### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	_internal_set_size(p_size);
}
void SubViewport::set_size_force(const Size2i &p_size) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	// Use only for setting the size from the parent SubViewportContainer with enabled stretch mode.
	// Don't expose function to scripting.
	_internal_set_size(p_size, true);
}
void SubViewport::_internal_set_size(const Size2i &p_size, bool p_force) {
	SubViewportContainer *c = Object::cast_to<SubViewportContainer>(get_parent());
	if (!p_force && c && c->is_stretch_enabled()) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
		WARN_PRINT("Can't change the size of a `SubViewport` with a `SubViewportContainer` parent that has `stretch` enabled. Set `SubViewportContainer.stretch` to `false` to allow changing the size manually.");
#endif // DEBUG_ENABLED
		return;
	}
	_set_size(p_size, _get_size_2d_override(), true);
	if (c) {
		c->update_minimum_size();
	}
}
Size2i SubViewport::get_size() const {