### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (gui.subwindow_focused) {
		gui.subwindow_focused->push_text_input(p_text);
		return;
	}
	if (gui.key_focus) {
		gui.key_focus->call("set_text", p_text);
	}
}
Viewport::SubWindowResize Viewport::_sub_window_get_resize_margin(Window *p_subwindow, const Point2 &p_point) {
	if (p_subwindow->get_flag(Window::FLAG_BORDERLESS) || p_subwindow->get_flag(Window::FLAG_RESIZE_DISABLED)) {
		return SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_DISABLED;
	}
	Rect2i r = Rect2i(p_subwindow->get_position(), p_subwindow->get_size());
	int title_height = p_subwindow->get_theme_constant(SNAME("title_height"));
	r.position.y -= title_height;
	r.size.y += title_height;
	if (r.has_point(p_point)) {
		return SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_DISABLED; 
	}
	int dist_x = p_point.x < r.position.x ? (p_point.x - r.position.x) : (p_point.x > (r.position.x + r.size.x) ? (p_point.x - (r.position.x + r.size.x)) : 0);
	int dist_y = p_point.y < r.position.y ? (p_point.y - r.position.y) : (p_point.y > (r.position.y + r.size.y) ? (p_point.y - (r.position.y + r.size.y)) : 0);
	int limit = p_subwindow->get_theme_constant(SNAME("resize_margin"));
	if (ABS(dist_x) > limit) {
		return SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_DISABLED;
	}