<p>Community Wiki answer (please edit):</p>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>现代汉民族共同语是以<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%AF%AD/5689128" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>北方话</strong></a>为基础方言。</li>
<li>从发音部位分，普通话的声母m属<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3/8513213" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>双唇鼻音</strong></a>。</li>
<li>词是最小的<a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/515161836" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>有意义的独立运用的</strong></a>的语言单位。 (It's not 有意义 by itself; that's
<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0/1321734" rel="nofollow noreferrer">语素</a> = &quot;morpheme&quot;.)</li>
<li>从结构关系看，“风浪、寒冷、开关”这类词是<strong>并列</strong>式。</li>
<li>“腐败”的反义词是<strong>清廉</strong>。 (Also possible is <strong>新鲜</strong> and <strong>清明</strong>, according to my dictionary.)</li>
<li>“关系很密切”中的“密切”是形容词，而在“密切关系”中是<strong>动词</strong>。 (The sentence implies the answer is not 形容词.)</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>主语、谓语、宾语、状语、补语 etc. are syntactical functions/positions. 名词、形容词、动词、副词 etc. are parts of speech.</p>
<p>密切关系 can be a NP, where 密切 is adj. and 关系 is a noun. ex.我们的密切关系</p>
<p>密切关系 can be a VP, where 密切 is vt. and 关系 is a noun. ex. 我们要密切关系，紧密联系。</p>
<p>Since it's implicitly asking for something other than adj., 动词 is more appropriate.</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="7">
<li>短语“木头房子”的结构关系是<strong>定中关系</strong>。(定语+中心语)</li>
<li>句子“这件事我来办。”的主语是“<strong>这件事</strong>”。  (See: <a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B0%93%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5/999375" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Baidu Baike 主谓谓语句</a>; the question is likely referring to 全句的主语, which is 这件事.)</li>
<li>由“既然……就……”链接的复句是<a href="https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/436773342391793684.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>因果</strong></a>关系。</li>
<li>言外之意是指<a href="https://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view/1133028" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>没有在话里明说，而是通过暗示手法表达出来的真正意思</strong></a>。</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T22:38:11.003Z
2022-05-18T00:10:41.270Z
2022-05-18T00:10:41.270Z
Becky 李蓓
<p>“腐败”的反义词是清廉。 (But 新鲜 is wrong as 新鲜 means fresh)</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-24T15:37:13.137Z
2022-05-24T15:37:13.137Z
envs_h_gang_5
<p>I thought this would be an interesting puzzle for some users here.  This is an exam question for university graduate students in linguistics (<a href="https://max.book118.com/html/2018/0527/169031626.shtm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">source</a>):</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://i.postimg.cc/htsJzTbK/Screenshot-2022-05-17-at-16-30-11-doc.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/htsJzTbK/Screenshot-2022-05-17-at-16-30-11-doc.png"></a></p>
<p>一。填空题（每题3分，共30分）</p>
<ol>
<li>现代汉民族共同语是以_____为基础方言。</li>
<li>从发音部位分，普通话的声母m属_____。</li>
<li>词是最小的_____的语言单位。</li>
<li>从结构关系看，“风浪、寒冷、开关”这类词是_____式。</li>
<li>“腐败”的反义词是_____。</li>
<li>“关系很密切”中的“密切”是形容词，而在“密切关系”中是_____。</li>
<li>短语“木头房子”的结构关系是_____。</li>
<li>句子“这件事我来办。”的主语是_____。</li>
<li>由“既然……就……”链接的复句是_____关系。</li>
<li>言外之意是指_____。</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>I don't know most of the answers myself.  My partial answers:</p>
<blockquote class="spoiler">
<p> I'm guessing 3 is 带有意义.  Actually, 腐败 has two antonyms, one is 新鲜 and the other is 清廉 or 廉洁 (I had to look up this second one; I encountered it a long time ago when I first met 腐败).  I'd be rather surprised if 6 is not also 形容词, but the question seems to suggest it.  I'm fairly confident the subject of 7 is 我 (not 这件事).  I think 9 is 因果关系.  And I'm not sure how to fill in the blank in 10, but it's something like 非字面的意思, non-textual meaning.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Question</strong>: What are the answers to this linguistics graduate-student entrance exam question?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T09:51:22.777Z
The subject for 这件事我来办 is indeed 这件事，not 我. According to Chinese grammar, 这件事我来办 is a 主谓谓语句 in which 主谓短语 is used as 谓语. In this case, 我来办 is the predicate(谓语).
dan
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T11:22:56.540Z
I'd suspect that the answer for "词是最小的_____的语言单位。" is "有意義" but that is not strictly correct because morphemes carry semantics, too. OTOH my guess may be wrong so now for the spoiler...
John Frazer
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T11:25:10.963Z
5. 清廉 ˙8. "我"来办这件事 10. 隱喻
r13
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T11:28:23.957Z
6. I suspect they're going for [狀語 Adverb](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E8%AA%9E) in so far as 關係 can be understood as a verb
John Frazer
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T11:49:12.953Z
Write an answer, guys! Make it a community wiki answer if you’re unsure.
dROOOze
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-05-17T17:46:07.300Z
#2 /m/ is a bilabial nasal 雙唇鼻音.
monalisa
<linguistics>
What are the answers to this linguistics graduate-student entrance exam question?
# What are the answers to this linguistics graduate-student entrance exam question?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2022-05-17)

I thought this would be an interesting puzzle for some users here. This is an exam question for university graduate students in linguistics ([source](https://max.book118.com/html/2018/0527/169031626.shtm)):

> [![](https://i.postimg.cc/htsJzTbK/Screenshot-2022-05-17-at-16-30-11-doc.png)](https://i.postimg.cc/htsJzTbK/Screenshot-2022-05-17-at-16-30-11-doc.png)
>
> 一。填空题（每题3分，共30分）
>
> 1. 现代汉民族共同语是以\_\_\_\_\_为基础方言。
> 2. 从发音部位分，普通话的声母m属\_\_\_\_\_。
> 3. 词是最小的\_\_\_\_\_的语言单位。
> 4. 从结构关系看，“风浪、寒冷、开关”这类词是\_\_\_\_\_式。
> 5. “腐败”的反义词是\_\_\_\_\_。
> 6. “关系很密切”中的“密切”是形容词，而在“密切关系”中是\_\_\_\_\_。
> 7. 短语“木头房子”的结构关系是\_\_\_\_\_。
> 8. 句子“这件事我来办。”的主语是\_\_\_\_\_。
> 9. 由“既然……就……”链接的复句是\_\_\_\_\_关系。
> 10. 言外之意是指\_\_\_\_\_。

I don't know most of the answers myself. My partial answers:

> I'm guessing 3 is 带有意义. Actually, 腐败 has two antonyms, one is 新鲜 and the other is 清廉 or 廉洁 (I had to look up this second one; I encountered it a long time ago when I first met 腐败). I'd be rather surprised if 6 is not also 形容词, but the question seems to suggest it. I'm fairly confident the subject of 7 is 我 (not 这件事). I think 9 is 因果关系. And I'm not sure how to fill in the blank in 10, but it's something like 非字面的意思, non-textual meaning.

**Question**: What are the answers to this linguistics graduate-student entrance exam question?

**Tags:** linguistics
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: The subject for 这件事我来办 is indeed 这件事，not 我. According to Chinese grammar, 这件事我来办 is a 主谓谓语句 in which 主谓短语 is used as 谓语. In this case, 我来办 is the predicate(谓语).  
> **username_2**: I'd suspect that the answer for "词是最小的_____的语言单位。" is "有意義" but that is not strictly correct because morphemes carry semantics, too. OTOH my guess may be wrong so now for the spoiler...  
> **username_3**: 5. 清廉 ˙8. "我"来办这件事 10. 隱喻  
> **username_2**: 6. I suspect they're going for [狀語 Adverb](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E8%AA%9E) in so far as 關係 can be understood as a verb  
> **username_4**: Write an answer, guys! Make it a community wiki answer if you’re unsure.  
> **username_5**: #2 /m/ is a bilabial nasal 雙唇鼻音.  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_0 on 2022-05-17. Score: 2 | Accepted answer

Community Wiki answer (please edit):

> 1. 现代汉民族共同语是以[**北方话**](https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%AF%AD/5689128)为基础方言。
> 2. 从发音部位分，普通话的声母m属[**双唇鼻音**](https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3/8513213)。
> 3. 词是最小的[**有意义的独立运用的**](https://www.zhihu.com/question/515161836)的语言单位。 (It's not 有意义 by itself; that's
>    [语素](https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0/1321734) = "morpheme".)
> 4. 从结构关系看，“风浪、寒冷、开关”这类词是**并列**式。
> 5. “腐败”的反义词是**清廉**。 (Also possible is **新鲜** and **清明**, according to my dictionary.)
> 6. “关系很密切”中的“密切”是形容词，而在“密切关系”中是**动词**。 (The sentence implies the answer is not 形容词.)

主语、谓语、宾语、状语、补语 etc. are syntactical functions/positions. 名词、形容词、动词、副词 etc. are parts of speech.

密切关系 can be a NP, where 密切 is adj. and 关系 is a noun. ex.我们的密切关系

密切关系 can be a VP, where 密切 is vt. and 关系 is a noun. ex. 我们要密切关系，紧密联系。

Since it's implicitly asking for something other than adj., 动词 is more appropriate.

> 7. 短语“木头房子”的结构关系是**定中关系**。(定语+中心语)
> 8. 句子“这件事我来办。”的主语是“**这件事**”。 (See: [Baidu Baike 主谓谓语句](https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B0%93%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5/999375); the question is likely referring to 全句的主语, which is 这件事.)
> 9. 由“既然……就……”链接的复句是[**因果**](https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/436773342391793684.html)关系。
> 10. 言外之意是指[**没有在话里明说，而是通过暗示手法表达出来的真正意思**](https://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view/1133028)。


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### Answer by username_6 on 2022-05-24. Score: 0

“腐败”的反义词是清廉。 (But 新鲜 is wrong as 新鲜 means fresh)


---

