### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

void _gui_control_grab_focus(Control *p_control);
	void _gui_grab_click_focus(Control *p_control);
	void _post_gui_grab_click_focus();
	void _gui_accept_event();
	bool _gui_drop(Control *p_at_control, Point2 p_at_pos, bool p_just_check);
	friend class AudioListener2D;
	void _audio_listener_2d_set(AudioListener2D *p_listener);
	void _audio_listener_2d_remove(AudioListener2D *p_listener);
	friend class Camera2D;
	void _camera_2d_set(Camera2D *p_camera_2d);
	friend class CanvasLayer;
	void _canvas_layer_add(CanvasLayer *p_canvas_layer);
	void _canvas_layer_remove(CanvasLayer *p_canvas_layer);
	void _drop_mouse_over();
	void _drop_mouse_focus();
	void _drop_physics_mouseover(bool p_paused_only = false);
	void _update_canvas_items(Node *p_node);
	friend class Window;
	void _sub_window_update_order();
	void _sub_window_register(Window *p_window);
	void _sub_window_update(Window *p_window);
	void _sub_window_grab_focus(Window *p_window);
	void _sub_window_remove(Window *p_window);
	int _sub_window_find(Window *p_window) const;
	bool _sub_windows_forward_input(const Ref<InputEvent> &p_event);
	SubWindowResize _sub_window_get_resize_margin(Window *p_subwindow, const Point2 &p_point);
	void _update_mouse_over();
	virtual void _update_mouse_over(Vector2 p_pos);
	virtual void _mouse_leave_viewport();
	virtual bool _can_consume_input_events() const { return true; }