### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

void push_unhandled_input(const Ref<InputEvent> &p_event, bool p_local_coords = false);
#endif 
	void set_disable_input(bool p_disable);
	bool is_input_disabled() const;
	Vector2 get_mouse_position() const;
	void warp_mouse(const Vector2 &p_position);
	virtual void update_mouse_cursor_state();
	void set_physics_object_picking(bool p_enable);
	bool get_physics_object_picking();
	void set_physics_object_picking_sort(bool p_enable);
	bool get_physics_object_picking_sort();
	Variant gui_get_drag_data() const;
	void gui_reset_canvas_sort_index();
	int gui_get_canvas_sort_index();
	void gui_release_focus();
	Control *gui_get_focus_owner() const;
	PackedStringArray get_configuration_warnings() const override;
	void set_debug_draw(DebugDraw p_debug_draw);
	DebugDraw get_debug_draw() const;
	int get_render_info(RenderInfoType p_type, RenderInfo p_info);
	void set_snap_controls_to_pixels(bool p_enable);
	bool is_snap_controls_to_pixels_enabled() const;
	void set_snap_2d_transforms_to_pixel(bool p_enable);
	bool is_snap_2d_transforms_to_pixel_enabled() const;
	void set_snap_2d_vertices_to_pixel(bool p_enable);
	bool is_snap_2d_vertices_to_pixel_enabled() const;
	void set_input_as_handled();
	bool is_input_handled() const;
	void set_handle_input_locally(bool p_enable);
	bool is_handling_input_locally() const;