### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
if (err) {
		
		ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(RID(), "vkCreateImageView failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	}
	
	{
		VkImageMemoryBarrier image_memory_barrier;
		image_memory_barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
		image_memory_barrier.pNext = nullptr;
		image_memory_barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
		image_memory_barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		image_memory_barrier.newLayout = texture.layout;
		image_memory_barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		image_memory_barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		image_memory_barrier.image = texture.image;
		image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = texture.barrier_aspect_mask;
		image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = texture.mipmaps;
		image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = texture.layers;
		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(frames[frame].setup_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &image_memory_barrier);
	}
	RID id = texture_owner.make_rid(texture);
#ifdef DEV_ENABLED
	set_resource_name(id, "RID:" + itos(id.get_id()));
#endif
	return id;
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::texture_create_shared_from_slice(const TextureView &p_view, RID p_with_texture, uint32_t p_layer, uint32_t p_mipmap, uint32_t p_mipmaps, TextureSliceType p_slice_type, uint32_t p_layers) {