<p>It looks like you overtune it. I think it's because top layer of hollow object doesn't have any support (which is obvious) but because of that the filament is not oblate that's why it looks like underextruded.</p>

<p>If you really need hollow object then set number of top layers to 3..5 then check if it helps. I know it's not really what you expect but IMO this could help here. (I usually set 2 bottom layers and 3 top and it's quite enought.) You can also experiment with speed of top leyer. I would say the faster the better in this issue as the the first top layer should be as flat as possible then next top layer will have better support. And of course cooling should be set to max (as for the bridges).</p>

<p>Here is an explanation why you get underextrusion. 
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/RNxqc.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/RNxqc.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>A is wall (perimeter) B is (ceiling) top layer. </p>

<p>Empty outlines are what you expect but filled shapes are what you really get. Differences are of course slightly smaller but it's to clearly explain the issue</p>

<p>Please also check Printer Settings > Advanced > Top solid infill.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T21:08:46.310Z
I just have found interesting article about flow math of slic3r (http://manual.slic3r.org/advanced/flow-math) , where they suggest to use maximal value of extrusion width equal to 1.7*nozzle size. In my case I use 0.65, what is quite close to maximal extrusion width for nozzle with diameter of 0.4mm (0.67mm max) . I'll try to change it and see how it will affect the result.
Anton Osadchy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T05:36:09.200Z
2016-05-23T05:50:30.693Z
2016-05-23T05:50:30.693Z
darth pixel
<p>I've had that issue on my 3D printing shop. </p>

<p>That kind of problem usually happens when the extruder driving gear gets worn out. This makes the extruder loose it's grip on the filament and diminishes the flow of the extrusion, resulting on the prints you show on your photo.</p>

<p>Depending on the time you have with your printer and the use you give it the gear will get worn out between 8 to 12 months and you will have to change it to avoid the flow issues.</p>

<p>I recommend you to open the extruder and check if the driving gear is worn so that you can order a new one.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-06-17T23:21:51.370Z
2016-06-17T23:21:51.370Z
Jorge Cuevas
<p>For last two weeks I have been struggling with flow rate adjustments. I'm using an UM2, colorFabb XT 1.75mm and Slic3r. Before printing a test cube I made flow rate adjustments using the "Perimeter test" (printed a hallow cube with 1 layer thin perimeter line). I then compared the desired value of the perimeter's width with the value from the g-code and adjusted the flow rate. I repeated this procedure until I got exactly the thickness I needed. After that, I printed a 15x15x15 mm cube and observed under extrusion on top layer. Also, the dimensions of the cube in the x-y plane were smaller than expected (0.4mm shorter than they should be). I have done this a few times now, and still get the same result. :/ Furthermore, I was unable to adjust width by dividing the desired value of the width of the perimeter by a real value, I got slightly smaller extrusion multiplier (One I got by division is 0.9 , but 9.5 relates to desired width). Do you have some suggestion guys?<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/pcfx5.jpg" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/pcfx5.jpg" alt="Cubes I have got with corrected extrusion multiplier"></a></p>

<p>Update:</p>

<p>I'll try to explain the calibration method I have used. </p>

<ol>
<li>I have made in Solidwork 15x15x15 mm cube. </li>
<li>The cube was imported into Slic3r, where I have set the infill to 0% and number of sides shells equal to 1 and number of top and bottom shells equal to 0 (It gave me one layer thin wall in shape of cube). </li>
<li>I printed it out and measured the width using caliper and compared with the perimeter's width from g-code. </li>
<li>I have got something about 0.7, but the extrusion width in g-code is 0.65, so I changed extrusion multiplier by 0.65/0.7 = 0.93 (what is not actually true, because I got correct value on 0.95 only) </li>
<li>I have repeated the procedure for many times, and always got wrong dimensions and under extrusion.
There is the video about method I just have explained: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjE5udkNEA" rel="noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjE5udkNEA</a></li>
</ol>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T07:43:04.203Z
Could you please crop your image a bit?
rudolf_franek
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T08:49:57.220Z
Hi! Do you have a link or reference to the tuning method you are using? I'm not sure how *perimeter tests* work. :)
Tormod Haugene
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T09:21:20.933Z
@Anton when you add image and imgur already grabed it then you can add 's' letter to image link so it will become small or 'm' for middle. Letter should go as last just before dot
darth pixel
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T18:46:12.510Z
I'll try to explain method I have used.
Anton Osadchy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T20:15:45.160Z
@AntonOsadchy I tried to explain why you get underextrusion (or pseudo-underextrusion) on top layers. I haven't cover underextrusion in terms of perimeter dimension. Another remark - your point #2 is almost equal to "vase" option :)
darth pixel
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T20:56:06.947Z
@darth pixel yes, I guess you are right about top layers! I'll try to make an experiment tomorrow and see what I'll get. But it still doesn't really explain the problem with x-y dimensions, which should be solved by adjusting the filament flow. I have actually seen some articles, where people could get very good precision (about 0.05 mm) by adjusting the filament flow using this method. But it doesn't work for me :/ Anyway, I highly appreciate your help :)
Anton Osadchy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T21:11:21.860Z
@darthpixel I have a vase mode turned off. What do you mean by equal to "vase" option?
Anton Osadchy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-05-23T21:34:51.780Z
@AntonOsadchy vase mode has 1 perimeter and no top layer, that's why I've wrote "almost equal to vase" ;)
darth pixel
<extrusion><calibration><slic3r><colorfabb-xt>
Slic3r under extrusion
Anton Osadchy
# Slic3r under extrusion

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-05-22)

For last two weeks I have been struggling with flow rate adjustments. I'm using an UM2, colorFabb XT 1.75mm and Slic3r. Before printing a test cube I made flow rate adjustments using the "Perimeter test" (printed a hallow cube with 1 layer thin perimeter line). I then compared the desired value of the perimeter's width with the value from the g-code and adjusted the flow rate. I repeated this procedure until I got exactly the thickness I needed. After that, I printed a 15x15x15 mm cube and observed under extrusion on top layer. Also, the dimensions of the cube in the x-y plane were smaller than expected (0.4mm shorter than they should be). I have done this a few times now, and still get the same result. :/ Furthermore, I was unable to adjust width by dividing the desired value of the width of the perimeter by a real value, I got slightly smaller extrusion multiplier (One I got by division is 0.9 , but 9.5 relates to desired width). Do you have some suggestion guys?[![Cubes I have got with corrected extrusion multiplier](https://i.sstatic.net/pcfx5.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/pcfx5.jpg)

Update:

I'll try to explain the calibration method I have used.

1. I have made in Solidwork 15x15x15 mm cube.
2. The cube was imported into Slic3r, where I have set the infill to 0% and number of sides shells equal to 1 and number of top and bottom shells equal to 0 (It gave me one layer thin wall in shape of cube).
3. I printed it out and measured the width using caliper and compared with the perimeter's width from g-code.
4. I have got something about 0.7, but the extrusion width in g-code is 0.65, so I changed extrusion multiplier by 0.65/0.7 = 0.93 (what is not actually true, because I got correct value on 0.95 only)
5. I have repeated the procedure for many times, and always got wrong dimensions and under extrusion.
   There is the video about method I just have explained: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjE5udkNEA>

**Tags:** extrusion, calibration, slic3r, colorfabb-xt
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Could you please crop your image a bit?  
> **username_2**: Hi! Do you have a link or reference to the tuning method you are using? I'm not sure how *perimeter tests* work. :)  
> **username_3**: @Anton when you add image and imgur already grabed it then you can add 's' letter to image link so it will become small or 'm' for middle. Letter should go as last just before dot  
> **username_0**: I'll try to explain method I have used.  
> **username_3**: @AntonOsadchy I tried to explain why you get underextrusion (or pseudo-underextrusion) on top layers. I haven't cover underextrusion in terms of perimeter dimension. Another remark - your point #2 is almost equal to "vase" option :)  
> **username_0**: @darth pixel yes, I guess you are right about top layers! I'll try to make an experiment tomorrow and see what I'll get. But it still doesn't really explain the problem with x-y dimensions, which should be solved by adjusting the filament flow. I have actually seen some articles, where people could get very good precision (about 0.05 mm) by adjusting the filament flow using this method. But it doesn't work for me :/ Anyway, I highly appreciate your help :)  
> **username_0**: @darthpixel I have a vase mode turned off. What do you mean by equal to "vase" option?  
> **username_3**: @AntonOsadchy vase mode has 1 perimeter and no top layer, that's why I've wrote "almost equal to vase" ;)  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2016-05-23. Score: 2

It looks like you overtune it. I think it's because top layer of hollow object doesn't have any support (which is obvious) but because of that the filament is not oblate that's why it looks like underextruded.

If you really need hollow object then set number of top layers to 3..5 then check if it helps. I know it's not really what you expect but IMO this could help here. (I usually set 2 bottom layers and 3 top and it's quite enought.) You can also experiment with speed of top leyer. I would say the faster the better in this issue as the the first top layer should be as flat as possible then next top layer will have better support. And of course cooling should be set to max (as for the bridges).

Here is an explanation why you get underextrusion.
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/RNxqc.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/RNxqc.png)

A is wall (perimeter) B is (ceiling) top layer.

Empty outlines are what you expect but filled shapes are what you really get. Differences are of course slightly smaller but it's to clearly explain the issue

Please also check Printer Settings > Advanced > Top solid infill.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: I just have found interesting article about flow math of slic3r (http://manual.slic3r.org/advanced/flow-math) , where they suggest to use maximal value of extrusion width equal to 1.7*nozzle size. In my case I use 0.65, what is quite close to maximal extrusion width for nozzle with diameter of 0.4mm (0.67mm max) . I'll try to change it and see how it will affect the result.  

---

### Answer by username_4 on 2016-06-17. Score: 1

I've had that issue on my 3D printing shop.

That kind of problem usually happens when the extruder driving gear gets worn out. This makes the extruder loose it's grip on the filament and diminishes the flow of the extrusion, resulting on the prints you show on your photo.

Depending on the time you have with your printer and the use you give it the gear will get worn out between 8 to 12 months and you will have to change it to avoid the flow issues.

I recommend you to open the extruder and check if the driving gear is worn so that you can order a new one.


---

