### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(false);
	return transient;
}
void Window::set_exclusive(bool p_exclusive) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (exclusive == p_exclusive) {
		return;
	}
	exclusive = p_exclusive;
	if (!embedder && window_id != DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID) {
		if (is_in_edited_scene_root()) {
			DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_set_exclusive(window_id, false);
		} else {
			DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_set_exclusive(window_id, exclusive);
		}
	}
	if (transient_parent) {
		if (p_exclusive && is_inside_tree() && is_visible()) {
			ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(transient_parent->exclusive_child && transient_parent->exclusive_child != this, "Transient parent has another exclusive child.");
			if (!is_in_edited_scene_root()) {
				transient_parent->exclusive_child = this;
			}
		} else {
			if (transient_parent->exclusive_child == this) {
				transient_parent->exclusive_child = nullptr;
			}
		}
	}
}
bool Window::is_exclusive() const {