### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

while (stride > 0) {
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
		glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_process[swap ? 0 : 1], 0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_process[swap ? 1 : 0]);
		sdf_shader.shader.version_set_uniform(CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::STRIDE, stride, sdf_shader.shader_version, variant);
		copy_effects->draw_screen_triangle();
		stride /= 2;
		swap = !swap;
	}
	
	variant = shrink ? CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::MODE_STORE_SHRINK : CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::MODE_STORE;
	success = sdf_shader.shader.version_bind_shader(sdf_shader.shader_version, variant);
	if (!success) {
		return;
	}
	sdf_shader.shader.version_set_uniform(CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::BASE_SIZE, r.size, sdf_shader.shader_version, variant);
	sdf_shader.shader.version_set_uniform(CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::SIZE, size, sdf_shader.shader_version, variant);
	sdf_shader.shader.version_set_uniform(CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::STRIDE, stride, sdf_shader.shader_version, variant);
	sdf_shader.shader.version_set_uniform(CanvasSdfShaderGLES3::SHIFT, shift, sdf_shader.shader_version, variant);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
	glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_read, 0);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_process[swap ? 1 : 0]);
	copy_effects->draw_screen_triangle();
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, system_fbo);
	glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &temp_fb);
	glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
}
void TextureStorage::render_target_copy_to_back_buffer(RID p_render_target, const Rect2i &p_region, bool p_gen_mipmaps) {