### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_world_2d", "world_2d"), &Viewport::set_world_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_world_2d"), &Viewport::get_world_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("find_world_2d"), &Viewport::find_world_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_canvas_transform", "xform"), &Viewport::set_canvas_transform);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_canvas_transform"), &Viewport::get_canvas_transform);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_global_canvas_transform", "xform"), &Viewport::set_global_canvas_transform);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_global_canvas_transform"), &Viewport::get_global_canvas_transform);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_final_transform"), &Viewport::get_final_transform);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_screen_transform"), &Viewport::get_screen_transform);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_visible_rect"), &Viewport::get_visible_rect);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_transparent_background", "enable"), &Viewport::set_transparent_background);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("has_transparent_background"), &Viewport::has_transparent_background);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_use_hdr_2d", "enable"), &Viewport::set_use_hdr_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_using_hdr_2d"), &Viewport::is_using_hdr_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_msaa_2d", "msaa"), &Viewport::set_msaa_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_msaa_2d"), &Viewport::get_msaa_2d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_msaa_3d", "msaa"), &Viewport::set_msaa_3d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_msaa_3d"), &Viewport::get_msaa_3d);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_screen_space_aa", "screen_space_aa"), &Viewport::set_screen_space_aa);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_screen_space_aa"), &Viewport::get_screen_space_aa);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_use_taa", "enable"), &Viewport::set_use_taa);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_using_taa"), &Viewport::is_using_taa);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_use_debanding", "enable"), &Viewport::set_use_debanding);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_using_debanding"), &Viewport::is_using_debanding);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_use_occlusion_culling", "enable"), &Viewport::set_use_occlusion_culling);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_using_occlusion_culling"), &Viewport::is_using_occlusion_culling);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("set_debug_draw", "debug_draw"), &Viewport::set_debug_draw);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_debug_draw"), &Viewport::get_debug_draw);