### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4I,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PLANE,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_QUATERNION,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_AABB,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_BASIS,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM3D,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PROJECTION,
	
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_COLOR,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING_NAME,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_NODE_PATH,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_RID,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_OBJECT,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_CALLABLE,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_SIGNAL,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_DICTIONARY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_ARRAY,
	
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_BYTE_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_INT32_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_INT64_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_FLOAT32_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_FLOAT64_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_STRING_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_VECTOR2_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_VECTOR3_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_PACKED_COLOR_ARRAY,
	GDEXTENSION_VARIANT_TYPE_VARIANT_MAX
} GDExtensionVariantType;
typedef enum {