<p>The minimum fee is for the transaction as a whole, calculated as <code>a * size(tx) + b</code>, where <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> are protocol parameters. However, there is a <code>Min-Ada-Value</code> of <code>1 ADA</code> which is the minimum size of a UTxO. The maximum possible UTxO set of Cardano is actually 45 billion for this reason. Anyway, you'd need to send 1 ADA per UTxO (which can be in the same transaction) and then the only limit should be the size of the transaction being less than the size limit of a block.</p>
<p>You can read more about this here:</p>
<p>Docs:
<a href="https://cardano-ledger.readthedocs.io/en/latest/explanations/min-utxo.html" rel="noreferrer">https://cardano-ledger.readthedocs.io/en/latest/explanations/min-utxo.html</a></p>
<p>Implementation:
<a href="https://github.com/input-output-hk/cardano-ledger-specs/blob/master/shelley-ma/impl/src/Cardano/Ledger/ShelleyMA/Rules/Utxo.hs" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/input-output-hk/cardano-ledger-specs/blob/master/shelley-ma/impl/src/Cardano/Ledger/ShelleyMA/Rules/Utxo.hs</a></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-05-01T19:15:22.420Z
2021-05-01T21:20:08.907Z
2021-05-01T21:20:08.907Z
Eddy Schauman-Haigh
<blockquote>
<p>Let's say I want to send to 1 million addresses. I've read that
Cardano enforces a &quot;minimum transaction fee.&quot; But is this fee applied
to each recipient address in a bulk transaction? Or is it for the
overall transaction?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>As Edd, already mention in his post, a protocol parameter <code>minUtxoValue</code> is in place to make sure the dust is causing the UTXO to grow too much. Right now it is set to <code>1 ADA</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>If it's the case where I pay a fixed fee per bulk send, what is the maximum number of addresses I can send to in one bulk transaction?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>There is no maximum number of addresses per transaction directly, but this is limited by the protocol parameter <code>maxTxSize</code> which is right now set to <code>16384</code> bytes, which dictates how large in size one transaction can be. So, it all depends on your usage of addresses, number of inputs, number of outputs etc.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-05-01T21:30:38.683Z
2021-05-01T21:30:38.683Z
Marek Mahut - StakeNuts
<p>I have a use case where I want to send to many addresses on a regular basis.</p>
<p>Let's say I want to send to 1 million addresses. I've read that Cardano enforces a &quot;minimum transaction fee.&quot; But is this fee applied to each recipient address in a bulk transaction? Or is it for the overall transaction?</p>
<p>If it's the case where I pay a fixed fee per bulk send, what is the maximum number of addresses I can send to in one bulk transaction?</p>

<transaction>
How are transaction fees determined for bulk sends?
# How are transaction fees determined for bulk sends?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-05-01)

I have a use case where I want to send to many addresses on a regular basis.

Let's say I want to send to 1 million addresses. I've read that Cardano enforces a "minimum transaction fee." But is this fee applied to each recipient address in a bulk transaction? Or is it for the overall transaction?

If it's the case where I pay a fixed fee per bulk send, what is the maximum number of addresses I can send to in one bulk transaction?

**Tags:** transaction

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2021-05-01. Score: 7 | Accepted answer

The minimum fee is for the transaction as a whole, calculated as `a * size(tx) + b`, where `a` and `b` are protocol parameters. However, there is a `Min-Ada-Value` of `1 ADA` which is the minimum size of a UTxO. The maximum possible UTxO set of Cardano is actually 45 billion for this reason. Anyway, you'd need to send 1 ADA per UTxO (which can be in the same transaction) and then the only limit should be the size of the transaction being less than the size limit of a block.

You can read more about this here:

Docs:
<https://cardano-ledger.readthedocs.io/en/latest/explanations/min-utxo.html>

Implementation:
<https://github.com/input-output-hk/cardano-ledger-specs/blob/master/shelley-ma/impl/src/Cardano/Ledger/ShelleyMA/Rules/Utxo.hs>


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### Answer by username_2 on 2021-05-01. Score: 3

> Let's say I want to send to 1 million addresses. I've read that
> Cardano enforces a "minimum transaction fee." But is this fee applied
> to each recipient address in a bulk transaction? Or is it for the
> overall transaction?

As Edd, already mention in his post, a protocol parameter `minUtxoValue` is in place to make sure the dust is causing the UTXO to grow too much. Right now it is set to `1 ADA`.

> If it's the case where I pay a fixed fee per bulk send, what is the maximum number of addresses I can send to in one bulk transaction?

There is no maximum number of addresses per transaction directly, but this is limited by the protocol parameter `maxTxSize` which is right now set to `16384` bytes, which dictates how large in size one transaction can be. So, it all depends on your usage of addresses, number of inputs, number of outputs etc.


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