### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
vkDestroyPipelineCache(device, pipelines_cache.cache_object, nullptr);
	for (int i = 0; i < split_draw_list_allocators.size(); i++) {
		vkDestroyCommandPool(device, split_draw_list_allocators[i].command_pool, nullptr);
	}
	frames.clear();
	for (int i = 0; i < staging_buffer_blocks.size(); i++) {
		vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, staging_buffer_blocks[i].buffer, staging_buffer_blocks[i].allocation);
	}
	while (small_allocs_pools.size()) {
		HashMap<uint32_t, VmaPool>::Iterator E = small_allocs_pools.begin();
		vmaDestroyPool(allocator, E->value);
		small_allocs_pools.remove(E);
	}
	vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
	while (vertex_formats.size()) {
		HashMap<VertexFormatID, VertexDescriptionCache>::Iterator temp = vertex_formats.begin();
		memdelete_arr(temp->value.bindings);
		memdelete_arr(temp->value.attributes);
		vertex_formats.remove(temp);
	}
	for (KeyValue<FramebufferFormatID, FramebufferFormat> &E : framebuffer_formats) {
		vkDestroyRenderPass(device, E.value.render_pass, nullptr);
	}
	framebuffer_formats.clear();
	
	ERR_FAIL_COND(descriptor_pools.size());
	ERR_FAIL_COND(dependency_map.size());
	ERR_FAIL_COND(reverse_dependency_map.size());
}
RenderingDevice *RenderingDeviceVulkan::create_local_device() {