### Godot version

4.1 stable, 4.1.1 rc1

### System information

Windows 10, Forward +

### Issue description

When updating the global_position of a Node2D that's outside of the scene tree, the global_position does not update. I came across this issue because when I instantiate a scene, I usually set the instantiated object's properties before adding it to the scene tree. When I tried setting the global_position, I noticed the value seems to stay at (0,0). Interestingly, even though the global_position does not update, the position property does. Is it fine to update a node's (global) position when it's not inside the scene tree? Or should we not do this

Also possibly related to #75676

### Steps to reproduce

```gdscript
extends Node

func _ready() -> void:
	var a = Node2D.new()
	a.global_position = Vector2(1, 1)
	assert(a.global_position == Vector2(1, 1))
```

The above assertion fails on 4.1 stable and 4.1.1 rc1, but succeeds on 4.0.2 and 4.0.3. I didn't test other versions besides these

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Ref<StyleBox>());
	if (!data.initialized) {
		WARN_PRINT_ONCE("Attempting to access theme items too early; prefer NOTIFICATION_POSTINITIALIZE and NOTIFICATION_THEME_CHANGED");
	}
	if (p_theme_type == StringName() || p_theme_type == get_class_name() || p_theme_type == data.theme_type_variation) {
		const Ref<StyleBox> *style = data.theme_style_override.getptr(p_name);
		if (style) {
			return *style;
		}
	}
	if (data.theme_style_cache.has(p_theme_type) && data.theme_style_cache[p_theme_type].has(p_name)) {
		return data.theme_style_cache[p_theme_type][p_name];
	}
	List<StringName> theme_types;
	data.theme_owner->get_theme_type_dependencies(this, p_theme_type, &theme_types);
	Ref<StyleBox> style = data.theme_owner->get_theme_item_in_types(Theme::DATA_TYPE_STYLEBOX, p_name, theme_types);
	data.theme_style_cache[p_theme_type][p_name] = style;
	return style;
}
Ref<Font> Control::get_theme_font(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type) const {