### Godot version

4.1.1 stable

### System information

Windows 10

### Issue description

this is the default size loaded on startup 1024 which seems fine but it actually have loaded the default [2048] and ignored the size in project settings
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/c8c71de7-468a-487f-8e6c-dba1ce0f8fa5)

changing it now to any size will break it 
[2048]
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/3082ff09-b7d7-41f7-8fbb-813074a54135)

[512]
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/5ea4620f-52b5-4d0e-a5f5-747e777cd59d)


### Steps to reproduce

change 2d shadow atlas size in project settings while using compatibility renderer. 

### Minimal reproduction project

_
glVertexAttribPointer(RS::ARRAY_TEX_UV, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 4, CAST_INT_TO_UCHAR_PTR(8));
		glBindVertexArray(0);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 
	}
	
	{
		
		glGenBuffers(1, &data.ninepatch_vertices);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.ninepatch_vertices);
		glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * (16 + 16) * 2, nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
		
		glGenBuffers(1, &data.ninepatch_elements);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.ninepatch_elements);
#define _EIDX(y, x) (y * 4 + x)
		uint8_t elems[3 * 2 * 9] = {
			
			_EIDX(0, 0), _EIDX(0, 1), _EIDX(1, 1),
			_EIDX(1, 1), _EIDX(1, 0), _EIDX(0, 0),
			_EIDX(0, 1), _EIDX(0, 2), _EIDX(1, 2),
			_EIDX(1, 2), _EIDX(1, 1), _EIDX(0, 1),
			_EIDX(0, 2), _EIDX(0, 3), _EIDX(1, 3),
			_EIDX(1, 3), _EIDX(1, 2), _EIDX(0, 2),
			
			_EIDX(1, 0), _EIDX(1, 1), _EIDX(2, 1),
			_EIDX(2, 1), _EIDX(2, 0), _EIDX(1, 0),
			
			
			
			_EIDX(1, 2), _EIDX(1, 3), _EIDX(2, 3),