### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
#include "tests/scene/test_navigation_agent_3d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_navigation_obstacle_2d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_navigation_obstacle_3d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_navigation_region_2d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_navigation_region_3d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_node.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_packed_scene.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_path_2d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_path_3d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_primitives.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_sprite_frames.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_text_edit.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_theme.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_viewport.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_visual_shader.h"
#include "tests/servers/rendering/test_shader_preprocessor.h"
#include "tests/servers/test_navigation_server_2d.h"
#include "tests/servers/test_navigation_server_3d.h"
#include "tests/servers/test_text_server.h"
#include "tests/test_validate_testing.h"
#include "modules/modules_tests.gen.h"
#include "tests/display_server_mock.h"
#include "tests/test_macros.h"
#include "scene/theme/theme_db.h"
#include "servers/navigation_server_2d.h"
#include "servers/navigation_server_3d.h"
#include "servers/physics_server_2d.h"
#include "servers/physics_server_3d.h"
#include "servers/rendering/rendering_server_default.h"
int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {