### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

bool is_size_2d_override_stretch_enabled() const override;
	void set_update_mode(UpdateMode p_mode);
	UpdateMode get_update_mode() const;
	void set_clear_mode(ClearMode p_mode);
	ClearMode get_clear_mode() const;
	virtual Transform2D get_screen_transform_internal(bool p_absolute_position = false) const override;
	virtual Transform2D get_popup_base_transform() const override;
	virtual bool is_directly_attached_to_screen() const override;
	virtual bool is_attached_in_viewport() const override;
	virtual bool is_sub_viewport() const override { return true; };
	void _validate_property(PropertyInfo &p_property) const;
	SubViewport();
	~SubViewport();
};
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::Scaling3DMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(SubViewport::UpdateMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::PositionalShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::MSAA);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::ScreenSpaceAA);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::DebugDraw);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::SDFScale);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::SDFOversize);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::VRSMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(SubViewport::ClearMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::RenderInfo);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::RenderInfoType);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat);
#endif