### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
depth_reference_array.resize(p_passes.size());
	vrs_reference_array.resize(p_passes.size());
	vrs_attachment_info_array.resize(p_passes.size());
	LocalVector<VkSubpassDependency2KHR> subpass_dependencies;
	for (int i = 0; i < p_passes.size(); i++) {
		const FramebufferPass *pass = &p_passes[i];
		LocalVector<VkAttachmentReference2KHR> &color_references = color_reference_array[i];
		TextureSamples texture_samples = TEXTURE_SAMPLES_1;
		bool is_multisample_first = true;
		void *subpass_nextptr = nullptr;
		for (int j = 0; j < pass->color_attachments.size(); j++) {
			int32_t attachment = pass->color_attachments[j];
			VkAttachmentReference2KHR reference;
			reference.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2_KHR;
			reference.pNext = nullptr;
			if (attachment == FramebufferPass::ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
				reference.attachment = VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED;
				reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
			} else {
				ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V_MSG(attachment, p_attachments.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), color attachment (" + itos(j) + ").");
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!(p_attachments[attachment].usage_flags & TEXTURE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT), VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), it's marked as depth, but it's not usable as color attachment.");
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(attachment_last_pass[attachment] == i, VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), it already was used for something else before in this pass.");
				if (is_multisample_first) {
					texture_samples = p_attachments[attachment].samples;
					is_multisample_first = false;
				} else {
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(texture_samples != p_attachments[attachment].samples, VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), if an attachment is marked as multisample, all of them should be multisample and use the same number of samples.");
				}
				reference.attachment = attachment_remap[attachment];
				reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;