### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
Node *n = get_parent();
		ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(n, Rect2i());
		Viewport *p = n->get_viewport();
		ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(p, Rect2i());
		return p->get_visible_rect();
	} else {
		int x = get_position().x;
		int closest_dist = 0x7FFFFFFF;
		Rect2i closest_rect;
		for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_singleton()->get_screen_count(); i++) {
			Rect2i s(DisplayServer::get_singleton()->screen_get_position(i), DisplayServer::get_singleton()->screen_get_size(i));
			int d;
			if (x >= s.position.x && x < s.size.x) {
				
				closest_rect = s;
				break;
			} else if (x < s.position.x) {
				d = s.position.x - x;
			} else {
				d = x - (s.position.x + s.size.x);
			}
			if (d < closest_dist) {
				closest_dist = d;
				closest_rect = s;
			}
		}
		return closest_rect;
	}
}
void Window::set_clamp_to_embedder(bool p_enable) {