### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (world_2d == p_world_2d) {
		return;
	}
	if (is_inside_tree()) {
		RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_remove_canvas(viewport, current_canvas);
	}
	if (world_2d.is_valid()) {
		world_2d->remove_viewport(this);
	}
	if (p_world_2d.is_valid()) {
		bool do_propagate = world_2d.is_valid() && is_inside_tree();
		world_2d = p_world_2d;
		if (do_propagate) {
			_propagate_world_2d_changed(this);
		}
	} else {
		WARN_PRINT("Invalid world_2d");
		world_2d = Ref<World2D>(memnew(World2D));
	}
	world_2d->register_viewport(this);
	_update_audio_listener_2d();
	if (is_inside_tree()) {
		current_canvas = find_world_2d()->get_canvas();
		RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_attach_canvas(viewport, current_canvas);
	}
}
Ref<World2D> Viewport::find_world_2d() const {