### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
subpass.pInputAttachments = nullptr;
		}
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = color_references.size();
		if (color_references.size()) {
			subpass.pColorAttachments = color_references.ptr();
		} else {
			subpass.pColorAttachments = nullptr;
		}
		if (depth_stencil_reference.attachment != VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
			subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depth_stencil_reference;
		} else {
			subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
		}
		if (resolve_references.size()) {
			subpass.pResolveAttachments = resolve_references.ptr();
		} else {
			subpass.pResolveAttachments = nullptr;
		}
		subpass.preserveAttachmentCount = preserve_references.size();
		if (preserve_references.size()) {
			subpass.pPreserveAttachments = preserve_references.ptr();
		} else {
			subpass.pPreserveAttachments = nullptr;
		}
		if (r_samples) {
			r_samples->push_back(texture_samples);
		}
		if (i > 0) {
			VkSubpassDependency2KHR dependency;
			dependency.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2_KHR;