### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
case DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_USCALED:
		case DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SSCALED:
		case DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UINT:
		case DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SINT:
		case DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB:
			return 4;
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32:
		case DATA_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32:
			return 4;
		case DATA_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_R16_SNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_R16_USCALED:
		case DATA_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED: