### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_update_mode(get_viewport_rid(), RS::VIEWPORT_UPDATE_WHEN_VISIBLE);
				} else {
					
					if (visible) {
						_make_window();
					}
				}
			}
			if (transient) {
				_make_transient();
			}
			if (visible) {
				notification(NOTIFICATION_VISIBILITY_CHANGED);
				emit_signal(SceneStringNames::get_singleton()->visibility_changed);
				RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_active(get_viewport_rid(), true);
			}
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
			if (is_part_of_edited_scene()) {
				
				set_message_translation(false);
				notification(NOTIFICATION_TRANSLATION_CHANGED);
			}
#endif
			notification(NOTIFICATION_THEME_CHANGED);
		} break;
		case NOTIFICATION_READY: {
			if (wrap_controls) {
				
				_update_child_controls();
			}