### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VkDescriptorPoolSize s;
			s.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
			s.descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER] * max_descriptors_per_pool;
			sizes.push_back(s);
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER]) {
			VkDescriptorPoolSize s;
			s.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
			s.descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER] * max_descriptors_per_pool;
			sizes.push_back(s);
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT]) {
			VkDescriptorPoolSize s;
			s.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT;
			s.descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT] * max_descriptors_per_pool;
			sizes.push_back(s);
		}
		descriptor_pool_create_info.poolSizeCount = sizes.size();
		descriptor_pool_create_info.pPoolSizes = sizes.ptr();
		VkResult res = vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptor_pool_create_info, nullptr, &pool->pool);
		if (res) {
			memdelete(pool);
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, nullptr, "vkCreateDescriptorPool failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");
		}
		descriptor_pools[p_key].insert(pool);
	}
	pool->usage++;
	return pool;
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::_descriptor_pool_free(const DescriptorPoolKey &p_key, DescriptorPool *p_pool) {