### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
Vector<VkBufferView> buffer_view;
				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < uniform.get_id_count(); j += 2) {
					VkSampler *sampler = sampler_owner.get_or_null(uniform.get_id(j + 0));
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!sampler, RID(), "SamplerBuffer (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ", index " + itos(j + 1) + ") is not a valid sampler.");
					TextureBuffer *buffer = texture_buffer_owner.get_or_null(uniform.get_id(j + 1));
					VkDescriptorImageInfo img_info;
					img_info.sampler = *sampler;
					img_info.imageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
					img_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
					image_info.push_back(img_info);
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!buffer, RID(), "SamplerBuffer (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ", index " + itos(j + 1) + ") is not a valid texture buffer.");
					buffer_info.push_back(buffer->buffer.buffer_info);
					buffer_view.push_back(buffer->view);
				}
				write.dstArrayElement = 0;
				write.descriptorCount = uniform.get_id_count() / 2;
				write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER;
				write.pImageInfo = image_infos.push_back(image_info)->get().ptr();
				write.pBufferInfo = buffer_infos.push_back(buffer_info)->get().ptr();
				write.pTexelBufferView = buffer_views.push_back(buffer_view)->get().ptr();
				type_size = uniform.get_id_count() / 2;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE_BUFFER: {
				
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER: {
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(uniform.get_id_count() != 1, RID(),
						"Uniform buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") must provide one ID (" + itos(uniform.get_id_count()) + " provided).");
				Buffer *buffer = uniform_buffer_owner.get_or_null(uniform.get_id(0));
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!buffer, RID(), "Uniform buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") is invalid.");