### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

for (Camera3D *E : camera_3d_set) {
					if (first == nullptr || first->is_greater_than(E)) {
						first = E;
					}
				}
				if (first) {
					first->make_current();
				}
			}
#endif 
		} break;
		case NOTIFICATION_EXIT_TREE: {
			_gui_cancel_tooltip();
			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_set_scenario(viewport, RID());
			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_remove_canvas(viewport, current_canvas);
			if (contact_2d_debug.is_valid()) {
				RenderingServer::get_singleton()->free(contact_2d_debug);
				contact_2d_debug = RID();
			}
			if (contact_3d_debug_multimesh.is_valid()) {
				RenderingServer::get_singleton()->free(contact_3d_debug_multimesh);
				RenderingServer::get_singleton()->free(contact_3d_debug_instance);
				contact_3d_debug_instance = RID();
				contact_3d_debug_multimesh = RID();
			}
			remove_from_group("_viewports");
			set_physics_process_internal(false);
			RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_active(viewport, false);
			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_set_parent_viewport(viewport, RID());
		} break;