### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(buffer->size != (uint32_t)set_uniform.length, RID(),
						"Uniform buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") size (" + itos(buffer->size) + " does not match size of shader uniform: (" + itos(set_uniform.length) + ").");
				write.dstArrayElement = 0;
				write.descriptorCount = 1;
				write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
				write.pImageInfo = nullptr;
				write.pBufferInfo = &buffer->buffer_info;
				write.pTexelBufferView = nullptr;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER: {
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(uniform.get_id_count() != 1, RID(),
						"Storage buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") must provide one ID (" + itos(uniform.get_id_count()) + " provided).");
				Buffer *buffer = nullptr;
				if (storage_buffer_owner.owns(uniform.get_id(0))) {
					buffer = storage_buffer_owner.get_or_null(uniform.get_id(0));
				} else if (vertex_buffer_owner.owns(uniform.get_id(0))) {
					buffer = vertex_buffer_owner.get_or_null(uniform.get_id(0));
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!(buffer->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT), RID(), "Vertex buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") was not created with storage flag.");
				}
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!buffer, RID(), "Storage buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") is invalid.");
				
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(set_uniform.length > 0 && buffer->size != (uint32_t)set_uniform.length, RID(),
						"Storage buffer supplied (binding: " + itos(uniform.binding) + ") size (" + itos(buffer->size) + " does not match size of shader uniform: (" + itos(set_uniform.length) + ").");
				write.dstArrayElement = 0;
				write.descriptorCount = 1;
				write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
				write.pImageInfo = nullptr;
				write.pBufferInfo = &buffer->buffer_info;
				write.pTexelBufferView = nullptr;
			} break;