### Godot version

4.1 stable, 4.1.1 rc1

### System information

Windows 10, Forward +

### Issue description

When updating the global_position of a Node2D that's outside of the scene tree, the global_position does not update. I came across this issue because when I instantiate a scene, I usually set the instantiated object's properties before adding it to the scene tree. When I tried setting the global_position, I noticed the value seems to stay at (0,0). Interestingly, even though the global_position does not update, the position property does. Is it fine to update a node's (global) position when it's not inside the scene tree? Or should we not do this

Also possibly related to #75676

### Steps to reproduce

```gdscript
extends Node

func _ready() -> void:
	var a = Node2D.new()
	a.global_position = Vector2(1, 1)
	assert(a.global_position == Vector2(1, 1))
```

The above assertion fails on 4.1 stable and 4.1.1 rc1, but succeeds on 4.0.2 and 4.0.3. I didn't test other versions besides these

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
Rect2 parent_rect = get_parent_anchorable_rect();
	real_t edge_pos[4];
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		real_t area = parent_rect.size[i & 1];
		edge_pos[i] = data.offset[i] + (data.anchor[i] * area);
	}
	Point2 new_pos_cache = Point2(edge_pos[0], edge_pos[1]);
	Size2 new_size_cache = Point2(edge_pos[2], edge_pos[3]) - new_pos_cache;
	Size2 minimum_size = get_combined_minimum_size();
	if (minimum_size.width > new_size_cache.width) {
		if (data.h_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BEGIN) {
			new_pos_cache.x += new_size_cache.width - minimum_size.width;
		} else if (data.h_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BOTH) {
			new_pos_cache.x += 0.5 * (new_size_cache.width - minimum_size.width);
		}
		new_size_cache.width = minimum_size.width;
	}
	if (is_layout_rtl()) {
		new_pos_cache.x = parent_rect.size.x + 2 * parent_rect.position.x - new_pos_cache.x - new_size_cache.x;
	}
	if (minimum_size.height > new_size_cache.height) {
		if (data.v_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BEGIN) {
			new_pos_cache.y += new_size_cache.height - minimum_size.height;
		} else if (data.v_grow == GROW_DIRECTION_BOTH) {
			new_pos_cache.y += 0.5 * (new_size_cache.height - minimum_size.height);
		}
		new_size_cache.height = minimum_size.height;