### Godot version

4.1.dev3.official [a67d37f]

### System information

Windows 11 [Vulkan]

### Issue description

The work performed in #77154 drastically changed the visual characteristics of particle turbulence.  I am no longer able to get the same "turbulent" behaviour that existed before these changes - no matter which turbulence settings I change.  Please let me know if there's something I'm missing about the new implementation that would give this result.

![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/8756569/05a338a3-140b-4353-ae11-62ec9714b3d1)


### Steps to reproduce

To reproduce this is fairly simple:

1. Create a GPUParticles2D Node
2. Emit a significant number of particles (I'm emitting 50,000)
3. Set Initial Velocity [Max] to around 250, and Direction Spread to 180.  Enable turbulence
4. Set the turbulence_influence_min property to 0.1 (default) and turbulence_influence_max to 1
5. Observe how the turbulence appears in v4.1.dev3.official with the changes in #77154 versus the previous build without these changes.  The new implementation just results in some minor particle "jitter", but not the actual turbulence that it's supposed to have.


### Minimal reproduction project

No sample project provided, as the reproduction is quite simple to replicate.
shader_names->initial_angle_max = "initial_angle_max";
	shader_names->angular_velocity_max = "angular_velocity_max";
	shader_names->orbit_velocity_max = "orbit_velocity_max";
	shader_names->linear_accel_max = "linear_accel_max";
	shader_names->radial_accel_max = "radial_accel_max";
	shader_names->tangent_accel_max = "tangent_accel_max";
	shader_names->damping_max = "damping_max";
	shader_names->scale_max = "scale_max";
	shader_names->hue_variation_max = "hue_variation_max";
	shader_names->anim_speed_max = "anim_speed_max";
	shader_names->anim_offset_max = "anim_offset_max";
	shader_names->angle_texture = "angle_texture";
	shader_names->angular_velocity_texture = "angular_velocity_texture";
	shader_names->orbit_velocity_texture = "orbit_velocity_texture";
	shader_names->linear_accel_texture = "linear_accel_texture";
	shader_names->radial_accel_texture = "radial_accel_texture";
	shader_names->tangent_accel_texture = "tangent_accel_texture";
	shader_names->damping_texture = "damping_texture";
	shader_names->scale_texture = "scale_texture";
	shader_names->hue_variation_texture = "hue_variation_texture";
	shader_names->anim_speed_texture = "anim_speed_texture";
	shader_names->anim_offset_texture = "anim_offset_texture";
	shader_names->color = "color_value";
	shader_names->color_ramp = "color_ramp";
	shader_names->color_initial_ramp = "color_initial_ramp";
	shader_names->emission_sphere_radius = "emission_sphere_radius";
	shader_names->emission_box_extents = "emission_box_extents";
	shader_names->emission_texture_point_count = "emission_texture_point_count";
	shader_names->emission_texture_points = "emission_texture_points";
	shader_names->emission_texture_normal = "emission_texture_normal";