### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

static String generate_scene_unique_id();
	void set_scene_unique_id(const String &p_id);
	String get_scene_unique_id() const;
	virtual Ref<Resource> duplicate(bool p_subresources = false) const;
	Ref<Resource> duplicate_for_local_scene(Node *p_for_scene, HashMap<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &remap_cache);
	void configure_for_local_scene(Node *p_for_scene, HashMap<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &remap_cache);
	void set_local_to_scene(bool p_enable);
	bool is_local_to_scene() const;
	virtual void setup_local_to_scene();
	Node *get_local_scene() const;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	uint32_t hash_edited_version() const;
	virtual void set_last_modified_time(uint64_t p_time) { last_modified_time = p_time; }
	uint64_t get_last_modified_time() const { return last_modified_time; }
	virtual void set_import_last_modified_time(uint64_t p_time) { import_last_modified_time = p_time; }
	uint64_t get_import_last_modified_time() const { return import_last_modified_time; }
	void set_import_path(const String &p_path) { import_path = p_path; }
	String get_import_path() const { return import_path; }
#endif
	void set_as_translation_remapped(bool p_remapped);
	virtual RID get_rid() const; 
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	
	void set_id_for_path(const String &p_path, const String &p_id);
	String get_id_for_path(const String &p_path) const;
#endif
	Resource();
	~Resource();
};
class ResourceCache {