### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(false);
	return size_2d_override_stretch;
}
void SubViewport::set_update_mode(UpdateMode p_mode) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	update_mode = p_mode;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_update_mode(get_viewport_rid(), RS::ViewportUpdateMode(p_mode));
}
SubViewport::UpdateMode SubViewport::get_update_mode() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(UPDATE_DISABLED);
	return update_mode;
}
void SubViewport::set_clear_mode(ClearMode p_mode) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	clear_mode = p_mode;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_clear_mode(get_viewport_rid(), RS::ViewportClearMode(p_mode));
}
SubViewport::ClearMode SubViewport::get_clear_mode() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(CLEAR_MODE_ALWAYS);
	return clear_mode;
}
DisplayServer::WindowID SubViewport::get_window_id() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID);
	return DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID;
}
Transform2D SubViewport::get_screen_transform_internal(bool p_absolute_position) const {