### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
Framebuffer::VersionKey vk;
	vk.initial_color_action = p_initial_color_action;
	vk.final_color_action = p_final_color_action;
	vk.initial_depth_action = p_initial_depth_action;
	vk.final_depth_action = p_final_depth_action;
	vk.view_count = p_framebuffer->view_count;
	if (!p_framebuffer->framebuffers.has(vk)) {
		
		Framebuffer::Version version;
		version.render_pass = _render_pass_create(framebuffer_formats[p_framebuffer->format_id].E->key().attachments, framebuffer_formats[p_framebuffer->format_id].E->key().passes, p_initial_color_action, p_final_color_action, p_initial_depth_action, p_final_depth_action, p_framebuffer->view_count);
		VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebuffer_create_info;
		framebuffer_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
		framebuffer_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
		framebuffer_create_info.flags = 0;
		framebuffer_create_info.renderPass = version.render_pass;
		Vector<VkImageView> attachments;
		for (int i = 0; i < p_framebuffer->texture_ids.size(); i++) {
			Texture *texture = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_framebuffer->texture_ids[i]);
			if (texture) {
				attachments.push_back(texture->view);
				if (!(texture->usage_flags & TEXTURE_USAGE_VRS_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) { 
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V(texture->width != p_framebuffer->size.width, ERR_BUG);
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V(texture->height != p_framebuffer->size.height, ERR_BUG);
				}
			}
		}
		framebuffer_create_info.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
		framebuffer_create_info.pAttachments = attachments.ptr();
		framebuffer_create_info.width = p_framebuffer->size.width;