### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
draw_list_storage_textures.push_back(p_storage_textures[i]);
		}
	}
	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(command_buffer, &render_pass_begin, subpass_contents);
	
	draw_list_bound_textures.clear();
	draw_list_unbind_color_textures = p_final_color_action != FINAL_ACTION_CONTINUE;
	draw_list_unbind_depth_textures = p_final_depth_action != FINAL_ACTION_CONTINUE;
	for (int i = 0; i < framebuffer->texture_ids.size(); i++) {
		Texture *texture = texture_owner.get_or_null(framebuffer->texture_ids[i]);
		if (!texture) {
			continue;
		}
		texture->bound = true;
		draw_list_bound_textures.push_back(framebuffer->texture_ids[i]);
	}
	return OK;
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::_draw_list_insert_clear_region(DrawList *p_draw_list, Framebuffer *p_framebuffer, Point2i p_viewport_offset, Point2i p_viewport_size, bool p_clear_color, const Vector<Color> &p_clear_colors, bool p_clear_depth, float p_depth, uint32_t p_stencil) {
	Vector<VkClearAttachment> clear_attachments;
	int color_index = 0;
	int texture_index = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < p_framebuffer->texture_ids.size(); i++) {
		Texture *texture = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_framebuffer->texture_ids[i]);
		if (!texture) {
			texture_index++;
			continue;
		}
		VkClearAttachment clear_at = {};
		if (p_clear_color && texture->usage_flags & TEXTURE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT) {