### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(p_viewport);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(p_control);
	if (gui.mouse_focus) {
		p_viewport->gui.mouse_focus = p_control;
		p_viewport->gui.mouse_focus_mask = gui.mouse_focus_mask;
		p_viewport->gui.key_focus = p_control;
		p_viewport->gui.forced_mouse_focus = true;
		gui.mouse_focus = nullptr;
		gui.forced_mouse_focus = false;
		gui.mouse_focus_mask.clear();
	}
}
void Viewport::set_sdf_oversize(SDFOversize p_sdf_oversize) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_sdf_oversize, SDF_OVERSIZE_MAX);
	sdf_oversize = p_sdf_oversize;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_sdf_oversize_and_scale(viewport, RS::ViewportSDFOversize(sdf_oversize), RS::ViewportSDFScale(sdf_scale));
}
Viewport::SDFOversize Viewport::get_sdf_oversize() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(SDF_OVERSIZE_100_PERCENT);
	return sdf_oversize;
}
void Viewport::set_sdf_scale(SDFScale p_sdf_scale) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_sdf_scale, SDF_SCALE_MAX);
	sdf_scale = p_sdf_scale;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_sdf_oversize_and_scale(viewport, RS::ViewportSDFOversize(sdf_oversize), RS::ViewportSDFScale(sdf_scale));
}
Viewport::SDFScale Viewport::get_sdf_scale() const {