### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

Transform2D get_screen_transform() const;
	virtual Transform2D get_screen_transform_internal(bool p_absolute_position = false) const;
	virtual Transform2D get_popup_base_transform() const { return Transform2D(); }
	virtual bool is_directly_attached_to_screen() const { return false; };
	virtual bool is_attached_in_viewport() const { return false; };
	virtual bool is_sub_viewport() const { return false; };
#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
	bool use_xr = false;
	friend class AudioListener3D;
	AudioListener3D *audio_listener_3d = nullptr;
	HashSet<AudioListener3D *> audio_listener_3d_set;
	bool is_audio_listener_3d_enabled = false;
	RID internal_audio_listener_3d;
	AudioListener3D *get_audio_listener_3d() const;
	void set_as_audio_listener_3d(bool p_enable);
	bool is_audio_listener_3d() const;
	void _update_audio_listener_3d();
	void _listener_transform_3d_changed_notify();
	void _audio_listener_3d_set(AudioListener3D *p_listener);
	bool _audio_listener_3d_add(AudioListener3D *p_listener); 
	void _audio_listener_3d_remove(AudioListener3D *p_listener);
	void _audio_listener_3d_make_next_current(AudioListener3D *p_exclude);
	void _collision_object_3d_input_event(CollisionObject3D *p_object, Camera3D *p_camera, const Ref<InputEvent> &p_input_event, const Vector3 &p_pos, const Vector3 &p_normal, int p_shape);
	struct Camera3DOverrideData {
		Transform3D transform;
		enum Projection {