### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
void set_title(const String &p_title);
	String get_title() const;
	void set_initial_position(WindowInitialPosition p_initial_position);
	WindowInitialPosition get_initial_position() const;
	void set_current_screen(int p_screen);
	int get_current_screen() const;
	void set_position(const Point2i &p_position);
	Point2i get_position() const;
	void set_size(const Size2i &p_size);
	Size2i get_size() const;
	void reset_size();
	Point2i get_position_with_decorations() const;
	Size2i get_size_with_decorations() const;
	void set_max_size(const Size2i &p_max_size);
	Size2i get_max_size() const;
	void set_min_size(const Size2i &p_min_size);
	Size2i get_min_size() const;
	void set_mode(Mode p_mode);
	Mode get_mode() const;
	void set_flag(Flags p_flag, bool p_enabled);
	bool get_flag(Flags p_flag) const;
	bool is_maximize_allowed() const;
	void request_attention();
	void move_to_foreground();
	void set_visible(bool p_visible);
	bool is_visible() const;
	void update_mouse_cursor_state() override;
	void show();
	void hide();
	void set_transient(bool p_transient);