### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_NEAREST,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR_WITH_MIPMAPS,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_NEAREST_WITH_MIPMAPS,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_MAX
	};
	enum DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat {
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_REPEAT_DISABLED,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_REPEAT_ENABLED,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_REPEAT_MIRROR,
		DEFAULT_CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_REPEAT_MAX,
	};
	enum SDFOversize {
		SDF_OVERSIZE_100_PERCENT,
		SDF_OVERSIZE_120_PERCENT,
		SDF_OVERSIZE_150_PERCENT,
		SDF_OVERSIZE_200_PERCENT,
		SDF_OVERSIZE_MAX
	};
	enum SDFScale {
		SDF_SCALE_100_PERCENT,
		SDF_SCALE_50_PERCENT,
		SDF_SCALE_25_PERCENT,
		SDF_SCALE_MAX
	};
	enum {
		SUBWINDOW_CANVAS_LAYER = 1024
	};
	enum VRSMode {