<p>I have read the original question and the posts. I think they are very good.</p>

<p>I would like to look at the questions from the following aspects, since the original question involved multiple concepts.</p>

<p>(1) Tone change when there are two consecutive tone-3 syllables. It is the first syllable that changes to tone-2.</p>

<p>你好, Ni3 Hao3 -> Ni2 Hao3</p>

<p>孔子, Kong3 Zi3 -> Kong2 Zi3 (古代先师，子=教授)</p>

<p>老子, Lao3 Zi3 -> Lao2 Zi3 (古代先师，子=教授)</p>

<p>(2) Tone change to neutral (tone-5 or tone-0) when there are (a) -Er2, (b) -Zi3, (c) duplication, means the syllable is followed by 儿, 子, or repeating itself, such as 姐姐, 爸爸. In this case, the second syllable becomes (tone-5 or tone-0). The first syllable does not change.</p>

<p>椅子, Yi3 Zi3 -> Yi3 Zi</p>

<p>本子, Ben3 Zi3 -> Ben3 Zi</p>

<p>老子, Lao3 Zi3 -> Lao3 Zi (爸爸，粗话的说法)</p>

<p>*But 孔子, 老子 is not in this category.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-02-04T18:19:34.143Z
2015-02-04T18:19:34.143Z
PdotWang
<p>This rule is not so strict, as in my specification, we never pronounce 甲苯（methylbenzene）,乙苯(ethylbenzene), 苯甲酸(acetic acid) in that fashion, though no ambiguity is produced, it is just weird and funny to pronounce so.</p>

<p>However, for familiar words like 奶奶，姐姐, the other extreme is present, which is they are always pronounced as 21-5. (In my opinion, this is an abbreviation of 3rd tones (214) rather than sandhi, as sandhi actually refers to the change of nasal sound between [n] &amp; [m] according to the consonant after it.) This may be due to the level of serenity of words.</p>

<p>For 孔子 and 老子, who are generally regarded 圣贤 and widely respected, it is just improper to do so. (By the way, in the case of 老子, pronouncing it in 21-5 literally means "your father", which is "I" in a very rude way, contrary to 小子, also pronounced 21-5) The only people I have ever know was my professor of classical Chinese, maybe to add some humor to the classroom or just because he himself is "familiar" with them， being old friends in books for him.</p>

<hr>

<p>两个三声(214)碰在一起合为21-5这一规则并不是强制性的。在化学当中，“甲苯”、“乙苯”、“苯甲酸”这些名词永远也不会用这种方式合韵，这样虽然不会产生歧义，但是怪得很！</p>

<p>但是“姐姐”、“奶奶”这些常用名词就一定要合韵。这种差别可能在于语境的高低。</p>

<p>孔子、老子是古代的圣贤，并且被广泛地尊重，所以用21-5的调子去读很不严肃。（顺带一提，“老子”用21-5来读，字面上变为“你父亲”，实际是“我”的意思，是很没有教养的表达方式，与“小子”相对。）实际上，我长那么大唯一一次听到别人这么说的，是我的古汉语老师。但是他那是为了给课堂增加幽默气氛，并且，老子和孔子对于他而言是在书本当中熟识的老朋友。</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-01-18T06:04:28.710Z
I must clarify the strict expression of tones in mandarin Chinese here: 1st tone=55=第一声=阴平, 2nd tone=35=第二声=阳平, 3rd tone=214 (also longer in time)=第三声=上声, 4th tone=51=第四声=去声, voiceless tone=5 (half duration)=轻声
Joseph S WU
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-01-18T14:24:11.957Z
Thanks.  I like the numerical representation of tones and wish it were more widely used.  Most intro books today do not even acknowledge the existence of 21 for the third tone in some contexts.  But to be clear, are you saying your professor of classical Chinese did pronounce 孔子 as 21-5?
Colin McLarty
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-01-18T21:26:07.693Z
@ColinMcLarty To make sure there is no confusion, this answer is consistent with the other Q/A you've linked in the question, and stated 孔子/老子 should be pronounced with two 3rd tones (sandhi applies to the first character and pronounce like 2nd tone). Pronouncing the second character as neutral tone gives the word a different meaning and is inappropriate (when read like this, 孔子="hole-y" and 老子="who's your daddy").
NS.X.
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-01-18T21:56:45.943Z
@ColinMcLarty yes, but he was intentional because it makes him to appear more funny.
Joseph S WU
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-31T06:15:47.060Z
Tone sandhi does happen in the listed chemical terms. (Sorry to dig up such an old post ...)
fefe
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-01-18T05:59:38.063Z
2014-01-18T21:57:38.463Z
2014-01-18T21:57:38.463Z
Joseph S WU
<p>In the name Kongzi, 孔子, it seems to me that people often pronounce Kong with third tone (low-falling form) and zi with no tone, like a lot of final syllables.  Officially both syllables are third tone.  So is the rule for sandhi with successive third tones inactive when the second of the syllables is pronounced toneless?</p>

<p>The answer to <a href="https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/1875/how-does-tone-sandhi-apply-in-peoples-names">How does tone sandhi apply in people&#39;s names?</a> suggests it should be pronounced by the general rule so Kong gets rising tone and zi falling-rising as suits a third tone in final position.  Maybe just my ear is bad for tones.  It is pretty bad. Or maybe my friends are getting it wrong.   So I thought I'd ask here.</p>

<tones><sandhi>
Tone sandhi before a toneless final syllable
# Tone sandhi before a toneless final syllable

(Asked by: username_0 on 2014-01-18)

In the name Kongzi, 孔子, it seems to me that people often pronounce Kong with third tone (low-falling form) and zi with no tone, like a lot of final syllables. Officially both syllables are third tone. So is the rule for sandhi with successive third tones inactive when the second of the syllables is pronounced toneless?

The answer to [How does tone sandhi apply in people's names?](https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/1875/how-does-tone-sandhi-apply-in-peoples-names) suggests it should be pronounced by the general rule so Kong gets rising tone and zi falling-rising as suits a third tone in final position. Maybe just my ear is bad for tones. It is pretty bad. Or maybe my friends are getting it wrong. So I thought I'd ask here.

**Tags:** tones, sandhi

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2014-01-18. Score: 5 | Accepted answer

This rule is not so strict, as in my specification, we never pronounce 甲苯（methylbenzene）,乙苯(ethylbenzene), 苯甲酸(acetic acid) in that fashion, though no ambiguity is produced, it is just weird and funny to pronounce so.

However, for familiar words like 奶奶，姐姐, the other extreme is present, which is they are always pronounced as 21-5. (In my opinion, this is an abbreviation of 3rd tones (214) rather than sandhi, as sandhi actually refers to the change of nasal sound between [n] & [m] according to the consonant after it.) This may be due to the level of serenity of words.

For 孔子 and 老子, who are generally regarded 圣贤 and widely respected, it is just improper to do so. (By the way, in the case of 老子, pronouncing it in 21-5 literally means "your father", which is "I" in a very rude way, contrary to 小子, also pronounced 21-5) The only people I have ever know was my professor of classical Chinese, maybe to add some humor to the classroom or just because he himself is "familiar" with them， being old friends in books for him.

---

两个三声(214)碰在一起合为21-5这一规则并不是强制性的。在化学当中，“甲苯”、“乙苯”、“苯甲酸”这些名词永远也不会用这种方式合韵，这样虽然不会产生歧义，但是怪得很！

但是“姐姐”、“奶奶”这些常用名词就一定要合韵。这种差别可能在于语境的高低。

孔子、老子是古代的圣贤，并且被广泛地尊重，所以用21-5的调子去读很不严肃。（顺带一提，“老子”用21-5来读，字面上变为“你父亲”，实际是“我”的意思，是很没有教养的表达方式，与“小子”相对。）实际上，我长那么大唯一一次听到别人这么说的，是我的古汉语老师。但是他那是为了给课堂增加幽默气氛，并且，老子和孔子对于他而言是在书本当中熟识的老朋友。

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: I must clarify the strict expression of tones in mandarin Chinese here: 1st tone=55=第一声=阴平, 2nd tone=35=第二声=阳平, 3rd tone=214 (also longer in time)=第三声=上声, 4th tone=51=第四声=去声, voiceless tone=5 (half duration)=轻声  
> **username_0**: Thanks.  I like the numerical representation of tones and wish it were more widely used.  Most intro books today do not even acknowledge the existence of 21 for the third tone in some contexts.  But to be clear, are you saying your professor of classical Chinese did pronounce 孔子 as 21-5?  
> **username_3**: @ColinMcLarty To make sure there is no confusion, this answer is consistent with the other Q/A you've linked in the question, and stated 孔子/老子 should be pronounced with two 3rd tones (sandhi applies to the first character and pronounce like 2nd tone). Pronouncing the second character as neutral tone gives the word a different meaning and is inappropriate (when read like this, 孔子="hole-y" and 老子="who's your daddy").  
> **username_2**: @ColinMcLarty yes, but he was intentional because it makes him to appear more funny.  
> **username_4**: Tone sandhi does happen in the listed chemical terms. (Sorry to dig up such an old post ...)  

---

### Answer by username_1 on 2015-02-04. Score: 0

I have read the original question and the posts. I think they are very good.

I would like to look at the questions from the following aspects, since the original question involved multiple concepts.

(1) Tone change when there are two consecutive tone-3 syllables. It is the first syllable that changes to tone-2.

你好, Ni3 Hao3 -> Ni2 Hao3

孔子, Kong3 Zi3 -> Kong2 Zi3 (古代先师，子=教授)

老子, Lao3 Zi3 -> Lao2 Zi3 (古代先师，子=教授)

(2) Tone change to neutral (tone-5 or tone-0) when there are (a) -Er2, (b) -Zi3, (c) duplication, means the syllable is followed by 儿, 子, or repeating itself, such as 姐姐, 爸爸. In this case, the second syllable becomes (tone-5 or tone-0). The first syllable does not change.

椅子, Yi3 Zi3 -> Yi3 Zi

本子, Ben3 Zi3 -> Ben3 Zi

老子, Lao3 Zi3 -> Lao3 Zi (爸爸，粗话的说法)

\*But 孔子, 老子 is not in this category.


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