### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
embedder = nullptr; 
					}
				}
			}
			if (embedded) {
				
				if (embedder) {
					if (initial_position != WINDOW_INITIAL_POSITION_ABSOLUTE) {
						position = (embedder->get_visible_rect().size - size) / 2;
					}
					embedder->_sub_window_register(this);
					RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_update_mode(get_viewport_rid(), RS::VIEWPORT_UPDATE_WHEN_PARENT_VISIBLE);
					_update_window_size();
				}
			} else {
				if (!get_parent()) {
					
					visible = true; 
					window_id = DisplayServer::MAIN_WINDOW_ID;
					DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_attach_instance_id(get_instance_id(), window_id);
					_update_from_window();
					
					{
						position = DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_get_position(window_id);
						size = DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_get_size(window_id);
						focused = DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_is_focused(window_id);
					}
					_update_window_size(); 
					_update_viewport_size(); 
					_update_window_callbacks();