### Godot version

4.2.dev commit 013e8e3afb982d4b230f0039b6dc248b48794ab9

### System information

Any

### Issue description

The following code from [dialogic](https://github.com/coppolaemilio/dialogic) no longer works in 4.2-dev, but does in 4.1 and before:
```gdscript
class VariableFolder:
        var data = {}
        var path = ""
        var outside
        func _init(_data, _path, _outside):
                data = _data
                path = _path
                outside = _outside
        
        func _get(property):
                property = str(property)
                if property in data:
                        if typeof(data[property]) == TYPE_DICTIONARY:
                                return VariableFolder.new(data[property], path+"."+property, outside)  ### <====== ERROR ###
                        else:
                                return DialogicUtil.logical_convert(data[property])
        
        func _set(property, value):
                property = str(property)
                if not value is VariableFolder:
                        outside._set_value_in_dictionary(path+"."+property, outside.dialogic.current_state_info['variables'], value)
                        return true
                elif VariableFolder:
                        return true
```
On compilation this will give the error
```
SCRIPT ERROR: Compile Error: Identifier not found: VariableFolder
          at: GDScript::reload (res://addons/dialogic/Modules/Variable/subsystem_variables.gd:182)
```
(line 182 is the `VariableFolder.new` line)

i bisected it to the following commit, from #79880:
```
d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb is the first bad commit
commit d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb
Author: Danil Alexeev <danil@alexeev.xyz>
Date:   Tue Jul 25 14:21:49 2023 +0300

    GDScript: Fix bug with identifier shadowed below in current scope
```

### Steps to reproduce

i think the issue description is complete enough to allow reproduction, let me know if there's any problems.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
if (!argument->is_constant) {
			push_error(vformat(R"(Argument %d of annotation "%s" isn't a constant expression.)", i + 1, p_annotation->name), argument);
			return;
		}
		Variant value = argument->reduced_value;
		if (value.get_type() != argument_info.type) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
			if (argument_info.type == Variant::INT && value.get_type() == Variant::FLOAT) {
				parser->push_warning(argument, GDScriptWarning::NARROWING_CONVERSION);
			}
#endif
			if (!Variant::can_convert_strict(value.get_type(), argument_info.type)) {
				push_error(vformat(R"(Invalid argument for annotation "%s": argument %d should be "%s" but is "%s".)", p_annotation->name, i + 1, Variant::get_type_name(argument_info.type), argument->get_datatype().to_string()), argument);
				return;
			}
			Variant converted_to;
			const Variant *converted_from = &value;
			Callable::CallError call_error;
			Variant::construct(argument_info.type, converted_to, &converted_from, 1, call_error);
			if (call_error.error != Callable::CallError::CALL_OK) {
				push_error(vformat(R"(Cannot convert argument %d of annotation "%s" from "%s" to "%s".)", i + 1, p_annotation->name, Variant::get_type_name(value.get_type()), Variant::get_type_name(argument_info.type)), argument);
				return;
			}
			value = converted_to;
		}
		p_annotation->resolved_arguments.push_back(value);
	}
}
void GDScriptAnalyzer::resolve_function_signature(GDScriptParser::FunctionNode *p_function, const GDScriptParser::Node *p_source, bool p_is_lambda) {
	if (p_source == nullptr) {