### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
attachment_last_pass[attachment] = i;
			}
			reference.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
			color_references.push_back(reference);
		}
		LocalVector<VkAttachmentReference2KHR> &input_references = input_reference_array[i];
		for (int j = 0; j < pass->input_attachments.size(); j++) {
			int32_t attachment = pass->input_attachments[j];
			VkAttachmentReference2KHR reference;
			reference.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2_KHR;
			reference.pNext = nullptr;
			if (attachment == FramebufferPass::ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
				reference.attachment = VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED;
				reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
			} else {
				ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V_MSG(attachment, p_attachments.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), input attachment (" + itos(j) + ").");
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!(p_attachments[attachment].usage_flags & TEXTURE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT), VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), it isn't marked as an input texture.");
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(attachment_last_pass[attachment] == i, VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Invalid framebuffer format attachment(" + itos(attachment) + "), in pass (" + itos(i) + "), it already was used for something else before in this pass.");
				reference.attachment = attachment_remap[attachment];
				reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
				attachment_last_pass[attachment] = i;
			}
			reference.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
			input_references.push_back(reference);
		}
		LocalVector<VkAttachmentReference2KHR> &resolve_references = resolve_reference_array[i];
		if (pass->resolve_attachments.size() > 0) {
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(pass->resolve_attachments.size() != pass->color_attachments.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, "The amount of resolve attachments (" + itos(pass->resolve_attachments.size()) + ") must match the number of color attachments (" + itos(pass->color_attachments.size()) + ").");
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(texture_samples == TEXTURE_SAMPLES_1, VK_NULL_HANDLE, "Resolve attachments specified, but color attachments are not multisample.");
		}