### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (p_enable == auto_translate) {
		return;
	}
	auto_translate = p_enable;
	notification(MainLoop::NOTIFICATION_TRANSLATION_CHANGED);
}
bool Window::is_auto_translating() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(false);
	return auto_translate;
}
Transform2D Window::get_final_transform() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Transform2D());
	return window_transform * stretch_transform * global_canvas_transform;
}
Transform2D Window::get_screen_transform_internal(bool p_absolute_position) const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Transform2D());
	Transform2D embedder_transform;
	if (get_embedder()) {
		embedder_transform.translate_local(get_position());
		embedder_transform = get_embedder()->get_screen_transform_internal(p_absolute_position) * embedder_transform;
	} else if (p_absolute_position) {
		embedder_transform.translate_local(get_position());
	}
	return embedder_transform * get_final_transform();
}
Transform2D Window::get_popup_base_transform() const {