### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
ERR_FAIL_UNSIGNED_INDEX_V(p_index, frames[frame].timestamp_result_count, 0);
	
	
	
	uint64_t shift_bits = 16;
	uint64_t h, l;
	mult64to128(frames[frame].timestamp_result_values[p_index], uint64_t(double(limits.timestampPeriod) * double(1 << shift_bits)), h, l);
	l >>= shift_bits;
	l |= h << (64 - shift_bits);
	return l;
}
uint64_t RenderingDeviceVulkan::get_captured_timestamp_cpu_time(uint32_t p_index) const {
	ERR_FAIL_UNSIGNED_INDEX_V(p_index, frames[frame].timestamp_result_count, 0);
	return frames[frame].timestamp_cpu_result_values[p_index];
}
String RenderingDeviceVulkan::get_captured_timestamp_name(uint32_t p_index) const {
	ERR_FAIL_UNSIGNED_INDEX_V(p_index, frames[frame].timestamp_result_count, String());
	return frames[frame].timestamp_result_names[p_index];
}
uint64_t RenderingDeviceVulkan::limit_get(Limit p_limit) const {
	switch (p_limit) {
		case LIMIT_MAX_BOUND_UNIFORM_SETS:
			return limits.maxBoundDescriptorSets;
		case LIMIT_MAX_FRAMEBUFFER_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS:
			return limits.maxColorAttachments;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURES_PER_UNIFORM_SET:
			return limits.maxDescriptorSetSampledImages;