### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM,
};
const char *RenderingDeviceVulkan::named_formats[RenderingDevice::DATA_FORMAT_MAX] = {
	"R4G4_Unorm_Pack8",
	"R4G4B4A4_Unorm_Pack16",
	"B4G4R4A4_Unorm_Pack16",
	"R5G6B5_Unorm_Pack16",
	"B5G6R5_Unorm_Pack16",
	"R5G5B5A1_Unorm_Pack16",
	"B5G5R5A1_Unorm_Pack16",
	"A1R5G5B5_Unorm_Pack16",
	"R8_Unorm",
	"R8_Snorm",