### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
				VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
				VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
				VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT |
				VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT |
				VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT |
				VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT;
		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(frames[frame].draw_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, 0, 1, &memoryBarrier, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
	}
	vkCmdWriteTimestamp(frames[frame].draw_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, frames[frame].timestamp_pool, frames[frame].timestamp_count);
	frames[frame].timestamp_names[frames[frame].timestamp_count] = p_name;
	frames[frame].timestamp_cpu_values[frames[frame].timestamp_count] = OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec();
	frames[frame].timestamp_count++;
}
uint64_t RenderingDeviceVulkan::get_driver_resource(DriverResource p_resource, RID p_rid, uint64_t p_index) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	switch (p_resource) {
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_DEVICE: {
			return (uint64_t)context->get_device();
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_PHYSICAL_DEVICE: {
			return (uint64_t)context->get_physical_device();
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_INSTANCE: {
			return (uint64_t)context->get_instance();
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_QUEUE: {
			return (uint64_t)context->get_graphics_queue();
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_QUEUE_FAMILY_INDEX: {