### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
uint32_t argument_count;
	GDExtensionPropertyInfo *arguments;
	
	uint32_t default_argument_count;
	GDExtensionVariantPtr *default_arguments;
} GDExtensionMethodInfo;
typedef const GDExtensionPropertyInfo *(*GDExtensionClassGetPropertyList)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, uint32_t *r_count);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassFreePropertyList)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, const GDExtensionPropertyInfo *p_list);
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionClassPropertyCanRevert)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name);
typedef GDExtensionBool (*GDExtensionClassPropertyGetRevert)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name, GDExtensionVariantPtr r_ret);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassNotification)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, int32_t p_what); 
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassNotification2)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, int32_t p_what, GDExtensionBool p_reversed);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassToString)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, GDExtensionBool *r_is_valid, GDExtensionStringPtr p_out);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassReference)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassUnreference)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassCallVirtual)(GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance, const GDExtensionConstTypePtr *p_args, GDExtensionTypePtr r_ret);
typedef GDExtensionObjectPtr (*GDExtensionClassCreateInstance)(void *p_userdata);
typedef void (*GDExtensionClassFreeInstance)(void *p_userdata, GDExtensionClassInstancePtr p_instance);
typedef GDExtensionClassCallVirtual (*GDExtensionClassGetVirtual)(void *p_userdata, GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name);
typedef struct {
	GDExtensionBool is_virtual;
	GDExtensionBool is_abstract;
	GDExtensionClassSet set_func;
	GDExtensionClassGet get_func;
	GDExtensionClassGetPropertyList get_property_list_func;
	GDExtensionClassFreePropertyList free_property_list_func;
	GDExtensionClassPropertyCanRevert property_can_revert_func;
	GDExtensionClassPropertyGetRevert property_get_revert_func;
	GDExtensionClassNotification notification_func;