### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

break; 
			}
			base_size *= 2;
		}
		texture_atlas.size.width = base_size * border;
		texture_atlas.size.height = nearest_power_of_2_templated(atlas_height * border);
		for (int i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
			TextureAtlas::Texture *t = texture_atlas.textures.getptr(items[i].texture);
			t->uv_rect.position = items[i].pos * border + Vector2i(border / 2, border / 2);
			t->uv_rect.size = items[i].pixel_size;
			t->uv_rect.position /= Size2(texture_atlas.size);
			t->uv_rect.size /= Size2(texture_atlas.size);
		}
	} else {
		texture_atlas.size.width = 4;
		texture_atlas.size.height = 4;
	}
	{ 
		
		glGenTextures(1, &texture_atlas.texture);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_atlas.texture);
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, texture_atlas.size.width, texture_atlas.size.height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
		GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_allocated_data(texture_atlas.texture, texture_atlas.size.width * texture_atlas.size.height * 4, "Texture atlas");
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 1);