### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Win 10

### Issue description

When Autoload scripts have compile errors, the error is not printed to Output. Instead, they fail when Running with an error completely unrelated to what's wrong:

```
USER ERROR: Script does not inherit from Node: res://thetrouble.gd.
   at: start (main/main.cpp:2776)
```

There's no other information. I assume this message is because their failure to compile means they don't get associated as a Node child (related to #75388?)? But I don't understand why they don't have any errors reported. I think it only occurs if they were added to Autoload before they got compiled/used?

I am using an external editor (gvim) and godot's LSP support. That correctly shows the error, but only when I'm editing the broken file which makes it unclear what's wrong. (When I first encountered this problem, I looked at the files, saw they were extending Node2D and didn't understand the problem. It's possible the lsp was failing to show any errors, but it shows errors now.)

### Steps to reproduce

1. New project, add scene
2. Add script "thetrouble.gd"
3. Add thetrouble.gd as an Autoload
4. Add invalid code to thetrouble.gd (two variables named `seq`) 
  * **Expected**: compile error reported
  * **Actual**: No output
5. Run project
  * **Expected**: compile error reported
  * **Actual**: Script does not inherit from Node: res://thetrouble.gd.
6. Add valid code to thetrouble.gd (assign a value to `seq`) 
  * **Expected**: compile error reported
  * **Actual**: No output

Note: If you mix up steps 2 and 3, the issue will not occur.

Workaround: Edit Autoloads and disable and re-enable thetrouble's autoload state and error messages appear. New errors even appear after this point.

### Minimal reproduction project

[repro.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11747339/repro.zip)

if (is_root_script()) {
		Script::set_path(p_path, p_take_over);
	}
	String old_path = path;
	path = p_path;
	GDScriptCache::move_script(old_path, p_path);
	for (KeyValue<StringName, Ref<GDScript>> &kv : subclasses) {
		kv.value->set_path(p_path, p_take_over);
	}
}
String GDScript::get_script_path() const {
	return path;
}
Error GDScript::load_source_code(const String &p_path) {
	if (p_path.is_empty() || p_path.begins_with("gdscript://") || ResourceLoader::get_resource_type(p_path.get_slice("::", 0)) == "PackedScene") {
		return OK;
	}
	Vector<uint8_t> sourcef;
	Error err;
	Ref<FileAccess> f = FileAccess::open(p_path, FileAccess::READ, &err);
	if (err) {
		const char *err_name;
		if (err < 0 || err >= ERR_MAX) {
			err_name = "(invalid error code)";
		} else {
			err_name = error_names[err];
		}
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, err, "Attempt to open script '" + p_path + "' resulted in error '" + err_name + "'.");
	}
	uint64_t len = f->get_length();