### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
audio_listener_3d_set.erase(p_listener);
	if (audio_listener_3d == p_listener) {
		audio_listener_3d = nullptr;
	}
}
void Viewport::_audio_listener_3d_make_next_current(AudioListener3D *p_exclude) {
	if (audio_listener_3d_set.size() > 0) {
		for (AudioListener3D *E : audio_listener_3d_set) {
			if (p_exclude == E) {
				continue;
			}
			if (!E->is_inside_tree()) {
				continue;
			}
			if (audio_listener_3d != nullptr) {
				return;
			}
			E->make_current();
		}
	} else {
		
		if (camera_3d != nullptr) {
			_update_audio_listener_3d();
			_camera_3d_transform_changed_notify();
		}
	}
}
void Viewport::_collision_object_3d_input_event(CollisionObject3D *p_object, Camera3D *p_camera, const Ref<InputEvent> &p_input_event, const Vector3 &p_pos, const Vector3 &p_normal, int p_shape) {