### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (texture_mipmap_bias == p_texture_mipmap_bias) {
		return;
	}
	texture_mipmap_bias = p_texture_mipmap_bias;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_texture_mipmap_bias(viewport, p_texture_mipmap_bias);
}
float Viewport::get_texture_mipmap_bias() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(0);
	return texture_mipmap_bias;
}
#endif 
void Viewport::_propagate_world_2d_changed(Node *p_node) {
	if (p_node != this) {
		if (Object::cast_to<CanvasItem>(p_node)) {
			p_node->notification(CanvasItem::NOTIFICATION_WORLD_2D_CHANGED);
		} else {
			Viewport *v = Object::cast_to<Viewport>(p_node);
			if (v) {
				if (v->world_2d.is_valid()) {
					return;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < p_node->get_child_count(); ++i) {
		_propagate_world_2d_changed(p_node->get_child(i));
	}
}
void Viewport::_bind_methods() {