### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

GDCLASS(SubViewport, Viewport);
public:
	enum ClearMode {
		CLEAR_MODE_ALWAYS,
		CLEAR_MODE_NEVER,
		CLEAR_MODE_ONCE
	};
	enum UpdateMode {
		UPDATE_DISABLED,
		UPDATE_ONCE, 
		UPDATE_WHEN_VISIBLE, 
		UPDATE_WHEN_PARENT_VISIBLE,
		UPDATE_ALWAYS
	};
private:
	UpdateMode update_mode = UPDATE_WHEN_VISIBLE;
	ClearMode clear_mode = CLEAR_MODE_ALWAYS;
	bool size_2d_override_stretch = false;
	void _internal_set_size(const Size2i &p_size, bool p_force = false);
protected:
	static void _bind_methods();
	virtual DisplayServer::WindowID get_window_id() const override;
	void _notification(int p_what);
public:
	void set_size(const Size2i &p_size);
	Size2i get_size() const;
	void set_size_force(const Size2i &p_size);
	void set_size_2d_override(const Size2i &p_size);
	Size2i get_size_2d_override() const;
	void set_size_2d_override_stretch(bool p_enable);