### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

Texture texture;
	texture.active = true;
	texture.is_external = true;
	texture.type = p_type;
	switch (p_type) {
		case Texture::TYPE_2D: {
			texture.target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
		} break;
		case Texture::TYPE_3D: {
			texture.target = GL_TEXTURE_3D;
		} break;
		case Texture::TYPE_LAYERED: {
			texture.target = GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY;
		} break;
	}
	texture.real_format = texture.format = p_format;
	texture.tex_id = p_image;
	texture.alloc_width = texture.width = p_width;
	texture.alloc_height = texture.height = p_height;
	texture.depth = p_depth;
	texture.layers = p_layers;
	texture.layered_type = p_layered_type;
	return texture_owner.make_rid(texture);
}
void TextureStorage::texture_2d_update(RID p_texture, const Ref<Image> &p_image, int p_layer) {