### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
if (mm.is_valid() && mm->get_device() == InputEvent::DEVICE_ID_INTERNAL) {
										send_event = false;
									}
								}
								HashMap<Pair<ObjectID, int>, uint64_t, PairHash<ObjectID, int>>::Iterator SF = physics_2d_shape_mouseover.find(Pair(res[i].collider_id, res[i].shape));
								if (!SF) {
									physics_2d_shape_mouseover.insert(Pair(res[i].collider_id, res[i].shape), frame);
									co->_mouse_shape_enter(res[i].shape);
								} else {
									SF->value = frame;
								}
							}
							if (send_event) {
								co->_input_event_call(this, ev, res[i].shape);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
			if (is_mouse) {
				_cleanup_mouseover_colliders(false, false, frame);
			}
		}
#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
		CollisionObject3D *capture_object = nullptr;
		if (physics_object_capture.is_valid()) {
			capture_object = Object::cast_to<CollisionObject3D>(ObjectDB::get_instance(physics_object_capture));
			if (!capture_object || !camera_3d || (mb.is_valid() && mb->get_button_index() == MouseButton::LEFT && !mb->is_pressed())) {
				physics_object_capture = ObjectID();