### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_256);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_1024);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SCALING_3D_MODE_BILINEAR);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SCALING_3D_MODE_FSR);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SCALING_3D_MODE_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MSAA_DISABLED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MSAA_2X);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MSAA_4X);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MSAA_8X);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MSAA_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SCREEN_SPACE_AA_DISABLED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SCREEN_SPACE_AA_FXAA);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SCREEN_SPACE_AA_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_OBJECTS_IN_FRAME);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_PRIMITIVES_IN_FRAME);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_DRAW_CALLS_IN_FRAME);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_TYPE_VISIBLE);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_TYPE_SHADOW);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(RENDER_INFO_TYPE_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_DISABLED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_UNSHADED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_LIGHTING);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_OVERDRAW);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_WIREFRAME);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_NORMAL_BUFFER);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_VOXEL_GI_ALBEDO);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_VOXEL_GI_LIGHTING);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(DEBUG_DRAW_VOXEL_GI_EMISSION);