### Godot version

v4.0.beta14.official [28a24639c]
v4.0.1.stable.official [cacf49999]

### System information

Windows 11 22H2, Forward+, NVIDIA MX350 (528.02) and NVIDIA RTX2070 (517.00)
Ubuntu 22.04, Forward+, NVIDIA MX350 (525.85.05)

### Issue description

Instancing a GPUParticles3D can cause colored flashes on screen. In some cases (such as the minimal reproduction project), the flashes are small, however in my other project I have seen them fill the screen. I am still unsure what causes the different sizes

These are some example correct frames from the minimal reproduction project (the effect is supposed to be a fireball.)

<img width="578" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8741983/214133602-ff0e5916-fa0b-4e52-8dac-9701b8220a1d.png">

<img width="578" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8741983/214133646-c976fde1-569c-4d0a-9395-fd037f21e0b9.png">

These are some example incorrect frames.

<img width="578" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8741983/214133760-8e4804e8-f194-4d31-b943-0d93ab6d60cb.png">

<img width="578" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8741983/214132553-c6d4be93-5373-43b5-b52e-d9a33924e9bf.png">


### Steps to reproduce

Create two scenes, one with a GPUParticles3D, and one that instances those particles repeatedly, using a script. Flashes will occur on screen.

### Minimal reproduction project

[Particle Flash MRP.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10483071/Particle.Flash.MRP.zip)


Edit 1: Corrected driver version for my friend's computer.
Edit 2: Added note about the issue also appearing on Linux, and that the issue is still present in 4.0.1

*Bugsquad edit (keywords for easier searching): flicker, flickering*
uint32_t userdata_count = 0;
	MaterialStorage::ShaderData *shader_data = MaterialStorage::get_singleton()->material_get_shader_data(particles->process_material);
	if (shader_data) {
		const ParticlesShaderData *particle_shader_data = static_cast<const ParticlesShaderData *>(shader_data);
		userdata_count = particle_shader_data->userdata_count;
	}
	if (userdata_count != particles->userdata_count) {
		
		_particles_free_data(particles);
	}
	if (particles->amount > 0 && particles->particle_buffer.is_null()) {
		int total_amount = particles->amount;
		if (particles->trails_enabled && particles->trail_bind_poses.size() > 1) {
			total_amount *= particles->trail_bind_poses.size();
		}
		uint32_t xform_size = particles->mode == RS::PARTICLES_MODE_2D ? 2 : 3;
		particles->particle_buffer = RD::get_singleton()->storage_buffer_create((sizeof(ParticleData) + userdata_count * sizeof(float) * 4) * total_amount);
		particles->userdata_count = userdata_count;
		particles->particle_instance_buffer = RD::get_singleton()->storage_buffer_create(sizeof(float) * 4 * (xform_size + 1 + 1) * total_amount);
		
		{