### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(MSAA_DISABLED);
	return msaa_2d;
}
void Viewport::set_msaa_3d(MSAA p_msaa) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_msaa, MSAA_MAX);
	if (msaa_3d == p_msaa) {
		return;
	}
	msaa_3d = p_msaa;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_msaa_3d(viewport, RS::ViewportMSAA(p_msaa));
}
Viewport::MSAA Viewport::get_msaa_3d() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(MSAA_DISABLED);
	return msaa_3d;
}
void Viewport::set_screen_space_aa(ScreenSpaceAA p_screen_space_aa) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_screen_space_aa, SCREEN_SPACE_AA_MAX);
	if (screen_space_aa == p_screen_space_aa) {
		return;
	}
	screen_space_aa = p_screen_space_aa;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_screen_space_aa(viewport, RS::ViewportScreenSpaceAA(p_screen_space_aa));
}
Viewport::ScreenSpaceAA Viewport::get_screen_space_aa() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(SCREEN_SPACE_AA_DISABLED);
	return screen_space_aa;
}
void Viewport::set_use_taa(bool p_use_taa) {