### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	Framebuffer *framebuffer = framebuffer_owner.get_or_null(p_framebuffer);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!framebuffer, INVALID_ID);
	return framebuffer->format_id;
}
bool RenderingDeviceVulkan::framebuffer_is_valid(RID p_framebuffer) const {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	return framebuffer_owner.owns(p_framebuffer);
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::framebuffer_set_invalidation_callback(RID p_framebuffer, InvalidationCallback p_callback, void *p_userdata) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	Framebuffer *framebuffer = framebuffer_owner.get_or_null(p_framebuffer);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!framebuffer);
	framebuffer->invalidated_callback = p_callback;
	framebuffer->invalidated_callback_userdata = p_userdata;
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::sampler_create(const SamplerState &p_state) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler_create_info;
	sampler_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
	sampler_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
	sampler_create_info.flags = 0;