### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
void set_theme(const Ref<Theme> &p_theme);
	Ref<Theme> get_theme() const;
	void set_theme_type_variation(const StringName &p_theme_type);
	StringName get_theme_type_variation() const;
	void begin_bulk_theme_override();
	void end_bulk_theme_override();
	void add_theme_icon_override(const StringName &p_name, const Ref<Texture2D> &p_icon);
	void add_theme_style_override(const StringName &p_name, const Ref<StyleBox> &p_style);
	void add_theme_font_override(const StringName &p_name, const Ref<Font> &p_font);
	void add_theme_font_size_override(const StringName &p_name, int p_font_size);
	void add_theme_color_override(const StringName &p_name, const Color &p_color);
	void add_theme_constant_override(const StringName &p_name, int p_constant);
	void remove_theme_icon_override(const StringName &p_name);
	void remove_theme_style_override(const StringName &p_name);
	void remove_theme_font_override(const StringName &p_name);
	void remove_theme_font_size_override(const StringName &p_name);
	void remove_theme_color_override(const StringName &p_name);
	void remove_theme_constant_override(const StringName &p_name);
	Ref<Texture2D> get_theme_icon(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	Ref<StyleBox> get_theme_stylebox(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	Ref<Font> get_theme_font(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	int get_theme_font_size(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	Color get_theme_color(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	int get_theme_constant(const StringName &p_name, const StringName &p_theme_type = StringName()) const;
	bool has_theme_icon_override(const StringName &p_name) const;
	bool has_theme_stylebox_override(const StringName &p_name) const;
	bool has_theme_font_override(const StringName &p_name) const;
	bool has_theme_font_size_override(const StringName &p_name) const;
	bool has_theme_color_override(const StringName &p_name) const;
	bool has_theme_constant_override(const StringName &p_name) const;