### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

diff.y = MAX(diff.y, -limit.y);
						r.size += diff;
					} break;
					default: {
					}
				}
				Size2i max_size = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_max_size();
				if ((max_size.x > 0 || max_size.y > 0) && (max_size.x >= min_size.x && max_size.y >= min_size.y)) {
					max_size.x = MAX(max_size.x, 1);
					max_size.y = MAX(max_size.y, 1);
					if (r.size.x > max_size.x) {
						r.size.x = max_size.x;
					}
					if (r.size.y > max_size.y) {
						r.size.y = max_size.y;
					}
				}
				gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->_rect_changed_callback(r);
			}
			if (gui.currently_dragged_subwindow) { 
				_sub_window_update(gui.currently_dragged_subwindow);
			}
		}
		return true; 
	}
	Ref<InputEventMouseButton> mb = p_event;
	
	if (mb.is_valid() && mb->is_pressed() && mb->get_button_index() == MouseButton::LEFT) {
		Window *click_on_window = nullptr;
		for (int i = gui.sub_windows.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {