### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
* @param p_method A pointer to a StringName with the method name.
 * @param p_hash A hash representing the method signature.
 *
 * @return A pointer to a function that can call a builtin method on a type of Variant.
 */
typedef GDExtensionPtrBuiltInMethod (*GDExtensionInterfaceVariantGetPtrBuiltinMethod)(GDExtensionVariantType p_type, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_method, GDExtensionInt p_hash);
/**
 * @name variant_get_ptr_constructor
 * @since 4.1
 *
 * Gets a pointer to a function that can call one of the constructors for a type of Variant.
 *
 * @param p_type The Variant type.
 * @param p_constructor The index of the constructor.
 *
 * @return A pointer to a function that can call one of the constructors for a type of Variant.
 */
typedef GDExtensionPtrConstructor (*GDExtensionInterfaceVariantGetPtrConstructor)(GDExtensionVariantType p_type, int32_t p_constructor);
/**
 * @name variant_get_ptr_destructor
 * @since 4.1
 *
 * Gets a pointer to a function than can call the destructor for a type of Variant.
 *
 * @param p_type The Variant type.
 *
 * @return A pointer to a function than can call the destructor for a type of Variant.
 */
typedef GDExtensionPtrDestructor (*GDExtensionInterfaceVariantGetPtrDestructor)(GDExtensionVariantType p_type);
/**