### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

if (!p_node->is_visible()) {
		return nullptr; 
	}
	Transform2D matrix = p_xform * p_node->get_transform();
	
	if (matrix.determinant() == 0.0f) {
		return nullptr;
	}
	Control *c = Object::cast_to<Control>(p_node);
	if (!c || !c->is_clipping_contents() || c->has_point(matrix.affine_inverse().xform(p_global))) {
		for (int i = p_node->get_child_count() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			CanvasItem *ci = Object::cast_to<CanvasItem>(p_node->get_child(i));
			if (!ci || ci->is_set_as_top_level()) {
				continue;
			}
			Control *ret = _gui_find_control_at_pos(ci, p_global, matrix);
			if (ret) {
				return ret;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!c || c->data.mouse_filter == Control::MOUSE_FILTER_IGNORE) {
		return nullptr;
	}
	matrix.affine_invert();
	if (!c->has_point(matrix.xform(p_global))) {
		return nullptr;
	}
	Control *drag_preview = _gui_get_drag_preview();