<ul>
<li><p>努力 can be a noun for 'great effort' or a verb for 'to strive/ to work hard' </p></li>
<li><p>努力地 (in a hard working manner) is 努力's adverb form </p></li>
</ul>

<p>The sentence "他努力工作"  omitted '地' in  "他努力(地)工作" (he works in a hard working manner)</p>

<ul>
<li><p>用功 is also a verb for 'work hard'</p></li>
<li><p>用功地 (in a hard working manner) is 用功's adverb form</p></li>
</ul>

<p>The sentence "他应该用功学习"  omitted '地' in "他应该用功(地)学习" (he should study in a hard working manner)</p>

<p>Examples of 努力; 用功 as verb:</p>

<p>"他在努力" - "He is working hard"</p>

<p>"不要阻他用功" - "Don't stop him from working/ study hard"</p>

<p><em>Most common usage of 用功 is  "to study hard"</em></p>

<p><strong>Edit:</strong> </p>

<blockquote>
  <p><em>can you omit anytime with any adjective you use as an adverb?</em></p>
</blockquote>

<p>It depend on the context</p>

<ul>
<li><p>強烈 (strong)</p></li>
<li><p>強烈地 (strongly) </p></li>
</ul>

<p>Look at the following two sentences:</p>

<ol>
<li><p>"強烈反對" = [強烈(adj)+反對(n)] = "strong objection" </p></li>
<li><p>"強烈地反對" = [強烈地(adv)+反對(v)] =  "strongly object"</p></li>
</ol>

<p>If you omit 地 in sentence #2, it would become the same as sentence #1 . We would not know "強力反對" mean "strong objection" or  "strongly object". </p>

<p>But with enough context, we can tell which is which.</p>

<p>"(他)強烈反對" = "(He) strongly objects" - <em>With the subject "<strong>he</strong>", we know 強烈反對 must be [adverb +verb]</em> . Therefore, we can omit the adverb marker '地' in "(他)強烈(地)反對"</p>

<p>"(他的)強烈反對" = "(his) strong objection" - <em>With the possessive pronoun "<strong>his</strong>" , we know 強烈反對 must be [adj + noun]</em></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-07-14T10:58:43.000Z
Very good answer. Now i got it clear. I did not know the 地 could be omitted. With this words is the first time i see it. ?can you omit anytime with any adjective you use as an adverb?
ANTXON
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-07-14T11:56:53.333Z
@ANXTON Please see my edition at the bottom of my post.
Tang Ho
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-07-17T07:19:04.460Z
Thanks again very good post
ANTXON
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-07-14T08:39:15.127Z
2019-07-14T11:40:37.423Z
2019-07-14T11:40:37.423Z
Tang Ho
<p>In the sentences 他努力工作 and 他应该用功学习.</p>

<p>努力 is an adjective, or a verb. In Pleco only has this two options but it seems to be a adverb, that modifies the verb 工作. Or is 工作 a verb and both are verbs?</p>

<p>I heard my teacher say 用功 that it is not an adjective in the above sentence. </p>

<p>Any clues?</p>

<grammar>
努力工作 用功学习 adjective, verb or adverb
# 努力工作 用功学习 adjective, verb or adverb

(Asked by: username_0 on 2019-07-14)

In the sentences 他努力工作 and 他应该用功学习.

努力 is an adjective, or a verb. In Pleco only has this two options but it seems to be a adverb, that modifies the verb 工作. Or is 工作 a verb and both are verbs?

I heard my teacher say 用功 that it is not an adjective in the above sentence.

Any clues?

**Tags:** grammar

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2019-07-14. Score: 3

* 努力 can be a noun for 'great effort' or a verb for 'to strive/ to work hard'
* 努力地 (in a hard working manner) is 努力's adverb form

The sentence "他努力工作" omitted '地' in "他努力(地)工作" (he works in a hard working manner)

* 用功 is also a verb for 'work hard'
* 用功地 (in a hard working manner) is 用功's adverb form

The sentence "他应该用功学习" omitted '地' in "他应该用功(地)学习" (he should study in a hard working manner)

Examples of 努力; 用功 as verb:

"他在努力" - "He is working hard"

"不要阻他用功" - "Don't stop him from working/ study hard"

*Most common usage of 用功 is "to study hard"*

**Edit:**

> *can you omit anytime with any adjective you use as an adverb?*

It depend on the context

* 強烈 (strong)
* 強烈地 (strongly)

Look at the following two sentences:

1. "強烈反對" = [強烈(adj)+反對(n)] = "strong objection"
2. "強烈地反對" = [強烈地(adv)+反對(v)] = "strongly object"

If you omit 地 in sentence #2, it would become the same as sentence #1 . We would not know "強力反對" mean "strong objection" or "strongly object".

But with enough context, we can tell which is which.

"(他)強烈反對" = "(He) strongly objects" - *With the subject "**he**", we know 強烈反對 must be [adverb +verb]* . Therefore, we can omit the adverb marker '地' in "(他)強烈(地)反對"

"(他的)強烈反對" = "(his) strong objection" - *With the possessive pronoun "**his**" , we know 強烈反對 must be [adj + noun]*

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Very good answer. Now i got it clear. I did not know the 地 could be omitted. With this words is the first time i see it. ?can you omit anytime with any adjective you use as an adverb?  
> **username_1**: @ANXTON Please see my edition at the bottom of my post.  
> **username_0**: Thanks again very good post  

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