### Godot version

Godot 4 stable and Godot 3.x LTS

### System information

Fedora linux

### Issue description

If you use some custom logic inside _integrate_forces() to alter the state linear velocity and there is any reference to linear_velocity in physics process, the result in godot 3.5 is that it moves just a little bit, while in godot 4 is totally still.

### Steps to reproduce

For the example i created a simple scene in which i apply a force on the linear velocity in  _integrate_forces()  and added a line that add zero to it in physics process. You will not see any move, but it will work fine if you comment the line adding zero.


### Minimal reproduction project

[PhysicsBugReproduction.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12139772/PhysicsBugReproduction.zip)

ERR_FAIL_NULL(p_node);
	PhysicsBody2D *physics_body = Object::cast_to<PhysicsBody2D>(p_node);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_MSG(physics_body, "Collision exception only works between two nodes that inherit from PhysicsBody2D.");
	PhysicsServer2D::get_singleton()->body_remove_collision_exception(get_rid(), physics_body->get_rid());
}
void StaticBody2D::set_constant_linear_velocity(const Vector2 &p_vel) {
	constant_linear_velocity = p_vel;
	PhysicsServer2D::get_singleton()->body_set_state(get_rid(), PhysicsServer2D::BODY_STATE_LINEAR_VELOCITY, constant_linear_velocity);
}
void StaticBody2D::set_constant_angular_velocity(real_t p_vel) {
	constant_angular_velocity = p_vel;
	PhysicsServer2D::get_singleton()->body_set_state(get_rid(), PhysicsServer2D::BODY_STATE_ANGULAR_VELOCITY, constant_angular_velocity);
}
Vector2 StaticBody2D::get_constant_linear_velocity() const {
	return constant_linear_velocity;
}
real_t StaticBody2D::get_constant_angular_velocity() const {
	return constant_angular_velocity;
}
void StaticBody2D::set_physics_material_override(const Ref<PhysicsMaterial> &p_physics_material_override) {
	if (physics_material_override.is_valid()) {
		physics_material_override->disconnect_changed(callable_mp(this, &StaticBody2D::_reload_physics_characteristics));
	}
	physics_material_override = p_physics_material_override;
	if (physics_material_override.is_valid()) {
		physics_material_override->connect_changed(callable_mp(this, &StaticBody2D::_reload_physics_characteristics));
	}
	_reload_physics_characteristics();
}
Ref<PhysicsMaterial> StaticBody2D::get_physics_material_override() const {