### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
DrawList *dl = _get_draw_list_ptr(p_list);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!dl);
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(!dl->validation.active, "Submitted Draw Lists can no longer be modified.");
#endif
	const RenderPipeline *pipeline = render_pipeline_owner.get_or_null(p_render_pipeline);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!pipeline);
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	ERR_FAIL_COND(pipeline->validation.framebuffer_format != draw_list_framebuffer_format && pipeline->validation.render_pass != draw_list_current_subpass);
#endif
	if (p_render_pipeline == dl->state.pipeline) {
		return; 
	}
	dl->state.pipeline = p_render_pipeline;
	dl->state.pipeline_layout = pipeline->pipeline_layout;
	vkCmdBindPipeline(dl->command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline->pipeline);
	if (dl->state.pipeline_shader != pipeline->shader) {
		
		
		uint32_t pcount = pipeline->set_formats.size(); 
		dl->state.set_count = MAX(dl->state.set_count, pcount);
		const uint32_t *pformats = pipeline->set_formats.ptr(); 
		bool sets_valid = true; 
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pcount; i++) {
			
			if (!sets_valid || dl->state.sets[i].pipeline_expected_format != pformats[i]) {