### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (p_disable == disable_input) {
		return;
	}
	if (p_disable) {
		_drop_mouse_focus();
		_mouse_leave_viewport();
		_gui_cancel_tooltip();
	}
	disable_input = p_disable;
}
bool Viewport::is_input_disabled() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(false);
	return disable_input;
}
Variant Viewport::gui_get_drag_data() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Variant());
	return gui.drag_data;
}
PackedStringArray Viewport::get_configuration_warnings() const {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD_V(PackedStringArray());
	PackedStringArray warnings = Node::get_configuration_warnings();
	if (size.x <= 1 || size.y <= 1) {
		warnings.push_back(RTR("The Viewport size must be greater than or equal to 2 pixels on both dimensions to render anything."));
	}
	return warnings;
}
void Viewport::gui_reset_canvas_sort_index() {