### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_SIZE_Z:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupSize[2];
		case LIMIT_MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMENSIONS_X:
			return limits.maxViewportDimensions[0];
		case LIMIT_MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMENSIONS_Y:
			return limits.maxViewportDimensions[1];
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_SIZE: {
			VulkanContext::SubgroupCapabilities subgroup_capabilities = context->get_subgroup_capabilities();
			return subgroup_capabilities.size;
		}
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_IN_SHADERS: {
			VulkanContext::SubgroupCapabilities subgroup_capabilities = context->get_subgroup_capabilities();
			return subgroup_capabilities.supported_stages_flags_rd();
		}
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_OPERATIONS: {
			VulkanContext::SubgroupCapabilities subgroup_capabilities = context->get_subgroup_capabilities();
			return subgroup_capabilities.supported_operations_flags_rd();
		}
		case LIMIT_VRS_TEXEL_WIDTH: {
			return context->get_vrs_capabilities().texel_size.x;
		}
		case LIMIT_VRS_TEXEL_HEIGHT: {
			return context->get_vrs_capabilities().texel_size.y;
		}
		default:
			ERR_FAIL_V(0);
	}
	return 0;
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::finalize() {