### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

}
				gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->_rect_changed_callback(new_rect);
				if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->has_feature(DisplayServer::FEATURE_CURSOR_SHAPE)) {
					DisplayServer::get_singleton()->cursor_set_shape(DisplayServer::CURSOR_MOVE);
				}
			}
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE) {
				gui.subwindow_drag_close_inside = gui.subwindow_drag_close_rect.has_point(mm->get_position());
			}
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_RESIZE) {
				Vector2i diff = mm->get_position() - gui.subwindow_drag_from;
				Size2i min_size = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_min_size();
				Size2i min_size_clamped = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_clamped_minimum_size();
				min_size_clamped.x = MAX(min_size_clamped.x, 1);
				min_size_clamped.y = MAX(min_size_clamped.y, 1);
				Rect2i r = gui.subwindow_resize_from_rect;
				Size2i limit = r.size - min_size_clamped;
				switch (gui.subwindow_resize_mode) {
					case SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_TOP_LEFT: {
						diff.x = MIN(diff.x, limit.x);
						diff.y = MIN(diff.y, limit.y);
						r.position += diff;
						r.size -= diff;
					} break;
					case SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_TOP: {
						diff.x = 0;
						diff.y = MIN(diff.y, limit.y);
						r.position += diff;
						r.size -= diff;
					} break;