### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, RID(), "vkCreateComputePipelines failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	if (pipelines_cache.cache_object != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		_update_pipeline_cache();
	}
	pipeline.set_formats = shader->set_formats;
	pipeline.push_constant_stages_mask = shader->push_constant.vk_stages_mask;
	pipeline.pipeline_layout = shader->pipeline_layout;
	pipeline.shader = p_shader;
	pipeline.push_constant_size = shader->push_constant.size;
	pipeline.local_group_size[0] = shader->compute_local_size[0];
	pipeline.local_group_size[1] = shader->compute_local_size[1];
	pipeline.local_group_size[2] = shader->compute_local_size[2];
	
	RID id = compute_pipeline_owner.make_rid(pipeline);
#ifdef DEV_ENABLED
	set_resource_name(id, "RID:" + itos(id.get_id()));
#endif
	
	_add_dependency(id, p_shader);
	return id;
}
bool RenderingDeviceVulkan::compute_pipeline_is_valid(RID p_pipeline) {
	return compute_pipeline_owner.owns(p_pipeline);
}
int RenderingDeviceVulkan::screen_get_width(DisplayServer::WindowID p_screen) const {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(local_device.is_valid(), -1, "Local devices have no screen");
	return context->window_get_width(p_screen);
}
int RenderingDeviceVulkan::screen_get_height(DisplayServer::WindowID p_screen) const {