### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

if (!viewport_under) {
					
					viewport_under = embedder;
				}
			} else {
				
				Vector2i screen_mouse_pos = DisplayServer::get_singleton()->mouse_get_position();
				DisplayServer::WindowID window_id = DisplayServer::get_singleton()->get_window_at_screen_position(screen_mouse_pos);
				if (window_id != DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID) {
					ObjectID object_under = DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_get_attached_instance_id(window_id);
					if (object_under != ObjectID()) { 
						Window *w = Object::cast_to<Window>(ObjectDB::get_instance(object_under));
						if (w) {
							viewport_under = w;
							viewport_pos = screen_mouse_pos - w->get_position();
						}
					}
				}
			}
			if (viewport_under) {
				if (viewport_under != this) {
					Transform2D ai = viewport_under->get_final_transform().affine_inverse();
					viewport_pos = ai.xform(viewport_pos);
				}
				
				gui.drag_mouse_over = viewport_under->gui_find_control(viewport_pos);
				if (gui.drag_mouse_over) {
					Transform2D localizer = gui.drag_mouse_over->get_global_transform_with_canvas().affine_inverse();
					gui.drag_mouse_over_pos = localizer.xform(viewport_pos);
					bool can_drop = _gui_drop(gui.drag_mouse_over, gui.drag_mouse_over_pos, true);