### Godot version

4.2.dev commit 013e8e3afb982d4b230f0039b6dc248b48794ab9

### System information

Any

### Issue description

The following code from [dialogic](https://github.com/coppolaemilio/dialogic) no longer works in 4.2-dev, but does in 4.1 and before:
```gdscript
class VariableFolder:
        var data = {}
        var path = ""
        var outside
        func _init(_data, _path, _outside):
                data = _data
                path = _path
                outside = _outside
        
        func _get(property):
                property = str(property)
                if property in data:
                        if typeof(data[property]) == TYPE_DICTIONARY:
                                return VariableFolder.new(data[property], path+"."+property, outside)  ### <====== ERROR ###
                        else:
                                return DialogicUtil.logical_convert(data[property])
        
        func _set(property, value):
                property = str(property)
                if not value is VariableFolder:
                        outside._set_value_in_dictionary(path+"."+property, outside.dialogic.current_state_info['variables'], value)
                        return true
                elif VariableFolder:
                        return true
```
On compilation this will give the error
```
SCRIPT ERROR: Compile Error: Identifier not found: VariableFolder
          at: GDScript::reload (res://addons/dialogic/Modules/Variable/subsystem_variables.gd:182)
```
(line 182 is the `VariableFolder.new` line)

i bisected it to the following commit, from #79880:
```
d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb is the first bad commit
commit d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb
Author: Danil Alexeev <danil@alexeev.xyz>
Date:   Tue Jul 25 14:21:49 2023 +0300

    GDScript: Fix bug with identifier shadowed below in current scope
```

### Steps to reproduce

i think the issue description is complete enough to allow reproduction, let me know if there's any problems.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
MethodInfo info;
		StringName script_class = p_base_type.kind == GDScriptParser::DataType::SCRIPT ? p_base_type.script_type->get_class_name() : StringName(GDScript::get_class_static());
		if (ClassDB::get_method_info(script_class, function_name, &info)) {
			return function_signature_from_info(info, r_return_type, r_par_types, r_default_arg_count, r_method_flags);
		}
	}
	if (p_is_constructor) {
		
		r_return_type = p_base_type;
		r_return_type.type_source = GDScriptParser::DataType::ANNOTATED_EXPLICIT;
		r_return_type.is_meta_type = false;
		return true;
	}
	MethodInfo info;
	if (ClassDB::get_method_info(base_native, function_name, &info)) {
		bool valid = function_signature_from_info(info, r_return_type, r_par_types, r_default_arg_count, r_method_flags);
		if (valid && Engine::get_singleton()->has_singleton(base_native)) {
			r_method_flags.set_flag(METHOD_FLAG_STATIC);
		}
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
		MethodBind *native_method = ClassDB::get_method(base_native, function_name);
		if (native_method && r_native_class) {
			*r_native_class = native_method->get_instance_class();
		}
#endif
		return valid;
	}
	return false;
}
bool GDScriptAnalyzer::function_signature_from_info(const MethodInfo &p_info, GDScriptParser::DataType &r_return_type, List<GDScriptParser::DataType> &r_par_types, int &r_default_arg_count, BitField<MethodFlags> &r_method_flags) {