### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

Ref<InputEventScreenTouch> st = ev;
		if (st.is_valid()) {
			pos = st->get_position();
		}
		if (ss2d) {
			
			uint64_t frame = get_tree()->get_frame();
			PhysicsDirectSpaceState2D::ShapeResult res[64];
			for (const CanvasLayer *E : canvas_layers) {
				Transform2D canvas_layer_transform;
				ObjectID canvas_layer_id;
				if (E) {
					
					canvas_layer_transform = E->get_final_transform();
					canvas_layer_id = E->get_instance_id();
				} else {
					
					canvas_layer_transform = get_canvas_transform();
					canvas_layer_id = ObjectID();
				}
				Vector2 point = canvas_layer_transform.affine_inverse().xform(pos);
				PhysicsDirectSpaceState2D::PointParameters point_params;
				point_params.position = point;
				point_params.canvas_instance_id = canvas_layer_id;
				point_params.collide_with_areas = true;
				point_params.pick_point = true;
				int rc = ss2d->intersect_point(point_params, res, 64);
				if (physics_object_picking_sort) {
					struct ComparatorCollisionObjects {
						bool operator()(const PhysicsDirectSpaceState2D::ShapeResult &p_a, const PhysicsDirectSpaceState2D::ShapeResult &p_b) const {