### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

CanvasTexture *ct = canvas_texture_owner.get_or_null(p_canvas_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(ct);
	ct->specular_color.r = p_specular_color.r;
	ct->specular_color.g = p_specular_color.g;
	ct->specular_color.b = p_specular_color.b;
	ct->specular_color.a = p_shininess;
}
void TextureStorage::canvas_texture_set_texture_filter(RID p_canvas_texture, RS::CanvasItemTextureFilter p_filter) {
	CanvasTexture *ct = canvas_texture_owner.get_or_null(p_canvas_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(ct);
	ct->texture_filter = p_filter;
}
void TextureStorage::canvas_texture_set_texture_repeat(RID p_canvas_texture, RS::CanvasItemTextureRepeat p_repeat) {
	CanvasTexture *ct = canvas_texture_owner.get_or_null(p_canvas_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(ct);
	ct->texture_repeat = p_repeat;
}
Ref<Image> TextureStorage::_get_gl_image_and_format(const Ref<Image> &p_image, Image::Format p_format, Image::Format &r_real_format, GLenum &r_gl_format, GLenum &r_gl_internal_format, GLenum &r_gl_type, bool &r_compressed, bool p_force_decompress) const {
	Config *config = Config::get_singleton();
	r_gl_format = 0;
	Ref<Image> image = p_image;
	r_compressed = false;
	r_real_format = p_format;
	bool need_decompress = false;
	bool decompress_ra_to_rg = false;
	switch (p_format) {
		case Image::FORMAT_L8: {
#ifdef GLES_OVER_GL
			r_gl_internal_format = GL_R8;
			r_gl_format = GL_RED;