### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
bool has_theme_icon(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	bool has_theme_stylebox(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	bool has_theme_font(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	bool has_theme_font_size(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	bool has_theme_color(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	bool has_theme_constant(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	float get_theme_default_base_scale() const;
	Ref<Font> get_theme_default_font() const;
	int get_theme_default_font_size() const;
	
	virtual Transform2D get_final_transform() const override;
	virtual Transform2D get_screen_transform_internal(bool p_absolute_position = false) const override;
	virtual Transform2D get_popup_base_transform() const override;
	virtual bool is_directly_attached_to_screen() const override;
	virtual bool is_attached_in_viewport() const override;
	Rect2i get_parent_rect() const;
	virtual DisplayServer::WindowID get_window_id() const override;
	virtual Size2 _get_contents_minimum_size() const;
	Window();
	~Window();
};
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::Mode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::Flags);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::ContentScaleMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::ContentScaleAspect);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::ContentScaleStretch);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::LayoutDirection);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Window::WindowInitialPosition);
#endif