### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
for (int i = 0; i < staging_buffer_blocks.size(); i++) {
								staging_buffer_blocks.write[i].frame_used = 0;
								staging_buffer_blocks.write[i].fill_amount = 0;
							}
							
							staging_buffer_blocks.write[staging_buffer_current].frame_used = frames_drawn;
						}
					}
				} else {
					
					continue;
				}
			}
		} else if (staging_buffer_blocks[staging_buffer_current].frame_used <= frames_drawn - frame_count) {
			
			staging_buffer_blocks.write[staging_buffer_current].frame_used = frames_drawn;
			staging_buffer_blocks.write[staging_buffer_current].fill_amount = 0;
		} else {
			
			if ((uint64_t)staging_buffer_blocks.size() * staging_buffer_block_size < staging_buffer_max_size) {
				
				Error err = _insert_staging_block();
				if (err) {
					return err;
				}
				
				staging_buffer_blocks.write[staging_buffer_current].frame_used = frames_drawn;
			} else {