### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
#include "scene/resources/mesh.h"
#include "scene/resources/text_line.h"
#include "scene/resources/world_2d.h"
#include "scene/scene_string_names.h"
#include "servers/audio_server.h"
#include "servers/rendering/rendering_server_globals.h"
void ViewportTexture::setup_local_to_scene() {
	
	if (!vp_changed) {
		return;
	}
	if (vp_pending) {
		return;
	}
	Node *loc_scene = get_local_scene();
	if (!loc_scene) {
		return;
	}
	if (vp) {
		vp->viewport_textures.erase(this);
		vp = nullptr;
	}
	if (loc_scene->is_ready()) {
		_setup_local_to_scene(loc_scene);
	} else {
		loc_scene->connect(SNAME("ready"), callable_mp(this, &ViewportTexture::_setup_local_to_scene).bind(loc_scene), CONNECT_ONE_SHOT);
		vp_pending = true;
	}
}
void ViewportTexture::set_viewport_path_in_scene(const NodePath &p_path) {