### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
void set_positional_shadow_atlas_16_bits(bool p_16_bits);
	bool get_positional_shadow_atlas_16_bits() const;
	void set_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(int p_quadrant, PositionalShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv p_subdiv);
	PositionalShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv get_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(int p_quadrant) const;
	void set_msaa_2d(MSAA p_msaa);
	MSAA get_msaa_2d() const;
	void set_msaa_3d(MSAA p_msaa);
	MSAA get_msaa_3d() const;
	void set_screen_space_aa(ScreenSpaceAA p_screen_space_aa);
	ScreenSpaceAA get_screen_space_aa() const;
	void set_use_taa(bool p_use_taa);
	bool is_using_taa() const;
	void set_scaling_3d_mode(Scaling3DMode p_scaling_3d_mode);
	Scaling3DMode get_scaling_3d_mode() const;
	void set_scaling_3d_scale(float p_scaling_3d_scale);
	float get_scaling_3d_scale() const;
	void set_fsr_sharpness(float p_fsr_sharpness);
	float get_fsr_sharpness() const;
	void set_texture_mipmap_bias(float p_texture_mipmap_bias);
	float get_texture_mipmap_bias() const;
	void set_use_debanding(bool p_use_debanding);
	bool is_using_debanding() const;
	void set_mesh_lod_threshold(float p_pixels);
	float get_mesh_lod_threshold() const;
	void set_use_occlusion_culling(bool p_us_occlusion_culling);
	bool is_using_occlusion_culling() const;
	Vector2 get_camera_coords(const Vector2 &p_viewport_coords) const;
	Vector2 get_camera_rect_size() const;
	void push_text_input(const String &p_text);
	void push_input(const Ref<InputEvent> &p_event, bool p_local_coords = false);