### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
pipeline.push_constant_stages_mask = shader->push_constant.vk_stages_mask;
	pipeline.pipeline_layout = shader->pipeline_layout;
	pipeline.shader = p_shader;
	pipeline.push_constant_size = shader->push_constant.size;
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	pipeline.validation.dynamic_state = p_dynamic_state_flags;
	pipeline.validation.framebuffer_format = p_framebuffer_format;
	pipeline.validation.render_pass = p_for_render_pass;
	pipeline.validation.vertex_format = p_vertex_format;
	pipeline.validation.uses_restart_indices = input_assembly_create_info.primitiveRestartEnable;
	static const uint32_t primitive_divisor[RENDER_PRIMITIVE_MAX] = {
		1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
	};
	pipeline.validation.primitive_divisor = primitive_divisor[p_render_primitive];
	static const uint32_t primitive_minimum[RENDER_PRIMITIVE_MAX] = {
		1,
		2,
		2,
		2,
		2,
		3,
		3,
		3,
		3,
		3,
		1,
	};
	pipeline.validation.primitive_minimum = primitive_minimum[p_render_primitive];
#endif