### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VkBufferMemoryBarrier buffer_mem_barrier;
	buffer_mem_barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
	buffer_mem_barrier.pNext = nullptr;
	buffer_mem_barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	buffer_mem_barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	buffer_mem_barrier.srcAccessMask = p_src_access;
	buffer_mem_barrier.dstAccessMask = p_dst_access;
	buffer_mem_barrier.buffer = buffer;
	buffer_mem_barrier.offset = p_from;
	buffer_mem_barrier.size = p_size;
	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(p_sync_with_draw ? frames[frame].draw_command_buffer : frames[frame].setup_command_buffer, p_src_stage_mask, p_dst_stage_mask, 0, 0, nullptr, 1, &buffer_mem_barrier, 0, nullptr);
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::texture_create(const TextureFormat &p_format, const TextureView &p_view, const Vector<Vector<uint8_t>> &p_data) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	VkImageCreateInfo image_create_info;
	image_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
	image_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
	image_create_info.flags = 0;
	VkImageFormatListCreateInfoKHR format_list_create_info; 
	Vector<VkFormat> allowed_formats; 
	if (p_format.shareable_formats.size()) {
		image_create_info.flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;
		if (context->is_device_extension_enabled(VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			for (int i = 0; i < p_format.shareable_formats.size(); i++) {
				allowed_formats.push_back(vulkan_formats[p_format.shareable_formats[i]]);
			}
			format_list_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
			format_list_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
			format_list_create_info.viewFormatCount = allowed_formats.size();
			format_list_create_info.pViewFormats = allowed_formats.ptr();