### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_state_create_info;
	multisample_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	multisample_state_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
	multisample_state_create_info.flags = 0;
	multisample_state_create_info.rasterizationSamples = _ensure_supported_sample_count(p_multisample_state.sample_count);
	multisample_state_create_info.sampleShadingEnable = p_multisample_state.enable_sample_shading;
	multisample_state_create_info.minSampleShading = p_multisample_state.min_sample_shading;
	Vector<VkSampleMask> sample_mask;
	if (p_multisample_state.sample_mask.size()) {
		
		const int rasterization_sample_mask_expected_size[TEXTURE_SAMPLES_MAX] = {
			1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
		};
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(rasterization_sample_mask_expected_size[p_multisample_state.sample_count] != p_multisample_state.sample_mask.size(), RID());
		sample_mask.resize(p_multisample_state.sample_mask.size());
		for (int i = 0; i < p_multisample_state.sample_mask.size(); i++) {
			VkSampleMask mask = p_multisample_state.sample_mask[i];
			sample_mask.push_back(mask);
		}
		multisample_state_create_info.pSampleMask = sample_mask.ptr();
	} else {
		multisample_state_create_info.pSampleMask = nullptr;
	}
	multisample_state_create_info.alphaToCoverageEnable = p_multisample_state.enable_alpha_to_coverage;
	multisample_state_create_info.alphaToOneEnable = p_multisample_state.enable_alpha_to_one;
	
	VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depth_stencil_state_create_info;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.pNext = nullptr;