### Godot version

4.2.dev commit 013e8e3afb982d4b230f0039b6dc248b48794ab9

### System information

Any

### Issue description

The following code from [dialogic](https://github.com/coppolaemilio/dialogic) no longer works in 4.2-dev, but does in 4.1 and before:
```gdscript
class VariableFolder:
        var data = {}
        var path = ""
        var outside
        func _init(_data, _path, _outside):
                data = _data
                path = _path
                outside = _outside
        
        func _get(property):
                property = str(property)
                if property in data:
                        if typeof(data[property]) == TYPE_DICTIONARY:
                                return VariableFolder.new(data[property], path+"."+property, outside)  ### <====== ERROR ###
                        else:
                                return DialogicUtil.logical_convert(data[property])
        
        func _set(property, value):
                property = str(property)
                if not value is VariableFolder:
                        outside._set_value_in_dictionary(path+"."+property, outside.dialogic.current_state_info['variables'], value)
                        return true
                elif VariableFolder:
                        return true
```
On compilation this will give the error
```
SCRIPT ERROR: Compile Error: Identifier not found: VariableFolder
          at: GDScript::reload (res://addons/dialogic/Modules/Variable/subsystem_variables.gd:182)
```
(line 182 is the `VariableFolder.new` line)

i bisected it to the following commit, from #79880:
```
d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb is the first bad commit
commit d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb
Author: Danil Alexeev <danil@alexeev.xyz>
Date:   Tue Jul 25 14:21:49 2023 +0300

    GDScript: Fix bug with identifier shadowed below in current scope
```

### Steps to reproduce

i think the issue description is complete enough to allow reproduction, let me know if there's any problems.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
return bad_type;
								}
								result = ref->get_parser()->head->get_datatype();
							} else {
								result = make_script_meta_type(member.constant->initializer->reduced_value);
							}
							found = true;
							break;
						}
						[[fallthrough]];
					default:
						push_error(vformat(R"("%s" is a %s but does not contain a type.)", first, member.get_type_name()), p_type);
						return bad_type;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (!result.is_set()) {
		push_error(vformat(R"(Could not find type "%s" in the current scope.)", first), p_type);
		return bad_type;
	}
	if (p_type->type_chain.size() > 1) {
		if (result.kind == GDScriptParser::DataType::CLASS) {
			for (int i = 1; i < p_type->type_chain.size(); i++) {
				GDScriptParser::DataType base = result;
				reduce_identifier_from_base(p_type->type_chain[i], &base);
				result = p_type->type_chain[i]->get_datatype();
				if (!result.is_set()) {
					push_error(vformat(R"(Could not find type "%s" under base "%s".)", p_type->type_chain[i]->name, base.to_string()), p_type->type_chain[1]);
					return bad_type;