髓",
140
+ "E": "温补脾肾"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "D",
143
+ "reason": "性质较清稀,流动性较大,布散于体表皮肤、肌肉和孔窍,并能渗注于血脉起滋润作用的,称为津。津液的输布主要依靠脾、肺、肾、肝、心和三焦等脏腑生理功能的综合作用而完成。而三焦对水液有通调决渎之功,是津液在体内流注输布的通道。性质较稠厚,流动性较小,灌注于骨节、脏腑、脑、髓等组织,起濡养作用的称为液。津液的输布主要依靠脾、肺,肾、肝、心和三焦等脏腑生理功能的综合作用而完成。而三焦对水液有通调决渎之功,是津液在体内流注输布的通道。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "津的作用重在",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "润泽肌肤",
150
+ "B": "营养周身",
151
+ "C": "温煦内脏",
152
+ "D": "补益脑髓",
153
+ "E": "温补脾肾"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "A",
156
+ "reason": "性质较清稀,流动性较大,布散于体表皮肤、肌肉和孔窍,并能渗注于血脉起滋润作用的,称为津。津液的输布主要依靠脾、肺、肾、肝、心和三焦等脏腑生理功能的综合作用而完成。而三焦对水液有通调决渎之功,是津液在体内流注输布的通道。性质较稠厚,流动性较小,灌注于骨节、脏腑、脑、髓等组织,起濡养作用的称为液。津液的输布主要依靠脾、肺,肾、肝、心和三焦等脏腑生理功能的综合作用而完成。而三焦对水液有通调决渎之功,是津液在体内流注输布的通道。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "燥邪犯卫证的治法是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "辛凉解表,宣肺泄热",
163
+ "B": "辛凉甘润,轻透肺卫",
164
+ "C": "清热宣肺平喘",
165
+ "D": "清宣郁热",
166
+ "E": "育阴清热"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "B",
169
+ "reason": "燥邪犯卫证治法:辛凉甘润,轻透肺卫。风热犯卫证治法:辛凉解表宣肺泄热。热扰胸膈证治法:清宣郁热。热盛伤阴证治法:育阴清热。邪热壅肺证治法:清热宜肺平喘。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "邪热壅肺证的治法是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "辛凉解表,宣肺泄热",
176
+ "B": "辛凉甘润,轻透肺卫",
177
+ "C": "清热宣肺平喘",
178
+ "D": "清宣郁热",
179
+ "E": "育阴清热"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "C",
182
+ "reason": "燥邪犯卫证治法:辛凉甘润,轻透肺卫。风热犯卫证治法:辛凉解表宣肺泄热。热扰胸膈证治法:清宣郁热。热盛伤阴证治法:育阴清热。邪热壅肺证治法:清热宜肺平喘。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "食积内热者多见",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "洪数脉",
189
+ "B": "滑数脉",
190
+ "C": "浮数脉",
191
+ "D": "濡数脉",
192
+ "E": "弦数脉"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "B",
195
+ "reason": "滑数脉主痰热、痰火湿热或食积内热。弦数脉主肝郁化火或肝胆湿热、肝阳上亢。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "肝郁化火者多见",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "洪数脉",
202
+ "B": "滑数脉",
203
+ "C": "浮数脉",
204
+ "D": "濡数脉",
205
+ "E": "弦数脉"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "E",
208
+ "reason": "滑数脉主痰热、痰火湿热或食积内热。弦数脉主肝郁化火或肝胆湿热、肝阳上亢。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "寒痰的特征是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "痰中带血",
215
+ "B": "痰黄质稠",
216
+ "C": "痰白清稀",
217
+ "D": "痰少黏稠",
218
+ "E": "痰白滑量多"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": "痰白而清稀,或有灰黑点者,属寒痰。因寒伤阳气,气不化津,湿聚为痰之故。痰少而黏,难于咯出者,属燥痰。因燥邪伤肺,或肺阴虚津亏所致。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "燥痰的特征是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "痰中带血",
228
+ "B": "痰黄质稠",
229
+ "C": "痰白清稀",
230
+ "D": "痰少黏稠",
231
+ "E": "痰白滑量多"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "D",
234
+ "reason": "痰白而清稀,或有灰黑点者,属寒痰。因寒伤阳气,气不化津,湿聚为痰之故。痰少而黏,难于咯出者,属燥痰。因燥邪伤肺,或肺阴虚津亏所致。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "暖气频作,常随情绪变化者多见于",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "瘀血停滞",
241
+ "B": "寒邪犯胃",
242
+ "C": "肝气犯胃",
243
+ "D": "胃气虚",
244
+ "E": "食滞胃脘"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "C",
247
+ "reason": "暖气频作而响亮,啜气后脘腹胀减,暖气发作因情志变化而增减者多为肝气犯胃,属于实证。气频作,兼脘腹冷痛,得温症减者,多为寒邪犯胃,或为胃阳亏虚"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "嗳气频作,兼脘腹冷痛,得温症减多见于",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "瘀血停滞",
254
+ "B": "寒邪犯胃",
255
+ "C": "肝气犯胃",
256
+ "D": "胃气虚",
257
+ "E": "食滞胃脘"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "B",
260
+ "reason": "暖气频作而响亮,啜气后脘腹胀减,暖气发作因情志变化而增减者多为肝气犯胃,属于实证。气频作,兼脘腹冷痛,得温症减者,多为寒邪犯胃,或为胃阳亏虚"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "大便溏结不调多见于",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "脾虚",
267
+ "B": "肾虚",
268
+ "C": "脾肾阳虚",
269
+ "D": "肝郁脾虚",
270
+ "E": "食滞胃肠"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "D",
273
+ "reason": "大便溏结不调即大便时干时稀的症状,多因肝脾不调所致,属肝郁脾电,共大便出王广油民"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "代表心房除极波形的是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "P波",
280
+ "B": "QRS波群",
281
+ "C": "S-T段",
282
+ "D": "T波",
283
+ "E": "Q-T间期"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "A",
286
+ "reason": "P波代表了心房的激动,前半部代表右心房激动,后半部代表左心房的激动。QRS波群代表了心室的除极,激动时限小于0.11秒。S-T段为心室肌全部除极完成,复极尚未开始的一段时间。T波代表了心室的复极。Q-T间期代表了心室从除极到复极的时间。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "心脾两虚不寐的病机为",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "肝郁化火,上扰心神",
293
+ "B": "脾虚不运,化生痰湿",
294
+ "C": "血气滞,心脉阻,心阳被遏",
295
+ "D": "脾虚血亏,心神失养,神不守舍",
296
+ "E": "肾水亏虚,不能上济于心,心火炽盛,不能下交于肾"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "D",
299
+ "reason": "不寐心脾两虚证证机概要:脾虚血亏,心神失养,神不安舍。治法:补益心脾,养血安神。代表方:归脾汤加减。不心肾不交证机概要:肾水亏虚,不能上济于心,心火炽盛,不能下交于肾。治法:滋阴降火,交通心肾。代表方:六味地黄丸合交泰丸加减。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "治疗股肿血脉瘀阻证的代表方剂是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "四妙勇安汤",
306
+ "B": "清利通络汤",
307
+ "C": "活血通脉汤",
308
+ "D": "复元活血汤",
309
+ "E": "活血散瘀汤"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "C",
312
+ "reason": "治疗股肿血瘀证,方用活血通脉汤,湿热下注证方用四妙勇安汤。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "大便先干而后稀多见于",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "脾虚",
319
+ "B": "肾虚",
320
+ "C": "脾肾阳虚",
321
+ "D": "肝郁脾虚",
322
+ "E": "食滞胃肠"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "A",
325
+ "reason": "大便溏结不调即大便时干时稀的症状,多因肝脾不调所致,属肝郁脾电,共大便出王广油民"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "代表心室除极和复极总时间的是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "P波",
332
+ "B": "QRS波群",
333
+ "C": "S-T段",
334
+ "D": "T波",
335
+ "E": "Q-T间期"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "E",
338
+ "reason": "P波代表了心房的激动,前半部代表右心房激动,后半部代表左心房的激动。QRS波群代表了心室的除极,激动时限小于0.11秒。S-T段为心室肌全部除极完成,复极尚未开始的一段时间。T波代表了心室的复极。Q-T间期代表了心室从除极到复极的时间。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "心肾不交不寐的病机为",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "肝郁化火,上扰心神",
345
+ "B": "脾虚不运,化生痰湿",
346
+ "C": "血气滞,心脉阻,心阳被遏",
347
+ "D": "脾虚血亏,心神失养,神不守舍",
348
+ "E": "肾水亏虚,不能上济于心,��火炽盛,不能下交于肾"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "E",
351
+ "reason": "不寐心脾两虚证证机概要:脾虚血亏,心神失养,神不安舍。治法:补益心脾,养血安神。代表方:归脾汤加减。不心肾不交证机概要:肾水亏虚,不能上济于心,心火炽盛,不能下交于肾。治法:滋阴降火,交通心肾。代表方:六味地黄丸合交泰丸加减。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "治疗股肿湿热下注证的代表方剂是",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "四妙勇安汤",
358
+ "B": "清利通络汤",
359
+ "C": "活血通脉汤",
360
+ "D": "复元活血汤",
361
+ "E": "活血散瘀汤"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "治疗股肿血瘀证,方用活血通脉汤,湿热下注证方用四妙勇安汤。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "下列关于谵语的叙述正确的是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "神识清楚,语言错乱,语后自知的症状",
371
+ "B": "神识不清,语无伦次,声高有力的症状",
372
+ "C": "自言自语,不休,见人语止,首尾不续的症状",
373
+ "D": "神志清楚、思维正常而吐字困难,或吐字不清",
374
+ "E": "神识不清,语言重复,时断时续,语声低弱模糊的症状"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "B",
377
+ "reason": "谵语是指神识不清语无伦次,声高有力的症状。属实证,多因邪热内扰神明所致,多见于温邪内人心包或阳明实热证、痰热扰乱心神等。言容是指神志清楚、思维正常而吐字困难,或吐字不清。与舌强并见者:多因风痰阻络所致,为中风之先兆或后遗症。若因习惯而成者,不属病态。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "主要见于肾盂肾炎的管型是",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "红细胞管刑",
384
+ "B": "白细胞管刑",
385
+ "C": "上皮细胞管型",
386
+ "D": "透明管型",
387
+ "E": "蜡样管型"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "B",
390
+ "reason": "白细胞管型常见于肾孟肾炎。正常人展尿(要有足够的时间形成管型)中可有透明管型出现,常见于肾炎、肾淤血,发热性疾病等。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "治疗痞满饮食内停证,应首选",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "积实导滞丸",
397
+ "B": "保和丸",
398
+ "C": "越翰丸合积术丸",
399
+ "D": "二陈平胃散",
400
+ "E": "香砂六君子汤"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "痞满饮食内停用保和丸消食和胃,行气消痞。痞满肝胃不和用越鞠丸合枳术丸疏肝解郁,和胃消痞"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "梅毒的疳疮(硬下疳)在不洁性交后出现的时间是",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "1周左右",
410
+ "B": "3周左右",
411
+ "C": "5周左右",
412
+ "D": "8周左右",
413
+ "E": "12周左右"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "B",
416
+ "reason": "一期梅毒主要表现为瘢疮(硬下疳),常发生于不洁性交后2~4周。二期梅毒主要表现为杨梅疳,一般发生在感染后7~10周或硬下疳出现后6~8周。三期梅毒(晚期梅毒),主要表现为杨梅结毒;潜伏梅毒又称隐性梅毒,胎传梅毒又称先天梅毒。潜伏梅毒的女患者可经过胎盘传给胎儿发生胎传梅毒。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "下列关于言密的叙述正确的是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "神识清楚,语言错乱,语后自知的症状",
423
+ "B": "神识不清,语无伦次,声高有力的症状",
424
+ "C": "自言自语,不休,见人语止,首尾不续的症状",
425
+ "D": "神志清楚、思维正常而吐字困难,或吐字不清",
426
+ "E": "神识不清,语言重复,时断时续,语声低弱模糊的症状"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "D",
429
+ "reason": "谵语是指神识不清语无伦次,声高有力的症状。属实证,多因邪热内扰神明所致,多见于温邪内人心包或阳明实热证、痰热扰乱心神等。言容是指神志清楚、思维正常而吐字困难,或吐字不清。与舌强并见者:多因风痰阻络所致,为中风之先兆或后遗症。若因习惯而成者,不属病态。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "正常人尿中可以偶见的管型是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "红细胞管刑",
436
+ "B": "白细胞管刑",
437
+ "C": "上皮细胞管型",
438
+ "D": "透明管型",
439
+ "E": "蜡样管型"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "D",
442
+ "reason": "白细胞管型常见于肾孟肾炎。正常人展尿(要有足够的时间形成管型)中可有透明管型出现,常见于肾炎、肾淤血,发热性疾病等。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "治疗病满肝胃不和证,应首选",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "积实导滞丸",
449
+ "B": "保和丸",
450
+ "C": "越翰丸合积术丸",
451
+ "D": "二陈平胃散",
452
+ "E": "香砂六君子汤"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "C",
455
+ "reason": "痞满饮食内停用保和丸消食和胃,行气消痞。痞满肝胃不和用越鞠丸合枳术丸疏肝解郁,和胃消痞"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "梅毒的杨梅疮在感染后出现的时间是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "1周左右",
462
+ "B": "3周左右",
463
+ "C": "5周左右",
464
+ "D": "8周左右",
465
+ "E": "12周左右"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "D",
468
+ "reason": "一期梅毒主要表现为瘢疮(硬下疳),常发生于不洁性交后2~4周。二期梅毒主要表现为杨梅疳,一般发生在感染后7~10周或硬下疳出现后6~8周。三期梅毒(晚期梅毒),主要表现为杨梅结毒;潜伏梅毒又称隐性梅毒,胎传梅毒又称先天梅毒。潜伏梅毒的女患者可经过胎盘传给胎儿发生胎传梅毒。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "具有降气,消痰,止咳功效的是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "旋覆花",
475
+ "B": "白前",
476
+ "C": "天南星",
477
+ "D": "半夏",
478
+ "E": "芥子"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "B",
481
+ "reason": "旋花功效降气消痰,行水止呕;白前功效降气,消痰,止咳;天南星功效燥湿化痰,祛风止疼;外用散结消肿;半夏功效燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结,外用消肿止痛;芥子功效温肺豁痰,利气散结,通络止痛。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "肠套叠可见腹痛,并伴有",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "急性发热",
488
+ "B": "黄疸",
489
+ "C": "呕吐",
490
+ "D": "腹泻",
491
+ "E": "血便"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "E",
494
+ "reason": "腹痛伴呕吐、腹胀、便秘和停止排气是肠梗阻的典型症状。腹痛伴血便可见于肠套叠、绞窄性肠梗阻、过敏性紫、结肠炎等。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "痿证虚证的治疗原则是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "祛邪和络",
501
+ "B": "清热利湿",
502
+ "C": "活血行瘀",
503
+ "D": "扶正补虚",
504
+ "E": "益气健脾"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "D",
507
+ "reason": "证的治疗,虚证宜扶正补虚为主,肝肾亏虚者宜滋养肝肾,脾胃虚弱者宜益气健脾。实证宜祛邪和络,肺热伤津者宜清热润燥,湿热浸淫者宜清热利湿,瘀阻脉络者宜活血行瘀。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "肉瘿气滞痰凝证首选的方剂为",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "四海疏郁丸",
514
+ "B": "逍遥蒌贝散",
515
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝汤",
516
+ "D": "生脉散合海藻玉壶汤",
517
+ "E": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "E",
520
+ "reason": "肉瘦气滞痰凝证治法:理气解郁,化痰软坚;方药:逍遥散合海菜玉壶汤加减。肉瘿气阴两虚证治法:益气养阴,软坚散结;方药:生脉散合海玉壶汤加减。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "具有降气消痰,行水止呕功效的是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "旋覆花",
527
+ "B": "白前",
528
+ "C": "天南星",
529
+ "D": "半夏",
530
+ "E": "芥子"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": "旋花功效降气消痰,行水止呕;白前功效降气,消痰,止咳;天南星功效燥湿化痰,祛风止疼;外用散结消肿;半夏功效燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结,外用消肿止痛;芥子功效温肺豁痰,利气散结,通络止痛。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "非绞窄性肠梗阻可见腹痛,并伴有",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "急性发热",
540
+ "B": "黄疸",
541
+ "C": "呕吐",
542
+ "D": "腹泻",
543
+ "E": "血便"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "腹痛伴呕吐、腹胀、便秘和停止排气是肠梗阻的典型症状。腹痛伴血便可见于肠套叠、绞窄性肠梗阻、过敏性紫、结肠炎等。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "病证实证的治疗原则是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "祛邪和络",
553
+ "B": "清热利湿",
554
+ "C": "活血行瘀",
555
+ "D": "扶正补虚",
556
+ "E": "益气健脾"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "A",
559
+ "reason": "证的治疗,虚证宜扶正补虚为主,肝肾亏虚者宜滋养肝肾,脾胃虚弱者宜益气健脾。实证宜祛邪和络,肺热伤津者宜清热润燥,湿热浸淫者宜清热利湿,瘀阻脉络者宜活血行瘀。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "肉瘿气阴两虚证首选的方剂为",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "四海疏郁丸",
566
+ "B": "逍遥蒌贝散",
567
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝汤",
568
+ "D": "生脉散合海藻玉壶汤",
569
+ "E": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "D",
572
+ "reason": "肉瘦气滞痰凝证治法:理气解郁,化痰软坚;方药:逍遥散合海菜玉壶汤加减。肉瘿气阴两虚证治法:益气养阴,软坚散结;方药:生脉散合海玉壶汤加减。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "清热解暑,截疟的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "香薷",
579
+ "B": "鸦胆子",
580
+ "C": "青蒿",
581
+ "D": "柴胡",
582
+ "E": "白薇"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "C",
585
+ "reason": "白功效:清虚热,凉血,利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。香功效:发汗解表化湿和中,利水消肿。青营功效:清透虚热,凉血除蒸,解暑,截疟。鸦胆子功效:清热解毒,止痢截���,外用腐蚀赘疣。柴胡功效:解表退热,疏肝解郁,升举阳气。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "与类风湿关节炎活动性及严重性成正比的指标是",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "抗角蛋白抗体",
592
+ "B": "C反应蛋白",
593
+ "C": "血沉",
594
+ "D": "类风湿因子",
595
+ "E": "抗核抗体"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "D",
598
+ "reason": "类风湿因子(RF),常规检测为IgM型,阳性率约70%~80%,且其滴度与疾病的性和严重性成正比。抗角蛋白抗体对类风湿关节炎的诊断有较高的特异性,有助于早期诊断。但敏感性如类风湿因子。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "茵陈术附汤适用于",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "黄疽热重于湿证",
605
+ "B": "黄疽湿重于热证",
606
+ "C": "黄疽胆郁热证",
607
+ "D": "黄痘疫毒炽盛证",
608
+ "E": "黄痘寒湿阻遏证"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "E",
611
+ "reason": "黄疸之寒湿阻遏证证候主症:身目俱黄,黄色晦暗,或如烟,脘腹痞胀,纳谷减少,大便不实,神疲畏寒,口淡不渴,舌淡苔腻,脉濡缓或沉迟。治法:温中化湿,健脾和胃。代表方:茵陈术附汤加减。黄疸之胆腑郁热证证候主症:身目发黄,黄色鲜明,上腹、右胁胀闷疼痛,牵引肩背,身热不退,或寒热往来,口苦咽干,呕吐呃逆,尿黄赤,大便秘,苔黄舌红,脉弦滑数。治法:疏肝泄热,利胆退黄。代表方:大柴胡汤加减。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "肛裂的主要症状为",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "疼痛、出血、便秘",
618
+ "B": "流脓、疼痛、瘙痒",
619
+ "C": "肛门坠胀、有异物感",
620
+ "D": "肛周红、肿、热、痛",
621
+ "E": "便下脓血、黏液,便意频数"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "A",
624
+ "reason": "肛裂的主要症状:疼痛、出血、便秘。肛漏的主要症状:流脓、疼痛,瘙痒。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "清热凉血,解毒疗疮的药物是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "香薷",
631
+ "B": "鸦胆子",
632
+ "C": "青蒿",
633
+ "D": "柴胡",
634
+ "E": "白薇"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "E",
637
+ "reason": "白功效:清虚热,凉血,利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。香功效:发汗解表化湿和中,利水消肿。青营功效:清透虚热,凉血除蒸,解暑,截疟。鸦胆子功效:清热解毒,止痢截疟,外用腐蚀赘疣。柴胡功效:解表退热,疏肝解郁,升举阳气。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "对米风湿关节炎诊断特异性较高有助于早期诊断的指标是",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "抗角蛋白抗体",
644
+ "B": "C反应蛋白",
645
+ "C": "血沉",
646
+ "D": "类风湿因子",
647
+ "E": "抗核抗体"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "A",
650
+ "reason": "类风湿因子(RF),常规检测为IgM型,阳性率约70%~80%,且其滴度与疾病的性和严重性成正比。抗角蛋白抗体对类风湿关节炎的诊断有较高的特异性,有助于早期诊断。但敏感性如类风湿因子。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "大柴胡汤适用于",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "黄疽热重于湿证",
657
+ "B": "黄疽湿重于热证",
658
+ "C": "黄疽胆郁热证",
659
+ "D": "黄痘疫毒炽盛证",
660
+ "E": "黄痘寒湿阻遏证"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "C",
663
+ "reason": "黄疸之寒湿阻遏证证候主症:身目俱黄,黄色晦暗,或如烟,脘腹痞胀,纳谷减少,大便不实,神疲畏寒,口淡不渴,舌淡苔腻,脉濡缓或沉迟。治法:温中化湿,健脾和胃。代表方:茵陈术附汤加减。黄疸之胆腑郁热证证候主症:身目发黄,黄色鲜明,上腹、右胁胀闷疼痛,牵引肩背,身热不退,或寒热往来,口苦咽干,呕吐呃逆,尿黄赤,大便秘,苔黄舌红,脉弦滑数。治法:疏肝泄热,利胆退黄。代表方:大柴胡汤加减。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "肛漏的主要症状为",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "疼痛、出血、便秘",
670
+ "B": "流脓、疼痛、瘙痒",
671
+ "C": "肛门坠胀、有异物感",
672
+ "D": "肛周红、肿、热、痛",
673
+ "E": "便下脓血、黏液,便意频数"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": "肛裂的主要症状:疼痛、出血、便秘。肛漏的主要症状:流脓、疼痛,瘙痒。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "皆能活血行气的药组是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "川芎、延胡索",
683
+ "B": "桃仁、红花",
684
+ "C": "益母草、牛膝",
685
+ "D": "水蛭、虻虫",
686
+ "E": "乳香、没药"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "A",
689
+ "reason": "川芎功效:活血行气祛风止痛。延胡索功效:活血,行气,止痛。益母草功效:活血调经,利尿消肿,热解毒。牛膝功效:逐瘀通经(本品活血祛瘀力较强,性普下行,长于活血通经),补肝肾,强筋骨,利水通淋,引火(血)下行。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "幽门梗阻的呕吐特点为",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "呕吐隔餐食物,带腐臭味",
696
+ "B": "呕吐物���胆汁",
697
+ "C": "呕吐大量黏液及食物",
698
+ "D": "呕吐物有粪臭味",
699
+ "E": "吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "A",
702
+ "reason": "呕吐物为隔餐食物,带腐臭味提示幽门梗阻;呕吐物含胆汁提示十二指肠乳头以下的十二指肠或空肠梗阻;呕吐物有类臭者提示低位肠梗阻。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "治疗水肿风水泛滥证,应首选",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "越婢加术汤",
709
+ "B": "麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮",
710
+ "C": "五皮饮合胃苓汤",
711
+ "D": "实脾饮",
712
+ "E": "疏凿饮子"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "A",
715
+ "reason": "水肿风水泛滥一越婢加术汤;湿毒浸淫一麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮;水湿浸渍一五皮饮合胃苓汤;湿热壅盛疏凿饮子;脾阳虚衰一实脾饮。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "脂溢性皮炎风热血燥证的治法为",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "健脾除湿,清热止痒",
722
+ "B": "健脾除湿,养阴清热",
723
+ "C": "祛风清热,养血润燥",
724
+ "D": "滋补肝肾,清热润燥",
725
+ "E": "活血祛瘀,养血润燥"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "脂溢性皮炎风热血证证候:多发于头面部,为淡红色斑片,干燥、脱屑、瘙痒,受风加重,或头皮癌痒,头屑多,毛发干枯脱落;伴口干口渴,大便干燥;舌质偏红,舌苔游白或黄,脉细数。治法:祛风清热,养血润燥。方药:消风散合当归饮子加减。脂溢性皮炎肠胃湿热证证候:皮损为潮红斑片,有油腻性痂屑,甚至糜烂、渗出;伴口苦口黏,脘腹痞满,小便短赤,大便臭秽;舌质红,舌苔黄腻,脉滑数。治法:健脾除湿,清热止痒。方药:参苓白术散合茵陈昔汤。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "皆能活血通经,利水的药组是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "川芎、延胡索",
735
+ "B": "桃仁、红花",
736
+ "C": "益母草、牛膝",
737
+ "D": "水蛭、虻虫",
738
+ "E": "乳香、没药"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "C",
741
+ "reason": "川芎功效:活血行气祛风止痛。延胡索功效:活血,行气,止痛。益母草功效:活血调经,利尿消肿,热解毒。牛膝功效:逐瘀通经(本品活血祛瘀力较强,性普下行,长于活血通经),补肝肾,强筋骨,利水通淋,引火(血)下行。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "空肠梗阻的呕吐特点为",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "呕吐隔餐食物,带腐臭味",
748
+ "B": "呕吐物含胆汁",
749
+ "C": "呕吐大量黏液及食物",
750
+ "D": "呕吐物有粪臭味",
751
+ "E": "吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "B",
754
+ "reason": "呕吐物为隔餐食物,带腐臭味提示幽门梗阻;呕吐物含胆汁提示十二指肠乳头以下的十二指肠或空肠梗阻;呕吐物有类臭者提示低位肠梗阻。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "治疗水肿湿毒浸淫证,应首选",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "越婢加术汤",
761
+ "B": "麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮",
762
+ "C": "五皮饮合胃苓汤",
763
+ "D": "实脾饮",
764
+ "E": "疏凿饮子"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "B",
767
+ "reason": "水肿风水泛滥一越婢加术汤;湿毒浸淫一麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮;水湿浸渍一五皮饮合胃苓汤;湿热壅盛疏凿饮子;脾阳虚衰一实脾饮。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "脂溢性皮炎肠胃湿热证的治法为",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "健脾除湿,清热止痒",
774
+ "B": "健脾除湿,养阴清热",
775
+ "C": "祛风清热,养血润燥",
776
+ "D": "滋补肝肾,清热润燥",
777
+ "E": "活血祛瘀,养血润燥"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "A",
780
+ "reason": "脂溢性皮炎风热血证证候:多发于头面部,为淡红色斑片,干燥、脱屑、瘙痒,受风加重,或头皮癌痒,头屑多,毛发干枯脱落;伴口干口渴,大便干燥;舌质偏红,舌苔游白或黄,脉细数。治法:祛风清热,养血润燥。方药:消风散合当归饮子加减。脂溢性皮炎肠胃湿热证证候:皮损为潮红斑片,有油腻性痂屑,甚至糜烂、渗出;伴口苦口黏,脘腹痞满,小便短赤,大便臭秽;舌质红,舌苔黄腻,脉滑数。治法:健脾除湿,清热止痒。方药:参苓白术散合茵陈昔汤。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "泻痢日久,便血脱肛,崩漏带下,宜选用",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "乌梅",
787
+ "B": "五味子",
788
+ "C": "龙骨",
789
+ "D": "诃子",
790
+ "E": "赤石脂"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "E",
793
+ "reason": "赤石脂有涩肠止泻收敛止血,敛疮生肌的功效。五味子酸、甘、温归肺、心、肾经,有敛肺滋肾,生津敛汗,涩精止泻,宁心安神的功效,用于久咳虚喘,津伤口渴及消渴,自汗、盗汗,遗精、滑精,久泻不止,心悸、失眠多梦等。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "咯红色痰常见于",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "干酪性肺炎",
800
+ "B": "急性肺水肿",
801
+ "C": "肺炎链球菌肺炎",
802
+ "D": "支气管扩张",
803
+ "E": "支气管哮喘"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "D",
806
+ "reason": "红色痰见于肺瘤、肺结核、支气管扩张症。铁锈色痰见于肺炎链球菌肺炎。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "治疗脾胃虚寒所致的便血,宜选用",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "黄土汤",
813
+ "B": "黄芪建中汤",
814
+ "C": "归脾汤",
815
+ "D": "理中汤",
816
+ "E": "十全大补汤"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "A",
819
+ "reason": "便血之脾胃虚寒证证候主症:便血紫暗,甚则黑色,腹部隐痛,喜热饮,面色不华,神倦懒言,便溏,舌质淡,脉细。治法:健脾温中,养血止血。代表方:黄土汤加减。便血之气虚不摄证证候主症:便血色红或紫暗,食少,体倦,面色蒸黄,心悸,少寐,舌质淡,脉细。治法:益气摄血。代表方:归脾汤加减。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "治疗癥痕之气滞血瘀证,应首选",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "逐瘀止血汤",
826
+ "B": "身痛逐瘀汤",
827
+ "C": "生化汤",
828
+ "D": "香棱丸",
829
+ "E": "少腹逐瘀汤"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "D",
832
+ "reason": "情志内伤,肝气郁结阻滞经脉,血行受阻,气聚血凝,积而成块。经脉气血循行受阻,气机紊乱,故出现胀满疼痛,月经先后不定等症,选用香棱丸以行气活血,化瘀消瘾。瘀血既是病理产物,又是致病因素,瘀血内停,阻冲任胞宫,故月经推后,不能摄精成孕。故婚久不孕,选用少腹逐瘀汤以逐瘀荡胞,调经助孕。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "久咳虚喘,久泻久痢,自汗盗汗,心悸失眠,宜选用(",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "乌梅",
839
+ "B": "五味子",
840
+ "C": "龙骨",
841
+ "D": "诃子",
842
+ "E": "赤石脂"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "B",
845
+ "reason": "赤石脂有涩肠止泻收敛止血,敛疮生肌的功效。五味子酸、甘、温归肺、心、肾经,有敛肺滋肾,生津敛汗,涩精止泻,宁心安神的功效,用于久咳虚喘,津伤口渴及消渴,自汗、盗汗,遗精、滑精,久泻不止,心悸、失眠多梦等。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "咯铁锈色痰多见于",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "干酪性肺炎",
852
+ "B": "急性肺水肿",
853
+ "C": "肺炎链球菌肺炎",
854
+ "D": "支气管扩张",
855
+ "E": "支气管哮喘"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "C",
858
+ "reason": "红色痰见于肺瘤、肺结核、支气管扩张症。铁锈色痰见于肺炎链球菌肺炎。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "治疗气不摄血所致的便血,宜选用",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "黄土汤",
865
+ "B": "黄芪建中汤",
866
+ "C": "归脾汤",
867
+ "D": "理中汤",
868
+ "E": "十全大补汤"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "C",
871
+ "reason": "便血之脾胃虚寒证证候主症:便血紫暗,甚则黑色,腹部隐痛,喜热饮,面色不华,神倦懒言,便溏,舌质淡,脉细。治法:健脾温中,养血止血。代表方:黄土汤加减。便血之气虚不摄证证候主症:便血色红或紫暗,食少,体倦,面色蒸黄,心悸,少寐,舌质淡,脉细。治法:益气摄血。代表方:归脾汤加减。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "治疗不孕之瘀滞胞宫证,应首选",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "逐瘀止血汤",
878
+ "B": "身痛逐瘀汤",
879
+ "C": "生化汤",
880
+ "D": "香棱丸",
881
+ "E": "少腹逐瘀汤"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "E",
884
+ "reason": "情志内伤,肝气郁结阻滞经脉,血行受阻,气聚血凝,积而成块。经脉气血循行受阻,气机紊乱,故出现胀满疼痛,月经先后不定等症,选用香棱丸以行气活血,化瘀消瘾。瘀血既是病理产物,又是致病因素,瘀血内停,阻冲任胞宫,故月经推后,不能摄精成孕。故婚久不孕,选用少腹逐瘀汤以逐瘀荡胞,调经助孕。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "具有清热止呕功效,治疗胃热呕逆的药物是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "知母",
891
+ "B": "石膏",
892
+ "C": "栀子",
893
+ "D": "芦根",
894
+ "E": "玄参"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "D",
897
+ "reason": "芦根功效,清热泻火:生津止渴,除烦,止呕,利尿,主治热病烦渴;胃热呕哕;肺热咳嗽,肺痈吐脓;热淋涩痛。知母主人肺经而长于泻肺热、润肺燥,用治肺热燥咳,常配贝母用,如二母散。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "嗜酸性粒细胞增多,考虑为",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "支气管哮喘",
904
+ "B": "伤寒极期",
905
+ "C": "流行性腮腺炎",
906
+ "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎",
907
+ "E": "肝癌"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "A",
910
+ "reason": "嗜酸性粒细胞增多:①变态反应性疾病,如支气管哮喘、荨麻疹、药物过敏、血清病等;②皮肤病,如湿疹、银屑病等;③寄生虫病;④血液病,如慢性粒细胞性白血病淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓等。酸性粒细胞减少:伤寒极期、应激状态(严重烧��、大手术后等)、休克、库欣综合征及长期应用肾上腺皮质激素后"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "肺痛成痛期,当用何治法",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "益气养阴,排脓解毒",
917
+ "B": "清肺解毒,化消痛",
918
+ "C": "益气养阴清热",
919
+ "D": "疏风散热,清肺化痰",
920
+ "E": "清热解毒,排脓消痈"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "B",
923
+ "reason": "肺痈成痈期证候主症:身热转甚,时时振寒,继则壮热,汗出烦躁,咳嗽气急,胸满作痛,转侧不利,咳吐浊痰,呈黄绿日见喉日有胜账,咽燥,古台真服,脉冶数。治法:清肺解毒,化瘀消痈。肺痈初期证候主症:恶寒发热,咳嗽,咯白色黏痰,痰量日渐增多,胸痛,咳则痛甚,呼吸不利,口干鼻燥,舌苔薄黄,脉浮数而滑。治法:疏风散热,清肺化痰。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "孕早期,阴道少量出血,伴小腹痛,查尿hCG(+),妇科检查:宫口未开,子宫大小与停经月份相符。应诊断为",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "胎漏",
930
+ "B": "胎动不安",
931
+ "C": "滑胎",
932
+ "D": "堕胎",
933
+ "E": "小产"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "B",
936
+ "reason": "妊娠期间出现腰酸、腰痛、小腹下坠,或伴有少量阴道出血,称为胎动不安辨识本病重在根据腹痛和阴道下血的特点确定胎儿是否必须堕下,一般在妊娠早期,堕胎之先常先有出血,若出血量少,腹痛轻微,即是治疗可保全妊娠继续;出血是多,腹痛加剧,甚至有胎块排出,则堕胎不可避免。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "具有滋阴润燥功效,治疗肺热燥咳的药物是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "知母",
943
+ "B": "石膏",
944
+ "C": "栀子",
945
+ "D": "芦根",
946
+ "E": "玄参"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "A",
949
+ "reason": "芦根功效,清热泻火:生津止渴,除烦,止呕,利尿,主治热病烦渴;胃热呕哕;肺热咳嗽,肺痈吐脓;热淋涩痛。知母主人肺经而长于泻肺热、润肺燥,用治肺热燥咳,常配贝母用,如二母散。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "嗜酸性粒细胞减少,考虑为",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "支气管哮喘",
956
+ "B": "伤寒极期",
957
+ "C": "流行性腮腺炎",
958
+ "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎",
959
+ "E": "肝癌"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "B",
962
+ "reason": "嗜酸性粒细胞增多:①变态反应性疾病,如支气管哮喘、荨麻疹、药物过敏、血清病等;②皮肤病,如湿疹、银屑病等;③寄生虫病;④血液病,如慢性粒细胞性白血病淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓等。酸性粒细胞减少:伤寒极期、应激状态(严重烧伤、大手术后等)、休克、库欣综合征及长期应用肾上腺皮质激素后"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "肺痛初期,当用何治法",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "益气养阴,排脓解毒",
969
+ "B": "清肺解毒,化消痛",
970
+ "C": "益气养阴清热",
971
+ "D": "疏风散热,清肺化痰",
972
+ "E": "清热解毒,排脓消痈"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "D",
975
+ "reason": "肺痈成痈期证候主症:身热转甚,时时振寒,继则壮热,汗出烦躁,咳嗽气急,胸满作痛,转侧不利,咳吐浊痰,呈黄绿日见喉日有胜账,咽燥,古台真服,脉冶数。治法:清肺解毒,化瘀消痈。肺痈初期证候主症:恶寒发热,咳嗽,咯白色黏痰,痰量日渐增多,胸痛,咳则痛甚,呼吸不利,口干鼻燥,舌苔薄黄,脉浮数而滑。治法:疏风散热,清肺化痰。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "孕早期,阴道少量出血,逐渐增多,有血块及组织排出,妇科检查:宫口已扩张,并有部分组织已排出。诊断为",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "胎漏",
982
+ "B": "胎动不安",
983
+ "C": "滑胎",
984
+ "D": "堕胎",
985
+ "E": "小产"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "D",
988
+ "reason": "妊娠期间出现腰酸、腰痛、小腹下坠,或伴有少量阴道出血,称为胎动不安辨识本病重在根据腹痛和阴道下血的特点确定胎儿是否必须堕下,一般在妊娠早期,堕胎之先常先有出血,若出血量少,腹痛轻微,即是治疗可保全妊娠继续;出血是多,腹痛加剧,甚至有胎块排出,则堕胎不可避免。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "患者因受精神刺激突发二便失禁,骨酸痿厥,遗精,其病机是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "怒则气上",
995
+ "B": "悲则气消",
996
+ "C": "喜则气缓",
997
+ "D": "思则气结",
998
+ "E": "恐则气下"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "E",
1001
+ "reason": "恐则气下,长期恐惧或突然受惊,皆能导致肾气受损,所谓惊恐伤肾,可见小便失禁、精遗、骨痿等症。怒则气上,气机上逆,怒而使肝气逆而上冲,血随上行,可见面红目赤、胸中气满、呼吸急促、或见呕血,甚至猝倒昏厥。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "高钾血症可见于",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "甲状旁腺功能亢进症",
1008
+ "B": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
1009
+ "C": "急性坏死性胰腺炎",
1010
+ "D": "大面积烧伤",
1011
+ "E": "原发性醛固酮增多症"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "D",
1014
+ "reason": "高钾的症:①摄人讨DR多,如高钾饮食、大量补钾;②排出减少,如肾衰竭少尿期、肾上腺皮质功能减退症;③分布异常,如严重溶血、挤压综合征、大面积烧伤、组织缺氧、代谢性酸中毒等。低钾血症:①摄人过少,长期低钾饮食、禁食;②排泄过多,如频繁呕吐、腹泻,长期应用排钾利尿剂,肾衰竭多尿期、肾上腺皮质功能亢进症、原发性醛固酮增多症;③分布异常,如心功能不全、肾性水肿、大量应用胰岛素、碱中毒等。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "眩晕肝阳上亢证的代表方首选",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
1021
+ "B": "归脾汤",
1022
+ "C": "左归丸",
1023
+ "D": "半夏白术天麻汤",
1024
+ "E": "通窍活血汤"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "A",
1027
+ "reason": "眩晕之肝阳上亢证证候主症:眩晕,耳鸣,头目胀痛,口苦,失眠多梦,遇烦劳郁怒而加重,甚则仆倒,颜面潮红,急躁易怒,肢麻震颤,舌红苔黄,脉弦或数。治法:平肝潜阳,清火息风。代表方:天麻钩藤饮加减。眩晕之痰浊上蒙证证候主症:眩晕,头重昏蒙,或伴视物旋转,胸闷恶心,呕吐痰涎,食少多寐,舌苔白腻,脉滑。治法:化痰祛湿,健脾和胃。代表方:半夏白术天麻汤加减。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "产后身痛风寒证的最佳选方是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "桂枝汤",
1034
+ "B": "玉屏风散",
1035
+ "C": "独活寄生汤",
1036
+ "D": "身痛逐瘀汤",
1037
+ "E": "养肾壮阳汤"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "C",
1040
+ "reason": "产后身痛风寒证,主要证候:产后肢体关节疼痛,屈伸不利,或痛无定处,或冷痛剧烈,宛如针刺,得热则舒,或关节肿胀,麻木,重者,伴恶寒怕风;舌淡苔薄白,脉濡细。治法:养血祛风,散寒除湿。方药:独活寄生汤或趁痛散、防风汤。产后身痛血瘀证,主要证公下胜吃必发硒雷兴自,FF小肿胀明显,屈伸不利,小腿压痛;恶露量少,色紫暗夹血块,小腹疼痛,拒按;舌暗,苔白,脉弦涩。治法:养血活血,化瘀祛湿。方药:身痛逐瘀汤加毛冬青、忍冬藤、母草、木瓜。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "患者因受精神刺激而气逆喘息,面红目赤,呕血,继则昏厥卒倒,其病机是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "怒则气上",
1047
+ "B": "悲则气消",
1048
+ "C": "喜则气缓",
1049
+ "D": "思则气结",
1050
+ "E": "恐则气下"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "A",
1053
+ "reason": "恐则气下,长期恐惧或突然受惊,皆能导致肾气受损,所谓惊恐伤肾,可见小便失禁、精遗、骨痿等症。怒则气上,气机上逆,怒而使肝气逆而上冲,血随上行,可见面红目赤、胸中气满、呼吸急促、或见呕血,甚至猝倒昏厥。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "低钾血症可见于",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "甲状旁腺功能亢进症",
1060
+ "B": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
1061
+ "C": "急性坏死性胰腺炎",
1062
+ "D": "大面积烧伤",
1063
+ "E": "原发性醛固酮增多症"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "E",
1066
+ "reason": "高钾的症:①摄人讨DR多,如高钾饮食、大量补钾;②排出减少,如肾衰竭少尿期、肾上腺皮质功能减退症;③分布异常,如严重溶血、挤压综合征、大面积烧伤、组织缺氧、代谢性酸中毒等。低钾血症:①摄人过少,长期低钾饮食、禁食;②排泄过多,如频繁呕吐、腹泻,长期应用排钾利尿剂,肾衰竭多尿期、肾上腺皮质功能亢进症、原发性醛固酮增多症;③分布异常,如心功能不全、肾性水肿、大量应用胰岛素、碱中毒等。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "眩晕痰浊上蒙证的代表方首选",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
1073
+ "B": "归脾汤",
1074
+ "C": "左归丸",
1075
+ "D": "半夏白术天麻汤",
1076
+ "E": "通窍活血汤"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "D",
1079
+ "reason": "眩晕之肝阳上亢证证候主症:眩晕,耳鸣,头目胀痛,口苦,失眠多梦,遇烦劳郁怒而加重,甚则仆倒,颜面潮红,急躁易怒,肢麻震颤,舌红苔黄,脉弦或数。治法:平肝潜阳,清火息风。代表方:天麻钩藤饮加减。眩晕之痰浊上蒙证证候主症:眩晕,头重昏蒙,或伴视物旋转,胸闷恶心,呕吐痰涎,食少多寐,舌苔白腻,脉滑。治法:化痰祛湿,健脾和胃。代表方:半夏白术天麻汤加减。"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "产后身痛血瘀证的最佳选方是",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "桂枝汤",
1086
+ "B": "玉屏风散",
1087
+ "C": "独活寄生汤",
1088
+ "D": "身痛逐瘀汤",
1089
+ "E": "养肾壮阳汤"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "D",
1092
+ "reason": "产后身痛风寒证,主要证候:产后肢体关节疼痛,屈伸不利,或痛无定处,或冷痛剧烈,宛如针刺,得热则舒,或关节肿胀,麻木,重者,伴恶寒怕风;舌淡苔薄白,脉濡细。治法:养血祛风,散寒除湿。方药:独活寄生汤或趁痛散、防风汤。产后身痛血瘀证,主要证公下胜吃必发硒雷兴自,FF小肿胀明显,屈伸不利,小腿压痛;恶露量少,色紫暗夹血块,小腹疼痛,拒按;舌暗,苔白,脉弦涩。治法:养血活血,化瘀祛湿。方药:身痛逐瘀汤加毛冬青、忍冬藤、母草、木瓜。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "宜治疗尿血、血淋涩痛的药物是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "蒲黄",
1099
+ "B": "地榆",
1100
+ "C": "大蓟",
1101
+ "D": "三七",
1102
+ "E": "白茅根"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "A",
1105
+ "reason": "三七,甘、温、微苦,归肝、胃经,有化止血,活血定痛的功效,用于各种内外出血证,尤以有瘀者为宜。本品既能止血又能散瘀,药效卓著,有止血而不留瘀,化瘀而不伤正的特点,还可用于跌打损伤,瘀滞疼痛。茜草,苦、寒,归肝经,有凉血化瘀止血,通经的功效,用于血热夹瘀的出血证,如吐血、衄血、尿血、崩漏、便血等。本品专人肝经血分,能凉血止血又能活血散瘀,用于血瘀经闭及跌打损伤,风湿痹痛等。蒲黄有化瘀止血,利尿的功效,用于各种内处出内证地检有凉内止面,解毒敛达的功效,可用治多种血热出血之证,尤宜于下焦之下血。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "细菌性痢疾的特征性表现为",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重脓血便",
1112
+ "B": "无发热、无腹痛、泻米泔水样大便",
1113
+ "C": "腹痛、五更泻、果酱状大便",
1114
+ "D": "发热、腹痛、水样便",
1115
+ "E": "发热、剧烈腹痛、洗肉水样便"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "A",
1118
+ "reason": "细菌性痢疾是志贺菌属(痢疾杆菌)引起的肠道传染病。临床表现主要有发冷、发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、排黏液脓血样大便。霍乱泻吐期多由突然腹泻开始,继而呕吐,一般无明显腹痛,无里急后重感。每日大便数次甚至难以计数,量多,每天2000~4000ml,严重者8000ml以上,初为黄水样,不久转为米泔水样便,少数患者有血性水样便或柏油样便,腹泻后出现喷射性呕吐,初为胃内容物,继而水样,米泔样。呕吐多不伴有恶心,喷射样,其内容物与大便性状相似。约15%的患者腹泻时不伴有呕吐。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "水肿风水相搏证治宜",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "宣肺解毒,利湿消肿",
1125
+ "B": "健脾温阳利水",
1126
+ "C": "活血祛瘀,化气行水",
1127
+ "D": "运脾化湿,通阳利水",
1128
+ "E": "疏风清热,宣肺行水"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "E",
1131
+ "reason": "水肿之风水相搏治法:疏风消热,宣肺行水。代表方:越婢加术汤加减。水肿之水湿浸渍治法:运脾化湿,通阳利水。代表方:五皮饮合胃苓汤加减"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "阴痒肝肾阴虚证的首选方是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
1138
+ "B": "蛇床子散",
1139
+ "C": "知柏地黄汤",
1140
+ "D": "丹栀逍遥散",
1141
+ "E": "托里消毒散"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "C",
1144
+ "reason": "阴痒肝肾阴虚证,主要证候:阴部癌痒难忍,干涩灼热,夜间加重,或会阴部肤色变浅白,皮肤粗糙,皲裂破溃;眩星耳鸣,五心烦热,烘热汗出,腰酸腿软,口干不欲饮;舌红苔少,脉细数无丸。治法:滋阴补肾,清肝止痒。方药:知柏地黄汤加当归、栀子、白鲜皮。阴痒肝经湿热证主要证候:阴部瘙痒难忍,坐卧不宁,外阴皮肤粗糙增厚,有抓痕,黏膜充血破溃或带下量多,色黄如脓,或呈泡沫米泔样,或灰白如凝乳,味腥臭;伴心烦易怒,胸胁满痛,口苦口腻,食欲不振,小便黄赤;舌体胖大,色红,苔黄腻,脉弦滑。治法:消热利湿,杀虫止痒。方药:龙胆泻肝汤或革称渗湿汤,外用蛇床子散。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "宜治疗下焦血热出血证的药物是",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "蒲黄",
1151
+ "B": "地榆",
1152
+ "C": "大蓟",
1153
+ "D": "三七",
1154
+ "E": "白茅根"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "B",
1157
+ "reason": "三七,甘、温、微苦,归肝、胃经,有化止血,活血定痛的功效,用于各种内外出血证,尤以有瘀者为宜。本品既能止血又能散瘀,药效卓著,有止血而不留瘀,化瘀而不伤正的特点,还可用于跌打损伤,瘀滞疼痛。茜草,苦、寒,归肝经,有凉血化瘀止血,通经的功效,用于血热夹瘀的出血证,如吐血、衄血、尿血、崩漏、便血等。本品专人肝经血分,能凉血止血又能活血散瘀,用于血瘀经闭及跌打损伤,风湿痹痛等。蒲黄有化瘀止血,利尿的功效,用于各种内处出内证地检有凉内止面,解毒敛达的功效,可用治多种血热出血之证,尤宜于下焦之下血。"
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "霍乱的特征���表现为",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重脓血便",
1164
+ "B": "无发热、无腹痛、泻米泔水样大便",
1165
+ "C": "腹痛、五更泻、果酱状大便",
1166
+ "D": "发热、腹痛、水样便",
1167
+ "E": "发热、剧烈腹痛、洗肉水样便"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "B",
1170
+ "reason": "细菌性痢疾是志贺菌属(痢疾杆菌)引起的肠道传染病。临床表现主要有发冷、发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、排黏液脓血样大便。霍乱泻吐期多由突然腹泻开始,继而呕吐,一般无明显腹痛,无里急后重感。每日大便数次甚至难以计数,量多,每天2000~4000ml,严重者8000ml以上,初为黄水样,不久转为米泔水样便,少数患者有血性水样便或柏油样便,腹泻后出现喷射性呕吐,初为胃内容物,继而水样,米泔样。呕吐多不伴有恶心,喷射样,其内容物与大便性状相似。约15%的患者腹泻时不伴有呕吐。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "水肿水湿浸渍证治宜",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "宣肺解毒,利湿消肿",
1177
+ "B": "健脾温阳利水",
1178
+ "C": "活血祛瘀,化气行水",
1179
+ "D": "运脾化湿,通阳利水",
1180
+ "E": "疏风清热,宣肺行水"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "D",
1183
+ "reason": "水肿之风水相搏治法:疏风消热,宣肺行水。代表方:越婢加术汤加减。水肿之水湿浸渍治法:运脾化湿,通阳利水。代表方:五皮饮合胃苓汤加减"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "阴痒肝经湿热证的外用首选方是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
1190
+ "B": "蛇床子散",
1191
+ "C": "知柏地黄汤",
1192
+ "D": "丹栀逍遥散",
1193
+ "E": "托里消毒散"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "B",
1196
+ "reason": "阴痒肝肾阴虚证,主要证候:阴部癌痒难忍,干涩灼热,夜间加重,或会阴部肤色变浅白,皮肤粗糙,皲裂破溃;眩星耳鸣,五心烦热,烘热汗出,腰酸腿软,口干不欲饮;舌红苔少,脉细数无丸。治法:滋阴补肾,清肝止痒。方药:知柏地黄汤加当归、栀子、白鲜皮。阴痒肝经湿热证主要证候:阴部瘙痒难忍,坐卧不宁,外阴皮肤粗糙增厚,有抓痕,黏膜充血破溃或带下量多,色黄如脓,或呈泡沫米泔样,或灰白如凝乳,味腥臭;伴心烦易怒,胸胁满痛,口苦口腻,食欲不振,小便黄赤;舌体胖大,色红,苔黄腻,脉弦滑。治法:消热利湿,杀虫止痒。方药:龙胆泻肝汤或革称渗湿汤,外用蛇床子散。"
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "既能凉血止血,又能清热利尿的药物",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "大蓟",
1203
+ "B": "白茅根",
1204
+ "C": "侧柏叶",
1205
+ "D": "地榆",
1206
+ "E": "三七"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "B",
1209
+ "reason": "白茅根功效:凉血止血,清热利尿。侧柏叶功效:凉血止血,化痰止咳,生发乌发。大蓟功效:凉血止血,散瘀解毒消痈。地榆功效:凉血止血,解毒敛疮。三七功效:散瘀止血,消肿定痛。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "提示正处于乙肝急性活动期的结果是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "HBsAg阳性",
1216
+ "B": "抗-HBs阳性",
1217
+ "C": "HBcAg阳性",
1218
+ "D": "抗-HBcIgM阳性",
1219
+ "E": "抗-HBe阳性"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "D",
1222
+ "reason": "抗-HBe阳性,说明大多数乙肝病毒的复制停止,随之病情也会由活动变为静止。抗-HBcIgM型是新近感染乙肝病毒的标志,抗-HBeIgM阳性提示正处于乙肝急性期或慢性乙肝急性发作。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "胃腕痛取内关、足三里,其配穴方法是",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "前后配穴",
1229
+ "B": "表里配穴",
1230
+ "C": "左右配穴",
1231
+ "D": "上下配穴",
1232
+ "E": "本经配穴"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "D",
1235
+ "reason": "上下配穴法是指将腰部以上或上肢腧穴和腰部以下或下肢腧穴配合应用的方法。内关是上肢腧穴、足三里是下肢腧穴;前后配穴法是指将人体前部和后部的腧穴配合应用的方法,主要指将胸腹部和背腰部的腧穴配合应用。中府是胸部的腧穴、肺俞是背部的脑穴"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "闭经气滞血瘀证的临床特点是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "月经停闭,形体肥胖,带多色白",
1242
+ "B": "月经延后、经量少、色淡质黏腻,渐至月经停闭",
1243
+ "C": "月经停闭,胸胁、乳房胀痛,精神抑郁,少腹胀痛拒按",
1244
+ "D": "月经停闭,头晕眼花,心悸气短",
1245
+ "E": "月经停闭,胸胁满闷,呕恶痰多"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "C",
1248
+ "reason": "闭经气潜血瘀证,主要证候:月经停闭不行,胸胁、乳房胀痛,精神抑郁,少腹胀痛拒按,烦躁易怒;舌紫暗,有瘀点,脉沉弦而涩。治法:理气活血,祛瘀通经。方药:血府逐瘀汤或膈下逐瘀汤。闭经痰湿阻滞证,主要证候:月经延后、经量少、色淡质黏腻,渐至月经停闭;伴形体肥胖,胸闷泛恶,神疲倦怠,纳少,痰多,或带下是多、色白;苔腻,脉滑。治法:健脾湿化痰,活血调经。方药:四君子汤合苍附导痰丸加当归、芎。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "既能凉血止血,又能化痰止咳,生发乌发的药物是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "大蓟",
1255
+ "B": "白茅根",
1256
+ "C": "侧柏叶",
1257
+ "D": "地榆",
1258
+ "E": "三七"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "C",
1261
+ "reason": "白茅根功效:凉血止血,清热利尿。侧柏叶功效:凉血止血,化痰止咳,生发乌发。大蓟功效:凉血止血,散瘀解毒消痈。地榆功效:凉血止血,解毒敛疮。三七功效:散瘀止血,消肿定痛。"
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "提示大多乙肝病毒停止复制的结果是",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "HBsAg阳性",
1268
+ "B": "抗-HBs阳性",
1269
+ "C": "HBcAg阳性",
1270
+ "D": "抗-HBcIgM阳性",
1271
+ "E": "抗-HBe阳性"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "E",
1274
+ "reason": "抗-HBe阳性,说明大多数乙肝病毒的复制停止,随之病情也会由活动变为静止。抗-HBcIgM型是新近感染乙肝病毒的标志,抗-HBeIgM阳性提示正处于乙肝急性期或慢性乙肝急性发作。"
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "肺病取中府、肺俞,其配穴方法是",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "前后配穴",
1281
+ "B": "表里配穴",
1282
+ "C": "左右配穴",
1283
+ "D": "上下配穴",
1284
+ "E": "本经配穴"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "A",
1287
+ "reason": "上下配穴法是指将腰部以上或上肢腧穴和腰部以下或下肢腧穴配合应用的方法。内关是上肢腧穴、足三里是下肢腧穴;前后配穴法是指将人体前部和后部的腧穴配合应用的方法,主要指将胸腹部和背腰部的腧穴配合应用。中府是胸部的腧穴、肺俞是背部的脑穴"
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "闭经痰湿阻滞证的临床特点是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "月经停闭,形体肥胖,带多色白",
1294
+ "B": "月经延后、经量少、色淡质黏腻,渐至月经停闭",
1295
+ "C": "月经停闭,胸胁、乳房胀痛,精神抑郁,少腹胀痛拒按",
1296
+ "D": "月经停闭,头晕眼花,心悸气短",
1297
+ "E": "月经停闭,胸胁满闷,呕恶痰多"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "B",
1300
+ "reason": "闭经气潜血瘀证,主要证候:月经停闭不行,胸胁、乳房胀痛,精神抑郁,少腹胀痛拒按,烦躁易怒;舌紫暗,有瘀点,脉沉弦而涩。治法:理气活血,祛瘀通经。方药:血府逐瘀汤或膈下逐瘀汤。闭经痰湿阻滞证,主要证候:月经延后、经量少、色淡质黏腻,渐至月经停闭;伴形体肥胖,胸闷泛恶,神疲倦怠,纳少,痰多,或带下是多、色白;苔腻,脉滑。治法:健脾湿化痰,活血调经。方药:四君子汤合苍附导痰丸加当归、芎。"
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "善消肉食积滞的药物是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "莱菔子",
1307
+ "B": "鸡内金",
1308
+ "C": "山楂",
1309
+ "D": "麦芽",
1310
+ "E": "神曲"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "C",
1313
+ "reason": "山楂功善消食化积能治各种饮食积滞,尤为消化油腻肉食积滞之要药。莱菔子主治食积气滞,尤善行气消胀。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "流行性乙型脑炎的主要传染源是",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "患者",
1320
+ "B": "患禽",
1321
+ "C": "患猪",
1322
+ "D": "蝙蝠",
1323
+ "E": "蚊虫"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "C",
1326
+ "reason": "乙脑的主要传染源是事猪,中间宿主有蝙蝠,蚊虫等,主要传播媒介为蚊虫。H7N9为禽流感,主要传染源为病禽,尚无明确人传人的证据。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "与阴维脉相通的穴是",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "内关",
1333
+ "B": "后溪",
1334
+ "C": "照海",
1335
+ "D": "外关",
1336
+ "E": "公孙"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "A",
1339
+ "reason": "奇经八脉与十二经脉之气相通的8个腧穴,称为八脉交会穴。“公孙冲脉胃心胸,内关阴维下总同。临泣胆经连带脉阳维目锐外关逢。后溪督脉内眦颈,申脉阳跷络亦通。列缺任脉行肺系,阴跷照海膈喉咙。”由此可知:与阴维脉相通的腧穴是内关;与阴跷脉相通的腧穴是照海”"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "实热证的脉象是",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "沉脉",
1346
+ "B": "细数脉",
1347
+ "C": "弦数脉",
1348
+ "D": "缓脉",
1349
+ "E": "迟脉"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "C",
1352
+ "reason": "弦数脉多见于肝郁化火或肝胆湿热,可见于实热证。细数脉多见于阴虚内热或血虚,属虚热证。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "善消食积气滞的药物是",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "莱菔子",
1359
+ "B": "鸡内金",
1360
+ "C": "山楂",
1361
+ "D": "麦芽",
1362
+ "E": "神曲"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "A",
1365
+ "reason": "山楂功善消食化积能治各种饮食积滞,尤为消化油腻肉食积滞之要药。莱菔子主治食积气滞,尤��行气消胀。"
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "H7N9的主要传染源是",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "患者",
1372
+ "B": "患禽",
1373
+ "C": "患猪",
1374
+ "D": "蝙蝠",
1375
+ "E": "蚊虫"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "B",
1378
+ "reason": "乙脑的主要传染源是事猪,中间宿主有蝙蝠,蚊虫等,主要传播媒介为蚊虫。H7N9为禽流感,主要传染源为病禽,尚无明确人传人的证据。"
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "与阴跷脉相通的穴是",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "内关",
1385
+ "B": "后溪",
1386
+ "C": "照海",
1387
+ "D": "外关",
1388
+ "E": "公孙"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "C",
1391
+ "reason": "奇经八脉与十二经脉之气相通的8个腧穴,称为八脉交会穴。“公孙冲脉胃心胸,内关阴维下总同。临泣胆经连带脉阳维目锐外关逢。后溪督脉内眦颈,申脉阳跷络亦通。列缺任脉行肺系,阴跷照海膈喉咙。”由此可知:与阴维脉相通的腧穴是内关;与阴跷脉相通的腧穴是照海”"
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "虚热证的脉象是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "沉脉",
1398
+ "B": "细数脉",
1399
+ "C": "弦数脉",
1400
+ "D": "缓脉",
1401
+ "E": "迟脉"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "B",
1404
+ "reason": "弦数脉多见于肝郁化火或肝胆湿热,可见于实热证。细数脉多见于阴虚内热或血虚,属虚热证。"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "咽部深红,肿痛明显多为",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "肺胃热盛",
1411
+ "B": "虚火上炎",
1412
+ "C": "脾胃湿热",
1413
+ "D": "风热痰火",
1414
+ "E": "痰湿凝聚"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "A",
1417
+ "reason": "望咽喉色泽:①咽部深红,肿痛明显属实热证,多因肺胃热毒壅盛所致;②咽部嫩红,肿痛不显属阴虚证,多由肾水亏少、阴虚火旺所致;③咽喉淡红没肿多属痰湿凝聚所致。"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "左心衰竭时最早出现和最重要的症状是",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "咳嗽",
1424
+ "B": "呼吸困难",
1425
+ "C": "下垂性凹陷性水肿",
1426
+ "D": "咯血",
1427
+ "E": "发绀"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "B",
1430
+ "reason": "左心衰竭指左心室代偿功能不全而发生的心力衰竭,以肺循环淤血及心排血量降低表现为主,呼吸困难是其最早和最重要的症状。右心衰竭主要见于肺源性心脏病及某些先天性心脏病,以体循环淤血为主要表现,身体最低垂部位的对称性可压陷性水肿是其典型体征。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "指切进针法适宜于",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "短针的进针",
1437
+ "B": "长针的进针",
1438
+ "C": "皮肤松弛部位穴的进针",
1439
+ "D": "皮肤紧张部位穴的进针",
1440
+ "E": "皮肉浅薄部位穴的进针"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "A",
1443
+ "reason": "指切进针法,又称爪切进针法,用押手拇指或食指端切按在腧穴位置的旁边,刺手持针,紧靠手指甲面将针刺入腧穴。本法适用于短针的进针。舒张进针法,用押手拇、食二指将腧穴部位的皮肤向两侧撑开,使皮肤绷紧,刺手持针,使针从押手拇、食二指的中间刺人。本法主要用于皮肤松弛部位腧穴。"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "患儿早产,出生后全身冰冷,肌肤板硬而肿,范围波及全身,气息微弱,其最可能的病因是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "胎禀阳虚",
1450
+ "B": "分娩损伤",
1451
+ "C": "感受热邪",
1452
+ "D": "感受寒邪",
1453
+ "E": "饮食生冷"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "A",
1456
+ "reason": "本病发病的内因为早产儿、多胎儿先天禀赋不足,阳气虚弱。小儿初生,特别是早产儿,若护养保暖不当,复感寒邪或感受他病,气血运行失常为发病之外因。亦有部分患儿由于感受温热之邪而发病。本病的病变脏腑在脾肾,阳气虚衰、寒凝血涩是本病的主要病机。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "咽喉淡红漫肿多为",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "肺胃热盛",
1463
+ "B": "虚火上炎",
1464
+ "C": "脾胃湿热",
1465
+ "D": "风热痰火",
1466
+ "E": "痰湿凝聚"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "E",
1469
+ "reason": "望咽喉色泽:①咽部深红,肿痛明显属实热证,多因肺胃热毒壅盛所致;②咽部嫩红,肿痛不显属阴虚证,多由肾水亏少、阴虚火旺所致;③咽喉淡红没肿多属痰湿凝聚所致。"
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "右心衰竭时典型的体征是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "咳嗽",
1476
+ "B": "呼吸困难",
1477
+ "C": "下垂性凹陷性水肿",
1478
+ "D": "咯血",
1479
+ "E": "发绀"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "C",
1482
+ "reason": "左心衰竭指左心室代偿功能不全而发生的心力衰竭,以肺循环淤血及心排血量降低表现为主,呼吸困难是其最早和最重要的症状。右心衰竭主要见于肺源性心脏病及某些先天性心脏病,以体循环淤血为主要表现,身体最低垂部位的��称性可压陷性水肿是其典型体征。"
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "舒张进针法适宜于",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "短针的进针",
1489
+ "B": "长针的进针",
1490
+ "C": "皮肤松弛部位穴的进针",
1491
+ "D": "皮肤紧张部位穴的进针",
1492
+ "E": "皮肉浅薄部位穴的进针"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "C",
1495
+ "reason": "指切进针法,又称爪切进针法,用押手拇指或食指端切按在腧穴位置的旁边,刺手持针,紧靠手指甲面将针刺入腧穴。本法适用于短针的进针。舒张进针法,用押手拇、食二指将腧穴部位的皮肤向两侧撑开,使皮肤绷紧,刺手持针,使针从押手拇、食二指的中间刺人。本法主要用于皮肤松弛部位腧穴。"
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "患儿难产,出生后全身欠温,臀部、小腿肌肤硬肿,颜色暗紫,指纹紫滞,其最可能的病因是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "胎禀阳虚",
1502
+ "B": "分娩损伤",
1503
+ "C": "感受热邪",
1504
+ "D": "感受寒邪",
1505
+ "E": "饮食生冷"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "D",
1508
+ "reason": "本病发病的内因为早产儿、多胎儿先天禀赋不足,阳气虚弱。小儿初生,特别是早产儿,若护养保暖不当,复感寒邪或感受他病,气血运行失常为发病之外因。亦有部分患儿由于感受温热之邪而发病。本病的病变脏腑在脾肾,阳气虚衰、寒凝血涩是本病的主要病机。"
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "阴虚动风证的表现是",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "两目上视,手足抽搐",
1515
+ "B": "肢体麻木,皮肤瘙痒",
1516
+ "C": "眩晕耳鸣,五心烦热",
1517
+ "D": "眩晕欲仆,头目胀痛",
1518
+ "E": "突然昏仆,口眼歪斜"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "C",
1521
+ "reason": "阴虚动风证临床表现:手足震颤、蠕动,或肢体抽搐,眩晕耳鸣,口燥咽干,形体消瘦,五心烦热,潮热颧红,舌红少津,脉弦细数。血虚生风证临床表现:眩晕,肢体震颤、麻木,手足拘急,肌肉容动,皮肤癌痒,爪甲不荣,面白无华,舌质淡白,脉细或弱。"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "对外界抵抗力最强的痢疾杆菌是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "痢疾志贺菌",
1528
+ "B": "福氏志贺菌",
1529
+ "C": "鲍氏志贺菌",
1530
+ "D": "宋氏志贺菌",
1531
+ "E": "舒氏志贺菌"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "D",
1534
+ "reason": "志贺菌在体外生存力较强,通常温度越低,志贺菌生存时间越长,其中,宋氏志贺菌抵抗力最强。四型志贺菌死亡后均可释放内毒素,痢疾志贺菌还可产生外毒素。志贺菌在体外生存力较强,通常温度越低,志贺菌生存时间越长,其中,宋氏志贺菌抵抗力最强。四型志贺菌死亡后均可释放内毒素,痢疾志贺菌还可产生外素。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "足临泣常用于治疗",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "痴呆、中风",
1541
+ "B": "心痛、胸闷",
1542
+ "C": "呕吐、咆逆",
1543
+ "D": "乳痈、",
1544
+ "E": "难产、胁痛"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "D",
1547
+ "reason": "足临泣,主治:①偏头痛、目赤肿痛、胁肋疼痛、足跗疼痛等痛证;②月经不调,乳痈;③瘰疬;④疟疾。悬钟,主治:①痴呆、中风、半身不遂等髓海不足疾患;②颈项强痛,胸胁满痛,下肢痹,脚气。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "按公式计算,10个月婴儿正常体重是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "8kg",
1554
+ "B": "16kg",
1555
+ "C": "8.5kg",
1556
+ "D": "20kg",
1557
+ "E": "22kg"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "C",
1560
+ "reason": "≤6个月,体重(kg)=出生时体重(kg)+0.7x月龄;7~12个月,体重(kg)=6+0.25x月龄;1岁以上,体重(kg)=8+2x年龄。"
1561
+ },
1562
+ {
1563
+ "question_num": 121,
1564
+ "query": "血虚生风证的表现是",
1565
+ "options": {
1566
+ "A": "两目上视,手足抽搐",
1567
+ "B": "肢体麻木,皮肤瘙痒",
1568
+ "C": "眩晕耳鸣,五心烦热",
1569
+ "D": "眩晕欲仆,头目胀痛",
1570
+ "E": "突然昏仆,口眼歪斜"
1571
+ },
1572
+ "answer": "B",
1573
+ "reason": "阴虚动风证临床表现:手足震颤、蠕动,或肢体抽搐,眩晕耳鸣,口燥咽干,形体消瘦,五心烦热,潮热颧红,舌红少津,脉弦细数。血虚生风证临床表现:眩晕,肢体震颤、麻木,手足拘急,肌肉容动,皮肤癌痒,爪甲不荣,面白无华,舌质淡白,脉细或弱。"
1574
+ },
1575
+ {
1576
+ "question_num": 122,
1577
+ "query": "能产生外毒素的痢疾杆菌是",
1578
+ "options": {
1579
+ "A": "痢疾志贺菌",
1580
+ "B": "福氏志贺菌",
1581
+ "C": "鲍氏志贺菌",
1582
+ "D": "宋氏志贺菌",
1583
+ "E": "舒氏志贺菌"
1584
+ },
1585
+ "answer": "A",
1586
+ "reason": "志贺菌在体外生存力较强,通常温度越低,志贺菌生存时间越长,其中,宋氏志贺菌抵抗力最强。四型志贺菌死亡后均可释放内毒素,痢疾志贺菌还可产生外毒素。志贺菌在体外生存力较强,通常温度越低,志贺菌生存时间越长,其中,宋氏志贺菌抵抗力最强。四型志贺菌死亡后均可释放内毒素,痢疾志贺菌还可产生外素。"
1587
+ },
1588
+ {
1589
+ "question_num": 123,
1590
+ "query": "悬钟常用于治疗",
1591
+ "options": {
1592
+ "A": "痴呆、中风",
1593
+ "B": "心痛、胸闷",
1594
+ "C": "呕吐、咆逆",
1595
+ "D": "乳痈、",
1596
+ "E": "难产、胁痛"
1597
+ },
1598
+ "answer": "A",
1599
+ "reason": "足临泣,主治:①偏头痛、目赤肿痛、胁肋疼痛、足跗疼痛等痛证;②月经不调,乳痈;③瘰疬;④疟疾。悬钟,主治:①痴呆、中风、半身不遂等髓海不足疾患;②颈项强痛,胸胁满痛,下肢痹,脚气。"
1600
+ },
1601
+ {
1602
+ "question_num": 124,
1603
+ "query": "按公式计算,6岁小儿正常体重是",
1604
+ "options": {
1605
+ "A": "8kg",
1606
+ "B": "16kg",
1607
+ "C": "8.5kg",
1608
+ "D": "20kg",
1609
+ "E": "22kg"
1610
+ },
1611
+ "answer": "D",
1612
+ "reason": "≤6个月,体重(kg)=出生时体重(kg)+0.7x月龄;7~12个月,体重(kg)=6+0.25x月龄;1岁以上,体重(kg)=8+2x年龄。"
1613
+ },
1614
+ {
1615
+ "question_num": 125,
1616
+ "query": "具有疏散风热、透疹功效的药物是",
1617
+ "options": {
1618
+ "A": "柴胡、葛根、升麻",
1619
+ "B": "薄荷、蝉蜕、牛蒡子",
1620
+ "C": "羌活、防风、本",
1621
+ "D": "白芷、苍耳子、辛夷",
1622
+ "E": "桑叶、菊花、蔓荆子"
1623
+ },
1624
+ "answer": "B",
1625
+ "reason": "荷功效:疏散风热清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气。牛蒡子功效:疏散风热,宣肺祛痰,利咽透疹,解毒散肿。蝉蜕功效:疏散风热,利咽开音,透疹,明目退翳,息风止痉。柴胡功效:解表退热,疏肝解郁,升举阳气,升麻功效:发表透疹,清热解毒,升举阳气。葛根功效:解肌退热,透疹,生津止渴,升阳止泻,通经活络,解酒。"
1626
+ },
1627
+ {
1628
+ "question_num": 126,
1629
+ "query": "涉及人类受试者医学研究的伦理准则是",
1630
+ "options": {
1631
+ "A": "突发公共卫生事件应急条例",
1632
+ "B": "人类辅助生殖技术和人类精子库伦理原则",
1633
+ "C": "吉汉宣言",
1634
+ "D": "中医药临床研究伦理审查管理规范",
1635
+ "E": "赫尔辛基宣言"
1636
+ },
1637
+ "answer": "E",
1638
+ "reason": "赫尔辛基宣言,涉及人类受试者医学研究的伦理准则:①必须保护受试者准则;②必须符合医学目的准则;③必须经受试者知情同意准则;④必须接受伦理审查准则。《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》:①总则;②预防与应急准备;③报告与信息发布;④应急处理;⑤法律责任;⑥附则。"
1639
+ },
1640
+ {
1641
+ "question_num": 127,
1642
+ "query": "治疗呕吐之寒邪客胃者,应选用",
1643
+ "options": {
1644
+ "A": "内关、中脘、足三里、上脘、胃俞",
1645
+ "B": "内关、中脘、足三里、合谷、金津",
1646
+ "C": "内关、中脘、足三里、脾俞、胃俞",
1647
+ "D": "内关、中脘、足三里、阳陵泉、太冲",
1648
+ "E": "内关、中脘、足三里、膻中、丰隆"
1649
+ },
1650
+ "answer": "A",
1651
+ "reason": "呕吐的处方,主穴:中脘、足三里、内关;配穴:寒邪客胃配上脘、胃俞;热邪内蕴配合谷、金津、玉液;饮食停滞配梁门天枢;肝气犯胃配期门、太冲;痰饮内停配丰隆、公孙;脾胃虚寒配脾俞、胃俞。"
1652
+ },
1653
+ {
1654
+ "question_num": 128,
1655
+ "query": "口疮风热乘脾证的首选方剂是",
1656
+ "options": {
1657
+ "A": "导赤散",
1658
+ "B": "泻黄散",
1659
+ "C": "六味地黄丸",
1660
+ "D": "泻心导赤散",
1661
+ "E": "银翘散"
1662
+ },
1663
+ "answer": "E",
1664
+ "reason": "口疮风热乘脾证证候:以口颊、上颚、齿龈、口角溃烂为主,甚则满口糜烂,周围黏膜嫩红,疼痛拒食,烦躁不安,口臭,涎多,小便短赤,大便秘结,或伴发热,舌红,苔游黄,脉浮数,指纹紫。治法:疏风散火,清热解毒。代表方剂:银翘散。口疮火上浮证证候:口腔溃疡或糜烂,周围色不红或微红,疼痛不甚,反复发作或迁延不愈,神疲颧红,口干不渴,舌红,苔少或花剥,脉细数,指纹淡紫。治法:滋阴降火,引火归原。代表方剂:六味地黄丸加肉桂。"
1665
+ },
1666
+ {
1667
+ "question_num": 129,
1668
+ "query": "具有解表升阳功效的药物是",
1669
+ "options": {
1670
+ "A": "柴胡、葛根、升麻",
1671
+ "B": "薄荷、蝉蜕、牛蒡子",
1672
+ "C": "羌活、防风、本",
1673
+ "D": "白芷、苍耳子、辛夷",
1674
+ "E": "桑叶、菊花、蔓荆子"
1675
+ },
1676
+ "answer": "A",
1677
+ "reason": "荷功效:疏散风热清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气。牛蒡子功效:疏散风热,宣肺祛痰,利咽透疹,解毒散肿。蝉蜕功效:疏散风热,利咽开音,透疹,明目退翳,息风止痉。柴胡功效:解表退热,疏肝解郁,升举阳气,升麻功效:发表透疹,清热解毒,升举阳气。葛根功效:解肌退热,透疹,生津止渴,升阳止泻,通经活络,解酒。"
1678
+ },
1679
+ {
1680
+ "question_num": 130,
1681
+ "query": "涉及预防与应急准备的是",
1682
+ "options": {
1683
+ "A": "突发公共卫生事件应急条例",
1684
+ "B": "人类辅助生殖技术和人类精子库伦理原则",
1685
+ "C": "吉汉宣言",
1686
+ "D": "中医药临床研究伦理审查管理规范",
1687
+ "E": "赫尔辛基宣言"
1688
+ },
1689
+ "answer": "A",
1690
+ "reason": "赫尔辛基宣言,涉及人类受试者医学研究的伦理准则:①必须保护受试者准则;②必须符合医学目的准则;③必须经受试者知情同意准则;④必须接受伦理审查准则。《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》:①总则;②预防与应急准备;③报告与信息发布;④应急处理;⑤法律责任;⑥附则。"
1691
+ },
1692
+ {
1693
+ "question_num": 131,
1694
+ "query": "治疗呕吐之脾胃虚寒证,应选用",
1695
+ "options": {
1696
+ "A": "内关、中脘、足三里、上脘、胃俞",
1697
+ "B": "内关、中脘、足三里、合谷、金津",
1698
+ "C": "内关、中脘、足三里、脾俞、胃俞",
1699
+ "D": "内关、中脘、足三里、阳陵泉、太冲",
1700
+ "E": "内关、中脘、足三里、膻中、丰隆"
1701
+ },
1702
+ "answer": "C",
1703
+ "reason": "呕吐的处方,主穴:中脘、足三里、内关;配穴:寒邪客胃配上脘、胃俞;热邪内蕴配合谷、金津、玉液;饮食停滞配梁门天枢;肝气犯胃配期门、太冲;痰饮内停配丰隆、公孙;脾胃虚寒配脾俞、胃俞。"
1704
+ },
1705
+ {
1706
+ "question_num": 132,
1707
+ "query": "口疮虚火上浮证的首选方剂是",
1708
+ "options": {
1709
+ "A": "导赤散",
1710
+ "B": "泻黄散",
1711
+ "C": "六味地黄丸",
1712
+ "D": "泻心导赤散",
1713
+ "E": "银翘散"
1714
+ },
1715
+ "answer": "C",
1716
+ "reason": "口疮风热乘脾证证候:以口颊、上颚、齿龈、口角溃烂为主,甚则满口糜烂,周围黏膜嫩红,疼痛拒食,烦躁不安,口臭,涎多,小便短赤,大便秘结,或伴发热,舌红,苔游黄,脉浮数,指纹紫。治法:疏风散火,清热解毒。代表方剂:银翘散。口疮火上浮证证候:口腔溃疡或糜烂,周围色不红或微红,疼痛不甚,反复发作或迁延不愈,神疲颧红,口干不渴,舌红,苔少或花剥,脉细数,指纹淡紫。治法:滋阴降火,引火归原。代表方剂:六味地黄丸加肉桂。"
1717
+ },
1718
+ {
1719
+ "question_num": 133,
1720
+ "query": "主瘀血证的面色为",
1721
+ "options": {
1722
+ "A": "青色、赤色",
1723
+ "B": "青色、黑色",
1724
+ "C": "黄色、黑色",
1725
+ "D": "赤色、黑色",
1726
+ "E": "赤色、白色"
1727
+ },
1728
+ "answer": "B",
1729
+ "reason": "黑色主肾虚、寒证、水饮、瘀血、剧痛。青色主寒证、气滞、血瘀、疼痛和惊风。黄色主虚证、湿证。黄为脾虚、湿蕴的征象,故脾失健运,而气血不充,或水湿不化者,面即常见黄色。"
1730
+ },
1731
+ {
1732
+ "question_num": 134,
1733
+ "query": "生命的主要质量是",
1734
+ "options": {
1735
+ "A": "区别健全人与不健全人的标准",
1736
+ "B": "生理及生存的最基本需要",
1737
+ "C": "个体的心理和身体是否健康",
1738
+ "D": "个体的体能和智能状态",
1739
+ "E": "生命的意义和目的,与其他人在社会和道德上的相互作用"
1740
+ },
1741
+ "answer": "D",
1742
+ "reason": "DE生命质量论认为生命质量分为主要质量(个体的体能和智能状态)、根本质量(生命的意义和目的,与其他人在社会和道德上的相互作用)和操作质量(智商等用于测量的质量)。"
1743
+ },
1744
+ {
1745
+ "question_num": 135,
1746
+ "query": "针灸治疗崩漏实证应选取",
1747
+ "options": {
1748
+ "A": "三阴交、足三里、气海、肾俞",
1749
+ "B": "三阴交、肝俞、气海",
1750
+ "C": "隐白、血海、阴陵泉、关元",
1751
+ "D": "关元、隐白、三阴交",
1752
+ "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海、中极"
1753
+ },
1754
+ "answer": "D",
1755
+ "reason": "崩漏的针灸处方,实证主穴关元、三阴交、隐白,虚证主穴气海、三阴交、肾俞、足三里。"
1756
+ },
1757
+ {
1758
+ "question_num": 136,
1759
+ "query": "厌食脾胃气虚证证见",
1760
+ "options": {
1761
+ "A": "厌恶进食,多食饱胀,精神尚可",
1762
+ "B": "不欲饮食,脘腹胀满,烦躁多啼",
1763
+ "C": "不思进食,食而不化,形瘦肢倦",
1764
+ "D": "不思进食,食少饮多,便干烦躁",
1765
+ "E": "食欲不振,大便稀溏,完谷不化"
1766
+ },
1767
+ "answer": "C",
1768
+ "reason": "厌食脾胃气虚证证候:不思进食,食而不化,大便溏游夹不消化食物,面色少华。形体偏瘦,肢倦乏力,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉缓无力。治法:脾益气,佐以助运。代表方剂:异功散、参苓白术散。厌食脾胃阴虚证证候:不思进食,食少饮多,皮肤失润,大便偏干,小便短黄,甚或烦躁少寐,手足心热,舌红少津苔少或花剥,脉细数。治法:滋脾养胃,佐以助运。代表方剂:养胃增液汤、益胃汤。"
1769
+ },
1770
+ {
1771
+ "question_num": 137,
1772
+ "query": "主水湿内停证的面色为",
1773
+ "options": {
1774
+ "A": "青色、赤色",
1775
+ "B": "青色、黑色",
1776
+ "C": "黄色、黑色",
1777
+ "D": "赤色、黑色",
1778
+ "E": "赤色、白色"
1779
+ },
1780
+ "answer": "C",
1781
+ "reason": "黑色主肾虚、寒证、水饮、瘀血、剧痛。青色主寒证、气滞、血瘀、疼痛和惊风。黄色主虚证、湿���。黄为脾虚、湿蕴的征象,故脾失健运,而气血不充,或水湿不化者,面即常见黄色。"
1782
+ },
1783
+ {
1784
+ "question_num": 138,
1785
+ "query": "生命的根本质量是",
1786
+ "options": {
1787
+ "A": "区别健全人与不健全人的标准",
1788
+ "B": "生理及生存的最基本需要",
1789
+ "C": "个体的心理和身体是否健康",
1790
+ "D": "个体的体能和智能状态",
1791
+ "E": "生命的意义和目的,与其他人在社会和道德上的相互作用"
1792
+ },
1793
+ "answer": "E",
1794
+ "reason": "DE生命质量论认为生命质量分为主要质量(个体的体能和智能状态)、根本质量(生命的意义和目的,与其他人在社会和道德上的相互作用)和操作质量(智商等用于测量的质量)。"
1795
+ },
1796
+ {
1797
+ "question_num": 139,
1798
+ "query": "针灸治疗崩漏虚证应选取",
1799
+ "options": {
1800
+ "A": "三阴交、足三里、气海、肾俞",
1801
+ "B": "三阴交、肝俞、气海",
1802
+ "C": "隐白、血海、阴陵泉、关元",
1803
+ "D": "关元、隐白、三阴交",
1804
+ "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海、中极"
1805
+ },
1806
+ "answer": "A",
1807
+ "reason": "崩漏的针灸处方,实证主穴关元、三阴交、隐白,虚证主穴气海、三阴交、肾俞、足三里。"
1808
+ },
1809
+ {
1810
+ "question_num": 140,
1811
+ "query": "厌食脾胃阴虚证证见",
1812
+ "options": {
1813
+ "A": "厌恶进食,多食饱胀,精神尚可",
1814
+ "B": "不欲饮食,脘腹胀满,烦躁多啼",
1815
+ "C": "不思进食,食而不化,形瘦肢倦",
1816
+ "D": "不思进食,食少饮多,便干烦躁",
1817
+ "E": "食欲不振,大便稀溏,完谷不化"
1818
+ },
1819
+ "answer": "D",
1820
+ "reason": "厌食脾胃气虚证证候:不思进食,食而不化,大便溏游夹不消化食物,面色少华。形体偏瘦,肢倦乏力,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉缓无力。治法:脾益气,佐以助运。代表方剂:异功散、参苓白术散。厌食脾胃阴虚证证候:不思进食,食少饮多,皮肤失润,大便偏干,小便短黄,甚或烦躁少寐,手足心热,舌红少津苔少或花剥,脉细数。治法:滋脾养胃,佐以助运。代表方剂:养胃增液汤、益胃汤。"
1821
+ }
1822
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1562 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "宗气的分布是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "上出息道,下走气街",
7
+ "B": "熏于肓膜,散于胸腹",
8
+ "C": "通过三焦,流行全身",
9
+ "D": "上荣头目,达于周身",
10
+ "E": "与血同行,环周不休"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": ""
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "1型糖尿病患者治疗应选用",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "小剂量胰岛素及大量输液",
20
+ "B": "大剂量胰岛素及大量输液",
21
+ "C": "单纯饮食控制",
22
+ "D": "服降血糖药",
23
+ "E": "饮食治疗+胰岛素"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "E",
26
+ "reason": "对1型糖尿病患者,在合适的总热量、食物成分、规则的餐次安排等措施基础上,配合胰岛素治疗有利于控制高血糖和防止低血糖。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "治疗冷哮发作期,应首选()",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "桑白皮汤",
33
+ "B": "麻杏石甘汤",
34
+ "C": "苏子降气汤",
35
+ "D": "射干麻黄汤",
36
+ "E": "泻白散"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "D",
39
+ "reason": "治疗冷哮发作期,应首选射干麻黄汤。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "其病因属感受特殊之毒的是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "红丝疔",
46
+ "B": "失荣",
47
+ "C": "漆疮",
48
+ "D": "水火烫伤",
49
+ "E": "酒渣鼻"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "C",
52
+ "reason": "特殊之毒包括虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、漆毒、药毒、食物毒和疫毒、无名毒。某些人由于禀性不耐,接触生漆后而发漆疮。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "卫气的分布是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "上出息道,下走气街",
59
+ "B": "熏于肓膜,散于胸腹",
60
+ "C": "通过三焦,流行全身",
61
+ "D": "上荣头目,达于周身",
62
+ "E": "与血同行,环周不休"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "B",
65
+ "reason": "宗气的分布是上出息道,下走气街;卫气的分布是熏于肓膜,散于胸腹。通过三焦,流行全身是元气的分布;与血同行,环周不休是营气的分布。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "初诊2型糖尿病轻症患者治疗可选用",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "小剂量胰岛素及大量输液",
72
+ "B": "大剂量胰岛素及大量输液",
73
+ "C": "单纯饮食控制",
74
+ "D": "服降血糖药",
75
+ "E": "饮食治疗+胰岛素"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "C",
78
+ "reason": "初诊2型糖尿病轻症患者,尤其是肥胖或超重者,医学营养治疗有利于减轻体重,改善糖、脂代谢紊乱和高血压以及减少降糖药物剂量。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "治疗喘证痰热郁肺证,应首选()",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "桑白皮汤",
85
+ "B": "麻杏石甘汤",
86
+ "C": "苏子降气汤",
87
+ "D": "射干麻黄汤",
88
+ "E": "泻白散"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "A",
91
+ "reason": "喘证痰热郁肺,应用清泄痰热的桑白皮汤。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "其病因属外来伤害的是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "红丝疔",
98
+ "B": "失荣",
99
+ "C": "漆疮",
100
+ "D": "水火烫伤",
101
+ "E": "酒渣鼻"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "D",
104
+ "reason": "凡跌打损伤、沸水、火焰、冷冻等,都可直接伤害人体,属于外来伤害。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "称为“十二经脉之海”的是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "冲脉",
111
+ "B": "任脉",
112
+ "C": "督脉",
113
+ "D": "带脉",
114
+ "E": "阴阳维脉"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "A",
117
+ "reason": ""
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "肾盂肾炎时常可出现的是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "白细胞管型",
124
+ "B": "蜡样管型",
125
+ "C": "脂肪管型",
126
+ "D": "红细胞管型",
127
+ "E": "颗粒管型"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "A",
130
+ "reason": ""
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "正疟的寒热特征是()",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "热少寒多",
137
+ "B": "热多寒少",
138
+ "C": "先寒后热,寒热相当",
139
+ "D": "热甚寒微,甚至壮热不寒",
140
+ "E": "寒甚热微,甚至但寒不热"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "C",
143
+ "reason": ""
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "经间期出血量少,色紫黑,有小血块,少腹胀痛。治疗应首选",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "知柏地黄汤",
150
+ "B": "清肝止淋汤",
151
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
152
+ "D": "解毒活血汤",
153
+ "E": "逐瘀止血汤"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "E",
156
+ "reason": ""
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "具有约束纵行诸经功能的是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "冲脉",
163
+ "B": "任脉",
164
+ "C": "督脉",
165
+ "D": "带脉",
166
+ "E": "阴阳维脉"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "D",
169
+ "reason": "冲脉调节十二经气血。“冲”,有要冲、要道之意。冲脉上行至头,下行至足,后行于背,前布于胸腹,贯穿全身,成为总���诸经气血的要冲,并能调节十二经气血。当脏腑经络气血有余时,冲脉能够加以含蓄:当脏腑经络气血不足时,冲脉可以给予灌注和补充,从而调节和维持脏腑组织器官的正常生理功能活动,故有“十二经脉之海”“五脏六腑之海”之称。带脉的生理功能为约束纵行诸经。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "慢性肾衰时常可出现的是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "白细胞管型",
176
+ "B": "蜡样管型",
177
+ "C": "脂肪管型",
178
+ "D": "红细胞管型",
179
+ "E": "颗粒管型"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "B",
182
+ "reason": "白细胞管型常见于肾孟肾炎。肾上皮细胞管型可见于急性肾小管坏死、肾淀粉样变性、急性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾炎、肾病综合征、肾移植后排斥反应、金属及其他化学物质的中毒。透明管型较细,为无色透明内部不含颗粒的圆柱状体。正常人晨尿(要有足够的时间形成管型)中可有透明管型出现,常见于肾炎、肾淤血,发热性疾病等。蜡样管型:由肾小管中长期停留的颗粒管型、细胞管型变性或直接由淀粉样变性上皮细胞溶解后形成,提示严重的肾小管坏死,预后不良。也见于肾小球肾炎晚期、肾衰竭、肾淀粉样变性。红细胞管型常见于急性肾炎。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "热瘴的寒热特征是()",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "热少寒多",
189
+ "B": "热多寒少",
190
+ "C": "先寒后热,寒热相当",
191
+ "D": "热甚寒微,甚至壮热不寒",
192
+ "E": "寒甚热微,甚至但寒不热"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "D",
195
+ "reason": "正疟证候:发作证状比较典型,常先有呵欠乏力,继则赛战鼓颌,寒罢则内外皆热,头痛面赤,口渴引饮,终则遍身汗出,热退身凉,每日或间一两日发作一次,寒热休作有时,舌质红,苔薄白或黄腻,脉弦。热瘴证候:热甚寒微,或壮热不寒,头痛,肢体烦疼,面红目赤,胸闷呕吐,烦渴饮冷,大便秘结,小便热赤,甚至神昏谵语,舌质红绛,苔黄腻或垢黑,脉洪数或弦数。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "经间期出血量少,色红质黏膩,胸闷烦躁。治疗应首选",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "知柏地黄汤",
202
+ "B": "清肝止淋汤",
203
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
204
+ "D": "解毒活血汤",
205
+ "E": "逐瘀止血汤"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "B",
208
+ "reason": "“色紫黑,有小血块,少腹胀痛”为血瘀证典型表现。“色红质黏腻,胸闷,烦躁”为湿热证典型表现。经间期出血之血瘀证,治以化瘀止血,代表方为逐瘀止血汤。经间期出血之湿热证,治以清利湿热,固冲止血,代表方为清肝止淋汤(去阿胶、红枣,加小蓟、茯苓)。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "患者疼痛沿膀胱经放散,其疼痛部位在",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
215
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
216
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
217
+ "D": "上肢外侧中线",
218
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "A",
221
+ "reason": ""
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒可见",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "潮式呼吸",
228
+ "B": "叹息样呼吸",
229
+ "C": "库斯莫尔呼吸",
230
+ "D": "比奥呼吸",
231
+ "E": "抽泣样呼吸"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "C",
234
+ "reason": ""
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "胸痹气阴两虚证,其临床特点是()",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚",
241
+ "B": "胸闷隐痛,时作时止",
242
+ "C": "胸闷如窒,气短喘促",
243
+ "D": "胸闷气短,畏寒肢冷",
244
+ "E": "胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": ""
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "寻疣的外治,应选用",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "推疣法",
254
+ "B": "浸渍法",
255
+ "C": "针挑法",
256
+ "D": "挖除法",
257
+ "E": "结扎法"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "A",
260
+ "reason": ""
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放散其疼痛部位在",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
267
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
268
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
269
+ "D": "上肢外侧中线",
270
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "E",
273
+ "reason": "下肢外侧后缘为足太阳膀胱经:上肢内侧中线为手厥阴心包经;下肢外侧前缘为足阳明胃经:上肢外侧中线为手少阳三焦经;上肢内侧后缘为手少阴心经。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "尿毒症可见",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "潮式呼吸",
280
+ "B": "叹息样呼吸",
281
+ "C": "库斯莫尔呼吸",
282
+ "D": "比奥呼吸",
283
+ "E": "抽泣样呼吸"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "C",
286
+ "reason": "潮式呼吸见于中枢神经系统疾病,如脑干损伤、脑膜炎等;叹息样呼吸多为功能性改变,见于神经衰弱��精神紧张或抑郁症;库斯莫尔呼吸见于代谢性酸中毒;比奥呼吸常见于颅内压增高、药物引起呼吸抑制、大脑损害等;抽泣样呼吸为中枢性呼吸衰竭的表现。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "胸痹阴寒凝滞证,其临床特点是()",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚",
293
+ "B": "胸闷隐痛,时作时止",
294
+ "C": "胸闷如窒,气短喘促",
295
+ "D": "胸闷气短,畏寒肢冷",
296
+ "E": "胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "E",
299
+ "reason": "胸痹气阴两虚证.可见胸闷隐痛,时作时止;胸痹阴寒凝滞证,可见胸痛彻背,感察痛甚。先辨虚实,再辨寒热。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "传染性软疣的外治,应选用",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "推疣法",
306
+ "B": "浸渍法",
307
+ "C": "针挑法",
308
+ "D": "挖除法",
309
+ "E": "结扎法"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "C",
312
+ "reason": "推疣法用于治疗头大蒂小,明显高出皮面的疣,主要针对寻常疣的外治。传染性软疣主要用敷贴法和挑刺法。跖疣主要用挖除法、外敷法、电灼法;丝状疣主要用结扎法。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "患者因受精神刺激而致食减纳呆,便溏,其病机是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "怒则气上",
319
+ "B": "悲则气消",
320
+ "C": "喜则气缓",
321
+ "D": "思则气结",
322
+ "E": "恐则气下"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "D",
325
+ "reason": ""
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "流行性出血热患者,出现酒醉面容是哪期",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "发热期",
332
+ "B": "低血压期",
333
+ "C": "少尿期",
334
+ "D": "多尿期",
335
+ "E": "恢复期"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "A",
338
+ "reason": ""
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "治疗失眠,常取照海穴用()",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "针刺补法",
345
+ "B": "针刺泻法",
346
+ "C": "平补平泻",
347
+ "D": "温和灸",
348
+ "E": "点刺出血"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "A",
351
+ "reason": ""
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "梅毒的疳疮(硬下疳)在不洁性交后出现的时间是",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "1周左右",
358
+ "B": "3周左右",
359
+ "C": "5周左右",
360
+ "D": "8周左右",
361
+ "E": "10周左右"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "B",
364
+ "reason": "一期梅毒主要表现为疳疮(硬下疳),发生于不洁性交后2~4周。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "患者因受精神刺激而气逆喘息,面红目赤,呕血,昏厥猝倒,其病机是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "怒则气上",
371
+ "B": "悲则气消",
372
+ "C": "喜则气缓",
373
+ "D": "思则气结",
374
+ "E": "恐则气下"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "恐则气下是指大惊卒恐,则导致气机下陷,出现肾气受伤的一系列病证,如二便失禁,遗精滑泄等;怒则气上,指郁怒、暴怒可致肝气上逆或肝阳上亢。出现头痛头晕,面红目赤甚至呕血等症。悲则气消是情志悲哀,使人神情挫折,意气消沉;思则气结,气结,指脾气郁结。脾主运化,忧思过度,则脾气郁结,运化失常,出现胸脘痞满,食减纳呆,大便溏泄等症状。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "流行性出血热患者,出现全身中毒症状是哪期",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "发热期",
384
+ "B": "低血压期",
385
+ "C": "少尿期",
386
+ "D": "多尿期",
387
+ "E": "恢复期"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "A",
390
+ "reason": "流行性出血热是由汉坦病毒引起的急性、地方性、自然疫源性传染病,病情危急,并发症多,病死率高,其主要病理变化是全身广泛性的小血管和毛细血管的损害。临床上以发热、出血、肾脏损害为三大主症,典型病例表现为五期经过,即发热期、低血压休克期、少尿期、多尿期和恢复期。①发热期:主要表现为全身感染中毒症状和小血管中毒性损害的表现,骤然畏寒、高热,体温在1~2日内可达39~40℃,热型以弛张热及稽留热为多,一般持续5~7日,特征性表现为头痛、腰痛、眼眶痛,称为“三痛”,颜面、颈部及上胸部潮红,称为“三红征”,似酒醉貌;②低血压休克期:主要为中毒性失血浆性低血容量休克的表现,一般在发热4~6日,热退病情反而加重是本期的特点,体温开始下降时或退热后不久,患者出现低血压,重者发生休克,可合并DIC、心力衰竭、水电解质平衡失调且常因心肾衰竭造成死亡,此期也可不明显而迅速进人少尿或多尿期;③少尿期:主要临床表现为氮质血症,水电解质平衡失调;④多尿期:肾脏组织损害逐渐修复,但由于肾小管重吸收功能尚未完全恢复,以致尿量显著增多,24小时尿量达3000ml为多尿,多尿4000~10000ml以上;⑤恢复期:随者肾功能的逐渐恢复,尿量减至3000ml以下时,即进入恢复��。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "治疗失眠,常取申脉穴用()",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "针刺补法",
397
+ "B": "针刺泻法",
398
+ "C": "平补平泻",
399
+ "D": "温和灸",
400
+ "E": "点刺出血"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "不寐基本刺灸方法:毫针平补平泻,照海用补法,申脉用泻法。配穴则虚补实泻,心胆气虚者可配合灸法。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "梅毒的杨梅疮在感染后出现的时间",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "1周左右",
410
+ "B": "3周左右",
411
+ "C": "5周左右",
412
+ "D": "8周左右",
413
+ "E": "10周左右"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "D",
416
+ "reason": "二期梅毒杨梅疮一般发生在感染后7~10周或硬下疳出现后6~8周。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "被誉为“脾脏补气健脾第一要药”的药物是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "太子参",
423
+ "B": "西洋参",
424
+ "C": "甘草",
425
+ "D": "白术",
426
+ "E": "山药"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "D",
429
+ "reason": ""
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "经皮肤吸收的急性有机磷杀虫药中毒,中毒症状出现的时间是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "1、4分钟",
436
+ "B": "10一120分钟",
437
+ "C": "14、24分钟",
438
+ "D": "24~48小时",
439
+ "E": "2~6小时"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "E",
442
+ "reason": ""
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "自觉咽中如物梗阻,吐之不出,吞之不下,但不妨碍进食的病证是()",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "反胃",
449
+ "B": "噎膈",
450
+ "C": "噫气",
451
+ "D": "呃逆",
452
+ "E": "梅核气"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "E",
455
+ "reason": ""
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "治疗油风气滞血瘀证,应首选方剂是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
462
+ "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
463
+ "C": "通窍活血汤",
464
+ "D": "六味地黄丸",
465
+ "E": "七宝美髯丹"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "C",
468
+ "reason": ""
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "能“助参芪成气虚之功”的药物是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "太子参",
475
+ "B": "西洋参",
476
+ "C": "甘草",
477
+ "D": "白术",
478
+ "E": "山药"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "C",
481
+ "reason": "白术:甘苦性温:主归脾胃经,以燥湿健脾为主要作用,被前人誉为\"脾脏补气健脾第一要药”。甘草:味甘,善人中焦,具补益脾气之功:作用缓和,宜作为辅助用药,能“助参芪成气虚之功”。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "口服有机磷杀虫药,中毒症状出现的时间是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "1、4分钟",
488
+ "B": "10一120分钟",
489
+ "C": "14、24分钟",
490
+ "D": "24~48小时",
491
+ "E": "2~6小时"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "B",
494
+ "reason": "接触有机磷杀虫药后至发病,有一定的潜伏期,经口服中毒一般于10~120分钟出现症状;经皮肤黏膜吸收中毒,多数在接触后2小时以上出现症状。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "吞咽时哽咽不顺,饮食不下,或食入即吐的病证是()",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "反胃",
501
+ "B": "噎膈",
502
+ "C": "噫气",
503
+ "D": "呃逆",
504
+ "E": "梅核气"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "B",
507
+ "reason": "反胃是脾胃虚寒,胃中无火,食入不化,表现为饮食入胃后,良久尽吐而出。噎膈是痰、气、血有形之邪痰阻食道。噫气是骨气上逆,声音沉缓而长,多伴酸腐气味,食后多发。呃逆是骨气上逆动膈,声短而频,不能自制。梅核气也表现为咽中如物梗阻,但是辫气交阻,无有形之物,食物可以咽下。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "治疗油风肝肾不足证,应首选方剂是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
514
+ "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
515
+ "C": "通窍活血汤",
516
+ "D": "六味地黄丸",
517
+ "E": "七宝美髯丹"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "E",
520
+ "reason": "油风气滞血瘀证治法:通窍活血,祛淤生发。代表方:通窃活血汤加减。油风肝肾不足证治法:滋补肝肾。代表方:七宝美髯丹加减。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "被誉为“治痢要药”的药物是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "连翘",
527
+ "B": "白头翁",
528
+ "C": "土茯苓",
529
+ "D": "蒲公英",
530
+ "E": "板蓝根"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "B",
533
+ "reason": "白头翁清热解毒,凉血止痢,被誉为“治痢要药”。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸,可见",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "Murphy(墨菲征)阳性",
540
+ "B": "麦氏点压痛",
541
+ "C": "Courvoisier(库瓦济埃征)阳性",
542
+ "D": "Courvoisier(库瓦济埃征)阴性",
543
+ "E": "板状腹"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": ""
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "外踝尖上5寸,腓骨的前缘是()",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "光明",
553
+ "B": "绝骨",
554
+ "C": "蠡沟",
555
+ "D": "复溜",
556
+ "E": "阳辅"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "A",
559
+ "reason": ""
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "治疗经间期出血脾气虚证,应首选",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "归脾汤",
566
+ "B": "逐瘀止血汤",
567
+ "C": "清肝止淋汤",
568
+ "D": "清热固经汤",
569
+ "E": "燥湿化痰汤"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": "治疗经期出血脾气虚证,应首选归脾汤。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "被誉为“疮家圣药”的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "连翘",
579
+ "B": "白头翁",
580
+ "C": "土茯苓",
581
+ "D": "蒲公英",
582
+ "E": "板蓝根"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "A",
585
+ "reason": "连翘清热解毒,消肿散结,疏散风热,常用于痈肿疮毒,瘰疬痰核,故有“疮家圣药”之称。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "急性胆囊炎,可见",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "Murphy(墨菲征)阳性",
592
+ "B": "麦氏点压痛",
593
+ "C": "Courvoisier(库瓦济埃征)阳性",
594
+ "D": "Courvoisier(库瓦济埃征)阴性",
595
+ "E": "板状腹"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "A",
598
+ "reason": "Murphy(墨菲征)阳性可见急性胆囊炎。麦氏点压痛多见于急性阑尾炎。Courvoisier(库瓦济埃征)阳性见于胰腺肿瘤或胰腺囊肿,胆管下端癌时,因胆总管阻塞,使黄疸明显加深,肝和胆囊因胆汁淤积而肿大,胆囊常可触及,但无压痛。板状腹见于腹膜炎。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "内踝尖上5寸,胫骨内侧面中央是()",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "光明",
605
+ "B": "绝骨",
606
+ "C": "蠡沟",
607
+ "D": "复溜",
608
+ "E": "阳辅"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "C",
611
+ "reason": "光明位于外踝尖上5寸,蠡沟位于内踝尖上5寸,绝骨(悬钟)位于外踝尖上3寸,复溜位于太溪穴上2寸,阳辅位于外踝尖上4寸。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "治疗经间期出血湿热证,应首选",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "归脾汤",
618
+ "B": "逐瘀止血汤",
619
+ "C": "清肝止淋汤",
620
+ "D": "清热固经汤",
621
+ "E": "燥湿化痰汤"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "C",
624
+ "reason": "治疗经间期出血湿热证,应首选消肝止淋汤。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "豨莶草具有的功效是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "化湿和胃",
631
+ "B": "凉血消肿",
632
+ "C": "活血止痛",
633
+ "D": "清热解毒",
634
+ "E": "清退虚热"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "D",
637
+ "reason": "豨莶草袪风湿,利关节,解毒。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "典型二尖瓣面容的特点是",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "眼裂增大,眼球突出,目光闪烁,呈惊恐貌",
644
+ "B": "面色潮红,兴奋不安,口唇干燥",
645
+ "C": "双颊暗红,口唇紫绀",
646
+ "D": "表情淡漠,反应迟钝,呈无欲状态",
647
+ "E": "面色苍白,颜面浮肿"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "C",
650
+ "reason": "二尖瓣面容可见面色晦暗,双颊紫红,口唇轻度紫绀。见于风湿性心瓣膜病、二尖瓣狭窄。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "治疗消渴中消证,应首选()",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "六味地黄丸",
657
+ "B": "玉女煎",
658
+ "C": "左归丸",
659
+ "D": "沙参麦冬汤",
660
+ "E": "麦门冬汤"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "B",
663
+ "reason": "消渴中消证见多食易饥,胃热炽盛,故用玉女煎清胃泻火,养阴增液。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "育龄期崩漏,多属",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "气血虚弱",
670
+ "B": "肾虚肝郁",
671
+ "C": "脾肾亏损",
672
+ "D": "肝郁血热",
673
+ "E": "肝郁脾虚"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": "育龄期妇女与肝肾密切相关,故致病多以肝肾为主。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "络石藤具有的功效是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "化湿和胃",
683
+ "B": "凉血消肿",
684
+ "C": "活血止痛",
685
+ "D": "清热解毒",
686
+ "E": "清退虚热"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "B",
689
+ "reason": "络石藤祛风通络,凉血消肿,"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "典型伤寒面容的特点是",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "眼裂增大,眼球突出,目光闪烁,呈惊恐貌",
696
+ "B": "面色潮红,兴奋不安,口唇干燥",
697
+ "C": "双颊暗红,口唇紫绀",
698
+ "D": "表情淡漠,反应迟钝,呈无欲状态",
699
+ "E": "面色苍白,颜面浮肿"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "D",
702
+ "reason": "伤寒面容可见表情淡漠,反应迟钝,呈无欲状态。见于伤寒、脑脊髓膜炎、脑炎等高热衰弱患者。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "治疗虚劳肺阴虚证,应首选()",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "六味地黄丸",
709
+ "B": "玉女煎",
710
+ "C": "左归丸",
711
+ "D": "沙参麦冬汤",
712
+ "E": "麦门冬汤"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "D",
715
+ "reason": "虚劳肺阴虚证见干咳,咽燥,用沙参麦冬汤养阴润肺。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "围绝经期崩漏,多属",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "气血虚弱",
722
+ "B": "肾虚肝郁",
723
+ "C": "脾肾亏损",
724
+ "D": "肝郁血热",
725
+ "E": "肝郁脾虚"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "围绝经期妇女脾肾功能开始衰退,故致病多以脾肾亏虚为主。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "既能活血消肿,又能解郁安神的药物是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "合欢皮",
735
+ "B": "酸枣仁",
736
+ "C": "远志",
737
+ "D": "琥珀",
738
+ "E": "磁石"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "A",
741
+ "reason": ""
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "胃癌出现淋巴结转移常见的部位是",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "颈部",
748
+ "B": "左锁骨上窝",
749
+ "C": "右锁骨上窝",
750
+ "D": "腋下",
751
+ "E": "滑车上"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "B",
754
+ "reason": ""
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "行痹的主要症状是()",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "关节疼痛,局部灼热红肿",
761
+ "B": "肢体关节重着、酸痛,或肿胀",
762
+ "C": "关节酸痛,游走不定,屈伸不利",
763
+ "D": "关节肿痛,屈伸不利,周围结节,皮肤瘀斑",
764
+ "E": "关节疼痛较剧,痛有定处,得热痛减,遇寒痛增"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "C",
767
+ "reason": ""
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "患者产后高热,小腹剧痛,恶露有臭气,大便秘结。治疗应首选",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "少腹逐瘀汤",
774
+ "B": "生化汤",
775
+ "C": "清热调血汤",
776
+ "D": "大黄牡丹汤",
777
+ "E": "大柴胡汤"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "D",
780
+ "reason": "由题干患者产后高热,小腹剧痛,恶露有臭气,大便秘结,诊断为产后发热,热结阳明,治疗应首选大黄牡丹汤,峻下热结。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "既能活血散瘀,又能镇惊安神的药物是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "合欢皮",
787
+ "B": "酸枣仁",
788
+ "C": "远志",
789
+ "D": "琥珀",
790
+ "E": "磁石"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "D",
793
+ "reason": "合欢皮解郁安神,活血消肿。酸枣仁养心益肝,安神,敛汗。远志宁心安神,祛开窍,消散痈肿。琥珀镇惊安神,活血散瘀,利尿通淋。石镇惊安神,平肝潜阳,聪耳明目,纳气定喘。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "乳腺癌出现淋巴结转移常见的部位是",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "颈部",
800
+ "B": "左锁骨上窝",
801
+ "C": "右锁骨上窝",
802
+ "D": "腋下",
803
+ "E": "滑车上"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "D",
806
+ "reason": "左锁骨上窝淋巴结肿大,多为腹腔脏器癌肿(胃癌、肝癌、结肠癌等)转移;右锁骨上窝淋巴结肿大,多为胸腔脏器癌肿(肺癌、食管癌等)转移。鼻咽癌易转移到颈部淋巴结;乳腺癌最早经胸大肌外侧缘淋巴管侵入同侧腋下淋巴结。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "着痹的主要症状是()",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "关节疼痛,局部灼热红肿",
813
+ "B": "肢体关节重着、酸痛,或肿胀",
814
+ "C": "关节酸痛,游走不定,屈伸不利",
815
+ "D": "关节肿痛,屈伸不利,周围结节,皮肤瘀斑",
816
+ "E": "关节疼痛较剧,痛有定处,得热痛减,遇寒痛增"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "B",
819
+ "reason": "痹证分热痹、着痹、行痹、痛痹四种,分别以热、湿、风、寒为主要病邪,分别为ABCE项的症状表现。D项为尪痹,为痹证晚期出现关节变形的重症。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "患者产后寒热时作,恶露甚少,色紫暗,腹痛拒按,口干不欲饮。治疗应首选",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "少腹逐瘀汤",
826
+ "B": "生化汤",
827
+ "C": "清热调血汤",
828
+ "D": "大黄牡丹汤",
829
+ "E": "大柴胡汤"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "B",
832
+ "reason": "由题千患者产后寒热时作,恶露甚少,色紫暗,腹痛拒按,口干不欲饮,诊断为产后发热血瘀证,治疗应首选生化汤。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "麻子仁丸主治的是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "食积便秘",
839
+ "B": "血虚便秘",
840
+ "C": "气虚便秘",
841
+ "D": "脾约便秘",
842
+ "E": "冷积便秘"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "D",
845
+ "reason": "麻子仁丸主治胃肠燥热,脾约便秘证,大便干结,小便频数。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "网织红细胞减少的疾病为",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "急性失血性贫血",
852
+ "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒",
853
+ "C": "真性红细胞增多症",
854
+ "D": "大面积烧伤",
855
+ "E": "急性白血病"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "E",
858
+ "reason": ""
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "治疗局部皮肤麻木或功能减退常选用()",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "留针拔罐法",
865
+ "B": "留罐��",
866
+ "C": "闪罐法",
867
+ "D": "刺血拔罐法",
868
+ "E": "走罐法"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "C",
871
+ "reason": "闪罐法,多用于局部皮肤麻木、疼痛或功能减退等疾患,尤其适用于不宜留罐的部位,如小儿、年轻女性的面部。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "产后腹痛血虚证的治法是",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "养血活血",
878
+ "B": "补血益气",
879
+ "C": "行气养血",
880
+ "D": "活血止痛",
881
+ "E": "活血化瘀,散寒止痛"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "B",
884
+ "reason": ""
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "大黄附子汤主治的是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "食积便秘",
891
+ "B": "血虚便秘",
892
+ "C": "气虚便秘",
893
+ "D": "脾约便秘",
894
+ "E": "冷积便秘"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "E",
897
+ "reason": "大黄附子汤的主治证候为阳虚寒结,腹痛便秘。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "网织红细胞明显增多的疾病为",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "急性失血性贫血",
904
+ "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒",
905
+ "C": "真性红细胞增多症",
906
+ "D": "大面积烧伤",
907
+ "E": "急性白血病"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "A",
910
+ "reason": "网织红细胞计数反映骨髓造血功能状态,①增多:表示骨髓红细胞系增生旺盛,溶血性贫血和急性失血性贫血时明显增多,缺铁性贫血和巨幼细胞贫血时可轻度增多;②减少,表示骨髓造血功能减低,见于再生障碍性贫血、骨髓病性贫血(如急性白血病)。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "治疗丹毒、扭伤常选用()",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "留针拔罐法",
917
+ "B": "留罐法",
918
+ "C": "闪罐法",
919
+ "D": "刺血拔罐法",
920
+ "E": "走罐法"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "D",
923
+ "reason": "刺血拔罐法又称刺络拔罐法。多用于热证、实证、瘀血证及某些皮肤病,如神经性皮炎、痰疮、丹帮、捏伤.乳痈等。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "产后腹痛血瘀证的治法是",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "养血活血",
930
+ "B": "补血益气",
931
+ "C": "行气养血",
932
+ "D": "活血止痛",
933
+ "E": "活血化瘀,散寒止痛"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "E",
936
+ "reason": "产后腹痛的分型:气血两虚,治法为补血益气,方用肠宁汤;瘀滞子官证,治法为活血化瘀,温经止痛。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "组成药物中不含黄连的方剂是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "枳实导滞丸",
943
+ "B": "普济消毒饮",
944
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
945
+ "D": "芍药汤",
946
+ "E": "清营汤"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "C",
949
+ "reason": "龙胆泻肝汤组成:龙胆草、黄芩、栀子、泽泻、木通、当归、生地黄、柴胡、生甘草、车前子。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "传染性非典型肺炎主要传播途径是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "飞沫",
956
+ "B": "血液",
957
+ "C": "性接触",
958
+ "D": "消化道",
959
+ "E": "母婴"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "A",
962
+ "reason": "传染性非典型肺炎主要传播途径为飞沫,经呼吸道感染。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "病在腑者,治疗宜选()",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "下合穴",
969
+ "B": "八脉交会穴",
970
+ "C": "原穴",
971
+ "D": "络穴",
972
+ "E": "郄穴"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "A",
975
+ "reason": ""
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "体质较强的癥瘕患者,其治法是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "破瘀散结",
982
+ "B": "理气行滞",
983
+ "C": "先攻后补",
984
+ "D": "攻补兼施",
985
+ "E": "先补后攻"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "C",
988
+ "reason": ""
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "组成药物中不含黄芩的方剂是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "枳实导滞丸",
995
+ "B": "普济消毒饮",
996
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
997
+ "D": "芍药汤",
998
+ "E": "清营汤"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "E",
1001
+ "reason": "清营汤组成:犀角(水牛角代)、生地黄、玄参、竹叶心、麦门冬、丹参、黄连、银花、连翘。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "甲型肝炎主要传播途径是",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "飞沫",
1008
+ "B": "血液",
1009
+ "C": "性接触",
1010
+ "D": "消化道",
1011
+ "E": "母婴"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "D",
1014
+ "reason": "粪一口途径是甲型肝炎的主要传播途径。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "表里两经同病者,治疗宜选()",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "下合穴",
1021
+ "B": "八脉交会穴",
1022
+ "C": "原穴",
1023
+ "D": "络穴",
1024
+ "E": "郄穴"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "D",
1027
+ "reason": "下合穴是手足六阳经之经气内通六腑之所,故临证用下合穴治疗急腹证,以通降腑气,多获良效。络穴的主治特点,在于治疗表里两经的病变。同时十六大络均有各自不同的主治病候,当十六络脉气血异常,出现相关���病候时,都可以取相应络穴加以治疗。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "久病体弱的癥瘕患者,其治法是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "破瘀散结",
1034
+ "B": "理气行滞",
1035
+ "C": "先攻后补",
1036
+ "D": "攻补兼施",
1037
+ "E": "先补后攻"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "D",
1040
+ "reason": "本者“急则治标,缓则治本”的原则。体质较强的癓瘕患者,其治法是先攻后补;久病体弱的微痕患者,其治法是攻补兼施。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "吴瑭称作辛凉轻剂的是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "银翘散",
1047
+ "B": "桑菊饮",
1048
+ "C": "麻杏石甘汤",
1049
+ "D": "白虎汤",
1050
+ "E": "竹叶石膏汤"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "B",
1053
+ "reason": ""
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "流脑皮肤瘀点、瘀斑不断增加,考虑DIC,应及早应用的药物是",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "青霉素",
1060
+ "B": "甘露醇",
1061
+ "C": "头孢菌素",
1062
+ "D": "肾上腺皮质激素",
1063
+ "E": "肝素"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "E",
1066
+ "reason": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎,如皮肤瘀点、瘀斑不断增加,且融合成片,并有血小板明显减少者,应及早应用肝素治疗。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "眩晕兼见急躁易怒,口苦,耳鸣,舌红,苔黄,脉弦,可在主方的基础上加()",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "气海、脾俞、胃俞",
1073
+ "B": "太溪、悬钟、三阴交",
1074
+ "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
1075
+ "D": "头维、丰隆、中脘、阴陵泉",
1076
+ "E": "风池、百会、内关、太冲"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "C",
1079
+ "reason": ""
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "小儿感冒常见夹惊的原因是",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "肺不足",
1086
+ "B": "脾常不足",
1087
+ "C": "神气怯弱",
1088
+ "D": "肾常虚",
1089
+ "E": "肺脏娇嫩"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "C",
1092
+ "reason": ""
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "吴瑭称作辛凉重剂的是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "银翘散",
1099
+ "B": "桑菊饮",
1100
+ "C": "麻杏石甘汤",
1101
+ "D": "白虎汤",
1102
+ "E": "竹叶石膏汤"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "D",
1105
+ "reason": "桑菊饮、银翘散、白虎汤均为辛凉之剂。桑菊饮遵循“治上焦如羽,非轻不举”的原则,选药质轻性平量轻,药力轻级,适用于风热表证轻者。银翘散选药亦多轻清宜透之品,但药较重,并伍以辛温之品,解表清热较强,适用于风热表证重者。白虎汤重用辛甘大寒之石音,合苦寒之知母,药重质重,量大力专,用治气分实热证。吴称“桑菊饮、银翘散多用轻清之品,以清透肺卫之邪,病位浅而药平和,故称辛凉轻剂、辛凉平剂。白虎汤药重力猛攻专,清气分之大热,故称辛凉重剂。”"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "流脑治疗中,可减轻毒血症,解痉,抗休克的药物是",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "青霉素",
1112
+ "B": "甘露醇",
1113
+ "C": "头孢菌素",
1114
+ "D": "肾上腺皮质激素",
1115
+ "E": "肝素"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "D",
1118
+ "reason": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎可短期应用肾上腺皮质激素,减轻毒血症,稳定溶酶体,也可解痉、增强心肌收缩力及抑制血小板凝聚,有利于抗休克。氢化可的松一般应用不超过3天,休克纠正即停用。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "眩晕兼见头重如裹,胸闷恶心,神疲困倦,舌胖,苔白腻,脉濡滑,可在主方的基础上加()",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "气海、脾俞、胃俞",
1125
+ "B": "太溪、悬钟、三阴交",
1126
+ "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
1127
+ "D": "头维、丰隆、中脘、阴陵泉",
1128
+ "E": "风池、百会、内关、太冲"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "D",
1131
+ "reason": "眩晕的辩证、处方。眩晕兼见急躁易怒,口苦,耳鸣,舌红,苔黄,脉弦,为肝阳上亢,治疗应加行间、侠溪、太溪滋阴平肝潜阳。眩晕兼见头重如裹;胸闷恶心,神疲困倦,舌胖,昔白腻,脉濡滑,为痰湿中阻,治疗应加头维、丰隆、中脘、明陵泉健脾化痰祛湿。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "小儿感冒常见夹滞的原因是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "肺不足",
1138
+ "B": "脾常不足",
1139
+ "C": "神气怯弱",
1140
+ "D": "肾常虚",
1141
+ "E": "肺脏娇嫩"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "B",
1144
+ "reason": "小儿脾常不足,饮食不节,感冒之后,脾运失司,乳食停滞,阻中焦,则腹胀纳呆,或伴吐泻,此为感冒夹滞;小儿神气怯弱,肝气未盛,感邪之后,热扰心肝,引动肝风,扰乱心神,易致睡卧不宁,惊惕抽风,此为感冒夹惊。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "吐泻之后,舌苔为",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "滑苔",
1151
+ "B": "燥苔",
1152
+ "C": "脓腐苔",
1153
+ "D": "白腻苔",
1154
+ "E": "花剥苔"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "B",
1157
+ "reason": ""
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "流行性出血热皮肤出血的改变是",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "斑丘疹",
1164
+ "B": "玫瑰疹",
1165
+ "C": "搔抓样瘀点",
1166
+ "D": "红斑疹",
1167
+ "E": "皮肤坏死"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "C",
1170
+ "reason": "流行性出血热皮肤出血多见于腋下和胸背部,常呈条索状或搔抓样瘀点。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "在八脉交会穴中,通阴跷脉的是()",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "列缺",
1177
+ "B": "足临泣",
1178
+ "C": "后溪",
1179
+ "D": "公孙",
1180
+ "E": "照海"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "E",
1183
+ "reason": ""
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "滑胎的治疗原则是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "下胎益母",
1190
+ "B": "保胎治疗",
1191
+ "C": "治病与安胎并举",
1192
+ "D": "补肾填精,固冲安胎",
1193
+ "E": "未孕前重防,已孕后重早治"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "E",
1196
+ "reason": ""
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "内痈或邪毒内结,舌苔为",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "滑苔",
1203
+ "B": "燥苔",
1204
+ "C": "脓腐苔",
1205
+ "D": "白腻苔",
1206
+ "E": "花剥苔"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "C",
1209
+ "reason": "燥苔提示体内津液已伤,如高热大汗、吐泻、久不伙水或过服温药物等,亦可因痰饮瘀血内阻,阳气被遏:不能上蒸津浓而致。脓腐苔多见于内痈、邪毒内结,是邪盛病重的表现。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "流行性脑脊髓炎皮肤严重出血的改变是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "斑丘疹",
1216
+ "B": "玫瑰疹",
1217
+ "C": "搔抓样瘀点",
1218
+ "D": "红斑疹",
1219
+ "E": "皮肤坏死"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "E",
1222
+ "reason": "流行性脑脊髓炎70%~90%患者有皮肤或黏膜瘀点或瘀斑、严重者瘀斑迅速扩大,其中央因血栓形成而坏死。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "在八脉交会穴中,通督脉的是()",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "列缺",
1229
+ "B": "足临泣",
1230
+ "C": "后溪",
1231
+ "D": "公孙",
1232
+ "E": "照海"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "C",
1235
+ "reason": "八脉交会穴是奇经八脉与十二经之气相交会的8个腧穴,均分布于脚踝部上下。公孙通冲脉,内关通阴维脉,后溪通督脉、申脉通阳跷脉;足临泣通带脉.外关通阳维脉;列缺通任脉、昭海通阴跷脉。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "堕胎、小产的治疗原则是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "下胎益母",
1242
+ "B": "保胎治疗",
1243
+ "C": "治病与安胎并举",
1244
+ "D": "补肾填精,固冲安胎",
1245
+ "E": "未孕前重防,已孕后重早治"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "A",
1248
+ "reason": "滑胎孕前宜以补肾健脾,益气养血,调理冲任为主;孕后即应积被进行保胎治疗。并应维持超过既往堕胎、小产时间2周以上,万不可等到发生流产先兆以后再进行诊治。堕胎、小产的治疗原则以下胎益母为主,若胎堕完全者应按产后处理,宜调养气血为主。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "清胆利湿、和胃化痰的方剂是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "茵陈整甲汤",
1255
+ "B": "茵陈蒿汤",
1256
+ "C": "半夏泻心汤",
1257
+ "D": "四逆散",
1258
+ "E": "蒿芩清胆汤"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "E",
1261
+ "reason": "芩洁胆汤具有消胆利湿,和化痰之功,常用于少阳湿热证。"
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "骨髓纤维化常见",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "泪滴形红细胞",
1268
+ "B": "靶形红细胞",
1269
+ "C": "口形红细胞",
1270
+ "D": "镰形红细胞",
1271
+ "E": "球形红细胞"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "A",
1274
+ "reason": ""
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "治疗生殖系统疾病,应选择()",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "额中线",
1281
+ "B": "额旁1线",
1282
+ "C": "额旁3线",
1283
+ "D": "颞前线",
1284
+ "E": "颞后线"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "C",
1287
+ "reason": ""
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "幼儿急疹的临床特点是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "发热或无热,1一2天出疹(根盘红晕不明显)",
1294
+ "B": "发热3、4天出疹,出疹时热退",
1295
+ "C": "发热2~3天出疹",
1296
+ "D": "发热3、4天出疹,出疹时热度增高",
1297
+ "E": "发热数小时、1天出疹"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "B",
1300
+ "reason": "幼儿急疹起病急骤,常突然高热,持续3~4天后热退疹出,皮疹呈玫瑰红色,以躯干、臀部较多,面部及四肢较少。皮疹出现1~2天后消退,疹退后无脱屑及色素沉着。"
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "寒热平调、消痞散结的方剂是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "茵陈整甲汤",
1307
+ "B": "茵陈蒿汤",
1308
+ "C": "半夏泻心汤",
1309
+ "D": "四逆散",
1310
+ "E": "蒿芩清胆汤"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "C",
1313
+ "reason": "半夏泻心汤具有热平调,消痞散结之功,常用于寒热互结之痞证。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "缺铁性贫血可见",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "泪滴形红细胞",
1320
+ "B": "靶形红细胞",
1321
+ "C": "口形红细胞",
1322
+ "D": "镰形红细胞",
1323
+ "E": "球形红细胞"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "B",
1326
+ "reason": "泪滴形红细胞:主要见于骨髓纤维化,为本病的特点之一,也可见于珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血、溶血性贫血等;靶形红细胞:常见于珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血、异常血红蛋白病,也可见于缺铁性贫血等。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "治疗耳聋、耳鸣,应选择()",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "额中线",
1333
+ "B": "额旁1线",
1334
+ "C": "额旁3线",
1335
+ "D": "颞前线",
1336
+ "E": "颞后线"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "E",
1339
+ "reason": "额中线和额旁1线主治癫痫、精神失常,鼻病等,额旁3线主治功能性子宫出血、阳瘘、遗精、子宫脱垂、尿频、尿急等。颞前线主治运动性失语、周围性面神经瘫痪,偏头痛及口腔的疾病等,颞后线主治偏头痛、耳源性眩晕及耳鸣、耳聋等。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "麻疹的临床特点是",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "发热或无热,1一2天出疹(根盘红晕不明显)",
1346
+ "B": "发热3、4天出疹,出疹时热退",
1347
+ "C": "发热2~3天出疹",
1348
+ "D": "发热3、4天出疹,出疹时热度增高",
1349
+ "E": "发热数小时、1天出疹"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "D",
1352
+ "reason": "麻疹初热期有发热、咳嗽、喷嚏等类似感冒的表现,但发热渐高,目赤多泪,畏光,于发病2~3天时,口腔出现麻疹黏膜斑。发热3~4天后进人见形期,此期高热起伏,咳嗽加剧,纳呆嗜睡,分批出疹。皮疹先见于耳后、发际,渐遍及全身,最后达手心与足心,3~4天出齐,并进人恢复期。恢复期皮疹按出疹顺序消退,疹退后皮肤见脱屑及色素沉着,体温渐降,全身症状随之好转。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "竹叶石膏汤中麦门冬与半夏的用量比例是",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "1:1",
1359
+ "B": "2:1",
1360
+ "C": "5:1",
1361
+ "D": "6:1",
1362
+ "E": "7:1"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "B",
1365
+ "reason": ""
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "上述各项,体现我国当今医患关系法制化趋势反映在",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "医患交往的社会性日益突出为社会所关注",
1372
+ "B": "将部分医德规范,观念纳人《中华人民共和国医师法》",
1373
+ "C": "医患交往在经济条件、文化背景方面日显重要",
1374
+ "D": "指导患者就医,自主选择医生、护士、治疗小组的做法",
1375
+ "E": "部分医务人员在诊疗工作中过于依靠仪器检测"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "B",
1378
+ "reason": "将部分医德规范,观念纳人《中华人民共和国医师法》,更加体现了医生和患者之间的权利与义务的法制化。"
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "从耳后,入耳中,出走耳前的是()",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "足少阳胆经",
1385
+ "B": "足太阴脾经",
1386
+ "C": "手阳明大肠经",
1387
+ "D": "手少阴心经",
1388
+ "E": "足厥阴肝经"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "A",
1391
+ "reason": "足少阳胆经一分支从耳后进入耳中,出走于耳前,至目外眦后方。"
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "蛔虫病肠虫证疼痛部位是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "脐周",
1398
+ "B": "胃脘部",
1399
+ "C": "左下腹",
1400
+ "D": "痛无定处",
1401
+ "E": "右上腹"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "A",
1404
+ "reason": ""
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "麦门冬汤中麦门冬与半夏的比例是",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "1:1",
1411
+ "B": "2:1",
1412
+ "C": "5:1",
1413
+ "D": "6:1",
1414
+ "E": "7:1"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "E",
1417
+ "reason": "竹叶石膏汤中麦门冬1升,半夏半升。麦门冬汤中麦门冬7升,半夏1升。"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "上述各项,体现在医患关系中,反映患者自主性的是",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "医患交往的社会性日益突出为社会所关注",
1424
+ "B": "将部分医德规范,观念纳人《中华人民共和国医师法》",
1425
+ "C": "医患交往在经济条件、文化背景方面日显重要",
1426
+ "D": "指导患者就医,自主选择医生、护士、治疗小组的做法",
1427
+ "E": "部分医务人员在诊疗工作中过于依靠仪器检测"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "D",
1430
+ "reason": "患者可自主地选择医生、护士、治疗小组的做法更加体现了患者的自主性。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "交于人中,左脉向右,右脉向左的是()",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "足少阳胆经",
1437
+ "B": "足太阴脾经",
1438
+ "C": "手阳明大肠经",
1439
+ "D": "手少阴心经",
1440
+ "E": "足厥阴肝经"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "C",
1443
+ "reason": "《灵枢,经脉》说,“大肠手阳明之脉,起于大指次指之端,循指上廉,出合谷两骨之间,��人两筋之中,循臂上廉,入肘外廉,上臑外前廉,上肩,出髃骨之前廉,上出于柱骨之会上,下入缺盆,络肺,下膈,属大肠,其支者,从缺盆上颈,贯颊,人下齿中,还出夹口,交人中,左之右,右之左,上夹鼻孔。\""
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "蛔虫病蛔厥证疼痛部位是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "脐周",
1450
+ "B": "胃脘部",
1451
+ "C": "左下腹",
1452
+ "D": "痛无定处",
1453
+ "E": "右上腹"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "E",
1456
+ "reason": "蛔虫病肠虫证疼痛部位在脐周,蛔厥证疼痛部位在右上腹或剑突下。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "评价医务人员医疗行为普恶的出发点和根本标准是",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "经济标准",
1463
+ "B": "疗效标准",
1464
+ "C": "社会标准",
1465
+ "D": "行为标准",
1466
+ "E": "科学标准"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "B",
1469
+ "reason": ""
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "省级人民政府在接到突发公共卫生事件报告后,向国务院卫生行政部门报告的时限是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "尽早",
1476
+ "B": "1小时",
1477
+ "C": "2小时",
1478
+ "D": "6小时",
1479
+ "E": "12小时"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "B",
1482
+ "reason": ""
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "以上腧穴中,退热的要穴是()",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "身柱",
1489
+ "B": "至阳",
1490
+ "C": "风府",
1491
+ "D": "陶道",
1492
+ "E": "大椎"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "E",
1495
+ "reason": ""
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "治疗气营两燔型皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征的首选方是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "清瘟败毒饮",
1502
+ "B": "白虎汤",
1503
+ "C": "凉膈散",
1504
+ "D": "青蒿鳖甲汤",
1505
+ "E": "沙参麦冬汤"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "A",
1508
+ "reason": ""
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善,是否有利于人类健康符合",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "经济标准",
1515
+ "B": "疗效标准",
1516
+ "C": "社会标准",
1517
+ "D": "行为标准",
1518
+ "E": "科学标准"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "C",
1521
+ "reason": "疗效标准是指医疗行为是否有利于患者疾病的缓解、痊愈和保障生命的安全。这是评价和衡是医务人员医疗行为是否符合道德及道德水平高低的重要标志。社会标准是指医疗行为是否有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善。科学标准是指医疗行为是否有利于促进医学科学的发展和社会的进步。"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "突发事件监测机构、医疗卫生机构和有关单位在发现突发公共卫生事件后,向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告的时限是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "尽早",
1528
+ "B": "1小时",
1529
+ "C": "2小时",
1530
+ "D": "6小时",
1531
+ "E": "12小时"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "C",
1534
+ "reason": "国家建立突发事件应急报告制度:省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当在接到报告1小时内,向国务院卫生行政主管部门报告。突发事件监测机构、医疗卫生机构和有关单位发现有本条例第十九条规定情形之一的,应当在2小时内向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告;接到报告的卫生行政主管部门应当在2小时内向本级人民政府报告,并同时向上级人民政府卫生行政主管部门和国务院卫生行政主管部门报告。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "以上腧穴中,治疗疔疮的要穴是()",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "身柱",
1541
+ "B": "至阳",
1542
+ "C": "风府",
1543
+ "D": "陶道",
1544
+ "E": "大椎"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "A",
1547
+ "reason": "大椎生治:①热病、疟疾、恶寒发热、咳嗽、气喘等外感病证;②骨蒸潮热;③癫狂痢证、小儿惊风等神志病证;:④项强,脊痛;⑤风疹,痤疮。身柱主治:①身热,头痛、咳嗽、气喘等外感病证;②癫狂、小儿风痢、惊厥、癫狂痫等神志病证;③腰脊强痛;④疔疮发背。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "治疗气阴两伤型皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征的首选方是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "清瘟败毒饮",
1554
+ "B": "白虎汤",
1555
+ "C": "凉膈散",
1556
+ "D": "青蒿鳖甲汤",
1557
+ "E": "沙参麦冬汤"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "E",
1560
+ "reason": "①卫气同病辛凉透表,清热解毒,银翘散加减;②气营两燔宜清气凉营,解毒化瘀,清瘟败辞饮加减;③气阴两仍宜益气乔阴,清解余热,沙参麦冬汤加减。"
1561
+ }
1562
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_2/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2472 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "战汗后身热不退、烦躁不安、脉来急疾的临床意义是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "气虚阳虚",
7
+ "B": "邪正俱衰",
8
+ "C": "邪正俱盛",
9
+ "D": "邪去正复",
10
+ "E": "邪盛正衰"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "E",
13
+ "reason": "战汗者多属邪盛正馁,邪伏不去,见于温病或伤寒病邪正相争剧烈之时是疾病发展的转折点,如汗出后仍身发高热,脉来急疾,则是邪盛正衰、疾病恶化的表现,"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "战汗后汗出热退、脉静身凉的临床意义是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "气虚阳虚",
20
+ "B": "邪正俱衰",
21
+ "C": "邪正俱盛",
22
+ "D": "邪去正复",
23
+ "E": "邪盛正衰"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "D",
26
+ "reason": "汗出后热退脉缓,则是邪去正安、疾病好转的表现。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "大失血,伤阴的脉象是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "濡脉",
33
+ "B": "缓脉",
34
+ "C": "紧脉",
35
+ "D": "芤脉",
36
+ "E": "涩脉"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "D",
39
+ "reason": "芤脉常见于大量失血、伤阴之际。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "可见于正常人的脉象是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "濡脉",
46
+ "B": "缓脉",
47
+ "C": "紧脉",
48
+ "D": "芤脉",
49
+ "E": "涩脉"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "B",
52
+ "reason": "缓脉多见于湿病,脾胃虚弱,亦可见于正常人。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "热证转寒的临床表现是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "疫毒痢初期,高热烦渴,舌红脉数,急骤出现四肢厥冷、面色苍白",
59
+ "B": "咳嗽吐痰、息粗而喘、苔腻脉滑,久之气短而喘、声低懒言",
60
+ "C": "初为关节冷痛、重着,病久见患处红肿灼热",
61
+ "D": "自觉发热,欲脱衣揭被,下肢厥冷,面色浮红如妆",
62
+ "E": "神识昏沉,四肢厥冷,胸腹灼热,口鼻气灼,舌红苔黄"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "A",
65
+ "reason": "A项为热证转寒。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "真寒假热的临床表现是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "疫毒痢初期,高热烦渴,舌红脉数,急骤出现四肢厥冷、面色苍白",
72
+ "B": "咳嗽吐痰、息粗而喘、苔腻脉滑,久之气短而喘、声低懒言",
73
+ "C": "初为关节冷痛、重着,病久见患处红肿灼热",
74
+ "D": "自觉发热,欲脱衣揭被,下肢厥冷,面色浮红如妆",
75
+ "E": "神识昏沉,四肢厥冷,胸腹灼热,口鼻气灼,舌红苔黄"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "D项为真寒假热。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "发热恶热,汗出口渴,气短神疲,小便短黄,舌红苔黄,脉数,其证候是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "风淫证",
85
+ "B": "寒淫证",
86
+ "C": "暑淫证",
87
+ "D": "湿淫证",
88
+ "E": "火淫证"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "暑淫证临床表现:发热恶热,汗出,口渴喜饮,气短,神疲,肢体困倦,小便短黄,舌红,苔白或黄,脉虚数。或发热、猝然昏倒、汗出不止、气喘,甚至昏迷、惊厥、抽搐等;或见高热、神昏、胸闷、腹痛、呕恶、无汗等。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "突发皮肤癌痒,丘疹,其证候是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "风淫证",
98
+ "B": "寒淫证",
99
+ "C": "暑淫证",
100
+ "D": "湿淫证",
101
+ "E": "火淫证"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "A",
104
+ "reason": "风淫证临床表现:恶风寒微发热,汗出,脉浮缓,苔薄白,或有鼻塞、流清涕、喷,或伴咽喉痒痛、咳嗽。或为突发皮肤瘙痒、丘疹;或为突发肌肤麻木、口眼喝斜;或肢体关节游走作痛;或新起面睑肢体水肿等。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "体现人体精神互用的脏腑是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "心肾",
111
+ "B": "肝肾",
112
+ "C": "脾肾",
113
+ "D": "肺肾",
114
+ "E": "肺脾"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "A",
117
+ "reason": "心与肾在生理上的联系,主要表现为“心肾相交”。心肾相交的机理,主要从水火既济、精神互用、君相安位来阐发。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "悲恐证的临床表现是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "胆怯易惊,心悸失眠",
124
+ "B": "精神涣散,喜笑不休",
125
+ "C": "哭笑无常,打人毁物",
126
+ "D": "忧愁不乐,胸胁胀满",
127
+ "E": "烦躁发狂,头胀头痛"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "A",
130
+ "reason": "悲恐证临床表现:善悲喜哭,精神萎靡,疲乏少力,面色惨淡;或胆怯易惊,恐惧不安,心悸失眠,常被噩梦惊醒,甚则二便失禁;或为滑精、阳痿等"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "体现人体精血同源的脏腑是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "心肾",
137
+ "B": "肝肾",
138
+ "C": "脾肾",
139
+ "D": "肺肾",
140
+ "E": "肺脾"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "B",
143
+ "reason": "肝肾之间的关系,有“肝肾同源”或“乙癸同源”之���,主要表现在精血同源、藏泄互用以及阴阳互滋互制等方面。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "喜证的临床表现是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "胆怯易惊,心悸失眠",
150
+ "B": "精神涣散,喜笑不休",
151
+ "C": "哭笑无常,打人毁物",
152
+ "D": "忧愁不乐,胸胁胀满",
153
+ "E": "烦躁发狂,头胀头痛"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "B",
156
+ "reason": "喜证临床表现:喜笑不休心神不安,精神涣散,思想不集中,甚则语无伦次,举止失常,肢体疲软,脉缓。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "主涎的是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "心",
163
+ "B": "肝",
164
+ "C": "脾",
165
+ "D": "肺",
166
+ "E": "肾"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "脾在液为涎"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "气不固证的临床表现是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "面色苍白,口唇青紫",
176
+ "B": "头晕眼花,气短疲乏",
177
+ "C": "脘腹坠胀,便意频频,久泄脱肛",
178
+ "D": "神疲乏力,气短,汗出不止,劳累后加重",
179
+ "E": "全身瘫软,神识朦胧"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "D",
182
+ "reason": "气不固证临床表现:气短,疲乏,面白,舌淡,脉虚无力;或汗出不止;或为流涎不止;或见遗尿,余溺不尽,小便失禁;或为大便滑脱失禁;或妇女出现崩漏,或为滑胎,或见男子遗精,滑精,早泄"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "主唾的是",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "心",
189
+ "B": "肝",
190
+ "C": "脾",
191
+ "D": "肺",
192
+ "E": "肾"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "E",
195
+ "reason": "肾在液为唾。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "气陷证的临床表现是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "面色苍白,口唇青紫",
202
+ "B": "头晕眼花,气短疲乏",
203
+ "C": "脘腹坠胀,便意频频,久泄脱肛",
204
+ "D": "神疲乏力,气短,汗出不止,劳累后加重",
205
+ "E": "全身瘫软,神识朦胧"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "C",
208
+ "reason": "气陷证临床表现:脘腹重坠作胀,食后益甚;或便意频数,肛门重坠;或久泄不止,甚或脱肛;或小便浑浊如米泔;或内脏、子宫下垂,气短懒言,神疲乏力,头晕目眩,面白无华,食少,便溏,舌淡苔白,脉缓或弱。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "气升之太过,或降之不及是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "气逆",
215
+ "B": "气陷",
216
+ "C": "气虚",
217
+ "D": "气闭",
218
+ "E": "气脱"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "A",
221
+ "reason": "气逆指气升之太过,或降之不及,以致气逆于上的一种病理变化。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "心悸怔忡,纳呆腹胀,便溏乏力,舌淡嫩,脉弱,其证候是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "心肝血虚证",
228
+ "B": "心肾阴虚证",
229
+ "C": "脾肺气虚证",
230
+ "D": "心肾不交证",
231
+ "E": "心脾气血虚证"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "E",
234
+ "reason": "心脾气血虚证临床表现:心悸怔忡,头晕,多梦,健忘,食欲不振,腹胀,便溏,神疲乏力,或见皮下紫斑,女子月经量少,色淡、淋沥不尽,面色萎黄,舌淡嫩,脉弱。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "气降至太过,或升之不及是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "气逆",
241
+ "B": "气陷",
242
+ "C": "气虚",
243
+ "D": "气闭",
244
+ "E": "气脱"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": "气陷指气的上升不足或下降太过,以气虚升举无力而下陷为特征的一种病理变化。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "心烦失眠,腰膝酸软,遗精盗汗,舌红少苔,脉细数,其证候是",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "心肝血虚证",
254
+ "B": "心肾阴虚证",
255
+ "C": "脾肺气虚证",
256
+ "D": "心肾不交证",
257
+ "E": "心脾气血虚证"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": "心肾不交证临床表现:心102.D烦失眠,惊悸健忘,头晕,耳鸣,腰膝酸软,梦遗,口咽干燥,五心烦热,潮热盗汗,便结尿黄,舌红少苔,脉细数。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "水谷之精气为",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "卫气",
267
+ "B": "营气",
268
+ "C": "精气",
269
+ "D": "阴气",
270
+ "E": "阳气"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "B",
273
+ "reason": "《素问·痹论》说:“营者:水谷之精气也。和调于五脏,洒陈于六腑,乃能入于脉也。故循脉上下,贯五脏,络六腑也”"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "上述各项,君药指的是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "具有调和方中诸药作用的药物",
280
+ "B": "引方中诸药至特定病所的药物",
281
+ "C": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物",
282
+ "D": "针对兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物",
283
+ "E": "直接治疗次要兼证的药物"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "C",
286
+ "reason": "C项为君药"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "水谷之悍气为",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "卫气",
293
+ "B": "营气",
294
+ "C": "精气",
295
+ "D": "阴气",
296
+ "E": "阳气"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "“卫者,水谷之悍气也,其气懔疾滑利,不能人于脉也。故循皮肤之中,分肉之间,熏于肓膜,散于胸腹。”"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "上述各项,臣药指的是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "具有调和方中诸药作用的药物",
306
+ "B": "引方中诸药至特定病所的药物",
307
+ "C": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物",
308
+ "D": "针对兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物",
309
+ "E": "直接治疗次要兼证的药物"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "D项为臣药。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "疼痛游走不定体现风邪致病的特点是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "轻扬开泄",
319
+ "B": "易袭阳位",
320
+ "C": "善行数变",
321
+ "D": "主动",
322
+ "E": "风为百病之长"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "C",
325
+ "reason": "风性善行而数变:“善行”指风性善动不居,游走不定。故风邪致病具有病位游走、行无定处的特点,如风寒湿三气杂至而引起的痹证,若见游走性关节疼痛,痛无定处,即是风邪偏盛的表现,称为“行痹”或“风痹”。“数变”,指风邪致病变幻无常,发病迅速。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "以“补血而不滞血,行血而不伤血”为配伍特点的方剂是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "四物汤",
332
+ "B": "归脾汤",
333
+ "C": "炙甘草汤",
334
+ "D": "补中益气汤",
335
+ "E": "当归补血汤"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "A",
338
+ "reason": "四物汤主治:营血虚滞证,方中以熟地黄、白芍阴柔补血之品与辛香之当归、川芎等量相配,动静相宜,补血而不滞血,行血而不伤血,补中有行,散中有收,温而不燥,滋而不腻。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "风邪易导致抽搐、眩晕体现风邪致病的特点是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "轻扬开泄",
345
+ "B": "易袭阳位",
346
+ "C": "善行数变",
347
+ "D": "主动",
348
+ "E": "风为百病之长"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "D",
351
+ "reason": "风性主动:指风邪致病具有动摇不定的特征,如风邪伤人,常见颜面肌肉抽搐,或眩晕、颤、抽搐、颈项强直、角弓反张、两目上视等。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "以“心脾同治,重在补脾”为配伍特点的方剂是",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "四物汤",
358
+ "B": "归脾汤",
359
+ "C": "炙甘草汤",
360
+ "D": "补中益气汤",
361
+ "E": "当归补血汤"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "B",
364
+ "reason": "归脾汤配伍特点:心脾同治,重在补脾;气血并补,重在补气;补行结合"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "易袭身体下部的是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "风邪",
371
+ "B": "寒邪",
372
+ "C": "暑邪",
373
+ "D": "湿邪",
374
+ "E": "燥邪"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "D",
377
+ "reason": "湿性趋下,重浊黏腻,易袭阴位,多伤及人体下部。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "清燥救肺汤中含有的药物是",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "沙参",
384
+ "B": "人参",
385
+ "C": "玄参",
386
+ "D": "石斛",
387
+ "E": "天花粉"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "B",
390
+ "reason": "清燥救肺汤组成:霜桑叶煅石膏、甘草、人参、胡麻仁、阿胶、麦冬、杏仁、枇杷叶。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "多发于儿童头部的疾病是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "有头疖",
397
+ "B": "无头疖",
398
+ "C": "暑疖",
399
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
400
+ "E": "疖病"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "D",
403
+ "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "易导致汗出、口渴、脉浮的是",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "风邪",
410
+ "B": "寒邪",
411
+ "C": "暑邪",
412
+ "D": "湿邪",
413
+ "E": "燥邪"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "C",
416
+ "reason": "暑性升散,易耗气伤津,易导致汗出、口渴、脉浮。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "玉液汤中含有的药物是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "沙参",
423
+ "B": "人参",
424
+ "C": "玄参",
425
+ "D": "石斛",
426
+ "E": "天花粉"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "E",
429
+ "reason": "玉液汤组成:山药、生黄芪、知母、生鸡内金、葛根、五味子、天花粉。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "多发于颈后发际的疾病是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "有头疖",
436
+ "B": "无头疖",
437
+ "C": "暑疖",
438
+ "D": "蝼蛄疖",
439
+ "E": "疖病"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "E",
442
+ "reason": "疖病:好发于颈后发际、背部、部,几个到几十个,反复发作,缠绵不愈。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "湿邪易伤",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "心",
449
+ "B": "肝",
450
+ "C": "脾",
451
+ "D": "肺",
452
+ "E": "肾"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "C",
455
+ "reason": "湿邪外袭易伤脾,困厄脾气。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "凉膈散的主治证是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "气分热盛证",
462
+ "B": "热入营血证",
463
+ "C": "热人血分证",
464
+ "D": "三焦火毒证",
465
+ "E": "上中二焦邪郁生热证"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "E",
468
+ "reason": "凉膈散主治:上中二焦邪郁生热证。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "颈痈风热痰毒证的代表方剂是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
475
+ "B": "八正散",
476
+ "C": "牛蒡解肌汤",
477
+ "D": "黄连解毒汤",
478
+ "E": "仙方活命饮合五味消毒饮"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "C",
481
+ "reason": "颈痈风热痰毒证治法:散风清热,化痰消肿。代表方剂:牛蒡解肌汤或银翘散加减。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "风邪易伤",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "心",
488
+ "B": "肝",
489
+ "C": "脾",
490
+ "D": "肺",
491
+ "E": "肾"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "D",
494
+ "reason": "风邪易袭阳位,即风邪常易侵袭人体的头部、肺脏、肌表等阳位。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "黄连解毒汤的主治证是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "气分热盛证",
501
+ "B": "热入营血证",
502
+ "C": "热人血分证",
503
+ "D": "三焦火毒证",
504
+ "E": "上中二焦邪郁生热证"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "D",
507
+ "reason": "黄连解毒汤主治:三焦火毒证。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "痈证热胜肉腐证的代表方剂是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
514
+ "B": "八正散",
515
+ "C": "牛蒡解肌汤",
516
+ "D": "黄连解毒汤",
517
+ "E": "仙方活命饮合五味消毒饮"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "E",
520
+ "reason": "痈证热胜肉腐证治法:和营清热,透脓托毒。代表方剂:仙方活命饮合五味消毒饮加减。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "以上药物中可以清利头目的是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "辛夷",
527
+ "B": "薄荷",
528
+ "C": "细辛",
529
+ "D": "麻黄",
530
+ "E": "藁本"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "B",
533
+ "reason": "薄荷功效:疏散风热;清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气,芳香辟秽。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "具有活血祛瘀,散结止痛功用的方剂是",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "温经汤",
540
+ "B": "生化汤",
541
+ "C": "失笑散",
542
+ "D": "补阳还五汤",
543
+ "E": "桂枝茯苓丸"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "失笑散功用:活血祛瘀,散结止痛。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "前列腺增生湿热下注证的代表方剂是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
553
+ "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
554
+ "C": "八正散",
555
+ "D": "六味地黄汤",
556
+ "E": "沉香散"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "C",
559
+ "reason": "前列腺增生湿热下注证治法:清热利湿,消癌通闭。代表方剂:八正散加减。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "以上药物中可以除湿止痛的是",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "辛夷",
566
+ "B": "薄荷",
567
+ "C": "细辛",
568
+ "D": "麻黄",
569
+ "E": "藁本"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "燕本功效:袪风散寒,除湿止痛。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "具有活血化瘀,缓消块作用的方剂是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "温经汤",
579
+ "B": "生化汤",
580
+ "C": "失笑散",
581
+ "D": "补阳还五汤",
582
+ "E": "桂枝茯苓丸"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "E",
585
+ "reason": "桂枝茯苓丸功用:活血化瘀,缓消癥块。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "前列腺增生气滞血瘀证的代表方剂是",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "桃红四物汤",
592
+ "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
593
+ "C": "八正散",
594
+ "D": "六味地黄汤",
595
+ "E": "沉香散"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "E",
598
+ "reason": "前列腺增生气滞血瘀证治法:行气活血,通窍利尿。代表方剂:沉香散加减。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "以上药物中可生津止渴的是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "夏枯草",
605
+ "B": "淡竹叶",
606
+ "C": "天花粉",
607
+ "D": "青蒿",
608
+ "E": "紫草"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "C",
611
+ "reason": "天花粉功效:清热泻火,生津止渴,消肿排脓。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "川芎茶调散中偏于治阳明头痛的药物是",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "荆芥",
618
+ "B": "细辛",
619
+ "C": "白芷",
620
+ "D": "川芎",
621
+ "E": "羌活"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "C",
624
+ "reason": "川芎茶调散中白芷偏于治阳明头痛;细辛偏治少阴经头痛。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "Ⅰ度冻疮累及",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "表皮层",
631
+ "B": "真皮层",
632
+ "C": "全皮层",
633
+ "D": "真皮浅层",
634
+ "E": "真皮深层"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "A",
637
+ "reason": "I度:损伤在表皮层。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "以上药物中可凉血活血的是",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "夏枯草",
644
+ "B": "淡竹叶",
645
+ "C": "天花粉",
646
+ "D": "青蒿",
647
+ "E": "紫草"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "E",
650
+ "reason": "紫草功效:清热凉血,活血,解毒透疹"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "川芎茶调散中偏于治太阳头痛的药物是",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "荆芥",
657
+ "B": "细辛",
658
+ "C": "白芷",
659
+ "D": "川芎",
660
+ "E": "羌活"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "E",
663
+ "reason": "川芎茶调散中羌活偏于治太阳头痛。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "Ⅱ度冻疮累及",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "表皮层",
670
+ "B": "真皮层",
671
+ "C": "全皮层",
672
+ "D": "真皮浅层",
673
+ "E": "真皮深层"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": "I度:损伤达真皮层。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "以上药物中可养阴生津的是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "生地黄",
683
+ "B": "山慈菇",
684
+ "C": "牡丹皮",
685
+ "D": "水牛角",
686
+ "E": "银柴胡"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "A",
689
+ "reason": "生地黄功效:清热凉血,养阴生津。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "组成中含有菖蒲、半夏的方剂是",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "三仁汤",
696
+ "B": "九仙散",
697
+ "C": "连朴饮",
698
+ "D": "桑螵蛸散",
699
+ "E": "甘露消毒丹"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "C",
702
+ "reason": "连朴饮组成:制厚朴、连、石菖蒲、制半夏、香豉、焦栀、芦根。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "足月新生儿体长是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "35cm",
709
+ "B": "50cm",
710
+ "C": "55cm",
711
+ "D": "65cm",
712
+ "E": "75cm"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "B",
715
+ "reason": "小儿出生时身长约为50cm。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "以上药物中可消痈散结的是(",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "生地黄",
722
+ "B": "山慈菇",
723
+ "C": "牡丹皮",
724
+ "D": "水牛角",
725
+ "E": "银柴胡"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "B",
728
+ "reason": "山慈菇功效:清热解毒,消痈散结。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "组成中含有菖蒲、远志的方剂是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "三仁汤",
735
+ "B": "九仙散",
736
+ "C": "连朴饮",
737
+ "D": "桑螵蛸散",
738
+ "E": "甘露消毒丹"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "D",
741
+ "reason": "桑螵蛸散组成:桑螵蛸、远志、菖蒲、龙骨、人参、茯神、当归、炙龟甲。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "1岁幼儿体长是",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "35cm",
748
+ "B": "50cm",
749
+ "C": "55cm",
750
+ "D": "65cm",
751
+ "E": "75cm"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "E",
754
+ "reason": "出生后第一年身长增长最快,约25cm,故1岁幼儿体长是75cm。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "以上药物中可治疗湿热黄疸的是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "巴豆",
761
+ "B": "芫花",
762
+ "C": "大黄",
763
+ "D": "甘遂",
764
+ "E": "芒硝"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "C",
767
+ "reason": "大黄功效:泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。应用:①积滞便秘;②血热吐衄,目赤咽肿;③热毒疮疡,烧烫伤;④瘀血诸证;⑤湿热痢疾、黄疸、淋证。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "主治肾虚湿热带下的方剂是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "二妙散",
774
+ "B": "易黄汤",
775
+ "C": "完带汤",
776
+ "D": "参苓白术散",
777
+ "E": "龙胆泻肝汤"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "易黄汤主治:肾虚湿热带下。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "麻疹顺证病位是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "肺脾",
787
+ "B": "心脾",
788
+ "C": "脾胃",
789
+ "D": "肺肝",
790
+ "E": "肺胃"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "麻疹、奶麻、水痘、手足口病病位在肺脾。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "以上药物中可治疗血瘀经闭的是",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "巴豆",
800
+ "B": "芫花",
801
+ "C": "大黄",
802
+ "D": "甘遂",
803
+ "E": "芒硝"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "C",
806
+ "reason": "大黄可治疗血瘀经闭"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "主治脾虚肝郁,湿浊带下的方剂是",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "二妙散",
813
+ "B": "易黄汤",
814
+ "C": "完带汤",
815
+ "D": "参苓白术散",
816
+ "E": "龙胆泻肝汤"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "C",
819
+ "reason": "完带汤主治:脾虚肝郁,湿浊带下。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "丹痧病位是",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "肺脾",
826
+ "B": "心脾",
827
+ "C": "脾胃",
828
+ "D": "肺肝",
829
+ "E": "肺胃"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "E",
832
+ "reason": "丹痧病位在肺胃;风痧病位在肺卫。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "以上药物中可舒筋活络的是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "五加皮",
839
+ "B": "桑寄生",
840
+ "C": "狗脊",
841
+ "D": "木瓜",
842
+ "E": "川鸟"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "D",
845
+ "reason": "木瓜功效:舒筋活络,和胃化湿。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "具有行气解郁清热功用的方剂是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "越鞠丸",
852
+ "B": "半夏厚朴汤",
853
+ "C": "厚朴温中汤",
854
+ "D": "旋覆代赭汤",
855
+ "E": "天台乌药散"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "A",
858
+ "reason": "越鞠丸行气解郁。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "蛔虫病肠虫证疼痛部位是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "右下腹",
865
+ "B": "脐周",
866
+ "C": "左下腹",
867
+ "D": "右上腹",
868
+ "E": "无定处"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "B",
871
+ "reason": "蛔虫病肠虫证疼痛部位在脐周。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "以上药物中可温经止痛的是(",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "五加皮",
878
+ "B": "桑寄生",
879
+ "C": "狗脊",
880
+ "D": "木瓜",
881
+ "E": "川鸟"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "E",
884
+ "reason": "川鸟功效:祛风除湿,温经止痛。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "具有暖肝行气止痛功用的方剂是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "越鞠丸",
891
+ "B": "半夏厚朴汤",
892
+ "C": "厚朴温中汤",
893
+ "D": "旋覆代赭汤",
894
+ "E": "天台乌药散"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "E",
897
+ "reason": "天台乌药散行气疏肝,散寒止痛。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "蛔虫病蛔厥证疼痛部位是",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "右下腹",
904
+ "B": "脐周",
905
+ "C": "左下腹",
906
+ "D": "右上腹",
907
+ "E": "无定处"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "D",
910
+ "reason": "蛔虫病蛔厥证疼痛部位在右上腹或剑突下。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "白茅根的主治病证包括",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "肺热咳嗽",
917
+ "B": "肠燥便秘",
918
+ "C": "肺虚咳嗽",
919
+ "D": "瘀血痛证",
920
+ "E": "胃寒呕吐"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "A",
923
+ "reason": "白茅根功效:凉血止血,清热利尿,清肺胃热。主治:①血热出血证;②水肿、热淋、黄疸;③胃热呕吐、肺热咳嗽。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "薄荷在逍遥散中的主要作用是",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "疏散肺经风热",
930
+ "B": "疏达肝经郁热",
931
+ "C": "疏散头面风热",
932
+ "D": "辛凉透表散邪",
933
+ "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "B",
936
+ "reason": "逍遥主治片伟皿胜弱证,方中少许薄荷,疏散肝经郁遏之气,透达肝经郁遏之热。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "眩晕肝阳上亢的主症是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "眩晕,头痛,健忘,失眠",
943
+ "B": "眩晕,精神萎靡,腰膝酸软",
944
+ "C": "眩晕,动则加剧,面色㿠白",
945
+ "D": "眩晕耳鸣,头目胀痛,口苦",
946
+ "E": "眩晕,头重昏蒙,胸闷恶心"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "D",
949
+ "reason": "眩晕肝阳上亢证,表现为眩晕,耳鸣,头目胀痛,口苦,失眠多梦,遇烦劳郁怒而加重,甚则仆倒,颜面潮红,急躁易怒:肢麻震颤,舌红苔黄,脉弦或数。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "紫癜反复出现,面色苍黄,食欲不振,头晕心慌。治疗应首选的方剂是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "归脾汤",
956
+ "B": "黄连解毒汤",
957
+ "C": "犀角地黄汤",
958
+ "D": "清瘟败毒饮",
959
+ "E": "大补阴丸"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "A",
962
+ "reason": "紫癜反复出现,面色苍黄。食欲不振,头晕心慌,为气不摄血证。治法:健脾养心,益气摄血。代表方剂:归脾汤。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "蒲黄的主治病证包括",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "肺热咳嗽",
969
+ "B": "肠燥便秘",
970
+ "C": "肺虚咳嗽",
971
+ "D": "瘀血痛证",
972
+ "E": "胃寒呕吐"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "D",
975
+ "reason": "蒲黄功效:止血,化瘀,利尿。主治:①出血证;②瘀血痛证;③血淋尿血。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "薄荷在普济消毒饮中的主要作用是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "疏散肺经风热",
982
+ "B": "疏达肝经郁热",
983
+ "C": "疏散头面风热",
984
+ "D": "辛凉透表散邪",
985
+ "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "C",
988
+ "reason": "普济消毒饮主治大头瘟:方中以牛蒡子、连翘、薄荷、僵蚕辛凉疏散头面风热。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "眩晕肾精不足的主症是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "眩晕,头痛,健忘,失眠",
995
+ "B": "眩晕,精神萎靡,腰膝酸软",
996
+ "C": "眩晕,动则加剧,面色㿠白",
997
+ "D": "眩晕耳鸣,头目胀痛,口苦",
998
+ "E": "眩晕,头重昏蒙,胸闷恶心"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "B",
1001
+ "reason": "眩晕肾精不足证,表现为眩晕日久不愈,精神萎靡,腰酸膝软,少寐多梦,健忘,两目干涩,视力减退等。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "紫癜反复出现,血色鲜红,低热盗汗,心烦少寐。治疗应首选的方剂是",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "归脾汤",
1008
+ "B": "黄��解毒汤",
1009
+ "C": "犀角地黄汤",
1010
+ "D": "清瘟败毒饮",
1011
+ "E": "大补阴丸"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "E",
1014
+ "reason": "紫癜反复出现,血色鲜红,低热盗汗,心烦少寐,为阴虚火旺证。治法:滋阴降火,凉血止血。代表方剂:大补阴丸、知柏地黄丸。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "可以治疗咳嗽与蛲虫病的是",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "百部",
1021
+ "B": "紫苑",
1022
+ "C": "决明子",
1023
+ "D": "桑白皮",
1024
+ "E": "紫苏子"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "A",
1027
+ "reason": "百部功效:润肺止咳,杀虫灭虱。应用:①新久咳嗽、百日咳、肺痨咳嗽;②蛲虫病、阴道滴虫、头虱及疥癣等。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "上述各项,常出现咳嗽、咯血伴低热、盗汗的是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "上呼吸道感染",
1034
+ "B": "胸膜炎",
1035
+ "C": "喉头水肿",
1036
+ "D": "支气管扩张症",
1037
+ "E": "肺结核"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "E",
1040
+ "reason": "咳嗽、咯血伴低热、盗汗多123.E见于肺结核。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "上述表现中属于癫证的是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "精神抑郁,表情淡漠,痴呆沉默,语无伦次,静而多喜",
1047
+ "B": "表情呆滞,沉默寡言,记忆减退,失认失算,口齿含糊",
1048
+ "C": "突然昏倒,不省人事,四肢厥冷,呼吸气粗,口噤握拳",
1049
+ "D": "精神亢奋,狂躁不安,喧扰不宁,骂詈毁物,动而多怒",
1050
+ "E": "突然昏仆,不省人事,牙关紧闭,面红,痰鸣气粗"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "A",
1053
+ "reason": "疯证以精神抑郁,表情淡漠,沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多喜为特征。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎的确诊依据是",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "脑脊液分离出脑膜炎奈瑟菌",
1060
+ "B": "高热、头痛、呕吐",
1061
+ "C": "脑膜刺激征",
1062
+ "D": "白细胞明显增加",
1063
+ "E": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "A",
1066
+ "reason": "细菌学检测为流行性脑脊髓膜炎确诊的主要依据。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "可以治疗咳嗽与便秘的是",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "百部",
1073
+ "B": "紫苑",
1074
+ "C": "决明子",
1075
+ "D": "桑白皮",
1076
+ "E": "紫苏子"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "E",
1079
+ "reason": "紫苏子功效:降气化痰,止咳平喘,润肠通便。应用:①咳喘痰多;②肠燥便秘。"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "上述各项,常出现咳嗽、咯血伴大量脓痰的是",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "上呼吸道感染",
1086
+ "B": "胸膜炎",
1087
+ "C": "喉头水肿",
1088
+ "D": "支气管扩张症",
1089
+ "E": "肺结核"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "D",
1092
+ "reason": "咳嗽、咯血伴大量脓痰多见于支气管扩张症。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "上述表现中属于狂证的是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "精神抑郁,表情淡漠,痴呆沉默,语无伦次,静而多喜",
1099
+ "B": "表情呆滞,沉默寡言,记忆减退,失认失算,口齿含糊",
1100
+ "C": "突然昏倒,不省人事,四肢厥冷,呼吸气粗,口噤握拳",
1101
+ "D": "精神亢奋,狂躁不安,喧扰不宁,骂詈毁物,动而多怒",
1102
+ "E": "突然昏仆,不省人事,牙关紧闭,面红,痰鸣气粗"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "D",
1105
+ "reason": "狂证以精神亢奋,狂躁不安,喧扰不宁,骂冒毁物,动而多怒为特征。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎与化脓性脑脊髓膜炎鉴别的依据是",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "脑脊液分离出脑膜炎奈瑟菌",
1112
+ "B": "高热、头痛、呕吐",
1113
+ "C": "脑膜刺激征",
1114
+ "D": "白细胞明显增加",
1115
+ "E": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "A",
1118
+ "reason": "细菌学检测也是与其他化脓性脑脊髓膜炎鉴别的依据。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "具有补肾助阳,润肠通便功效的是",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "沙苑子",
1125
+ "B": "大枣",
1126
+ "C": "锁阳",
1127
+ "D": "山药",
1128
+ "E": "巴戟天"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "C",
1131
+ "reason": "锁阳功效:补肾助阳,润肠通便。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "急性阑尾炎的腹痛特点是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "腹部胀痛",
1138
+ "B": "转移性右下腹痛",
1139
+ "C": "周期性、节律性上腹隐痛",
1140
+ "D": "右上腹部剧烈绞痛",
1141
+ "E": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴板状腹"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "B",
1144
+ "reason": "急性阑尾炎为转移性右下腹疼痛。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "治疗胁痛肝胆湿热证的首选方剂是",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "复元活血汤",
1151
+ "B": "一贯煎",
1152
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
1153
+ "D": "温胆汤",
1154
+ "E": "柴胡疏肝散"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "C",
1157
+ "reason": "胁���肝胆湿热证,为湿热瘀结,肝胆失疏,络脉失和所致,治宜清利湿热,方选龙胆泻肝汤加减,"
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "早期出现低血容量性休克的是",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "流行性出血热",
1164
+ "B": "霍乱",
1165
+ "C": "中毒型痢疾",
1166
+ "D": "阿米巴痢疾",
1167
+ "E": "伤寒"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "A",
1170
+ "reason": "流行性出血热低血压休克期一般发生于第4~6病日,主要为低血容量性休克的表现。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "具有补肾助阳,祛风除湿功效的是",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "沙苑子",
1177
+ "B": "大枣",
1178
+ "C": "锁阳",
1179
+ "D": "山药",
1180
+ "E": "巴戟天"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "E",
1183
+ "reason": "巴戟天功效:补肾助阳,祛风除湿。"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "急性弥漫性腹膜炎的腹痛特点是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "腹部胀痛",
1190
+ "B": "转移性右下腹痛",
1191
+ "C": "周期性、节律性上腹隐痛",
1192
+ "D": "右上腹部剧烈绞痛",
1193
+ "E": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴板状腹"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "E",
1196
+ "reason": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴腹肌紧张或板状腹,提示为急性弥漫性腹膜炎。"
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "治疗胁痛瘀血阻滞证的首选方剂是",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "复元活血汤",
1203
+ "B": "一贯煎",
1204
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
1205
+ "D": "温胆汤",
1206
+ "E": "柴胡疏肝散"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "A",
1209
+ "reason": "胁痛瘀血阻滞证,为瘀血停滞,络脉痹阻所致,治宜祛瘀通络,方选血府逐瘀汤或复元活血汤加减"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "早期出现感染性休克的是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "流行性出血热",
1216
+ "B": "霍乱",
1217
+ "C": "中毒型痢疾",
1218
+ "D": "阿米巴痢疾",
1219
+ "E": "伤寒"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "C",
1222
+ "reason": "中毒型细菌性痢疾休克型以感染性休古为主要表现。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "可以补益肝肾的药物是",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "西洋参",
1229
+ "B": "大枣",
1230
+ "C": "麦冬",
1231
+ "D": "山药",
1232
+ "E": "女贞子"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "E",
1235
+ "reason": "女贞子功效:滋补肝肾,乌须明目。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "胃癌出现淋巴结转移常见的部位是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "腹股沟淋巴结",
1242
+ "B": "右锁骨上窝淋巴结",
1243
+ "C": "左锁骨上窝淋巴结",
1244
+ "D": "颈部淋巴结",
1245
+ "E": "腋下淋巴结"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "C",
1248
+ "reason": "左锁骨上窝淋巴结肿大多为腹腔脏器癌肿(胃癌、肝癌、结肠癌等)转移。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "劳疟的特点是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "寒甚热微,或但寒不热,或呕吐腹泻,甚则嗜睡不语,神志昏蒙",
1255
+ "B": "发作时热多寒少,汗出不畅,头痛,骨节酸痛",
1256
+ "C": "每日或间一两日发作一次,寒热休作有时",
1257
+ "D": "发作时热少寒多,口不渴,胸闷脘痞,神疲体倦",
1258
+ "E": "每遇劳则易发作,发时寒热较轻,面色萎黄,倦怠乏力"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "E",
1261
+ "reason": "劳疟的病机为疟邪久留气血耗伤,故见疟邪迁延日久,每遇劳则易发作,发时寒热较轻,面色萎黄,倦怠乏力。"
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "艾滋病的主要传染途径有",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "性传播",
1268
+ "B": "黏膜接触传播",
1269
+ "C": "空气传播",
1270
+ "D": "蚊虫叮咬",
1271
+ "E": "消化道传播"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "A",
1274
+ "reason": "艾滋病的主要传播途径:性接触传播、血源传播,母婴传播。"
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "可以养血安神的药物",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "西洋参",
1281
+ "B": "大枣",
1282
+ "C": "麦冬",
1283
+ "D": "山药",
1284
+ "E": "女贞子"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "B",
1287
+ "reason": "大枣功效:补中益气,养血安神。"
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "肺癌出现淋巴结转移常见的部位是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "腹股沟淋巴结",
1294
+ "B": "右锁骨上窝淋巴结",
1295
+ "C": "左锁骨上窝淋巴结",
1296
+ "D": "颈部淋巴结",
1297
+ "E": "腋下淋巴结"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "B",
1300
+ "reason": "右锁骨上窝淋巴结肿大多为胸腔脏器癌肿(肺病、食管瘤等)转移"
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "冷瘴的特点是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "寒甚热微,或但寒不热,或呕吐腹泻,甚则嗜睡不语,神志昏蒙",
1307
+ "B": "发作时热多寒少,汗出不畅,头痛,骨节酸痛",
1308
+ "C": "每日或间一两日发作一次,寒热休作有时",
1309
+ "D": "发作时热少寒多,口不渴,胸闷脘痞,神疲体倦",
1310
+ "E": "每遇劳则易发作,发时寒热较轻,面色萎黄��倦怠乏力"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "A",
1313
+ "reason": "冷瘴的病机为邪内盛湿浊蒙蔽清窍,故见寒甚热微,或但寒不热,或呕吐腹泻,甚则嗜睡不语,神志昏蒙。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "狂犬病的传播途径有",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "性传播",
1320
+ "B": "黏膜接触传播",
1321
+ "C": "空气传播",
1322
+ "D": "蚊虫叮咬",
1323
+ "E": "消化道传播"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "B",
1326
+ "reason": "狂犬病主要通过被患病动物咬伤传播;黏膜也是病毒的重要侵人门户,如眼结膜被病兽唾液玷污、肛门黏膜被狗触舔等。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "治疗血瘀证,应选用的药物是",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "阿胶",
1333
+ "B": "白苈",
1334
+ "C": "当归",
1335
+ "D": "熟地黄",
1336
+ "E": "何首乌"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "C",
1339
+ "reason": "当归:补血调经,活血止痛,润肠通便,用于血瘀证。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "可出现抬举性心尖搏动的是",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "左侧气胸",
1346
+ "B": "左心室肥大",
1347
+ "C": "肺气肿",
1348
+ "D": "黏连性心包炎",
1349
+ "E": "心包积液"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "B",
1352
+ "reason": "左心室肥大时,心尖搏动呈抬举性。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "行痹的主症是",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "关节酸痛,游走不定,屈伸不利",
1359
+ "B": "关节疼痛较剧,痛有定处,得热痛减,遇寒痛增",
1360
+ "C": "肢体关节重着、酸痛,或肿胀",
1361
+ "D": "关节疼痛,局部灼热红肿",
1362
+ "E": "关节红肿,疼痛剧烈,入夜尤甚,壮热烦渴"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "A",
1365
+ "reason": "痹痛游走不定者为行痹属风邪盛。了解相了关节酸痛,重着温助老为着痹,属湿邪盛"
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "人感染高致病性禽流感的医学观察病例是指",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "1周内有流行病学接触史者,出现流感样症状,对其进行7日医学观察",
1372
+ "B": "病毒分离阳性",
1373
+ "C": "有流行病学史和临床表现,患者呼吸道分泌物标本采用甲型流感病毒和H5型单克隆抗体抗原检测阳性者",
1374
+ "D": "被诊断为疑似病例,且与其有共同暴露史的人被诊断为确诊病例者",
1375
+ "E": "2周内有流行病学接触史者,出现流感样症状"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "A",
1378
+ "reason": "医学观察病例:1周内有接触史,出现流感样症状,对其进行7日医学观察。"
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "治疗出血证,应选用的药物是",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "阿胶",
1385
+ "B": "白苈",
1386
+ "C": "当归",
1387
+ "D": "熟地黄",
1388
+ "E": "何首乌"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "A",
1391
+ "reason": "阿胶:补血、滋阴、润肺、止血,用于出血证,为止血要药。"
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "可出现负性心尖搏动的是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "左侧气胸",
1398
+ "B": "左心室肥大",
1399
+ "C": "肺气肿",
1400
+ "D": "黏连性心包炎",
1401
+ "E": "心包积液"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "D",
1404
+ "reason": "负性心尖搏动见于黏连性心包炎,也可见于显著右心室肥大时。"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "着痹的主症是",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "关节酸痛,游走不定,屈伸不利",
1411
+ "B": "关节疼痛较剧,痛有定处,得热痛减,遇寒痛增",
1412
+ "C": "肢体关节重着、酸痛,或肿胀",
1413
+ "D": "关节疼痛,局部灼热红肿",
1414
+ "E": "关节红肿,疼痛剧烈,入夜尤甚,壮热烦渴"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "C",
1417
+ "reason": "关节酸痛、重着、漫肿者为着痹,属风邪盛。"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "人感染高致病性禽流感的确诊病例是指",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "1周内有流行病学接触史者,出现流感样症状,对其进行7日医学观察",
1424
+ "B": "病毒分离阳性",
1425
+ "C": "有流行病学史和临床表现,患者呼吸道分泌物标本采用甲型流感病毒和H5型单克隆抗体抗原检测阳性者",
1426
+ "D": "被诊断为疑似病例,且与其有共同暴露史的人被诊断为确诊病例者",
1427
+ "E": "2周内有流行病学接触史者,出现流感样症状"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "B",
1430
+ "reason": "确诊病例:临床诊断病例呼吸道分泌物分离出病毒或采用RT一PCR检测到病毒基因,且发病初期和恢复期双份血清抗体滴度4倍或以上升高。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "根据体质特征,确定用药宜忌,体质偏阳者忌用",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "甘淡利水药",
1437
+ "B": "辛散苦泄药",
1438
+ "C": "辛热温散药",
1439
+ "D": "芳香化浊药",
1440
+ "E": "苦寒泻火药"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "C",
1443
+ "reason": "一般来说,体质偏阳者宜甘寒、酸寒、咸寒、清润,忌辛热温散。"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "急���胆囊炎出现的体征是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "麦氏点压痛",
1450
+ "B": "墨菲征阳性",
1451
+ "C": "波波震颤阳性",
1452
+ "D": "振水音阳性",
1453
+ "E": "移动性浊音阳性"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "B",
1456
+ "reason": "墨菲征(Murphy)阳性可见急性胆斑炎"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "治疗咳嗽风燥伤肺证,应首选",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "桔梗杏仁煎",
1463
+ "B": "银翘散",
1464
+ "C": "月华丸",
1465
+ "D": "桑杏汤",
1466
+ "E": "加味桔梗汤"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "D",
1469
+ "reason": "咳嗽风燥伤肺证,治当疏风清肺,润燥止咳,方选桑杏汤加减。"
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "可用坐浴法治疗的疾病是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "癥瘕",
1476
+ "B": "不孕症",
1477
+ "C": "痛经",
1478
+ "D": "带下病",
1479
+ "E": "外阴炎"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "D",
1482
+ "reason": "坐浴起到清热解毒、杀虫止痒、消肿止痛及软化局部组织的治疗作用。适用于阴疮、阴痒、带下量多等。"
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "根据体质特征,确定用药宜忌,体质偏阴者忌用",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "甘淡利水药",
1489
+ "B": "辛散苦泄药",
1490
+ "C": "辛热温散药",
1491
+ "D": "芳香化浊药",
1492
+ "E": "苦寒泻火药"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "E",
1495
+ "reason": "体质偏阴者宜温补益火,忌苦寒泻火。"
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "幽门梗阻出现的体征是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "麦氏点压痛",
1502
+ "B": "墨菲征阳性",
1503
+ "C": "波波震颤阳性",
1504
+ "D": "振水音阳性",
1505
+ "E": "移动性浊音阳性"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "D",
1508
+ "reason": "正常人餐后或饮入多量液体时,上腹部可出现振水音。但若在空腹或餐后6~8小时以上仍有此音,则提示胃内有液体潴留,见于胃扩张、幽门梗阻及胃液分泌过多等。"
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "治疗肺痈溃脓期,应首选",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "桔梗杏仁煎",
1515
+ "B": "银翘散",
1516
+ "C": "月华丸",
1517
+ "D": "桑杏汤",
1518
+ "E": "加味桔梗汤"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "E",
1521
+ "reason": "肺痈溃脓期,治当排脓解毒,方选加味桔梗汤加减,"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "可用阴道纳药法治疗的疾病是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "癥瘕",
1528
+ "B": "不孕症",
1529
+ "C": "痛经",
1530
+ "D": "带下病",
1531
+ "E": "外阴炎"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "D",
1534
+ "reason": "阴道纳药起到清热解毒杀虫止痒、除湿止带、祛腐生肌等治疗作用。适用于带下病、阴痒、阴道炎、子宫脱垂等。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "具有抗毒楚碱作用的药物是",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "地塞米松",
1541
+ "B": "呋塞米",
1542
+ "C": "阿托品",
1543
+ "D": "碘解磷定",
1544
+ "E": "甘露醇"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "C",
1547
+ "reason": "具有抗毒碱作用的药物是阿托品。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "上述各项,可出现巴宾斯基征阳性的是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "高血压病",
1554
+ "B": "锥体束病变",
1555
+ "C": "蛛网膜下隙出血",
1556
+ "D": "坐骨神经痛",
1557
+ "E": "腰椎间盘突出"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "B",
1560
+ "reason": "巴宾斯基征阳性提示锥体束病变。"
1561
+ },
1562
+ {
1563
+ "question_num": 121,
1564
+ "query": "肺痈多见",
1565
+ "options": {
1566
+ "A": "虚热",
1567
+ "B": "实热",
1568
+ "C": "上虚下实",
1569
+ "D": "上实下虚",
1570
+ "E": "虚实夹杂"
1571
+ },
1572
+ "answer": "B",
1573
+ "reason": "肺痈总属邪热郁肺,蒸液成痰,邪阻肺络,血滞为瘀,而致痰热与瘀血互结,酝酿成痈,血败肉腐化脓,肺损络伤,脓疡破溃外泄,其病理主要表现为邪盛的实热证,脓疡溃后方见阴伤气耗之象。"
1574
+ },
1575
+ {
1576
+ "question_num": 122,
1577
+ "query": "不属于月经后期常见证候的是",
1578
+ "options": {
1579
+ "A": "血虚证",
1580
+ "B": "痰湿证",
1581
+ "C": "血瘀证",
1582
+ "D": "肾虚证",
1583
+ "E": "气滞证"
1584
+ },
1585
+ "answer": "C",
1586
+ "reason": "月经后期常见证候有肾虚证、血虚证、血寒证、气滞证、痰湿证。"
1587
+ },
1588
+ {
1589
+ "question_num": 123,
1590
+ "query": "胆碱酯酶复活剂是",
1591
+ "options": {
1592
+ "A": "地塞米松",
1593
+ "B": "呋塞米",
1594
+ "C": "阿托品",
1595
+ "D": "碘解磷定",
1596
+ "E": "甘露醇"
1597
+ },
1598
+ "answer": "D",
1599
+ "reason": "胆碱酯酶复活剂是碘解磷定"
1600
+ },
1601
+ {
1602
+ "question_num": 124,
1603
+ "query": "上述各项,可出现颈项强直的是",
1604
+ "options": {
1605
+ "A": "高血压病",
1606
+ "B": "锥体束病变",
1607
+ "C": "蛛网膜下隙出血",
1608
+ "D": "坐骨神经痛",
1609
+ "E": "腰椎间盘突出"
1610
+ },
1611
+ "answer": "C",
1612
+ "reason": "颈强直见于脑膜炎、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑脊液压力增高等;也可见于颈部疾病。"
1613
+ },
1614
+ {
1615
+ "question_num": 125,
1616
+ "query": "肺痿多见",
1617
+ "options": {
1618
+ "A": "虚热",
1619
+ "B": "实热",
1620
+ "C": "上虚下实",
1621
+ "D": "上实下虚",
1622
+ "E": "虚实夹杂"
1623
+ },
1624
+ "answer": "A",
1625
+ "reason": "肺癌发病机理:肺脏虚损津气严重耗伤,以致肺叶枯萎。临床以虚热证多见,但久延伤气,亦可转为虚寒证。"
1626
+ },
1627
+ {
1628
+ "question_num": 126,
1629
+ "query": "不属于月经过少常见证候的是",
1630
+ "options": {
1631
+ "A": "血虚证",
1632
+ "B": "痰湿证",
1633
+ "C": "血瘀证",
1634
+ "D": "肾虚证",
1635
+ "E": "气滞证"
1636
+ },
1637
+ "answer": "E",
1638
+ "reason": "月经过少常见证候有肾虚证、血证、血瘀证、湿证。"
1639
+ },
1640
+ {
1641
+ "question_num": 127,
1642
+ "query": "急性心肌梗死引起的休克,属于",
1643
+ "options": {
1644
+ "A": "低血容量性休克",
1645
+ "B": "中毒性休克",
1646
+ "C": "心源性休克",
1647
+ "D": "过敏性休克",
1648
+ "E": "神经源性休克"
1649
+ },
1650
+ "answer": "C",
1651
+ "reason": "由急性心肌梗死而引起的休克,属于心源性休克。"
1652
+ },
1653
+ {
1654
+ "question_num": 128,
1655
+ "query": "符合左前分支传导阻滞的表现是",
1656
+ "options": {
1657
+ "A": "逆行性P波",
1658
+ "B": "异常Q波",
1659
+ "C": "QRS波群时间>0.12秒",
1660
+ "D": "心电轴左偏",
1661
+ "E": "心电轴右偏"
1662
+ },
1663
+ "answer": "D",
1664
+ "reason": "心电轴左偏,可见于左心室肥大、左前分支传导阻滞、大量腹水、肥胖、妊娠、横位心脏等。"
1665
+ },
1666
+ {
1667
+ "question_num": 129,
1668
+ "query": "胸痹血瘀气滞并重,胸闷痛甚者,可加",
1669
+ "options": {
1670
+ "A": "肉桂、细辛、高良姜",
1671
+ "B": "乳香、没药、郁金",
1672
+ "C": "沉香、檀香、荜茇",
1673
+ "D": "人参、黄芪",
1674
+ "E": "薤白、苏木"
1675
+ },
1676
+ "answer": "C",
1677
+ "reason": "胸痹血瘀气滞并重,胸闷痛甚者,可加沉香、香、荜茇等辛香理气止痛之药。"
1678
+ },
1679
+ {
1680
+ "question_num": 130,
1681
+ "query": "经断复来之脾虚肝郁证的治疗方剂是",
1682
+ "options": {
1683
+ "A": "两地汤",
1684
+ "B": "安老汤",
1685
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
1686
+ "D": "清血养阴汤",
1687
+ "E": "归脾汤"
1688
+ },
1689
+ "answer": "B",
1690
+ "reason": "经断复来脾虚肝郁证的治法为健脾调肝,安冲止血,方用安老汤。"
1691
+ },
1692
+ {
1693
+ "question_num": 131,
1694
+ "query": "肌内注射青霉素引起的休克,属于",
1695
+ "options": {
1696
+ "A": "低血容量性休克",
1697
+ "B": "中毒性休克",
1698
+ "C": "心源性休克",
1699
+ "D": "过敏性休克",
1700
+ "E": "神经源性休克"
1701
+ },
1702
+ "answer": "D",
1703
+ "reason": "由肌内注射青霉素引起的休克,属于过敏性休克。"
1704
+ },
1705
+ {
1706
+ "question_num": 132,
1707
+ "query": "符合左后分支传导阻滞的表现是",
1708
+ "options": {
1709
+ "A": "逆行性P波",
1710
+ "B": "异常Q波",
1711
+ "C": "QRS波群时间>0.12秒",
1712
+ "D": "心电轴左偏",
1713
+ "E": "心电轴右偏"
1714
+ },
1715
+ "answer": "E",
1716
+ "reason": "心电轴右偏,可见于右心室肥大、左后分支传导阻滞、广泛心肌梗死、肺气肿、垂直位心脏等。"
1717
+ },
1718
+ {
1719
+ "question_num": 133,
1720
+ "query": "胸痹瘀血痹阻重证,胸痛剧烈,可加",
1721
+ "options": {
1722
+ "A": "肉桂、细辛、高良姜",
1723
+ "B": "乳香、没药、郁金",
1724
+ "C": "沉香、檀香、荜茇",
1725
+ "D": "人参、黄芪",
1726
+ "E": "薤白、苏木"
1727
+ },
1728
+ "answer": "B",
1729
+ "reason": "胸痹瘀血痹阻重证,胸痛剧烈,可加乳香、没药、郁金、降香、丹参等,加强活血理气之功。"
1730
+ },
1731
+ {
1732
+ "question_num": 134,
1733
+ "query": "月经先期之阴虚血热证的治疗方剂是",
1734
+ "options": {
1735
+ "A": "两地汤",
1736
+ "B": "安老汤",
1737
+ "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
1738
+ "D": "清血养阴汤",
1739
+ "E": "归脾汤"
1740
+ },
1741
+ "answer": "A",
1742
+ "reason": "月经先期之阴虚血热证的治法为养阴清热调经,方用两地汤。"
1743
+ },
1744
+ {
1745
+ "question_num": 135,
1746
+ "query": "鉴别1型和2型糖尿病的主要指标是",
1747
+ "options": {
1748
+ "A": "血浆胰岛素测定",
1749
+ "B": "葡萄糖耐量试验",
1750
+ "C": "糖化血红蛋白",
1751
+ "D": "尿糖",
1752
+ "E": "空腹血糖"
1753
+ },
1754
+ "answer": "A",
1755
+ "reason": "鉴别1型和2型糖尿病的主要指标是血浆胰岛素测定和胰岛B细胞功能了解。"
1756
+ },
1757
+ {
1758
+ "question_num": 136,
1759
+ "query": "诊断急性心肌梗死的确定性标志物是",
1760
+ "options": {
1761
+ "A": "肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)",
1762
+ "B": "天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)",
1763
+ "C": "碱性磷酸酶同工酶(ALP)",
1764
+ "D": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)",
1765
+ "E": "乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)"
1766
+ },
1767
+ "answer": "A",
1768
+ "reason": "cTnT是诊断AMI的确定性标志物。"
1769
+ },
1770
+ {
1771
+ "question_num": 137,
1772
+ "query": "中风恢复期风痰瘀阻证,治疗宜选",
1773
+ "options": {
1774
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
1775
+ "B": "左归丸",
1776
+ "C": "地黄饮子",
1777
+ "D": "解语丹",
1778
+ "E": "七福饮"
1779
+ },
1780
+ "answer": "D",
1781
+ "reason": "中风恢复期风痰瘀阻证治当搜风化痰,行瘀通络,方选解语丹加减。"
1782
+ },
1783
+ {
1784
+ "question_num": 138,
1785
+ "query": "治疗带下过少血枯瘀阻证,应首选的方剂是",
1786
+ "options": {
1787
+ "A": "左归丸",
1788
+ "B": "右归丸",
1789
+ "C": "完带汤",
1790
+ "D": "小营煎",
1791
+ "E": "六味地黄丸"
1792
+ },
1793
+ "answer": "D",
1794
+ "reason": "带下过少血枯瘀阻证的治法为补皿态稍,活皿化淤,力用小宫感川桃仁、牛膝。"
1795
+ },
1796
+ {
1797
+ "question_num": 139,
1798
+ "query": "判断近2~3个月血糖控制程度的指标是",
1799
+ "options": {
1800
+ "A": "血浆胰岛素测定",
1801
+ "B": "葡萄糖耐量试验",
1802
+ "C": "糖化血红蛋白",
1803
+ "D": "尿糖",
1804
+ "E": "空腹血糖"
1805
+ },
1806
+ "answer": "C",
1807
+ "reason": "判断近2~3个月血糖控制程度的指标是糖化血红蛋白,"
1808
+ },
1809
+ {
1810
+ "question_num": 140,
1811
+ "query": "胆道癌性梗阻时100%增高的酶是",
1812
+ "options": {
1813
+ "A": "肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)",
1814
+ "B": "天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)",
1815
+ "C": "碱性磷酸酶同工酶(ALP)",
1816
+ "D": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)",
1817
+ "E": "乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)"
1818
+ },
1819
+ "answer": "C",
1820
+ "reason": "各种肝内、外胆道阻塞性疾病,如胰头癌、胆道结石、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、肝内胆汁淤积等。ALP明显升高,以ALP为主,尤其是癌性梗阻时,100%出现ALP,且ALP>ALP.."
1821
+ },
1822
+ {
1823
+ "question_num": 141,
1824
+ "query": "中风恢复期气虚络瘀证,治疗宜选",
1825
+ "options": {
1826
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
1827
+ "B": "左归丸",
1828
+ "C": "地黄饮子",
1829
+ "D": "解语丹",
1830
+ "E": "七福饮"
1831
+ },
1832
+ "answer": "A",
1833
+ "reason": "中风恢复期气虚络瘀证治当益气养血,化瘀通络,方选补阳还五汤小。"
1834
+ },
1835
+ {
1836
+ "question_num": 142,
1837
+ "query": "治疗带下过多脾虚证,应首选的方剂是",
1838
+ "options": {
1839
+ "A": "左归丸",
1840
+ "B": "右归丸",
1841
+ "C": "完带汤",
1842
+ "D": "小营煎",
1843
+ "E": "六味地黄丸"
1844
+ },
1845
+ "answer": "C",
1846
+ "reason": "带下过多脾虚的治法为健脾益气,升阳除湿,方用完带汤。"
1847
+ },
1848
+ {
1849
+ "question_num": 143,
1850
+ "query": "P波与QRS波群无固定关系,可见室性自发心律的心电图表现是",
1851
+ "options": {
1852
+ "A": "一度房室传导阻滞",
1853
+ "B": "二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞",
1854
+ "C": "二度I型房窒传导阻滞",
1855
+ "D": "三度房室传导阻滞",
1856
+ "E": "窦房传导阻滞"
1857
+ },
1858
+ "answer": "D",
1859
+ "reason": "三度房室传导阻滞时,心电图表现为P波与QRS波无固定关系。"
1860
+ },
1861
+ {
1862
+ "question_num": 144,
1863
+ "query": "上述各项,X线可见肺内哑铃状双极现象的是",
1864
+ "options": {
1865
+ "A": "急性粟粒型肺结核",
1866
+ "B": "慢性血行播散型肺结核",
1867
+ "C": "原发性肺结核",
1868
+ "D": "继发性肺结核",
1869
+ "E": "结核性胸膜炎"
1870
+ },
1871
+ "answer": "C",
1872
+ "reason": "原发性肺结核原发综合征是由肺内原发灶、淋巴管炎及淋巴结炎三者组成的哑铃状双极现象。"
1873
+ },
1874
+ {
1875
+ "question_num": 145,
1876
+ "query": "上星穴的定位是",
1877
+ "options": {
1878
+ "A": "胸骨上窝正中",
1879
+ "B": "颏唇沟的正中凹陷处",
1880
+ "C": "人中沟的上1/3与下2/3交界处",
1881
+ "D": "鼻尖正中",
1882
+ "E": "囟会穴前1寸,前发际正中直上1寸"
1883
+ },
1884
+ "answer": "E",
1885
+ "reason": "上星穴位于囟会穴前1寸,或前发际正中直上1寸。"
1886
+ },
1887
+ {
1888
+ "question_num": 146,
1889
+ "query": "子晕气血虚弱证,治疗应首选的方剂是",
1890
+ "options": {
1891
+ "A": "逍遥散",
1892
+ "B": "香砂六君子汤",
1893
+ "C": "四君子汤",
1894
+ "D": "八珍汤",
1895
+ "E": "四物汤"
1896
+ },
1897
+ "answer": "D",
1898
+ "reason": "子晕气血虚弱证的治法为调补气血,方用八珍汤加首鸟、钩藤、石决明。"
1899
+ },
1900
+ {
1901
+ "question_num": 147,
1902
+ "query": "PR间期固定,QRS波群有脱漏的心图表现是",
1903
+ "options": {
1904
+ "A": "一度房室传导阻滞",
1905
+ "B": "二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞",
1906
+ "C": "二度I型房窒传导阻滞",
1907
+ "D": "三度房室传导阻滞",
1908
+ "E": "窦房传导阻滞"
1909
+ },
1910
+ "answer": "B",
1911
+ "reason": "二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻潜心电图可表现为PR间期固定,QRS波有脱漏。"
1912
+ },
1913
+ {
1914
+ "question_num": 148,
1915
+ "query": "上述各项,X线可见渗出、增殖、播散、纤维和空洞等多种性质病灶同时存在的是",
1916
+ "options": {
1917
+ "A": "急性粟粒型肺结核",
1918
+ "B": "慢性血行播散型肺结核",
1919
+ "C": "原发性肺结核",
1920
+ "D": "继发性肺结核",
1921
+ "E": "结核性胸膜炎"
1922
+ },
1923
+ "answer": "B",
1924
+ "reason": "慢性血行播散型肺结核:X线可见上、中肺野为主的大小不一、密度不同、分布不均的多种性质(渗出、增殖、钙化、纤维化、空洞等)病灶。"
1925
+ },
1926
+ {
1927
+ "question_num": 149,
1928
+ "query": "素髎穴的定位是",
1929
+ "options": {
1930
+ "A": "胸骨上窝正中",
1931
+ "B": "颏唇沟的正中凹陷处",
1932
+ "C": "人中沟的上1/3与下2/3交界处",
1933
+ "D": "鼻尖正中",
1934
+ "E": "囟会穴前1寸,前发际正中直上1寸"
1935
+ },
1936
+ "answer": "D",
1937
+ "reason": "素髎穴位于鼻尖正中"
1938
+ },
1939
+ {
1940
+ "question_num": 150,
1941
+ "query": "妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证,治疗应首选的方剂是",
1942
+ "options": {
1943
+ "A": "逍遥散",
1944
+ "B": "香砂六君子汤",
1945
+ "C": "四君子汤",
1946
+ "D": "八珍汤",
1947
+ "E": "四物汤"
1948
+ },
1949
+ "answer": "B",
1950
+ "reason": "妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证的治法为健脾和胃,降逆止呕,方用香砂六君子汤。"
1951
+ },
1952
+ {
1953
+ "question_num": 151,
1954
+ "query": "上述各项中,有助于白血病分型诊断及治疗监测的是",
1955
+ "options": {
1956
+ "A": "血象",
1957
+ "B": "骨髓象",
1958
+ "C": "细胞化学染色",
1959
+ "D": "细胞遗传学检查",
1960
+ "E": "血生化"
1961
+ },
1962
+ "answer": "D",
1963
+ "reason": "细胞遗传学检查有助于白血病分型诊断及治疗监测。"
1964
+ },
1965
+ {
1966
+ "question_num": 152,
1967
+ "query": "小儿外感风寒常见到的指纹是",
1968
+ "options": {
1969
+ "A": "指纹淡白",
1970
+ "B": "指纹色青",
1971
+ "C": "指纹鲜红",
1972
+ "D": "指纹紫红",
1973
+ "E": "指纹紫黑"
1974
+ },
1975
+ "answer": "C",
1976
+ "reason": "指纹鲜红属外感表证寒证。"
1977
+ },
1978
+ {
1979
+ "question_num": 153,
1980
+ "query": "具有离、入、出、合的循行特点的是",
1981
+ "options": {
1982
+ "A": "十二经别",
1983
+ "B": "十二经筋",
1984
+ "C": "十二皮部",
1985
+ "D": "十五络脉",
1986
+ "E": "奇经八脉"
1987
+ },
1988
+ "answer": "A",
1989
+ "reason": "十二经别,是从十二经脉别行分出,深人躯体深部,循行于胸、腹及头部的经脉,是十二经脉中最重要的支脉,循行特点可用“离、人、出、合”来概括。"
1990
+ },
1991
+ {
1992
+ "question_num": 154,
1993
+ "query": "胎动不安可用胎元饮治疗的证候是",
1994
+ "options": {
1995
+ "A": "血热证",
1996
+ "B": "脾肾虚弱证",
1997
+ "C": "肾阳亏虚证",
1998
+ "D": "气血虚弱证",
1999
+ "E": "血瘀证"
2000
+ },
2001
+ "answer": "D",
2002
+ "reason": "胎元饮补气养血,固肾安胎,用于气血虚弱导致的胎动不安。"
2003
+ },
2004
+ {
2005
+ "question_num": 155,
2006
+ "query": "上述各项中,有助于急性白血病分类鉴别的是",
2007
+ "options": {
2008
+ "A": "血象",
2009
+ "B": "骨髓象",
2010
+ "C": "细胞化学染色",
2011
+ "D": "细胞遗传学检查",
2012
+ "E": "血生化"
2013
+ },
2014
+ "answer": "C",
2015
+ "reason": "细胞化学染色有助于急性白血病分类监别,白血病确诊靠骨髓象。"
2016
+ },
2017
+ {
2018
+ "question_num": 156,
2019
+ "query": "小儿疳积常见到的指纹是",
2020
+ "options": {
2021
+ "A": "指纹淡白",
2022
+ "B": "指纹色青",
2023
+ "C": "指纹鲜红",
2024
+ "D": "指纹紫红",
2025
+ "E": "指纹紫黑"
2026
+ },
2027
+ "answer": "A",
2028
+ "reason": "指纹淡白主脾虚、疳证。"
2029
+ },
2030
+ {
2031
+ "question_num": 157,
2032
+ "query": "可以维持人体正常运动功能的是",
2033
+ "options": {
2034
+ "A": "十二经别",
2035
+ "B": "十二经筋",
2036
+ "C": "十二皮部",
2037
+ "D": "十五络脉",
2038
+ "E": "奇经八脉"
2039
+ },
2040
+ "answer": "B",
2041
+ "reason": "十二经筋约束骨骼,主司"
2042
+ },
2043
+ {
2044
+ "question_num": 158,
2045
+ "query": "滑胎可用泰山磐石散治疗的证候是",
2046
+ "options": {
2047
+ "A": "血热证",
2048
+ "B": "脾肾虚弱证",
2049
+ "C": "肾阳亏虚证",
2050
+ "D": "气血虚弱证",
2051
+ "E": "血瘀证"
2052
+ },
2053
+ "answer": "D",
2054
+ "reason": "泰山磐石散益气养血,固冲安胎,适用于气血虚弱导致的滑胎。"
2055
+ },
2056
+ {
2057
+ "question_num": 159,
2058
+ "query": "缺铁性贫血血液一般检查的特点是",
2059
+ "options": {
2060
+ "A": "中性粒细胞轻度减低",
2061
+ "B": "异型淋巴细胞增多",
2062
+ "C": "原始粒细胞增多",
2063
+ "D": "幼稚淋巴细胞增多",
2064
+ "E": "红细胞大小不等、中心淡染"
2065
+ },
2066
+ "answer": "E",
2067
+ "reason": "缺铁性贫血血象的典型表现为小细胞低色素性贫血,成熟红细胞苍白区扩大,大小不一"
2068
+ },
2069
+ {
2070
+ "question_num": 160,
2071
+ "query": "判断邪气在表在里,主要观察的舌苔变化是",
2072
+ "options": {
2073
+ "A": "舌苔的润燥",
2074
+ "B": "舌苔的腐腻",
2075
+ "C": "舌苔的颜色",
2076
+ "D": "舌苔的偏全",
2077
+ "E": "舌苔的薄厚"
2078
+ },
2079
+ "answer": "E",
2080
+ "reason": "舌苔的薄厚主要反映邪正的盛衰和邪气的深浅。"
2081
+ },
2082
+ {
2083
+ "question_num": 161,
2084
+ "query": "命门主治",
2085
+ "options": {
2086
+ "A": "腰脊强痛、下肢痿痹",
2087
+ "B": "身热、头痛、咳嗽",
2088
+ "C": "便血、便秘",
2089
+ "D": "痔疮、脱肛",
2090
+ "E": "暴喑、舌强不语"
2091
+ },
2092
+ "answer": "A",
2093
+ "reason": "命门主治:腰脊强痛,下肢痿痹。"
2094
+ },
2095
+ {
2096
+ "question_num": 162,
2097
+ "query": "治疗肉瘿气阴两虚证,首选",
2098
+ "options": {
2099
+ "A": "阳和汤",
2100
+ "B": "生脉散合海藻玉壶汤",
2101
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝散",
2102
+ "D": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤",
2103
+ "E": "牛蒡解肌汤"
2104
+ },
2105
+ "answer": "B",
2106
+ "reason": "肉瘿气阴两虚证的治法为益气养阴,软坚散结,方用生脉散合海藻玉壶汤加减。"
2107
+ },
2108
+ {
2109
+ "question_num": 163,
2110
+ "query": "白细胞减少症血液一般检查的特点是",
2111
+ "options": {
2112
+ "A": "中性粒细胞轻度减低",
2113
+ "B": "异型淋巴细胞增多",
2114
+ "C": "原始粒细胞增多",
2115
+ "D": "幼稚淋巴细胞增多",
2116
+ "E": "红细胞大小不等、中心淡染"
2117
+ },
2118
+ "answer": "A",
2119
+ "reason": "白细胞减少症血象表现为中性粒细胞百分比正常或轻度减低,淋巴细胞相对增多。"
2120
+ },
2121
+ {
2122
+ "question_num": 164,
2123
+ "query": "判断津液盈亏,主要观察的舌苔变化是",
2124
+ "options": {
2125
+ "A": "舌苔的润燥",
2126
+ "B": "舌苔的腐腻",
2127
+ "C": "舌苔的颜色",
2128
+ "D": "舌苔的偏全",
2129
+ "E": "舌苔的薄厚"
2130
+ },
2131
+ "answer": "A",
2132
+ "reason": "舌苔的润燥主要反映体内津液的盈亏和输布情况。"
2133
+ },
2134
+ {
2135
+ "question_num": 165,
2136
+ "query": "身柱主治",
2137
+ "options": {
2138
+ "A": "腰脊强痛、下肢痿痹",
2139
+ "B": "身热、头痛、咳嗽",
2140
+ "C": "便血、便秘",
2141
+ "D": "痔疮、脱肛",
2142
+ "E": "暴喑、舌强不语"
2143
+ },
2144
+ "answer": "B",
2145
+ "reason": "身柱主治:身热、头痛、咳嗽、气喘等外感病证。"
2146
+ },
2147
+ {
2148
+ "question_num": 166,
2149
+ "query": "治疗肉瘿气滞痰凝证,首选",
2150
+ "options": {
2151
+ "A": "阳和汤",
2152
+ "B": "生脉散合海藻玉壶汤",
2153
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝散",
2154
+ "D": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤",
2155
+ "E": "牛蒡解肌汤"
2156
+ },
2157
+ "answer": "D",
2158
+ "reason": "肉瘿气滞痰凝证的治法为理气解郁,化痰散结,方用逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤加减。"
2159
+ },
2160
+ {
2161
+ "question_num": 167,
2162
+ "query": "与类风湿关节炎活动性及严重性成正比的指标是",
2163
+ "options": {
2164
+ "A": "类风湿因子",
2165
+ "B": "抗角蛋白抗体",
2166
+ "C": "抗核抗体",
2167
+ "D": "C反应蛋白",
2168
+ "E": "红细胞沉降率"
2169
+ },
2170
+ "answer": "A",
2171
+ "reason": "类风湿因子与抗角蛋白抗体是诊断类风湿关节炎的两个自身抗体,类风湿因子的滴度与疾病的活动性和严重性成正比。"
2172
+ },
2173
+ {
2174
+ "question_num": 168,
2175
+ "query": "咳嗽,咳声不扬,痰稠色黄,不易咳出,其临床意义是",
2176
+ "options": {
2177
+ "A": "燥邪犯肺",
2178
+ "B": "痰湿阻肺",
2179
+ "C": "热邪犯肺",
2180
+ "D": "肺气虚损",
2181
+ "E": "肺阴不足"
2182
+ },
2183
+ "answer": "C",
2184
+ "reason": "咳嗽,咳声不扬,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,多因热邪犯肺,肺津被灼所致。"
2185
+ },
2186
+ {
2187
+ "question_num": 169,
2188
+ "query": "治疗痔疾取长强穴与承山穴的是",
2189
+ "options": {
2190
+ "A": "远近配穴法",
2191
+ "B": "同名经配穴法",
2192
+ "C": "上下配穴法",
2193
+ "D": "前后配穴法",
2194
+ "E": "左右配穴法"
2195
+ },
2196
+ "answer": "A",
2197
+ "reason": "远近配穴是以病变部位为依据,在病变附近和远部同时选穴配伍组成处方的方法,如治疗痔疾取长强与承山。"
2198
+ },
2199
+ {
2200
+ "question_num": 170,
2201
+ "query": "桑毛虫皮炎的外治,应选用",
2202
+ "options": {
2203
+ "A": "5%碘酒",
2204
+ "B": "紫金锭磨水外涂",
2205
+ "C": "肥皂水",
2206
+ "D": "1:5000~1:8000高锰酸钾溶液",
2207
+ "E": "1:10聚维酮碘溶液"
2208
+ },
2209
+ "answer": "A",
2210
+ "reason": "桑毛虫皮炎可用橡皮膏粘去毛刺,外涂5%碘酒。"
2211
+ },
2212
+ {
2213
+ "question_num": 171,
2214
+ "query": "对类风湿关节炎诊断特异性较高,有助于早期诊断的指标是",
2215
+ "options": {
2216
+ "A": "类风湿因子",
2217
+ "B": "抗角蛋白抗体",
2218
+ "C": "抗核抗体",
2219
+ "D": "C反应蛋白",
2220
+ "E": "红细胞沉降率"
2221
+ },
2222
+ "answer": "B",
2223
+ "reason": "抗角蛋白抗体对类风湿关节炎的诊断有较高的特异性,有助于早期诊断,但敏感性不如类风湿因子。"
2224
+ },
2225
+ {
2226
+ "question_num": 172,
2227
+ "query": "咳嗽,咳有痰声,痰多色白易咯,其临床意义是",
2228
+ "options": {
2229
+ "A": "燥邪犯肺",
2230
+ "B": "痰湿阻肺",
2231
+ "C": "热邪犯肺",
2232
+ "D": "肺气虚损",
2233
+ "E": "肺阴不足"
2234
+ },
2235
+ "answer": "B",
2236
+ "reason": "咳有痰声,痰多易咯,多属痰湿阻肺所致。"
2237
+ },
2238
+ {
2239
+ "question_num": 173,
2240
+ "query": "治疗失眠取神门穴与太溪穴的是",
2241
+ "options": {
2242
+ "A": "远近配穴法",
2243
+ "B": "同名经配穴法",
2244
+ "C": "上下配穴法",
2245
+ "D": "前后配穴法",
2246
+ "E": "左右配穴法"
2247
+ },
2248
+ "answer": "B",
2249
+ "reason": "同名经配穴是将手足同名经的腧穴相互配合组成处方的方法,如治疗失眠取神门与太溪。"
2250
+ },
2251
+ {
2252
+ "question_num": 174,
2253
+ "query": "蜂蜇皮炎的外治,应选用",
2254
+ "options": {
2255
+ "A": "5%碘酒",
2256
+ "B": "紫金锭磨水外涂",
2257
+ "C": "肥皂水",
2258
+ "D": "1:5000~1:8000高锰酸钾溶液",
2259
+ "E": "1:10聚维酮碘溶液"
2260
+ },
2261
+ "answer": "B",
2262
+ "reason": "蜂蜇皮炎应先拔去毒刺:火罐吸出毒汁,消毒后用紫金锭磨水外涂。"
2263
+ },
2264
+ {
2265
+ "question_num": 175,
2266
+ "query": "急诊处方的保存期是",
2267
+ "options": {
2268
+ "A": "6个月",
2269
+ "B": "1年",
2270
+ "C": "2年",
2271
+ "D": "3年",
2272
+ "E": "4年"
2273
+ },
2274
+ "answer": "B",
2275
+ "reason": "普通处方、急诊处方、儿科处方保存期限为1年,医疗用毒性药品、第二类精神药品处方保存期限为2年。"
2276
+ },
2277
+ {
2278
+ "question_num": 176,
2279
+ "query": "医生参加专业培训,学习新知识、新技能,行使的权利是",
2280
+ "options": {
2281
+ "A": "医生的诊疗权",
2282
+ "B": "医生的健康教育权",
2283
+ "C": "医生接受继续教育权",
2284
+ "D": "医生的特殊干涉权",
2285
+ "E": "医生对自己的保护权"
2286
+ },
2287
+ "answer": "C",
2288
+ "reason": "现代社会和科学技术的不断发展,要求医师及时更新知识,调整知识结构,不断提高道德修养和业务水平,属于医师的继续教育权。"
2289
+ },
2290
+ {
2291
+ "question_num": 177,
2292
+ "query": "治疗外感咳嗽的主穴是",
2293
+ "options": {
2294
+ "A": "肺俞、列缺、合谷",
2295
+ "B": "风门、肺俞",
2296
+ "C": "肺俞、太渊、三阴交",
2297
+ "D": "丰隆、曲池",
2298
+ "E": "风门、合谷"
2299
+ },
2300
+ "answer": "A",
2301
+ "reason": "外感咳嗽主穴:肺俞、列缺、合谷。"
2302
+ },
2303
+ {
2304
+ "question_num": 178,
2305
+ "query": "眼疳的病位是",
2306
+ "options": {
2307
+ "A": "心、脾",
2308
+ "B": "肝、脾",
2309
+ "C": "脾、胃",
2310
+ "D": "脾、肾",
2311
+ "E": "心、肝"
2312
+ },
2313
+ "answer": "B",
2314
+ "reason": "疳证的主要病变部位在脾胃,其其本病理改恋为晚胃受损,津波消一若脾病及肝,肝失所养,肝阴不足,不能上承于目,而见视物不清,夜盲目翳者,则谓之眼疳。"
2315
+ },
2316
+ {
2317
+ "question_num": 179,
2318
+ "query": "麻醉药品处方的保存期是",
2319
+ "options": {
2320
+ "A": "6个月",
2321
+ "B": "1年",
2322
+ "C": "2年",
2323
+ "D": "3年",
2324
+ "E": "4年"
2325
+ },
2326
+ "answer": "D",
2327
+ "reason": "麻醉药品和第一类精神药品处方保存期限为3年。"
2328
+ },
2329
+ {
2330
+ "question_num": 180,
2331
+ "query": "医生根据患者情况对其所患疾病做出诊断,行使的权利是",
2332
+ "options": {
2333
+ "A": "医生的诊疗权",
2334
+ "B": "医生的健康教育权",
2335
+ "C": "医生接受继续教育权",
2336
+ "D": "医生的特殊干涉权",
2337
+ "E": "医生对自己的保护权"
2338
+ },
2339
+ "answer": "A",
2340
+ "reason": "医师有权根据患者的需要和医疗结果出具相应的医学证明,属于医疗诊治权。"
2341
+ },
2342
+ {
2343
+ "question_num": 181,
2344
+ "query": "治疗内伤咳嗽的主穴是",
2345
+ "options": {
2346
+ "A": "肺俞、列缺、合谷",
2347
+ "B": "风门、肺俞",
2348
+ "C": "肺俞、太渊、三阴交",
2349
+ "D": "丰隆、曲池",
2350
+ "E": "风门、合谷"
2351
+ },
2352
+ "answer": "C",
2353
+ "reason": "内伤咳嗽主穴:肺俞、太渊、三阴交。"
2354
+ },
2355
+ {
2356
+ "question_num": 182,
2357
+ "query": "骨疳的病位是",
2358
+ "options": {
2359
+ "A": "心、脾",
2360
+ "B": "肝、脾",
2361
+ "C": "脾、胃",
2362
+ "D": "脾、肾",
2363
+ "E": "心、肝"
2364
+ },
2365
+ "answer": "D",
2366
+ "reason": "脾病及肾,肾精不足,骨失所养,久致骨骼畸形者,称为骨疳。"
2367
+ },
2368
+ {
2369
+ "question_num": 183,
2370
+ "query": "省级地方医学会负责组织",
2371
+ "options": {
2372
+ "A": "处理医疗事故工作",
2373
+ "B": "首次医疗事故技术监定工作",
2374
+ "C": "再次医疗事故技术鉴定工作",
2375
+ "D": "申请再次鉴定",
2376
+ "E": "医疗事故赔偿"
2377
+ },
2378
+ "answer": "C",
2379
+ "reason": "省、自治区、直辖市地方医学会负责组织再次鉴定工作。"
2380
+ },
2381
+ {
2382
+ "question_num": 184,
2383
+ "query": "在为患者实施手术的道德要求中,不正确的是",
2384
+ "options": {
2385
+ "A": "态度严肃、作风严谨",
2386
+ "B": "成本核算、经济实惠",
2387
+ "C": "精诚团结、密切协作",
2388
+ "D": "安全无害、效果最好",
2389
+ "E": "耗费最小、痛苦最少"
2390
+ },
2391
+ "answer": "B",
2392
+ "reason": "在为患者实施手术的道德要求中无成本核算、经济实惠"
2393
+ },
2394
+ {
2395
+ "question_num": 185,
2396
+ "query": "治疗湿热痢疾的配穴是",
2397
+ "options": {
2398
+ "A": "大椎、十宣",
2399
+ "B": "曲池、内庭",
2400
+ "C": "中脘、气海",
2401
+ "D": "内关、中脘",
2402
+ "E": "脾俞、足三里"
2403
+ },
2404
+ "answer": "B",
2405
+ "reason": "湿热痢配曲池、内庭"
2406
+ },
2407
+ {
2408
+ "question_num": 186,
2409
+ "query": "戊肝的传播途径是",
2410
+ "options": {
2411
+ "A": "血液传播",
2412
+ "B": "性交传播",
2413
+ "C": "粪一口传播",
2414
+ "D": "日常生活接触",
2415
+ "E": "母婴传播"
2416
+ },
2417
+ "answer": "C",
2418
+ "reason": "甲型肝炎主要由粪一口途径传播;戊肝传播途径与甲肝相似。"
2419
+ },
2420
+ {
2421
+ "question_num": 187,
2422
+ "query": "县(市)区级地方医学会负责组织",
2423
+ "options": {
2424
+ "A": "处理医疗事故工作",
2425
+ "B": "首次医疗事故技术监定工作",
2426
+ "C": "再次医疗事故技术鉴定工作",
2427
+ "D": "申请再次鉴定",
2428
+ "E": "医疗事故赔偿"
2429
+ },
2430
+ "answer": "B",
2431
+ "reason": "设区的市级地方医学会和省、自治区、直辖市直接管辖的县(市)地方医学会负责组织首次医疗事故技术鉴定工作。"
2432
+ },
2433
+ {
2434
+ "question_num": 188,
2435
+ "query": "在为患者实施手术的道德要求中,最重要的是",
2436
+ "options": {
2437
+ "A": "态度严肃、作风严谨",
2438
+ "B": "成本核算、经济实惠",
2439
+ "C": "精诚团结、密切协作",
2440
+ "D": "安全无害、效果最好",
2441
+ "E": "耗费最小、痛苦最少"
2442
+ },
2443
+ "answer": "A",
2444
+ "reason": "在为患者实施手术的道德要求中态度严肃、作风严谨最重要。"
2445
+ },
2446
+ {
2447
+ "question_num": 189,
2448
+ "query": "治疗寒湿痢疾的配穴是",
2449
+ "options": {
2450
+ "A": "大椎、十宣",
2451
+ "B": "曲池、内庭",
2452
+ "C": "中脘、气海",
2453
+ "D": "内关、中脘",
2454
+ "E": "脾俞、足三里"
2455
+ },
2456
+ "answer": "C",
2457
+ "reason": "寒湿痢配中脘、气海。"
2458
+ },
2459
+ {
2460
+ "question_num": 190,
2461
+ "query": "丙肝的传播途径是",
2462
+ "options": {
2463
+ "A": "血液传播",
2464
+ "B": "性交传播",
2465
+ "C": "粪-口传播",
2466
+ "D": "日常生活接触",
2467
+ "E": "母婴传播"
2468
+ },
2469
+ "answer": "A",
2470
+ "reason": "丙型肝炎主要由血液传播。"
2471
+ }
2472
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1562 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "疾病发生的重要条件是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "正气被伤",
7
+ "B": "气候因素",
8
+ "C": "正气不足",
9
+ "D": "地域因素",
10
+ "E": "邪气侵害"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "E",
13
+ "reason": ""
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "脑内寄生虫",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "头痛伴剧烈呕吐",
20
+ "B": "头痛伴癫痫",
21
+ "C": "头痛伴视力障碍",
22
+ "D": "头痛伴眩晕",
23
+ "E": "头痛伴发热"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "B",
26
+ "reason": ""
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "咳嗽喉痒,痰中带血,口干鼻燥,或身热。舌红少津苔薄黄,脉数。治疗应首选()",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "桑杏汤",
33
+ "B": "杏苏散",
34
+ "C": "沙参麦冬汤",
35
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
36
+ "E": "百合固金汤"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "A",
39
+ "reason": "咳嗽风燥伤肺用桑杏汤。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "低位单纯性肛漏",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "有一条管道,通过外括约肌深层以上",
46
+ "B": "有两个以上外口及管道有分支窦道,其主管道通过外括约肌深层以上,有一个或两个以上内口者",
47
+ "C": "仅有一条管道,漏管穿过外括约肌深层以上,内口位于肛窦部位",
48
+ "D": "漏管在外括约肌深层以下,有两个以上外口,或两条以上管道,内口在肛窦部位",
49
+ "E": "只有一个漏管,并通过外括约肌深层以下,内口在肛窦附近"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "E",
52
+ "reason": ""
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "疾病发生的内在根据是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "正气被伤",
59
+ "B": "气候因素",
60
+ "C": "正气不足",
61
+ "D": "地域因素",
62
+ "E": "邪气侵害"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "C",
65
+ "reason": "正气不足是疾病发生的内在根据中医事视正强调正气在发病中的王与、玉除邪气对疾病发生的重要作用。邪气是发病的重要条件,在一定的条件下,甚至起主导作用,如高温、高压电流、化学毒剂、枪弹杀伤、毒蛇咬伤等,即使正气强盛也难免不被伤害而产生病变。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "青光眼",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "头痛伴剧烈呕吐",
72
+ "B": "头痛伴癫痫",
73
+ "C": "头痛伴视力障碍",
74
+ "D": "头痛伴眩晕",
75
+ "E": "头痛伴发热"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "C",
78
+ "reason": "头痛的伴随症状可与某些疾病相关,头痛伴癫痫者见于脑内寄生虫、脑血管畸形或脑肿瘤;头痛伴视力障碍者见于青光眼或脑瘤;头痛伴剧烈呕吐者提示颅内压增高,见于颅脑病变;头痛伴眩晕者见于小脑肿瘤、椎基底动脉供血不足;头痛伴发热者见于全身感染性疾病或颅内感染。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "咳嗽痰少,痰中带血或反复咯血,血色鲜红,口干咽燥。颧红,潮热盗汗,舌质红,脉细数。治疗应首选()",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "桑杏汤",
85
+ "B": "杏苏散",
86
+ "C": "沙参麦冬汤",
87
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
88
+ "E": "百合固金汤"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "C",
91
+ "reason": "肺阴亏耗用沙参麦门冬汤。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "高位单纯性肛漏",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "有一条管道,通过外括约肌深层以上",
98
+ "B": "有两个以上外口及管道有分支窦道,其主管道通过外括约肌深层以上,有一个或两个以上内口者",
99
+ "C": "仅有一条管道,漏管穿过外括约肌深层以上,内口位于肛窦部位",
100
+ "D": "漏管在外括约肌深层以下,有两个以上外口,或两条以上管道,内口在肛窦部位",
101
+ "E": "只有一个漏管,并通过外括约肌深层以下,内口在肛窦附近"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "C",
104
+ "reason": "低位单纯性肛漏:只有一个漏管,并通过外括约肌深层以下,内口在肛窦附近。高位单纯性肛漏:仅有一条管道,漏管穿过外括约肌深层以上,内口位于肛窦部位。B项为高位复杂性肛漏,D项为低位复杂性肛漏。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "心肾不交的治法是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "泻南补北",
111
+ "B": "扶土抑木",
112
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
113
+ "D": "培土生金",
114
+ "E": "佐金平木"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "A",
117
+ "reason": ""
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "左心衰竭时最早出现和最重要的症状是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
124
+ "B": "咳嗽",
125
+ "C": "咯血",
126
+ "D": "下垂性凹陷性水肿",
127
+ "E": "紫绀"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "A",
130
+ "reason": "左心衰竭指左心室代偿功能不全而发生的心力衰竭,以肺循环淤血及心排血量降低表现为主,呼吸困难是其最早和最重要的症状。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "治疗中风半身不遂,气虚络瘀证,应首选()",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
137
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
138
+ "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
139
+ "D": "地黄饮子",
140
+ "E": "牵正散"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": "中风后遗症半身不遂者,应益气活血,化将通络,用补阳还五汤。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "乳腺增生病冲任失调证,内治应首选",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "逍遥蒌贝散",
150
+ "B": "二仙汤合四物汤",
151
+ "C": "右归丸",
152
+ "D": "神效瓜蒌散合开郁散",
153
+ "E": "瓜蒌牛蒡汤"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "B",
156
+ "reason": "二仙汤合四物汤功能调摄冲任,主治冲任不调而产生的多种病证,故为123题首选方剂。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "肝阳上亢的治法是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "泻南补北",
163
+ "B": "扶土抑木",
164
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
165
+ "D": "培土生金",
166
+ "E": "佐金平木"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "心肾不交是肾水不足,不能上济于心,而使心火独亢;或心阴虚心火旺盛而致肾水不足或心火不能下降于肾,而致肾水凝聚,不能上济于心其治法为泻心补肾,即泻南补北。肝阳上亢,多因肝肾阴虚,水不涵木,肝阳亢逆无所制,气火上扰,故其治法为滋水涵木。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "右心衰竭时典型的体征是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
176
+ "B": "咳嗽",
177
+ "C": "咯血",
178
+ "D": "下垂性凹陷性水肿",
179
+ "E": "紫绀"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "D",
182
+ "reason": "右心衰竭主要见于肺源性心脏病及某些先天性心脏病,以体循环淤血为主要表现,身体最低垂部位的对称性可压陷性水肿是其典型体征。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "治疗中风语言不利,肾精亏虚证,应首选()",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
189
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
190
+ "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
191
+ "D": "地黄饮子",
192
+ "E": "牵正散"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "D",
195
+ "reason": "语言不利证属肾精亏虚者应补肾填精,用地黄饮子"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "乳岩肝郁痰凝证,内治应首选",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "逍遥蒌贝散",
202
+ "B": "二仙汤合四物汤",
203
+ "C": "右归丸",
204
+ "D": "神效瓜蒌散合开郁散",
205
+ "E": "瓜蒌牛蒡汤"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "D",
208
+ "reason": "神效瓜蒌散合开郁散功能疏肝解郁、化痰散结、活血化瘀、理气止痛,适用于乳岩肝郁痰凝证。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "热结肠胃,痰食壅积,以致经脉阻潜气血不能畅达,致倦怠懒言,身体羸瘦,脉象沉细。此为",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "真寒假热",
215
+ "B": "真热假寒",
216
+ "C": "真实假虚",
217
+ "D": "真虚假实",
218
+ "E": "不虚不实"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": ""
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "可反映心力衰竭预后的主要指标是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "BNP",
228
+ "B": "超声心动图",
229
+ "C": "X线",
230
+ "D": "放射性核素检查",
231
+ "E": "漂浮导管血流动力学检查"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "A",
234
+ "reason": ""
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "“调气则后重自除,行血则便脓自愈”出自哪个医家()",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "张仲景",
241
+ "B": "刘完素",
242
+ "C": "喻昌",
243
+ "D": "朱丹溪",
244
+ "E": "李中梓"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": ""
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "治疗脱疽寒湿阻络证,应首选",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "阳和汤",
254
+ "B": "桃红四物汤",
255
+ "C": "顾步汤",
256
+ "D": "人参养荣汤",
257
+ "E": "附桂八味丸"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "A",
260
+ "reason": "阳和汤温阳散寒、活血通络,适用于脱疽寒湿阻络证。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "脏腑虚衰,气血不足,运化无力,致腹部胀满,呼吸喘促,二便闭涩等。此为",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "真寒假热",
267
+ "B": "真热假寒",
268
+ "C": "真实假虚",
269
+ "D": "真虚假实",
270
+ "E": "不虚不实"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "D",
273
+ "reason": "当病情发展到寒极或热极的时候有时会出现一些与寒热本质相反的“假象”症状或体征,即所调真热假寒、真寒假热。辨别寒热证候的直假,应以表现于内部、中心的症状为准;肢末、外部的症状可能为假象,故胸腹的冷热是辨别寒热真假的关键,虚证与实证,都有真假疑似的情况,所谓“至虚有盛候”“大实有癌状”,就是指证候的虚实真假。虚实真假的辨别,关键在于脉象的有力无力、有神无神,其中尤以沉取之象为真谛;其次是舌质的嫩胖与苍老,言语呼吸的高亢粗壮与低怯微弱;患者体质状况、病之新久、治疗经过等,也是辨析的依据。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "心力衰竭肺水肿的主要诊断指标是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "BNP",
280
+ "B": "超声心动图",
281
+ "C": "X线",
282
+ "D": "放射性核素检查",
283
+ "E": "漂浮导管血流动力学检查"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "C",
286
+ "reason": "血浆脑钠肽(BNP)检测:有助于心力衰竭的诊断及判断预后。BNP<100pg/ml,不支持心力衰竭的诊断;BNP>400pg/ml,支持心力衰竭的诊断。胸部X线:确诊左侧心力衰竭肺水肿的主要依据。主要改变:①心影增大;②肺纹理增粗,早期主要表现为肺门血管影增强。急性肺泡性肺水肿时肺门呈蝴蝶状,肺野可见大片融合的阴影。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "“逆流挽舟法”出自哪个医家()",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "张仲景",
293
+ "B": "刘完素",
294
+ "C": "喻昌",
295
+ "D": "朱丹溪",
296
+ "E": "李中梓"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "C",
299
+ "reason": "痢疾的历史沿革。金元时期刘完索指出,“调气则后重自除,行血则便脓自愈\";”逆流挽舟法\"是喻家言(喻昌)提出的治疗痢疾初期兼有表证的治法。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "治疗脱疽热毒伤阴证,应首选",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "阳和汤",
306
+ "B": "桃红四物汤",
307
+ "C": "顾步汤",
308
+ "D": "人参养荣汤",
309
+ "E": "附桂八味丸"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "C",
312
+ "reason": "顾步汤主治因热毒蕴结而引起的脉络不畅,适用于脱疽热毒伤阴证,"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "依据《内经》所述,被称为主蛰守位生理特性的脏是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "心",
319
+ "B": "肝",
320
+ "C": "脾",
321
+ "D": "肺",
322
+ "E": "肾"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "E",
325
+ "reason": ""
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "慢性粒细胞白血病的特点是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "全血细胞减少",
332
+ "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞增多",
333
+ "C": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增多",
334
+ "D": "酸化溶血试验阳性",
335
+ "E": "网织红细胞增多"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "B",
338
+ "reason": "慢性粒细胞白血病白细胞数增高,主要为中性中、晚幼和杆状核粒细胞,原始细胞(I型+Ⅱ型)≤5%~10%,嗜酸、嗜碱性粒细胞增多,可有少量有核红细胞。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "瘀结水留型鼓胀可见()",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "腹大按之不坚,胁下胀满或痛,纳食减少",
345
+ "B": "腹膨大如鼓,按之坚满,脘闷纳呆",
346
+ "C": "腹大坚满,青筋暴露,胁腹疼痛,可触及肿块",
347
+ "D": "腹大胀满,入暮尤甚,面色萎黄或㿠白,肢冷浮肿",
348
+ "E": "腹大坚满,胁腹疼痛拒按,烦热口苦,渴不欲饮"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": ""
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "多形性红风寒证,内治应首选",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "桂枝汤",
358
+ "B": "桑菊饮",
359
+ "C": "银翘散",
360
+ "D": "茵陈蒿汤合消风散",
361
+ "E": "普济消毒饮"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "寒湿阻络型治法:和营祛寒化湿,方药桂枝汤。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "依据《内经》所述,被称为生之本的脏是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "心",
371
+ "B": "肝",
372
+ "C": "脾",
373
+ "D": "肺",
374
+ "E": "肾"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "肾主封藏,主蛰守位。心主神明为生之本。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "急性白血病的特点是",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "全血细胞减少",
384
+ "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞增多",
385
+ "C": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增多",
386
+ "D": "酸化溶血试验阳性",
387
+ "E": "网织红细胞增多"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "C",
390
+ "reason": "急性白血病原始细胞占全部骨髓有核细胞≥30%为急性白血病的诊断标准。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "阳虚水盛型鼓胀可见()",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "腹大按之不坚,胁下胀满或痛,纳食减少",
397
+ "B": "腹膨大如鼓,按之坚满,脘闷纳呆",
398
+ "C": "腹大坚满,青筋暴露,胁腹疼痛,可触及肿块",
399
+ "D": "腹大胀满,入暮尤甚,面色萎黄或㿠白,肢冷浮肿",
400
+ "E": "腹大坚满,胁腹疼痛拒按,烦热口苦,渴不欲饮"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "D",
403
+ "reason": "A项见于气滞湿阻证,B项见于水湿困妥证,C项见于瘀结水留证,D项见于阳虚水盛证,E项见于水热蕴结证。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "多形性红斑风湿热证,内治应首选",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "桂枝汤",
410
+ "B": "桑菊饮",
411
+ "C": "银翘散",
412
+ "D": "茵陈蒿汤合消风散",
413
+ "E": "普济消毒饮"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "D",
416
+ "reason": "湿热蕴结型治法:消热解毒利湿,方药茵陈营汤合消风散。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "治疗肝火上炎,目珠疼痛,应选用",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "石膏",
423
+ "B": "知母",
424
+ "C": "栀子",
425
+ "D": "天花粉",
426
+ "E": "夏枯草"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "E",
429
+ "reason": ""
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "血小板减少可出现的临床表现",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "进行性贫血",
436
+ "B": "皮肤、鼻腔等处发生坏死性溃疡",
437
+ "C": "皮肤、黏膜出血",
438
+ "D": "频繁性呕吐",
439
+ "E": "胸骨压痛"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": ""
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "颤证的主症特点是()",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "手足抽搐,两目上视",
449
+ "B": "肌肉、关节疼痛",
450
+ "C": "头颈、手足不自主颤动、振摇",
451
+ "D": "肢体痿软,肌肉萎缩",
452
+ "E": "肢体偏瘫"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "C",
455
+ "reason": ""
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "血栓外痔好发于肛门齿线下",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "截石位3、7、11点",
462
+ "B": "截石位3、9点",
463
+ "C": "截石位6、12点",
464
+ "D": "截石位1、8点",
465
+ "E": "截石位4、10点"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "B",
468
+ "reason": ""
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "治疗痰火郁结,瘰疬痰核,应选用",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "石膏",
475
+ "B": "知母",
476
+ "C": "栀子",
477
+ "D": "天花粉",
478
+ "E": "夏枯草"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "E",
481
+ "reason": "A项石音生用清热泻火、除烦止渴;B项知母清热泻火、生津润燥;C项栀子泻火除烦消热利湿、凉血解毒;D项天花粉清热泻火、生津止渴消肿排脓:E项夏枯草清热泻火明目、散结消肿,可治疗头痛眩晕,目珠夜痛,瘰疬瘿瘤,乳痈肿痛。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "粒细胞缺乏症可出现的临床表现",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "进行性贫血",
488
+ "B": "皮肤、鼻腔等处发生坏死性溃疡",
489
+ "C": "皮肤、黏膜出血",
490
+ "D": "频繁性呕吐",
491
+ "E": "胸骨压痛"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "B",
494
+ "reason": "A项见于慢性失血或溶血、白血病;B项体检时注意口腔、咽峡、阴道、直肠或肛门等处有无坏死性溃疡及脓肿,有无肝脾肿大及淋巴结肿大,尤其颌下和颈淋巴结;C项出血部位广泛,皮肤黏膜出血广泛且严重;脾脏肿大;血小板<100×10⁹/L;D项见于胃肠道疾病或颅内高压;E项多见于白血病。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "瘛疭的主症特点是()",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "手足抽搐,两目上视",
501
+ "B": "肌肉、关节疼痛",
502
+ "C": "头颈、手足不自主颤动、振摇",
503
+ "D": "肢体痿软,肌肉萎缩",
504
+ "E": "肢体偏瘫"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "A",
507
+ "reason": "瘛疭,即抽搐,多见于急性热病或某些慢性疾病急性发作,抽搐多呈持续性;有时伴短阵性间歇,手足届伸牵引,弛纵交替,部分患者可有发热,两目上视,神昏等症状;颤证是一种慢性疾病过程,以头颈.手足不自主颤动.振摇为主要症状,手足颤抖动作幅度小,频率较快,而无肢体抽搐牵引和发热、神昏等症状,再结合病史分析,二者不难鉴别。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "内痔好发于肛门齿线上",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "截石位3、7、11点",
514
+ "B": "截石位3、9点",
515
+ "C": "截石位6、12点",
516
+ "D": "截石位1、8点",
517
+ "E": "截石位4、10点"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "A",
520
+ "reason": "内痔好发于齿线上3、7、11点处;赘皮外痔多发于肛缘6、12点处;肛裂好发于肛管6、12点处;血栓外痔好发于3、9点处。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "知母的主要归经是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "肺、胃、肾经",
527
+ "B": "肺、脾、肾经",
528
+ "C": "心、脾、肾经",
529
+ "D": "心、肝、肾经",
530
+ "E": "心、肝、脾经"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": "知母苦、甘,寒。归肺、胃、肾经。【解析】龟甲甘,寒。归肾、肝、心经。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "蛛网膜下腔出血的体征是",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "高热",
540
+ "B": "抽搐",
541
+ "C": "三偏征",
542
+ "D": "脑膜刺激征明显",
543
+ "E": "脑脊液大多正常"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "D",
546
+ "reason": "蛛网膜下腔出血以青壮年多见,多在情绪激动中或用力情况下急性发生,部分患者可有反复发作头痛史。突发剧烈头痛、呕吐、颜面苍白、全身冷汗,多数患者无意识障碍,但可有烦躁不安。脑膜刺激征多见且明显。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "八会穴中的筋会穴是()",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "足三里",
553
+ "B": "阳陵泉",
554
+ "C": "悬钟",
555
+ "D": "足临泣",
556
+ "E": "公孙"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "B",
559
+ "reason": ""
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "患者产后遍身疼痛,关节酸楚,肢体麻木,面色萎黄,头晕心悸,气短乏力,舌淡红,苔薄白,脉细弱,其治法",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "养血益气,温筋通络",
566
+ "B": "养血益气止痛",
567
+ "C": "祛风散寒止痛",
568
+ "D": "补肾养血,强腰壮骨",
569
+ "E": "养血活血,化瘀祛湿"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": ""
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "龟甲的主要归经是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "肺、胃、肾经",
579
+ "B": "肺、脾、肾经",
580
+ "C": "心、脾、肾经",
581
+ "D": "心、肝、肾经",
582
+ "E": "心、肝、脾经"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "D",
585
+ "reason": ""
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "内囊区出血的表现是",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "高热",
592
+ "B": "抽搐",
593
+ "C": "三偏征",
594
+ "D": "脑膜刺激征明显",
595
+ "E": "脑脊液大多正常"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "C",
598
+ "reason": "由于内囊后支的感觉传导纤维受累,可出现病灶对侧偏身感觉减退或消失。如果视放射也受累,则出现病灶对侧偏盲,即构成内囊损害的三偏(偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍及偏盲)征。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "八脉交会穴中通带脉的是()",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "足三里",
605
+ "B": "阳陵泉",
606
+ "C": "悬钟",
607
+ "D": "足临泣",
608
+ "E": "公孙"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "D",
611
+ "reason": "八会穴和八脉交会穴的考察:筋会穴是阳陵泉,八脉交会穴中通带脉的是足临泣。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "患者产后遍身疼痛,四肢关节刺痛,重着、肿胀,屈伸不利,伴小腹疼痛拒按,恶露色黯红、下而畅,舌质紫黯,脉弦涩,其治法",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "养血益气,温筋通络",
618
+ "B": "养血益气止痛",
619
+ "C": "祛风散寒止痛",
620
+ "D": "补肾养血,强腰壮骨",
621
+ "E": "养血活血,化瘀祛湿"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "E",
624
+ "reason": "两题均属产后身痛,但根据局部症状、兼证及舌脉,131题应属于血患证,治以养血益气,温筋通络。132题应属于血瘀证,治以养血活血,化瘀祛湿。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "潘脉与弱脉的区别生要在于",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "脉位的浅深",
631
+ "B": "脉率的快慢",
632
+ "C": "脉力的强弱",
633
+ "D": "脉宽的大小",
634
+ "E": "脉律的齐否"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "A",
637
+ "reason": ""
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "抽搐伴高血压,肢体瘫痪,见于",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "癔症",
644
+ "B": "破伤风",
645
+ "C": "脑血管疾病",
646
+ "D": "中毒性痢疾",
647
+ "E": "菌膜炎"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "C",
650
+ "reason": ""
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "患者泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。治疗应首选()",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "香正气散",
657
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
658
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
659
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
660
+ "E": "芍药汤"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "C",
663
+ "reason": "湿热在肠,传导失常,故腹痛,泻下和急迫。气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,都是湿热互结的表现。治宜清热利湿,用葛根芩连汤。"
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "治疗月经过多气虚证,应首选",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "举元煎",
670
+ "B": "大补元煎",
671
+ "C": "保阴煎",
672
+ "D": "固阴煎",
673
+ "E": "失笑散"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "A",
676
+ "reason": "月经过多气虚证首选方剂是举元煎。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "结脉与促脉的区别主要在于",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "脉位的浅深",
683
+ "B": "脉率的快慢",
684
+ "C": "脉力的强弱",
685
+ "D": "脉宽的大小",
686
+ "E": "脉律的齐否"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "B",
689
+ "reason": "活脉浮细而软,轻取即得;弱脉沉细而软,重按乃得。结脉缓而时止,止无定数。促脉数而时止,止无定数。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "抽搐伴苦笑面容,见于",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "癔症",
696
+ "B": "破伤风",
697
+ "C": "脑血管疾病",
698
+ "D": "中毒性痢疾",
699
+ "E": "菌膜炎"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "B",
702
+ "reason": "癔症是由明显的精神因素,如生活事件、内心冲突或情绪激动、暗示或自我暗示等而引起的一组疾病,表现为急性的短暂的精神障碍、身体障碍(包括感觉、运动和自主神经功能紊乱),没有器质性基础;破伤风见于烦躁不安,局部疼痛,肌肉牵拉,抽搐及强直、苦笑面容;脑血管疾病以骨骼肌痉挛为主要表现,可伴血压升高;中毒性痢疾可出现高热,烦躁谵妄,反复惊厥,神志昏迷,大便腥臭,伴��脓血或无大便。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "患者腹痛拘急,痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少,里急后重,脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治疗应首选()",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "香正气散",
709
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
710
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
711
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
712
+ "E": "芍药汤"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "B",
715
+ "reason": "寒湿留滞肠中,气机阻滞,故腹痛拘急,里急后重;只伤及气分,故痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少;寒湿困脾,故脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治宜温化塞湿,调气和血,用不换金正气散。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "治疗月经过多血热证,应首选",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "举元煎",
722
+ "B": "大补元煎",
723
+ "C": "保阴煎",
724
+ "D": "固阴煎",
725
+ "E": "失笑散"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "月经过多血热证,应首选保阴煎。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "具有补脾止泻,养心安神功效的药物是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "山茱萸",
735
+ "B": "五倍子",
736
+ "C": "莲子",
737
+ "D": "诃子",
738
+ "E": "金樱子"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "C",
741
+ "reason": ""
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "反映医患关系本质的是",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
748
+ "B": "医患关系是具有道德意义较强的社会关系",
749
+ "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
750
+ "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
751
+ "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "B",
754
+ "reason": "医患关系本质是具有道德意义较强的社会关系。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "小肠之募穴位于()",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "脐旁2寸",
761
+ "B": "脐旁4寸",
762
+ "C": "脐中下3寸",
763
+ "D": "脐上4寸",
764
+ "E": "脐旁0.5寸"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "C",
767
+ "reason": ""
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "尿石症,症见小便涩痛,尿中带血,尿频、尿急、尿痛,舌红苔黄腻。宜服",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "三金排石汤",
774
+ "B": "济生肾气丸",
775
+ "C": "少腹逐瘀汤",
776
+ "D": "左归丸",
777
+ "E": "龙胆泻肝汤"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "A",
780
+ "reason": ""
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "具有益肾固精,养心安神功效的药物是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "山茱萸",
787
+ "B": "五倍子",
788
+ "C": "莲子",
789
+ "D": "诃子",
790
+ "E": "金樱子"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "C",
793
+ "reason": "山茱英补益肝肾,收敛固涩。五倍子敛肺降火,止咳止汗,涩肠止泻,固精止遗,收敛止血,收湿敛疮。莲子固精止带,补脾止泻,益肾养心。诃子涩肠止泻,敛肺止咳,利咽开音。金樱子固精缩尿止带,涩肠止泻。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "概括医患关系内容的是",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
800
+ "B": "医患关系是具有道德意义较强的社会关系",
801
+ "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
802
+ "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
803
+ "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "E",
806
+ "reason": "医患关系内容是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "大肠之募穴位于()",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "脐旁2寸",
813
+ "B": "脐旁4寸",
814
+ "C": "脐中下3寸",
815
+ "D": "脐上4寸",
816
+ "E": "脐旁0.5寸"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "A",
819
+ "reason": "小肠之募穴,即关元,位于脐中下3寸;大肠之募穴,即天枢,位于脐旁2寸。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "尿石症,症见腰部胀痛,时发时止,遇劳加重,尿少或频数不爽,舌淡。宜服",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "三金排石汤",
826
+ "B": "济生肾气丸",
827
+ "C": "少腹逐瘀汤",
828
+ "D": "左归丸",
829
+ "E": "龙胆泻肝汤"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "B",
832
+ "reason": "尿石症,症见小便涩痛,尿中带血,尿频、尿急、尿痛,舌红苔黄腻,为湿热蕴结证。治法:消热利湿,通淋排石。方药:三金排石汤加减。尿石症,症见腰部胀痛,时发时止,退劳加重,尿少或频数不爽,舌淡,为肾气不足证。治法:补肾益气,通淋排石。方药:济生肾气丸加减。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "含有半夏、麦门冬、人参的方剂是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "杏苏散",
839
+ "B": "清燥救肺汤",
840
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
841
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
842
+ "E": "养阴清肺汤"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "D",
845
+ "reason": ""
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "急性胃炎的临床表现是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "呕吐物为隔餐食物��带腐臭味",
852
+ "B": "呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味",
853
+ "C": "呕吐物为大量黏液及食物",
854
+ "D": "呕吐物为血液",
855
+ "E": "吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "C",
858
+ "reason": ""
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "治疗阳气暴脱,可于神阙穴施()",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "灯草灸",
865
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
866
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
867
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
868
+ "E": "隔泥灸"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "D",
871
+ "reason": ""
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "治疗癥瘕气滞血瘀证,应首选",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "逐瘀止血汤",
878
+ "B": "身痛逐瘀汤",
879
+ "C": "生化汤",
880
+ "D": "香棱丸",
881
+ "E": "少腹逐瘀汤"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "治疗癥瘕气滞血瘀证,应首选香棱丸。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "含有生地黄、麦门冬、玄参的方剂是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "杏苏散",
891
+ "B": "清燥救肺汤",
892
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
893
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
894
+ "E": "养阴清肺汤"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "E",
897
+ "reason": "麦门冬汤的药物组成:麦门冬、半发姿甘草、种冰养阴清肺汤的药物组成:生地黄、麦门冬、甘草、玄参、贝母、牡丹皮、薄荷、白芍麦门冬汤含有半夏、麦门冬、人参。养阴清肺汤含有生地黄、麦门冬、玄参。杏苏散的药物组成:苏叶、半夏、茯苓、前胡、苦桔梗、枳壳、甘草、生姜、大枣、杏仁、橘皮。清燥救肺汤的药物组成:桑叶、石音、甘草、人参胡麻仁、阿胶、麦门冬、杏仁、枇杷叶。桑杏汤的药物组成:桑叶、杏仁、沙参、浙贝、豆豉、栀皮、梨皮。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "急性胆囊炎的临床表现是",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "呕吐物为隔餐食物,带腐臭味",
904
+ "B": "呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味",
905
+ "C": "呕吐物为大量黏液及食物",
906
+ "D": "呕吐物为血液",
907
+ "E": "吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "B",
910
+ "reason": "呕吐物为隔夜食物,带腐臭味为幽门梗阻的临床表现。呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味为急性胆囊炎的临床表现。呕吐物为大量黏液及食物为胃肠炎的临床表现。呕吐物为血液为上消化道出血的临床表现。吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止为早孕呕吐。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "治疗风寒痹痛常用()",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "灯草灸",
917
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
918
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
919
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
920
+ "E": "隔泥灸"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "B",
923
+ "reason": "A项灯草炙主要用于小儿痄腮、喉蛾.吐泻、麻疹、惊风等病证。B项隔姜灸主要适用于一切虚寒病证,对呕吐.腹痛、泄泻、遗精、阳痿、早泄、不孕、痛经和风寒湿痹等疗效较好。C项隔蒜灸多用于治疗肺结核、腹中积块及未溃疮疡等。D项隔盐炙有回阳、救逆、固脱之功,常用于治疗急性腹痛、吐泻、痢疾、淋病、中风脱证等。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗不孕瘀滞胞官证,应首选",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "逐瘀止血汤",
930
+ "B": "身痛逐瘀汤",
931
+ "C": "生化汤",
932
+ "D": "香棱丸",
933
+ "E": "少腹逐瘀汤"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "E",
936
+ "reason": "治疗不孕瘀滞胞宫证,应首选少腹逐瘀汤。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "蝉蜕具有的功效是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "透疹,利咽消肿",
943
+ "B": "透疹,利咽清利头目",
944
+ "C": "透疹,明目退翳",
945
+ "D": "透疹,解热生津",
946
+ "E": "透疹,清热解毒,升阳"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "C",
949
+ "reason": "蝉蜕功效为疏散风热,利咽开音,透疹,明目退翳,息风止痉。治外感风热,咳音哑,麻疹透发不畅,风疹瘙痒,小儿惊痫,目赤,障,破伤风等症。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "消瘦,两眼球突出,兴奋不安,呈惊恐貌多见于",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "苦笑面容",
956
+ "B": "伤寒面容",
957
+ "C": "甲亢面容",
958
+ "D": "二尖瓣面容",
959
+ "E": "慢性病面容"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "C",
962
+ "reason": ""
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "治疗痔疾取长强与承山是()",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "远近配穴",
969
+ "B": "同名经配穴",
970
+ "C": "上下配穴",
971
+ "D": "前后配穴",
972
+ "E": "左右配穴"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "A",
975
+ "reason": ""
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "疑有官颈管病变时,应采取的措施是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "清宫术",
982
+ "B": "取适量内膜活检",
983
+ "C": "测基础体温",
984
+ "D": "经行24、48小时刮官",
985
+ "E": "分段诊刮"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "E",
988
+ "reason": "疑有官颈管病变时,应采取的措施是分段诊刮。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "牛蒡子具有的功效是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "透疹,利咽消肿",
995
+ "B": "透疹,利咽清利头目",
996
+ "C": "透疹,明目退翳",
997
+ "D": "透疹,解热生津",
998
+ "E": "透疹,清热解毒,升阳"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "A",
1001
+ "reason": "牛蒡子疏散风热,宣肺祛痰,利咽透疹,消肿解毒。治风热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,斑疹不透,风疹作痒,痈肿疮毒等症。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "两颧紫红,口唇紫绀,多见于",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "苦笑面容",
1008
+ "B": "伤寒面容",
1009
+ "C": "甲亢面容",
1010
+ "D": "二尖瓣面容",
1011
+ "E": "慢性病面容"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "D",
1014
+ "reason": "苦笑面容发作时牙关紧闭,面肌痉挛,呈苦笑状,见于破伤风。伤寒面容表情淡漠,反应迟钝,呈无欲状态,见于肠伤寒、脑脊髓膜炎、脑炎等高热衰弱患者。甲亢面容表情惊愕,眼裂增大,眼球突出,目光闪烁,烦躁不安,兴奋易怒。二尖瓣面容面色晦暗,双颊紫红,口唇轻度紫绀,见于风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄。慢性病面容为面容憔悴,表情忧虑,面色灰暗或苍白,目光暗淡,见于慢性消耗性疾病,如恶性肿瘤、严重结核病等。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "治疗失眠取神门与太溪是()",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "远近配穴",
1021
+ "B": "同名经配穴",
1022
+ "C": "上下配穴",
1023
+ "D": "前后配穴",
1024
+ "E": "左右配穴"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "B",
1027
+ "reason": "远近配穴是以病变部位为依据,在病变附近和远部同时选穴配伍组成处方的方法,如治疗痔疾取长强与承山。同名经配穴是将手足同名经的腧穴相互配合组成处方的方法,如治疗失眠取神门与太溪。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "疑有人流术后残留时,应采取的措施是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "清宫术",
1034
+ "B": "取适量内膜活检",
1035
+ "C": "测基础体温",
1036
+ "D": "经行24、48小时刮官",
1037
+ "E": "分段诊刮"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "A",
1040
+ "reason": "疑有人流术后残留时,应采取的措施是清宫术"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "金铃子散主治",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "肝郁气滞胁痛",
1047
+ "B": "肝郁化火胁痛",
1048
+ "C": "肝郁血虚胁痛",
1049
+ "D": "肝郁阴虚胁痛",
1050
+ "E": "肝胆实火胁痛"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "B",
1053
+ "reason": "金铃子散主治肝郁化火证。心胸胁肋诸痛,时发时止,口苦,舌红苔黄,脉弦数。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "支气管扩张,常表现为",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "指关节梭状畸形",
1060
+ "B": "杵状指",
1061
+ "C": "匙状甲",
1062
+ "D": "浮髌现象",
1063
+ "E": "肢端肥大"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "B",
1066
+ "reason": ""
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "气滞便秘的辨证特点是()",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "面赤身热,口臭唇焦,尿赤,苔黄燥,脉滑实",
1073
+ "B": "暖气频作,胸胁痞满,腹胀,苔薄腻,脉弦",
1074
+ "C": "神疲气短,临厕努挣乏力,大便不燥,脉虛",
1075
+ "D": "面色无华,头晕心悸,舌淡,脉细",
1076
+ "E": "面色苍白,畏寒肢冷,尿清,舌苔白,脉沉迟"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "B",
1079
+ "reason": ""
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "肾病综合征肺脾气虚证的治法是",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "辛开苦降、辟秽解毒",
1086
+ "B": "益气健脾、宣肺利水",
1087
+ "C": "平肝潜阳、泻肺逐水",
1088
+ "D": "泻肺逐水,温阳扶正",
1089
+ "E": "健脾益气、化气行水"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "B",
1092
+ "reason": "肾病综合征肺脾气虚证的治法是益气健脾、宜肺利水,方选黄芪汤合五苓散。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "龙胆泻肝汤主治",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "肝郁气滞胁痛",
1099
+ "B": "肝郁化火胁痛",
1100
+ "C": "肝郁血虚胁痛",
1101
+ "D": "肝郁阴虚胁痛",
1102
+ "E": "肝胆实火胁痛"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "E",
1105
+ "reason": "龙胆泻肝汤主治肝胆实火胁痛,本方证是由肝胆实火上炎或肝胆湿热循经下注所致。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "类风湿关节炎,常表现为",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "指关节梭状畸形",
1112
+ "B": "杵状指",
1113
+ "C": "匙状甲",
1114
+ "D": "浮髌现象",
1115
+ "E": "肢端肥大"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "A",
1118
+ "reason": "指关节梭状畸形多见于类风湿关节炎。杵状指,如先天性心脏病、细菌性心内膜炎、呼吸系统疾患、内分泌障碍、肝病及缺铁性贫血均可伴发此症;而主动脉的动脉瘤、锁骨下动脉瘤、腋窝动脉瘤及一侧神经丛麻痹等疾病则常伴有单侧杵状指发生。匙状甲常见于缺铁性贫血,偶见于风湿热、甲癣等。浮髌现象见于各种原因引起的膝关节腔大量积液。肢端肥大见于青春期发育成熟后,腺垂体功能亢进,生长激素分泌过多引起的肢端肥大症。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "热秘的辦证特点是()",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "面赤身热,口臭唇焦,尿赤,苔黄燥,脉滑实",
1125
+ "B": "暖气频作,胸胁痞满,腹胀,苔薄腻,脉弦",
1126
+ "C": "神疲气短,临厕努挣乏力,大便不燥,脉虛",
1127
+ "D": "面色无华,头晕心悸,舌淡,脉细",
1128
+ "E": "面色苍白,畏寒肢冷,尿清,舌苔白,脉沉迟"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "A",
1131
+ "reason": "便秘的辨证治疗。气洪便秘的特点是大便秘结,欲便不得,嗳气频作,胸胁痞满,腹胀,苔薄腻,脉弦;热秘的特点是大便干结,面赤身热,或兼有腹胀腹痛,口臭唇焦,尿赤,苔黄燥,脉滑实。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "急性肾小球肾炎水凌心肺证的治法是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "辛开苦降、辟秽解毒",
1138
+ "B": "益气健脾、宣肺利水",
1139
+ "C": "平肝潜阳、泻肺逐水",
1140
+ "D": "泻肺逐水,温阳扶正",
1141
+ "E": "健脾益气、化气行水"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "D",
1144
+ "reason": "急性肾小球肾炎水凌心肺证的治法是泻肺逐水、温阳扶正,方选己椒苈黄汤合参附汤。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "高热不退,烦闷躁扰,手足抽搐,甚则神昏,舌绛而干,脉弦而数,治应选用",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
1151
+ "B": "镇肝熄风汤",
1152
+ "C": "羚角钩藤汤",
1153
+ "D": "川芎茶调散",
1154
+ "E": "大定风珠"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "C",
1157
+ "reason": ""
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "诊断胰腺癌首选的检验项目是",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)",
1164
+ "B": "血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)",
1165
+ "C": "血清癌抗原125(CA125)",
1166
+ "D": "血清癌胚抗原(CEA)",
1167
+ "E": "血清糖链抗原19一9(CA19一9)"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "E",
1170
+ "reason": ""
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "安眠穴位于()",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "当翳风与风池穴连线的中点",
1177
+ "B": "乳突前下方与下颌角之间的凹陷中",
1178
+ "C": "胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌上端之间的凹陷中",
1179
+ "D": "后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中",
1180
+ "E": "耳后,乳突后下凹陷处"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "A",
1183
+ "reason": "安眠穴在项部,当翳风与风池穴连线的中点。"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "治疗痄腮邪犯少阳证主方为",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "桑菊饮",
1190
+ "B": "柴胡葛根汤",
1191
+ "C": "黄连解毒汤",
1192
+ "D": "普济消毒饮",
1193
+ "E": "三黄石膏汤"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "B",
1196
+ "reason": ""
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "头痛眩晕,失眠,舌红苔黄,脉弦,治疗应选用",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
1203
+ "B": "镇肝熄风汤",
1204
+ "C": "羚角钩藤汤",
1205
+ "D": "川芎茶调散",
1206
+ "E": "大定风珠"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "A",
1209
+ "reason": "羚角钩藤汤主治热盛动风证。症见高热不退,烦闷躁扰,手足抽搐,甚则神昏,舌绛而干,或舌焦起刺,脉弦而数。天麻钩藤饮主治肝阳偏亢、肝风上扰证。症见头痛眩晕,失眠,或口苦面红,舌红苔黄,脉弦或数。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "诊断卵巢癌首选的检验项目是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)",
1216
+ "B": "血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)",
1217
+ "C": "血清癌抗原125(CA125)",
1218
+ "D": "血清癌胚抗原(CEA)",
1219
+ "E": "血清糖链抗原19一9(CA19一9)"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "C",
1222
+ "reason": "前列腺癌时血清PSA水平明显增高。AFP是目前诊断原发性肝细胞癌最特异的标志物。CA125有助于卵巢癌的诊断及疗效观察。CEA增高见于结肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌等,但无特异性。CA19-9可作为胰腺癌、胆囊癌等恶性肿瘤的辅助诊断指标,尤其是诊断胰腺癌的敏感性和特异性较高,对监测病情变化和复发有较大的价值。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "天柱穴位于()",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "当翳风与风池穴连线的中点",
1229
+ "B": "乳突前下方与下颌角之间的凹陷中",
1230
+ "C": "胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌上端之间的凹陷中",
1231
+ "D": "后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中",
1232
+ "E": "耳后,乳突后下凹陷处"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "D",
1235
+ "reason": "天柱穴在后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "治疗痄腮热毒壅盛证主方为",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "桑菊饮",
1242
+ "B": "柴胡葛根汤",
1243
+ "C": "黄连解毒汤",
1244
+ "D": "普济消毒饮",
1245
+ "E": "三黄石膏汤"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "D",
1248
+ "reason": "痄腮邪犯少阳,应治以疏风清热,散结消肿,方选柴胡葛根汤。腮热毒壅盛,应治以清热解毒,软坚散结,方选普济消毒饮。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "发热微恶寒,口干微渴,头痛,脉浮数是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "太阳伤寒",
1255
+ "B": "太阳中风",
1256
+ "C": "卫分证",
1257
+ "D": "气分证",
1258
+ "E": "少阳证"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "C",
1261
+ "reason": "卫分证是温热病邪侵袭肌表,卫气功能失调,肺失宣降,以发热微恶寒,口干微渴,头痛脉浮数为主证。"
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "X线下见右上肺有多发的厚壁空洞。周围有较广泛的纤维条索影。应首先考虑的是",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "肺大疱",
1268
+ "B": "肺脓肿",
1269
+ "C": "浸润型肺结核空洞形成",
1270
+ "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核",
1271
+ "E": "周围型肺癌空洞形成"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "D",
1274
+ "reason": ""
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "目赤肿痛属风热者在基本处方的基础上加()",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "少商、外关",
1281
+ "B": "行间、侠溪",
1282
+ "C": "内关、太沖",
1283
+ "D": "睛明、太阳",
1284
+ "E": "风池、太阳"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "A",
1287
+ "reason": ""
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "抗原漂移指的是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "变异幅度小,出现频率低",
1294
+ "B": "变异幅度小,出现频率高",
1295
+ "C": "变异幅度大,出现频率低",
1296
+ "D": "变异幅度大,出现频率高",
1297
+ "E": "发生于乙型"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "B",
1300
+ "reason": ""
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "恶风发热,头痛,汗出,脉浮缓是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "太阳伤寒",
1307
+ "B": "太阳中风",
1308
+ "C": "卫分证",
1309
+ "D": "气分证",
1310
+ "E": "少阳证"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "B",
1313
+ "reason": "《伤寒论》说:“太阳病,发热,汗出!脉缓者,名为中风。”因此,“恶风发热,头痛,汗出,脉浮缓”是太阳中风证、"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "X线下见右下肺出现大片的浓密阴影,其内见一个含有液平面的圆形空洞,洞内壁光整,洞壁较厚应首先考虑的是",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "肺大疱",
1320
+ "B": "肺脓肿",
1321
+ "C": "浸润型肺结核空洞形成",
1322
+ "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核",
1323
+ "E": "周围型肺癌空洞形成"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "B",
1326
+ "reason": "肺大疱表现为位于肺野边缘甚细薄的透亮空腔,可为圆形、椭圆形或较扁的长方形,大小不一,较大的肺大疱中,有时可见到横贯的间隔。肺脓肿在急性化脓性炎症阶段,肺内出现大片密度致密影,密度较均匀,边缘模糊,可侵及一个肺段或一叶的大部。当病变中心肺组织发生坏死液化后,则在致密的实变中出现含有液面的空洞,空洞四周有较厚的炎症浸润,其内壁略不规整。引流支气管瓣性阻塞时,空洞可迅速增大。浸润型肺结核空洞形成X线表现:在肺上、中部显示大量条索状或一致致密影,其中有多发、不规则的空洞存在。可常有上部胸膜增厚,伴有不同程度的肺萎陷,致使胸廓塌陷,肋间隙变窄,肺门影上移,中、下肺部常有肺气肿,肺纹呈垂柳状。两肺中、下部有支气管播散病变。慢性纤维空洞型肺结核X线表现:在肺上、中部显示大量条索状或一致致密影,其中有多发、不规则的空洞存在。可常有上部胸膜增厚,伴有不同程度的肺萎陷,致使胸廓塌陷,肋间隙变窄、肺门影上移、中、下肺部常有肺气肿,肺纹呈垂柳状。两肺中、下部有支气管播散病变。周围型肺癌空洞形成癌瘤发生坏死,与支气管相通经排出后,可显示偏心性不规则空洞。或有结节向洞腔内突出。多数没有液平面,如伴有感染可出现明显的液平面。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "目赤肿痛属肝胆火盛者在基本处方的基础上加()",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "少商、外关",
1333
+ "B": "行间、侠溪",
1334
+ "C": "内关、太沖",
1335
+ "D": "睛明、太阳",
1336
+ "E": "风池、太阳"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "B",
1339
+ "reason": "目赤肿痛属风热者,加少商、外关,可化风热,清利目窍。目赤肿洗属肝胆火盛者,加行间、侠溪,清泻肝胆之火。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "抗原转换指的是",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "变异幅度小,出现频率低",
1346
+ "B": "变异幅度小,出现频率高",
1347
+ "C": "变异幅度大,出现频率低",
1348
+ "D": "变异幅度大,出现频率高",
1349
+ "E": "发生于乙型"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "C",
1352
+ "reason": "抗原漂移:变异辐度小,属于量变,不会引起流感的大规模流行,出现频率较高,且有逐渐积累效应。抗原转换:变异幅度大,属于质���,形成新的病毒亚型,由于人群对抗原转换后出现的新亚型缺少免疫力,往往会引起流感的全球性大流行,发生频率较低,且缓慢。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "肉桂在真人养汤中的作用是",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "温经散寒",
1359
+ "B": "温肾暧脾",
1360
+ "C": "温肾纳气",
1361
+ "D": "温脾暖胃",
1362
+ "E": "温肾暖肝"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "B",
1365
+ "reason": ""
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的良心是",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
1372
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命",
1373
+ "C": "医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
1374
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
1375
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "C",
1378
+ "reason": ""
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "针刺头面、胸腹部及四肢部的部分腧穴宜选()",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "仰靠坐位",
1385
+ "B": "俯伏坐位",
1386
+ "C": "仰卧位",
1387
+ "D": "侧卧位",
1388
+ "E": "俯卧位"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "C",
1391
+ "reason": ""
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "汗证肺卫不固的主症是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
1398
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
1399
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
1400
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
1401
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "A",
1404
+ "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿,以自汗为主,可伴有盗汗,易外感。"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "肉豆蔻在四神丸中的作用是",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "温经散寒",
1411
+ "B": "温肾暧脾",
1412
+ "C": "温肾纳气",
1413
+ "D": "温脾暖胃",
1414
+ "E": "温肾暖肝"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "D",
1417
+ "reason": "真人养脏汤主治久泻久痢,脾肾虚寒证。方中重用罂粟壳涩肠止泻,为君药。臣以肉豆蔻温中涩肠:河子涩肠止泻。君臣相须为用,体现“急则治标”“滑者涩之”之法。佐以肉桂温肾暖脾,人参白术补气健脾,三药合用温补脾肾以治本。四神丸主治脾肾阳虚之肾泄证。方中重用补骨脂补命门之火以温养脾土,为治肾虚泄泻,壮火益土之要药。臣以辛温之肉豆范温脾暖胃,涩肠止泻。肉豆蔻配合补骨脂是为温肾股脾,固涩止泻的常用组合。"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的情感是指",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
1424
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命",
1425
+ "C": "医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
1426
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
1427
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "E",
1430
+ "reason": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益属于权利。医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命属于义务。医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力是指良心。医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏是指荣誉。医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受是指情感。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "针刺头面、前颈、上胸、肩臂、腿膝、足踝等部腧穴宜选()",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "仰靠坐位",
1437
+ "B": "俯伏坐位",
1438
+ "C": "仰卧位",
1439
+ "D": "侧卧位",
1440
+ "E": "俯卧位"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "A",
1443
+ "reason": "]针刺准备体位。仰卧位时头面、胸腹部及四肢部的腧穴易于暴需,方便针刺。仰靠坐位时头面、前颈、上胸等部的穴位能得到最好的暴露。"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "汗证营卫失调的主症是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
1450
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
1451
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
1452
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
1453
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "B",
1456
+ "reason": "汗证营卫失调以自汗为主,营卫之气遍绕全身,所以汗出全身而不温,没有固定的部位。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "两胁胀痛,舌紫暗及瘀斑,其病机是",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "气血两虚",
1463
+ "B": "气血失和",
1464
+ "C": "气滞血瘀",
1465
+ "D": "气不摄血",
1466
+ "E": "气随血脱"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "C",
1469
+ "reason": "肝主疏泄而血,具有条达气机调节情志的功能。肝病日久,则肝气郁,疏泄失职,故见两胁胀满疼痛。气为血帅,气则血凝,故见舌质瘀点、瘀斑。"
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "人禽流感病毒致病力最强的亚型是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "甲型流感",
1476
+ "B": "乙型流感",
1477
+ "C": "H5N1",
1478
+ "D": "H7N7",
1479
+ "E": "H9N2"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "C",
1482
+ "reason": "禽流感病毒以H5N1致病性最强。"
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "将艾条燃着的一端与施灸部位并不固定在一定的距离,而是一上一下的移动施灸称为()",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "温和灸",
1489
+ "B": "温针灸",
1490
+ "C": "无瘢痕灸",
1491
+ "D": "雀啄灸",
1492
+ "E": "温灸器灸"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "D",
1495
+ "reason": ""
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "百日咳的主要病因病机是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "外感时邪,引动伏痰",
1502
+ "B": "感受风邪,肺气失宣",
1503
+ "C": "外感时邪,肺气上逆",
1504
+ "D": "禀赋不足,胎毒内蕴",
1505
+ "E": "肺脾气虚,痰浊阻肺"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "C",
1508
+ "reason": ""
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "气短乏力,兼见月经量多,其病机是",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "气血两虚",
1515
+ "B": "气血失和",
1516
+ "C": "气滞血瘀",
1517
+ "D": "气不摄血",
1518
+ "E": "气随血脱"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "D",
1521
+ "reason": "气短乏力,兼见月经量多,为气虚而不能统血,气虚与失血并见的证候"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "曾引起流感大流行的流感病毒亚型是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "甲型流感",
1528
+ "B": "乙型流感",
1529
+ "C": "H5N1",
1530
+ "D": "H7N7",
1531
+ "E": "H9N2"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "A",
1534
+ "reason": "甲型流感病毒宿主广泛,易发生变异,曾多次引起世界性大流行。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "将艾条的一端点燃,对准施灸部位距离2~3cm进行施灸称为()",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "温和灸",
1541
+ "B": "温针灸",
1542
+ "C": "无瘢痕灸",
1543
+ "D": "雀啄灸",
1544
+ "E": "温灸器灸"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "A",
1547
+ "reason": "炙法的分类,艾条灸。雀啄灸:施灸时,将艾条点燃的一端与施灸部位的皮肤并不固定在一定距离,而是像鸟雀啄食一样,一上一下活动地施灸。温和炙,施和时将艾条的一端点燃,对淮应灸的腧穴部位或患处,距皮肤2~3cm,进行熏烤,使患者局部有温热感而无灼痛为宜。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "百日咳恢复期咳而无力的病机是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "外感时邪,引动伏痰",
1554
+ "B": "感受风邪,肺气失宣",
1555
+ "C": "外感时邪,肺气上逆",
1556
+ "D": "禀赋不足,胎毒内蕴",
1557
+ "E": "肺脾气虚,痰浊阻肺"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "E",
1560
+ "reason": "百日咳病因为感受百日咳时邪,邪侵肺系,夹痰交结气道,导致肺失肃降,肺气上逆,发为痉咳,故149题选C。百日咳恢复期咳而无力多由脾气素虚,痰浊阻肺,痉咳日久,耗散正气而致,故150题选E。"
1561
+ }
1562
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_3/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1562 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "“娇脏”是指",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "肾",
7
+ "C": "胃",
8
+ "B": "脾",
9
+ "D": "肝",
10
+ "E": "肺"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "E",
13
+ "reason": "肺脏清虚而娇嫩,不耐寒热燥湿诸邪之侵;外感六淫之邪从皮毛或口鼻而人,常易犯肺为病,所以称“肺为娇脏”"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "慢性支气管炎与肺结核的主要监别依据是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "发热",
20
+ "B": "咳嗽",
21
+ "C": "咯血",
22
+ "D": "肺部啰音",
23
+ "E": "痰液检查"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "C",
26
+ "reason": ""
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "咳嗽肺阴亏耗证,其痰的特点是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "痰中带血、质浊、有腥臭味",
33
+ "B": "痰多、色黄、质稠",
34
+ "C": "痰白、质稀",
35
+ "D": "脓血相兼浊痰、有腥臭味",
36
+ "E": "痰少、质黏、夹有血丝"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "E",
39
+ "reason": "咳嗽肺阴亏耗证可见痰少、质黏、夹有血丝。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "首先将温病学说引进外科领域的是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "汪机",
46
+ "B": "高锦庭",
47
+ "C": "陈实功",
48
+ "D": "王洪绪",
49
+ "E": "吴师机"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "B",
52
+ "reason": ""
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "“刚脏”是指",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "肾",
59
+ "C": "胃",
60
+ "B": "脾",
61
+ "D": "肝",
62
+ "E": "肺"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "D",
65
+ "reason": "肝为刚脏指肝气主升主动,具有刚强躁急的生理特性。肝在五行属木,木性曲直,肝气具有木的冲和条达、伸展舒畅之能;肝有主疏泄的生理功能,肝气性喜条达而恶抑郁;肝内寄相火,主升主动。以上皆反映了肝为刚脏的生理特性。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "慢性支气管炎与肺癌的主要鉴别依据是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "发热",
72
+ "B": "咳嗽",
73
+ "C": "咯血",
74
+ "D": "肺部啰音",
75
+ "E": "痰液检查"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "E",
78
+ "reason": "慢性支气管炎的主要临床表现为咳嗽、咳痰,痰中可有血丝,但很少发生咯血。肺结核当肺部病变发展有组织坏死、空洞形成时,可有血痰、咯血。肺癌表现为发热咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸痛等。肺癌的痰液检查可检出癌细胞,而慢性支气管炎癌细胞检查阴性。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "咳嗽痰热郁肺证,其痰的特点是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "痰中带血、质浊、有腥臭味",
85
+ "B": "痰多、色黄、质稠",
86
+ "C": "痰白、质稀",
87
+ "D": "脓血相兼浊痰、有腥臭味",
88
+ "E": "痰少、质黏、夹有血丝"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "咳嗽痰热郁肺证可见痰多、色黄、质稠。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "创立了以阴阳为主的辨证论治法则的是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "汪机",
98
+ "B": "高锦庭",
99
+ "C": "陈实功",
100
+ "D": "王洪绪",
101
+ "E": "吴师机"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "D",
104
+ "reason": "高锦庭的《疡科心得集》揭示了外科病因的一般规律,立论以鉴别诊断为主,并将温病三焦辨证学说融合于疡科的辨证施治之中,王洪绪的《外科全生集》创立了以阴阳为主的辨证论治法则。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "具有先后关系的两脏是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "肺与肾",
111
+ "B": "肺与脾",
112
+ "C": "肺与肝",
113
+ "D": "肺与心",
114
+ "E": "脾与肾"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "E",
117
+ "reason": "肾为“先天之本”,脾为“后天之本”。【解析】肺司呼吸,肾主纳气。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "支气管哮喘的临床表现是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "长期、反复咳嗽、咯痰",
124
+ "B": "反复咳嗽、咯痰,喘息,并伴有哮鸣音",
125
+ "C": "咳嗽、咯痰,伴长期午后低热,消瘦,盗汗",
126
+ "D": "发作性带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难",
127
+ "E": "夜间熟睡后突然憋醒,伴咳嗽、咯痰"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "D",
130
+ "reason": "支气管哮喘为发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难或发作性胸闷和咳嗽。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "惊悸,临床上多见于",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "热证",
137
+ "B": "表证",
138
+ "C": "实证",
139
+ "D": "虚证",
140
+ "E": "寒证"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "C",
143
+ "reason": "惊悸多与情绪有关,骤然惊恐,忧思恼怒,悲哀紧张过极引发,阵发性,实证居多"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "疫疔的致病因素,属",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "外感六淫邪毒",
150
+ "B": "外来伤害",
151
+ "C": "情志内伤",
152
+ "D": "饮食不节",
153
+ "E": "感受特殊之毒"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "E",
156
+ "reason": ""
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "与呼吸关系密切的两脏是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "肺与肾",
163
+ "B": "肺与脾",
164
+ "C": "肺与肝",
165
+ "D": "肺与心",
166
+ "E": "脾与肾"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "A",
169
+ "reason": ""
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "慢性支气管炎喘息型的临床表现是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "长期、反复咳嗽、咯痰",
176
+ "B": "反复咳嗽、咯痰,喘息,并伴有哮鸣音",
177
+ "C": "咳嗽、咯痰,伴长期午后低热,消瘦,盗汗",
178
+ "D": "发作性带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难",
179
+ "E": "夜间熟睡后突然憋醒,伴咳嗽、咯痰"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "B",
182
+ "reason": "喘息型慢性支气管炎多见于中老年人,有慢性咳嗽史,喘息常年存在。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "怔忡,临床上多见于",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "热证",
189
+ "B": "表证",
190
+ "C": "实证",
191
+ "D": "虚证",
192
+ "E": "寒证"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "D",
195
+ "reason": "怔忡多由久病体虚、心脏受损所致,无精神因素也发生,常持续心悸,不能控制,较惊悸为重。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "乳岩的致病因素,属",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "外感六淫邪毒",
202
+ "B": "外来伤害",
203
+ "C": "情志内伤",
204
+ "D": "饮食不节",
205
+ "E": "感受特殊之毒"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "C",
208
+ "reason": "特殊之毒包括虫毒、蛇毒疯犬毒、漆毒、药毒、食物毒和毒、无名毒。至于肿瘤的发病,则与情志内伤有关。朱丹溪认为乳岩是由于“忧怒郁闷,朝夕积累,脾气消阻,肝气横逆”所致失荣之病。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "治疗血虚,常配伍补气药,其根据是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "气能生血",
215
+ "B": "气能摄血",
216
+ "C": "气能行血",
217
+ "D": "血能载气",
218
+ "E": "血能生气"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "A",
221
+ "reason": "气能生血,气能行血,气能摄血,气为血帅;治疗血虚,常配伍补气药,是根据气能生血。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "慢性肾小球肾炎高血压型的主要特点是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "轻度水肿",
228
+ "B": "大量蛋白尿",
229
+ "C": "中度以上高血压",
230
+ "D": "肾功能衰竭",
231
+ "E": "贫血"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "C",
234
+ "reason": ""
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "患者喧扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒,其诊断是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "癫证",
241
+ "B": "狂证",
242
+ "C": "痫证",
243
+ "D": "痉证",
244
+ "E": "中风"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": ""
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "形成瘤的主要病机是",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "邪气偏盛",
254
+ "B": "阴阳失调",
255
+ "C": "阴毒结聚",
256
+ "D": "正气不足",
257
+ "E": "经络阻塞"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "A",
260
+ "reason": ""
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "气随血脱的生理基础是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "气能生血",
267
+ "B": "气能摄血",
268
+ "C": "气能行血",
269
+ "D": "血能载气",
270
+ "E": "血能生气"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "D",
273
+ "reason": "气随血脱的生理基础是血能载气,即西医的气体由血液运输,"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "慢性肾小球肾炎肾病型的主要特点是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "轻度水肿",
280
+ "B": "大量蛋白尿",
281
+ "C": "中度以上高血压",
282
+ "D": "肾功能衰竭",
283
+ "E": "贫血"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "B",
286
+ "reason": "慢性肾小球肾炎系各种病因引起的不同病理类型的双侧肾小球弥漫性或局灶性炎症改变,临床起病隐匿,病程冗长,病情多发展缓慢的一组原发性肾小球疾病的总称。高血压型:以持续性中等度血压增高为主要表现,特别是舒张压持统增高,常伴有眼底视网膜动脉细窄、迂曲和动、静脉交叉压迫现象,少数可有架状渗出物和(或)出血。病理以局灶节段肾小球硬化和弥漫性增殖为多见,或晚期不能定型或多有肾小球硬化表现。尿蛋白型:(十)~(十十十),离心尿红细胞>10个/高倍视野和管型尿等。病理改变以系膜增殖局灶节段系膜增殖性和膜增殖、肾小球肾炎为多见。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "患者沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多喜,其诊断是",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "癫证",
293
+ "B": "狂证",
294
+ "C": "痫证",
295
+ "D": "痉证",
296
+ "E": "中风"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "疯属阴,狂属阳。疯病多虚,以沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多喜为特征。狂证多实,以喧扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒为特征。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "形成岩的主要病机是",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "邪气偏盛",
306
+ "B": "阴阳失调",
307
+ "C": "阴毒结聚",
308
+ "D": "正气不足",
309
+ "E": "经络阻塞"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "邪气偏盛是形成瘤的主要病机,正气不足是形成岩的主要病机。而阴阳失调、经络阻塞只是一般病的表浅症状。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "久病累及脾肾,以致脾肾阳虚,温煦气化失司,可以形成",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "风气内动",
319
+ "B": "寒从中生",
320
+ "C": "湿浊内生",
321
+ "D": "津伤化燥",
322
+ "E": "火热内生"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "B",
325
+ "reason": "脾肾阳虚,阳虚则阴盛,阴为寒,故寒从中生。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "慢性粒细胞白血病的特点是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "全血细胞减少",
332
+ "B": "嗜碱粒细胞增多",
333
+ "C": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增多",
334
+ "D": "酸化溶血试验阳性",
335
+ "E": "网织红细胞增多"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "B",
338
+ "reason": "慢性粒细胞白血病白细胞数增高,主要为中性中、晚幼和杆状核粒细胞,原始细胞(I型十Ⅱ型)<5%~10%,嗜酸、啫碱粒细胞增多,可有少量有核细胞。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "患者泄泻腹痛。泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。治疗应首选",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
345
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
346
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
347
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
348
+ "E": "芍药汤"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "C",
351
+ "reason": "湿热在肠,传导失常,故腹痛,泻下急迫。气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,都是湿热互结的表现。治宜清热利湿,用葛根芩连汤。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "多形性红斑风寒证,内治应首选",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "桂枝汤",
358
+ "B": "桑菊饮",
359
+ "C": "银翘散",
360
+ "D": "茵陈蒿汤合消风散",
361
+ "E": "普济消毒饮"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "A",
364
+ "reason": "寒湿阻络型治法:和营寒化湿,方用桂枝汤。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "邪热炽盛,煎灼津液,伤及营血,燔灼肝经,可以形成",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "风气内动",
371
+ "B": "寒从中生",
372
+ "C": "湿浊内生",
373
+ "D": "津伤化燥",
374
+ "E": "火热内生"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "邪热炽盛,燔灼肝经,热极生风,可以形成风气内动。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "急性白血病的特点是",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "全血细胞减少",
384
+ "B": "嗜碱粒细胞增多",
385
+ "C": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增多",
386
+ "D": "酸化溶血试验阳性",
387
+ "E": "网织红细胞增多"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "C",
390
+ "reason": "急性白血病:原始细胞占全部骨髓有核细胞>30%为急性白血病的诊断标准。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "患者腹痛拘急。痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少。里急后重,脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治疗应首选",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
397
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
398
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
399
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
400
+ "E": "芍药汤"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "寒湿留滞肠中,气机阻滞故腹痛拘急,里急后重;只伤及气分,故痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少;寒湿困脾,故脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治宜温化寒湿,调气和血,用不换金正气散。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "多形性红斑风湿热证,内治应首选",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "桂枝汤",
410
+ "B": "桑菊饮",
411
+ "C": "银翘散",
412
+ "D": "茵陈蒿汤合消风散",
413
+ "E": "普济消毒饮"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "D",
416
+ "reason": "湿热蕴结型治法:清热解毒利湿,方用茵陈营汤合消风散。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "知母的主要归经是",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "肺、胃、肾经",
423
+ "B": "肺、脾、肾经",
424
+ "C": "心、脾、肾经",
425
+ "D": "心、肝、肾经",
426
+ "E": "心、肝、脾经"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "A",
429
+ "reason": "知母苦、甘,寒。归肺、胃、肾经。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "有机磷农药中毒的瞳孔变化是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "瞳孔扩大",
436
+ "B": "瞳孔缩小",
437
+ "C": "瞳孔呈白色",
438
+ "D": "两瞳孔大小不等",
439
+ "E": "瞳孔形状不规则"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "B",
442
+ "reason": ""
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "患者腹胀,腹部时有条索状物聚起,按之胀痛更甚。便秘,纳呆,舌苔腻,脉弦滑。治疗应首选",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "逍遥散",
449
+ "B": "六磨汤",
450
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝散合失笑散",
451
+ "D": "膈下逐瘀汤合六君子汤",
452
+ "E": "八珍汤合化积丸"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "B",
455
+ "reason": "腹部时有条索状物聚起:时出时没,是聚证,按之胀痛更甚,便秘,纳呆,是饮食停滞,痰食交阻之证,治宜行气化痰,导滞通腑,用六磨汤。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "脱疽表现为患肢暗红、紫红或青紫,下垂更甚,肌肉萎缩。趺阳脉搏动消失,患肢持久性疼痛,夜间尤甚,其证候是",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "寒湿阻络",
462
+ "B": "血脉瘀阻",
463
+ "C": "湿热毒盛",
464
+ "D": "热毒伤阴",
465
+ "E": "气阴两虚"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "B",
468
+ "reason": ""
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "龟甲的主要归经是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "肺、胃、肾经",
475
+ "B": "肺、脾、肾经",
476
+ "C": "心、脾、肾经",
477
+ "D": "心、肝、肾经",
478
+ "E": "心、肝、脾经"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "D",
481
+ "reason": "龟甲甘,寒。归肾、肝、心经"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "阿托品中毒的瞳孔变化是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "瞳孔扩大",
488
+ "B": "瞳孔缩小",
489
+ "C": "瞳孔呈白色",
490
+ "D": "两瞳孔大小不等",
491
+ "E": "瞳孔形状不规则"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "A",
494
+ "reason": "病理情况下,瞳孔缩小,见于虹膜炎症、中毒(有机磷类农药)药物反应(毛果芸香碱、吗啡、氯丙嗪)等。瞳孔扩大见于外伤、颈交感神经刺激、青光眼绝对期、视神经萎缩、药物影响(阿托品、可卡因)等。双侧瞳孔大小不等,常提示有颅内病变,如脑外伤脑肿瘤、中枢神经梅毒、脑疝等。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "患者腹部积块明显,质地较硬,固定不移;刺痛,形体消瘦,纳谷减少,面色晦暗黧黑。舌质紫,脉细涩。治疗应首选",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "逍遥散",
501
+ "B": "六磨汤",
502
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝散合失笑散",
503
+ "D": "膈下逐瘀汤合六君子汤",
504
+ "E": "八珍汤合化积丸"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "D",
507
+ "reason": "腹部积块明显,质地较硬固定不移,刺痛,为积证,瘀血内结,用膈下逐瘀汤祛瘀软坚散结。久病伤脾,故宜间服六君子汤调理脾胃,顾护后天。A项用于肝气郁结聚证。C项用于气滞加血阻证。E项用于正虚瘀结证。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "脱疽表现为患肢暗红而肿,患肢如煮熟之红枣,渐变为紫黑色,呈浸淫蔓延,溃破腐烂,疼痛异常,彻夜不得安眠,其证候是",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "寒湿阻络",
514
+ "B": "血脉瘀阻",
515
+ "C": "湿热毒盛",
516
+ "D": "热毒伤阴",
517
+ "E": "气阴两虚"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "B",
520
+ "reason": "脱疗表现为患肢暗红,装红或青紫,下垂更甚,肌肉萎缩。跌阳脉搏动消失,患肢持久性疼痛,夜间尤甚,为血脉瘀阻证。患肢暗红而肿,患肢如煮熟之红枣,渐变为紫黑色,呈浸淫蔓延,溃破腐烂,疼痛异常:彻夜不得安眠。为寒邪久蕴,郁而化热,湿热浸淫,则溃破腐烂。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能消骨鲠的药物是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "威灵仙",
527
+ "B": "防己",
528
+ "C": "狗脊",
529
+ "D": "独活",
530
+ "E": "木瓜"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": ""
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "胆道结石,常表现",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "慢性规律性的上腹痛",
540
+ "B": "无规律性的上腹痛",
541
+ "C": "右上腹绞痛",
542
+ "D": "左上腹剧痛",
543
+ "E": "全腹剧痛"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "由于胆石在肠道内的移动使胆赛或胆总管业滑肌扩张及经李而产生胆绞痛,一般在中上腹或右上腹持续加重。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "患者水肿日久,腰以下肿甚,按之凹陷不起,畏寒肢冷。尿少。舌淡苔白滑,脉沉弱,其证候是",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "风水泛滥",
553
+ "B": "湿毒浸淫",
554
+ "C": "水湿浸渍",
555
+ "D": "湿热壅盛",
556
+ "E": "脾阳虚衰"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "E",
559
+ "reason": ""
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "患者,女,27岁,已婚。月经周期提前量多,色淡,质稀,神疲乏力,小腹空坠,纳少便溏,其证候是",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "气虚",
566
+ "B": "血虚",
567
+ "C": "血热",
568
+ "D": "湿热",
569
+ "E": "血瘀"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": ""
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能强腰膝的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "威灵仙",
579
+ "B": "防己",
580
+ "C": "狗脊",
581
+ "D": "独活",
582
+ "E": "木瓜"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "C",
585
+ "reason": "威灵仙祛风湿,通经络,消骨鲠。防己祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿。狗脊祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。此外,狗脊的绒毛有止血作用。独活祛风湿,止痛,解表。木瓜舒筋活络,和胃化湿。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "消化性溃疡,常表现",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "慢性规律性的上腹痛",
592
+ "B": "无规律性的上腹痛",
593
+ "C": "右上腹绞痛",
594
+ "D": "左上腹剧痛",
595
+ "E": "全���剧痛"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "A",
598
+ "reason": "由于溃疡发生后可自行愈合,但每于愈合后又好复发,故常有上腹疼痛长期反复发作的特点,并且与饮食之间的关系具有明显的相关性和节律性。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "患者眼睑浮肿,继则四肢及全身皆肿。来势迅速,伴有恶寒发热,小便不利,舌苔薄白,脉浮紧,其证候是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "风水泛滥",
605
+ "B": "湿毒浸淫",
606
+ "C": "水湿浸渍",
607
+ "D": "湿热壅盛",
608
+ "E": "脾阳虚衰"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "A",
611
+ "reason": "风水泛滥的特点是有外感的表现恶寒发热,风助水势,善行数变,故来势迅速,初期为眼睑浮肿,继则四肢及全身皆肿。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "患者,女,28岁,已婚。产后恶露量多。过期不止,色深红,质稠黏而臭秽,口干咽燥,面色潮红,其证候是",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "气虚",
618
+ "B": "血虚",
619
+ "C": "血热",
620
+ "D": "湿热",
621
+ "E": "血瘀"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "C",
624
+ "reason": "月经先期的病因病机主要是气虚和血热。由题干月经周期提前可知为月经先期,由量多,色淡,质稀,神疲乏力,小腹空坠,纳少便溏可判断为虚证。由题干产后恶露量多可判断为产后恶露不绝,由过期不止,色深红,质稠黏而臭秽,口干咽燥,面色潮红。可知为血热证。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "具有止痢功效的药物是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "白及",
631
+ "B": "仙鹤草",
632
+ "C": "棕榈炭",
633
+ "D": "血余炭",
634
+ "E": "炮姜"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "B",
637
+ "reason": ""
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "抽搐伴高血压,肢体瘫痪,见于",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "癔症",
644
+ "B": "破伤风",
645
+ "C": "脑血管疾病",
646
+ "D": "中毒性痢疾",
647
+ "E": "菌膜炎"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "C",
650
+ "reason": ""
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "治疗阴虚火旺之郁证,应首选",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "二阴煎",
657
+ "B": "滋水清肝饮",
658
+ "C": "天王补心丹",
659
+ "D": "左归丸",
660
+ "E": "黄连阿胶汤"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "B",
663
+ "reason": ""
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "滋血汤",
670
+ "B": "归肾丸",
671
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
672
+ "D": "乌药汤",
673
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "C",
676
+ "reason": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选桃红四物汤。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "具有杀虫功效的药物是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "白及",
683
+ "B": "仙鹤草",
684
+ "C": "棕榈炭",
685
+ "D": "血余炭",
686
+ "E": "炮姜"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "B",
689
+ "reason": "白及收敛止血,消肿生肌。仙鹤草收敛止血,止痢,截疟,补虚,解毒杀虫。棕榈炭收敛止血,止泻止带。血余炭收敛止血,化瘀利尿。炮姜温经止血,温中止痛。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "抽搐伴苦笑面容,见于",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "癔症",
696
+ "B": "破伤风",
697
+ "C": "脑血管疾病",
698
+ "D": "中毒性痢疾",
699
+ "E": "菌膜炎"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "B",
702
+ "reason": "癔症是由明显的精神因素,如生活事件、内心冲突或情绪激动、暗示或自我暗示等而引起的一组疾病,表现为急性的短暂的精神障碍、身体障碍(包括感觉、运动和自主神经功能紊乱),没有器质性基础;破伤风见于烦躁不安,局部疼痛,肌肉牵拉,抽搐及强直、苦笑面容;脑血管疾病以骨骼肌痉挛为主要表现,可伴血压升高;中毒性痢疾可出现高热,烦躁谵妄,反复惊厥,神志昏迷,大便腥臭,伴有脓血或无大便。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "治疗阴虚火旺之不寐,应首选",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "二阴煎",
709
+ "B": "滋水清肝饮",
710
+ "C": "天王补心丹",
711
+ "D": "左归丸",
712
+ "E": "黄连阿胶汤"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "C",
715
+ "reason": "郁证和不寐都可由阴虚火旺引起,但根据两者病机特点不同,郁证治宜疏肝理气,开郁散结,故用滋水清肝饮。不寐治宜养心安神定志,故用天王补心丹,其余选项虽也可滋阴降火,但是没有顾及两病病机的特点。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "治疗月经过少痰湿证,应首选",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "滋血汤",
722
+ "B": "归肾丸",
723
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
724
+ "D": "乌药汤",
725
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "E",
728
+ "reason": "治疗月经过少痰湿证,应首选苍附导痰丸。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "补骨脂具有的功效是",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "祛寒除湿",
735
+ "B": "祛风止痒",
736
+ "C": "益肝明目",
737
+ "D": "活血止痛",
738
+ "E": "��脾止泻"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "E",
741
+ "reason": "补骨脂具有的动效是补肾壮阳、固精缩尿、温脾止泻、纳气平喘。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "主动脉瓣关闭不全,多表现为",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "脉搏短绌",
748
+ "B": "水冲脉",
749
+ "C": "奇脉",
750
+ "D": "颈静脉搏动",
751
+ "E": "交替脉"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "B",
754
+ "reason": ""
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "治疗痉证邪壅经络证,应首选",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "羌活胜湿汤",
761
+ "B": "葛根汤",
762
+ "C": "瓜蒌桂枝汤",
763
+ "D": "羚角钩藤汤",
764
+ "E": "大定风珠"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": ""
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "产后肢体关节疼痛,屈伸不利,痛无定处,其证候是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "血瘀",
774
+ "B": "风寒",
775
+ "C": "肾虚",
776
+ "D": "血虚",
777
+ "E": "气虚"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "B",
780
+ "reason": "题干产后肢体关节疼痛:屈伸不利,痛无定处,辨证为风寒证。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "仙茅具有的功效是",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "祛寒除湿",
787
+ "B": "祛风止痒",
788
+ "C": "益肝明目",
789
+ "D": "活血止痛",
790
+ "E": "温脾止泻"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "仙茅具有的功效是温肾壮阳、祛寒除湿、培补肝肾。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "缩窄性心包炎,多表现为",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "脉搏短绌",
800
+ "B": "水冲脉",
801
+ "C": "奇脉",
802
+ "D": "颈静脉搏动",
803
+ "E": "交替脉"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "C",
806
+ "reason": "脉搏短绌发生于心房颤动、频发室性期前收缩等。水冲脉主要见于主动脉瓣关闭不全,也可见于甲状腺功能亢进症、广重贫血、动脉导管未闭等。奇脉在大童心包积液、缩窄性心包炎时可发生。颈静脉搏动见于右心衰竭。交替脉为左心衰竭的重要体征之一。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "治疗痉证肝经热盛证,应首选",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "羌活胜湿汤",
813
+ "B": "葛根汤",
814
+ "C": "瓜蒌桂枝汤",
815
+ "D": "羚角钩藤汤",
816
+ "E": "大定风珠"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "D",
819
+ "reason": ""
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "产后遍身关节酸楚,肢体麻木,头晕心悸,其证候是",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "血瘀",
826
+ "B": "风寒",
827
+ "C": "肾虚",
828
+ "D": "血虚",
829
+ "E": "气虚"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "D",
832
+ "reason": "题干产后遍身关节酸楚肢体麻木,头晕心悸,辨证为血虚证。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "大黄附子汤的主治证候中有",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "大便稀溏",
839
+ "B": "腰膝酸软",
840
+ "C": "小便频数",
841
+ "D": "久痢赤白",
842
+ "E": "手足厥逆"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "E",
845
+ "reason": "大黄附子汤的主治证候为阳成恶药,腹捕便秘,胁下捕,友然,所冷,舌苔白腻,脉紧弦。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "正常人尿中可以偶见的管型是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "红细胞管型",
852
+ "B": "白细胞管型",
853
+ "C": "上皮细胞管型",
854
+ "D": "透明管型",
855
+ "E": "蜡样管型"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "D",
858
+ "reason": ""
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "至目外眦,转入耳中的经脉是",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
865
+ "B": "足少阳胆经",
866
+ "C": "足太阳膀胱经",
867
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
868
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "E",
871
+ "reason": ""
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "治疗癥瘕气滞血瘀证,应首选",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "逐瘀止血汤",
878
+ "B": "身痛逐瘀汤",
879
+ "C": "生化汤",
880
+ "D": "香棱丸",
881
+ "E": "少腹逐瘀汤"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "治疗癞痕气带血瘀证,应首选香棱丸。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "麻子仁丸的主治证候中有",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "大便稀溏",
891
+ "B": "腰膝酸软",
892
+ "C": "小便频数",
893
+ "D": "久痢赤白",
894
+ "E": "手足厥逆"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "C",
897
+ "reason": "麻子仁丸主治胃肠燥热,脾约便秘证,大便干结,小便频数。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "主要见于肾盂肾炎的管型是",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "红细胞管型",
904
+ "B": "白细胞管型",
905
+ "C": "上皮细胞管型",
906
+ "D": "透明管型",
907
+ "E": "蜡样管型"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "B",
910
+ "reason": "红细胞管型常见于急性肾炎。白细胞管型常见于肾孟肾炎。上皮细胞管型主要见于以下情况:①肾上皮细胞管型可见于急性肾小管坏死、肾淀粉样变性、急性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾炎、肾病综合征、肾移植后排斥反应、金属及其他化学物质的中毒;②透明管型较细,为无色透明内部不含颗粒的圆柱状体,正常人晨尿(要有足够的时间形成管型)中可有透明管型出现,常见于肾炎、肾淤血,发热性疾病等;③蜡样管型是由肾小管中长期停留的颗粒管型、细胞管型变性或直接由淀粉样变性上皮细胞溶解后形成,提示严重的肾小管坏死,预后不良。也见于肾小球肾炎晚期、肾功能衰竭、肾淀粉样变性。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "“起于目外眦,……下行耳后”的经脉是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
917
+ "B": "足少阳胆经",
918
+ "C": "足太阳膀胱经",
919
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
920
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "B",
923
+ "reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻,人上齿,环口挟唇,循喉咙;足少阳胆经起于目锐眦,下耳后,入耳中,出耳前;足太阳膀胱经起于目内眦,至耳上角,人络脑;手少阳三焦经系耳后,出耳上角、入耳中,至目锐眦;手太阳小肠经循喉,至目锐眦,入耳中,抵鼻。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "治疗不孕瘀滞胞宫证,应首选",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "逐瘀止血汤",
930
+ "B": "身痛逐瘀汤",
931
+ "C": "生化汤",
932
+ "D": "香棱丸",
933
+ "E": "少腹逐瘀汤"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "E",
936
+ "reason": "治疗不孕瘀滞胞宫证,应首选少腹逐瘀汤。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "生脉散与四君子汤的组成中均含有药物是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "茯苓",
943
+ "B": "附子",
944
+ "C": "白术",
945
+ "D": "甘草",
946
+ "E": "人参"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "E",
949
+ "reason": "生脉散组成:人参、表门冬、五味子。四君子汤组成:人参、白术、茯苓、炙甘草。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "属于重复感染的是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "原发感染后出现的病原体感染",
956
+ "B": "在感染某种病原体基础上再次感染同一病原体",
957
+ "C": "初次感染某种病原体",
958
+ "D": "在感染某种病原体基础上又被其他病原体感染",
959
+ "E": "人体同时感染两种或两种以上的病原体"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "B",
962
+ "reason": ""
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "八会穴中的筋会穴是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "足三里",
969
+ "B": "阳陵泉",
970
+ "C": "悬钟",
971
+ "D": "足临泣",
972
+ "E": "公孙"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "B",
975
+ "reason": ""
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "妇人腹痛肾阳虚衰证的治法是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "温肾助阳,暖宫止痛",
982
+ "B": "行气活血,化瘀止痛",
983
+ "C": "补血养营,和中止痛",
984
+ "D": "清热除湿,化瘀止痛",
985
+ "E": "散寒除湿,化瘀止痛"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "A",
988
+ "reason": "妇人腹痛肾阳虚衰证的治法是温肾助阳,暖宫止痛。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "四逆散与四逆汤的组成中均含有药物是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "茯苓",
995
+ "B": "附子",
996
+ "C": "白术",
997
+ "D": "甘草",
998
+ "E": "人参"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "D",
1001
+ "reason": "四逆散组成:甘草、枳实、柴胡、芍药。四逆汤组成:甘草、千姜、附子。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "属于继发感染的是",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "原发感染后出现的病原体感染",
1008
+ "B": "在感染某种病原体基础上再次感染同一病原体",
1009
+ "C": "初次感染某种病原体",
1010
+ "D": "在感染某种病原体基础上又被其他病原体感染",
1011
+ "E": "人体同时感染两种或两种以上的病原体"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "A",
1014
+ "reason": "根据病原体感染的次数时间先后和种数,感染可分为四种。①原发感染:初次感染某种病原体;②重复感染,在感染某种病原体基础上再次感染同一病原体;③混合感染,人体同时感染两种或两种以上的病原体;4重登感染,在感张呆本病原体基你被其他病原体感染。原发感染后出现的病原体感染称继发性感染。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "八脉交会穴中通带脉的是",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "足三里",
1021
+ "B": "阳陵泉",
1022
+ "C": "悬钟",
1023
+ "D": "足临泣",
1024
+ "E": "公孙"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "D",
1027
+ "reason": "八会穴和八脉交会穴的考查:筋会穴是阳陵泉,八脉交会穴中通带脉的是足临泣。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "妇人腹痛气滞血证的治法是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "温肾助阳,暖宫止痛",
1034
+ "B": "行气活血,化瘀止痛",
1035
+ "C": "补血养营,和中止痛",
1036
+ "D": "清热除湿,化瘀止痛",
1037
+ "E": "散寒除湿,化瘀止痛"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "B",
1040
+ "reason": "妇人腹痛气滞血瘀证的治法是行气活血,化瘀止痛。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "参苓白术散的功用是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "渗湿",
1047
+ "C": "升阳",
1048
+ "B": "通便",
1049
+ "D": "补血",
1050
+ "E": "疏肝"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "A",
1053
+ "reason": "参苓白术散的功用益气健脾,渗湿止泻。"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "人禽流感病毒致病力最强的亚型是",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "甲型流感",
1060
+ "B": "乙型流感",
1061
+ "C": "H5N1",
1062
+ "D": "H7N7",
1063
+ "E": "H9N2"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "C",
1066
+ "reason": "禽流感病毒以H5N1致病性最强。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "曲池在五输穴中属",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "井穴",
1073
+ "B": "荥穴",
1074
+ "C": "合穴",
1075
+ "D": "经穴",
1076
+ "E": "输穴"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "C",
1079
+ "reason": "曲池穴是大肠经的合穴"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "当小儿出现脾胃病时,应特别注意询问的是",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "胎产史",
1086
+ "B": "喂养史",
1087
+ "C": "生长发育史",
1088
+ "D": "预防接种史",
1089
+ "E": "家族史"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "B",
1092
+ "reason": "脾胃病多与饮食有关。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "炙甘草汤的功用是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "渗湿",
1099
+ "C": "升阳",
1100
+ "B": "通便",
1101
+ "D": "补血",
1102
+ "E": "疏肝"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "D",
1105
+ "reason": "炙甘草汤的功用益气滋阴,通阳复脉,为阴阳气血并补之剂。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "曾引起流感大流行的流感病毒亚型是",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "甲型流感",
1112
+ "B": "乙型流感",
1113
+ "C": "H5N1",
1114
+ "D": "H7N7",
1115
+ "E": "H9N2"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "A",
1118
+ "reason": "甲型流感病毒宿主广泛,易发生变异,曾多次引起世界性大流行。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "太溪在五输穴中属",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "井穴",
1125
+ "B": "荥穴",
1126
+ "C": "合穴",
1127
+ "D": "经穴",
1128
+ "E": "输穴"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "E",
1131
+ "reason": "太溪是肾经的输穴。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "需要与传染病监别时,应特别注意询问的是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "胎产史",
1138
+ "B": "喂养史",
1139
+ "C": "生长发育史",
1140
+ "D": "预防接种史",
1141
+ "E": "家族史"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "D",
1144
+ "reason": "传染病多与预防接种史有关。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "具有消导化积、清热祛湿功用的方剂是",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "舟车丸",
1151
+ "B": "保和丸",
1152
+ "C": "枳实消痞丸",
1153
+ "D": "木香槟榔丸",
1154
+ "E": "枳实导滞丸"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "E",
1157
+ "reason": ""
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "汉坦病毒Ⅰ型为",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "汉城病毒",
1164
+ "B": "汉滩病毒",
1165
+ "C": "普马拉病毒",
1166
+ "D": "辛诺柏病毒",
1167
+ "E": "希望山病毒"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "B",
1170
+ "reason": ""
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "治疗癃闭湿热下注证,应首选",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "膀胱俞、中极、行间、内庭",
1177
+ "B": "阴谷、肾俞、三焦俞、气海、委阳",
1178
+ "C": "脾俞、胃俞、足三里、血海",
1179
+ "D": "三阴交、阴陵泉、膀胱俞、中极",
1180
+ "E": "关元、中极、足三里、肾俞"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "D",
1183
+ "reason": "癃闭实证首选中极、膀胱俞、阴陵泉、三阴交。"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "舌疳的病机是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "脾病及心",
1190
+ "B": "脾病及肺",
1191
+ "C": "脾病及肝",
1192
+ "D": "阳虚水泛",
1193
+ "E": "脾病及肾"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "A",
1196
+ "reason": ""
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "具有行气导滞、攻积泄热功用的方剂是",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "舟车丸",
1203
+ "B": "保和丸",
1204
+ "C": "枳实消痞丸",
1205
+ "D": "木香槟榔丸",
1206
+ "E": "枳实导滞丸"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "D",
1209
+ "reason": "舟车丸行气破泄,逐水消肿,通利二便。保和丸消食和胃。实消丸消痞除满,健脾和胃。木香槟榔丸行气导滞攻积泄热。枳实导滞丸消导化积,清热利湿。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "汉坦病毒Ⅱ型为",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "汉城病毒",
1216
+ "B": "汉滩病毒",
1217
+ "C": "普马拉病毒",
1218
+ "D": "辛诺柏病毒",
1219
+ "E": "希望山病毒"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "A",
1222
+ "reason": "汉坦病毒目前至少有23个以上血清型,WHO认定的只有I~V型:病毒型别不同,对人类的致病性亦不同。工型汉滩病毒(Hantaanvirus,HTNV或野鼠型)号起的病情较重;Ⅱ型汉城病毒(Seouvirus,SEOV或家鼠型)病情中等。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "治疗癃闭肾气不足证,应首选",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "膀胱俞、中极、行间、内庭",
1229
+ "B": "阴谷、肾俞、三焦俞、气海、委阳",
1230
+ "C": "脾俞、胃俞、足三里、血海",
1231
+ "D": "三阴交、阴陵泉、膀胱俞、中极",
1232
+ "E": "关元、中极、足三里、肾俞"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "B",
1235
+ "reason": "肾气不足证首选阴谷、肾俞、三焦俞、气海、委阳。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "疳肿胀的病机是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "脾病及心",
1242
+ "B": "脾病及肺",
1243
+ "C": "脾病及肝",
1244
+ "D": "阳虚水泛",
1245
+ "E": "脾病及肾"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "D",
1248
+ "reason": "疳证的兼证,舌将一腺病及心;眼疳一脾病及肝;肺疳一脾病及肺;骨疳-脾病及肾;疳肿胀一阳虚水泛。"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "邪人脏腑,病情严重者,指纹的表现是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "显于风关",
1255
+ "B": "达于气关",
1256
+ "C": "达于命关",
1257
+ "D": "透关射甲",
1258
+ "E": "未超风关"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "C",
1261
+ "reason": ""
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "SARS的主要传播方式是",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "空气",
1268
+ "B": "水、食物",
1269
+ "C": "蚊虫",
1270
+ "D": "土壤",
1271
+ "E": "母婴"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "A",
1274
+ "reason": "SARS的传播途径是近距离呼吸道飞沫传播,是主要传播方式。"
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "属手少阴心经的腧穴是",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "少海",
1281
+ "B": "小海",
1282
+ "C": "照海",
1283
+ "D": "气海",
1284
+ "E": "血海"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "A",
1287
+ "reason": ""
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "治疗慢惊风脾虚肝亢证,应首选",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "大定风珠",
1294
+ "B": "十全大补汤",
1295
+ "C": "缓肝理脾汤",
1296
+ "D": "固真汤",
1297
+ "E": "逐寒荡惊汤"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "C",
1300
+ "reason": ""
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "病情凶险者,指纹的表现是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "显于风关",
1307
+ "B": "达于气关",
1308
+ "C": "达于命关",
1309
+ "D": "透关射甲",
1310
+ "E": "未超风关"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "D",
1313
+ "reason": "络脉的长短反映着病情的轻重,病情越重,络脉越长,络脉达于命关,为病邪深重;若络脉透过三关直达指端者,称为透关射甲,病多凶险,预后不佳。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "流脑的传播途径是",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "空气",
1320
+ "B": "水、食物",
1321
+ "C": "蚊虫",
1322
+ "D": "土壤",
1323
+ "E": "母婴"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "A",
1326
+ "reason": "流脑的传播途径主要是咳嗽、喷、说话等由飞沫借空气经呼吸道传播。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "属足少阴肾经的腧穴是",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "少海",
1333
+ "B": "小海",
1334
+ "C": "照海",
1335
+ "D": "气海",
1336
+ "E": "血海"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "C",
1339
+ "reason": "少海穴属手少阴心经,为其合穴;照海穴属足少阴肾经,为八脉交会穴通阴跷脉;气海属任脉,为盲之原穴;血海属足太阴脾经;小海属手太阳小肠经合穴。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "治疗慢惊风阴虚风动证,应首选",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "大定风珠",
1346
+ "B": "十全大补汤",
1347
+ "C": "缓肝理脾汤",
1348
+ "D": "固真汤",
1349
+ "E": "逐寒荡惊汤"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "A",
1352
+ "reason": "慢惊风的证型:脾虚肝亢一温中健脾,方用缓肝理脾汤;脾肾阳虚·温补脾肾、回阳救逆,方用固真汤合逐寒荡惊汤加减;阴虚风动一育阴潜阳,滋补肝肾,方用大定风珠加减。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "热邪壅肺证,可见",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "咳嗽,咯痰稀白",
1359
+ "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
1360
+ "C": "咳喘,咯痰黄稠",
1361
+ "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咯",
1362
+ "E": "咳喘,痰多易咯"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "C",
1365
+ "reason": ""
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "反映医患关系本质的是",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
1372
+ "B": "医患关系是具有较强道德意义的社会关系",
1373
+ "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
1374
+ "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
1375
+ "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "B",
1378
+ "reason": "医患关系本质是具有较强道德意义的社会关系。"
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "横骨上廉至内辅骨上廉的骨度分寸是",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "3寸",
1385
+ "B": "13寸",
1386
+ "C": "16寸",
1387
+ "D": "18寸",
1388
+ "E": "19寸"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "D",
1391
+ "reason": ""
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "汗证肺卫不固的主症是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
1398
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
1399
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
1400
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、��肢为多",
1401
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "A",
1404
+ "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿,以自汗为主,可伴有盗汗,易外感以头部、肩背部汗出明显。"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "燥邪犯肺证,可见",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "咳嗽,咯痰稀白",
1411
+ "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
1412
+ "C": "咳喘,咯痰黄稠",
1413
+ "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咯",
1414
+ "E": "咳喘,痰多易咯"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "D",
1417
+ "reason": "A项可能为肺气虚证,风寒束肺证;B项提示肺阳虚证;C项为风热犯肺证;D项为燥邪犯肺证;E项为寒饮阻肺证。"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "概括医患关系内容的是",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
1424
+ "B": "医患关系是具有较强道德意义的社会关系",
1425
+ "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
1426
+ "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
1427
+ "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "E",
1430
+ "reason": "医患关系内容是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联杀"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "外踝尖至足底的骨度分寸是",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "3寸",
1437
+ "B": "13寸",
1438
+ "C": "16寸",
1439
+ "D": "18寸",
1440
+ "E": "19寸"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "A",
1443
+ "reason": "骨度分寸法,即以骨节为主要标志测量周身各部的大小、长短,并依其尺寸按比例折算作为定穴的标准。下肢部:横骨上廉至内辅骨上廉18寸;内辅骨下廉至内踝尖13寸;膝中至外踝尖16寸;外踝尖至足底3寸;髀枢至膝中19寸。"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "汗证营卫失调的主症是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "自汗为主,头部、肩背部明显",
1450
+ "B": "自汗为主,汗出遍身而不温",
1451
+ "C": "盗汗为主,手足心热",
1452
+ "D": "自汗或盗汗,头部、四肢为多",
1453
+ "E": "盗汗为主,遍身汗出"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "B",
1456
+ "reason": "汗证营卫失调以自汗为主,营卫之气遍绕全身,所以汗出全身而不温,没有固定的部位。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "邪人营血证的舌象是",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "舌色淡红",
1463
+ "B": "舌质淡白",
1464
+ "C": "舌质绛红",
1465
+ "D": "舌质紫暗",
1466
+ "E": "舌起粗大红刺"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "C",
1469
+ "reason": ""
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "医疗事故赔偿确定具体赔偿数额,应当考虑的因素是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "医疗事故损害后果与患者原有疾病状况之间的关系",
1476
+ "B": "患者的经济状况",
1477
+ "C": "患者亲友在纠纷处理过程中的态度",
1478
+ "D": "无过错输血感染造成的不良后果",
1479
+ "E": "医患双方协商解决"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "A",
1482
+ "reason": "医疗事故赔偿,应当考虑下列因素,确定具体赔偿数额:①医疗事故等级;②医疗过失行为在医疗事故损害后果中的责任制度;③医疗事故损害后果与患者原有疾病状况之间的关系。"
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "属于手太阳小肠经的郄穴是",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "郄门",
1489
+ "B": "梁丘",
1490
+ "C": "地机",
1491
+ "D": "养老",
1492
+ "E": "外丘"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "D",
1495
+ "reason": ""
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "紫癜风热伤络证的治法是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "滋阴降火,凉血止血",
1502
+ "B": "疏风散邪,清热凉血",
1503
+ "C": "理气化瘀,活血止血",
1504
+ "D": "健脾养心,益气摄血",
1505
+ "E": "清热解毒,凉血止血"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "B",
1508
+ "reason": "紫瘢风热伤络证的治法是疏风散邪,清热凉血。"
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "气血瘀滞证的舌象是",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "舌色淡红",
1515
+ "B": "舌质淡白",
1516
+ "C": "舌质绛红",
1517
+ "D": "舌质紫暗",
1518
+ "E": "舌起粗大红刺"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "D",
1521
+ "reason": "舌色淡红为正常舌;舌质淡白常见于气血两虚证;舌质绛红见于邪人营血证;舌质紫暗见于气血瘀滞证;舌起粗大红刺见于脏腑阳热亢盛。"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "对发生医疗事故的赔偿等民事责任争议问题处理时,可以考虑的方式是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "医疗事故损害后果与患者原有疾病状况之间的关系",
1528
+ "B": "患者的经济状况",
1529
+ "C": "患者亲友在纠纷处理过程中的态度",
1530
+ "D": "无过错输血感染造成的不良后果",
1531
+ "E": "医患双方协商解决"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "E",
1534
+ "reason": "发生医疗事故的赔偿等民事责任争议,医患双方可以协商解决;不愿意协商或者协商不成的。当事人可以向卫生行政部门提出调解申请,也可以直接向人民法院���起民事诉讼。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "属于足阳明胃经的郄穴是",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "郄门",
1541
+ "B": "梁丘",
1542
+ "C": "地机",
1543
+ "D": "养老",
1544
+ "E": "外丘"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "B",
1547
+ "reason": "郄穴是经脉之气深聚部位的腧穴,十二经脉各有一个,膀胱经的郄穴是金门,肺经为孔最,心经为阴郄,心包经为门,脾经为地机,肾经为水泉,肝经为中都,阴维为筑宾,阳维为阳交,大肠经为温溜,小肠经为养老,三焦经为会宗,胃经为梁丘,胆经为外丘,阴跷为交信,阳跷为跗阳。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "紫癜阴虚火旺证的治法是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "滋阴降火,凉血止血",
1554
+ "B": "疏风散邪,清热凉血",
1555
+ "C": "理气化瘀,活血止血",
1556
+ "D": "健脾养心,益气摄血",
1557
+ "E": "清热解毒,凉血止血"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "A",
1560
+ "reason": "紫阴虚火旺证的治法是滋阴降火,凉血止血。"
1561
+ }
1562
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Mock.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1562 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "素体阴虚阳亢者,受邪后多从",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "寒化",
7
+ "B": "热化",
8
+ "C": "燥化",
9
+ "D": "湿化",
10
+ "E": "火化"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "B",
13
+ "reason": ""
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "提示类风湿关节炎处于活动期的现是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "贫血",
20
+ "B": "晨僵",
21
+ "C": "关节肿胀",
22
+ "D": "类风湿结节",
23
+ "E": "抗角蛋白抗体阳性"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "D",
26
+ "reason": "类风湿结节较特异的皮肤表现,出现在15%~30%的患者,多出现在关节的隆突部位及皮肤的受压部位,如上肢的鹰嘴突、腕部及下肢的踝部出现皮下小结,大小不一、质硬、无压痛、对称性分布。常提示疾病处于活动阶段。"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "治疗哮病寒包热哮证,应首选()",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "射干麻黄汤",
33
+ "B": "三子养亲汤",
34
+ "C": "定喘汤",
35
+ "D": "厚朴麻黄汤",
36
+ "E": "麻杏石甘汤"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "D",
39
+ "reason": ""
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "以部位命名的是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "发",
46
+ "B": "背疽",
47
+ "C": "肠痈",
48
+ "D": "烂疔",
49
+ "E": "委中毒"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "B",
52
+ "reason": "以部位命名者,如颈痈、脐痈、乳痈、背疽、手发背。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "素体阳虚阴盛者,受邪后多从",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "寒化",
59
+ "B": "热化",
60
+ "C": "燥化",
61
+ "D": "湿化",
62
+ "E": "火化"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "A",
65
+ "reason": "人体感受邪气之后,由于体质的特殊性,病理性质往往发生不同的变化。阳虚体质者,感受寒湿阴邪,易从阴化寒化湿。阴虚体质者,易从阳化术、\""
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "类风湿关节炎最多见的表现是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "贫血",
72
+ "B": "晨僵",
73
+ "C": "关节肿胀",
74
+ "D": "类风湿结节",
75
+ "E": "抗角蛋白抗体阳性"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "B",
78
+ "reason": "类风湿关节炎95%以上患者可见晨僵,经夜间休息后,晨起时受累关节出现较长时间的僵硬、胶黏着样感觉,一般持续1小时以上。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "治疗哮病风痰哮证,应首选()",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "射干麻黄汤",
85
+ "B": "三子养亲汤",
86
+ "C": "定喘汤",
87
+ "D": "厚朴麻黄汤",
88
+ "E": "麻杏石甘汤"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "哮病寒哮用射干麻黄汤。热哮用定喘汤。痰浊哮用二陈汤合三子养亲汤。风痰哮用三子养亲汤。外寒内热的寒包火哮用厚朴麻黄汤。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "以疾病特性命名的是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "发",
98
+ "B": "背疽",
99
+ "C": "肠痈",
100
+ "D": "烂疔",
101
+ "E": "委中毒"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "D",
104
+ "reason": "以疾病特性命名者,如烂疔、流注、湿疮等。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "肝病日久,两胁胀满疼痛,并见舌质瘀斑、瘀点,其病机是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "气滞血瘀",
111
+ "B": "气不摄血",
112
+ "C": "气随血脱",
113
+ "D": "气血两虚",
114
+ "E": "气血失和"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "A",
117
+ "reason": "两胁胀满为气滞表现,舌质瘀斑、瘀点为血瘀表现,故此患者证型为气滞血瘀。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增高为",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "慢性病性贫血",
124
+ "B": "缺铁性贫血",
125
+ "C": "再生障碍性贫血",
126
+ "D": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血",
127
+ "E": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "B",
130
+ "reason": "缺铁性贫血常表现为血清铁64.4μmol/L;转铁蛋白饱和度降低。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "痫病发作期的中医治法是()",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "健脾化痰,补益肝肾",
137
+ "B": "健脾化痰,醒神开窍",
138
+ "C": "益气养血,息风通络",
139
+ "D": "祛风通络,养血和营",
140
+ "E": "豁痰息风,开窍定痫"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "E",
143
+ "reason": ""
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "治疗湿疮湿热蕴肤证,应首选",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤合萆蘚渗湿汤",
150
+ "B": "大分清饮",
151
+ "C": "加味五苓散",
152
+ "D": "当归四逆汤",
153
+ "E": "当归饮子"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "A",
156
+ "reason": "湿疮湿热蕴肤证治法:清热利湿,方药:龙胆泻肝汤合萆渗湿汤加减,"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "产后大出血,继则冷汗淋漓,甚则晕厥,其病机是",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "气滞血瘀",
163
+ "B": "气不摄血",
164
+ "C": "气随血脱",
165
+ "D": "气血两虚",
166
+ "E": "气��失和"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "C",
169
+ "reason": "产后大出血,故患者,为气随血脱。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低为",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "慢性病性贫血",
176
+ "B": "缺铁性贫血",
177
+ "C": "再生障碍性贫血",
178
+ "D": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血",
179
+ "E": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "A",
182
+ "reason": "慢性特发性贫血常表现为血清铁降低,但总铁结合力正常或降低,血清铁蛋白正常或增高。常伴有肿瘤或感染性疾病。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "痫病间歇期的中医治法是()",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "健脾化痰,补益肝肾",
189
+ "B": "健脾化痰,醒神开窍",
190
+ "C": "益气养血,息风通络",
191
+ "D": "祛风通络,养血和营",
192
+ "E": "豁痰息风,开窍定痫"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "A",
195
+ "reason": "痫病发作期以治标为主。着重清泻肝火,豁痰息风,开窍定痫;平时病缓,则补虚以治其本,宜益气养血,健脾化痰,滋补肝肾,宁心安神。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "治疗湿疮血虚风燥证,应首选",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤合萆蘚渗湿汤",
202
+ "B": "大分清饮",
203
+ "C": "加味五苓散",
204
+ "D": "当归四逆汤",
205
+ "E": "当归饮子"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "E",
208
+ "reason": "血虚风燥证治法:养血润肤,祛风止痒。方药:当归饮子或四物消风饮加减。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "患者疼痛沿三焦经放散,其病变部位在",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
215
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
216
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
217
+ "D": "上时外侧中线",
218
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "D",
221
+ "reason": ""
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "蛛网膜下腔出血的体征是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "脑膜刺激征明显",
228
+ "B": "脑脊液大多正常",
229
+ "C": "高热",
230
+ "D": "抽搐",
231
+ "E": "三偏征"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "A",
234
+ "reason": "血液进入蛛网膜下腔后、血染脑脊液可激惹对血管、脑膜和神经根等脑组织,引起无菌性脑膜炎反应,出现剧烈头痛、呕吐、颜面苍白、全身冷汗、烦躁不安、意识不清及至昏迷、脑膜刺激征等。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "患者突然昏倒,不知人事,呼吸气粗,口噤握拳,舌苔薄白,脉浮,其证候是()",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "气厥实证",
241
+ "B": "气厥虚证",
242
+ "C": "血厥实证",
243
+ "D": "血厥虚证",
244
+ "E": "痰厥"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "A",
247
+ "reason": ""
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "生于手指骨节间的疔疮称为",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "螺疔",
254
+ "B": "蛇头疔",
255
+ "C": "蛇眼疔",
256
+ "D": "蛀节疔",
257
+ "E": "鱼肚疔"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": ""
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "患者病发心绞痛,沿手少阴经放射其病变部位在",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "下肢外侧后缘",
267
+ "B": "上肢内侧中线",
268
+ "C": "下肢外侧前缘",
269
+ "D": "上时外侧中线",
270
+ "E": "上肢内侧后缘"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "E",
273
+ "reason": "十二经脉在四肢的分布规律:手足三阳经分布于四肢外侧,阳明在前,少阳在中,太阳在后。手三阴经分布于四肢内侧,上肢内侧,太阴在前厥阴在中,少阴在后;足三阴经,下肢内侧内踝上八寸以下,厥阴在前,太阴在中,少阴在后,内踝上八寸以下,太阴在前,厥阴在中,少阴在后。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "内囊区出血的表现是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "脑膜刺激征明显",
280
+ "B": "脑脊液大多正常",
281
+ "C": "高热",
282
+ "D": "抽搐",
283
+ "E": "三偏征"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "E",
286
+ "reason": "由于内囊前支和膝部有运动神经纤维通过,后支有感觉神经纤维和视、听放射纤维通过,如果一旦这个部位出血,就会出现典型的三偏征,即对侧视野偏盲及上下肢瘫痪、偏身感觉障碍。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "患者突然眩晕昏仆,面色苍白,呼吸微弱,汗出肢冷,舌淡,脉沉细微,其证候是()",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "气厥实证",
293
+ "B": "气厥虚证",
294
+ "C": "血厥实证",
295
+ "D": "血厥虚证",
296
+ "E": "痰厥"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "B",
299
+ "reason": "气厥只有气机逆乱,实证特点是口噤握拳,呼吸气粗;虚证特点是面白肢冷,呼吸微弱。血厥还有血莞于上,实证表现为面赤唇紫,头晕胀痛;虚证表现为口唇不华,四肢震颤。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "生于指腹部的疔疮称为",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "螺疔",
306
+ "B": "蛇头疔",
307
+ "C": "蛇眼疔",
308
+ "D": "蛀节疔",
309
+ "E": "鱼肚疔"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "A",
312
+ "reason": "生于手指骨节间的,叫蛀节疔;生于手指螺纹的,叫螺疔;生于指中节前,肿如鱼肚者,叫鱼肚疔或蛇腹疔;生于指头顶端者,叫蛇头疔。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "久病累及脾肾,以致脾肾阳虚,温煦气化失司,可以形成",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "风气内动",
319
+ "B": "寒从中生",
320
+ "C": "湿浊内生",
321
+ "D": "津伤化燥",
322
+ "E": "火热内生"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "B",
325
+ "reason": "脾肾阳虚,阳虚则阴盛,阴为寒,故寒从中生。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "再生障碍性贫血的是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "血小板计数正常",
332
+ "B": "网织红细胞显著减少",
333
+ "C": "出血时间延长",
334
+ "D": "凝血时间延长",
335
+ "E": "白细胞显著增高"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "B",
338
+ "reason": "再生障碍性贫血表现为全血细胞减少,网织红细胞明显减少,百分数<0.01,淋巴细胞比例增高。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "噎膈的病机是()",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "胃失和降,逆气动膈",
345
+ "B": "胃气壅滞,气逆于中",
346
+ "C": "肝气犯胃,肝胃不和",
347
+ "D": "脾胃虚寒,胃中无火",
348
+ "E": "痰瘀互结,食道狭窄"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "E",
351
+ "reason": ""
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "女子的乳房,属",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "心",
358
+ "B": "肾",
359
+ "C": "脾",
360
+ "D": "肝",
361
+ "E": "胃"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "E",
364
+ "reason": ""
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "邪热炽盛,煎灼津液,伤及营血,燔灼肝经,可以形成",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "风气内动",
371
+ "B": "寒从中生",
372
+ "C": "湿浊内生",
373
+ "D": "津伤化燥",
374
+ "E": "火热内生"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "邪热炽盛,灼肝经,热极生风,可以形成风气内动。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜出现",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "血小板计数正常",
384
+ "B": "网织红细胞显著减少",
385
+ "C": "出血时间延长",
386
+ "D": "凝血时间延长",
387
+ "E": "白细胞显著增高"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "C",
390
+ "reason": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜出血检查:出血时间延长;血小板的功能一般正常;毛细血管脆性试验阳性;凝血时间正常;血小板寿命明显缩短。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "呃逆的病机是()",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "胃失和降,逆气动膈",
397
+ "B": "胃气壅滞,气逆于中",
398
+ "C": "肝气犯胃,肝胃不和",
399
+ "D": "脾胃虚寒,胃中无火",
400
+ "E": "痰瘀互结,食道狭窄"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "A",
403
+ "reason": "呃逆是胃气上逆动膈,气逆上冲,喉间发声的病证,病机为胃失和降,逆气动膈。BC项仅说明了其中一种病因,不够全面。噎膈是食管干涩或狭罕造成食物吞咽困难的病证,病因为内伤饮食、情志、年老肾亏,使气滞、血瘀、痰阻三邪交于食道,故病机为痰瘀互结,食道狭窄。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "男子的乳房,属",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "心",
410
+ "B": "肾",
411
+ "C": "脾",
412
+ "D": "肝",
413
+ "E": "胃"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "B",
416
+ "reason": "男子乳头属肝,乳房属肾;女子乳头属肝,乳房属胃,故乳房疾病与肝、胃二经及肾经、冲任二脉关系最为密切。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "治疗烧烫伤,应选用",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "大黄",
423
+ "B": "芦荟",
424
+ "C": "番泻叶",
425
+ "D": "甘遂",
426
+ "E": "大戟"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "A",
429
+ "reason": ""
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "系统性红斑狼疮特征性的表现是",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "狼疮肾炎",
436
+ "B": "贫血",
437
+ "C": "蝶形红斑",
438
+ "D": "皮肤光敏感",
439
+ "E": "对称性多关节疼痛"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": "系统性红斑狼疮特征性的改变为鼻梁和双颧颊部呈蝶形分布的红斑。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "治疗胁痛肝胆湿热证,应首选()",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
449
+ "B": "柴胡疏肝散",
450
+ "C": "旋覆花汤",
451
+ "D": "一贯煎",
452
+ "E": "茵陈蒿汤"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "A",
455
+ "reason": "胁痛肝胆湿热证用龙胆渔肝汤清热利湿。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "治疗前列腺炎阴虚火旺证,应首选",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "知柏地黄丸",
462
+ "B": "济生肾气丸",
463
+ "C": "真武汤",
464
+ "D": "附桂八味丸",
465
+ "E": "调元肾气丸"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "A",
468
+ "reason": "前列腺炎阴虚火旺证首选知柏地黄丸。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "治疗热淋涩痛,应选用",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "大黄",
475
+ "B": "芦荟",
476
+ "C": "番泻叶",
477
+ "D": "甘遂",
478
+ "E": "大戟"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "A",
481
+ "reason": "除泻下作用外,A项大黄可治疗血热吐衄、目赤咽痛、热毒疮疡、烧烫伤、瘀血诸证、湿热痢疾、黄疸、淋证;B项芦荟可治小儿疳积、癣疮;C项番泻叶可治腹水肿胀;D项甘遂可治水肿、胸胁停饮、风痰疯痫、疮痈肿毒;E项大战可治疗水肿、胸胁饮、疬痰核、疮痈肿毒。"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "系统性红斑狼疮的主要死亡原因是",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "狼疮肾炎",
488
+ "B": "贫血",
489
+ "C": "蝶形红斑",
490
+ "D": "皮肤光敏感",
491
+ "E": "对称性多关节疼痛"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "A",
494
+ "reason": "50%~70%的系统性红斑狼疮患者会出现临床肾脏受累,肾衰竭是SLE的主要死亡原因之一。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "治疗胁痛瘀血停着证,应首选()",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "龙胆泻肝汤",
501
+ "B": "柴胡疏肝散",
502
+ "C": "旋覆花汤",
503
+ "D": "一贯煎",
504
+ "E": "茵陈蒿汤"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "C",
507
+ "reason": "胁痛瘀血停着证用旋覆花汤祛瘀通络。"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "治疗前列腺增生,肾阳不足,气化无权证,应首选",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "知柏地黄丸",
514
+ "B": "济生肾气丸",
515
+ "C": "真武汤",
516
+ "D": "附桂八味丸",
517
+ "E": "调元肾气丸"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "B",
520
+ "reason": "前列腺增生肾阳不足证应首选济生肾气丸。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能温经止痛的药物是",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "独活",
527
+ "B": "秦艽",
528
+ "C": "防己",
529
+ "D": "狗脊",
530
+ "E": "川乌"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "E",
533
+ "reason": ""
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "急性左心功能不全,常伴有",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "咯铁锈色痰",
540
+ "B": "咯粉红色泡沫痰",
541
+ "C": "咯吐大量鲜血",
542
+ "D": "咯大量脓痰",
543
+ "E": "干咳无痰"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "B",
546
+ "reason": ""
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "治疗痉证邪壅经络证,应首选()",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "羌活胜湿汤",
553
+ "B": "葛根汤",
554
+ "C": "瓜蒌桂枝汤",
555
+ "D": "羚角钩藤汤",
556
+ "E": "大定风珠"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "A",
559
+ "reason": ""
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "月经先后无定期,经来量少,色淡暗,质稀,头晕耳鸣,腰骶酸痛。治疗应首选",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "固阴煎",
566
+ "B": "六味地黄丸",
567
+ "C": "大补元煎",
568
+ "D": "左归丸",
569
+ "E": "归肾丸"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "A",
572
+ "reason": "由题干经来量少,色淡暗,质稀,头晕耳鸣,腰骶酸痛辨证为月经先后无定期肾虚证。代表方药是固阴煎。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能退虚热的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "独活",
579
+ "B": "秦艽",
580
+ "C": "防己",
581
+ "D": "狗脊",
582
+ "E": "川乌"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "B",
585
+ "reason": "独活祛风湿,止痛,解表。艽祛风湿,通络止痛,退虚热,湿热。防已祛风湿,止痛,利水消肿。狗脊祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝;此外,狗脊的绒毛有止血作用。川乌祛风湿,温经止痛。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "肺炎球菌肺炎,常伴有",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "咯铁锈色痰",
592
+ "B": "咯粉红色泡沫痰",
593
+ "C": "咯吐大量鲜血",
594
+ "D": "咯大量脓痰",
595
+ "E": "干咳无痰"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "A",
598
+ "reason": "咯铁锈色痰为肺炎球菌肺炎。咯粉红色泡沫痰是急性肺水肿及急性左心功能不全的特征。咯吐大量鲜血多见于肺结核空洞、支气管扩张、慢性肺脓肿。咯大量脓痰多见于支气管扩张、慢性肺脓肿。干咳无痰或咳嗽无痰为干性咳嗽,见于急性咽喉炎、急性支气管炎初期、胸膜炎、肺结核等。"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "治疗痉证肝经热盛证,应首选()",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "羌活胜湿汤",
605
+ "B": "葛根汤",
606
+ "C": "瓜蒌桂枝汤",
607
+ "D": "羚角钩藤汤",
608
+ "E": "大定风珠"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "D",
611
+ "reason": "痉证邪壅经络证证机概要:风寒湿邪侵于肌表,壅滞经络。治法:祛风散寒,燥湿和营。方用羌活胜湿汤加减。痉证肝经热盛证方选羚角钓藤汤。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "经乱无期,出血淋漓不尽,色鲜红,质稍稠,头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软。治疗应首选",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "固阴煎",
618
+ "B": "六味地黄丸",
619
+ "C": "大补元煎",
620
+ "D": "左归丸",
621
+ "E": "归肾丸"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "D",
624
+ "reason": "由题干经乱无期,出血淋漓不尽色鲜红,质稍稠,头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软辨证为崩漏肾阴虚证。代表方药左归丸。"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "外感风热病人,可见的症状是",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "鼻孔咽喉干燥",
631
+ "B": "鼻塞流浊涕",
632
+ "C": "鼻流浊涕腥臭",
633
+ "D": "鼻血鲜红",
634
+ "E": "鼻塞流清涕"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "B",
637
+ "reason": ""
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "属呼吸系统疾病问诊内容的是",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
644
+ "B": "呕吐",
645
+ "C": "腰痛",
646
+ "D": "肌肉震",
647
+ "E": "腹泻"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "A",
650
+ "reason": ""
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "治疗吐血肝火犯胃证,应首选()",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "玉女煎",
657
+ "B": "龙胆泻肝汤",
658
+ "C": "泻白散合黛蛤散",
659
+ "D": "泻心汤合十灰散",
660
+ "E": "加味清胃散合泻心汤"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "B",
663
+ "reason": ""
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "脱疽表现为患肢暗红、紫红或青紫,下垂更甚,肌肉萎缩,趺阳脉搏动消失,患肢持久性疼痛,夜间尤甚,其证候是",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "寒湿阻络",
670
+ "B": "血脉瘀阻",
671
+ "C": "湿热毒盛",
672
+ "D": "热毒伤阴",
673
+ "E": "气阴两虚"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "B",
676
+ "reason": ""
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "鼻渊病人,可见的症状是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "鼻孔咽喉干燥",
683
+ "B": "鼻塞流浊涕",
684
+ "C": "鼻流浊涕腥臭",
685
+ "D": "鼻血鲜红",
686
+ "E": "鼻塞流清涕"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "C",
689
+ "reason": "风热者,涕黄而质稠,伴风热表证;鼻流浊涕,或稠涕若脓血,腥臭难闻,或流黄水,长湿无干,此为“鼻渊”,又曰“脑漏"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "属循环系统疾病问诊内容的是",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
696
+ "B": "呕吐",
697
+ "C": "腰痛",
698
+ "D": "肌肉震",
699
+ "E": "腹泻"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "A",
702
+ "reason": "呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血和胸痛等是呼吸系统疾病最主要症状;循环系统疾病的主要症状:呼吸困难、心悸、咳嗽、咯血、水肿及心前区疼痛等;消化系统疾病的主要症状是呕吐和腹泻;腰痛是泌尿系统疾病的主要症状;肌肉震颤常为神经系统、内分泌系统疾病的表现。"
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "治疗鼻衄胃热炽盛证,应首选()",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "玉女煎",
709
+ "B": "龙胆泻肝汤",
710
+ "C": "泻白散合黛蛤散",
711
+ "D": "泻心汤合十灰散",
712
+ "E": "加味清胃散合泻心汤"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "A",
715
+ "reason": "肝火犯胃应清肝泻火,用龙胆泻肝汤。胃热炽盛应请胃泻火,凉血止血,用玉女煎。C项用于肝火犯肺。DE项用于胃中积火的吐血证。"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "脱疽表现为患肢暗红而肿,患肢如煮熟之红枣,渐变为紫黑色,呈浸淫蔓延,溃破腐烂,疼痛异常,彻夜不得安眠,其证候是",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "寒湿阻络",
722
+ "B": "血脉瘀阻",
723
+ "C": "湿热毒盛",
724
+ "D": "热毒伤阴",
725
+ "E": "气阴两虚"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "C",
728
+ "reason": "寒湿阻络,见患趾(指)喜暖怕冷,肤色苍白冰凉,麻木疼痛,遇冷痛剧。步不利,多走则疼痛加剧,小腿酸胀,稍歇则痛缓(间歇性跛行)。苔白腻,脉沉细,跌阳脉减弱或消失。血脉瘀阻,见患趾(指)酸胀疼痛加重,步履沉重乏力,活动艰难。患趾(指)肤色由苍白转为暗红,下垂时更甚,抬高则见苍白。小腿可有游走性红斑、结节或硬索,疼痛持续加重,彻夜不能入寐。舌暗红或有瘀斑,脉弦或涩。跌阳脉消失。湿热毒盛,见患肢剧痛,日轻夜重,喜凉怕热,局部皮肤紫暗,肿胀,渐变紫黑,浸润蔓延,溃破腐烂气秽,疮面肉色不鲜,甚则五趾相传,波及足背,或伴有发热等症。舌红,苔黄腻,脉弦数。热毒伤阴,见皮肤干燥,毫毛脱落,趾(指)甲增厚变形,肌肉萎缩,趾(指)多星干性坏疽。舌红,苔黄,脉弦细数。气血两虚,见面容憔悴,萎黄消瘦,神情倦怠。坏死组织脱落后疮面久不愈合,肉芽暗红或淡红而不鲜。舌淡胖,脉细无力。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "肺心病患者,悬饮咳唾胸胁引痛,心下痞硬,干呕短气,脉沉弦者,应首选",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "真武汤",
735
+ "B": "五皮饮",
736
+ "C": "实脾散",
737
+ "D": "五苓散",
738
+ "E": "十枣汤"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "E",
741
+ "reason": ""
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "慢性肾衰竭主要表现除肾功能减退、代谢产物潴留夕卜还表现",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "尿白细胞增多或尿菌(+)",
748
+ "B": "腰痛和下腹部疼痛,寒战发热,肾区叩",
749
+ "C": "间歇性无症状性细菌尿和间歇性尿频、尿急",
750
+ "D": "水、电解质紊乱及酸碱平衡失调",
751
+ "E": "有多尿期,达3000~5000ml/d"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "D",
754
+ "reason": ""
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "自汗的特点是()",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "白昼时时汗出,动则益甚",
761
+ "B": "寐中汗出,醒来自止",
762
+ "C": "冷汗如珠,气息微弱",
763
+ "D": "咳而汗出,痰黄质稠",
764
+ "E": "汗出色黄,染衣着色"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": "自汗是由气虚导致的,可见白昼时时汗出,动则益甚。"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "治疗经行头痛血瘀证,应首选",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "丹栀逍遥散",
774
+ "B": "乌药汤",
775
+ "C": "通窍活血汤",
776
+ "D": "天仙藤散",
777
+ "E": "龙胆泻肝汤"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "C",
780
+ "reason": "经行头痛血瘀证,应首选通窍活血汤。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "肾病患者,实水一身悉肿,腹胀喘满二便不利,脉沉实有力者,应首选",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "真武汤",
787
+ "B": "五皮饮",
788
+ "C": "实脾散",
789
+ "D": "五苓散",
790
+ "E": "十枣汤"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "E",
793
+ "reason": "十枣汤为泻下逐水的代表方,主治悬饮和阳水实证。临床辨证以“咳唾胸胁引痛,或水肿腹胀,二便不利,脉沉弦”为要点。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "慢性肾盂肾炎更为常见的临床表现",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "尿白细胞增多或尿菌(+)",
800
+ "B": "腰痛和下腹部疼痛,寒战发热,肾区叩",
801
+ "C": "间歇性无症状性细菌尿和间歇性尿频、尿急",
802
+ "D": "水、电解质紊乱及酸碱平衡失调",
803
+ "E": "有多尿期,达3000~5000ml/d"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "C",
806
+ "reason": "慢性肾衰竭是由于肾单位受到破坏而减少,致使肾脏排泄调节功能和内分泌代谢功能严重受损而造成水与电解质紊乱及酸碱平衡失调出现一系列症状、体征和并发症。慢性肾盂肾炎是细菌感染肾脏引起的慢性炎症,其常见的临床表现是间歇性无症状性细菌尿和间歇性尿频、尿急、尿痛。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "脱汗的特点是()",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "白昼时时汗出,动则益甚",
813
+ "B": "寐中汗出,醒来自止",
814
+ "C": "冷汗如珠,气息微弱",
815
+ "D": "咳而汗出,痰黄质稠",
816
+ "E": "汗出色黄,染衣着色"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "C",
819
+ "reason": "脱汗是气不固摄所致,可见冷汗如珠,气息微弱。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "治疗子肿气滞证,应首选",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "丹栀逍遥散",
826
+ "B": "乌药汤",
827
+ "C": "通窍活血汤",
828
+ "D": "天仙藤散",
829
+ "E": "龙胆泻肝汤"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "D",
832
+ "reason": "子肿气滞证,应首选天仙藤散"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "大柴胡汤中配伍大黄的主要意义是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "内泻热结",
839
+ "B": "活血祛瘀",
840
+ "C": "和解清热",
841
+ "D": "泻火除湿",
842
+ "E": "缓急止痛"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "A",
845
+ "reason": "大柴胡汤中轻用大黄配枳实以内泻阳明热结,行气消痞,亦为臣药。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "代表心室除极和复极总时间的是",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "P波",
852
+ "B": "QRS波群",
853
+ "C": "ST段",
854
+ "D": "T波",
855
+ "E": "Q-T间期"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "E",
858
+ "reason": ""
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "治疗咽喉疼痛应首选()",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "少商",
865
+ "B": "少泽",
866
+ "C": "中冲",
867
+ "D": "隐白",
868
+ "E": "大敦"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "A",
871
+ "reason": "治疗咽喉疼痛,应首先考虑与咽喉部位有关的经络。手太阴肺经循行属于肺脏,从“肺系〈肺与喉咙相联系的部位)横出来(中府)”,……所以治疗时选取肺经少商穴,此穴可清肺利咽,苏厥开窍。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "疑有官颈管病变时,应采取的措施是",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "清官术",
878
+ "B": "取适量内膜活检",
879
+ "C": "测基础体温",
880
+ "D": "经行24~48小时刮宫",
881
+ "E": "分段诊刮"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "E",
884
+ "reason": "凡疑有宫颈管病变者,应行分段诊刮,目的为病理检查,明确诊断。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "大柴胡汤中配伍芍药的主要意义是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "内泻热结",
891
+ "B": "活血祛瘀",
892
+ "C": "和解清热",
893
+ "D": "泻火除湿",
894
+ "E": "缓急止痛"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "E",
897
+ "reason": "芍药柔肝级急止痛,与大黄相配可治腹中实痛,与枳实相伍可以理气和血,以除心下满痛。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "代表心房除极波形的是",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "P波",
904
+ "B": "QRS波群",
905
+ "C": "ST段",
906
+ "D": "T波",
907
+ "E": "Q-T间期"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "A",
910
+ "reason": "P波——左右两心房的去极化。QRS——左右两心室的去极化。T波——两心室复极化。P-R间期——房室传导时间。Q-T间期——从QRS波开始到T波结束,反映心室肌除极和复极的总时间。ST段——从QRS波结束到T波开始,反映心室各部分都处于去极化状态。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "治疗乳汁缺乏应首选()",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "少商",
917
+ "B": "少泽",
918
+ "C": "中冲",
919
+ "D": "隐白",
920
+ "E": "大敦"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "B",
923
+ "reason": "治疗乳汁缺乏应首选少泽穴。少泽穴是通乳效穴,故正确答案是B。少泽穴与膻中、乳根穴合用,则经脉得通,气血得养,乳少自愈,"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "疑有人流术后残留时,应采取的措施是",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "清官术",
930
+ "B": "取适量内膜活检",
931
+ "C": "测基础体温",
932
+ "D": "经行24~48小时刮宫",
933
+ "E": "分段诊刮"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "A",
936
+ "reason": "凡疑有人流术后残留时,应采取清宫术,以防止残留物堵塞官颈口,引起大出血。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "补中益气汤的主治证是",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "表虚自汗证",
943
+ "B": "气阴两虚证",
944
+ "C": "心脾两虚证",
945
+ "D": "脾虚气陷证",
946
+ "E": "脾虚挟湿证"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "D",
949
+ "reason": "补中益气汤主治脾胃气虚、气虚下陷证。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "P波与QRS波无固定关系,可见室性自主心律心电图表现是",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "一度房室传导阻滞",
956
+ "B": "二度II型房室传导阻滞",
957
+ "C": "二度I型房室传导阻滞",
958
+ "D": "三度房室传导阻滞",
959
+ "E": "窦房传导阻滞"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "D",
962
+ "reason": ""
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "治疗疮疡久溃不敛,应首选()",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "灯草灸",
969
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
970
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
971
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
972
+ "E": "隔附子饼灸"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "E",
975
+ "reason": "间接灸是常用灸法的一种.它是用药物将艾柱与施灸腧穴部位的皮肤隔开,进行施灸的方法,既有温灸的作用也有所用药物的作用。治疗疮疡久溃不敛,应用隔附子饼灸,起到补正祛邪,增加抗病能力的作用。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "实性妇人腹痛与痛经的共同病机是",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "冲任虚衰,胞脉失于濡养,不荣则痛",
982
+ "B": "冲任阻滞,胞脉失畅,不通则痛",
983
+ "C": "肝血不足,冲任失荣",
984
+ "D": "肾阳虚衰,胞脉失于温煦",
985
+ "E": "气血亏虚,冲任失养"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "B",
988
+ "reason": ""
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "玉屏风散的主治证是",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "表虚自汗证",
995
+ "B": "气阴两虚证",
996
+ "C": "心脾两虚证",
997
+ "D": "脾虚气陷证",
998
+ "E": "脾虚挟湿证"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "A",
1001
+ "reason": "玉屏风散主治表虚自汗证,"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "P-R间期固定,QRS波有脱漏的心电图表现是",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "一度房室传导阻滞",
1008
+ "B": "二度II型房室传导阻滞",
1009
+ "C": "二度I型房室传导阻滞",
1010
+ "D": "三度房室传导阻滞",
1011
+ "E": "窦房传导阻滞"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "B",
1014
+ "reason": "一度房室传导阻滞每个心房冲动都能传导至心室,但P-R间期超过0.20秒。二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞P-R间期进行性延长,直至一个P波不能下传心室;二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞P-R间期固定;三度房室传导阻滞特征为P波与QRS波各自独立、互不相关。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "治疗风寒痹痛,应首选()",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "灯草灸",
1021
+ "B": "隔姜灸",
1022
+ "C": "隔蒜灸",
1023
+ "D": "隔盐灸",
1024
+ "E": "隔附子饼灸"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "B",
1027
+ "reason": "治疗风寒痹痛,要加强散寒和中的作用,应首选隔姜灸。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "虚性妇人腹痛与痛经的共同病机是",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "冲任虚衰,胞脉失于濡养,不荣则痛",
1034
+ "B": "冲任阻滞,胞脉失畅,不通则痛",
1035
+ "C": "肝血不足,冲任失荣",
1036
+ "D": "肾阳虚衰,胞脉失于温煦",
1037
+ "E": "气血亏虚,冲任失养"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "A",
1040
+ "reason": "妇人腹痛的病机是冲任虚衰,胞脉失养,“不荣则痛”,及冲任阻滞,胞脉失畅,“不通则痛”;痛经的病机是邪气内伏或精血素亏,更值经期前后冲任��脉气血的生理变化急骤,导致胞宫的气血运行不畅,“不通则痛”;或胞宫失于濡养,“不荣则痛”,故实性妇人腹痛与痛经的共同病机是冲任阻滞,胞脉失畅,不通则痛;虚性妇人腹痛与痛经的共同病机是冲任虚衰,胞脉失于濡养,不荣则痛"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "上述佐助药含义的表述,正确的是(",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用",
1047
+ "B": "针对重要的兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用",
1048
+ "C": "针对次要兼证起直接治疗作用",
1049
+ "D": "消减或制约君、臣药的毒性和峻烈之性",
1050
+ "E": "防止病重邪甚时药病格拒"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "C",
1053
+ "reason": ""
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "艾滋病的英文缩写是",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "ARDS",
1060
+ "B": "AIDS",
1061
+ "C": "HIV",
1062
+ "D": "HBV",
1063
+ "E": "HAV"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "B",
1066
+ "reason": ""
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "被称作血海的经脉是()",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "足阳明经",
1073
+ "B": "任脉",
1074
+ "C": "督脉",
1075
+ "D": "冲脉",
1076
+ "E": "足太阴经"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "D",
1079
+ "reason": ""
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽肺脾气虚证,应首选",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "人参五味子汤",
1086
+ "B": "沙参麦冬汤",
1087
+ "C": "参附龙牡救逆汤",
1088
+ "D": "四君子汤",
1089
+ "E": "玉屏风散"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "A",
1092
+ "reason": ""
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "上述反佐药含义的表述,正确的是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用",
1099
+ "B": "针对重要的兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用",
1100
+ "C": "针对次要兼证起直接治疗作用",
1101
+ "D": "消减或制约君、臣药的毒性和峻烈之性",
1102
+ "E": "防止病重邪甚时药病格拒"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "E",
1105
+ "reason": "A项为君药作用,B项为臣药作用,C项为佐药的佐助作用,D项为佐药的佐制作用,E项为佐药的反佐作用。"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "艾滋病病毒的英文缩写是",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "ARDS",
1112
+ "B": "AIDS",
1113
+ "C": "HIV",
1114
+ "D": "HBV",
1115
+ "E": "HAV"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "C",
1118
+ "reason": "艾滋病(AIDS)的病原体是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "被称作五脏六腑之海的经脉是()",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "足阳明经",
1125
+ "B": "任脉",
1126
+ "C": "督脉",
1127
+ "D": "冲脉",
1128
+ "E": "足太阴经"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "D",
1131
+ "reason": "冲脉的特点:①冲脉与督、任脉.足阳明、足少阴等经有联系,可含著调节十二经气血,故有十二经脉之海、血海之称;②《灵枢》:夫冲脉者,五脏六腑之海也,五脏六腑皆禀焉。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "治疗顿咳恢复期脾胃气虚证,应首选",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "人参五味子汤",
1138
+ "B": "沙参麦冬汤",
1139
+ "C": "参附龙牡救逆汤",
1140
+ "D": "四君子汤",
1141
+ "E": "玉屏风散"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "A",
1144
+ "reason": "肺炎喘后期阴虚肺热证用沙参麦门冬汤,肺脾气虚证用人参五味子汤,心阳虚衰证用参附龙牡救逆汤。顿咳恢复期肺阴耗损证用沙参麦门冬汤,恢复期脾胃气虚证用人参五味子汤。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "外感风邪头痛、头风,治宜选用",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "消风散",
1151
+ "B": "二陈汤",
1152
+ "C": "川芎茶调散",
1153
+ "D": "天麻钩藤饮",
1154
+ "E": "半夏白术天麻汤"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "C",
1157
+ "reason": ""
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "属病原携带状态的是",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "病原体侵人机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除",
1164
+ "B": "病原体侵人机体后,仅引起特异性免疫",
1165
+ "C": "病原体侵人机体后,既引起特异性免疫,又引起非特异性免疫",
1166
+ "D": "病原体侵人机体后,寄生于机体某些部位,被机体免疫功能局限化,机体免疫功能下降时,可引起相应的临床表现",
1167
+ "E": "病原体侵人机体后,不引起相应的临床表现,但机体能排出病原体"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "D",
1170
+ "reason": ""
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "治疗绝经前后诸症肾阳不足证()",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加太溪、照海",
1177
+ "B": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加百会、风池、太沖",
1178
+ "C": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加中脘、阴陵泉、丰隆",
1179
+ "D": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加归来、隐白",
1180
+ "E": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加关元、命门"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "E",
1183
+ "reason": ""
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "小儿尿频脾肾气虚证的治法是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "补肺益脾,固涩膀胱",
1190
+ "B": "清心滋肾,安神固涩",
1191
+ "C": "清热利湿,通利膀胱",
1192
+ "D": "温补肾阳,固涩小便",
1193
+ "E": "温补脾肾,升提固摄"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "E",
1196
+ "reason": "小儿尿频脾肾气虚证,治法:温补脾肾,升提固摄。主方:缩泉丸加味。"
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "风痰上扰头痛、眩晕,治宜选用",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "消风散",
1203
+ "B": "二陈汤",
1204
+ "C": "川芎茶调散",
1205
+ "D": "天麻钩藤饮",
1206
+ "E": "半夏白术天麻汤"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "E",
1209
+ "reason": "消风散主治风疹、湿疹。二陈汤主或巅顶作痛。天麻钩藤饮主治肝阳偏亢,肝风上扰证,半夏白术天麻汤主治风痰上扰证眩晕,头痛。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "属潜伏性感染的是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "病原体侵人机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除",
1216
+ "B": "病原体侵人机体后,仅引起特异性免疫",
1217
+ "C": "病原体侵人机体后,既引起特异性免疫,又引起非特异性免疫",
1218
+ "D": "病原体侵人机体后,寄生于机体某些部位,被机体免疫功能局限化,机体免疫功能下降时,可引起相应的临床表现",
1219
+ "E": "病原体侵人机体后,不引起相应的临床表现,但机体能排出病原体"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "E",
1222
+ "reason": "①感染过程的表现有病原体被清除、隐性感染、显性感染、病原携带状态、潜伏性感染,病原体被清除是指病原体侵入机体后,被非特异性免疫所清除,隐性感染是指病原体侵入机体后,仅引起特异性免疫,不引起或只引起轻微的组织损伤,临床上无明显症状、体征,甚至生化改变,只能通过免疫学检查才能发现,显性感染是指病原体侵入机体后,不但引起机体发生免疫应答,而且通过病原体本身的作用或机体的变态反应,导致组织损伤,引起病理改变和临床表现,病原携带状态是指病原体侵入人体后,可以停留在入侵部位或侵入较远的脏器继续生长、繁殖,而人体不出现任何的疾病状态,但能携带并排出病原体,成为传染病流行的传染源,潜伏性感染是指病原体感染人体后,寄生在机体中某些部位,由于机体免疫功能足以将病原体局限化而不引起显性感染,但又不足以将病原体清除时,病原体便可长期潜伏起来,待机体免疫功能下降时,则可引起显性感染,一般来说,隐性感染最常见,病原携带状态次之,显性感染所占比重最低;②病原体侵入人体后能否引起疾病,取决于病原体的致病能力和机体的免疫功能这两个因素。致病能力包括侵袭力、毒力、数量、变异性。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "治疗绝经前后诸症肝阳上亢证()",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加太溪、照海",
1229
+ "B": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加百会、风池、太沖",
1230
+ "C": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加中脘、阴陵泉、丰隆",
1231
+ "D": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加归来、隐白",
1232
+ "E": "在气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞基础上加关元、命门"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "B",
1235
+ "reason": "绝经前后诸症的处方。针灸治疗绝经前后诸症以气海、三阴交、肝俞、脾俞、肾命为主穴。肾阳不足加关元、命门,补益肾阳;肝阳上亢加百会、风池、太冲,平抑肝阳。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "小儿遗尿肺脾气虚证的治法是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "补肺益脾,固涩膀胱",
1242
+ "B": "清心滋肾,安神固涩",
1243
+ "C": "清热利湿,通利膀胱",
1244
+ "D": "温补肾阳,固涩小便",
1245
+ "E": "温补脾肾,升提固摄"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "A",
1248
+ "reason": "小儿遗尿肺脾气虚证,治法:补肺益脾;固涩膀胱。主方:补中益气汤合缩泉丸加减,"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "舌苔由黄燥转为自润,提示",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "病邪入里",
1255
+ "B": "寒邪化热",
1256
+ "C": "邪退正复",
1257
+ "D": "热退津复",
1258
+ "E": "湿热留恋"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "D",
1261
+ "reason": ""
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "甲型肝炎是",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "血液传播",
1268
+ "B": "飞沫传播",
1269
+ "C": "唾液传播",
1270
+ "D": "食物传播",
1271
+ "E": "蚊虫传播"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "D",
1274
+ "reason": ""
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "至目外眦,转入耳中的经脉是()",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
1281
+ "B": "足少阳胆经",
1282
+ "C": "足太阳膀胱经",
1283
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
1284
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "E",
1287
+ "reason": "手太阳小肠经支脉从缺盆上行沿颈旁上向面颊,到外眼角,弯向后,进入耳中。"
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "紫癜风热伤络证的治法是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "滋阴降火,凉血止血",
1294
+ "B": "疏风散邪,清热凉血",
1295
+ "C": "理气化瘀,活血止血",
1296
+ "D": "健脾养心,益气摄血",
1297
+ "E": "清热解毒,凉血止血"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "B",
1300
+ "reason": ""
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "舌苔由薄自转为白厚,提示",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "病邪入里",
1307
+ "B": "寒邪化热",
1308
+ "C": "邪退正复",
1309
+ "D": "热退津复",
1310
+ "E": "湿热留恋"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "A",
1313
+ "reason": "舌苔黄燥主热盛伤津,舌苔白润为各种内伤杂病病情轻浅、体内无明显热象者,舌苔由黄燥转为白润即为病情转好,热退津复之象。舌苔薄白可见于正常人,亦主表证及病情轻浅的里证、体内无明显热证者。舌苔白厚主邪盛人里,或内有痰、饮、水湿、食积等,病情相对较重。舌苔由白转为白厚提示邪气渐盛,或表邪人里,为病进。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "乙型肝炎是",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "血液传播",
1320
+ "B": "飞沫传播",
1321
+ "C": "唾液传播",
1322
+ "D": "食物传播",
1323
+ "E": "蚊虫传播"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "A",
1326
+ "reason": "①甲、戊型肝炎的传染源主要是急性期患者和亚临床感染者,乙、丙、丁型肝炎的传染源是相应的急、慢性患者及病毒携带者;②甲、戊型肝炎主要经过粪-口传播,病毒随粪便排出,通过污染的手、水、食物等经口感染,乙、丙、丁型肝炎可通过传染源的各种体液传播,包括输血及血制品以及使用污染的注射器或针刺、母婴传播、日常生活密切接触传播、性接触传播;③我国属于甲型及乙型肝炎的高发地区。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "“起于目外眦,……下行耳后”的经脉是()",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
1333
+ "B": "足少阳胆经",
1334
+ "C": "足太阳膀胱经",
1335
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
1336
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "B",
1339
+ "reason": "胆经起于目外眦,上行到额角下耳后。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "紫癜阴虚火旺证的治法是",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "滋阴降火,凉血止血",
1346
+ "B": "疏风散邪,清热凉血",
1347
+ "C": "理气化瘀,活血止血",
1348
+ "D": "健脾养心,益气摄血",
1349
+ "E": "清热解毒,凉血止血"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "A",
1352
+ "reason": "紫癜风热伤络证的治法是疏风散邪,清热凉血。紫斑阴虚火旺证的治法是滋阴降火,凉血止血。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "热扰心神可见",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "谵语",
1359
+ "B": "呓语",
1360
+ "C": "独语",
1361
+ "D": "郑声",
1362
+ "E": "口吃"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "A",
1365
+ "reason": "热邪扰乱心神可出现谵语"
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "普通处方、急诊处方、儿科处方的保存期是",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "6个月",
1372
+ "B": "1年",
1373
+ "C": "2年",
1374
+ "D": "3年",
1375
+ "E": "4年"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "B",
1378
+ "reason": ""
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "三焦的募穴是()",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "膈俞",
1385
+ "B": "石门",
1386
+ "C": "章门",
1387
+ "D": "期门",
1388
+ "E": "血海"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "B",
1391
+ "reason": ""
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "怀疑小儿患时行疾病时,特别要注意询问",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "家族史",
1398
+ "B": "生产史",
1399
+ "C": "喂养史",
1400
+ "D": "生长发育史",
1401
+ "E": "预防接种史"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "E",
1404
+ "reason": "小儿时行疾病属流行性疾病,具有传染性。通过预防接种可以控制时行疾病的流行,故预防接种史为最佳选择,"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "心气大伤可见",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "谵语",
1411
+ "B": "呓语",
1412
+ "C": "独语",
1413
+ "D": "郑声",
1414
+ "E": "口吃"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "D",
1417
+ "reason": "心气大伤,神志散乱可出现郑声"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "麻醉药品处方的保存期是",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "6个月",
1424
+ "B": "1年",
1425
+ "C": "2年",
1426
+ "D": "3年",
1427
+ "E": "4年"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "D",
1430
+ "reason": "《处方管理办法》规定,普通处方、急诊处方、儿科处方保存期限为1年,医疗用毒性药品、第二类精神药品处方保存期限为2年,麻醉药品和第一类精神药品处方保存期限为3年。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "八会穴之血会是()",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "膈俞",
1437
+ "B": "石门",
1438
+ "C": "章门",
1439
+ "D": "期门",
1440
+ "E": "血海"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "A",
1443
+ "reason": "石门是手少阳三焦经的募穴;膈俞是八会穴之血会;章门是脾经募穴,八会穴之脏会;期门是肝经募穴;血海是足太阴脾经的一个普通腧穴。"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "怀疑小儿患脾胃疾病时,特别要注意询问",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "家族史",
1450
+ "B": "生产史",
1451
+ "C": "喂养史",
1452
+ "D": "生长发育史",
1453
+ "E": "预防接种史"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "C",
1456
+ "reason": "小儿具有脾常不足的生理特点,而又乳食不知自调。而且,由于生长发育的需要,须添加辅食。小儿对食物有一个适应的过程。一旦调护喂养失宜,则易患肿胃病。因此,怀疑小儿患脾胃疾病时要特别注意询问喂养史。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "久病咳喘,乏力少气,呼多吸少,自汗耳鸣,舌淡脉弱,其证候是",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "肺肾气虚",
1463
+ "B": "肺气虚",
1464
+ "C": "脾肺气虚",
1465
+ "D": "心肺气虚",
1466
+ "E": "肾气不固"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "A",
1469
+ "reason": "久病咳喘,提示病变本在肺,日久及肾,表现为乏力少气,呼多吸少,自汗耳鸣,舌淡脉弱。"
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "必须凭医师处方销售、调剂和使用的药品是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "新药",
1476
+ "B": "处方药",
1477
+ "C": "非处方药",
1478
+ "D": "劣药",
1479
+ "E": "假药"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "B",
1482
+ "reason": "处方药必须凭执业医师或执业助理医师处方才可调配、购买和使用。"
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "治疗头痛肝阳上亢证,应首选()",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "风池、太冲、合谷、内关、后溪",
1489
+ "B": "风池、百会、悬颅、侠溪、行间",
1490
+ "C": "上星、头维、合谷、阿是穴",
1491
+ "D": "百会、通天、行间、阿是穴",
1492
+ "E": "率谷、太阳、侠溪、内庭"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "B",
1495
+ "reason": ""
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "痄腮腮部肿胀,是由于风温邪毒壅结于",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
1502
+ "B": "足厥阴肝经",
1503
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
1504
+ "D": "足太阳膀胱经",
1505
+ "E": "手少阳三焦经"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "C",
1508
+ "reason": "本证为风温邪毒,从口鼻而入,壅少阳经脉,郁而不散,结于腮部而发腮肿,故足少阳胆经为最佳选择。"
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "久病咳喘,胸闷心悸,乏力少气,自汗声低,舌淡脉弱,其证候是",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "肺肾气虚",
1515
+ "B": "肺气虚",
1516
+ "C": "脾肺气虚",
1517
+ "D": "心肺气虚",
1518
+ "E": "肾气不固"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "D",
1521
+ "reason": "久病喘咳,肺气已虚,兼见胸闷心悸,可见此症为心肺气虚,是指心肺两胜气虚所表现的证候,多由久病咳喘,耗伤心肺之气,以心悸咳喘与气虚证共见为辨证要点。"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "由消费者自行判断、购买和使用的药品是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "新药",
1528
+ "B": "处方药",
1529
+ "C": "非处方药",
1530
+ "D": "劣药",
1531
+ "E": "假药"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "C",
1534
+ "reason": "非处方药不需要凭执业医师或执业助理医师处方即可自行判断、购买和使用。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "治疗前头痛风邪袭络证,应首选()",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "风池、太冲、合谷、内关、后溪",
1541
+ "B": "风池、百会、悬颅、侠溪、行间",
1542
+ "C": "上星、头维、合谷、阿是穴",
1543
+ "D": "百会、通天、行间、阿是穴",
1544
+ "E": "率谷、太阳、侠溪、内庭"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "C",
1547
+ "reason": "太冲,主治肝经风热病证:内关,主为调理心气,疏导气血;后溪,清心安神,通经活络;通天,清热除湿;率谷,主治少阳头痛;太阳,痰浊头痛用之:风池,活血通经,清利头目,调和气血;百会,疏通头部经络气血;悬颅,主治偏头痛;侠溪,足少阳胆经荥穴,主治内伤头痛之肝阳上亢头痛:行间,主治肝经风热病证头目疾患;上星,可治疗前额神经痛:头维,疏通头部经络气血;合谷,主治外感头痛之阳明头痛。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "痄腮睾丸肿痛,是由于风温邪毒壅结于",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
1554
+ "B": "足厥阴肝经",
1555
+ "C": "足少阳胆经",
1556
+ "D": "足太阳膀胱经",
1557
+ "E": "手少阳三焦经"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "B",
1560
+ "reason": "少阳厥阴互为表里,病则相互传变。若受邪较重,则由少阳而及厥阴。足厥阴之脉循少腹而络阴器,故痄腮睾丸肿痛,是由于风温邪毒壅结于足少阳经后,又���于足厥阴肝经所致。"
1561
+ }
1562
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_4/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2264 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "属五行相乘传变的是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "肝病及心",
7
+ "B": "肝病及肾",
8
+ "C": "肝病及肺",
9
+ "D": "肝病及脾",
10
+ "E": "脾病及心"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "D",
13
+ "reason": "C项属相侮传变,D项属相乘传变"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "属五行相侮传变的是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "肝病及心",
20
+ "B": "肝病及肾",
21
+ "C": "肝病及肺",
22
+ "D": "肝病及脾",
23
+ "E": "脾病及心"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "C",
26
+ "reason": "C项属相侮传变,D项属相乘传变"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "心肾不交的治法是",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "泻南补北",
33
+ "B": "扶土抑木",
34
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
35
+ "D": "培土生金",
36
+ "E": "佐金平木"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "A",
39
+ "reason": "泻南补北,即泻心火补肾水,适用于肾水不足,心火偏旺的心肾不交证,在五行属火侮水,故用泻南补北法,故93题选A;肝阳上亢为肾阴不足,肝木滋养不足而发生偏亢之象,在五行属水亏影响肝木的正常疏泄。因此,用滋水涵木法,故94题选C"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "肝阳上亢的治法是",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "泻南补北",
46
+ "B": "扶土抑木",
47
+ "C": "滋水涵木",
48
+ "D": "培土生金",
49
+ "E": "佐金平木"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "C",
52
+ "reason": "泻南补北,即泻心火补肾水,适用于肾水不足,心火偏旺的心肾不交证,在五行属火侮水,故用泻南补北法,故93题选A;肝阳上亢为肾阴不足,肝木滋养不足而发生偏亢之象,在五行属水亏影响肝木的正常疏泄。因此,用滋水涵木法,故94题选C"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "“阴阳之根本”是指",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "肾",
59
+ "B": "脾",
60
+ "C": "胃",
61
+ "D": "肝",
62
+ "E": "肺"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "A",
65
+ "reason": "肾中所藏之精,包含肾阴和肾阳,“先天之精”和“后天之精”相互补充,才能使肾阴、肾阳生化无穷。肺主一身之气,通调水道,若肺失宣肃,津液停聚,则为痰浊,所以说肺为贮痰之器。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "“贮痰之器”是指",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "肾",
72
+ "B": "脾",
73
+ "C": "胃",
74
+ "D": "肝",
75
+ "E": "肺"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "E",
78
+ "reason": "肾中所藏之精,包含肾阴和肾阳,“先天之精”和“后天之精”相互补充,才能使肾阴、肾阳生化无穷。肺主一身之气,通调水道,若肺失宣肃,津液停聚,则为痰浊,所以说肺为贮痰之器。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "与气的生成关系最密切的脏是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "心与脾",
85
+ "B": "肺与脾",
86
+ "C": "脾与肾",
87
+ "D": "肺与肝",
88
+ "E": "肺与心"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "B",
91
+ "reason": "气的生成有两个方面,一方面是肺吸人自然界的清气,另一方面是脾胃消化和运化的水谷之精气,故肺、脾与气的生成关系最密切;肝主疏泄,调畅人体气机,肺能调节全身气机,故与气机调节关系最密切的脏是肺和肝,"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "与气机调节关系最密切的脏是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "心与脾",
98
+ "B": "肺与脾",
99
+ "C": "脾与肾",
100
+ "D": "肺与肝",
101
+ "E": "肺与心"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "D",
104
+ "reason": "气的生成有两个方面,一方面是肺吸人自然界的清气,另一方面是脾胃消化和运化的水谷之精气,故肺、脾与气的生成关系最密切;肝主疏泄,调畅人体气机,肺能调节全身气机,故与气机调节关系最密切的脏是肺和肝,"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "适用于热结旁流的治则是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "热因热用",
111
+ "B": "寒因寒用",
112
+ "C": "通因通用",
113
+ "D": "塞因塞用",
114
+ "E": "寒者热之"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "C",
117
+ "reason": "热因热用即以热药治疗真寒假热之法;通因通用是以通治通,即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病证。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "邪入脏腑,病情严重者,指纹的表现是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "显于风关",
124
+ "B": "达于气关",
125
+ "C": "达于命关",
126
+ "D": "透关射甲",
127
+ "E": "未超风关"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "C",
130
+ "reason": "络脉的长短反映病情的轻重,病情越重,络脉越长,络脉达于命关,为病邪深重;若络脉透过三关直达指端者,称为透关射甲,病多凶险,预后不佳。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "适用于真寒假热的治则是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "热因热用",
137
+ "B": "寒因寒用",
138
+ "C": "通因通用",
139
+ "D": "塞因塞用",
140
+ "E": "寒者热之"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "A",
143
+ "reason": "热因热用即以热药治疗真寒假热之法;通因通用是以通治通,即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病证。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "病情凶险者,指纹的表现是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "显于风关",
150
+ "B": "达于气关",
151
+ "C": "达于命关",
152
+ "D": "透关射甲",
153
+ "E": "未超风关"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "D",
156
+ "reason": "络脉的长短反映病情的轻重,病情越重,络脉越长,络脉达于命关,为病邪深重;若络脉透过三关直达指端者,称为透关射甲,病多凶险,预后不佳。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "久病累及脾肾,以致脾肾阳虚,温煦气化失司,可以形成",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "风气内动",
163
+ "B": "寒从中生",
164
+ "C": "湿浊内生",
165
+ "D": "津伤化燥",
166
+ "E": "火热内生"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "B",
169
+ "reason": "脾肾阳虚,阳患则阴盛,阴为寒,故寒从中生;邪热炽盛,燔灼肝经,热急生风,可以形成风气内动,"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "邪入营血证的舌象是",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "舌色淡红",
176
+ "B": "舌质淡白",
177
+ "C": "舌质绛红",
178
+ "D": "舌质紫暗",
179
+ "E": "舌起粗大红刺"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "C",
182
+ "reason": "C项主热人营血阴虚火旺及瘀血。D项多为瘀血内阻或肝失疏泄,或肺失宣肃、气潜而血瘀,或气虚而致血流缓慢,或外伤损伤络脉,血溢致瘀。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "邪热炽盛,煎灼津液,伤及营血,燔灼肝经,可以形成",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "风气内动",
189
+ "B": "寒从中生",
190
+ "C": "湿浊内生",
191
+ "D": "津伤化燥",
192
+ "E": "火热内生"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "A",
195
+ "reason": "脾肾阳虚,阳患则阴盛,阴为寒,故寒从中生;邪热炽盛,燔灼肝经,热急生风,可以形成风气内动,"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "气血瘀滞证的血象是",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "舌色淡红",
202
+ "B": "舌质淡白",
203
+ "C": "舌质绛红",
204
+ "D": "舌质紫暗",
205
+ "E": "舌起粗大红刺"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "D",
208
+ "reason": "C项主热人营血阴虚火旺及瘀血。D项多为瘀血内阻或肝失疏泄,或肺失宣肃、气潜而血瘀,或气虚而致血流缓慢,或外伤损伤络脉,血溢致瘀。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "阴偏衰所形成的病理变化是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "实热",
215
+ "B": "实寒",
216
+ "C": "虚热",
217
+ "D": "虚寒",
218
+ "E": "真寒假热"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": "阴偏衰则阳盛,阳盛则热;实是相对邪气而言,虚相对于脏腑而言,内伤引起的发热为虚热,故阴偏衰引起的病理变化为虚热;阴盛则寒,邪气盛为实寒。"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "郑声的病因多为",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "心气大伤",
228
+ "B": "心气不足",
229
+ "C": "痰火扰心",
230
+ "D": "风痰阻络",
231
+ "E": "热扰心神"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "A",
234
+ "reason": "郑声具指神志不清,语言重复,时断时续,声音低弱者,多属心气大伤,精神散乱之虚证。言语春涩指的是神志清楚,思维正常,但言语不流利,吐词不清晰者,多因风痰阻络所致。"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "阴偏胜所形成的病理变化是",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "实热",
241
+ "B": "实寒",
242
+ "C": "虚热",
243
+ "D": "虚寒",
244
+ "E": "真寒假热"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": "阴偏衰则阳盛,阳盛则热;实是相对邪气而言,虚相对于脏腑而言,内伤引起的发热为虚热,故阴偏衰引起的病理变化为虚热;阴盛则寒,邪气盛为实寒。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "语言謇涩的病因多为",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "心气大伤",
254
+ "B": "心气不足",
255
+ "C": "痰火扰心",
256
+ "D": "风痰阻络",
257
+ "E": "热扰心神"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": "郑声具指神志不清,语言重复,时断时续,声音低弱者,多属心气大伤,精神散乱之虚证。言语春涩指的是神志清楚,思维正常,但言语不流利,吐词不清晰者,多因风痰阻络所致。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "《素问·调经论》说:“血有余”则",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "怒",
267
+ "B": "喜",
268
+ "C": "思",
269
+ "D": "悲",
270
+ "E": "恐"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "A",
273
+ "reason": "《素问·调经论》原文:“血有余则怒,不足则恐。”"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "濡脉与弱脉的主要不同点,在于",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "脉位的浮沉",
280
+ "B": "脉力的大小",
281
+ "C": "脉形的长短",
282
+ "D": "脉率的快慢",
283
+ "E": "脉律的齐否"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "A",
286
+ "reason": "濡脉指浮而细软,如帛在水中,主虚证、湿证。弱脉极软而沉细,主气血阴阳俱虚证。结脉是迟而歇止���促脉是数而歇止。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "《素问·调经论》说:“血不足”,则",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "怒",
293
+ "B": "喜",
294
+ "C": "思",
295
+ "D": "悲",
296
+ "E": "恐"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "E",
299
+ "reason": "《素问·调经论》原文:“血有余则怒,不足则恐。”"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "结脉与促脉的主要不同点,在于",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "脉位的浮沉",
306
+ "B": "脉力的大小",
307
+ "C": "脉形的长短",
308
+ "D": "脉率的快慢",
309
+ "E": "脉律的齐否"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "濡脉指浮而细软,如帛在水中,主虚证、湿证。弱脉极软而沉细,主气血阴阳俱虚证。结脉是迟而歇止,促脉是数而歇止。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "患者因受精神刺激突发二便失禁,遗精,其病机是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "怒则气上",
319
+ "B": "悲则气消",
320
+ "C": "喜则气缓",
321
+ "D": "思则气结",
322
+ "E": "恐则气下"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "E",
325
+ "reason": "怒则气上,指郁怒暴怒可致肝气上逆或肝阳上亢,出现头痛头老笔下目心工月导致气机下陷,出现肾气受伤的一系列病征如二便失禁、遗精滑泄等"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "胸痹心痛患者,脉象多见",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "滑",
332
+ "B": "促",
333
+ "C": "弦",
334
+ "D": "涩",
335
+ "E": "数"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "C",
338
+ "reason": "胸痹心痛属痛证,心烦不寐多属虚热内扰。C项主肝胆病、痰饮:痛证、疟疾。E项主热证,有力为实热,无力为虚热。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "患者因受精神刺激而气逆喘息,面红目赤,呕血,昏厥猝倒,其病机是",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "怒则气上",
345
+ "B": "悲则气消",
346
+ "C": "喜则气缓",
347
+ "D": "思则气结",
348
+ "E": "恐则气下"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "A",
351
+ "reason": "怒则气上,指郁怒暴怒可致肝气上逆或肝阳上亢,出现头痛头老笔下目心工月导致气机下陷,出现肾气受伤的一系列病征如二便失禁、遗精滑泄等"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "心烦不寐患者,脉象多见",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "滑",
358
+ "B": "促",
359
+ "C": "弦",
360
+ "D": "涩",
361
+ "E": "数"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "E",
364
+ "reason": "胸痹心痛属痛证,心烦不寐多属虚热内扰。C项主肝胆病、痰饮:痛证、疟疾。E项主热证,有力为实热,无力为虚热。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "被称为“十二经脉之海”的是",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "督脉",
371
+ "B": "任脉",
372
+ "C": "冲脉",
373
+ "D": "带脉",
374
+ "E": "阴维脉"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "C",
377
+ "reason": "冲脉上至头,下至足,贯穿全身,能调节十二经气血,故有“十二经脉之海”之称。任脉有调节月经,妊养胎儿的作用,故有“任主胞宫”之说。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "肝病日久,两胁胀满疼痛,并见舌质瘀斑、瘀点,其病机是",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "气滞血瘀",
384
+ "B": "气不摄血",
385
+ "C": "气随血脱",
386
+ "D": "气血两虚",
387
+ "E": "气血失和"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "A",
390
+ "reason": "肝病日久,则肝气郁滞,疏泄失职,故见两胁胀满疼痛。气为血帅,气则血凝,故见舌质瘀点、瘀斑。产后大量出血时,血失气脱,正气大伤,随即出现气脱之症,气脱阳亡,不能温煦四肢,则手足厥冷:不能温固肌表,则大汗淋漓;神随气散,神无所主,则为晕厥。"
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "question_num": 31,
394
+ "query": "与女子妊娠密切相关的经脉是",
395
+ "options": {
396
+ "A": "督脉",
397
+ "B": "任脉",
398
+ "C": "冲脉",
399
+ "D": "带脉",
400
+ "E": "阴维脉"
401
+ },
402
+ "answer": "B",
403
+ "reason": "冲脉上至头,下至足,贯穿全身,能调节十二经气血,故有“十二经脉之海”之称。任脉有调节月经,妊养胎儿的作用,故有“任主胞宫”之说。"
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "question_num": 32,
407
+ "query": "产后大出血。继则冷汗淋漓,甚则晕厥,其病机是",
408
+ "options": {
409
+ "A": "气滞血瘀",
410
+ "B": "气不摄血",
411
+ "C": "气随血脱",
412
+ "D": "气血两虚",
413
+ "E": "气血失和"
414
+ },
415
+ "answer": "C",
416
+ "reason": "肝病日久,则肝气郁滞,疏泄失职,故见两胁胀满疼痛。气为血帅,气则血凝,故见舌质瘀点、瘀斑。产后大量出血时,血失气脱,正气大伤,随即出现气脱之症,气脱阳亡,不能温煦四肢,则手足厥冷:不能温固肌表,则大汗淋漓;神随气散,神无所主,则为晕厥。"
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "question_num": 33,
420
+ "query": "清热燥湿药的性味多为",
421
+ "options": {
422
+ "A": "苦、寒",
423
+ "B": "甘、寒",
424
+ "C": "辛、苦、温",
425
+ "D": "甘、苦、温",
426
+ "E": "甘、辛、温"
427
+ },
428
+ "answer": "A",
429
+ "reason": "清热燥湿药物药性苦寒,具有清热燥湿的作用,兼能清热泻火,理气药主要用于治疗“气滞”引起的胸腹疼痛等证候。以疏通气机、消除气滞、平降气逆为主要作用的一类中药。又称行气药。多辛、苦,性温,气味芳香,具有行气消胀,解郁止痛、降逆等功效。"
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "question_num": 34,
433
+ "query": "热邪壅肺证,可见",
434
+ "options": {
435
+ "A": "咳嗽,咳痰稀白",
436
+ "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
437
+ "C": "咳喘,咳痰黄稠",
438
+ "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咳",
439
+ "E": "咳喘,痰多易咳"
440
+ },
441
+ "answer": "C",
442
+ "reason": "热邪壅肺,热伤肺津,炼液成痰,痰热互结为黄稠痰。燥邪犯肺,易伤肺津,痰少而难咯。"
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "question_num": 35,
446
+ "query": "理气药的性味多为",
447
+ "options": {
448
+ "A": "苦、寒",
449
+ "B": "甘、寒",
450
+ "C": "辛、苦、温",
451
+ "D": "甘、苦、温",
452
+ "E": "甘、辛、温"
453
+ },
454
+ "answer": "C",
455
+ "reason": "清热燥湿药物药性苦寒,具有清热燥湿的作用,兼能清热泻火,理气药主要用于治疗“气滞”引起的胸腹疼痛等证候。以疏通气机、消除气滞、平降气逆为主要作用的一类中药。又称行气药。多辛、苦,性温,气味芳香,具有行气消胀,解郁止痛、降逆等功效。"
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "question_num": 36,
459
+ "query": "燥邪犯肺证,可见",
460
+ "options": {
461
+ "A": "咳嗽,咳痰稀白",
462
+ "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
463
+ "C": "咳喘,咳痰黄稠",
464
+ "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咳",
465
+ "E": "咳喘,痰多易咳"
466
+ },
467
+ "answer": "D",
468
+ "reason": "热邪壅肺,热伤肺津,炼液成痰,痰热互结为黄稠痰。燥邪犯肺,易伤肺津,痰少而难咯。"
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "question_num": 37,
472
+ "query": "知母的主要归经是",
473
+ "options": {
474
+ "A": "肺、胃、肾经",
475
+ "B": "肺、脾、肾经",
476
+ "C": "心、脾、肾经",
477
+ "D": "心、肝、肾经",
478
+ "E": "心、肝、脾经"
479
+ },
480
+ "answer": "A",
481
+ "reason": "知母归经人肺、胃、肾经。①《珍珠囊》:“肾经”;②《汤液本草》:“人足阳明经、手太阴经”;③《本草经解》:“人足少阴肾经、手少阴心经”龟甲归经人肝肾经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:“人心、脾、肝三经”;②《本草经疏》:“人足少阴经。”"
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "question_num": 38,
485
+ "query": "肝胆湿热可见",
486
+ "options": {
487
+ "A": "尿频尿急,尿道灼痛,尿黄短少",
488
+ "B": "头痛目赤,急躁易怒,胁痛便秘",
489
+ "C": "腹部痞闷,纳呆便溏,面目发黄",
490
+ "D": "腹痛下痢,赤白黏冻,里急后重",
491
+ "E": "阴囊湿疹,瘙痒难忍,小便短赤"
492
+ },
493
+ "answer": "E",
494
+ "reason": "肝胆湿热证的临床表现为胁肋胀痛,或有痞块,口苦,腹胀,纳少呕恶,大便不调,小便短赤,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦数。或寒热往来,或身目发黄,或阴湿疹,或睾丸肿胀热痛,或带浊阴痒等。湿热蕴脾证的临床表现为脘腹痞闷,纳呆呕恶,便清尿黄,肢体困重,或面目肌肤发黄,色泽鲜明如橘,皮肤发痒,或身热起伏,汗出热不解。舌红苔黄腻脉濡数。"
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "question_num": 39,
498
+ "query": "龟甲的主要归经是",
499
+ "options": {
500
+ "A": "肺、胃、肾经",
501
+ "B": "肺、脾、肾经",
502
+ "C": "心、脾、肾经",
503
+ "D": "心、肝、肾经",
504
+ "E": "心、肝、脾经"
505
+ },
506
+ "answer": "D",
507
+ "reason": "知母归经人肺、胃、肾经。①《珍珠囊》:“肾经”;②《汤液本草》:“人足阳明经、手太阴经”;③《本草经解》:“人足少阴肾经、手少阴心经”龟甲归经人肝肾经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:“人心、脾、肝三经”;②《本草经疏》:“人足少阴经。”"
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "question_num": 40,
511
+ "query": "湿热蕴脾可见",
512
+ "options": {
513
+ "A": "尿频尿急,尿道灼痛,尿黄短少",
514
+ "B": "头痛目赤,急躁易怒,胁痛便秘",
515
+ "C": "腹部痞闷,纳呆便溏,面目发黄",
516
+ "D": "腹痛下痢,赤白黏冻,里急后重",
517
+ "E": "阴囊湿疹,瘙痒难忍,小便短赤"
518
+ },
519
+ "answer": "C",
520
+ "reason": "肝胆湿热证的临床表现为胁肋胀痛,或有痞块,口苦,腹胀,纳少呕恶,大便不调,小便短赤,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦数。或寒热往来,或身目发黄,或阴湿疹,或睾丸肿胀热痛,或带浊阴痒等。湿热蕴脾证的临床表现为脘腹痞闷,纳呆呕恶,便清尿黄,肢体困重,或面目肌肤发黄,色泽鲜明如橘,皮肤发痒,或身热起伏,汗出热不解。舌红苔黄腻脉濡数。"
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "question_num": 41,
524
+ "query": "两药合用,以一种药为主,另一种药为辅,辅药能提高主药疗效的配伍关系,称为",
525
+ "options": {
526
+ "A": "相使",
527
+ "B": "相杀",
528
+ "C": "相畏",
529
+ "D": "相反",
530
+ "E": "相恶"
531
+ },
532
+ "answer": "A",
533
+ "reason": "相畏出自《神农本草经》是指药物之间的互相抑制作用,药物毒性或副作用能被另一种药物消减,如半夏畏生姜。相使,即在性能功效方面有某些共性的药物,以一种药为主,另一种药为辅的形式配伍:能提高主药疗效,如补气利水的黄芪与利水健脾的茯苓配合时,茯苓能提高黄芪补气利水的治疗效果。"
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "question_num": 42,
537
+ "query": "肠梗阻可见腹痛,并伴有",
538
+ "options": {
539
+ "A": "急性发热",
540
+ "B": "黄疸",
541
+ "C": "呕吐",
542
+ "D": "腹泻",
543
+ "E": "血便"
544
+ },
545
+ "answer": "C",
546
+ "reason": "腹痛、呕吐、腹胀便秘和停止排气是肠梗阻的典型症状。腹痛血便、腹部肿块是肠套香的典型症状。"
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "question_num": 43,
550
+ "query": "两药合用,一种药物的毒副作用能被另一种药物所抑制的配伍关系,称为",
551
+ "options": {
552
+ "A": "相使",
553
+ "B": "相杀",
554
+ "C": "相畏",
555
+ "D": "相反",
556
+ "E": "相恶"
557
+ },
558
+ "answer": "C",
559
+ "reason": "相畏出自《神农本草经》是指药物之间的互相抑制作用,药物毒性或副作用能被另一种药物消减,如半夏畏生姜。相使,即在性能功效方面有某些共性的药物,以一种药为主,另一种药为辅的形式配伍:能提高主药疗效,如补气利水的黄芪与利水健脾的茯苓配合时,茯苓能提高黄芪补气利水的治疗效果。"
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "question_num": 44,
563
+ "query": "肠套叠可见腹痛,并伴有",
564
+ "options": {
565
+ "A": "急性发热",
566
+ "B": "黄疸",
567
+ "C": "呕吐",
568
+ "D": "腹泻",
569
+ "E": "血便"
570
+ },
571
+ "answer": "E",
572
+ "reason": "腹痛、呕吐、腹胀便秘和停止排气是肠梗阻的典型症状。腹痛血便、腹部肿块是肠套香的典型症状。"
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "question_num": 45,
576
+ "query": "宜在睡前服的药物是",
577
+ "options": {
578
+ "A": "驱虫药",
579
+ "B": "泻下药",
580
+ "C": "滋补药",
581
+ "D": "安神药",
582
+ "E": "健胃药"
583
+ },
584
+ "answer": "D",
585
+ "reason": "安神药宜在睡前服用,健胃药宜在饭后服用。"
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "question_num": 46,
589
+ "query": "急性左心功能不全,常伴有",
590
+ "options": {
591
+ "A": "咳铁锈色痰",
592
+ "B": "咳粉红色泡沫痰",
593
+ "C": "咳吐大量鲜血",
594
+ "D": "咳大量脓痰",
595
+ "E": "干咳无痰"
596
+ },
597
+ "answer": "B",
598
+ "reason": "咳铁锈色痰为肺炎球菌肺炎,咳粉红色泡沫痰是急性肺水肿及急性左心功能不全的特征,"
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "question_num": 47,
602
+ "query": "宜在饭后服的药物是",
603
+ "options": {
604
+ "A": "驱虫药",
605
+ "B": "泻下药",
606
+ "C": "滋补药",
607
+ "D": "安神药",
608
+ "E": "健胃药"
609
+ },
610
+ "answer": "E",
611
+ "reason": "安神药宜在睡前服用,健胃药宜在饭后服用。"
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "question_num": 48,
615
+ "query": "肺炎球菌肺炎,常伴有",
616
+ "options": {
617
+ "A": "咳铁锈色痰",
618
+ "B": "咳粉红色泡沫痰",
619
+ "C": "咳吐大量鲜血",
620
+ "D": "咳大量脓痰",
621
+ "E": "干咳无痰"
622
+ },
623
+ "answer": "A",
624
+ "reason": "咳铁锈色痰为肺炎球菌肺炎,咳粉红色泡沫痰是急性肺水肿及急性左心功能不全的特征,"
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "question_num": 49,
628
+ "query": "治疗肝火上炎,目珠疼痛,应选用",
629
+ "options": {
630
+ "A": "石膏",
631
+ "B": "知母",
632
+ "C": "栀子",
633
+ "D": "天花粉",
634
+ "E": "夏枯草"
635
+ },
636
+ "answer": "E",
637
+ "reason": "夏枯草清热泻火明目、散结消肿,可治疗头痛眩晕,目珠夜痛,疬瘿瘤,乳痈肿痛。"
638
+ },
639
+ {
640
+ "question_num": 50,
641
+ "query": "急性胃炎的临床表现是",
642
+ "options": {
643
+ "A": "呕吐物为隔餐食物,带腐臭味",
644
+ "B": "呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味",
645
+ "C": "呕吐物为大量黏液及食物",
646
+ "D": "呕吐物为血液",
647
+ "E": "吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止"
648
+ },
649
+ "answer": "C",
650
+ "reason": "呕吐物为大量黏液及食物为胃肠炎的临床表现,呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味为急性胆炎的临床表现。"
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "question_num": 51,
654
+ "query": "咳嗽喉痒,痰中带血,口干鼻燥,或身热,舌红少津苔薄黄,脉数。治疗应首选",
655
+ "options": {
656
+ "A": "桑杏汤",
657
+ "B": "杏苏散",
658
+ "C": "沙参麦冬汤",
659
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
660
+ "E": "百合固金汤"
661
+ },
662
+ "answer": "A",
663
+ "reason": ""
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "question_num": 52,
667
+ "query": "治疗痰火郁结,瘰疬痰核,应选用",
668
+ "options": {
669
+ "A": "石膏",
670
+ "B": "知母",
671
+ "C": "栀子",
672
+ "D": "天花粉",
673
+ "E": "夏枯草"
674
+ },
675
+ "answer": "E",
676
+ "reason": "夏枯草清热泻火明目、散结消肿,可治疗头痛眩晕,目珠夜痛,疬瘿瘤,乳痈肿痛。"
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "question_num": 53,
680
+ "query": "急性胆囊炎的临床表现是",
681
+ "options": {
682
+ "A": "呕吐物为隔餐食物,带腐臭味",
683
+ "B": "呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味",
684
+ "C": "呕吐物为大量黏液及食物",
685
+ "D": "呕吐物为血液",
686
+ "E": "吐出胃内容物后仍干呕不止"
687
+ },
688
+ "answer": "B",
689
+ "reason": "呕吐物为大量黏液及食物为胃肠炎的临床表现,呕吐物为黄绿色,带粪臭味为急性胆炎的临床表现。"
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "question_num": 54,
693
+ "query": "咳嗽痰少,痰中带血或反复咯血,血色鲜红,口干咽燥,颧红,潮热盗汗,舌质红,脉细数。治疗应首选",
694
+ "options": {
695
+ "A": "桑杏汤",
696
+ "B": "杏苏散",
697
+ "C": "沙参麦冬汤",
698
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
699
+ "E": "百合固金汤"
700
+ },
701
+ "answer": "E",
702
+ "reason": ""
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "question_num": 55,
706
+ "query": "被誉为“治痢要药”的药物是",
707
+ "options": {
708
+ "A": "连翘",
709
+ "B": "白头翁",
710
+ "C": "土茯苓",
711
+ "D": "蒲公英",
712
+ "E": "板蓝根"
713
+ },
714
+ "answer": "B",
715
+ "reason": "连翘清热解毒,消肿散结,疏散风热,常用于痈肿疮毒,瘰疬痰核,故有“疮家圣药”之称。白头翁清热解毒,凉血止痢,被替为\"治痢要约"
716
+ },
717
+ {
718
+ "question_num": 56,
719
+ "query": "属呼吸系统疾病问诊内容的是",
720
+ "options": {
721
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
722
+ "B": "呕吐",
723
+ "C": "腰痛",
724
+ "D": "肌肉震额",
725
+ "E": "腹泻"
726
+ },
727
+ "answer": "A",
728
+ "reason": "呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血和胸痛等是呼吸系统疾病最主要症它意味着HBV大部分已被清除或抑制、HBV生成减少,是传染性降低的一种表现。"
729
+ },
730
+ {
731
+ "question_num": 57,
732
+ "query": "治疗热哮发作期,应首选",
733
+ "options": {
734
+ "A": "桑白皮汤",
735
+ "B": "麻杏石甘汤",
736
+ "C": "苏子降气汤",
737
+ "D": "定喘汤",
738
+ "E": "泻白散"
739
+ },
740
+ "answer": "D",
741
+ "reason": "热哮发作期,定喘汤宣肺平喘,清热化痰用于治疗哮喘证。喘证获热郁肺,应用清泄痰热的菜白皮汤。"
742
+ },
743
+ {
744
+ "question_num": 58,
745
+ "query": "两地汤的组成药物有",
746
+ "options": {
747
+ "A": "白芍、生地黄、当归、麦门冬、沙参、枸杞子",
748
+ "B": "白芍、当归、牡丹皮、川芎、牛膝、莪术",
749
+ "C": "白芍、熟地黄、牡丹皮、黄柏、青蒿、茯苓",
750
+ "D": "白芍、生地黄、地骨皮、麦门冬、玄参、阿胶",
751
+ "E": "白芍、生地黄、当归、牡丹皮、沙参、茯苓"
752
+ },
753
+ "answer": "D",
754
+ "reason": "两地汤组成:生地黄、地骨皮、玄参、麦门冬、阿胶、白芍。温经汤(《妇人大全良方》)组成:当归、川芎、白芍、桂心、牡丹皮、莪术、人参、甘草、牛膝。"
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "question_num": 59,
758
+ "query": "被誉为“疮家圣药”的药物是",
759
+ "options": {
760
+ "A": "连翘",
761
+ "B": "白头翁",
762
+ "C": "土茯苓",
763
+ "D": "蒲公英",
764
+ "E": "板蓝根"
765
+ },
766
+ "answer": "A",
767
+ "reason": "连翘清热解毒,消肿散结,疏散风热,常用于痈肿疮毒,瘰疬痰核,故有“疮家圣药”之称。白头翁清热解毒,凉血止痢,被替为\"治痢要约"
768
+ },
769
+ {
770
+ "question_num": 60,
771
+ "query": "属循环系统疾病问诊内容的是",
772
+ "options": {
773
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
774
+ "B": "呕吐",
775
+ "C": "腰痛",
776
+ "D": "肌肉震额",
777
+ "E": "腹泻"
778
+ },
779
+ "answer": "A",
780
+ "reason": "呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血和胸痛等是呼吸系统疾病最主要症它意味着HBV大部分已被清除或抑制、HBV生成减少,是传染性降低的一种表现。"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "question_num": 61,
784
+ "query": "治疗喘证痰热郁肺证,应首选",
785
+ "options": {
786
+ "A": "桑白皮汤",
787
+ "B": "麻杏石甘汤",
788
+ "C": "苏子降气汤",
789
+ "D": "定喘汤",
790
+ "E": "泻白散"
791
+ },
792
+ "answer": "A",
793
+ "reason": "热哮发作期,定喘汤宣肺平喘,清热化痰用于治疗哮喘证。喘证获热郁肺,应用清泄痰热的菜白皮汤。"
794
+ },
795
+ {
796
+ "question_num": 62,
797
+ "query": "温经汤(《妇人大全良方》)的组成药物有",
798
+ "options": {
799
+ "A": "白芍、生地黄、当归、麦门冬、沙参、枸杞子",
800
+ "B": "白芍、当归、牡丹皮、川芎、牛膝、莪术",
801
+ "C": "白芍、熟地黄、牡丹皮、黄柏、青蒿、茯苓",
802
+ "D": "白芍、生地黄、地骨皮、麦门冬、玄参、阿胶",
803
+ "E": "白芍、生地黄、当归、牡丹皮、沙参、茯苓"
804
+ },
805
+ "answer": "B",
806
+ "reason": "两地汤组成:生地黄、地骨皮、玄参、麦门冬、阿胶、白芍。温经汤(《妇人大全良方》)组成:当归、川芎、白芍、桂心、牡丹皮、莪术、人参、甘草、牛膝。"
807
+ },
808
+ {
809
+ "question_num": 63,
810
+ "query": "治疗烧烫伤,应选用",
811
+ "options": {
812
+ "A": "大黄",
813
+ "B": "芦荟",
814
+ "C": "番泻叶",
815
+ "D": "甘遂",
816
+ "E": "大戟"
817
+ },
818
+ "answer": "A",
819
+ "reason": "除泻下作用外,大黄可治疗血热吐衄、目赤咽痛、热毒疮疡、烧烫伤、瘀血诸证、湿热痢疾、黄疸、淋证。"
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "question_num": 64,
823
+ "query": "消瘦,两眼球突出,兴奋不安,呈惊忍貌,多见于",
824
+ "options": {
825
+ "A": "苦笑面容",
826
+ "B": "伤寒面容",
827
+ "C": "甲亢面容",
828
+ "D": "二尖瓣面容",
829
+ "E": "慢性病面容"
830
+ },
831
+ "answer": "C",
832
+ "reason": "苦笑面容发作时牙关紧闭,面肌痉挛,呈苦笑状,见于破伤风。伤寒面容表情淡漠,反应迟钝,呈无欲状态,见于肠伤寒、脑脊髓膜炎、脑炎等高热衰弱患者。甲亢面容表情惊愕,眼裂增大,眼球突出,目光闪烁,烦躁不安,兴奋易怒。二尖瓣面容面色晦暗,双颊紫红,口唇轻度紫绀,见于风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄。慢性病面容神色憔悴,表情忧虑,面色灰暗或苍白,目光暗淡,见于慢性消耗性疾病,如恶性肿瘤、严重结核病等。"
833
+ },
834
+ {
835
+ "question_num": 65,
836
+ "query": "心悸不论虚实均应酌情配伍的治法是",
837
+ "options": {
838
+ "A": "镇心安神",
839
+ "B": "补益心气",
840
+ "C": "养血安神",
841
+ "D": "益气活血",
842
+ "E": "活血化瘀"
843
+ },
844
+ "answer": "A",
845
+ "reason": "心悸以心神不宁为病理特点,不论虚实均应镇惊安神。胸痹标实当活血通脉化瘀。"
846
+ },
847
+ {
848
+ "question_num": 66,
849
+ "query": "月经先后无定期,经来量少,色淡暗,质稀,头晕耳鸣,腰骶酸痛。治疗应首选",
850
+ "options": {
851
+ "A": "固阴煎",
852
+ "B": "六味地黄丸",
853
+ "C": "大补元煎",
854
+ "D": "左归丸",
855
+ "E": "归肾丸"
856
+ },
857
+ "answer": "A",
858
+ "reason": "由题干经来量少色淡暗,质稀,头晕耳鸣,腰骶酸痛,辨证为月经先后无定期肾虚证。代表方药是固阴煎,由题干经乱无期,出血淋漓不尽,色鲜红,质稍稠,头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,辨证为崩漏肾阴证。代表方药左归丸。"
859
+ },
860
+ {
861
+ "question_num": 67,
862
+ "query": "治疗热淋涩痛,应选用",
863
+ "options": {
864
+ "A": "大黄",
865
+ "B": "芦荟",
866
+ "C": "番泻叶",
867
+ "D": "甘遂",
868
+ "E": "大戟"
869
+ },
870
+ "answer": "A",
871
+ "reason": "除泻下作用外,大黄可治疗血热吐衄、目赤咽痛、热毒疮疡、烧烫伤、瘀血诸证、湿热痢疾、黄疸、淋证。"
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "question_num": 68,
875
+ "query": "两颧紫红,口唇紫绀,多见于",
876
+ "options": {
877
+ "A": "苦笑面容",
878
+ "B": "伤寒面容",
879
+ "C": "甲亢面容",
880
+ "D": "二尖瓣面容",
881
+ "E": "慢性病面容"
882
+ },
883
+ "answer": "D",
884
+ "reason": "苦笑面容发作时牙关紧闭,面肌痉挛,呈苦笑状,见于破伤风。伤寒面容表情淡漠,反应迟钝,呈无欲状态,见于肠伤寒、脑脊髓膜炎、脑炎等高热衰弱患者。甲亢面容表情惊愕,眼裂增大,眼球突出,目光闪烁,烦躁不安,兴奋易怒。二尖瓣面容面色晦暗,双颊紫红,口唇轻度紫绀,见于风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄。慢性病面容神色憔悴,表情忧虑,面色灰暗或苍白,目光暗淡,见于慢性消耗性疾病,如恶性肿瘤、严重结核病等。"
885
+ },
886
+ {
887
+ "question_num": 69,
888
+ "query": "针对胸痹标实证的治法是",
889
+ "options": {
890
+ "A": "镇心安神",
891
+ "B": "补益心气",
892
+ "C": "养血安神",
893
+ "D": "益气活血",
894
+ "E": "活血化瘀"
895
+ },
896
+ "answer": "E",
897
+ "reason": "心悸以心神不宁为病理特点,不论虚实均应镇惊安神。胸痹标实当活血通脉化瘀。"
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "question_num": 70,
901
+ "query": "经乱无期,出血淋漓不尽,色鲜红,质稍稠,头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软。治疗应首选",
902
+ "options": {
903
+ "A": "固阴煎",
904
+ "B": "六味地黄丸",
905
+ "C": "大补元煎",
906
+ "D": "左归丸",
907
+ "E": "归肾丸"
908
+ },
909
+ "answer": "D",
910
+ "reason": "由题干经来量少色淡暗,质稀,头晕耳鸣,腰骶酸痛,辨证为月经先后无定期肾虚证。代表方药是固阴煎,由题干经乱无期,出血淋漓不尽,色鲜红,质稍稠,头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,辨证为崩漏肾阴证。代表方药左归丸。"
911
+ },
912
+ {
913
+ "question_num": 71,
914
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能温经止痛的药物是",
915
+ "options": {
916
+ "A": "独活",
917
+ "B": "秦艽",
918
+ "C": "防己",
919
+ "D": "狗脊",
920
+ "E": "川乌"
921
+ },
922
+ "answer": "E",
923
+ "reason": "秦艽祛风湿,通络止痛,退虚热,清湿热。川乌祛风湿,温经止痛。"
924
+ },
925
+ {
926
+ "question_num": 72,
927
+ "query": "胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸,可见",
928
+ "options": {
929
+ "A": "墨菲征(Murphy)阳性",
930
+ "B": "麦氏点压痛",
931
+ "C": "库瓦济埃征(Courvoisier)阳性",
932
+ "D": "库瓦济埃征(Courvoisier)阴性",
933
+ "E": "板状腹"
934
+ },
935
+ "answer": "C",
936
+ "reason": "墨菲征阳性可见于急性胆囊炎。麦氏点压痛多见于急性阑尾炎,库瓦济埃征阳性见于胰腺肿瘤或胰腺囊肿,胆管下端癌时,因胆总管阻塞,使黄疽明显加深肝和胆囊因胆汁淤积而肿大,胆囊常可触及,但无压痛。板状腹见于腹膜炎。"
937
+ },
938
+ {
939
+ "question_num": 73,
940
+ "query": "惊悸,临床上多见于",
941
+ "options": {
942
+ "A": "热证",
943
+ "B": "表证",
944
+ "C": "实证",
945
+ "D": "虚证",
946
+ "E": "寒证"
947
+ },
948
+ "answer": "C",
949
+ "reason": "惊悸多与情绪有关,骤然惊忍,忧思恼怒,悲哀紧张过极引发,阵发性,实证居多。怔忡多由久病体虚、心脏受损所致,无精神因素也发生,常持续心悸,不能控制,较惊悸为重。"
950
+ },
951
+ {
952
+ "question_num": 74,
953
+ "query": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选",
954
+ "options": {
955
+ "A": "滋血汤",
956
+ "B": "归肾丸",
957
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
958
+ "D": "乌药汤",
959
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
960
+ },
961
+ "answer": "C",
962
+ "reason": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选桃红四物汤;治疗月经过少痰湿证,应首选苍附导痰丸。"
963
+ },
964
+ {
965
+ "question_num": 75,
966
+ "query": "既能祛风湿,又能退虚热的药物是",
967
+ "options": {
968
+ "A": "独活",
969
+ "B": "秦艽",
970
+ "C": "防己",
971
+ "D": "狗脊",
972
+ "E": "川乌"
973
+ },
974
+ "answer": "B",
975
+ "reason": "秦艽祛风湿,通络止痛,退虚热,清湿热。川乌祛风湿,温经止痛。"
976
+ },
977
+ {
978
+ "question_num": 76,
979
+ "query": "急性胆囊炎,可见",
980
+ "options": {
981
+ "A": "墨菲征(Murphy)阳性",
982
+ "B": "麦氏点压痛",
983
+ "C": "库瓦济埃征(Courvoisier)阳性",
984
+ "D": "库瓦济埃征(Courvoisier)阴性",
985
+ "E": "板状腹"
986
+ },
987
+ "answer": "A",
988
+ "reason": "墨菲征阳性可见于急性胆囊炎。麦氏点压痛多见于急性阑尾炎,库瓦济埃征阳性见于胰腺肿瘤或胰腺囊肿,胆管下端癌时,因胆总管阻塞,使黄疽明显加深肝和胆囊因胆汁淤积而肿大,胆囊常可触及,但无压痛。板状腹见于腹膜炎。"
989
+ },
990
+ {
991
+ "question_num": 77,
992
+ "query": "怔忡,临床上多见于",
993
+ "options": {
994
+ "A": "热证",
995
+ "B": "表证",
996
+ "C": "实证",
997
+ "D": "虚证",
998
+ "E": "寒证"
999
+ },
1000
+ "answer": "D",
1001
+ "reason": "惊悸多与情绪有关,骤然惊忍,忧思恼怒,悲哀紧张过极引发,阵发性,实证居多。怔忡多由久病体虚、心脏受损所致,无精神因素也发生,常持续心悸,不能控制,较惊悸为重。"
1002
+ },
1003
+ {
1004
+ "question_num": 78,
1005
+ "query": "治疗月经过少痰湿证,应首选",
1006
+ "options": {
1007
+ "A": "滋血汤",
1008
+ "B": "归肾丸",
1009
+ "C": "桃红四物汤",
1010
+ "D": "乌药汤",
1011
+ "E": "苍附导痰丸"
1012
+ },
1013
+ "answer": "E",
1014
+ "reason": "治疗月经过少血瘀证,应首选桃红四物汤;治疗月经过少痰湿证,应首选苍附导痰丸。"
1015
+ },
1016
+ {
1017
+ "question_num": 79,
1018
+ "query": "具有利湿退黄,解毒消肿功效的药物是",
1019
+ "options": {
1020
+ "A": "茵陈",
1021
+ "B": "革游",
1022
+ "C": "虎杖",
1023
+ "D": "地肤子",
1024
+ "E": "金钱草"
1025
+ },
1026
+ "answer": "E",
1027
+ "reason": "虎杖利湿退黄,清热解毒,散瘀止痛,化痰止咳,泻热通便。金钱草利湿退黄,利尿通淋,解毒消肿。"
1028
+ },
1029
+ {
1030
+ "question_num": 80,
1031
+ "query": "支气管扩张,常表现为",
1032
+ "options": {
1033
+ "A": "指关节梭状畸形",
1034
+ "B": "杵状指",
1035
+ "C": "匙状甲",
1036
+ "D": "浮髌现象",
1037
+ "E": "肢端肥大"
1038
+ },
1039
+ "answer": "B",
1040
+ "reason": "指关节梭状畸形多见于类风湿关节炎。杵状指可见于先天性心脏病、细菌性心内膜炎、呼吸系统疾患、内分泌障碍、肝病及缺铁性贫血;而主动脉的动脉瘤侧锁骨下动脉瘤、腋窝动脉闭塞及一侧神经丛麻痹等疾病则常伴有单侧杵状病发生。匙状甲常见于缺铁性贫血,偶见于风湿热、甲癖等浮髌现象见于各种原因引起的膝关节腔大量积液。肢端肥大见于青春期发育成熟后,腺垂体功能亢进,生长激素分泌过多引起的肢端肥大症。"
1041
+ },
1042
+ {
1043
+ "question_num": 81,
1044
+ "query": "胸痹气阴两虚证,其临床特点是",
1045
+ "options": {
1046
+ "A": "胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚",
1047
+ "B": "胸闷隐痛,时作时止",
1048
+ "C": "胸闷如窒,气短喘促",
1049
+ "D": "胸闷气短,畏寒肢冷",
1050
+ "E": "胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚"
1051
+ },
1052
+ "answer": "B",
1053
+ "reason": "胸痹气阴两虚证,可见胸闷隐痛,时作时止;胸痹阴寒凝潜证,可见胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚。先辨实,再辨寒热,"
1054
+ },
1055
+ {
1056
+ "question_num": 82,
1057
+ "query": "治疗经间期出血肾阴虚证,应首选",
1058
+ "options": {
1059
+ "A": "两地汤",
1060
+ "B": "逐瘀止血汤",
1061
+ "C": "清肝止淋汤",
1062
+ "D": "清热固经汤",
1063
+ "E": "燥湿化痰汤"
1064
+ },
1065
+ "answer": "A",
1066
+ "reason": "治疗经期出血肾阴虚证,应首选两地汤;治疗经间期出血湿热证,应首选清肝止淋汤。"
1067
+ },
1068
+ {
1069
+ "question_num": 83,
1070
+ "query": "具有利湿退黄,散瘀止痛功效的药物是",
1071
+ "options": {
1072
+ "A": "茵陈",
1073
+ "B": "革游",
1074
+ "C": "虎杖",
1075
+ "D": "地肤子",
1076
+ "E": "金钱草"
1077
+ },
1078
+ "answer": "C",
1079
+ "reason": "虎杖利湿退黄,清热解毒,散瘀止痛,化痰止咳,泻热通便。金钱草利湿退黄,利尿通淋,解毒消肿。"
1080
+ },
1081
+ {
1082
+ "question_num": 84,
1083
+ "query": "类风湿关节炎,常表现为",
1084
+ "options": {
1085
+ "A": "指关节梭状畸形",
1086
+ "B": "杵状指",
1087
+ "C": "匙状甲",
1088
+ "D": "浮髌现象",
1089
+ "E": "肢端肥大"
1090
+ },
1091
+ "answer": "A",
1092
+ "reason": "指关节梭状畸形多见于类风湿关节炎。杵状指可见于先天性心脏病、细菌性心内膜炎、呼吸系统疾患、内分泌障碍、肝病及缺铁性贫血;而主动脉的动脉瘤侧锁骨下动脉瘤、腋窝动脉闭塞及一侧神经丛麻痹等疾病则常伴有单侧杵状病发生。匙状甲常见于缺铁性贫血,偶见于风湿热、甲癖等浮髌现象见于各种原因引起的膝关节腔大量积液。肢端肥大见于青春期发育成熟后,腺垂体功能亢进,生长激素分泌过多引起的肢端肥大症。"
1093
+ },
1094
+ {
1095
+ "question_num": 85,
1096
+ "query": "胸痹阴寒凝滞证,其临床特点是",
1097
+ "options": {
1098
+ "A": "胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚",
1099
+ "B": "胸闷隐痛,时作时止",
1100
+ "C": "胸闷如窒,气短喘促",
1101
+ "D": "胸闷气短,畏寒肢冷",
1102
+ "E": "胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚"
1103
+ },
1104
+ "answer": "E",
1105
+ "reason": "胸痹气阴两虚证,可见胸闷隐痛,时作时止;胸痹阴寒凝潜证,可见胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚。先辨实,再辨寒热,"
1106
+ },
1107
+ {
1108
+ "question_num": 86,
1109
+ "query": "治疗经间期出血湿热证,应首选",
1110
+ "options": {
1111
+ "A": "两地汤",
1112
+ "B": "逐瘀止血汤",
1113
+ "C": "清肝止淋汤",
1114
+ "D": "清热固经汤",
1115
+ "E": "燥湿化痰汤"
1116
+ },
1117
+ "answer": "C",
1118
+ "reason": "治疗经期出血肾阴虚证,应首选两地汤;治疗经间期出血湿热证,应首选清肝止淋汤。"
1119
+ },
1120
+ {
1121
+ "question_num": 87,
1122
+ "query": "具有止痢功效的药物是",
1123
+ "options": {
1124
+ "A": "白及",
1125
+ "B": "仙鹤草",
1126
+ "C": "棕榈炭",
1127
+ "D": "血余炭",
1128
+ "E": "炮姜"
1129
+ },
1130
+ "answer": "B",
1131
+ "reason": "仙鹤草收敛止血,止痢,截疟,补,解毒杀虫。"
1132
+ },
1133
+ {
1134
+ "question_num": 88,
1135
+ "query": "作为机体获得对HBV免疫力及乙型肝炎患者痊愈的指标是",
1136
+ "options": {
1137
+ "A": "HBsAg(+)",
1138
+ "B": "抗-HBs(+)",
1139
+ "C": "HBeAg(+)",
1140
+ "D": "抗-HBc(+)",
1141
+ "E": "抗-HBe(+)"
1142
+ },
1143
+ "answer": "B",
1144
+ "reason": "HBsAg及抗-HBs测定:HBsAg具有抗原性,不具有传染性。HBsAg是感染HBV的标志,其多少与HBV的生成量相平行。抗-HBs阳性,见于注射过乙型肝炎疫苗或曾感染过HBV,目前HBV已被清除者,对HBV已有了免疫力。HBeAg阳性表示有HBV复制,传染性强。抗-HBe多见于HBeAg转阴的患者,它意味着HBV大部分已被清除或被抑制,HBV生成减少,是传染性降低的一种表现。"
1145
+ },
1146
+ {
1147
+ "question_num": 89,
1148
+ "query": "治疗阴虚火旺之郁证,应首选",
1149
+ "options": {
1150
+ "A": "二阴煎",
1151
+ "B": "滋水清肝饮",
1152
+ "C": "天王补心丹",
1153
+ "D": "左归丸",
1154
+ "E": "黄连阿胶汤"
1155
+ },
1156
+ "answer": "B",
1157
+ "reason": "郁证和不都可由阴虚火旺引起,但根据两者病机特点不同,郁证宜疏肝理气,开郁散结,故用滋水清肝饮,不寐宜养心安神定志,故用天王补心丹,其余选项虽也可滋阴降火,但是没有顾及两病病机的特点。"
1158
+ },
1159
+ {
1160
+ "question_num": 90,
1161
+ "query": "崩漏虚热证的治法是",
1162
+ "options": {
1163
+ "A": "滋阴清热,止血调经",
1164
+ "B": "清热凉血,止血调经",
1165
+ "C": "温肾固冲,止血调经",
1166
+ "D": "滋水益阴,止血调经",
1167
+ "E": "益气摄血,养血调经"
1168
+ },
1169
+ "answer": "A",
1170
+ "reason": "崩漏成热证的治法是滋阴清热,止血调经;崩漏脾虚证的治法是益气摄血,养血调经。"
1171
+ },
1172
+ {
1173
+ "question_num": 91,
1174
+ "query": "具有杀虫功效的药物是",
1175
+ "options": {
1176
+ "A": "白及",
1177
+ "B": "仙鹤草",
1178
+ "C": "棕榈炭",
1179
+ "D": "血余炭",
1180
+ "E": "炮姜"
1181
+ },
1182
+ "answer": "B",
1183
+ "reason": "仙鹤草收敛止血,止痢,截疟,补,解毒杀虫。"
1184
+ },
1185
+ {
1186
+ "question_num": 92,
1187
+ "query": "HBV感染进人后期与传染减低的指标是",
1188
+ "options": {
1189
+ "A": "HBsAg(+)",
1190
+ "B": "抗-HBs(+)",
1191
+ "C": "HBeAg(+)",
1192
+ "D": "抗-HBc(+)",
1193
+ "E": "抗-HBe(+)"
1194
+ },
1195
+ "answer": "E",
1196
+ "reason": "HBsAg及抗-HBs测定:HBsAg具有抗原性,不具有传染性。HBsAg是感染HBV��标志,其多少与HBV的生成量相平行。抗-HBs阳性,见于注射过乙型肝炎疫苗或曾感染过HBV,目前HBV已被清除者,对HBV已有了免疫力。HBeAg阳性表示有HBV复制,传染性强。抗-HBe多见于HBeAg转阴的患者,它意味着HBV大部分已被清除或被抑制,HBV生成减少,是传染性降低的一种表现。"
1197
+ },
1198
+ {
1199
+ "question_num": 93,
1200
+ "query": "治疗阴虚火旺之不寐,应首选",
1201
+ "options": {
1202
+ "A": "二阴煎",
1203
+ "B": "滋水清肝饮",
1204
+ "C": "天王补心丹",
1205
+ "D": "左归丸",
1206
+ "E": "黄连阿胶汤"
1207
+ },
1208
+ "answer": "C",
1209
+ "reason": "郁证和不都可由阴虚火旺引起,但根据两者病机特点不同,郁证宜疏肝理气,开郁散结,故用滋水清肝饮,不寐宜养心安神定志,故用天王补心丹,其余选项虽也可滋阴降火,但是没有顾及两病病机的特点。"
1210
+ },
1211
+ {
1212
+ "question_num": 94,
1213
+ "query": "崩漏脾虚证的治法是",
1214
+ "options": {
1215
+ "A": "滋阴清热,止血调经",
1216
+ "B": "清热凉血,止血调经",
1217
+ "C": "温肾固冲,止血调经",
1218
+ "D": "滋水益阴,止血调经",
1219
+ "E": "益气摄血,养血调经"
1220
+ },
1221
+ "answer": "E",
1222
+ "reason": "崩漏成热证的治法是滋阴清热,止血调经;崩漏脾虚证的治法是益气摄血,养血调经。"
1223
+ },
1224
+ {
1225
+ "question_num": 95,
1226
+ "query": "上述佐助药含义的表述,正确的是",
1227
+ "options": {
1228
+ "A": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用",
1229
+ "B": "针对重要的兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用",
1230
+ "C": "针对次要兼证起直接治疗作用",
1231
+ "D": "消减或制约君、臣药的毒性和峻烈之性",
1232
+ "E": "防止病重邪甚时药病格拒"
1233
+ },
1234
+ "answer": "C",
1235
+ "reason": "A项为君药作用,B项为臣药作用,C项为佐药的佐助作用,D项为佐药的佐制作用,E项为佐药的反佐作用。"
1236
+ },
1237
+ {
1238
+ "question_num": 96,
1239
+ "query": "慢性支气管炎与肺结核的主要鉴别依据是",
1240
+ "options": {
1241
+ "A": "发热",
1242
+ "B": "咳嗽",
1243
+ "C": "咯血",
1244
+ "D": "肺部啰音",
1245
+ "E": "痰液检查"
1246
+ },
1247
+ "answer": "C",
1248
+ "reason": "慢性支气管炎的主要临床表现为咳嗽、咳痰,痰中可有血丝,但很少发生咯血。肺结核当肺部病变发展有组织坏死、空洞形成时,可有血痰、略血,故131顾洗C。肺癌表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸痛等。肺癌的痰液检查可检出癌细胞,而慢性支气管炎癌细胞检查阴性,故132题选E:"
1249
+ },
1250
+ {
1251
+ "question_num": 97,
1252
+ "query": "患者喧扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒,其诊断是",
1253
+ "options": {
1254
+ "A": "癫证",
1255
+ "B": "狂证",
1256
+ "C": "痫证",
1257
+ "D": "痉证",
1258
+ "E": "中风"
1259
+ },
1260
+ "answer": "B",
1261
+ "reason": "癍属阴,狂属阳。疯病多虚,以沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多喜为特征。狂证多实,以喧扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒为特征。"
1262
+ },
1263
+ {
1264
+ "question_num": 98,
1265
+ "query": "痛经气滞血瘀证的治法是",
1266
+ "options": {
1267
+ "A": "理气化瘀止痛",
1268
+ "B": "温经暖宫止痛",
1269
+ "C": "益气养血止痛",
1270
+ "D": "清热除湿,化瘀止痛",
1271
+ "E": "益肾养肝止痛"
1272
+ },
1273
+ "answer": "A",
1274
+ "reason": "痛经气滞血瘀证的治法是理气化瘀止痛;痛经气血虚弱证的治法是益气养血止痛。"
1275
+ },
1276
+ {
1277
+ "question_num": 99,
1278
+ "query": "上述反佐药含义的表述,正确的是",
1279
+ "options": {
1280
+ "A": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用",
1281
+ "B": "针对重要的兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用",
1282
+ "C": "针对次要兼证起直接治疗作用",
1283
+ "D": "消减或制约君、臣药的毒性和峻烈之性",
1284
+ "E": "防止病重邪甚时药病格拒"
1285
+ },
1286
+ "answer": "E",
1287
+ "reason": "A项为君药作用,B项为臣药作用,C项为佐药的佐助作用,D项为佐药的佐制作用,E项为佐药的反佐作用。"
1288
+ },
1289
+ {
1290
+ "question_num": 100,
1291
+ "query": "慢性支气管炎与肺瘤的主要鉴别依据是",
1292
+ "options": {
1293
+ "A": "发热",
1294
+ "B": "咳嗽",
1295
+ "C": "咯血",
1296
+ "D": "肺部啰音",
1297
+ "E": "痰液检查"
1298
+ },
1299
+ "answer": "E",
1300
+ "reason": "慢性支气管炎的主要临床表现为咳嗽、咳痰,痰中可有血丝,但很少发生咯血。肺结核当肺部病变发展有组织坏死、空洞形成时,可有血痰、略血,故131顾洗C。肺癌表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸痛等。肺癌的痰液检查可检出癌细胞,而慢性支气管炎癌细胞检查阴性,故132题选E:"
1301
+ },
1302
+ {
1303
+ "question_num": 101,
1304
+ "query": "患者沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多喜,其诊断是",
1305
+ "options": {
1306
+ "A": "癫证",
1307
+ "B": "狂证",
1308
+ "C": "痫证",
1309
+ "D": "痉证",
1310
+ "E": "中风"
1311
+ },
1312
+ "answer": "A",
1313
+ "reason": "癍属阴,狂属阳。疯病多虚,以沉默痴呆,语无伦次,静而多��为特征。狂证多实,以喧扰不宁,躁妄打骂,动而多怒为特征。"
1314
+ },
1315
+ {
1316
+ "question_num": 102,
1317
+ "query": "痛经气血虚弱证的治法是",
1318
+ "options": {
1319
+ "A": "理气化瘀止痛",
1320
+ "B": "温经暖宫止痛",
1321
+ "C": "益气养血止痛",
1322
+ "D": "清热除湿,化瘀止痛",
1323
+ "E": "益肾养肝止痛"
1324
+ },
1325
+ "answer": "C",
1326
+ "reason": "痛经气滞血瘀证的治法是理气化瘀止痛;痛经气血虚弱证的治法是益气养血止痛。"
1327
+ },
1328
+ {
1329
+ "question_num": 103,
1330
+ "query": "小青龙汤的组成药物中含有",
1331
+ "options": {
1332
+ "A": "黄连",
1333
+ "B": "杏仁",
1334
+ "C": "细辛",
1335
+ "D": "熟地黄",
1336
+ "E": "石膏"
1337
+ },
1338
+ "answer": "C",
1339
+ "reason": "小青龙汤的组成:麻黄、芍药、细辛、干姜、炙甘草,桂枝、五味子半夏。九味羌活汤的组成:羌活、防风、苍术细辛、川川芎、香白芷、生地黄、黄苓、甘草。"
1340
+ },
1341
+ {
1342
+ "question_num": 104,
1343
+ "query": "支气管哮喘的临床表现是",
1344
+ "options": {
1345
+ "A": "长期、反复咳嗽、咳痰",
1346
+ "B": "反复咳嗽、咳痰,喘息,并伴有哮鸣音",
1347
+ "C": "咳嗽、咳痰,伴长期午后低热,消瘦,盗汗",
1348
+ "D": "发作性带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难",
1349
+ "E": "夜间熟睡后突然憋醒,伴咳嗽、咳痰"
1350
+ },
1351
+ "answer": "D",
1352
+ "reason": "支气管哮喘为发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难或发作性胸闷和咳嗽。喘息型慢性支气管炎多见于中老年人,有慢性咳嗽史,喘息常年存在。"
1353
+ },
1354
+ {
1355
+ "question_num": 105,
1356
+ "query": "治疗痴呆髓海不足证,应首选",
1357
+ "options": {
1358
+ "A": "七福饮",
1359
+ "B": "还少丹",
1360
+ "C": "转呆丹",
1361
+ "D": "知柏地黄丸",
1362
+ "E": "河车大造丸"
1363
+ },
1364
+ "answer": "A",
1365
+ "reason": "痴呆髓海不足用七福饮补肾益髓,填精养神。脾肾两虚用还少丹温补脾肾。肾阴虚火旺用知柏地黄丸。肾阴不足用河车大造丸滋阴补肾"
1366
+ },
1367
+ {
1368
+ "question_num": 106,
1369
+ "query": "首先将温病学说引进外科领域的是",
1370
+ "options": {
1371
+ "A": "汪机",
1372
+ "B": "高锦庭",
1373
+ "C": "陈实功",
1374
+ "D": "王洪绪",
1375
+ "E": "吴师机"
1376
+ },
1377
+ "answer": "B",
1378
+ "reason": "高锦庭的《疡科心得集》揭示了外科病因的一般规律,立论以鉴别诊断为主,并将温病三焦辨证学说融合于疡科的辨证施治之中,王洪绪的《外科全生集》创立了以阴阳为主的辨证论治法则。"
1379
+ },
1380
+ {
1381
+ "question_num": 107,
1382
+ "query": "九味羌活汤的组成药物中含有",
1383
+ "options": {
1384
+ "A": "黄连",
1385
+ "B": "杏仁",
1386
+ "C": "细辛",
1387
+ "D": "熟地黄",
1388
+ "E": "石膏"
1389
+ },
1390
+ "answer": "C",
1391
+ "reason": "小青龙汤的组成:麻黄、芍药、细辛、干姜、炙甘草,桂枝、五味子半夏。九味羌活汤的组成:羌活、防风、苍术细辛、川川芎、香白芷、生地黄、黄苓、甘草。"
1392
+ },
1393
+ {
1394
+ "question_num": 108,
1395
+ "query": "慢性支气管炎喘息型的临床表现是",
1396
+ "options": {
1397
+ "A": "长期、反复咳嗽、咳痰",
1398
+ "B": "反复咳嗽、咳痰,喘息,并伴有哮鸣音",
1399
+ "C": "咳嗽、咳痰,伴长期午后低热,消瘦,盗汗",
1400
+ "D": "发作性带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难",
1401
+ "E": "夜间熟睡后突然憋醒,伴咳嗽、咳痰"
1402
+ },
1403
+ "answer": "B",
1404
+ "reason": "支气管哮喘为发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难或发作性胸闷和咳嗽。喘息型慢性支气管炎多见于中老年人,有慢性咳嗽史,喘息常年存在。"
1405
+ },
1406
+ {
1407
+ "question_num": 109,
1408
+ "query": "治疗痴呆脾肾两虚证,应首选",
1409
+ "options": {
1410
+ "A": "七福饮",
1411
+ "B": "还少丹",
1412
+ "C": "转呆丹",
1413
+ "D": "知柏地黄丸",
1414
+ "E": "河车大造丸"
1415
+ },
1416
+ "answer": "B",
1417
+ "reason": "痴呆髓海不足用七福饮补肾益髓,填精养神。脾肾两虚用还少丹温补脾肾。肾阴虚火旺用知柏地黄丸。肾阴不足用河车大造丸滋阴补肾"
1418
+ },
1419
+ {
1420
+ "question_num": 110,
1421
+ "query": "创立了以阴阳为主的辨证论治法则的是",
1422
+ "options": {
1423
+ "A": "汪机",
1424
+ "B": "高锦庭",
1425
+ "C": "陈实功",
1426
+ "D": "王洪绪",
1427
+ "E": "吴师机"
1428
+ },
1429
+ "answer": "D",
1430
+ "reason": "高锦庭的《疡科心得集》揭示了外科病因的一般规律,立论以鉴别诊断为主,并将温病三焦辨证学说融合于疡科的辨证施治之中,王洪绪的《外科全生集》创立了以阴阳为主的辨证论治法则。"
1431
+ },
1432
+ {
1433
+ "question_num": 111,
1434
+ "query": "麻子仁丸主治的是",
1435
+ "options": {
1436
+ "A": "食积便秘",
1437
+ "B": "血虚便秘",
1438
+ "C": "气虚便秘",
1439
+ "D": "脾约便秘",
1440
+ "E": "冷积便秘"
1441
+ },
1442
+ "answer": "D",
1443
+ "reason": "麻子仁丸主治胃肠燥热,脾约便秘证。大黄附子汤的主治证候为阳虚寒结,腹痛便秘。"
1444
+ },
1445
+ {
1446
+ "question_num": 112,
1447
+ "query": "左心衰竭时最早出现和最重要的症状是",
1448
+ "options": {
1449
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
1450
+ "B": "咳嗽",
1451
+ "C": "咯血",
1452
+ "D": "下垂性凹陷性水肿",
1453
+ "E": "紫绀"
1454
+ },
1455
+ "answer": "A",
1456
+ "reason": "左心衰竭指左心室代偿功能不全而发生的心力衰竭,以肺循环淤血及心排血量降低表现为主,呼吸困难是其最早和最重要的症状,故135题选A。右心衰竭主要见于肺源性心脏病及某些先天性心脏病:以体循环淤血为主要表现,身体最低垂部位的对称性可压陷性水肿是其典型体征,故136题选D。"
1457
+ },
1458
+ {
1459
+ "question_num": 113,
1460
+ "query": "患者突然昏倒,不知人事,呼吸气粗,口噤握拳,舌苔薄白,脉伏,其证候是",
1461
+ "options": {
1462
+ "A": "气厥实证",
1463
+ "B": "气厥虚证",
1464
+ "C": "血厥实证",
1465
+ "D": "血厥虚证",
1466
+ "E": "痰厥"
1467
+ },
1468
+ "answer": "A",
1469
+ "reason": "气只有气机逆乱,实证特点是口噤握拳,呼吸气粗,虚证特点是面白肢冷,呼吸微弱。血厥还有血笼于上,实证表现为面赤唇紫,头晕胀痛,患证表现为口唇不华,四肢震额,"
1470
+ },
1471
+ {
1472
+ "question_num": 114,
1473
+ "query": "以部位命名的是",
1474
+ "options": {
1475
+ "A": "发",
1476
+ "B": "背疽",
1477
+ "C": "肠痈",
1478
+ "D": "烂疔",
1479
+ "E": "委中毒"
1480
+ },
1481
+ "answer": "B",
1482
+ "reason": "以部位命名者,如颈痈、脐痈、乳痈、背疽、手发背;以疾病特性命名者,如烂疗、流注、湿疮等。"
1483
+ },
1484
+ {
1485
+ "question_num": 115,
1486
+ "query": "大黄附子汤主治的是",
1487
+ "options": {
1488
+ "A": "食积便秘",
1489
+ "B": "血虚便秘",
1490
+ "C": "气虚便秘",
1491
+ "D": "脾约便秘",
1492
+ "E": "冷积便秘"
1493
+ },
1494
+ "answer": "E",
1495
+ "reason": "麻子仁丸主治胃肠燥热,脾约便秘证。大黄附子汤的主治证候为阳虚寒结,腹痛便秘。"
1496
+ },
1497
+ {
1498
+ "question_num": 116,
1499
+ "query": "右心衰竭时典型的体征是",
1500
+ "options": {
1501
+ "A": "呼吸困难",
1502
+ "B": "咳嗽",
1503
+ "C": "咯血",
1504
+ "D": "下垂性凹陷性水肿",
1505
+ "E": "紫绀"
1506
+ },
1507
+ "answer": "D",
1508
+ "reason": "左心衰竭指左心室代偿功能不全而发生的心力衰竭,以肺循环淤血及心排血量降低表现为主,呼吸困难是其最早和最重要的症状,故135题选A。右心衰竭主要见于肺源性心脏病及某些先天性心脏病:以体循环淤血为主要表现,身体最低垂部位的对称性可压陷性水肿是其典型体征,故136题选D。"
1509
+ },
1510
+ {
1511
+ "question_num": 117,
1512
+ "query": "患者突然眩晕昏仆,面色苍白,呼吸微弱,汗出肢冷,舌淡,脉沉细微,其证候是",
1513
+ "options": {
1514
+ "A": "气厥实证",
1515
+ "B": "气厥虚证",
1516
+ "C": "血厥实证",
1517
+ "D": "血厥虚证",
1518
+ "E": "痰厥"
1519
+ },
1520
+ "answer": "B",
1521
+ "reason": "气只有气机逆乱,实证特点是口噤握拳,呼吸气粗,虚证特点是面白肢冷,呼吸微弱。血厥还有血笼于上,实证表现为面赤唇紫,头晕胀痛,患证表现为口唇不华,四肢震额,"
1522
+ },
1523
+ {
1524
+ "question_num": 118,
1525
+ "query": "以疾病特性命名的是",
1526
+ "options": {
1527
+ "A": "发",
1528
+ "B": "背疽",
1529
+ "C": "肠痈",
1530
+ "D": "烂疔",
1531
+ "E": "委中毒"
1532
+ },
1533
+ "answer": "D",
1534
+ "reason": "以部位命名者,如颈痈、脐痈、乳痈、背疽、手发背;以疾病特性命名者,如烂疗、流注、湿疮等。"
1535
+ },
1536
+ {
1537
+ "question_num": 119,
1538
+ "query": "大柴胡汤中配伍大黄的主要意义是",
1539
+ "options": {
1540
+ "A": "内泻热结",
1541
+ "B": "活血祛瘀",
1542
+ "C": "和解清热",
1543
+ "D": "泻火除湿",
1544
+ "E": "缓急止痛"
1545
+ },
1546
+ "answer": "A",
1547
+ "reason": "大柴胡汤中轻用大黄配枳实以内泻阳明热结,行气消痞,亦为臣药。芍药柔肝缓急止痛,与大黄相配可治腹中实痛。"
1548
+ },
1549
+ {
1550
+ "question_num": 120,
1551
+ "query": "风心病最常见的并发症是",
1552
+ "options": {
1553
+ "A": "呼吸道感染",
1554
+ "B": "心力衰竭",
1555
+ "C": "心律不齐",
1556
+ "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎",
1557
+ "E": "栓塞"
1558
+ },
1559
+ "answer": "B",
1560
+ "reason": "风心病多累及多个瓣膜的病变,病情发展缓慢,且常年受风湿病的困扰,患者逐渐出现抵抗力下降,容易发生感染,感染一旦控制不理想则会出现感染性心内膜炎。当患者瓣膜病变严重时,影响血流动力学和心腔的压力,加重心脏负荷,则会并发心功能不全、心力衰竭、心律不齐、肺水肿、呼吸道感染等,而风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤对左房血流影响甚大,会导致血流缓慢,形成涡流血液瘀滞,血栓形成,脱落后造成栓塞"
1561
+ },
1562
+ {
1563
+ "question_num": 121,
1564
+ "query": "胃痛暴作,畏寒喜暖,脘腹得温则痛减,口不渴,���热饮,舌苔薄白,脉弦紧,其治法是",
1565
+ "options": {
1566
+ "A": "健脾化湿",
1567
+ "B": "温中健脾",
1568
+ "C": "温中补肾",
1569
+ "D": "散寒止痛",
1570
+ "E": "散寒除湿"
1571
+ },
1572
+ "answer": "D",
1573
+ "reason": "胃痛有风寒外袭,胃中气滞的实寒,症见胃痛暴作,畏寒喜暖,脘腹得温则痛减,舌苔薄白,脉弦紧,治宜散寒止痛。有脾胃阳气不足的虚寒,症见胃痛隐隐,喜温喜按,空腹痛甚,得食痛减,泛吐清水,神疲乏力,大便溏薄,舌淡苔白,脉迟缓,治宜温中健脾。"
1574
+ },
1575
+ {
1576
+ "question_num": 122,
1577
+ "query": "疫疔的致病因素,属",
1578
+ "options": {
1579
+ "A": "外感六淫邪毒",
1580
+ "B": "外来伤害",
1581
+ "C": "情志内伤",
1582
+ "D": "饮食不节",
1583
+ "E": "感受特殊之毒"
1584
+ },
1585
+ "answer": "E",
1586
+ "reason": "特殊之毒包括虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、毒、药毒、食物毒和疫毒、无名毒。至于肿瘤的发病,更与情志内伤有关。朱丹溪认为乳岩是由于“忧怒郁闷,朝夕积累,脾气消阻,肝气横逆”所致失荣之病。"
1587
+ },
1588
+ {
1589
+ "question_num": 123,
1590
+ "query": "大柴胡汤中配伍芍药的主要意义是",
1591
+ "options": {
1592
+ "A": "内泻热结",
1593
+ "B": "活血祛瘀",
1594
+ "C": "和解清热",
1595
+ "D": "泻火除湿",
1596
+ "E": "缓急止痛"
1597
+ },
1598
+ "answer": "E",
1599
+ "reason": "大柴胡汤中轻用大黄配枳实以内泻阳明热结,行气消痞,亦为臣药。芍药柔肝缓急止痛,与大黄相配可治腹中实痛。"
1600
+ },
1601
+ {
1602
+ "question_num": 124,
1603
+ "query": "风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤最易出现",
1604
+ "options": {
1605
+ "A": "呼吸道感染",
1606
+ "B": "心力衰竭",
1607
+ "C": "心律不齐",
1608
+ "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎",
1609
+ "E": "栓塞"
1610
+ },
1611
+ "answer": "E",
1612
+ "reason": "风心病多累及多个瓣膜的病变,病情发展缓慢,且常年受风湿病的困扰,患者逐渐出现抵抗力下降,容易发生感染,感染一旦控制不理想则会出现感染性心内膜炎。当患者瓣膜病变严重时,影响血流动力学和心腔的压力,加重心脏负荷,则会并发心功能不全、心力衰竭、心律不齐、肺水肿、呼吸道感染等,而风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤对左房血流影响甚大,会导致血流缓慢,形成涡流血液瘀滞,血栓形成,脱落后造成栓塞"
1613
+ },
1614
+ {
1615
+ "question_num": 125,
1616
+ "query": "胃痛隐隐,喜温喜按,空腹痛甚,得食痛减,泛吐清水,神疲乏力,大便溏薄,舌淡苔白,脉迟缓,其治法是",
1617
+ "options": {
1618
+ "A": "健脾化湿",
1619
+ "B": "温中健脾",
1620
+ "C": "温中补肾",
1621
+ "D": "散寒止痛",
1622
+ "E": "散寒除湿"
1623
+ },
1624
+ "answer": "B",
1625
+ "reason": "胃痛有风寒外袭,胃中气滞的实寒,症见胃痛暴作,畏寒喜暖,脘腹得温则痛减,舌苔薄白,脉弦紧,治宜散寒止痛。有脾胃阳气不足的虚寒,症见胃痛隐隐,喜温喜按,空腹痛甚,得食痛减,泛吐清水,神疲乏力,大便溏薄,舌淡苔白,脉迟缓,治宜温中健脾。"
1626
+ },
1627
+ {
1628
+ "question_num": 126,
1629
+ "query": "乳岩的致病因素,属",
1630
+ "options": {
1631
+ "A": "外感六淫邪毒",
1632
+ "B": "外来伤害",
1633
+ "C": "情志内伤",
1634
+ "D": "饮食不节",
1635
+ "E": "感受特殊之毒"
1636
+ },
1637
+ "answer": "C",
1638
+ "reason": "特殊之毒包括虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、毒、药毒、食物毒和疫毒、无名毒。至于肿瘤的发病,更与情志内伤有关。朱丹溪认为乳岩是由于“忧怒郁闷,朝夕积累,脾气消阻,肝气横逆”所致失荣之病。"
1639
+ },
1640
+ {
1641
+ "question_num": 127,
1642
+ "query": "组成药物中不含黄连的方剂是",
1643
+ "options": {
1644
+ "A": "枳实导滞丸",
1645
+ "B": "普济消毒饮",
1646
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
1647
+ "D": "芍药汤",
1648
+ "E": "清营汤"
1649
+ },
1650
+ "answer": "C",
1651
+ "reason": "龙胆泻肝汤组成:龙胆草、黄苓、栀子、泽泻、木通、当归、生地黄柴胡、生甘草、车前子。清营汤组成:角(水牛角代)、生地黄、玄参、竹叶心、麦门冬、丹参黄连、金银花、连翘。"
1652
+ },
1653
+ {
1654
+ "question_num": 128,
1655
+ "query": "急性心肌梗死心肌损伤的心电图改变是",
1656
+ "options": {
1657
+ "A": "ST段下移",
1658
+ "B": "ST段明显上抬,呈弓背向上的单向曲线",
1659
+ "C": "T波倒置",
1660
+ "D": "T波高耸",
1661
+ "E": "异常深而宽的Q波"
1662
+ },
1663
+ "answer": "B",
1664
+ "reason": ""
1665
+ },
1666
+ {
1667
+ "question_num": 129,
1668
+ "query": "行于下肢外侧前线的经脉是",
1669
+ "options": {
1670
+ "A": "足少阳胆经",
1671
+ "B": "足少阴肾经",
1672
+ "C": "足厥阴肝经",
1673
+ "D": "足阳明胃经",
1674
+ "E": "足太阴脾经"
1675
+ },
1676
+ "answer": "D",
1677
+ "reason": "足三阳经在下肢的分布是足阳明胃经在前线,足少阳胆经在中线,足太阳膀胱经在后线,"
1678
+ },
1679
+ {
1680
+ "question_num": 130,
1681
+ "query": "形成瘤的主要病机是",
1682
+ "options": {
1683
+ "A": "邪气偏盛",
1684
+ "B": "阴阳失调",
1685
+ "C": "阴毒结聚",
1686
+ "D": "正气不足",
1687
+ "E": "经络阻塞"
1688
+ },
1689
+ "answer": "A",
1690
+ "reason": "邪气偏盛是形成瘤的主要病机,正气不足是形成岩的主要病机。而阴阳失调、经络阻塞只是一般病的表浅症状。"
1691
+ },
1692
+ {
1693
+ "question_num": 131,
1694
+ "query": "组成药物中不含黄苓的方剂是",
1695
+ "options": {
1696
+ "A": "枳实导滞丸",
1697
+ "B": "普济消毒饮",
1698
+ "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
1699
+ "D": "芍药汤",
1700
+ "E": "清营汤"
1701
+ },
1702
+ "answer": "E",
1703
+ "reason": "龙胆泻肝汤组成:龙胆草、黄苓、栀子、泽泻、木通、当归、生地黄柴胡、生甘草、车前子。清营汤组成:角(水牛角代)、生地黄、玄参、竹叶心、麦门冬、丹参黄连、金银花、连翘。"
1704
+ },
1705
+ {
1706
+ "question_num": 132,
1707
+ "query": "急性心肌梗死心肌坏死的心电图改变是",
1708
+ "options": {
1709
+ "A": "ST段下移",
1710
+ "B": "ST段明显上抬,呈弓背向上的单向曲线",
1711
+ "C": "T波倒置",
1712
+ "D": "T波高耸",
1713
+ "E": "异常深而宽的Q波"
1714
+ },
1715
+ "answer": "E",
1716
+ "reason": ""
1717
+ },
1718
+ {
1719
+ "question_num": 133,
1720
+ "query": "行于下肢外侧中线的经脉是",
1721
+ "options": {
1722
+ "A": "足少阳胆经",
1723
+ "B": "足少阴肾经",
1724
+ "C": "足厥阴肝经",
1725
+ "D": "足阳明胃经",
1726
+ "E": "足太阴脾经"
1727
+ },
1728
+ "answer": "A",
1729
+ "reason": "足三阳经在下肢的分布是足阳明胃经在前线,足少阳胆经在中线,足太阳膀胱经在后线,"
1730
+ },
1731
+ {
1732
+ "question_num": 134,
1733
+ "query": "形成岩的主要病机是",
1734
+ "options": {
1735
+ "A": "邪气偏盛",
1736
+ "B": "阴阳失调",
1737
+ "C": "阴毒结聚",
1738
+ "D": "正气不足",
1739
+ "E": "经络阻塞"
1740
+ },
1741
+ "answer": "D",
1742
+ "reason": "邪气偏盛是形成瘤的主要病机,正气不足是形成岩的主要病机。而阴阳失调、经络阻塞只是一般病的表浅症状。"
1743
+ },
1744
+ {
1745
+ "question_num": 135,
1746
+ "query": "有清骨蒸潮热作用的方剂是",
1747
+ "options": {
1748
+ "A": "清骨散",
1749
+ "B": "知柏地黄丸",
1750
+ "C": "清营汤",
1751
+ "D": "黄连解毒汤",
1752
+ "E": "五味消毒饮"
1753
+ },
1754
+ "answer": "A",
1755
+ "reason": "清骨散清虚热,退骨热。清营汤清营解毒,透热养阴。"
1756
+ },
1757
+ {
1758
+ "question_num": 136,
1759
+ "query": "慢性肾小球肾炎高血压型的主要特点是",
1760
+ "options": {
1761
+ "A": "轻度水肿",
1762
+ "B": "大量蛋白尿",
1763
+ "C": "中度以上高血压",
1764
+ "D": "肾衰竭",
1765
+ "E": "贫血"
1766
+ },
1767
+ "answer": "C",
1768
+ "reason": "慢性肾小球肾炎系指各种病因引起的不同病理类型的双侧肾小球弥漫性或局灶性炎症改变,临床起病隐匿,病程冗长,病情多发展缓慢的一组原发性肾小球疾病的总称。高血压型:以持续性中等度血压增高为主要表现,特别是舒张压持续增高常伴有眼底视网膜动脉细窄、迂曲和动、静脉交叉压迫现象,少数可有絮状渗出物和(或)出血。病理以局灶节段肾小球硬化和弥漫性增殖为多见,或晚期不能定型或多有肾小球硬化表现。肾病型:部分患者可表现为肾病性大量蛋白尿,病理以微小病变型肾病、膜性肾病、膜增生性肾炎、局灶性肾小球硬化等为多见。"
1769
+ },
1770
+ {
1771
+ "question_num": 137,
1772
+ "query": "至目外眦,转入耳中的经脉是",
1773
+ "options": {
1774
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
1775
+ "B": "足少阳胆经",
1776
+ "C": "足太阳膀胱经",
1777
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
1778
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
1779
+ },
1780
+ "answer": "E",
1781
+ "reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻,上齿,环口挟唇,循喉咙;足少阳胆经起于目外眦,下耳后,人耳中,出耳前;足太阳膀胱经起于目内眦,至耳上角,人络脑;手少阳三焦经系耳后,出耳上角,人耳中,至目外眦;手太阳小肠经循喉,至目外眦,人耳中,抵鼻"
1782
+ },
1783
+ {
1784
+ "question_num": 138,
1785
+ "query": "疼痛而皮色不红、不热,得暖则痛缓,其痛的原因是",
1786
+ "options": {
1787
+ "A": "热",
1788
+ "B": "寒",
1789
+ "C": "风",
1790
+ "D": "气",
1791
+ "E": "虚"
1792
+ },
1793
+ "answer": "B",
1794
+ "reason": "寒痛皮色不红,不热,酸痛,得温则痛缓。气痛疼痛无常,时感抽掣,喜缓怒甚。"
1795
+ },
1796
+ {
1797
+ "question_num": 139,
1798
+ "query": "有清血分之热作用的方剂是",
1799
+ "options": {
1800
+ "A": "清骨散",
1801
+ "B": "知柏地黄丸",
1802
+ "C": "清营汤",
1803
+ "D": "黄连解毒汤",
1804
+ "E": "五味消毒饮"
1805
+ },
1806
+ "answer": "C",
1807
+ "reason": "清骨散清虚热,退骨热。清营汤清营解毒,透热养阴。"
1808
+ },
1809
+ {
1810
+ "question_num": 140,
1811
+ "query": "慢性肾小球肾炎肾病型的主要特点是",
1812
+ "options": {
1813
+ "A": "轻度水肿",
1814
+ "B": "大量蛋白尿",
1815
+ "C": "中度以上高血压",
1816
+ "D": "肾衰竭",
1817
+ "E": "贫血"
1818
+ },
1819
+ "answer": "B",
1820
+ "reason": "慢性肾小球肾炎系指各种病因引起的不同病理类型的双侧肾小球弥漫性或局灶性炎症改变,临床起病隐匿,病程冗长,病情多发展缓慢的一组原发性肾小球疾病的总称。高血压型:以持续性中等度血压增高为主要表现,特别是舒张压持续增高常伴有眼底视网膜动脉细窄、迂曲和动、静脉交叉压迫现象,少数可有絮状渗出物和(或)出血。病理以局灶节段肾小球硬化和弥漫性增殖为多见,或晚期不能定型或多有肾小球硬化表现。肾病型:部分患者可表现为肾病性大量蛋白尿,病理以微小病变型肾病、膜性肾病、膜增生性肾炎、局灶性肾小球硬化等为多见。"
1821
+ },
1822
+ {
1823
+ "question_num": 141,
1824
+ "query": "“起于目外眦……下行耳后”的经脉是",
1825
+ "options": {
1826
+ "A": "足阳明胃经",
1827
+ "B": "足少阳胆经",
1828
+ "C": "足太阳膀胱经",
1829
+ "D": "手少阳三焦经",
1830
+ "E": "手太阳小肠经"
1831
+ },
1832
+ "answer": "B",
1833
+ "reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻,上齿,环口挟唇,循喉咙;足少阳胆经起于目外眦,下耳后,人耳中,出耳前;足太阳膀胱经起于目内眦,至耳上角,人络脑;手少阳三焦经系耳后,出耳上角,人耳中,至目外眦;手太阳小肠经循喉,至目外眦,人耳中,抵鼻"
1834
+ },
1835
+ {
1836
+ "question_num": 142,
1837
+ "query": "疼痛无常,时感抽掣,喜缓怒甚,其痛的原因是",
1838
+ "options": {
1839
+ "A": "热",
1840
+ "B": "寒",
1841
+ "C": "风",
1842
+ "D": "气",
1843
+ "E": "虚"
1844
+ },
1845
+ "answer": "D",
1846
+ "reason": "寒痛皮色不红,不热,酸痛,得温则痛缓。气痛疼痛无常,时感抽掣,喜缓怒甚。"
1847
+ },
1848
+ {
1849
+ "question_num": 143,
1850
+ "query": "香薷散的功用是",
1851
+ "options": {
1852
+ "A": "祛暑解表,化湿和中",
1853
+ "B": "祛暑解表,清热化湿",
1854
+ "C": "清暑解表,化气利湿",
1855
+ "D": "清暑化湿,理气和中",
1856
+ "E": "祛暑化湿,健脾和中"
1857
+ },
1858
+ "answer": "A",
1859
+ "reason": "香薷散祛暑解表:化湿和中,用于阴暑,方剂偏温;新加香饮祛暑解表,清热化湿,用于暑温夹湿,复感于寒方剂偏源。"
1860
+ },
1861
+ {
1862
+ "question_num": 144,
1863
+ "query": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”出自的著作是",
1864
+ "options": {
1865
+ "A": "《省心录·论医》",
1866
+ "B": "《备急千金要方》",
1867
+ "C": "《外科正宗》",
1868
+ "D": "《本草纲目》",
1869
+ "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
1870
+ },
1871
+ "answer": "A",
1872
+ "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”出自的著作是《省心录论医》。“启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为患者,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁”出自的著作是古阿拉伯时期的《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》。"
1873
+ },
1874
+ {
1875
+ "question_num": 145,
1876
+ "query": "曲池在五输穴中,属",
1877
+ "options": {
1878
+ "A": "井穴",
1879
+ "B": "荥穴",
1880
+ "C": "合穴",
1881
+ "D": "经穴",
1882
+ "E": "输穴"
1883
+ },
1884
+ "answer": "C",
1885
+ "reason": "曲池穴是大肠经的合穴,太溪是肾经的输穴,"
1886
+ },
1887
+ {
1888
+ "question_num": 146,
1889
+ "query": "重证见声音响亮,不喘不咳,呼吸均匀,皮肤润泽,其辨证为",
1890
+ "options": {
1891
+ "A": "心善",
1892
+ "B": "肝善",
1893
+ "C": "脾普",
1894
+ "D": "肺善",
1895
+ "E": "肾善"
1896
+ },
1897
+ "answer": "D",
1898
+ "reason": "肺善:声音响亮,不喘不咳,呼吸均匀,皮肤润泽。肾善:并无潮热,口和齿润,小便清长,夜卧安静。"
1899
+ },
1900
+ {
1901
+ "question_num": 147,
1902
+ "query": "新加香薷饮的功用是",
1903
+ "options": {
1904
+ "A": "祛暑解表,化湿和中",
1905
+ "B": "祛暑解表,清热化湿",
1906
+ "C": "清暑解表,化气利湿",
1907
+ "D": "清暑化湿,理气和中",
1908
+ "E": "祛暑化湿,健脾和中"
1909
+ },
1910
+ "answer": "B",
1911
+ "reason": "香薷散祛暑解表:化湿和中,用于阴暑,方剂偏温;新加香饮祛暑解表,清热化湿,用于暑温夹湿,复感于寒方剂偏源。"
1912
+ },
1913
+ {
1914
+ "question_num": 148,
1915
+ "query": "“肩我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为患者,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁”出自的著作是",
1916
+ "options": {
1917
+ "A": "《省心录·论医》",
1918
+ "B": "《备急千金要方》",
1919
+ "C": "《外科正宗》",
1920
+ "D": "《本草纲目》",
1921
+ "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
1922
+ },
1923
+ "answer": "E",
1924
+ "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医,人命死生之系”出自的著作是《省心录论医》。“启我爱医术,复爱世间人,愿绝名利心,尽力为患者,无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁”出自的著作是古阿拉伯时期的《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》。"
1925
+ },
1926
+ {
1927
+ "question_num": 149,
1928
+ "query": "太溪在五输穴中,属",
1929
+ "options": {
1930
+ "A": "井穴",
1931
+ "B": "荥穴",
1932
+ "C": "合穴",
1933
+ "D": "经穴",
1934
+ "E": "输穴"
1935
+ },
1936
+ "answer": "E",
1937
+ "reason": "曲池穴是大肠经的合穴,太溪是肾经的输穴,"
1938
+ },
1939
+ {
1940
+ "question_num": 150,
1941
+ "query": "重证见口和齿润,小便清长,夜卧安静,并无潮热,其辨证为",
1942
+ "options": {
1943
+ "A": "心善",
1944
+ "B": "肝善",
1945
+ "C": "脾普",
1946
+ "D": "肺善",
1947
+ "E": "肾善"
1948
+ },
1949
+ "answer": "E",
1950
+ "reason": "肺善:声音响亮,不喘不咳,呼吸均匀,皮肤润泽。肾善:并无潮热,口和齿润,小便清长,夜卧安静。"
1951
+ },
1952
+ {
1953
+ "question_num": 151,
1954
+ "query": "患者妊娠2个月。食少便软,面色萎白,语声低微,四肢乏力,舌质淡,脉细缓。治疗应首选",
1955
+ "options": {
1956
+ "A": "四物汤",
1957
+ "B": "归脾汤",
1958
+ "C": "当归补血汤",
1959
+ "D": "四君子汤",
1960
+ "E": "八珍汤"
1961
+ },
1962
+ "answer": "D",
1963
+ "reason": "四君子汤最早出现记载于宋朝的“和剂局方”。而四君子汤就是使用人参、白术、茯苓及甘草这四种中药材。一般来说,它具有滋胃健脾、补阳益气的效果常应用于治疗慢性胃炎、胃及十二指肠溃疡、慢性肝炎、慢性肠胃炎、贫血、胃肠虚弱、食欲不振、呕吐、下痢、老人虚弱出血、四肢无力症痔疾、脱肛、半身不遂、遗尿症等证属脾胃气虚者。八珍汤最早出现记载于“正体类要”。八珍汤是由人参、白术、茯苓、甘草、当归、熟地黄、芍药及川芎。八珍汤能补气益血,主治气血两虚,面色苍白或萎黄,头昏眼花,四肢倦怠,气短懒言,食欲减退,疮疡溃后久不收口心悸怔忡,妇女月经不调,崩漏不止等"
1964
+ },
1965
+ {
1966
+ "question_num": 152,
1967
+ "query": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的良心是指",
1968
+ "options": {
1969
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
1970
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命",
1971
+ "C": "医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
1972
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
1973
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自已和他人关系的内心体验和感受"
1974
+ },
1975
+ "answer": "C",
1976
+ "reason": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益属于权利。医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命属于义务。医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力是指良心。医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏是指荣誉。医学关系中的主体在诊疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受是指情感"
1977
+ },
1978
+ {
1979
+ "question_num": 153,
1980
+ "query": "既是络穴,又是八脉交会穴的腧穴是",
1981
+ "options": {
1982
+ "A": "太渊",
1983
+ "B": "合谷",
1984
+ "C": "后溪",
1985
+ "D": "内关",
1986
+ "E": "阳池"
1987
+ },
1988
+ "answer": "D",
1989
+ "reason": "对原、络穴以及八脉交会穴的综合考查:太渊是肺经的原穴,且又是八脉交会穴;合谷是大肠经的原穴;后溪是八脉交会穴;内关是心包经的络穴,且又是八脉交会穴;阳池是三焦经的原穴。"
1990
+ },
1991
+ {
1992
+ "question_num": 154,
1993
+ "query": "当小儿出现脾胃病时,应特别注意询问的是",
1994
+ "options": {
1995
+ "A": "胎产史",
1996
+ "B": "喂养史",
1997
+ "C": "生长发育史",
1998
+ "D": "预防接种史",
1999
+ "E": "家族史"
2000
+ },
2001
+ "answer": "B",
2002
+ "reason": "脾胃病多与饮食有关。传染病多与预防接种史有关。"
2003
+ },
2004
+ {
2005
+ "question_num": 155,
2006
+ "query": "患者面色蒸黄,头晕目眩,四肢倦怠气短少言,心悸不安,食欲减退,舌淡苔白,脉细弱。治疗应首选",
2007
+ "options": {
2008
+ "A": "四物汤",
2009
+ "B": "归脾汤",
2010
+ "C": "当归补血汤",
2011
+ "D": "四君子汤",
2012
+ "E": "八珍汤"
2013
+ },
2014
+ "answer": "E",
2015
+ "reason": "四君子汤最早出现记载于宋朝的“和剂局方”。而四君子汤就是使用人参、白术、茯苓及甘草这四种中药材。一般来说,它具有滋胃健脾、补阳益气的效果常应用于治疗慢性胃炎、胃及十二指肠溃疡、慢性肝炎、慢性肠胃炎、贫血、胃肠虚弱、食欲不振、呕吐、下痢、老人虚弱出血、四肢无力症痔疾、脱肛、半身不遂、遗尿症等证属脾胃气虚者。八珍汤最早出现记载于“正体类要”。八珍汤是由人参、白术、茯苓、甘草、当归、熟地黄、芍药及川芎。八珍汤能补气益血,主治气血两虚,面色苍白或萎黄,头昏眼花,四肢倦怠,气短懒言,食欲减退,疮疡溃后久不收口心悸怔忡,妇女月经不调,崩漏不止等"
2016
+ },
2017
+ {
2018
+ "question_num": 156,
2019
+ "query": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的情感是指",
2020
+ "options": {
2021
+ "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益",
2022
+ "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命",
2023
+ "C": "医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力",
2024
+ "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏",
2025
+ "E": "医学关系中的主体在医疗活动中对自已和他人关系的内心体验和感受"
2026
+ },
2027
+ "answer": "E",
2028
+ "reason": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益属于权利。医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命属于义务。医学关系的主体对应尽义务的自我认识和自我评价的能力是指良心。医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏是指荣誉。医学关系中的主体在诊疗活动中对自己和他人关系的内心体验和感受是指情感"
2029
+ },
2030
+ {
2031
+ "question_num": 157,
2032
+ "query": "既是原穴,又是八会穴的腧穴是",
2033
+ "options": {
2034
+ "A": "太渊",
2035
+ "B": "合谷",
2036
+ "C": "后溪",
2037
+ "D": "内关",
2038
+ "E": "阳池"
2039
+ },
2040
+ "answer": "A",
2041
+ "reason": "对原、络穴以及八脉交会穴的综合考查:太渊是肺经的原穴,且又是八脉交会穴;合谷是大肠经的原穴;后溪是八脉交会穴;内关是心包经的络穴,且又是八脉交会穴;阳池是三焦经的原穴。"
2042
+ },
2043
+ {
2044
+ "question_num": 158,
2045
+ "query": "需要与传染病监别时,应特别注意询问的是",
2046
+ "options": {
2047
+ "A": "胎产史",
2048
+ "B": "喂养史",
2049
+ "C": "生长发育史",
2050
+ "D": "预防接种史",
2051
+ "E": "家族史"
2052
+ },
2053
+ "answer": "D",
2054
+ "reason": "脾胃病多与饮食有关。传染病多与预防接种史有关。"
2055
+ },
2056
+ {
2057
+ "question_num": 159,
2058
+ "query": "薄荷在逍遥散中的作用是",
2059
+ "options": {
2060
+ "A": "疏散肺经风热",
2061
+ "B": "透达肝经郁热",
2062
+ "C": "辛凉散邪利咽",
2063
+ "D": "清利头目利咽",
2064
+ "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
2065
+ },
2066
+ "answer": "B",
2067
+ "reason": "逍遥散中薄荷的作用:疏肝解郁。养阴清肺汤中薄荷的作用辛凉疏解,散邪利咽"
2068
+ },
2069
+ {
2070
+ "question_num": 160,
2071
+ "query": "上述各项,涉及“公正”伦理问题的是",
2072
+ "options": {
2073
+ "A": "有限的移植器官供体如何分配给需要者",
2074
+ "B": "有些器官移植是在亲属间进行的",
2075
+ "C": "用确认脑死亡患者的器官施行器官移植术",
2076
+ "D": "器官移植者的人格完整有待改善",
2077
+ "E": "器官移植的前景未达到全球的合作"
2078
+ },
2079
+ "answer": "A",
2080
+ "reason": ""
2081
+ },
2082
+ {
2083
+ "question_num": 161,
2084
+ "query": "手厥阴心包经的郄穴是",
2085
+ "options": {
2086
+ "A": "地机",
2087
+ "B": "养老",
2088
+ "C": "中都",
2089
+ "D": "郄门",
2090
+ "E": "梁丘"
2091
+ },
2092
+ "answer": "D",
2093
+ "reason": "手厥阴心包经的郄穴是郄门,足厥阴肝经的郄穴是中都"
2094
+ },
2095
+ {
2096
+ "question_num": 162,
2097
+ "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽肺脾气虚证,应首选",
2098
+ "options": {
2099
+ "A": "人参五味子汤",
2100
+ "B": "沙参麦冬汤",
2101
+ "C": "参附龙牡救逆汤",
2102
+ "D": "四君子汤",
2103
+ "E": "玉屏风散"
2104
+ },
2105
+ "answer": "A",
2106
+ "reason": "肺炎喘嗽后期阴虚肺热证用沙参表冬汤,肺脾气虚证用人参五味子汤,心阳虚衰证用参附龙牡救逆汤。顿咳恢复期肺阴耗损证用沙参麦冬汤,恢复期脾胃气虚证用人参五味子汤。"
2107
+ },
2108
+ {
2109
+ "question_num": 163,
2110
+ "query": "薄荷在养阴清肺汤中的作用是",
2111
+ "options": {
2112
+ "A": "疏散肺经风热",
2113
+ "B": "透达肝经郁热",
2114
+ "C": "辛凉散邪利咽",
2115
+ "D": "清利头目利咽",
2116
+ "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
2117
+ },
2118
+ "answer": "C",
2119
+ "reason": "逍遥散中薄荷的作用:疏肝解郁。养阴清肺汤中薄荷的作用辛凉疏解,散邪利咽"
2120
+ },
2121
+ {
2122
+ "question_num": 164,
2123
+ "query": "上述各项,符合“有利而不伤害”伦理原则的是",
2124
+ "options": {
2125
+ "A": "有限的移植器官供体如何分配给需要者",
2126
+ "B": "有些器官移植是在亲属间进行的",
2127
+ "C": "用确认脑死亡患者的器官施行器官移植术",
2128
+ "D": "器官移植者的人格完整有待改善",
2129
+ "E": "器官移植的前景未达到全球的合作"
2130
+ },
2131
+ "answer": "C",
2132
+ "reason": ""
2133
+ },
2134
+ {
2135
+ "question_num": 165,
2136
+ "query": "足厥阴肝经的郄穴是",
2137
+ "options": {
2138
+ "A": "地机",
2139
+ "B": "养老",
2140
+ "C": "中都",
2141
+ "D": "郄门",
2142
+ "E": "梁丘"
2143
+ },
2144
+ "answer": "C",
2145
+ "reason": "手厥阴心包经的郄穴是郄门,足厥阴肝经的郄穴是中都"
2146
+ },
2147
+ {
2148
+ "question_num": 166,
2149
+ "query": "治疗顿咳恢复期脾胃虚证,应首选",
2150
+ "options": {
2151
+ "A": "人参五味子汤",
2152
+ "B": "沙参麦冬汤",
2153
+ "C": "参附龙牡救逆汤",
2154
+ "D": "四君子汤",
2155
+ "E": "玉屏风散"
2156
+ },
2157
+ "answer": "A",
2158
+ "reason": "肺炎喘嗽后期阴虚肺热证用沙参表冬汤,肺脾气虚证用人参五味子汤,心��虚衰证用参附龙牡救逆汤。顿咳恢复期肺阴耗损证用沙参麦冬汤,恢复期脾胃气虚证用人参五味子汤。"
2159
+ },
2160
+ {
2161
+ "question_num": 167,
2162
+ "query": "外感风邪头痛、头风,治宜选用",
2163
+ "options": {
2164
+ "A": "消风散",
2165
+ "B": "二陈汤",
2166
+ "C": "川芎茶调散",
2167
+ "D": "天麻钩藤饮",
2168
+ "E": "半夏白术天麻汤"
2169
+ },
2170
+ "answer": "C",
2171
+ "reason": "风寒头痛用川芎茶调散,痰油头痛用半夏白术天麻汤"
2172
+ },
2173
+ {
2174
+ "question_num": 168,
2175
+ "query": "药品所含成分的名称与国家药品标准或者省、自治区、直辖市药品标准规定不符合的是",
2176
+ "options": {
2177
+ "A": "劣药",
2178
+ "B": "假药",
2179
+ "C": "保健药品",
2180
+ "D": "非处方药",
2181
+ "E": "特殊药品"
2182
+ },
2183
+ "answer": "B",
2184
+ "reason": "假药是指药品所含成分的名称与国家药品标准或者省、自治区、直辖市药品标准规定不符合。劣药是指药品成分的含量与国家药品标准或者省、自治区直辖市药品标准规定不符合。"
2185
+ },
2186
+ {
2187
+ "question_num": 169,
2188
+ "query": "安眠穴位于",
2189
+ "options": {
2190
+ "A": "当翳风与风池穴连线的中点",
2191
+ "B": "乳突前下方与下颌角之间的凹陷中",
2192
+ "C": "胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌上端之间的凹陷中",
2193
+ "D": "后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中",
2194
+ "E": "耳后,乳突后下凹陷处"
2195
+ },
2196
+ "answer": "A",
2197
+ "reason": "安眠穴在项部,当翳风与风池穴连线的中点。天柱穴在后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中。"
2198
+ },
2199
+ {
2200
+ "question_num": 170,
2201
+ "query": "哮病肺气虚弱证的治法是",
2202
+ "options": {
2203
+ "A": "温肺化痰",
2204
+ "B": "清肺化痰",
2205
+ "C": "补肺固卫",
2206
+ "D": "健胆化痰",
2207
+ "E": "补肾固本"
2208
+ },
2209
+ "answer": "C",
2210
+ "reason": "哮喘肺气虚弱证的表现主要是肺卫不固,没有痰的症状故不用化痰;肾虚不纳自然要补肾固本。"
2211
+ },
2212
+ {
2213
+ "question_num": 171,
2214
+ "query": "风痰上扰头痛、眩晕,治宜选用",
2215
+ "options": {
2216
+ "A": "消风散",
2217
+ "B": "二陈汤",
2218
+ "C": "川芎茶调散",
2219
+ "D": "天麻钩藤饮",
2220
+ "E": "半夏白术天麻汤"
2221
+ },
2222
+ "answer": "E",
2223
+ "reason": "风寒头痛用川芎茶调散,痰油头痛用半夏白术天麻汤"
2224
+ },
2225
+ {
2226
+ "question_num": 172,
2227
+ "query": "药品成分的含量与国家药品标准或者省、自治区、直辖市药品标准规定不符合的是",
2228
+ "options": {
2229
+ "A": "劣药",
2230
+ "B": "假药",
2231
+ "C": "保健药品",
2232
+ "D": "非处方药",
2233
+ "E": "特殊药品"
2234
+ },
2235
+ "answer": "A",
2236
+ "reason": "假药是指药品所含成分的名称与国家药品标准或者省、自治区、直辖市药品标准规定不符合。劣药是指药品成分的含量与国家药品标准或者省、自治区直辖市药品标准规定不符合。"
2237
+ },
2238
+ {
2239
+ "question_num": 173,
2240
+ "query": "天柱穴位于",
2241
+ "options": {
2242
+ "A": "当翳风与风池穴连线的中点",
2243
+ "B": "乳突前下方与下颌角之间的凹陷中",
2244
+ "C": "胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌上端之间的凹陷中",
2245
+ "D": "后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中",
2246
+ "E": "耳后,乳突后下凹陷处"
2247
+ },
2248
+ "answer": "D",
2249
+ "reason": "安眠穴在项部,当翳风与风池穴连线的中点。天柱穴在后发际正中直上0.5寸,旁开1.3寸,当斜方肌外缘凹陷中。"
2250
+ },
2251
+ {
2252
+ "question_num": 174,
2253
+ "query": "哮病肾虚不纳证的治法是",
2254
+ "options": {
2255
+ "A": "温肺化痰",
2256
+ "B": "清肺化痰",
2257
+ "C": "补肺固卫",
2258
+ "D": "健胆化痰",
2259
+ "E": "补肾固本"
2260
+ },
2261
+ "answer": "E",
2262
+ "reason": "哮喘肺气虚弱证的表现主要是肺卫不固,没有痰的症状故不用化痰;肾虚不纳自然要补肾固本。"
2263
+ }
2264
+ ]
Licensed/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ [
2
+ {
3
+ "question_num": 1,
4
+ "query": "治疗血虚,常配伍补气药,其根据是",
5
+ "options": {
6
+ "A": "气能生血",
7
+ "B": "气能摄血",
8
+ "C": "气能行血",
9
+ "D": "血能载气",
10
+ "E": "血能生气"
11
+ },
12
+ "answer": "A",
13
+ "reason": "《飞灵枢·邪客篇》:“营气者,泌其津液、注之于脉、化以为血。”气盛则化生血的功能自强,气虚则化生血的功能自弱,从而导致血虚,临床出现气短、乏力、面色不华等气血两虚的病症。治疗上采取益气补血之品。血能载气,“守气者即是血”“载气者,血也”《血证论·阴阳水火气血论》。气存于血中,赖血之运载而达全身。血为气之守,气必依附于血而静谧"
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "question_num": 2,
17
+ "query": "气随血脱的生理基础是",
18
+ "options": {
19
+ "A": "气能生血",
20
+ "B": "气能摄血",
21
+ "C": "气能行血",
22
+ "D": "血能载气",
23
+ "E": "血能生气"
24
+ },
25
+ "answer": "D",
26
+ "reason": "《飞灵枢·邪客篇》:“营气者,泌其津液、注之于脉、化以为血。”气盛则化生血的功能自强,气虚则化生血的功能自弱,从而导致血虚,临床出现气短、乏力、面色不华等气血两虚的病症。治疗上采取益气补血之品。血能载气,“守气者即是血”“载气者,血也”《血证论·阴阳水火气血论》。气存于血中,赖血之运载而达全身。血为气之守,气必依附于血而静谧"
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "question_num": 3,
30
+ "query": "患者心胸中大寒痛,呕不能食,腹中寒,上冲皮起,见有头足,上下痛而不可触及:舌苔白滑,脉细紧。治疗应首选",
31
+ "options": {
32
+ "A": "四逆汤",
33
+ "B": "当归四逆汤",
34
+ "C": "四逆散",
35
+ "D": "右归丸",
36
+ "E": "大建中汤"
37
+ },
38
+ "answer": "E",
39
+ "reason": "大建中汤主治的腹痛特点:腹痛连及胸脘,痛势剧烈,其痛上下走窜无定处,或腹部时见块状物上下攻撑作痛。四逆汤主治寒厥,症见四肢厥逆,恶寒蜷卧,腹痛下利,神衰欲寐等。"
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "question_num": 4,
43
+ "query": "患者四肢厥逆,恶寒蜷卧,呕吐不渴,腹痛下痢,神衰欲寐,舌苔白滑,脉微细。治疗应首选",
44
+ "options": {
45
+ "A": "四逆汤",
46
+ "B": "当归四逆汤",
47
+ "C": "四逆散",
48
+ "D": "右归丸",
49
+ "E": "大建中汤"
50
+ },
51
+ "answer": "A",
52
+ "reason": "大建中汤主治的腹痛特点:腹痛连及胸脘,痛势剧烈,其痛上下走窜无定处,或腹部时见块状物上下攻撑作痛。四逆汤主治寒厥,症见四肢厥逆,恶寒蜷卧,腹痛下利,神衰欲寐等。"
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "question_num": 5,
56
+ "query": "参苓白术散的功用是",
57
+ "options": {
58
+ "A": "渗湿",
59
+ "B": "通便",
60
+ "C": "升阳",
61
+ "D": "补血",
62
+ "E": "疏肝"
63
+ },
64
+ "answer": "A",
65
+ "reason": "参苓白术散的功用为益气健脾,渗湿止泻;炙甘草汤的功用益气滋阴,通阳复脉。"
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "question_num": 6,
69
+ "query": "炙甘草汤的功用是",
70
+ "options": {
71
+ "A": "渗湿",
72
+ "B": "通便",
73
+ "C": "升阳",
74
+ "D": "补血",
75
+ "E": "疏肝"
76
+ },
77
+ "answer": "D",
78
+ "reason": "参苓白术散的功用为益气健脾,渗湿止泻;炙甘草汤的功用益气滋阴,通阳复脉。"
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "question_num": 7,
82
+ "query": "含有半夏、麦门冬、人参的方剂是",
83
+ "options": {
84
+ "A": "杏苏散",
85
+ "B": "清燥救肺汤",
86
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
87
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
88
+ "E": "养阴清肺汤"
89
+ },
90
+ "answer": "D",
91
+ "reason": "麦门冬汤的组成:麦门冬、半夏、人参、甘草、粳米、大枣。养阴清肺汤的组成:生地黄、麦门冬、生甘草、玄参、贝母、牡丹皮、薄荷、白芍。"
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "question_num": 8,
95
+ "query": "含有生地黄、麦门冬、玄参的方剂是",
96
+ "options": {
97
+ "A": "杏苏散",
98
+ "B": "清燥救肺汤",
99
+ "C": "桑杏汤",
100
+ "D": "麦门冬汤",
101
+ "E": "养阴清肺汤"
102
+ },
103
+ "answer": "E",
104
+ "reason": "麦门冬汤的组成:麦门冬、半夏、人参、甘草、粳米、大枣。养阴清肺汤的组成:生地黄、麦门冬、生甘草、玄参、贝母、牡丹皮、薄荷、白芍。"
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "question_num": 9,
108
+ "query": "具有消导化积、清热祛湿功用的方剂是",
109
+ "options": {
110
+ "A": "舟车丸",
111
+ "B": "保和丸",
112
+ "C": "枳实销宿丸",
113
+ "D": "木香槟榔丸",
114
+ "E": "枳实导滞丸"
115
+ },
116
+ "answer": "E",
117
+ "reason": "木香槟榔丸行气导滞,攻积泄热。枳实导滞丸消导化积,清热利湿。"
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "question_num": 10,
121
+ "query": "具有行气导滞、攻积泄热功用的方剂是",
122
+ "options": {
123
+ "A": "舟车丸",
124
+ "B": "保和丸",
125
+ "C": "枳实销宿丸",
126
+ "D": "木香槟榔丸",
127
+ "E": "枳实导滞丸"
128
+ },
129
+ "answer": "D",
130
+ "reason": "木香槟榔丸行气导滞,攻积泄热。枳实导滞丸消导化积,清热利湿。"
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "question_num": 11,
134
+ "query": "自觉咽中如有物阻,吐之不出,吞之不下,但不妨碍进食的病证是",
135
+ "options": {
136
+ "A": "反胃",
137
+ "B": "噎膈",
138
+ "C": "噫气",
139
+ "D": "呃逆",
140
+ "E": "梅核气"
141
+ },
142
+ "answer": "E",
143
+ "reason": "膈是痰、气、血有形之邪瘀阻食管。梅核气也表现为咽中如有物阻,但是痰气交阻,无有形之物,食物可以咽下。"
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "question_num": 12,
147
+ "query": "吞咽时哽咽不顺,饮食不下,或食入即吐的病证是",
148
+ "options": {
149
+ "A": "反胃",
150
+ "B": "噎膈",
151
+ "C": "噫气",
152
+ "D": "呃逆",
153
+ "E": "梅核气"
154
+ },
155
+ "answer": "B",
156
+ "reason": "膈是痰、气、血有形之邪瘀阻食管。梅核气也表现为咽中如有物阻,但是痰气交阻,无有形之物,食物可以咽下。"
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "question_num": 13,
160
+ "query": "治疗休息痢,应首选",
161
+ "options": {
162
+ "A": "连理汤",
163
+ "B": "半夏泻心汤",
164
+ "C": "乌梅丸",
165
+ "D": "左金丸",
166
+ "E": "温脾汤"
167
+ },
168
+ "answer": "A",
169
+ "reason": "休息痢治宜温中清肠、调气化滞,用连理汤。脾阳虚明显者宜重用温中健脾药,用温脾汤更适宜。"
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "question_num": 14,
173
+ "query": "治疗休息痢日久,脾阳极虚,肠中寒积不化,遇寒即发者,应首选",
174
+ "options": {
175
+ "A": "连理汤",
176
+ "B": "半夏泻心汤",
177
+ "C": "乌梅丸",
178
+ "D": "左金丸",
179
+ "E": "温脾汤"
180
+ },
181
+ "answer": "E",
182
+ "reason": "休息痢治宜温中清肠、调气化滞,用连理汤。脾阳虚明显者宜重用温中健脾药,用温脾汤更适宜。"
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "question_num": 15,
186
+ "query": "患者泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。治疗应首选",
187
+ "options": {
188
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
189
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
190
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
191
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
192
+ "E": "芍药汤"
193
+ },
194
+ "answer": "C",
195
+ "reason": "湿热在肠,传导失常,故腹痛,泻下急迫。气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,都是湿热互结的表现。治宜清热利湿,用葛根芩连汤。寒湿留滞肠中,气机阻潜故腹痛拘急,里急后重;只伤及气分,故痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少;寒湿困脾,故脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治宜温化寒湿,调气和血,用不换金正气散。"
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "question_num": 16,
199
+ "query": "患者腹痛拘急,痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少,里急后重,脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治疗应首选",
200
+ "options": {
201
+ "A": "藿香正气散",
202
+ "B": "不换金正气散",
203
+ "C": "葛根芩连汤",
204
+ "D": "白头翁汤",
205
+ "E": "芍药汤"
206
+ },
207
+ "answer": "B",
208
+ "reason": "湿热在肠,传导失常,故腹痛,泻下急迫。气味臭秽,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,都是湿热互结的表现。治宜清热利湿,用葛根芩连汤。寒湿留滞肠中,气机阻潜故腹痛拘急,里急后重;只伤及气分,故痢下赤白黏冻,白多赤少;寒湿困脾,故脘腹胀满,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治宜温化寒湿,调气和血,用不换金正气散。"
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "question_num": 17,
212
+ "query": "急黄神昏舌绛者,其治法是",
213
+ "options": {
214
+ "A": "清热利湿,佐以泻下",
215
+ "B": "利湿化浊,佐以清热",
216
+ "C": "清热解毒,凉营开窍",
217
+ "D": "健脾和胃,温化寒湿",
218
+ "E": "解表清热利湿"
219
+ },
220
+ "answer": "C",
221
+ "reason": "急黄神昏舌绛者治宜清热解毒,凉营开穷,重在开窍;阳黄初起见表证者,治宜解表清热利湿,重在解表,故123题选C,124题选E"
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "question_num": 18,
225
+ "query": "阳黄初起见表证者,其治法是",
226
+ "options": {
227
+ "A": "清热利湿,佐以泻下",
228
+ "B": "利湿化浊,佐以清热",
229
+ "C": "清热解毒,凉营开窍",
230
+ "D": "健脾和胃,温化寒湿",
231
+ "E": "解表清热利湿"
232
+ },
233
+ "answer": "E",
234
+ "reason": "急黄神昏舌绛者治宜清热解毒,凉营开穷,重在开窍;阳黄初起见表证者,治宜解表清热利湿,重在解表,故123题选C,124题选E"
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "question_num": 19,
238
+ "query": "患者腹胀,腹部时有条索状物聚起,按之胀痛更甚,便秘,纳呆,舌苔腻,脉弦滑。治疗应首选",
239
+ "options": {
240
+ "A": "逍遥散",
241
+ "B": "六磨汤",
242
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝散合失笑散",
243
+ "D": "膈下逐瘀汤合六君子汤",
244
+ "E": "八珍汤合化积丸"
245
+ },
246
+ "answer": "B",
247
+ "reason": "腹部时有条索状物聚起,时出时没,是聚证,按之胀痛更甚,便秘,纳呆,是饮食停滞,痰食交阻之证,治宜行气化痰、导滞通腑,用六磨汤。"
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "question_num": 20,
251
+ "query": "患者腹部积块明显,质地较硬,固定不移,刺痛,形体消瘦,纳谷减少,面色晦暗黧黑,舌质紫,脉细涩。治疗应首选",
252
+ "options": {
253
+ "A": "逍遥散",
254
+ "B": "六磨汤",
255
+ "C": "柴胡疏肝散合失笑散",
256
+ "D": "膈下逐瘀汤合六君子汤",
257
+ "E": "八珍汤合化积丸"
258
+ },
259
+ "answer": "D",
260
+ "reason": "腹部时有条索状物聚起,时出时没,是聚证,按之胀痛更甚,便秘,纳呆,是饮食停滞,痰食交阻之证,治宜行气化痰、导滞通腑,用六磨汤。"
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "question_num": 21,
264
+ "query": "积聚的病机主要是",
265
+ "options": {
266
+ "A": "气机阻滞,瘀血内结",
267
+ "B": "肝脾肾受损,气滞血结,水停腹中",
268
+ "C": "脾肺肾功能失调,水潴体内",
269
+ "D": "心肝脾功能失常,水结腹内",
270
+ "E": "肝脾肾受损,血郁脾内"
271
+ },
272
+ "answer": "A",
273
+ "reason": "积聚病机是气机阳滞,瘀血内结。鼓胀病机是肝脾肾受损,气血结,水停腹中。"
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "question_num": 22,
277
+ "query": "鼓胀的病机主要是",
278
+ "options": {
279
+ "A": "气机阻滞,瘀血内结",
280
+ "B": "肝脾肾受损,气滞血结,水停腹中",
281
+ "C": "脾肺肾功能失调,水潴体内",
282
+ "D": "心肝脾功能失常,水结腹内",
283
+ "E": "肝脾肾受损,血郁脾内"
284
+ },
285
+ "answer": "B",
286
+ "reason": "积聚病机是气机阳滞,瘀血内结。鼓胀病机是肝脾肾受损,气血结,水停腹中。"
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "question_num": 23,
290
+ "query": "太阳头痛的部位在",
291
+ "options": {
292
+ "A": "头后部",
293
+ "B": "前额部",
294
+ "C": "眉棱骨",
295
+ "D": "巅顶部",
296
+ "E": "头之两侧"
297
+ },
298
+ "answer": "A",
299
+ "reason": "太阳经头痛在头后部,阳明经在前额连眉棱骨,厥阴经在顶部,少阳经在头之两侧。"
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "question_num": 24,
303
+ "query": "厥阴头痛的部位在",
304
+ "options": {
305
+ "A": "头后部",
306
+ "B": "前额部",
307
+ "C": "眉棱骨",
308
+ "D": "巅顶部",
309
+ "E": "头之两侧"
310
+ },
311
+ "answer": "D",
312
+ "reason": "太阳经头痛在头后部,阳明经在前额连眉棱骨,厥阴经在顶部,少阳经在头之两侧。"
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "question_num": 25,
316
+ "query": "治疗太阳头痛的引经药是",
317
+ "options": {
318
+ "A": "柴胡、黄芩、川芎",
319
+ "B": "杜仲、桑寄生、续断",
320
+ "C": "羌活、蔓荆子、川芎",
321
+ "D": "葛根、白芷、知母",
322
+ "E": "吴茱萸、藁本"
323
+ },
324
+ "answer": "C",
325
+ "reason": "太阳头痛引经药:羌活、蔓荆子、川芎。阳明头痛引经药:葛根、白芷。"
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "question_num": 26,
329
+ "query": "治疗阳明头痛的引经药是",
330
+ "options": {
331
+ "A": "柴胡、黄芩、川芎",
332
+ "B": "杜仲、桑寄生、续断",
333
+ "C": "羌活、蔓荆子、川芎",
334
+ "D": "葛根、白芷、知母",
335
+ "E": "吴茱萸、藁本"
336
+ },
337
+ "answer": "D",
338
+ "reason": "太阳头痛引经药:羌活、蔓荆子、川芎。阳明头痛引经药:葛根、白芷。"
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "question_num": 27,
342
+ "query": "治疗中风半身不遂,脉络瘀阻证,应首选",
343
+ "options": {
344
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
345
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
346
+ "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
347
+ "D": "地黄饮子",
348
+ "E": "牵正散"
349
+ },
350
+ "answer": "A",
351
+ "reason": "中风后遗症半身不遂者,应益气活血,化瘀通络,用补阳还五汤。语言不利证属肾精亏虚者应补肾填精,用地黄饮子。"
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "question_num": 28,
355
+ "query": "治疗中风语言不利,肾虚精亏证,应首选",
356
+ "options": {
357
+ "A": "补阳还五汤",
358
+ "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
359
+ "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
360
+ "D": "地黄饮子",
361
+ "E": "牵正散"
362
+ },
363
+ "answer": "D",
364
+ "reason": "中风后遗症半身不遂者,应益气活血,化瘀通络,用补阳还五汤。语言不利证属肾精亏虚者应补肾填精,用地黄饮子。"
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "question_num": 29,
368
+ "query": "治疗正疟,应首选",
369
+ "options": {
370
+ "A": "柴胡截疟饮",
371
+ "B": "白虎加桂枝汤",
372
+ "C": "柴胡桂枝干姜汤",
373
+ "D": "加味不换金正气散",
374
+ "E": "何人饮"
375
+ },
376
+ "answer": "A",
377
+ "reason": "正疟应祛邪截疟和解表里,用柴胡截疟饮。劳疟应益气养血扶正祛邪,用何人饮。"
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "question_num": 30,
381
+ "query": "治疗劳疟,应首选",
382
+ "options": {
383
+ "A": "柴胡截疟饮",
384
+ "B": "白虎加桂枝汤",
385
+ "C": "柴胡桂枝干姜汤",
386
+ "D": "加味不换金正气散",
387
+ "E": "何人饮"
388
+ },
389
+ "answer": "E",
390
+ "reason": "正疟应祛邪截疟和解表里,用柴胡截疟饮。劳疟应益气养血扶正祛邪,用何人饮。"
391
+ }
392
+ ]
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README.md CHANGED
@@ -9,4 +9,158 @@ tags:
9
  pretty_name: Traditional Chinese Medicine Examination
10
  size_categories:
11
  - 1K<n<10K
12
- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9
  pretty_name: Traditional Chinese Medicine Examination
10
  size_categories:
11
  - 1K<n<10K
12
+ ---
13
+ # 中医执业医师资格考试题库数据集 📚
14
+
15
+ ## 数据来源
16
+ - 国家执业医师资格考试 中医执业医师考试 真题
17
+ - 国家执业医师资格考试 中医执业医师考试 模拟题
18
+ - 国家执业医师资格考试 中医执业助理医师考试 真题
19
+ - 国家执业医师资格考试 中医执业助理医师考试 模拟题
20
+
21
+ ## 数据规模 📊
22
+
23
+ **本题库共有7956道题目。**
24
+
25
+ 其中:
26
+ - 👩‍⚕️ **助理医师题目**: 2700道
27
+ - 👨‍⚕️ **执业医师题目**: 5256道
28
+
29
+ ## 题型结构与数量 🏗️
30
+
31
+ ```
32
+ 📁 /
33
+
34
+ ├── 📁 Assistant/ # 中医执业助理医师
35
+ │ ├── 📁 Theory_Questions/ # 理论题目
36
+ │ │ ├── 📁 Year_1/
37
+ │ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 222题
38
+ │ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 245题
39
+ │ │ ├── 📁 Year_2/
40
+ │ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 228题
41
+ │ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 218题
42
+ │ │ ├── 📁 Year_3/
43
+ │ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 220题
44
+ │ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 208题
45
+ │ │ ├── 📁 Year_4/
46
+ │ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 220题
47
+ │ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 206题
48
+ │ │ └── 📁 Year_5/
49
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 238题
50
+ │ ├── 📁 Analytical_Diagnostic_Questions/ # 分析诊断题目
51
+ │ │ └── 📁 Year_1/
52
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 15题
53
+ │ └── 📁 Fundamental_Concept_Questions/ # 基本概念题目
54
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_1/
55
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 78题
56
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 40题
57
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_2/
58
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 72题
59
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 82题
60
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_3/
61
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 80题
62
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 92题
63
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_4/
64
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 80题
65
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 94题
66
+ │ └── 📁 Year_5/
67
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 62题
68
+
69
+ └── 📁 Licensed/ # 中医执业医师
70
+ ├── 📁 Theory_Questions/ # 理论题目
71
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_1/
72
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 480题
73
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 355题
74
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_2/
75
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 480题
76
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 410题
77
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_3/
78
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 480题
79
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 480题
80
+ │ ├── 📁 Year_4/
81
+ │ │ ├── Mock.json # 480题
82
+ │ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 426题
83
+ │ └── 📁 Year_5/
84
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 426题
85
+ ├── 📁 Analytical_Diagnostic_Questions/ # 分析诊断题目
86
+ │ └── 📁 Year_1/
87
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 105题
88
+ └── 📁 Fundamental_Concept_Questions/ # 基本概念题目
89
+ ├── 📁 Year_1/
90
+ │ ├── Mock.json # 120题
91
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 140题
92
+ ├── 📁 Year_2/
93
+ │ ├── Mock.json # 120题
94
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 190题
95
+ ├── 📁 Year_3/
96
+ │ ├── Mock.json # 120题
97
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 120题
98
+ ├── 📁 Year_4/
99
+ │ ├── Mock.json # 120题
100
+ │ └── Past_Paper.json # 174题
101
+ └── 📁 Year_5/
102
+ └── Past_Paper.json # 30题
103
+ ```
104
+
105
+ ### 📋 题型详细说明
106
+
107
+ #### 1. 基础概念题 (Fundamental Concept Questions)
108
+ - **特点**: 记忆为主,考察最基本的概念定义
109
+ - **内容**: 中医基础理论、药物功效、基本术语等
110
+ - **目标**: 测试对基础知识的掌握程度
111
+
112
+ #### 2. 理论题 (Theory Questions)
113
+ - **特点**: 理论知识的综合运用,需要推理和分析
114
+ - **内容**: 涉及中医理论体系、方剂配伍原理、病因病机等
115
+ - **目标**: 测试理论知识的综合运用能力,对中医理论体系的深层理解,理论与实践的结合运用能力
116
+
117
+ #### 3. 分析诊断题 (Analytical Diagnostic Questions)
118
+ - **特点**: 临床应用导向,结合具体病例进行分析
119
+ - **内容**: 给出临床情境,要求运用中医知识进行��析诊断
120
+ - **目标**: 测试临床思维和实际应用能力
121
+
122
+ ### 📄 题目文件结构
123
+
124
+ 每个年度目录下包含:
125
+ - `Past_Paper.json` - 历年真题
126
+ - `Mock.json` - 模拟练习题
127
+
128
+ ## 数据结构
129
+
130
+ ### 📄 JSON文件数据格式
131
+
132
+ 每个JSON文件都包含一个题目数组,每道题目的数据结构如下:
133
+
134
+ 示例:
135
+ ```json
136
+ [
137
+ {
138
+ "question_num": 1,
139
+ "query": "属五行相乘传变的是",
140
+ "options": {
141
+ "A": "肝病及心",
142
+ "B": "肝病及肾",
143
+ "C": "肝病及肺",
144
+ "D": "肝病及脾",
145
+ "E": "脾病及心"
146
+ },
147
+ "answer": "D",
148
+ "reason": "A项属母病及子,BE项属子病及母,C项屈相侮传变,D项相乘传变。"
149
+ }
150
+ ]
151
+ ```
152
+
153
+ ### 🏷️ 字段说明
154
+
155
+ | 字段名 | 类型 | 说明 |
156
+ | -------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------ |
157
+ | `question_num` | `number` | 题目序号,从1开始递增 |
158
+ | `query` | `string` | 题目内容/问题描述 |
159
+ | `options` | `object` | 选项对象,包含A-E五个选项 |
160
+ | `options.A` | `string` | 选项A的内容 |
161
+ | `options.B` | `string` | 选项B的内容 |
162
+ | `options.C` | `string` | 选项C的内容 |
163
+ | `options.D` | `string` | 选项D的内容 |
164
+ | `options.E` | `string` | 选项E的内容 |
165
+ | `answer` | `string` | 正确答案,值为A、B、C、D、E中的一个 |
166
+ | `reason` | `string` | 答案解析,解释为什么这个选项是正确的 |