### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
offset += 4 - (binary_data.shader_name_len % 4);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < uniform_info.size(); i++) {
			int count = uniform_info[i].size();
			encode_uint32(count, binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			if (count > 0) {
				memcpy(binptr + offset, uniform_info[i].ptr(), sizeof(RenderingDeviceVulkanShaderBinaryDataBinding) * count);
				offset += sizeof(RenderingDeviceVulkanShaderBinaryDataBinding) * count;
			}
		}
		if (specialization_constants.size()) {
			memcpy(binptr + offset, specialization_constants.ptr(), sizeof(RenderingDeviceVulkanShaderBinarySpecializationConstant) * specialization_constants.size());
			offset += sizeof(RenderingDeviceVulkanShaderBinarySpecializationConstant) * specialization_constants.size();
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < compressed_stages.size(); i++) {
			encode_uint32(p_spirv[i].shader_stage, binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			encode_uint32(smolv_size[i], binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			encode_uint32(zstd_size[i], binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			memcpy(binptr + offset, compressed_stages[i].ptr(), compressed_stages[i].size());
			uint32_t s = compressed_stages[i].size();
			if (s % 4 != 0) {
				s += 4 - (s % 4);
			}
			offset += s;
		}
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(offset != (uint32_t)ret.size(), Vector<uint8_t>());