### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
{ 
			VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmd_pool_info;
			cmd_pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
			cmd_pool_info.pNext = nullptr;
			cmd_pool_info.queueFamilyIndex = p_context->get_graphics_queue_family_index();
			cmd_pool_info.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
			VkResult res = vkCreateCommandPool(device, &cmd_pool_info, nullptr, &frames[i].command_pool);
			ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(res, "vkCreateCommandPool failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");
		}
		{ 
			VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdbuf;
			
			cmdbuf.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
			cmdbuf.pNext = nullptr;
			cmdbuf.commandPool = frames[i].command_pool;
			cmdbuf.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
			cmdbuf.commandBufferCount = 1;
			VkResult err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdbuf, &frames[i].setup_command_buffer);
			ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(err, "vkAllocateCommandBuffers failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
			err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdbuf, &frames[i].draw_command_buffer);
			ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(err, "vkAllocateCommandBuffers failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
		}
		{
			
			VkQueryPoolCreateInfo query_pool_create_info;
			query_pool_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUERY_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
			query_pool_create_info.flags = 0;
			query_pool_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
			query_pool_create_info.queryType = VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
			query_pool_create_info.queryCount = max_timestamp_query_elements;