### Godot version

4.1.1 stable

### System information

Windows 10

### Issue description

this is the default size loaded on startup 1024 which seems fine but it actually have loaded the default [2048] and ignored the size in project settings
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/c8c71de7-468a-487f-8e6c-dba1ce0f8fa5)

changing it now to any size will break it 
[2048]
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/3082ff09-b7d7-41f7-8fbb-813074a54135)

[512]
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/5ea4620f-52b5-4d0e-a5f5-747e777cd59d)


### Steps to reproduce

change 2d shadow atlas size in project settings while using compatibility renderer. 

### Minimal reproduction project

_
} else {
		state.transparent_render_target = false;
		glBlendFuncSeparate(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ZERO, GL_ONE);
	}
	if (render_target && render_target->clear_requested) {
		const Color &col = render_target->clear_color;
		glClearColor(col.r, col.g, col.b, col.a);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
		render_target->clear_requested = false;
	}
	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
	GLES3::Texture *tex = texture_storage->get_texture(texture_storage->texture_gl_get_default(GLES3::DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_WHITE));
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex->tex_id);
}
void RasterizerCanvasGLES3::_bind_canvas_texture(RID p_texture, RS::CanvasItemTextureFilter p_base_filter, RS::CanvasItemTextureRepeat p_base_repeat) {
	GLES3::TextureStorage *texture_storage = GLES3::TextureStorage::get_singleton();
	GLES3::Config *config = GLES3::Config::get_singleton();
	if (p_texture == RID()) {
		p_texture = default_canvas_texture;
	}
	if (state.current_tex == p_texture && state.current_filter_mode == p_base_filter && state.current_repeat_mode == p_base_repeat) {
		return;
	}
	state.current_tex = p_texture;
	state.current_filter_mode = p_base_filter;
	state.current_repeat_mode = p_base_repeat;
	GLES3::CanvasTexture *ct = nullptr;
	GLES3::Texture *t = texture_storage->get_texture(p_texture);
	if (t) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND(!t->canvas_texture);