### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
vrs_attachment_info.shadingRateAttachmentTexelSize = { uint32_t(texel_size.x), uint32_t(texel_size.y) };
			attachment_last_pass[attachment] = i;
			subpass_nextptr = &vrs_attachment_info;
		}
		LocalVector<uint32_t> &preserve_references = preserve_reference_array[i];
		for (int j = 0; j < pass->preserve_attachments.size(); j++) {
			int32_t attachment = pass->preserve_attachments[j];
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(attachment == FramebufferPass::ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), preserve attachment (" + itos(j) + "). Preserve attachments can't be unused.");
			ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V_MSG(attachment, p_attachments.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), preserve attachment (" + itos(j) + ").");
			if (attachment_last_pass[attachment] != i) {
				
				attachment_last_pass[attachment] = i;
				preserve_references.push_back(attachment);
			}
		}
		VkSubpassDescription2KHR &subpass = subpasses[i];
		subpass.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2_KHR;
		subpass.pNext = subpass_nextptr;
		subpass.flags = 0;
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		if (p_view_count == 1) {
			
			subpass.viewMask = 0;
		} else {
			subpass.viewMask = view_mask;
		}
		subpass.inputAttachmentCount = input_references.size();
		if (input_references.size()) {
			subpass.pInputAttachments = input_references.ptr();
		} else {