### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	uint64_t last_modified_time = 0;
	uint64_t import_last_modified_time = 0;
	String import_path;
#endif
	bool local_to_scene = false;
	friend class SceneState;
	Node *local_scene = nullptr;
	SelfList<Resource> remapped_list;
protected:
	virtual void _resource_path_changed();
	static void _bind_methods();
	void _set_path(const String &p_path);
	void _take_over_path(const String &p_path);
public:
	static Node *(*_get_local_scene_func)(); 
	static void (*_update_configuration_warning)(); 
	void update_configuration_warning();
	virtual bool editor_can_reload_from_file();
	virtual void reset_state(); 
	virtual Error copy_from(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource);
	virtual void reload_from_file();
	void emit_changed();
	void connect_changed(const Callable &p_callable, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
	void disconnect_changed(const Callable &p_callable);
	void set_name(const String &p_name);
	String get_name() const;
	virtual void set_path(const String &p_path, bool p_take_over = false);
	String get_path() const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ bool is_built_in() const { return path_cache.is_empty() || path_cache.contains("::") || path_cache.begins_with("local://"); }