### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
}
				gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->_rect_changed_callback(new_rect);
				if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->has_feature(DisplayServer::FEATURE_CURSOR_SHAPE)) {
					DisplayServer::get_singleton()->cursor_set_shape(DisplayServer::CURSOR_MOVE);
				}
			}
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE) {
				gui.subwindow_drag_close_inside = gui.subwindow_drag_close_rect.has_point(mm->get_position());
			}
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_RESIZE) {
				Vector2i diff = mm->get_position() - gui.subwindow_drag_from;
				Size2i min_size = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_min_size();
				Size2i min_size_clamped = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_clamped_minimum_size();
				min_size_clamped.x = MAX(min_size_clamped.x, 1);
				min_size_clamped.y = MAX(min_size_clamped.y, 1);
				Rect2i r = gui.subwindow_resize_from_rect;
				Size2i limit = r.size - min_size_clamped;
				switch (gui.subwindow_resize_mode) {
					case SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_TOP_LEFT: {
						diff.x = MIN(diff.x, limit.x);
						diff.y = MIN(diff.y, limit.y);
						r.position += diff;
						r.size -= diff;
					} break;
					case SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_TOP: {
						diff.x = 0;
						diff.y = MIN(diff.y, limit.y);
						r.position += diff;
						r.size -= diff;
					} break;