### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
Ref<InputEventMouse> me = ev;
	if (me.is_valid()) {
		gui.last_mouse_pos = me->get_position();
		_update_mouse_over();
	}
	if (is_embedding_subwindows() && _sub_windows_forward_input(ev)) {
		set_input_as_handled();
		return;
	}
	if (!_can_consume_input_events()) {
		return;
	}
	if (!is_input_handled()) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND(!is_inside_tree());
		get_tree()->_call_input_pause(input_group, SceneTree::CALL_INPUT_TYPE_INPUT, ev, this); 
	}
	if (!is_input_handled()) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND(!is_inside_tree());
		_gui_input_event(ev);
	} else {
		
		_gui_cleanup_internal_state(ev);
	}
	if (!is_input_handled()) {
		_push_unhandled_input_internal(ev);
	}
	event_count++;
}
#ifndef DISABLE_DEPRECATED
void Viewport::push_unhandled_input(const Ref<InputEvent> &p_event, bool p_local_coords) {