### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK:
		case DATA_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK:
			return 1;
		case DATA_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM:
			return 4;
		case DATA_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM:
		case DATA_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM:
			return 4;
		case DATA_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16:
		case DATA_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16:
		case DATA_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16:
		case DATA_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16:
		case DATA_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16:
		case DATA_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16: