### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
image_view_create_info.components.r = component_swizzles[p_view.swizzle_r];
	image_view_create_info.components.g = component_swizzles[p_view.swizzle_g];
	image_view_create_info.components.b = component_swizzles[p_view.swizzle_b];
	image_view_create_info.components.a = component_swizzles[p_view.swizzle_a];
	if (p_slice_type == TEXTURE_SLICE_CUBEMAP) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(p_layer >= src_texture->layers, RID(),
				"Specified layer is invalid for cubemap");
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG((p_layer % 6) != 0, RID(),
				"Specified layer must be a multiple of 6.");
	}
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = p_mipmap;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = p_mipmaps;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = slice_layers;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = p_layer;
	if (texture.usage_flags & TEXTURE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT) {
		image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
	} else {
		image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	}
	VkResult err = vkCreateImageView(device, &image_view_create_info, nullptr, &texture.view);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, RID(), "vkCreateImageView failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	texture.owner = p_with_texture;
	RID id = texture_owner.make_rid(texture);
#ifdef DEV_ENABLED
	set_resource_name(id, "RID:" + itos(id.get_id()));
#endif
	_add_dependency(id, p_with_texture);
	return id;
}
Error RenderingDeviceVulkan::texture_update(RID p_texture, uint32_t p_layer, const Vector<uint8_t> &p_data, BitField<BarrierMask> p_post_barrier) {