### Godot version

4.1 beta 3

The same project works fine on 4.1 **beta 1 and beta 2.**

### System information

Tested on MacOS, Fedora and HTML5

### Issue description

I have a problem in version 4.1 beta 3 with a popup (popup panel). The first time it always displays correctly. Every subsequent time, I only see a black spot. 

[Nagranie ekranu z 2023-06-23 11-35-28.webm](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/5132385/f7a7ad08-754c-4b4b-b594-b6880eff5f3d)

*The same if I show popup by methods like popup_centered.


### Steps to reproduce

I'm trying to reproduce it with a clean and minimal example, but unfortunately, without success. Maybe someone else has this issue or knows a way to reproduce it?

### Minimal reproduction project

I'm trying to create it.
texture_2d_initialize(default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_NORMAL], image);
		}
		{
			Ref<Image> image = Image::create_empty(4, 4, true, Image::FORMAT_RGBA8);
			image->fill(Color(1.0, 0.5, 1, 1));
			image->generate_mipmaps();
			default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_ANISO] = texture_allocate();
			texture_2d_initialize(default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_ANISO], image);
		}
		{
			unsigned char pixel_data[4 * 4 * 4];
			for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 0] = 0;
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 1] = 0;
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 2] = 0;
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 3] = 0;
			}
			default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_2D_UINT] = texture_allocate();
			Texture texture;
			texture.width = 4;
			texture.height = 4;
			texture.format = Image::FORMAT_RGBA8;
			texture.type = Texture::TYPE_2D;
			texture.target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
			texture.active = true;
			glGenTextures(1, &texture.tex_id);
			texture_owner.initialize_rid(default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_2D_UINT], texture);
			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.tex_id);
			glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8UI, 4, 4, 0, GL_RGBA_INTEGER, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel_data);
			GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_allocated_data(texture.tex_id, 4 * 4 * 4, "Default uint texture");