### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
RenderingServer *rendering_server = RenderingServer::get_singleton();
	if (rendering_server) {
		max_size = rendering_server->get_maximum_viewport_size();
		max_size_used = max_size; 
	}
	theme_owner = memnew(ThemeOwner);
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_update_mode(get_viewport_rid(), RS::VIEWPORT_UPDATE_DISABLED);
}
Window::~Window() {
	memdelete(theme_owner);
	
	for (KeyValue<StringName, Ref<Texture2D>> &E : theme_icon_override) {
		E.value->disconnect_changed(callable_mp(this, &Window::_notify_theme_override_changed));
	}
	for (KeyValue<StringName, Ref<StyleBox>> &E : theme_style_override) {
		E.value->disconnect_changed(callable_mp(this, &Window::_notify_theme_override_changed));
	}
	for (KeyValue<StringName, Ref<Font>> &E : theme_font_override) {
		E.value->disconnect_changed(callable_mp(this, &Window::_notify_theme_override_changed));
	}
	
	theme_icon_override.clear();
	theme_style_override.clear();
	theme_font_override.clear();
	theme_font_size_override.clear();
	theme_color_override.clear();
	theme_constant_override.clear();
}