### Godot version

4.2.dev commit 013e8e3afb982d4b230f0039b6dc248b48794ab9

### System information

Any

### Issue description

The following code from [dialogic](https://github.com/coppolaemilio/dialogic) no longer works in 4.2-dev, but does in 4.1 and before:
```gdscript
class VariableFolder:
        var data = {}
        var path = ""
        var outside
        func _init(_data, _path, _outside):
                data = _data
                path = _path
                outside = _outside
        
        func _get(property):
                property = str(property)
                if property in data:
                        if typeof(data[property]) == TYPE_DICTIONARY:
                                return VariableFolder.new(data[property], path+"."+property, outside)  ### <====== ERROR ###
                        else:
                                return DialogicUtil.logical_convert(data[property])
        
        func _set(property, value):
                property = str(property)
                if not value is VariableFolder:
                        outside._set_value_in_dictionary(path+"."+property, outside.dialogic.current_state_info['variables'], value)
                        return true
                elif VariableFolder:
                        return true
```
On compilation this will give the error
```
SCRIPT ERROR: Compile Error: Identifier not found: VariableFolder
          at: GDScript::reload (res://addons/dialogic/Modules/Variable/subsystem_variables.gd:182)
```
(line 182 is the `VariableFolder.new` line)

i bisected it to the following commit, from #79880:
```
d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb is the first bad commit
commit d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb
Author: Danil Alexeev <danil@alexeev.xyz>
Date:   Tue Jul 25 14:21:49 2023 +0300

    GDScript: Fix bug with identifier shadowed below in current scope
```

### Steps to reproduce

i think the issue description is complete enough to allow reproduction, let me know if there's any problems.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
if (err) {
				push_error(vformat(R"(Could not resolve script "%s": %s.)", script_path, error_names[err]), p_source);
				return;
			}
			ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(!parser_ref->get_parser()->has_class(p_class), R"(Parser bug: Mismatched external parser.)");
			GDScriptAnalyzer *other_analyzer = parser_ref->get_analyzer();
			GDScriptParser *other_parser = parser_ref->get_parser();
			int error_count = other_parser->errors.size();
			other_analyzer->resolve_class_interface(p_class);
			if (other_parser->errors.size() > error_count) {
				push_error(vformat(R"(Could not resolve class "%s".)", p_class->fqcn), p_source);
			}
			return;
		}
		p_class->resolved_interface = true;
		if (resolve_class_inheritance(p_class) != OK) {
			return;
		}
		GDScriptParser::DataType base_type = p_class->base_type;
		if (base_type.kind == GDScriptParser::DataType::CLASS) {
			GDScriptParser::ClassNode *base_class = base_type.class_type;
			resolve_class_interface(base_class, p_class);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < p_class->members.size(); i++) {
			resolve_class_member(p_class, i);
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
			if (!has_static_data) {
				GDScriptParser::ClassNode::Member member = p_class->members[i];
				if (member.type == GDScriptParser::ClassNode::Member::CLASS) {
					has_static_data = member.m_class->has_static_data;