<p>Eventually, it all boils down to how precise the location needs to be.</p>
<p><strong>Case 1: Precision is not required</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>這座城市發展迅速。Regarding this city, it is developing really quickly.<br>
*這座城市裡發展迅速。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I don't really need to localise <em>where</em> in the city is developing really quickly. It just is as a whole. It's a generic description requiring no localisers.</p>
<p><strong>Case 2: Precision is required</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>婚姻是被圍困的城堡，城<strong>外</strong>的人想衝進去，城<strong>裡</strong>的人想逃出來。（改自《圍城》）<br>
*婚姻是被圍困的城堡，城的人想衝進去，城的人想逃出來。<br>
Marriage is like a fortress besieged: those who are <em>outside</em> want to get in, and those who are <em>inside</em> want to get out. (adapted from <em>Fortress Besieged</em>)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>For this quote to work, it is crucial to contrast between people that are <em>outside</em> and <em>inside</em> the fortress. Also, monosyllabic words tend to compound with localisers in modern Chinese (e.g. <code>桌上</code>, <code>窗外</code>), so that is another point of consideration.</p>
<p><strong>Case 3: Precision is optional</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>住在大城市的人普遍比較有錢。 Those living in big cities are generally wealthier. <br>
住在大城市裡的人普遍比較有錢。 Those living inside big cities are generally wealthier.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The first sentence sounds like a general description. Some may think <code>裡</code> in the second sentence is redundant, but it's not as wrong as the example sentence in Case 1. Because technically, 'people of big cities' <em>are</em> 'people living <em>inside</em> big cities'. So precision here is optional.</p>
<hr />
<p>With these in mind, let us look at your sentences.</p>
<ol>
<li>Very generic description, hence case 1.</li>
<li>Less generic description; I'd say case 3. If you had said <code>我剛到美國的時候只能在餐館的廚房裡洗碗賺錢</code>, then localising the kitchen with <code>裡</code> is perhaps more justified than localising the restaurant itself.</li>
<li>Similar to above, case 3.</li>
<li>Case 2. The verb <code>貼</code> (to paste) is a rather fine action. The object requires a localiser.</li>
<li>Case 2. Monosyllabism of <code>門</code>.</li>
<li>Case 3. Attendants of the shop are attendants inside the shop. Precision is optional.</li>
</ol>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-06-09T01:25:51.230Z
2021-06-09T01:25:51.230Z
L Parker
<blockquote>
<p>The first example doesn't need a localizer to specify it is 'in' a location</p>
</blockquote>
<p>今年夏天我在北京学习中文。- it doesn't need a localizer to indicate it is in Beijing --  no one would think it is in front of or above the city</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The second two examples also stating an unspecified location</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我刚到美国的时候只能在餐馆打零工 - It can be any restaurant; no one would think it is in front of or above a restaurant, so a localizer is not needed</p>
<p>他不在餐馆打工了 - It can be any restaurant, and no one would think it is in front of or above the restaurant, so a localizer is not needed</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The next three examples stating a specified location</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我要在CSE上贴我的问题 - CSE is a specific website</p>
<p>If you wrote 我要在 Facebook 上贴我的问题. That would imply you are posting your question on your own Facebook page</p>
<p>If you wrote 我要在 Facebook 贴我的问题, then it could mean you are posting on anyone's page on Facebook</p>
<p>他写了一个便条在门上 - '上 (on)' in &quot;writing a note on a door&quot; is required to indicate it is on the surface specifically,</p>
<p>他貼了一个便条在门後 - '後 (behind)' in &quot;posted a note behind the door&quot; is required to indicate it is behind the door specifically</p>
<p>他藏了一張便条在门內 - '內 (inside)' in &quot;he hid a note inside the door&quot;  is required to indicate it is inside the door specifically</p>
<p>商店里的服务员对顾客都非常客气 - If you wrote 商店的服务员对顾客都非常客气, it could mean all or any store</p>
<p>In conclusion: You need a localizer when you need to indicate a specific location (e.g. in, on, behind, or above a door); you don't need a localizer when you don't need to indicate a specific location (e.g. '在北京' can only mean 'in Beijing')</p>
<p>More examples:</p>
<p>'在北京上空出現 UFO' cannot be reduced to '在北京出現 UFO' (that would imply UFO is found in the city)</p>
<p>'在天空出現 UFO' doesn't need '裡' to indicate it is in the sky, but you can still write '在天空上出現 UFO' to stress it is 'the sky above' or '在天空中出現 UFO' to stress it is in the middle of the sky</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-06-08T19:39:44.990Z
2021-06-10T04:19:59.103Z
2021-06-10T04:19:59.103Z
Tang Ho
<p>It is rather easy to determine when to use 在, 上, 下, 中, 裡 through their English equivalents.</p>
<p>在 - in, at</p>
<p>在...上(下) - on top/bottom of something. 上 is &quot;top&quot;, 下 is &quot;bottom&quot;.</p>
<p>在...中 - in between something, or among several things (在中間, 在其中). 中 is &quot;middle&quot;.</p>
<p>在...裡 - inside of something (在這裡, 在那裡). 裡 is &quot;inside&quot;.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-06-10T05:05:42.920Z
I cannot find any example of 在北京里 People laughed when I asked！Would that mean "inside Beijing"? 在饭店里，在教室里
Pedroski
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-06-10T12:05:25.370Z
It is not perfect, but acceptable - "在北京里好玩的地方很多". The better "在北京城里好玩的地方很多". Also "在北京, 好玩的地方很多" is fine.
r13
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-06-09T22:01:38.737Z
2021-06-09T22:11:05.750Z
2021-06-09T22:11:05.750Z
r13
<blockquote>
<p>今年夏天我在北京学习中文。（no localizer, just <strong>在北京</strong>）</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>我刚到美国的时候只能在餐馆打零工。（no localizer, just <strong>在餐馆</strong>）</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>他不在餐馆打工了。（no localizer, just <strong>在餐馆</strong>）</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>BUT</strong>　</p>
<blockquote>
<p>我要在CSE上贴我的问题。（<strong>在Chinese Stack Exchange上</strong>）</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>他写了一个便条在门上。（<strong>在门上</strong>）</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>商店里的服务员对顾客都非常客气。（<strong>在商店里</strong>）</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When is one allowed to omit localizers and, alternatively, when are they necessary?</p>

<grammar>
When is it okay to omit the localizer (e.g. 上、下、中、里）in the standard 【Subject + 在 + Location + Localizer】sentence pattern?
# When is it okay to omit the localizer (e.g. 上、下、中、里）in the standard 【Subject + 在 + Location + Localizer】sentence pattern?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-06-08)

> 今年夏天我在北京学习中文。（no localizer, just **在北京**）

> 我刚到美国的时候只能在餐馆打零工。（no localizer, just **在餐馆**）

> 他不在餐馆打工了。（no localizer, just **在餐馆**）

**BUT**

> 我要在CSE上贴我的问题。（**在Chinese Stack Exchange上**）

> 他写了一个便条在门上。（**在门上**）

> 商店里的服务员对顾客都非常客气。（**在商店里**）

When is one allowed to omit localizers and, alternatively, when are they necessary?

**Tags:** grammar

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2021-06-09. Score: 1 | Accepted answer

Eventually, it all boils down to how precise the location needs to be.

**Case 1: Precision is not required**

> 這座城市發展迅速。Regarding this city, it is developing really quickly.  
> \*這座城市裡發展迅速。

I don't really need to localise *where* in the city is developing really quickly. It just is as a whole. It's a generic description requiring no localisers.

**Case 2: Precision is required**

> 婚姻是被圍困的城堡，城**外**的人想衝進去，城**裡**的人想逃出來。（改自《圍城》）  
> \*婚姻是被圍困的城堡，城的人想衝進去，城的人想逃出來。  
> Marriage is like a fortress besieged: those who are *outside* want to get in, and those who are *inside* want to get out. (adapted from *Fortress Besieged*)

For this quote to work, it is crucial to contrast between people that are *outside* and *inside* the fortress. Also, monosyllabic words tend to compound with localisers in modern Chinese (e.g. `桌上`, `窗外`), so that is another point of consideration.

**Case 3: Precision is optional**

> 住在大城市的人普遍比較有錢。 Those living in big cities are generally wealthier.   
> 住在大城市裡的人普遍比較有錢。 Those living inside big cities are generally wealthier.

The first sentence sounds like a general description. Some may think `裡` in the second sentence is redundant, but it's not as wrong as the example sentence in Case 1. Because technically, 'people of big cities' *are* 'people living *inside* big cities'. So precision here is optional.

---

With these in mind, let us look at your sentences.

1. Very generic description, hence case 1.
2. Less generic description; I'd say case 3. If you had said `我剛到美國的時候只能在餐館的廚房裡洗碗賺錢`, then localising the kitchen with `裡` is perhaps more justified than localising the restaurant itself.
3. Similar to above, case 3.
4. Case 2. The verb `貼` (to paste) is a rather fine action. The object requires a localiser.
5. Case 2. Monosyllabism of `門`.
6. Case 3. Attendants of the shop are attendants inside the shop. Precision is optional.


---

### Answer by username_2 on 2021-06-08. Score: 1

> The first example doesn't need a localizer to specify it is 'in' a location

今年夏天我在北京学习中文。- it doesn't need a localizer to indicate it is in Beijing -- no one would think it is in front of or above the city

> The second two examples also stating an unspecified location

我刚到美国的时候只能在餐馆打零工 - It can be any restaurant; no one would think it is in front of or above a restaurant, so a localizer is not needed

他不在餐馆打工了 - It can be any restaurant, and no one would think it is in front of or above the restaurant, so a localizer is not needed

> The next three examples stating a specified location

我要在CSE上贴我的问题 - CSE is a specific website

If you wrote 我要在 Facebook 上贴我的问题. That would imply you are posting your question on your own Facebook page

If you wrote 我要在 Facebook 贴我的问题, then it could mean you are posting on anyone's page on Facebook

他写了一个便条在门上 - '上 (on)' in "writing a note on a door" is required to indicate it is on the surface specifically,

他貼了一个便条在门後 - '後 (behind)' in "posted a note behind the door" is required to indicate it is behind the door specifically

他藏了一張便条在门內 - '內 (inside)' in "he hid a note inside the door" is required to indicate it is inside the door specifically

商店里的服务员对顾客都非常客气 - If you wrote 商店的服务员对顾客都非常客气, it could mean all or any store

In conclusion: You need a localizer when you need to indicate a specific location (e.g. in, on, behind, or above a door); you don't need a localizer when you don't need to indicate a specific location (e.g. '在北京' can only mean 'in Beijing')

More examples:

'在北京上空出現 UFO' cannot be reduced to '在北京出現 UFO' (that would imply UFO is found in the city)

'在天空出現 UFO' doesn't need '裡' to indicate it is in the sky, but you can still write '在天空上出現 UFO' to stress it is 'the sky above' or '在天空中出現 UFO' to stress it is in the middle of the sky


---

### Answer by username_3 on 2021-06-09. Score: 1

It is rather easy to determine when to use 在, 上, 下, 中, 裡 through their English equivalents.

在 - in, at

在...上(下) - on top/bottom of something. 上 is "top", 下 is "bottom".

在...中 - in between something, or among several things (在中間, 在其中). 中 is "middle".

在...裡 - inside of something (在這裡, 在那裡). 裡 is "inside".

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: I cannot find any example of 在北京里 People laughed when I asked！Would that mean "inside Beijing"? 在饭店里，在教室里  
> **username_3**: It is not perfect, but acceptable - "在北京里好玩的地方很多". The better "在北京城里好玩的地方很多". Also "在北京, 好玩的地方很多" is fine.  

---

