### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
state.dstColorBlendFactor = blend_factors[p_blend_state.attachments[i].dst_color_blend_factor];
				ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_blend_state.attachments[i].color_blend_op, BLEND_OP_MAX, RID());
				state.colorBlendOp = blend_operations[p_blend_state.attachments[i].color_blend_op];
				ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_blend_state.attachments[i].src_alpha_blend_factor, BLEND_FACTOR_MAX, RID());
				state.srcAlphaBlendFactor = blend_factors[p_blend_state.attachments[i].src_alpha_blend_factor];
				ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_blend_state.attachments[i].dst_alpha_blend_factor, BLEND_FACTOR_MAX, RID());
				state.dstAlphaBlendFactor = blend_factors[p_blend_state.attachments[i].dst_alpha_blend_factor];
				ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_blend_state.attachments[i].alpha_blend_op, BLEND_OP_MAX, RID());
				state.alphaBlendOp = blend_operations[p_blend_state.attachments[i].alpha_blend_op];
				state.colorWriteMask = 0;
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_r) {
					state.colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT;
				}
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_g) {
					state.colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT;
				}
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_b) {
					state.colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT;
				}
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_a) {
					state.colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
				}
			}
			attachment_states.write[i] = state;
		}
	}
	color_blend_state_create_info.attachmentCount = attachment_states.size();
	color_blend_state_create_info.pAttachments = attachment_states.ptr();
	color_blend_state_create_info.blendConstants[0] = p_blend_state.blend_constant.r;
	color_blend_state_create_info.blendConstants[1] = p_blend_state.blend_constant.g;