### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

pixel_data[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
		}
		glGenTextures(1, &texture_atlas.texture);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_atlas.texture);
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, 4, 4, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel_data);
		GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_allocated_data(texture_atlas.texture, 4 * 4 * 4, "Texture atlas (Default)");
	}
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
	{
		sdf_shader.shader.initialize();
		sdf_shader.shader_version = sdf_shader.shader.version_create();
	}
#ifdef GLES_OVER_GL
	glEnable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
#endif
}
TextureStorage::~TextureStorage() {
	singleton = nullptr;
	for (int i = 0; i < DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_MAX; i++) {
		texture_free(default_gl_textures[i]);
	}
	if (texture_atlas.texture != 0) {
		GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_free_data(texture_atlas.texture);
	}
	texture_atlas.texture = 0;
	glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &texture_atlas.framebuffer);
	texture_atlas.framebuffer = 0;
	sdf_shader.shader.version_free(sdf_shader.shader_version);
}
bool TextureStorage::can_create_resources_async() const {