### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (camera_3d_override) {
		if (camera_3d_override.size == p_size && camera_3d_override.z_near == p_z_near &&
				camera_3d_override.z_far == p_z_far && camera_3d_override.projection == Camera3DOverrideData::PROJECTION_ORTHOGONAL) {
			return;
		}
		camera_3d_override.size = p_size;
		camera_3d_override.z_near = p_z_near;
		camera_3d_override.z_far = p_z_far;
		camera_3d_override.projection = Camera3DOverrideData::PROJECTION_ORTHOGONAL;
		RenderingServer::get_singleton()->camera_set_orthogonal(camera_3d_override.rid, camera_3d_override.size, camera_3d_override.z_near, camera_3d_override.z_far);
	}
}
void Viewport::set_disable_3d(bool p_disable) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	disable_3d = p_disable;
	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_set_disable_3d(viewport, disable_3d);
}
bool Viewport::is_3d_disabled() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(false);
	return disable_3d;
}
bool Viewport::is_camera_3d_override_enabled() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(false);
	return camera_3d_override;
}
void Viewport::set_camera_3d_override_transform(const Transform3D &p_transform) {