### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
render_pass_begin.renderArea.extent.height = size.height;
	render_pass_begin.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
	render_pass_begin.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
	render_pass_begin.clearValueCount = 1;
	VkClearValue clear_value;
	clear_value.color.float32[0] = p_clear_color.r;
	clear_value.color.float32[1] = p_clear_color.g;
	clear_value.color.float32[2] = p_clear_color.b;
	clear_value.color.float32[3] = p_clear_color.a;
	render_pass_begin.pClearValues = &clear_value;
	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(command_buffer, &render_pass_begin, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
	uint32_t size_x = screen_get_width(p_screen);
	uint32_t size_y = screen_get_height(p_screen);
	VkViewport viewport;
	viewport.x = 0;
	viewport.y = 0;
	viewport.width = size_x;
	viewport.height = size_y;
	viewport.minDepth = 0;
	viewport.maxDepth = 1.0;
	vkCmdSetViewport(command_buffer, 0, 1, &viewport);
	VkRect2D scissor;
	scissor.offset.x = 0;
	scissor.offset.y = 0;
	scissor.extent.width = size_x;
	scissor.extent.height = size_y;
	vkCmdSetScissor(command_buffer, 0, 1, &scissor);
	return int64_t(ID_TYPE_DRAW_LIST) << ID_BASE_SHIFT;
}
Error RenderingDeviceVulkan::_draw_list_setup_framebuffer(Framebuffer *p_framebuffer, InitialAction p_initial_color_action, FinalAction p_final_color_action, InitialAction p_initial_depth_action, FinalAction p_final_depth_action, VkFramebuffer *r_framebuffer, VkRenderPass *r_render_pass, uint32_t *r_subpass_count) {