### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
if (p_type == MEMORY_BUFFERS) {
		return buffer_memory;
	} else if (p_type == MEMORY_TEXTURES) {
		return image_memory;
	} else {
		VmaTotalStatistics stats;
		vmaCalculateStatistics(allocator, &stats);
		return stats.total.statistics.allocationBytes;
	}
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::_flush(bool p_current_frame) {
	if (local_device.is_valid() && !p_current_frame) {
		return; 
	}
	
	if (p_current_frame) {
		vkEndCommandBuffer(frames[frame].setup_command_buffer);
		vkEndCommandBuffer(frames[frame].draw_command_buffer);
	}
	if (local_device.is_valid()) {
		VkCommandBuffer command_buffers[2] = { frames[frame].setup_command_buffer, frames[frame].draw_command_buffer };
		context->local_device_push_command_buffers(local_device, command_buffers, 2);
		context->local_device_sync(local_device);
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdbuf_begin;
		cmdbuf_begin.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
		cmdbuf_begin.pNext = nullptr;
		cmdbuf_begin.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
		cmdbuf_begin.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;