### Godot version

543750a1b3f5696f9ba8e91cb49dc7db05d2ae62

### System information

Windows 10, Vulkan

### Issue description

This is a regression since v4.1.dev4.official [5c2295ff5], I can't bisect atm to find the commit that caused it, maybe https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/77651 but that's just a guess.
When a HBoxContainer has a label child, and that label's text is changed, one used to be able to find the new size of the container by using call_deferred, this is no longer the case.

MRP correct behavior (v4.1.dev4.official [5c2295ff5]):
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/115422160/1b4a2b6f-ef19-42c1-b3e5-9f0c499a7a8c)
MRP incorrect (543750a1b3f5696f9ba8e91cb49dc7db05d2ae62):
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/115422160/25b711ae-7c3a-4c48-aff7-383bb8f600c3)




### Steps to reproduce

```gdscript
extends Control

@onready var h_box_container: HBoxContainer = $HBoxContainer
@onready var label: Label = $HBoxContainer/Label

func _ready() -> void:
	label.text = "larger non default text"
	print("h_box_container size.x: ", h_box_container.size.x)
	call_deferred("size_after_text_changed")

func size_after_text_changed() -> void:
	print("deferred h_box_container size.x: ", h_box_container.size.x)
```

### Minimal reproduction project

[call_deferred bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11654441/call_deferred.bug.zip)

Rect2 parent_rect = get_parent_anchorable_rect();
	real_t edge_pos[4];
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		real_t area = parent_rect.size[i & 1];
		edge_pos[i] = data.offset[i] + (data.anchor[i] * area);
	}
	Point2 new_pos_cache = Point2(edge_pos[0], edge_pos[1]);
	Size2 new_size_cache = Point2(edge_pos[2], edge_pos[3]) - new_pos_cache;
	Size2 minimum_size = get_combined_minimum_size();
	if (minimum_size.width > new_size_cache.width) {
		if (data.h_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BEGIN) {
			new_pos_cache.x += new_size_cache.width - minimum_size.width;
		} else if (data.h_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BOTH) {
			new_pos_cache.x += 0.5 * (new_size_cache.width - minimum_size.width);
		}
		new_size_cache.width = minimum_size.width;
	}
	if (is_layout_rtl()) {
		new_pos_cache.x = parent_rect.size.x + 2 * parent_rect.position.x - new_pos_cache.x - new_size_cache.x;
	}
	if (minimum_size.height > new_size_cache.height) {
		if (data.v_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BEGIN) {
			new_pos_cache.y += new_size_cache.height - minimum_size.height;
		} else if (data.v_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BOTH) {
			new_pos_cache.y += 0.5 * (new_size_cache.height - minimum_size.height);
		}
		new_size_cache.height = minimum_size.height;