### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
allocInfo.requiredFlags = 0;
	allocInfo.preferredFlags = 0;
	allocInfo.memoryTypeBits = 0;
	allocInfo.pool = nullptr;
	allocInfo.pUserData = nullptr;
	if (p_size <= SMALL_ALLOCATION_MAX_SIZE) {
		uint32_t mem_type_index = 0;
		vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &mem_type_index);
		allocInfo.pool = _find_or_create_small_allocs_pool(mem_type_index);
	}
	VkResult err = vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &p_buffer->buffer, &p_buffer->allocation, nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, ERR_CANT_CREATE, "Can't create buffer of size: " + itos(p_size) + ", error " + itos(err) + ".");
	p_buffer->size = p_size;
	p_buffer->buffer_info.buffer = p_buffer->buffer;
	p_buffer->buffer_info.offset = 0;
	p_buffer->buffer_info.range = p_size;
	p_buffer->usage = p_usage;
	buffer_memory += p_size;
	return OK;
}
Error RenderingDeviceVulkan::_buffer_free(Buffer *p_buffer) {
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_buffer->size == 0, ERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
	buffer_memory -= p_buffer->size;
	vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, p_buffer->buffer, p_buffer->allocation);
	p_buffer->buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	p_buffer->allocation = nullptr;
	p_buffer->size = 0;
	return OK;
}
Error RenderingDeviceVulkan::_insert_staging_block() {