### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
GDExtensionBool has_return_value;
	GDExtensionPropertyInfo *return_value_info;
	GDExtensionClassMethodArgumentMetadata return_value_metadata;
	/* Arguments: `arguments_info` and `arguments_metadata` are array of size `argument_count`.
	 * Name and hint information for the argument can be omitted in release builds. Class name should always be present if it applies.
	 */
	uint32_t argument_count;
	GDExtensionPropertyInfo *arguments_info;
	GDExtensionClassMethodArgumentMetadata *arguments_metadata;
	
	uint32_t default_argument_count;
	GDExtensionVariantPtr *default_arguments;
} GDExtensionClassMethodInfo;
typedef void *GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr; 
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceSet)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name, GDExtensionConstVariantPtr p_value);
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceGet)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name, GDExtensionVariantPtr r_ret);
typedef const GDExtensionPropertyInfo *(*GDExtensionScriptInstanceGetPropertyList)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, uint32_t *r_count);
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceFreePropertyList)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, const GDExtensionPropertyInfo *p_list);
typedef GDExtensionVariantType (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceGetPropertyType)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name, GDExtensionBool *r_is_valid);
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionScriptInstancePropertyCanRevert)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name);
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionScriptInstancePropertyGetRevert)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name, GDExtensionVariantPtr r_ret);
typedef GDExtensionObjectPtr (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceGetOwner)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance);
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstancePropertyStateAdd)(GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name, GDExtensionConstVariantPtr p_value, void *p_userdata);
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceGetPropertyState)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionScriptInstancePropertyStateAdd p_add_func, void *p_userdata);
typedef const GDExtensionMethodInfo *(*GDExtensionScriptInstanceGetMethodList)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, uint32_t *r_count);
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceFreeMethodList)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, const GDExtensionMethodInfo *p_list);
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceHasMethod)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name);
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceCall)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_self, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_method, const GDExtensionConstVariantPtr *p_args, GDExtensionInt p_argument_count, GDExtensionVariantPtr r_return, GDExtensionCallError *r_error);
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceNotification)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, int32_t p_what); 
typedef void (*GDExtensionScriptInstanceNotification2)(GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance, int32_t p_what, GDExtensionBool p_reversed);