### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_size", "size"), &SubViewport::set_size);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_size"), &SubViewport::get_size);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_size_2d_override", "size"), &SubViewport::set_size_2d_override);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_size_2d_override"), &SubViewport::get_size_2d_override);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_size_2d_override_stretch", "enable"), &SubViewport::set_size_2d_override_stretch);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_size_2d_override_stretch_enabled"), &SubViewport::is_size_2d_override_stretch_enabled);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_update_mode", "mode"), &SubViewport::set_update_mode);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_update_mode"), &SubViewport::get_update_mode);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_clear_mode", "mode"), &SubViewport::set_clear_mode);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_clear_mode"), &SubViewport::get_clear_mode);
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::VECTOR2I, "size", PROPERTY_HINT_NONE, "suffix:px"), "set_size", "get_size");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::VECTOR2I, "size_2d_override", PROPERTY_HINT_NONE, "suffix:px"), "set_size_2d_override", "get_size_2d_override");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::BOOL, "size_2d_override_stretch"), "set_size_2d_override_stretch", "is_size_2d_override_stretch_enabled");
	ADD_GROUP("Render Target", "render_target_");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "render_target_clear_mode", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Always,Never,Next Frame"), "set_clear_mode", "get_clear_mode");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "render_target_update_mode", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Disabled,Once,When Visible,When Parent Visible,Always"), "set_update_mode", "get_update_mode");
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(CLEAR_MODE_ALWAYS);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(CLEAR_MODE_NEVER);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(CLEAR_MODE_ONCE);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(UPDATE_DISABLED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(UPDATE_ONCE);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(UPDATE_WHEN_VISIBLE);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(UPDATE_WHEN_PARENT_VISIBLE);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(UPDATE_ALWAYS);
}
void SubViewport::_validate_property(PropertyInfo &p_property) const {