### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
bool updating_embedded_window = false;
	bool clamp_to_embedder = false;
	bool unparent_when_invisible = false;
	LayoutDirection layout_dir = LAYOUT_DIRECTION_INHERITED;
	bool auto_translate = true;
	void _update_child_controls();
	void _update_embedded_window();
	Size2i content_scale_size;
	ContentScaleMode content_scale_mode = CONTENT_SCALE_MODE_DISABLED;
	ContentScaleAspect content_scale_aspect = CONTENT_SCALE_ASPECT_IGNORE;
	ContentScaleStretch content_scale_stretch = CONTENT_SCALE_STRETCH_FRACTIONAL;
	real_t content_scale_factor = 1.0;
	void _make_window();
	void _clear_window();
	void _update_from_window();
	bool _try_parent_dialog(Node *p_from_node);
	Size2i max_size_used;
	Size2i _clamp_limit_size(const Size2i &p_limit_size);
	Size2i _clamp_window_size(const Size2i &p_size);
	void _validate_limit_size();
	void _update_viewport_size();
	void _update_window_size();
	void _propagate_window_notification(Node *p_node, int p_notification);
	void _update_window_callbacks();
	void _clear_transient();
	void _make_transient();
	Window *transient_parent = nullptr;
	Window *exclusive_child = nullptr;
	HashSet<Window *> transient_children;
	ThemeOwner *theme_owner = nullptr;