### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
const MethodBind *mb = reinterpret_cast<const MethodBind *>(p_method_bind);
	Object *o = (Object *)p_instance;
	const Variant **args = (const Variant **)p_args;
	Callable::CallError error;
	memnew_placement(r_return, Variant(mb->call(o, args, p_arg_count, error)));
	if (r_error) {
		r_error->error = (GDExtensionCallErrorType)(error.error);
		r_error->argument = error.argument;
		r_error->expected = error.expected;
	}
}
static void gdextension_object_method_bind_ptrcall(GDExtensionMethodBindPtr p_method_bind, GDExtensionObjectPtr p_instance, const GDExtensionConstTypePtr *p_args, GDExtensionTypePtr p_ret) {
	const MethodBind *mb = reinterpret_cast<const MethodBind *>(p_method_bind);
	Object *o = (Object *)p_instance;
	mb->ptrcall(o, (const void **)p_args, p_ret);
}
static void gdextension_object_destroy(GDExtensionObjectPtr p_o) {
	memdelete((Object *)p_o);
}
static GDExtensionObjectPtr gdextension_global_get_singleton(GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name) {
	const StringName name = *reinterpret_cast<const StringName *>(p_name);
	return (GDExtensionObjectPtr)Engine::get_singleton()->get_singleton_object(name);
}
static void *gdextension_object_get_instance_binding(GDExtensionObjectPtr p_object, void *p_token, const GDExtensionInstanceBindingCallbacks *p_callbacks) {
	Object *o = (Object *)p_object;
	return o->get_instance_binding(p_token, p_callbacks);
}
static void gdextension_object_set_instance_binding(GDExtensionObjectPtr p_object, void *p_token, void *p_binding, const GDExtensionInstanceBindingCallbacks *p_callbacks) {