### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
return size_allocated;
}
Rect2 Viewport::get_visible_rect() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Rect2());
	Rect2 r;
	if (size == Size2()) {
		r = Rect2(Point2(), DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_get_size());
	} else {
		r = Rect2(Point2(), size);
	}
	if (size_2d_override != Size2i()) {
		r.size = size_2d_override;
	}
	return r;
}
void Viewport::canvas_parent_mark_dirty(Node *p_node) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	bool request_update = gui.canvas_parents_with_dirty_order.is_empty();
	gui.canvas_parents_with_dirty_order.insert(p_node->get_instance_id());
	if (request_update) {
		MessageQueue::get_singleton()->push_callable(callable_mp(this, &Viewport::_process_dirty_canvas_parent_orders));
	}
}
void Viewport::_update_audio_listener_2d() {
	if (AudioServer::get_singleton()) {
		AudioServer::get_singleton()->notify_listener_changed();
	}
}
void Viewport::set_as_audio_listener_2d(bool p_enable) {