Answers.Body: <p>For the short answer, Duplo studs are indeed taller than twice the height of a Lego stud.  And don't rely too heavily on measurements you get from ldraw (and not just for Duplo).</p>
  
  <p>For a really long-winded history on this...</p>
  
  <p>First, note that when I authored the original Duplo parts I never actually measured them with a ruler or calipers, as there was no need.  The ldraw system assumes "perfect" dimensions in terms of other ldraw parts, so you typically measure parts by comparing them to other Lego pieces.  By this measurement, Duplo in ldraw (not counting the studs) is exactly twice the size of Lego.  In real life, any part is slightly smaller than the nominal measurement so that you can slide two parts next to each other without them hanging up on each other.  Duplo parts seem to be about twice as tolerant in this way, so I'd guess that in real life also the outer dimensions are very close to twice the size.</p>
  
  <p>Some time in the 1990's, Duplo studs were changed.  They were made taller, and the inner hole got larger (making the stud walls thinner).  They also added bumps to the inside of the stud hole.  The ldraw Duplo stud has the taller height of the new stud and the perfect roundness and dimensions of the old stud hole.</p>
  
  <p>Regular Lego bricks used to have smooth internal walls, and the ldraw bricks still look like this.  Duplo bricks always had "splines" that run vertically along the inside walls for Duplo studs to clutch.  Regular Lego studs clutch against the outer wall of the Duplo brick instead.  This is how studs of different sizes can both fit into the underside of a Duplo brick.  Around (2003?) Lego started making the walls of regular Lego look like Duplo bricks.  I assume this is a cost-cutting measure where they now use less plastic to mold the walls, but now have splines like Duplo so that the walls are the old thickness in the places where studs need to clutch.</p>
  
  <p>So... Duplo wall thickness is the same as Lego wall thickness from before 2003 or so.  It's 4 LDU (ldraw units) if that helps.  For reference, a plate is 8 LDU high without the stud, and a 1x1x1 brick is 20x20x24 LDU without the stud.  Studs in ldraw are 4 LDU high, but that is totally inaccurate.  Non-hollow studs are clearly more than half the height of a plate, and the real height of regular studs should be more like 4.25 LDU.</p>
  
  <p>Be very wary of the measurements that you get from parts converted from ldraw format to POV-Ray.  L3P scales each part down just a little bit to let POV-Ray show edge lines.</p>
  
  <p>There is no simple real-world conversion from ldraw units to inches or centimeters.  For more info on that, see my lugnet post from 2001: <a href="http://news.lugnet.com/cad/?n=5284">http://news.lugnet.com/cad/?n=5284</a>.</p>
  
  <p>Primo is another story...</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2012-10-17T21:04:51.740Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2012-10-17T21:04:51.740Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Tony Hafner
Answers.Body: <p>This is not a full answer, but the Free Art and Technology Lab seems to have carefully measured a DUPLO brick as part of the <a href="http://fffff.at/free-universal-construction-kit/" rel="noreferrer">Free Universal Construction Kit</a>. The parts are made available as STL file, for instance</p>
  
  <ul>
  <li><a href="http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15945" rel="noreferrer">http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15945</a> - includes DUPLO upper side</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15924" rel="noreferrer">http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15924</a> - includes DUPLO bottom side</li>
  </ul>
  
  <p>Maybe someone knows how to get the precice dimensions from the STL file. There is <a href="http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1778" rel="noreferrer">another DUPLO brick at Thingiverse</a> which seems to be less precise. At least one can get the numbers from the OSCAD file.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2012-10-19T19:58:53.947Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2012-10-19T19:58:53.947Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Jakob
Body: <p>The <a href="https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/288/what-are-the-dimensions-of-a-lego-brick">dimensions of LEGO brick</a> are documented well, but what about DUPLO bricks? If have only found the general statements that DUPLO is twice as large as LEGO but no exact numbers. What about the thickness of walls and the space that must be subtracted at each side (0.2mm for LEGO), is it also just doubled?. If you compare the bottom of a LEGO 2x4 brick and a DUPLO 2x4 brick, there are also additional small walls that I have not found documented.</p>
  
  <hr>
  
  <p><em>Update:</em> Some dimensions of a DUPLO brick can be derived from the dimensions of a LEGO brick, which have been <a href="http://www.robertcailliau.eu/Lego/Dimensions/zMeasurements-en.xhtml" rel="noreferrer">documented by Robert Cailliau</a> among
  others:</p>
  
  <p>Above and below a DUPLO 2x2 brick one can put two LEGO 2x4 bricks (or four 2x2 LEGO bricks). The outer walls of such stack seem to align perfectly, so the <strong>width</strong> and <strong>length</strong> of a DUPLO 2x2 brick is equal to the width of a LEGO 2x4 brick, which is <strong>31.8mm</strong> (32mm-0.2mm). By putting DUPLO and LEGO side by side, one can also see that the DUPLO <strong>height</strong> without studs is twice of the size in LEGO (<strong>19.2mm</strong>). The LEGO studs below the DUPLO brick touch DUPLO walls, so DUPLO <strong>wall thickness</strong> is the same as LEGO wall thickness (either before spline walls were introduced to LEGO bricks or LEGO wall thickness plus the length of LEGO splines), which is <strong>1.5mm</strong>. The DUPLO <strong>tube height</strong> is the height of the brick minus the height of a LEGO stud (which is somewhere between 1.6mm and 1.8mm). I'd better use the larger value, so the tubes start 1.8mm above the floor of the brick. From the top, LEGO tubes fit into DUPLO studs, so the <strong>stud inner diameter</strong> should equal to <strong>6.51mm</strong> (8*√2 - 4.8$). But if you carefully look inside a DUPLO stud, this fitting is only achieved by four additional lugs that give a minimal inner diameter around 6mm to facilitate snapping into.</p>
  
  <p>The remaining dimension include:</p>
  
  <ul>
  <li>stud outer diameter</li>
  <li>stud height</li>
  <li>tube inner diameter (but DUPLO tubes are not fully circular inside
  on a closer look!)</li>
  <li>tube outer diameter (also occurs at some other elements for instance as stem at <a href="http://www.peeron.com/inv/parts/6510" rel="noreferrer">#6510</a>)</li>
  <li>spline length</li>
  </ul>
  
  <p>Spline length can be derived from wall width and stud outer diameter. Tube 
  outer diameter and stud outer diameter can also be computed from each other. So basically three dimensions are left to be explained. Comments and insights are welcome how more of the remaning dimensions can be 
  derived from standard LEGO/DUPLO dimensions.</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2012-10-16T16:20:31.993Z
Comments.Text: I can tell you a 2X4 Duplo Brick generated in MLCad is 63.5mm x 31.7mm x 23.4mm. I'm not sure about the space between studs and additional tube walls.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Ambo100
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2012-10-16T17:31:15.907Z
Comments.Text: If a lego brick has 11.2mm height incl. knob - how come duplo is not 22.4mm? Looks like the dimension without additional space is 64mm x 32mm x 24mm.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Jakob
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2012-10-16T18:53:36.327Z
Comments.Text: Theoretically you could figure all of it by reading [the corresponding LDraw file](http://www.ldraw.org/library/official/parts/3011.dat) but that's not going to be easy, as you'll also need to fetch subfiles and so forth. I'll try to contact the part author, that may be faster.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Joubarc
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2012-10-17T09:12:02.637Z
Comments.Text: @Joubarc: thanks. I have not managed to used LDraw (with LDCat) on Linux yet. The LDraw download website seems to be broken or outdated.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Jakob
Tags: <piece-information><size><duplo>
Title: What are the exact dimensions of a DUPLO brick?
UserDisplayName: Jakob
ThreadText: # What are the exact dimensions of a DUPLO brick?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2012-10-16)
  
  The [dimensions of LEGO brick](https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/288/what-are-the-dimensions-of-a-lego-brick) are documented well, but what about DUPLO bricks? If have only found the general statements that DUPLO is twice as large as LEGO but no exact numbers. What about the thickness of walls and the space that must be subtracted at each side (0.2mm for LEGO), is it also just doubled?. If you compare the bottom of a LEGO 2x4 brick and a DUPLO 2x4 brick, there are also additional small walls that I have not found documented.
  
  ---
  
  *Update:* Some dimensions of a DUPLO brick can be derived from the dimensions of a LEGO brick, which have been [documented by Robert Cailliau](http://www.robertcailliau.eu/Lego/Dimensions/zMeasurements-en.xhtml) among
  others:
  
  Above and below a DUPLO 2x2 brick one can put two LEGO 2x4 bricks (or four 2x2 LEGO bricks). The outer walls of such stack seem to align perfectly, so the **width** and **length** of a DUPLO 2x2 brick is equal to the width of a LEGO 2x4 brick, which is **31.8mm** (32mm-0.2mm). By putting DUPLO and LEGO side by side, one can also see that the DUPLO **height** without studs is twice of the size in LEGO (**19.2mm**). The LEGO studs below the DUPLO brick touch DUPLO walls, so DUPLO **wall thickness** is the same as LEGO wall thickness (either before spline walls were introduced to LEGO bricks or LEGO wall thickness plus the length of LEGO splines), which is **1.5mm**. The DUPLO **tube height** is the height of the brick minus the height of a LEGO stud (which is somewhere between 1.6mm and 1.8mm). I'd better use the larger value, so the tubes start 1.8mm above the floor of the brick. From the top, LEGO tubes fit into DUPLO studs, so the **stud inner diameter** should equal to **6.51mm** (8\*√2 - 4.8$). But if you carefully look inside a DUPLO stud, this fitting is only achieved by four additional lugs that give a minimal inner diameter around 6mm to facilitate snapping into.
  
  The remaining dimension include:
  
  * stud outer diameter
  * stud height
  * tube inner diameter (but DUPLO tubes are not fully circular inside
    on a closer look!)
  * tube outer diameter (also occurs at some other elements for instance as stem at [#6510](http://www.peeron.com/inv/parts/6510))
  * spline length
  
  Spline length can be derived from wall width and stud outer diameter. Tube
  outer diameter and stud outer diameter can also be computed from each other. So basically three dimensions are left to be explained. Comments and insights are welcome how more of the remaning dimensions can be
  derived from standard LEGO/DUPLO dimensions.
  
  **Tags:** piece-information, size, duplo
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: I can tell you a 2X4 Duplo Brick generated in MLCad is 63.5mm x 31.7mm x 23.4mm. I'm not sure about the space between studs and additional tube walls.  
  > **username_0**: If a lego brick has 11.2mm height incl. knob - how come duplo is not 22.4mm? Looks like the dimension without additional space is 64mm x 32mm x 24mm.  
  > **username_2**: Theoretically you could figure all of it by reading [the corresponding LDraw file](http://www.ldraw.org/library/official/parts/3011.dat) but that's not going to be easy, as you'll also need to fetch subfiles and so forth. I'll try to contact the part author, that may be faster.  
  > **username_0**: @Joubarc: thanks. I have not managed to used LDraw (with LDCat) on Linux yet. The LDraw download website seems to be broken or outdated.  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_3 on 2012-10-17. Score: 18 | Accepted answer
  
  For the short answer, Duplo studs are indeed taller than twice the height of a Lego stud. And don't rely too heavily on measurements you get from ldraw (and not just for Duplo).
  
  For a really long-winded history on this...
  
  First, note that when I authored the original Duplo parts I never actually measured them with a ruler or calipers, as there was no need. The ldraw system assumes "perfect" dimensions in terms of other ldraw parts, so you typically measure parts by comparing them to other Lego pieces. By this measurement, Duplo in ldraw (not counting the studs) is exactly twice the size of Lego. In real life, any part is slightly smaller than the nominal measurement so that you can slide two parts next to each other without them hanging up on each other. Duplo parts seem to be about twice as tolerant in this way, so I'd guess that in real life also the outer dimensions are very close to twice the size.
  
  Some time in the 1990's, Duplo studs were changed. They were made taller, and the inner hole got larger (making the stud walls thinner). They also added bumps to the inside of the stud hole. The ldraw Duplo stud has the taller height of the new stud and the perfect roundness and dimensions of the old stud hole.
  
  Regular Lego bricks used to have smooth internal walls, and the ldraw bricks still look like this. Duplo bricks always had "splines" that run vertically along the inside walls for Duplo studs to clutch. Regular Lego studs clutch against the outer wall of the Duplo brick instead. This is how studs of different sizes can both fit into the underside of a Duplo brick. Around (2003?) Lego started making the walls of regular Lego look like Duplo bricks. I assume this is a cost-cutting measure where they now use less plastic to mold the walls, but now have splines like Duplo so that the walls are the old thickness in the places where studs need to clutch.
  
  So... Duplo wall thickness is the same as Lego wall thickness from before 2003 or so. It's 4 LDU (ldraw units) if that helps. For reference, a plate is 8 LDU high without the stud, and a 1x1x1 brick is 20x20x24 LDU without the stud. Studs in ldraw are 4 LDU high, but that is totally inaccurate. Non-hollow studs are clearly more than half the height of a plate, and the real height of regular studs should be more like 4.25 LDU.
  
  Be very wary of the measurements that you get from parts converted from ldraw format to POV-Ray. L3P scales each part down just a little bit to let POV-Ray show edge lines.
  
  There is no simple real-world conversion from ldraw units to inches or centimeters. For more info on that, see my lugnet post from 2001: <http://news.lugnet.com/cad/?n=5284>.
  
  Primo is another story...
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_0 on 2012-10-19. Score: 8
  
  This is not a full answer, but the Free Art and Technology Lab seems to have carefully measured a DUPLO brick as part of the [Free Universal Construction Kit](http://fffff.at/free-universal-construction-kit/). The parts are made available as STL file, for instance
  
  * <http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15945> - includes DUPLO upper side
  * <http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15924> - includes DUPLO bottom side
  
  Maybe someone knows how to get the precice dimensions from the STL file. There is [another DUPLO brick at Thingiverse](http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1778) which seems to be less precise. At least one can get the numbers from the OSCAD file.
  
  
  ---
  
  