### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

SubWindow sw = gui.sub_windows.write[i];
			
			Rect2i r = Rect2i(sw.window->get_position(), sw.window->get_size());
			if (!sw.window->get_flag(Window::FLAG_BORDERLESS)) {
				
				int title_height = sw.window->get_theme_constant(SNAME("title_height"));
				Rect2i title_bar = r;
				title_bar.position.y -= title_height;
				title_bar.size.y = title_height;
				if (title_bar.size.y > 0 && title_bar.has_point(mb->get_position())) {
					click_on_window = sw.window;
					int close_h_ofs = sw.window->get_theme_constant(SNAME("close_h_offset"));
					int close_v_ofs = sw.window->get_theme_constant(SNAME("close_v_offset"));
					Ref<Texture2D> close_icon = sw.window->get_theme_icon(SNAME("close"));
					Rect2 close_rect;
					close_rect.position = Vector2(r.position.x + r.size.x - close_h_ofs, r.position.y - close_v_ofs);
					close_rect.size = close_icon->get_size();
					if (gui.subwindow_focused != sw.window) {
						
						_sub_window_grab_focus(sw.window);
					}
					if (close_rect.has_point(mb->get_position())) {
						gui.subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE;
						gui.subwindow_drag_close_inside = true; 
						gui.subwindow_drag_close_rect = close_rect;
					} else {
						gui.subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_MOVE;
					}
					gui.subwindow_drag_from = mb->get_position();
					gui.subwindow_drag_pos = sw.window->get_position();