### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ss.s = shortcut_str;
				String errs;
				int line;
				VariantParser::parse(&ss, shortcut_var, errs, line);
				debugger_stop_shortcut = shortcut_var;
			}
			if (debugger_stop_shortcut.is_null()) {
				
				debugger_stop_shortcut.instantiate();
				debugger_stop_shortcut->set_events({ (Variant)InputEventKey::create_reference(Key::F8) });
			}
		}
		Ref<InputEventKey> k = p_ev;
		if (k.is_valid() && k->is_pressed() && !k->is_echo() && debugger_stop_shortcut->matches_event(k)) {
			EngineDebugger::get_singleton()->send_message("request_quit", Array());
		}
	}
	if (exclusive_child != nullptr) {
		if (!is_embedding_subwindows()) { 
			return;
		}
	}
	if (p_ev->get_device() != InputEvent::DEVICE_ID_INTERNAL) {
		emit_signal(SceneStringNames::get_singleton()->window_input, p_ev);
	}
	if (is_inside_tree()) {
		push_input(p_ev);
	}
}
void Window::_window_input_text(const String &p_text) {