### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

CollisionObject2D *a = Object::cast_to<CollisionObject2D>(p_a.collider);
							CollisionObject2D *b = Object::cast_to<CollisionObject2D>(p_b.collider);
							if (!a || !b) {
								return false;
							}
							int za = a->get_effective_z_index();
							int zb = b->get_effective_z_index();
							if (za != zb) {
								return zb < za;
							}
							return a->is_greater_than(b);
						}
					};
					SortArray<PhysicsDirectSpaceState2D::ShapeResult, ComparatorCollisionObjects> sorter;
					sorter.sort(res, rc);
				}
				for (int i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
					if (res[i].collider_id.is_valid() && res[i].collider) {
						CollisionObject2D *co = Object::cast_to<CollisionObject2D>(res[i].collider);
						if (co && co->can_process()) {
							bool send_event = true;
							if (is_mouse) {
								HashMap<ObjectID, uint64_t>::Iterator F = physics_2d_mouseover.find(res[i].collider_id);
								if (!F) {
									physics_2d_mouseover.insert(res[i].collider_id, frame);
									co->_mouse_enter();
								} else {
									F->value = frame;