### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
_load_pipeline_cache();
		if (pipelines_cache.current_size > pso_blob_size) {
			pso_blob_size = pipelines_cache.current_size;
			if (pipelines_cache_save_task != WorkerThreadPool::INVALID_TASK_ID || !WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->is_task_completed(pipelines_cache_save_task)) {
				WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->wait_for_task_completion(pipelines_cache_save_task);
			}
		}
	}
	if (pso_blob_size == pipelines_cache.current_size) {
		return;
	} else if (difference < save_interval && !p_closing) {
		return;
	}
	if (p_closing) {
		if (pipelines_cache_save_task == WorkerThreadPool::INVALID_TASK_ID || WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->is_task_completed(pipelines_cache_save_task)) {
			pipelines_cache_save_task = WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->add_template_task(this, &RenderingDeviceVulkan::_save_pipeline_cache_threaded, pso_blob_size, false, "PipelineCacheSave");
			WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->wait_for_task_completion(pipelines_cache_save_task);
		} else {
			WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->wait_for_task_completion(pipelines_cache_save_task);
			pipelines_cache_save_task = WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->add_template_task(this, &RenderingDeviceVulkan::_save_pipeline_cache_threaded, pso_blob_size, false, "PipelineCacheSave");
			WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->wait_for_task_completion(pipelines_cache_save_task);
		}
	} else {
		if (pipelines_cache_save_task == WorkerThreadPool::INVALID_TASK_ID || WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->is_task_completed(pipelines_cache_save_task)) {
			pipelines_cache_save_task = WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->add_template_task(this, &RenderingDeviceVulkan::_save_pipeline_cache_threaded, pso_blob_size, false, "PipelineCacheSave");
		}
	}
}
void RenderingDeviceVulkan::_save_pipeline_cache_threaded(size_t p_pso_blob_size) {