### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Transform2D());
	Transform2D container_transform;
	SubViewportContainer *c = Object::cast_to<SubViewportContainer>(get_parent());
	if (c) {
		if (c->is_stretch_enabled()) {
			container_transform.scale(Vector2(c->get_stretch_shrink(), c->get_stretch_shrink()));
		}
		container_transform = c->get_viewport()->get_screen_transform_internal(p_absolute_position) * c->get_global_transform_with_canvas() * container_transform;
	} else {
		WARN_PRINT_ONCE("SubViewport is not a child of a SubViewportContainer. get_screen_transform doesn't return the actual screen position.");
	}
	return container_transform * get_final_transform();
}
Transform2D SubViewport::get_popup_base_transform() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Transform2D());
	if (is_embedding_subwindows()) {
		return Transform2D();
	}
	SubViewportContainer *c = Object::cast_to<SubViewportContainer>(get_parent());
	if (!c) {
		return get_final_transform();
	}
	Transform2D container_transform;
	if (c->is_stretch_enabled()) {
		container_transform.scale(Vector2(c->get_stretch_shrink(), c->get_stretch_shrink()));
	}
	return c->get_screen_transform() * container_transform * get_final_transform();
}
bool SubViewport::is_directly_attached_to_screen() const {