### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
if (gui.subwindow_drag != SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_DISABLED) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(gui.currently_dragged_subwindow == nullptr, false);
		Ref<InputEventMouseButton> mb = p_event;
		if (mb.is_valid() && !mb->is_pressed() && mb->get_button_index() == MouseButton::LEFT) {
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE) {
				if (gui.subwindow_drag_close_rect.has_point(mb->get_position())) {
					
					gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->_event_callback(DisplayServer::WINDOW_EVENT_CLOSE_REQUEST);
				}
			}
			gui.subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_DISABLED;
			if (gui.currently_dragged_subwindow != nullptr) { 
				_sub_window_update(gui.currently_dragged_subwindow);
				gui.currently_dragged_subwindow = nullptr;
			}
		}
		Ref<InputEventMouseMotion> mm = p_event;
		if (mm.is_valid()) {
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_MOVE) {
				Vector2 diff = mm->get_position() - gui.subwindow_drag_from;
				Rect2i new_rect(gui.subwindow_drag_pos + diff, gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_size());
				if (gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->is_clamped_to_embedder()) {
					new_rect = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->fit_rect_in_parent(new_rect, get_visible_rect());