### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

set_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(1, SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_4);
	set_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(2, SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_16);
	set_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(3, SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_64);
	set_mesh_lod_threshold(mesh_lod_threshold);
	String id = itos(get_instance_id());
	input_group = "_vp_input" + id;
	gui_input_group = "_vp_gui_input" + id;
	unhandled_input_group = "_vp_unhandled_input" + id;
	shortcut_input_group = "_vp_shortcut_input" + id;
	unhandled_key_input_group = "_vp_unhandled_key_input" + id;
	// Window tooltip.
	gui.tooltip_delay = GLOBAL_DEF(PropertyInfo(Variant::FLOAT, "gui/timers/tooltip_delay_sec", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,5,0.01,or_greater"), 0.5);
#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
	set_scaling_3d_mode((Viewport::Scaling3DMode)(int)GLOBAL_GET("rendering/scaling_3d/mode"));
	set_scaling_3d_scale(GLOBAL_GET("rendering/scaling_3d/scale"));
	set_fsr_sharpness((float)GLOBAL_GET("rendering/scaling_3d/fsr_sharpness"));
	set_texture_mipmap_bias((float)GLOBAL_GET("rendering/textures/default_filters/texture_mipmap_bias"));
#endif 
	set_sdf_oversize(sdf_oversize); // Set to server.
}
Viewport::~Viewport() {
	// Erase itself from viewport textures.
	for (ViewportTexture *E : viewport_textures) {
		E->vp = nullptr;
	}
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(RenderingServer::get_singleton());
	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->free(viewport);
}
//
void SubViewport::set_size(const Size2i &p_size) {