<p>Any deviation from smoothness is caused by irregularity in the material feed, the motion, or both.  In this case, I would suggest both.</p>

<p>The problem is that current 3D printer control firmware (If someone has a counter-example in the hobbiest space, please add it) prints in linear segments.  This starts as @senthil-j-prakash shows in the conversion of the CAD object to an STL file.  STL files are made of triangles, which are linear structures.  There is no curvature in a triangle, only straight edges and flat faces.  Making the triangles as small as possible helps, but it exacerbates the next problem.</p>

<p>The second problem is that each line segment is passed as a separate command to the control firmware.  No matter if this is stored on an SD card, or transmitted through USB from the PC to the control firmware, each command defines a short, linear movement.  In an ideal world, the printer would precisely reproduce each of this short, linear motions, which would flow smoothly from one to the next.</p>

<p>Unfortunately, the "flowing smoothly" part is difficult to implement, and in some cases isn't actually what you want.  If the angle between segments is sharp enough, you don't want to round the corner.  When printing approximations to circles, however, one could move continuously, if the commands were sent enough ahead to analyze, and the firmware were clever enough to combine two segments into one smooth, curving motion.</p>

<p>This computation is very difficult to perform on an 8-bit microcontroller, and historically has not been done.</p>

<p>I am using a 32-bit ARM microcontroller and the RepRap firmware, which also does not smoothly merge motion between two low-angle linear motions into one smoother motion.</p>

<p>But, it's not just merging two into one.  One must merge a long series of short, linear moves into a long sequence of curved moves.  We could be doing motion planning based on splines rather than segments.</p>

<p>But then, we need to cap how much the control processor may change the path because the slicing software needs to predict very closely where each extruded element will lie. Adjacent elements (additional perimeters and infill) must be placed to touch those elements for bonding and strength.  if the control processor has moved an element too far, it could either not connect with, or interfere with, an element that is placed later.</p>

<p>But, enough of that rant about the technical difficulties.</p>

<p>For your particular machine, it is likely to be moving in fits and starts because of the short, linear commands.  Anything you do that improves the print quality will help with the ribs, and make them look more like facets.</p>

<p>Check the belt tension, the backlash, and the stiffness of the whole machine.  Try using slower speed and acceleration settings.  If you are printing from a PC through USB or the network, try printing from an SD card.  (If printing from an SD card, try printing over USB or the network).</p>

<p>Good luck, and keep printing!  Tell others of your experiences.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-25T00:11:35.637Z
2017-11-25T00:11:35.637Z
cmm
<p>Thank you all for your valuable input. I have come to find out that the issue was because of a host of movement related issues. </p>

<ol>
<li>Print speed is too fast. I have since reduced it. </li>
<li>There were some firmware related settings that needed adjusting. </li>
</ol>

<p>I found after making the appropriate changes, my circular prints came out beautifully!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-08-10T10:47:32.770Z
Hi, please could you accept your own answer as it will remove the question from the unanswered queue and as a beta site we need to keep the queue to a minimum. Also, it would be extremely helpful for other people with the same issue if you could explain what your print speed was and what you changed it too and what exactly were the firmware changes. As it stands your answer is a little vague, and while it gives a general pointer as what needs to be done, precise details would make your answer *much* more useful (and garner more votes). Thanks in advance.
Greenonline
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-25T22:08:42.640Z
Consider upvoting an answer if it helped you out, and marking the most useful one as accepted. Answers aren't the place to say "thanks". Alternatively, you can also leave a comment. Additionally, perhaps you could give a few more details on what changes you made to help out anyone who might have this problem in the future?
Tom van der Zanden
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-26T23:09:58.860Z
none of the answers here resulted in a fix for the problem, so therefore, i am unable to upvote any of them
PiGuy88
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-28T15:23:37.137Z
What are the firmware setting that needed adjustments?
Nir
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-29T05:49:39.307Z
@PiGuy88 Yes, I'm wondering what were the related settings you needed to adjust. Can you explain how much the speed was reduced? No one here was answering but they were commenting to get a better solution. Everything is important to get a cause-effect.
Fernando Baltazar
CC BY-SA 4.0
2017-11-25T03:16:09.180Z
2018-08-10T10:46:44.383Z
2018-08-10T10:46:44.383Z
PiGuy88
<p>Did you try to use different infill? Denser or less dense?</p>

<p>You can also try to reduce overlapping infil with outlines.</p>

<p>Try to set 2 or 3 outer perimeters / outlines.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-23T17:08:39.323Z
Yes. I've toyed with multiple infill settings. Problem reproduces.
PiGuy88
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-23T14:45:18.120Z
2017-09-23T14:45:18.120Z
darth pixel
<p>If your flowrate is not that well controlled it may introduce the little bulges at every corner. 
It helped my printer when I lowered the "jerk" value in the machine settings on the printer. 
The "jerk" determines how fast it approaches and leaves a corner. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-27T13:37:13.613Z
2017-12-27T13:37:13.613Z
Hacky
<p>When you are saving a CAD file to STL format to print, there are options on resolution. Coarse and Fine. Basically coarse would give that ribbed/flats effect.</p>

<p>I am not sure what CAD package its created but normally all the CAD packages allow the user to specify the deviation about from a design curve.
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/AmEjO.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/AmEjO.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-10-23T15:19:20.307Z
2017-11-23T20:10:33.760Z
2017-11-23T20:10:33.760Z
Senthil J Prakash
<p>I am having this problem with my printer. It doesn't print smooth circular objects. The objects are typically "ribbed" or ridged... never smooth. I am not sure how to fix this.</p>

<p>I have tried fixing it in Meshmixer, I've tried <em>Sli3r</em> (I normally use <em>Cura</em> 2.7). I've tried turning down acceleration as low as it will go (500 in my printer's case), tried slowing down the actual print and travel speeds. Short of just replacing the dang thing (not an option at all), I have no idea what to do... I'm at a total loss for words here.</p>

<p>My printer is a TronXY P802MA. Auto Level, runs <em>Marlin</em> firmware. I use Octoprint as my print server. The picture shows the odd texture. It's at the bottom of this particular model. For some reason, within the pictured model, the problem isn't reproduced in the partial spheres.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/WKe5A.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer" title="Unwanted texture"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/WKe5A.jpg" alt="Unwanted texture" title="Unwanted texture"></a></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-08-10T07:33:13.210Z
this happened to me when I was printing from PC, when print from SD card print is nice and smooth.
Blisk
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-22T14:04:58.133Z
Did you try slicing with a smaller layer height?  Did you look carefully at the source model to be sure it's not got limited ('low poly') definition?
Carl Witthoft
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-22T14:08:22.530Z
Regardless of the layer height, it still does this. I have not looked into low poly definition. I don't believe it is, because I've seen photos of this exact model and they're all nice and smooth.
PiGuy88
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-23T15:53:05.757Z
Have you checked the tension on the belts of your printer? Loose belts could cause the printer carriage to 'bounce' leading to something like this.
Diesel
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-23T17:07:24.750Z
@Diesel, Yes i did. It's the first thing I checked. There was just a little slack, and i tightened it up. Problem still reproduces.
PiGuy88
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-23T21:08:11.917Z
I'm definitely reaching with this, but are your belts, pulleys and rods your system slides on clean and straight? The pattern looks very repeated and symetric leading me to think there's some type of mechanical issue with your printer.
Diesel
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-09-24T05:35:31.460Z
Yes. Belts, pulleys, and all slide rails are clean and straight. The y-axis screw rod nuts are tightly fastened in all placed it needs to be. Regular checks are made for tightness. I'm thinking about using Loc-Tite or superglue on them though to keep them from loostening.
PiGuy88
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-23T03:22:45.033Z
@PiGuy88, try lowering your printing speed. Best if you put it in under 30mm/s range. This is quite reliable way to check if the waves appear because of printer mechanics.
ZuOverture
<print-quality><tronxy-p802>
What is causing this "ribbed" texture on my circular prints?
PiGuy88
# What is causing this "ribbed" texture on my circular prints?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-09-22)

I am having this problem with my printer. It doesn't print smooth circular objects. The objects are typically "ribbed" or ridged... never smooth. I am not sure how to fix this.

I have tried fixing it in Meshmixer, I've tried *Sli3r* (I normally use *Cura* 2.7). I've tried turning down acceleration as low as it will go (500 in my printer's case), tried slowing down the actual print and travel speeds. Short of just replacing the dang thing (not an option at all), I have no idea what to do... I'm at a total loss for words here.

My printer is a TronXY P802MA. Auto Level, runs *Marlin* firmware. I use Octoprint as my print server. The picture shows the odd texture. It's at the bottom of this particular model. For some reason, within the pictured model, the problem isn't reproduced in the partial spheres.

[![Unwanted texture](https://i.sstatic.net/WKe5A.jpg "Unwanted texture")](https://i.sstatic.net/WKe5A.jpg "Unwanted texture")

**Tags:** print-quality, tronxy-p802
> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: Did you try slicing with a smaller layer height?  Did you look carefully at the source model to be sure it's not got limited ('low poly') definition?  
> **username_0**: Regardless of the layer height, it still does this. I have not looked into low poly definition. I don't believe it is, because I've seen photos of this exact model and they're all nice and smooth.  
> **username_3**: Have you checked the tension on the belts of your printer? Loose belts could cause the printer carriage to 'bounce' leading to something like this.  
> **username_0**: @Diesel, Yes i did. It's the first thing I checked. There was just a little slack, and i tightened it up. Problem still reproduces.  
> **username_3**: I'm definitely reaching with this, but are your belts, pulleys and rods your system slides on clean and straight? The pattern looks very repeated and symetric leading me to think there's some type of mechanical issue with your printer.  
> **username_0**: Yes. Belts, pulleys, and all slide rails are clean and straight. The y-axis screw rod nuts are tightly fastened in all placed it needs to be. Regular checks are made for tightness. I'm thinking about using Loc-Tite or superglue on them though to keep them from loostening.  
> **username_4**: @PiGuy88, try lowering your printing speed. Best if you put it in under 30mm/s range. This is quite reliable way to check if the waves appear because of printer mechanics.  
> **username_1**: this happened to me when I was printing from PC, when print from SD card print is nice and smooth.  

---

## 5 answers

### Answer by username_5 on 2017-11-25. Score: 3

Any deviation from smoothness is caused by irregularity in the material feed, the motion, or both. In this case, I would suggest both.

The problem is that current 3D printer control firmware (If someone has a counter-example in the hobbiest space, please add it) prints in linear segments. This starts as @senthil-j-prakash shows in the conversion of the CAD object to an STL file. STL files are made of triangles, which are linear structures. There is no curvature in a triangle, only straight edges and flat faces. Making the triangles as small as possible helps, but it exacerbates the next problem.

The second problem is that each line segment is passed as a separate command to the control firmware. No matter if this is stored on an SD card, or transmitted through USB from the PC to the control firmware, each command defines a short, linear movement. In an ideal world, the printer would precisely reproduce each of this short, linear motions, which would flow smoothly from one to the next.

Unfortunately, the "flowing smoothly" part is difficult to implement, and in some cases isn't actually what you want. If the angle between segments is sharp enough, you don't want to round the corner. When printing approximations to circles, however, one could move continuously, if the commands were sent enough ahead to analyze, and the firmware were clever enough to combine two segments into one smooth, curving motion.

This computation is very difficult to perform on an 8-bit microcontroller, and historically has not been done.

I am using a 32-bit ARM microcontroller and the RepRap firmware, which also does not smoothly merge motion between two low-angle linear motions into one smoother motion.

But, it's not just merging two into one. One must merge a long series of short, linear moves into a long sequence of curved moves. We could be doing motion planning based on splines rather than segments.

But then, we need to cap how much the control processor may change the path because the slicing software needs to predict very closely where each extruded element will lie. Adjacent elements (additional perimeters and infill) must be placed to touch those elements for bonding and strength. if the control processor has moved an element too far, it could either not connect with, or interfere with, an element that is placed later.

But, enough of that rant about the technical difficulties.

For your particular machine, it is likely to be moving in fits and starts because of the short, linear commands. Anything you do that improves the print quality will help with the ribs, and make them look more like facets.

Check the belt tension, the backlash, and the stiffness of the whole machine. Try using slower speed and acceleration settings. If you are printing from a PC through USB or the network, try printing from an SD card. (If printing from an SD card, try printing over USB or the network).

Good luck, and keep printing! Tell others of your experiences.


---

### Answer by username_0 on 2017-11-25. Score: 2

Thank you all for your valuable input. I have come to find out that the issue was because of a host of movement related issues.

1. Print speed is too fast. I have since reduced it.
2. There were some firmware related settings that needed adjusting.

I found after making the appropriate changes, my circular prints came out beautifully!

> **Comments:**
> **username_7**: Consider upvoting an answer if it helped you out, and marking the most useful one as accepted. Answers aren't the place to say "thanks". Alternatively, you can also leave a comment. Additionally, perhaps you could give a few more details on what changes you made to help out anyone who might have this problem in the future?  
> **username_0**: none of the answers here resulted in a fix for the problem, so therefore, i am unable to upvote any of them  
> **username_8**: What are the firmware setting that needed adjustments?  
> **username_9**: @PiGuy88 Yes, I'm wondering what were the related settings you needed to adjust. Can you explain how much the speed was reduced? No one here was answering but they were commenting to get a better solution. Everything is important to get a cause-effect.  
> **username_6**: Hi, please could you accept your own answer as it will remove the question from the unanswered queue and as a beta site we need to keep the queue to a minimum. Also, it would be extremely helpful for other people with the same issue if you could explain what your print speed was and what you changed it too and what exactly were the firmware changes. As it stands your answer is a little vague, and while it gives a general pointer as what needs to be done, precise details would make your answer *much* more useful (and garner more votes). Thanks in advance.  

---

### Answer by username_10 on 2017-09-23. Score: 1

Did you try to use different infill? Denser or less dense?

You can also try to reduce overlapping infil with outlines.

Try to set 2 or 3 outer perimeters / outlines.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Yes. I've toyed with multiple infill settings. Problem reproduces.  

---

### Answer by username_11 on 2017-12-27. Score: 1

If your flowrate is not that well controlled it may introduce the little bulges at every corner.
It helped my printer when I lowered the "jerk" value in the machine settings on the printer.
The "jerk" determines how fast it approaches and leaves a corner.


---

### Answer by username_12 on 2017-10-23. Score: 1

When you are saving a CAD file to STL format to print, there are options on resolution. Coarse and Fine. Basically coarse would give that ribbed/flats effect.

I am not sure what CAD package its created but normally all the CAD packages allow the user to specify the deviation about from a design curve.
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/AmEjO.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/AmEjO.png)


---

