### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
vdcache.create_info.pNext = nullptr;
	vdcache.create_info.flags = 0;
	vdcache.create_info.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = p_vertex_formats.size();
	vdcache.create_info.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vdcache.attributes;
	vdcache.create_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = p_vertex_formats.size();
	vdcache.create_info.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vdcache.bindings;
	vdcache.vertex_formats = p_vertex_formats;
	VertexFormatID id = VertexFormatID(vertex_format_cache.size()) | (VertexFormatID(ID_TYPE_VERTEX_FORMAT) << ID_BASE_SHIFT);
	vertex_format_cache[key] = id;
	vertex_formats[id] = vdcache;
	return id;
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::vertex_array_create(uint32_t p_vertex_count, VertexFormatID p_vertex_format, const Vector<RID> &p_src_buffers, const Vector<uint64_t> &p_offsets) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!vertex_formats.has(p_vertex_format), RID());
	const VertexDescriptionCache &vd = vertex_formats[p_vertex_format];
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(vd.vertex_formats.size() != p_src_buffers.size(), RID());
	for (int i = 0; i < p_src_buffers.size(); i++) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!vertex_buffer_owner.owns(p_src_buffers[i]), RID());
	}
	VertexArray vertex_array;
	if (p_offsets.is_empty()) {
		vertex_array.offsets.resize_zeroed(p_src_buffers.size());
	} else {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_offsets.size() != p_src_buffers.size(), RID());
		vertex_array.offsets = p_offsets;
	}
	vertex_array.vertex_count = p_vertex_count;
	vertex_array.description = p_vertex_format;
	vertex_array.max_instances_allowed = 0xFFFFFFFF;