### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
Size2i max_window_size = RS::get_singleton()->get_maximum_viewport_size();
	if (max_window_size != Size2i()) {
		return p_limit_size.clamp(Vector2i(), max_window_size);
	} else {
		return p_limit_size.max(Vector2i());
	}
}
void Window::_validate_limit_size() {
	
	bool max_size_valid = (max_size.x > 0 || max_size.y > 0) && max_size.x >= min_size.x && max_size.y >= min_size.y;
	max_size_used = max_size_valid ? max_size : RS::get_singleton()->get_maximum_viewport_size();
}
void Window::set_max_size(const Size2i &p_max_size) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	Size2i max_size_clamped = _clamp_limit_size(p_max_size);
	if (max_size == max_size_clamped) {
		return;
	}
	max_size = max_size_clamped;
	_validate_limit_size();
	_update_window_size();
}
Size2i Window::get_max_size() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Size2i());
	return max_size;
}
void Window::set_min_size(const Size2i &p_min_size) {