### Godot version

4.1.dev3.official [a67d37f]

### System information

Windows 11 [Vulkan]

### Issue description

The work performed in #77154 drastically changed the visual characteristics of particle turbulence.  I am no longer able to get the same "turbulent" behaviour that existed before these changes - no matter which turbulence settings I change.  Please let me know if there's something I'm missing about the new implementation that would give this result.

![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/8756569/05a338a3-140b-4353-ae11-62ec9714b3d1)


### Steps to reproduce

To reproduce this is fairly simple:

1. Create a GPUParticles2D Node
2. Emit a significant number of particles (I'm emitting 50,000)
3. Set Initial Velocity [Max] to around 250, and Direction Spread to 180.  Enable turbulence
4. Set the turbulence_influence_min property to 0.1 (default) and turbulence_influence_max to 1
5. Observe how the turbulence appears in v4.1.dev3.official with the changes in #77154 versus the previous build without these changes.  The new implementation just results in some minor particle "jitter", but not the actual turbulence that it's supposed to have.


### Minimal reproduction project

No sample project provided, as the reproduction is quite simple to replicate.
if (color_ramp.is_valid()) {
		code += "	COLOR = hue_rot_mat * textureLod(color_ramp, vec2(tv, 0.0), 0.0) * color_value;\n";
	} else {
		code += "	COLOR = hue_rot_mat * color_value;\n";
	}
	if (color_initial_ramp.is_valid()) {
		code += "	vec4 start_color = textureLod(color_initial_ramp, vec2(color_initial_rand, 0.0), 0.0);\n";
		code += "	COLOR *= start_color;\n";
	}
	if (emission_color_texture.is_valid() && (emission_shape == EMISSION_SHAPE_POINTS || emission_shape == EMISSION_SHAPE_DIRECTED_POINTS)) {
		code += "	COLOR *= texelFetch(emission_texture_color, emission_tex_ofs, 0);\n";
	}
	code += "\n";
	if (particle_flags[PARTICLE_FLAG_DISABLE_Z]) {
		if (particle_flags[PARTICLE_FLAG_ALIGN_Y_TO_VELOCITY]) {
			code += "	if (length(VELOCITY) > 0.0) {\n";
			code += "		TRANSFORM[1].xyz = normalize(VELOCITY);\n";
			code += "	} else {\n";
			code += "		TRANSFORM[1].xyz = normalize(TRANSFORM[1].xyz);\n";
			code += "	}\n";
			code += "	TRANSFORM[0].xyz = normalize(cross(TRANSFORM[1].xyz, TRANSFORM[2].xyz));\n";
			code += "	TRANSFORM[2] = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);\n";
		} else {
			code += "	TRANSFORM[0] = vec4(cos(CUSTOM.x), -sin(CUSTOM.x), 0.0, 0.0);\n";
			code += "	TRANSFORM[1] = vec4(sin(CUSTOM.x), cos(CUSTOM.x), 0.0, 0.0);\n";
			code += "	TRANSFORM[2] = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);\n";
		}
	} else {
		
		if (particle_flags[PARTICLE_FLAG_ALIGN_Y_TO_VELOCITY]) {