### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

r_gl_format = GL_RGBA;
				r_gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
				r_compressed = true;
			} else {
				need_decompress = true;
			}
		} break;
		case Image::FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_HDR: {
			if (config->astc_hdr_supported) {
				r_gl_internal_format = _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_4x4_KHR;
				r_gl_format = GL_RGBA;
				r_gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
				r_compressed = true;
			} else {
				need_decompress = true;
			}
		} break;
		case Image::FORMAT_ASTC_8x8: {
			if (config->astc_supported) {
				r_gl_internal_format = _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_8x8_KHR;
				r_gl_format = GL_RGBA;
				r_gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
				r_compressed = true;
			} else {
				need_decompress = true;
			}
		} break;
		case Image::FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_HDR: {
			if (config->astc_hdr_supported) {
				r_gl_internal_format = _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_8x8_KHR;