<p>I think the premise of the question is problematic. Pinyin was not created to teach the sounds of Mandarin to second language learners, so the question of why it is in a certain way that happens to be problematic for second language learners does not have an answer.</p>
<p>For native speaker, there's no problem using &quot;i&quot; for three completely different sounds, because the syllables involved are in complementary distribution, meaning that they never overlap and you can always know which one it is from context. This is similar to how <em>ü</em> drops the diacritic after <em>j/q/x</em>, which is also a problem for second language learners, but not for native speakers.</p>
<p>Why? Because they learn to hear and speak the sounds before they learn to write them. The problem you describe is partly caused by the fact that students learn pronunciation from writing.</p>
<p>The  angle of approach shouldn't be &quot;how is this letter pronounced&quot;, but rather &quot;how is this sound written down&quot;. The problem you bring up can be avoided by focusing on the pronunciation first and then teaching how that pronunciation is written down.</p>
<p>Finally, if you teach the finals as units, things will become even easier. There's no good reason to focus on letters in Pinyin. What about <em>a</em> that is used to write maybe four different sounds? Or <em>e</em>?</p>
<p>There aren't that many finals, so teaching them as whole units is possible. I wrote more about this <a href="https://www.hackingchinese.com/focus-on-initials-and-finals-not-pinyin-spelling/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a> if you're interested.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-02T10:06:49.670Z
You have very good point.  But you forgot why Pinyin was invented: deliberately replacing 注音符号, which is uniquely Chinese.  Romanization of Chinese pronunciation was invented exactly because "Globalization" of Chinese language, for foreigner to learn easily instead of memorizing a whole set of new symbols.  If not so, why spent all the trouble set up a system using foreign alphabets unfamiliar to people。 Frankly, we can't go further because eventually we will touch a very sensitive topic: "politics" because the decision is based on political consideration, not a cultural one.
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-02T11:04:22.683Z
My point was that it was not created to teach pronunciation to foreigners. Or do you mean that it was? In that case, it would be interesting to see what you base that on. Also, note the difference between "writing down how characters are pronounced" and "teaching the sounds of the language".
Olle Linge
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-02T12:52:50.653Z
We are in a situation of chicken and egg.  My point is what is the purpose to introduce a new system of symbols using foreign alphabets when most your people are not familiar with those alphabets (1950's, less than10% of Chinese people are familiar with English).  Why went through all the troubles?  Just for fun?  Do you know anything about 注音符号?  If not, I don't see any point of going further on.  I am one of the not too many Chinese, as non academician,  master both 注音符号 and Pinyin; 繁体字 and 简体字 at the same time.  I think I have better macro view on this topic.
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-02T09:49:12.083Z
2020-10-04T11:00:27.400Z
2020-10-04T11:00:27.400Z
Olle Linge
<p>When devising a writing system to represent the sounds of a specific language, e.g. pinyin for Mandarin Chinese, there is no need to have one symbol representing only one sound. In my very first phonology class, we were given an example in English. Voiceless stops /p/ /t/ /k/ are aspirated at the beginning of a syllable, but become unaspirated when they are after /s/. So phoneme /p/ has more than one pronunciation. Why is there only one symbol? Because, as Poster Olle Linge explains, there is never any confusion in any given situation whether it should be aspirated or unaspirated. And using two symbols would be redundant and confusing to native speakers, and by extension, to second language learners as well. There is no reason to burden them with another redundant symbol. A good system is as simple as possible but not so simple that it loses clarity. If you really need to teach the different nuances in sounds, then perhaps using IPA would serve your purpose. But as far as I know, the average second language learner is not a trained linguist, and likely not well-versed enough in IPA to benefit from that kind of teaching.</p>
<p>The first reaction I had after reading your post was, why on earth would you need to explain that in a language class? The students will be better served by the teacher demonstrating and/or showing how to pronounce the sounds of the language, perhaps by pointing out the differences in the placement of the tongue/ lips, etc. I think Olle Linge provides a very succinct answer to your question. (BTW, I upvoted the answer:)</p>
<p>And on your comment <em>&quot;Do you know anything about 注音符号? If not, I don't see any point of going further on. I am one of the not too many Chinese, as non academician, master both 注音符号 and Pinyin; 繁体字 and 简体字 at the same time. I think I have better macro view on this topic.&quot;</em>(sic)</p>
<p>I don't think it's very nice to challenge his knowledge on Zhuyin &quot;注音符号&quot;. Maybe he knows it well; maybe not, but IMO, one does not need to know Zhuyin to answer this question on Pinyin.</p>
<p>By the way, if you really need to know, I know Zhuyin and Pinyin, traditional as well as simplified Chinese. I don't think a person like me is that difficult to come by, and honestly, these 4 topics aren't exactly rocket science either. I grew up using traditional Chinese characters, and I remember picking up a book in simplified Chinese in my 20s and just started reading. I think I learned it in a few hours. (Going the other direction is a lot harder, unfortunately.) As for Pinyin, I never studied it formally, but just use my ability to speak Mandarin to match the sounds.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-03T23:17:00.260Z
The difficulty comes that Pinyin is using English alphabets as its symbols.  Any one who knows English would instantly try to read the syllables based on English spelling. "you" "iu" and "ui" are confusing enough, now you have to remind your students (some even after 2/3 years of learning Chinese) "Do not pronounce 'i' sound afte z c s zh ch sh r."  This obviously can be avoided by not using "i" at all, better yet, as I suggested, even use "-" (a non English symbol) to show it's not English at all.  I am complaining about the confusion in actual teaching/learning it caused, not the theory.
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-03T23:24:10.180Z
Also, you didn't directly answer my doubt:   what is the purpose to introduce a new system of symbols using foreign alphabets when most your people are not familiar with those alphabets (1950's, less than10% of Chinese people are familiar with English). Why went through all the troubles?  My mentioning of zhuyinfuhao is in comparing view:  changing to a pair of new sneakers while the old pairs are in perfect condition.  Because Olle Linge thought Pinyin is not for foreigners.  If that is the case, it's even worse to create Pinyin.
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T01:21:39.477Z
Would appreciate very much if you can give me an example that a vowel symbol such as /i:/ can be pronounced in 2 different ways.  All you examples are consonants.
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T04:05:42.670Z
Sure. The vowel in "beat" and "bead" are represented by the same symbol /i/. When it's followed by a voiced consonant, it's longer than when it's followed by a voiceless consonant.
monalisa
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T04:31:55.707Z
I mean pronounced entirely different as in [bi] and [zhi] not the variation of long or short, which happens naturally.
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T14:35:55.177Z
Long vs short vowel makes a real difference in the pronunciation of standard English. I do not know what you mean by "variation of long or short, which happens naturally". What is your definition of "variation"? You asked a question, I answered with examples; then you wanted vowel examples, I offered that too; now you're saying it doesn't count. You will probably call any further examples "variations". Please don't play games and know what you want to ask before you ask your question.
monalisa
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T23:50:13.577Z
Sorry for misunderstanding.  My sincere apology.  What I mean is that 2 or more pronunciations under the same vowel that are as distinct and different as the "i" under "bi" and "zhi".
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-03T23:00:14.213Z
2020-10-04T04:06:07.257Z
2020-10-04T04:06:07.257Z
monalisa
<blockquote>
<p>But you forgot why Pinyin was invented: deliberately replacing 注音符号, which is uniquely Chinese.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>again, this info is <strong>incorrect</strong>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Pinyin was not created to teach the sounds of Mandarin to second language learners</p>
</blockquote>
<p>this one is correct.</p>
<p>the history was, after 1919, there were “attempts” to abolish han-chinese characters, and to write them all in latin alphabets, which is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" rel="nofollow noreferrer">romanization of chinese (漢字拉丁化)</a>. some of these were held by the kmt, or communist.</p>
<p>if it was success, a <strong>chinese</strong> book written by <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" rel="nofollow noreferrer">latinxua sin wenz (拉丁化新文字)</a> would be like this:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/ksUIG.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/ksUIG.jpg" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>pinyin is part of this campaign, that, pinyin was created for teaching people (those who were under communist control) to the spoken and listen aspects of the latinised chinese language.</p>
<p>from the wiki:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>1952年2月起，中國文字改革研究委員會在進行漢字<strong>簡化</strong>的研究和方案制訂工作的同時，着手開展了<strong>拼音化</strong>的準備工作，<strong>制訂《漢語拼音方案》</strong>。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>edited.</p>
<p>from a comment:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>on pronunciation side it's Pinyin to replace Zhuyinfuhao, nationalized in 1918 by the government, through several modification, finally settled on the system now at 1932.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>@james liu, <strong>stop to spread false information, please</strong></p>
<p>the “romanization of chinese” wiki stated clearly:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Hanyu Pinyin</strong> has developed from Mao's 1951 directive, through the promulgation on 1 November 1957 of a draft version by the State Council, to its <strong>final form being approved by the State Council in September 1978</strong>, to being <strong>accepted in 1982</strong> by the International Organization for Standardization as the standard for transcribing Chinese.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>John DeFrancis has described <strong>Mao Zedong's belief that pinyin would eventually replace Chinese characters</strong>, but this has not come to pass, and in fact such a plan had already ceased together with the end of Latinxua Sinwenz movement.</p>
</blockquote>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T09:33:52.317Z
That's 2 different cases:  On character side it's 简体字, which indirectly denied 汉字拉丁化 movement (promoted purely by some individuals/scholars); on pronunciation side it's Pinyin to replace Zhuyinfuhao, nationalized in 1918 by the government, through several modification, finally settled on the system now at 1932.  I apologize for misleading the info.  My point is what makes it necessary to reform by using foreign alphabets in replacing a valid and working system.  Is it really necessary?  Is purely cultural consideration or is it part of the "westernization" trend then?
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T10:24:27.777Z
@JamesLiu刘老师, read the provided wiki links, please. the romanisation of chinese are governments (kmt, or communist) supported campaigns.
水巷孑蠻
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T10:41:20.160Z
May I humbly offer truce?  I want to know why the reform from Zhuyinfuhao to Pinyin.  you keep on picking my mistakes which I admitted, but never give me the answer about "why" the reform.  If Pinyin is not aimed at foreigners (even in Wiki, it says the purpose is to catch international standard under ISO 7098), it simply justified my question: why use foreign alphabets to force your people to use it, even just for pronunciation sake?
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T11:06:35.690Z
Thanks a lot of your inputs.  I think I got the answer I want:  The purpose is to standardize the spelling of Chinese sound to use internationally, especially Chinese names, I think, because the ways of spelling the same sound is really chaotic: Chang, Chan, Chen possibly all point to 陈。 Yes, it may not be for foreigners to "learn", but it is still for foreigners and that make the seven spelling with "i" even more unreasonable because almost for sure, they will pronounce wrongly. Ask any foreigner to pronounce Hu Shizhi (famous scholar), what you get?
James Liu 刘老师
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T14:45:47.933Z
You asked, "why use foreign alphabets ..." Answer: Any alphabet used will be a "foreign alphabet". Chinese is not a phonetic language and does not have a "non-foreign" alphabet.
monalisa
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-04T06:45:46.773Z
2020-10-04T10:35:52.397Z
2020-10-04T10:35:52.397Z
水巷孑蠻
<p>In teaching 汉语拼音，the biggest headache is how to explain the &quot;i&quot; after the 7 独立音节 should not be pronounced same way as in &quot;bi&quot; &quot;pi&quot; &quot;mi&quot; ... etc.  A very serious mistake in semiotics, i.e. one symbol stands for two different contents.  Sometimes I am so upset that I want to shout :which genius ivented this?&quot;  It is not difficult to explain the concept of 独立音节 because I can always ask my students try to prolong the pronunciation of &quot;zh&quot;, for example, here, you get what I called 自然韵。 But why use &quot;i&quot; for 自然韵？ Even &quot;zh-&quot; is better than &quot;zhi&quot;.  The time I spent to teach this!!!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-10-02T14:33:23.597Z
Pedagogically, a good tip is to emphasise that in western languages (I'm thinking more Spanish and Italian than English), _vowel letters soften consonant letters_; in 汉语拼音, _consonant letters contract / shift vowel letters_.
Michaelyus
<pronunciation><pinyin>
Why use "i" to represent 自然韵？
# Why use "i" to represent 自然韵？

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-10-01)

In teaching 汉语拼音，the biggest headache is how to explain the "i" after the 7 独立音节 should not be pronounced same way as in "bi" "pi" "mi" ... etc. A very serious mistake in semiotics, i.e. one symbol stands for two different contents. Sometimes I am so upset that I want to shout :which genius ivented this?" It is not difficult to explain the concept of 独立音节 because I can always ask my students try to prolong the pronunciation of "zh", for example, here, you get what I called 自然韵。 But why use "i" for 自然韵？ Even "zh-" is better than "zhi". The time I spent to teach this!!!

**Tags:** pronunciation, pinyin
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Pedagogically, a good tip is to emphasise that in western languages (I'm thinking more Spanish and Italian than English), _vowel letters soften consonant letters_; in 汉语拼音, _consonant letters contract / shift vowel letters_.  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2020-10-02. Score: 5

I think the premise of the question is problematic. Pinyin was not created to teach the sounds of Mandarin to second language learners, so the question of why it is in a certain way that happens to be problematic for second language learners does not have an answer.

For native speaker, there's no problem using "i" for three completely different sounds, because the syllables involved are in complementary distribution, meaning that they never overlap and you can always know which one it is from context. This is similar to how *ü* drops the diacritic after *j/q/x*, which is also a problem for second language learners, but not for native speakers.

Why? Because they learn to hear and speak the sounds before they learn to write them. The problem you describe is partly caused by the fact that students learn pronunciation from writing.

The angle of approach shouldn't be "how is this letter pronounced", but rather "how is this sound written down". The problem you bring up can be avoided by focusing on the pronunciation first and then teaching how that pronunciation is written down.

Finally, if you teach the finals as units, things will become even easier. There's no good reason to focus on letters in Pinyin. What about *a* that is used to write maybe four different sounds? Or *e*?

There aren't that many finals, so teaching them as whole units is possible. I wrote more about this [here](https://www.hackingchinese.com/focus-on-initials-and-finals-not-pinyin-spelling/) if you're interested.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: You have very good point.  But you forgot why Pinyin was invented: deliberately replacing 注音符号, which is uniquely Chinese.  Romanization of Chinese pronunciation was invented exactly because "Globalization" of Chinese language, for foreigner to learn easily instead of memorizing a whole set of new symbols.  If not so, why spent all the trouble set up a system using foreign alphabets unfamiliar to people。 Frankly, we can't go further because eventually we will touch a very sensitive topic: "politics" because the decision is based on political consideration, not a cultural one.  
> **username_2**: My point was that it was not created to teach pronunciation to foreigners. Or do you mean that it was? In that case, it would be interesting to see what you base that on. Also, note the difference between "writing down how characters are pronounced" and "teaching the sounds of the language".  
> **username_0**: We are in a situation of chicken and egg.  My point is what is the purpose to introduce a new system of symbols using foreign alphabets when most your people are not familiar with those alphabets (1950's, less than10% of Chinese people are familiar with English).  Why went through all the troubles?  Just for fun?  Do you know anything about 注音符号?  If not, I don't see any point of going further on.  I am one of the not too many Chinese, as non academician,  master both 注音符号 and Pinyin; 繁体字 and 简体字 at the same time.  I think I have better macro view on this topic.  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2020-10-03. Score: 1

When devising a writing system to represent the sounds of a specific language, e.g. pinyin for Mandarin Chinese, there is no need to have one symbol representing only one sound. In my very first phonology class, we were given an example in English. Voiceless stops /p/ /t/ /k/ are aspirated at the beginning of a syllable, but become unaspirated when they are after /s/. So phoneme /p/ has more than one pronunciation. Why is there only one symbol? Because, as Poster Olle Linge explains, there is never any confusion in any given situation whether it should be aspirated or unaspirated. And using two symbols would be redundant and confusing to native speakers, and by extension, to second language learners as well. There is no reason to burden them with another redundant symbol. A good system is as simple as possible but not so simple that it loses clarity. If you really need to teach the different nuances in sounds, then perhaps using IPA would serve your purpose. But as far as I know, the average second language learner is not a trained linguist, and likely not well-versed enough in IPA to benefit from that kind of teaching.

The first reaction I had after reading your post was, why on earth would you need to explain that in a language class? The students will be better served by the teacher demonstrating and/or showing how to pronounce the sounds of the language, perhaps by pointing out the differences in the placement of the tongue/ lips, etc. I think Olle Linge provides a very succinct answer to your question. (BTW, I upvoted the answer:)

And on your comment *"Do you know anything about 注音符号? If not, I don't see any point of going further on. I am one of the not too many Chinese, as non academician, master both 注音符号 and Pinyin; 繁体字 and 简体字 at the same time. I think I have better macro view on this topic."*(sic)

I don't think it's very nice to challenge his knowledge on Zhuyin "注音符号". Maybe he knows it well; maybe not, but IMO, one does not need to know Zhuyin to answer this question on Pinyin.

By the way, if you really need to know, I know Zhuyin and Pinyin, traditional as well as simplified Chinese. I don't think a person like me is that difficult to come by, and honestly, these 4 topics aren't exactly rocket science either. I grew up using traditional Chinese characters, and I remember picking up a book in simplified Chinese in my 20s and just started reading. I think I learned it in a few hours. (Going the other direction is a lot harder, unfortunately.) As for Pinyin, I never studied it formally, but just use my ability to speak Mandarin to match the sounds.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: The difficulty comes that Pinyin is using English alphabets as its symbols.  Any one who knows English would instantly try to read the syllables based on English spelling. "you" "iu" and "ui" are confusing enough, now you have to remind your students (some even after 2/3 years of learning Chinese) "Do not pronounce 'i' sound afte z c s zh ch sh r."  This obviously can be avoided by not using "i" at all, better yet, as I suggested, even use "-" (a non English symbol) to show it's not English at all.  I am complaining about the confusion in actual teaching/learning it caused, not the theory.  
> **username_0**: Also, you didn't directly answer my doubt:   what is the purpose to introduce a new system of symbols using foreign alphabets when most your people are not familiar with those alphabets (1950's, less than10% of Chinese people are familiar with English). Why went through all the troubles?  My mentioning of zhuyinfuhao is in comparing view:  changing to a pair of new sneakers while the old pairs are in perfect condition.  Because Olle Linge thought Pinyin is not for foreigners.  If that is the case, it's even worse to create Pinyin.  
> **username_0**: Would appreciate very much if you can give me an example that a vowel symbol such as /i:/ can be pronounced in 2 different ways.  All you examples are consonants.  
> **username_3**: Sure. The vowel in "beat" and "bead" are represented by the same symbol /i/. When it's followed by a voiced consonant, it's longer than when it's followed by a voiceless consonant.  
> **username_0**: I mean pronounced entirely different as in [bi] and [zhi] not the variation of long or short, which happens naturally.  
> **username_3**: Long vs short vowel makes a real difference in the pronunciation of standard English. I do not know what you mean by "variation of long or short, which happens naturally". What is your definition of "variation"? You asked a question, I answered with examples; then you wanted vowel examples, I offered that too; now you're saying it doesn't count. You will probably call any further examples "variations". Please don't play games and know what you want to ask before you ask your question.  
> **username_0**: Sorry for misunderstanding.  My sincere apology.  What I mean is that 2 or more pronunciations under the same vowel that are as distinct and different as the "i" under "bi" and "zhi".  

---

### Answer by username_4 on 2020-10-04. Score: 0

> But you forgot why Pinyin was invented: deliberately replacing 注音符号, which is uniquely Chinese.

again, this info is **incorrect**.

> Pinyin was not created to teach the sounds of Mandarin to second language learners

this one is correct.

the history was, after 1919, there were “attempts” to abolish han-chinese characters, and to write them all in latin alphabets, which is the [romanization of chinese (漢字拉丁化)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese). some of these were held by the kmt, or communist.

if it was success, a **chinese** book written by [latinxua sin wenz (拉丁化新文字)](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97) would be like this:

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/ksUIG.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/ksUIG.jpg)

pinyin is part of this campaign, that, pinyin was created for teaching people (those who were under communist control) to the spoken and listen aspects of the latinised chinese language.

from the wiki:

> 1952年2月起，中國文字改革研究委員會在進行漢字**簡化**的研究和方案制訂工作的同時，着手開展了**拼音化**的準備工作，**制訂《漢語拼音方案》**。

edited.

from a comment:

> on pronunciation side it's Pinyin to replace Zhuyinfuhao, nationalized in 1918 by the government, through several modification, finally settled on the system now at 1932.

@james liu, **stop to spread false information, please**

the “romanization of chinese” wiki stated clearly:

> **Hanyu Pinyin** has developed from Mao's 1951 directive, through the promulgation on 1 November 1957 of a draft version by the State Council, to its **final form being approved by the State Council in September 1978**, to being **accepted in 1982** by the International Organization for Standardization as the standard for transcribing Chinese.

> John DeFrancis has described **Mao Zedong's belief that pinyin would eventually replace Chinese characters**, but this has not come to pass, and in fact such a plan had already ceased together with the end of Latinxua Sinwenz movement.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: That's 2 different cases:  On character side it's 简体字, which indirectly denied 汉字拉丁化 movement (promoted purely by some individuals/scholars); on pronunciation side it's Pinyin to replace Zhuyinfuhao, nationalized in 1918 by the government, through several modification, finally settled on the system now at 1932.  I apologize for misleading the info.  My point is what makes it necessary to reform by using foreign alphabets in replacing a valid and working system.  Is it really necessary?  Is purely cultural consideration or is it part of the "westernization" trend then?  
> **username_4**: @JamesLiu刘老师, read the provided wiki links, please. the romanisation of chinese are governments (kmt, or communist) supported campaigns.  
> **username_0**: May I humbly offer truce?  I want to know why the reform from Zhuyinfuhao to Pinyin.  you keep on picking my mistakes which I admitted, but never give me the answer about "why" the reform.  If Pinyin is not aimed at foreigners (even in Wiki, it says the purpose is to catch international standard under ISO 7098), it simply justified my question: why use foreign alphabets to force your people to use it, even just for pronunciation sake?  
> **username_0**: Thanks a lot of your inputs.  I think I got the answer I want:  The purpose is to standardize the spelling of Chinese sound to use internationally, especially Chinese names, I think, because the ways of spelling the same sound is really chaotic: Chang, Chan, Chen possibly all point to 陈。 Yes, it may not be for foreigners to "learn", but it is still for foreigners and that make the seven spelling with "i" even more unreasonable because almost for sure, they will pronounce wrongly. Ask any foreigner to pronounce Hu Shizhi (famous scholar), what you get?  
> **username_3**: You asked, "why use foreign alphabets ..." Answer: Any alphabet used will be a "foreign alphabet". Chinese is not a phonetic language and does not have a "non-foreign" alphabet.  

---

