### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

return size_allocated;
}
Rect2 Viewport::get_visible_rect() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Rect2());
	Rect2 r;
	if (size == Size2()) {
		r = Rect2(Point2(), DisplayServer::get_singleton()->window_get_size());
	} else {
		r = Rect2(Point2(), size);
	}
	if (size_2d_override != Size2i()) {
		r.size = size_2d_override;
	}
	return r;
}
void Viewport::canvas_parent_mark_dirty(Node *p_node) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	bool request_update = gui.canvas_parents_with_dirty_order.is_empty();
	gui.canvas_parents_with_dirty_order.insert(p_node->get_instance_id());
	if (request_update) {
		MessageQueue::get_singleton()->push_callable(callable_mp(this, &Viewport::_process_dirty_canvas_parent_orders));
	}
}
void Viewport::_update_audio_listener_2d() {
	if (AudioServer::get_singleton()) {
		AudioServer::get_singleton()->notify_listener_changed();
	}
}
void Viewport::set_as_audio_listener_2d(bool p_enable) {