### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_index_count == 0, RID());
	IndexBuffer index_buffer;
	index_buffer.index_type = (p_format == INDEX_BUFFER_FORMAT_UINT16) ? VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16 : VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32;
	index_buffer.supports_restart_indices = p_use_restart_indices;
	index_buffer.index_count = p_index_count;
	uint32_t size_bytes = p_index_count * ((p_format == INDEX_BUFFER_FORMAT_UINT16) ? 2 : 4);
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	if (p_data.size()) {
		index_buffer.max_index = 0;
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG((uint32_t)p_data.size() != size_bytes, RID(),
				"Default index buffer initializer array size (" + itos(p_data.size()) + ") does not match format required size (" + itos(size_bytes) + ").");
		const uint8_t *r = p_data.ptr();
		if (p_format == INDEX_BUFFER_FORMAT_UINT16) {
			const uint16_t *index16 = (const uint16_t *)r;
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_index_count; i++) {
				if (p_use_restart_indices && index16[i] == 0xFFFF) {
					continue; 
				}
				index_buffer.max_index = MAX(index16[i], index_buffer.max_index);