### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_viewport_path_in_scene", "path"), &ViewportTexture::set_viewport_path_in_scene);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_viewport_path_in_scene"), &ViewportTexture::get_viewport_path_in_scene);
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::NODE_PATH, "viewport_path", PROPERTY_HINT_NODE_PATH_VALID_TYPES, "Viewport", PROPERTY_USAGE_DEFAULT | PROPERTY_USAGE_NODE_PATH_FROM_SCENE_ROOT), "set_viewport_path_in_scene", "get_viewport_path_in_scene");
}
ViewportTexture::ViewportTexture() {
	set_local_to_scene(true);
}
ViewportTexture::~ViewportTexture() {
	if (vp) {
		vp->viewport_textures.erase(this);
	}
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(RenderingServer::get_singleton());
	if (proxy_ph.is_valid()) {
		RS::get_singleton()->free(proxy_ph);
	}
	if (proxy.is_valid()) {
		RS::get_singleton()->free(proxy);
	}
}
void Viewport::_process_dirty_canvas_parent_orders() {