### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(!cl->validation.pipeline_push_constant_supplied,
				"The shader in this pipeline requires a push constant to be set before drawing, but it's not present.");
	}
#endif
	
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cl->state.set_count; i++) {
		if (cl->state.sets[i].pipeline_expected_format == 0) {
			continue; 
		}
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
		if (cl->state.sets[i].pipeline_expected_format != cl->state.sets[i].uniform_set_format) {
			if (cl->state.sets[i].uniform_set_format == 0) {
				ERR_FAIL_MSG("Uniforms were never supplied for set (" + itos(i) + ") at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline");
			} else if (uniform_set_owner.owns(cl->state.sets[i].uniform_set)) {
				UniformSet *us = uniform_set_owner.get_or_null(cl->state.sets[i].uniform_set);
				ERR_FAIL_MSG("Uniforms supplied for set (" + itos(i) + "):\n" + _shader_uniform_debug(us->shader_id, us->shader_set) + "\nare not the same format as required by the pipeline shader. Pipeline shader requires the following bindings:\n" + _shader_uniform_debug(cl->state.pipeline_shader));
			} else {
				ERR_FAIL_MSG("Uniforms supplied for set (" + itos(i) + ", which was was just freed) are not the same format as required by the pipeline shader. Pipeline shader requires the following bindings:\n" + _shader_uniform_debug(cl->state.pipeline_shader));
			}
		}
#endif
		if (!cl->state.sets[i].bound) {
			
			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cl->command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, cl->state.pipeline_layout, i, 1, &cl->state.sets[i].descriptor_set, 0, nullptr);
			cl->state.sets[i].bound = true;
		}
	}
	vkCmdDispatchIndirect(cl->command_buffer, buffer->buffer, p_offset);
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::compute_list_add_barrier(ComputeListID p_list) {