<p>SketchUp is known to create models which fail in the slicer or during the print. It's a good idea to use a resource to check for flaws/errors in the model. These errors can be quite varied. <a href="https://all3dp.com/2/stl-repair-fixer-tool-online-offline/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">All3DP</a> has a somewhat misleading presentation purporting to provide resources to repair damaged models, but the linked page merely describes those factors which are to be considered when examining a model. This particular link is included for completeness.</p>
<p>Non-manifold builds, intersecting faces, non-intersecting faces (holes) and others are listed in the linked article and are to be avoided/repaired prior to printing.</p>
<p>Some slicers will identify and auto-repair a model if the &quot;damage&quot; is not too severe.</p>
<p>Windows 10 and up includes 3DBuilder, which will also identify flawed models and attempt to repair them. Despite being bundled with Windows 10, it is a capable program for checking a build.</p>
<p>Meshmixer (windows) also has Analysis, Inspector to identify problem areas, and also to repair them. For your model, Meshmixer does not identify any failure points, making a repair unwarranted.</p>
<p>An online <a href="https://www.nanodlp.com/repair-3d-stl-file/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">repair resource from NanoDLP</a> exists but does not display any information, merely repairs the model and makes the repair STL file available for download. There may be others of value online, use search terms &quot;online 3D model repair.&quot;</p>
<p>If you can identify the slicer used by the library, it's possible/likely that it is a free download. PrusaSlicer, for example, will provide notification when a suspect model is loaded and will auto-repair. As noted above, your model does not have flaws; loading the model will provide other resources such as slicing and g-code preview as requested in your question. Other slicers are available for free download as well, including Cura, as referenced in the video.</p>
<p>The overhang mentioned by @FarO is a valid concern and the video provides a useful solution to the possibility of drooping during the print.</p>
<p>Angus of Maker's Muse on YouTube has a couple of videos covering design considerations to reduce or eliminate the need for supports, a version of the video linked by @FarO:
<div class="youtube-embed"><div>
                <iframe width="640px" height="395px" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RPijCjz9G1w?start=0"></iframe>
            </div></div></p>
<p>It's similar in respect to adding material to the model, creating a change from overhang to bridging.</p>
<p>I've had to print a counter-bore with the major diameter on the build plate. This created an unsupported bottom of the counter-bore &quot;floating&quot; above the plate. To fill this area with supports via the slicer would have been detrimental to the print quality and possibly resulted in impossible to remove supports.</p>
<p>The Angus' method served well in that I created a cylinder 0.4 mm larger in diameter than the minor diameter of the hole, placed directly in the center. This cylinder created a bridge from the major diameter, with an overlap of one nozzle width, which was easily snapped clear. One could have even less of an overlap by using 0.2 mm delta.</p>
<p>In the case of your vacuum nozzle, the overhang could be changed from the method presented in the video to a few gussets perpendicular to the surface under the overhang. This would &quot;bookend&quot; the overhang, creating bridging of the shelf, rather than drooping.</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/rKP7p.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/rKP7p.png" alt="bookend shelf support image" /></a></p>
<p>This image above is a hastily thrown-together example of the suggested option. The difference between the left and right support panel is the result of sloppy and hasty creation on my part, not a reflection of the model construction.</p>
<p><strong>Addressing the question</strong> in the comments regarding print time, multiple factors are to be considered. Print speed for the specific filament type is the first. PLA can tolerate relatively high speeds compared to other filaments, especially flexible types. Layer height is also a consideration. A model printed at 0.300 mm layer height will print more quickly than one printed at a common 0.150 mm or 0.200 mm height. Layer lines will be much more visible on non-vertical faces when printed at 0.300 millimeter layer height, but for a utilitarian purpose such as yours, that's insignificant, in my opinion.</p>
<p>The slicer program selected will also be a factor. At 0.300 mm height, one of my slicers presents a 7 hour 22 minute result, while another suggests 8 hours 32 minutes. As both are in excess of your allowed time, you'll have to improvise.</p>
<p>One option, based on the duration limitations, would be to segment the model in a manner to allow easy assembly after printing, then glue the segments in place. Super-glue-type adhesives are prone to becoming brittle and fail, while solvent types are more likely to create a better bond. A popular adhesive, from my experience as well, is E6000.</p>
<p>If you split this model, use a horizontal plane cut to maintain the vertical orientation. It will provide the fastest printing. You can also create the plane cut at the overhang area, removing the need for manipulating support structures.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-07T05:37:16.953Z
I have updated my post with the models the local public library has. They give you two hours for most of the printers; they do have some printers that can be used for longer. How can I determine how long is it going to take to print my model. Also what material would you recommend me to use ? (not sure if they provide the material or I have to come with mine)
MiniMe
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-08T10:24:05.370Z
Answer to comment question now in edited answer (bold)
fred_dot_u
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-10T21:03:39.340Z
Thicker layers are faster only if the printer runs blindly at a predefined speed, which unfortunately is often the case.
FarO
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T22:48:20.397Z
2023-01-08T10:23:28.797Z
2023-01-08T10:23:28.797Z
fred_dot_u
<p>The shape seems very easily printable.</p>
<p>The only part which will need supports is the bottom side of the rectangular connection port, in the figure just right to the quote &quot;11 21/32&quot;. That part, if it doesn't need to be connected to anything else or doesn't need to be exactly horizontal, can be modified to be slightly slanted, see video below with the issue and solution.</p>
<p><div class="youtube-embed"><div>
                <iframe width="640px" height="395px" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HXO-a7riOuo?start=0"></iframe>
            </div></div></p>
<p>Remeber that the height of the ramp depends on the depth of the overhang part. In the video the ratio is about 0.4 mm ramp height per 2.5 mm unsupported overhang. I would change it to be safer, 0.4 mm per 2.0 mm overhang, so (no less than!) 1 to 5. If your square connector is 5 mm deep (I mean measuring on the outer side of the opening, you get it), use a ramp 1 mm tall or more. The angle will be 11 degrees from horizontal.</p>
<p>Printers may struggle when the angle from horizontal is less than 20, but it's worth a try... or simply make it a bit taller, 0.4 mm per 1.5 mm overhang.</p>
<p>Once printed, file the ramp out so it becomes horizontal again. Try to use ABS if you can, it does better overhangs than PETG. PLA may work too but it's quite brittle if you hit it.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T15:23:02.620Z
Would these issues be revealed when I try a to simulate the printing in Fusion 360? Still trying to find a video that would show me how to do the simulation, that is what I was looking for when I asked, I also hoped that the simulation would tell me that there are problems with my model as the one you pointed out , thank you for that. PS: I posted a link to the file is you want to have a closer look
MiniMe
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T23:23:16.903Z
`only part which will need supports` not if you print the tube leaning over. I've printed lots of various shaped tubes for the pool that way.
0scar
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-07T19:04:07.787Z
@0scar bit then you need supports on the bottom, isn't it?
FarO
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-07T19:05:36.280Z
@MiniMe what you can do is to load the STL model in prusaslicer and enable "supports everywhere" to where the software will place them. Then it is up to you to get an Idea of what would happen if you don't use them. Of course, it's always possible to use supports and the issue with sagging is gone
FarO
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T09:44:58.693Z
2023-01-06T09:44:58.693Z
FarO
<blockquote>
<p>How can I test if my model can be 3D printed without having a printer?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Find out what printer is used and slice the print yourself using free tools like PrusaSlicer, Slic3r, Ultimaker Cura, etc..</p>
<p>From the mentioned printers, none of these allows for the tube to be printed upright, the TAZ has the largest height of 285 mm (depending on the exact version they have), your object is 288 mm...</p>
<p>e.g. One of my printer cannot take the object upright:
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/prJX8.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/prJX8.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>This means that you are left to two options, cut the object into two pieces and design a coupling between the two pieces, or you need to modify the orientation of the object.</p>
<p>Do note that orientation of the print on the plate can do a lot to print object that sometimes do not appear to fit on the plate or in the volume.</p>
<p>E.g., you could print the tube other than upright, see below (it fits my 200x300 mm printer):</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/EZm87.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/EZm87.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>This is sliced with support, but, a smaller scaled version printed fine without support. The larger version and the shallow incline of the tube need support for the full size print.</p>
<p>Scaled version of the tube printed without supports:
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/aIl8x.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/aIl8x.jpg" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>I think the best solution is to break up the part into two pieces and design an appropriate coupling. This would give you 2 parts, but the printing time and the amount of support will be minimum. The less time and the less support the higher the chance the parts print in one go without failing. It is also best to print the two parts after each other, else you will have the nozzle to retract (takes time) in between the two parts if printed together.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-08T17:21:55.760Z
I second this, using an open source slicer and go through the motions. This is all that most people do before printing their models.
Aaargh Zombies
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-08T12:34:44.223Z
2023-01-08T12:34:44.223Z
0scar
<p>This would be my first ever 3D printing
I previously worked in Sketchup to generate simple objects, mostly floor plans and various small objects mostly for visualizing and designing things.</p>
<p>I am now trying to print a dust collector (hose) adapter that would connect my vacuum to my table saw guard. I have the model already (looks like below), I have managed to get quotes from 3D printing service providers so apparently everything looks OK</p>
<p>I still have doubts regarding the stability of the object during the 3D printing.
How can I verify if everything is OK in that respect? I plan to print at our local public library which offers free printing (you pay the materials)</p>
<p>Here is my model, the OD at the base is 64.3 mm (2 17/32&quot;, the height is 288.1 mm):</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/g8HqX.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/g8HqX.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hGMpJfpFLHW0tBs2jVpVQWTiLIZi15Js/view?usp=sharing" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Here</a> is the link to the file.</p>
<p>If it matters the local public library branch has the following 3D printers which I can use:</p>
<ul>
<li>The LulzBot TAZ,</li>
<li>The Maker Bot Replicator 2</li>
<li>The Ultimaker 2 Plus</li>
</ul>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T10:54:56.140Z
Can you share your 3D model? It may help me better answer to your question.
kosteklvp
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T14:05:13.697Z
Sure how can I share a model here? I looked for that option but I could not figure out hoe to do it
MiniMe
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T15:08:49.867Z
You can add it on some 3D-models hosting repository and leave a link here. I’ll check it from there.
kosteklvp
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T15:18:48.953Z
ok if that is the case I have added the link to the file at the end f the post see the update
MiniMe
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-06T23:21:01.547Z
What kind of printing services? If it is powder printed (SLS), you don't need to bother about the overhangs.
0scar
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-07T05:32:04.263Z
I don't really exactly, I assumed that the model will present a problem for all of them. They did not say anything so I assumed it was OK. Turns out that the overhang problem is ...a problem :-)) I will fix that
MiniMe
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-08T12:20:08.950Z
You better may take a closer look to the build volumes of the mentioned printers, none of the three mentioned can fit the object upright!
0scar
<support-structures><part-testing>
How can I test if my model can be 3D printed without having a printer?
MiniMe
# How can I test if my model can be 3D printed without having a printer?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2023-01-06)

This would be my first ever 3D printing
I previously worked in Sketchup to generate simple objects, mostly floor plans and various small objects mostly for visualizing and designing things.

I am now trying to print a dust collector (hose) adapter that would connect my vacuum to my table saw guard. I have the model already (looks like below), I have managed to get quotes from 3D printing service providers so apparently everything looks OK

I still have doubts regarding the stability of the object during the 3D printing.
How can I verify if everything is OK in that respect? I plan to print at our local public library which offers free printing (you pay the materials)

Here is my model, the OD at the base is 64.3 mm (2 17/32", the height is 288.1 mm):

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/g8HqX.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/g8HqX.png)

[Here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hGMpJfpFLHW0tBs2jVpVQWTiLIZi15Js/view?usp=sharing) is the link to the file.

If it matters the local public library branch has the following 3D printers which I can use:

* The LulzBot TAZ,
* The Maker Bot Replicator 2
* The Ultimaker 2 Plus

**Tags:** support-structures, part-testing
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Can you share your 3D model? It may help me better answer to your question.  
> **username_0**: Sure how can I share a model here? I looked for that option but I could not figure out hoe to do it  
> **username_1**: You can add it on some 3D-models hosting repository and leave a link here. I’ll check it from there.  
> **username_0**: ok if that is the case I have added the link to the file at the end f the post see the update  
> **username_2**: What kind of printing services? If it is powder printed (SLS), you don't need to bother about the overhangs.  
> **username_0**: I don't really exactly, I assumed that the model will present a problem for all of them. They did not say anything so I assumed it was OK. Turns out that the overhang problem is ...a problem :-)) I will fix that  
> **username_2**: You better may take a closer look to the build volumes of the mentioned printers, none of the three mentioned can fit the object upright!  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2023-01-06. Score: 3 | Accepted answer

SketchUp is known to create models which fail in the slicer or during the print. It's a good idea to use a resource to check for flaws/errors in the model. These errors can be quite varied. [All3DP](https://all3dp.com/2/stl-repair-fixer-tool-online-offline/) has a somewhat misleading presentation purporting to provide resources to repair damaged models, but the linked page merely describes those factors which are to be considered when examining a model. This particular link is included for completeness.

Non-manifold builds, intersecting faces, non-intersecting faces (holes) and others are listed in the linked article and are to be avoided/repaired prior to printing.

Some slicers will identify and auto-repair a model if the "damage" is not too severe.

Windows 10 and up includes 3DBuilder, which will also identify flawed models and attempt to repair them. Despite being bundled with Windows 10, it is a capable program for checking a build.

Meshmixer (windows) also has Analysis, Inspector to identify problem areas, and also to repair them. For your model, Meshmixer does not identify any failure points, making a repair unwarranted.

An online [repair resource from NanoDLP](https://www.nanodlp.com/repair-3d-stl-file/) exists but does not display any information, merely repairs the model and makes the repair STL file available for download. There may be others of value online, use search terms "online 3D model repair."

If you can identify the slicer used by the library, it's possible/likely that it is a free download. PrusaSlicer, for example, will provide notification when a suspect model is loaded and will auto-repair. As noted above, your model does not have flaws; loading the model will provide other resources such as slicing and g-code preview as requested in your question. Other slicers are available for free download as well, including Cura, as referenced in the video.

The overhang mentioned by @FarO is a valid concern and the video provides a useful solution to the possibility of drooping during the print.

Angus of Maker's Muse on YouTube has a couple of videos covering design considerations to reduce or eliminate the need for supports, a version of the video linked by @FarO:

It's similar in respect to adding material to the model, creating a change from overhang to bridging.

I've had to print a counter-bore with the major diameter on the build plate. This created an unsupported bottom of the counter-bore "floating" above the plate. To fill this area with supports via the slicer would have been detrimental to the print quality and possibly resulted in impossible to remove supports.

The Angus' method served well in that I created a cylinder 0.4 mm larger in diameter than the minor diameter of the hole, placed directly in the center. This cylinder created a bridge from the major diameter, with an overlap of one nozzle width, which was easily snapped clear. One could have even less of an overlap by using 0.2 mm delta.

In the case of your vacuum nozzle, the overhang could be changed from the method presented in the video to a few gussets perpendicular to the surface under the overhang. This would "bookend" the overhang, creating bridging of the shelf, rather than drooping.

[![bookend shelf support image](https://i.sstatic.net/rKP7p.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/rKP7p.png)

This image above is a hastily thrown-together example of the suggested option. The difference between the left and right support panel is the result of sloppy and hasty creation on my part, not a reflection of the model construction.

**Addressing the question** in the comments regarding print time, multiple factors are to be considered. Print speed for the specific filament type is the first. PLA can tolerate relatively high speeds compared to other filaments, especially flexible types. Layer height is also a consideration. A model printed at 0.300 mm layer height will print more quickly than one printed at a common 0.150 mm or 0.200 mm height. Layer lines will be much more visible on non-vertical faces when printed at 0.300 millimeter layer height, but for a utilitarian purpose such as yours, that's insignificant, in my opinion.

The slicer program selected will also be a factor. At 0.300 mm height, one of my slicers presents a 7 hour 22 minute result, while another suggests 8 hours 32 minutes. As both are in excess of your allowed time, you'll have to improvise.

One option, based on the duration limitations, would be to segment the model in a manner to allow easy assembly after printing, then glue the segments in place. Super-glue-type adhesives are prone to becoming brittle and fail, while solvent types are more likely to create a better bond. A popular adhesive, from my experience as well, is E6000.

If you split this model, use a horizontal plane cut to maintain the vertical orientation. It will provide the fastest printing. You can also create the plane cut at the overhang area, removing the need for manipulating support structures.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: I have updated my post with the models the local public library has. They give you two hours for most of the printers; they do have some printers that can be used for longer. How can I determine how long is it going to take to print my model. Also what material would you recommend me to use ? (not sure if they provide the material or I have to come with mine)  
> **username_3**: Answer to comment question now in edited answer (bold)  
> **username_4**: Thicker layers are faster only if the printer runs blindly at a predefined speed, which unfortunately is often the case.  

---

### Answer by username_4 on 2023-01-06. Score: 2

The shape seems very easily printable.

The only part which will need supports is the bottom side of the rectangular connection port, in the figure just right to the quote "11 21/32". That part, if it doesn't need to be connected to anything else or doesn't need to be exactly horizontal, can be modified to be slightly slanted, see video below with the issue and solution.

Remeber that the height of the ramp depends on the depth of the overhang part. In the video the ratio is about 0.4 mm ramp height per 2.5 mm unsupported overhang. I would change it to be safer, 0.4 mm per 2.0 mm overhang, so (no less than!) 1 to 5. If your square connector is 5 mm deep (I mean measuring on the outer side of the opening, you get it), use a ramp 1 mm tall or more. The angle will be 11 degrees from horizontal.

Printers may struggle when the angle from horizontal is less than 20, but it's worth a try... or simply make it a bit taller, 0.4 mm per 1.5 mm overhang.

Once printed, file the ramp out so it becomes horizontal again. Try to use ABS if you can, it does better overhangs than PETG. PLA may work too but it's quite brittle if you hit it.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Would these issues be revealed when I try a to simulate the printing in Fusion 360? Still trying to find a video that would show me how to do the simulation, that is what I was looking for when I asked, I also hoped that the simulation would tell me that there are problems with my model as the one you pointed out , thank you for that. PS: I posted a link to the file is you want to have a closer look  
> **username_2**: `only part which will need supports` not if you print the tube leaning over. I've printed lots of various shaped tubes for the pool that way.  
> **username_4**: @0scar bit then you need supports on the bottom, isn't it?  
> **username_4**: @MiniMe what you can do is to load the STL model in prusaslicer and enable "supports everywhere" to where the software will place them. Then it is up to you to get an Idea of what would happen if you don't use them. Of course, it's always possible to use supports and the issue with sagging is gone  

---

### Answer by username_2 on 2023-01-08. Score: 1

> How can I test if my model can be 3D printed without having a printer?

Find out what printer is used and slice the print yourself using free tools like PrusaSlicer, Slic3r, Ultimaker Cura, etc..

From the mentioned printers, none of these allows for the tube to be printed upright, the TAZ has the largest height of 285 mm (depending on the exact version they have), your object is 288 mm...

e.g. One of my printer cannot take the object upright:
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/prJX8.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/prJX8.png)

This means that you are left to two options, cut the object into two pieces and design a coupling between the two pieces, or you need to modify the orientation of the object.

Do note that orientation of the print on the plate can do a lot to print object that sometimes do not appear to fit on the plate or in the volume.

E.g., you could print the tube other than upright, see below (it fits my 200x300 mm printer):

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/EZm87.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/EZm87.png)

This is sliced with support, but, a smaller scaled version printed fine without support. The larger version and the shallow incline of the tube need support for the full size print.

Scaled version of the tube printed without supports:
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/aIl8x.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/aIl8x.jpg)

I think the best solution is to break up the part into two pieces and design an appropriate coupling. This would give you 2 parts, but the printing time and the amount of support will be minimum. The less time and the less support the higher the chance the parts print in one go without failing. It is also best to print the two parts after each other, else you will have the nozzle to retract (takes time) in between the two parts if printed together.

> **Comments:**
> **username_5**: I second this, using an open source slicer and go through the motions. This is all that most people do before printing their models.  

---

