### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK,