### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
SubWindow sw = gui.sub_windows.write[i];
			
			Rect2i r = Rect2i(sw.window->get_position(), sw.window->get_size());
			if (!sw.window->get_flag(Window::FLAG_BORDERLESS)) {
				
				int title_height = sw.window->get_theme_constant(SNAME("title_height"));
				Rect2i title_bar = r;
				title_bar.position.y -= title_height;
				title_bar.size.y = title_height;
				if (title_bar.size.y > 0 && title_bar.has_point(mb->get_position())) {
					click_on_window = sw.window;
					int close_h_ofs = sw.window->get_theme_constant(SNAME("close_h_offset"));
					int close_v_ofs = sw.window->get_theme_constant(SNAME("close_v_offset"));
					Ref<Texture2D> close_icon = sw.window->get_theme_icon(SNAME("close"));
					Rect2 close_rect;
					close_rect.position = Vector2(r.position.x + r.size.x - close_h_ofs, r.position.y - close_v_ofs);
					close_rect.size = close_icon->get_size();
					if (gui.subwindow_focused != sw.window) {
						
						_sub_window_grab_focus(sw.window);
					}
					if (close_rect.has_point(mb->get_position())) {
						gui.subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE;
						gui.subwindow_drag_close_inside = true; 
						gui.subwindow_drag_close_rect = close_rect;
					} else {
						gui.subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_MOVE;
					}
					gui.subwindow_drag_from = mb->get_position();
					gui.subwindow_drag_pos = sw.window->get_position();