### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
	if (!use_xr) {
#endif
		if (p_allocated) {
			RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_size(viewport, size.width, size.height);
		} else {
			RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_size(viewport, 0, 0);
		}
#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
	} 
#endif
	_update_global_transform();
	update_configuration_warnings();
	update_canvas_items();
	for (ViewportTexture *E : viewport_textures) {
		E->emit_changed();
	}
	emit_signal(SNAME("size_changed"));
	Rect2i limit = get_visible_rect();
	for (int i = 0; i < gui.sub_windows.size(); ++i) {
		Window *sw = gui.sub_windows[i].window;
		Rect2i rect = Rect2i(sw->position, sw->size);
		Rect2i new_rect = sw->fit_rect_in_parent(rect, limit);
		if (new_rect != rect) {
			sw->set_position(new_rect.position);
			sw->set_size(new_rect.size);
		}
	}
}
Size2i Viewport::_get_size() const {