### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
Size2i size_limit = get_clamped_minimum_size();
	size = size.max(size_limit);
	bool reset_min_first = false;
	if (max_size_used != Size2i()) {
		
		size = size.min(max_size_used);
		if (size_limit.x > max_size_used.x) {
			size_limit.x = max_size_used.x;
			reset_min_first = true;
		}
		if (size_limit.y > max_size_used.y) {
			size_limit.y = max_size_used.y;
			reset_min_first = true;
		}
	}
	if (embedder) {
		size.x = MAX(size.x, 1);
		size.y = MAX(size.y, 1);
		embedder->_sub_window_update(this);
	} else if (window_id != DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID) {
		if (reset_min_first && wrap_controls) {
			
			DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_set_min_size(Size2i(), window_id);
		}
		DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_set_max_size(max_size_used, window_id);
		DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_set_min_size(size_limit, window_id);
		DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_set_size(size, window_id);