### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_data.size() && (uint32_t)p_data.size() != p_size_bytes, RID());
	Buffer buffer;
	uint32_t flags = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT;
	if (p_usage.has_flag(STORAGE_BUFFER_USAGE_DISPATCH_INDIRECT)) {
		flags |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT;
	}
	Error err = _buffer_allocate(&buffer, p_size_bytes, flags, VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE, 0);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, RID());
	if (p_data.size()) {
		uint64_t data_size = p_data.size();
		const uint8_t *r = p_data.ptr();
		_buffer_update(&buffer, 0, r, data_size);
		_buffer_memory_barrier(buffer.buffer, 0, data_size, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT, false);
	}
	return storage_buffer_owner.make_rid(buffer);
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::texture_buffer_create(uint32_t p_size_elements, DataFormat p_format, const Vector<uint8_t> &p_data) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	uint32_t element_size = get_format_vertex_size(p_format);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(element_size == 0, RID(), "Format requested is not supported for texture buffers");
	uint64_t size_bytes = uint64_t(element_size) * p_size_elements;
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_data.size() && (uint32_t)p_data.size() != size_bytes, RID());
	TextureBuffer texture_buffer;