### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
if (control->data.mouse_filter == Control::MOUSE_FILTER_STOP) {
							break;
						}
					}
					if (ci->is_set_as_top_level()) {
						break;
					}
					ci = ci->get_parent_item();
				}
			}
			bool stopped = gui.mouse_focus && gui.mouse_focus->can_process() && _gui_call_input(gui.mouse_focus, mb);
			if (stopped) {
				set_input_as_handled();
			}
			if (gui.dragging && mb->get_button_index() == MouseButton::LEFT) {
				
				_perform_drop(gui.mouse_focus, pos);
			}
			_gui_cancel_tooltip();
		} else {
			if (gui.dragging && mb->get_button_index() == MouseButton::LEFT) {
				_perform_drop(gui.drag_mouse_over, gui.drag_mouse_over_pos);
			}
			gui.mouse_focus_mask.clear_flag(mouse_button_to_mask(mb->get_button_index())); 
			if (!gui.mouse_focus) {
				
				return;
			}
			mb = mb->xformed_by(Transform2D()); 
			Point2 pos = gui.mouse_focus->get_global_transform_with_canvas().affine_inverse().xform(mpos);