### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
* Allocates memory.
 *
 * @param p_bytes The amount of memory to allocate in bytes.
 *
 * @return A pointer to the allocated memory, or NULL if unsuccessful.
 */
typedef void *(*GDExtensionInterfaceMemAlloc)(size_t p_bytes);
/**
 * @name mem_realloc
 * @since 4.1
 *
 * Reallocates memory.
 *
 * @param p_ptr A pointer to the previously allocated memory.
 * @param p_bytes The number of bytes to resize the memory block to.
 *
 * @return A pointer to the allocated memory, or NULL if unsuccessful.
 */
typedef void *(*GDExtensionInterfaceMemRealloc)(void *p_ptr, size_t p_bytes);
/**
 * @name mem_free
 * @since 4.1
 *
 * Frees memory.
 *
 * @param p_ptr A pointer to the previously allocated memory.
 */
typedef void (*GDExtensionInterfaceMemFree)(void *p_ptr);
/**
 * @name print_error