### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

bool get_positional_shadow_atlas_16_bits() const;
	void set_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(int p_quadrant, PositionalShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv p_subdiv);
	PositionalShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv get_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(int p_quadrant) const;
	void set_msaa_2d(MSAA p_msaa);
	MSAA get_msaa_2d() const;
	void set_msaa_3d(MSAA p_msaa);
	MSAA get_msaa_3d() const;
	void set_screen_space_aa(ScreenSpaceAA p_screen_space_aa);
	ScreenSpaceAA get_screen_space_aa() const;
	void set_use_taa(bool p_use_taa);
	bool is_using_taa() const;
	void set_scaling_3d_mode(Scaling3DMode p_scaling_3d_mode);
	Scaling3DMode get_scaling_3d_mode() const;
	void set_scaling_3d_scale(float p_scaling_3d_scale);
	float get_scaling_3d_scale() const;
	void set_fsr_sharpness(float p_fsr_sharpness);
	float get_fsr_sharpness() const;
	void set_texture_mipmap_bias(float p_texture_mipmap_bias);
	float get_texture_mipmap_bias() const;
	void set_use_debanding(bool p_use_debanding);
	bool is_using_debanding() const;
	void set_mesh_lod_threshold(float p_pixels);
	float get_mesh_lod_threshold() const;
	void set_use_occlusion_culling(bool p_us_occlusion_culling);
	bool is_using_occlusion_culling() const;
	Vector2 get_camera_coords(const Vector2 &p_viewport_coords) const;
	Vector2 get_camera_rect_size() const;
	void push_text_input(const String &p_text);
	void push_input(const Ref<InputEvent> &p_event, bool p_local_coords = false);
#ifndef DISABLE_DEPRECATED