### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
Vector<uint32_t> specialization_constant_data;
	if (shader->specialization_constants.size()) {
		specialization_constant_data.resize(shader->specialization_constants.size());
		uint32_t *data_ptr = specialization_constant_data.ptrw();
		for (int i = 0; i < shader->specialization_constants.size(); i++) {
			
			const Shader::SpecializationConstant &sc = shader->specialization_constants[i];
			data_ptr[i] = sc.constant.int_value; 
			for (int j = 0; j < p_specialization_constants.size(); j++) {
				const PipelineSpecializationConstant &psc = p_specialization_constants[j];
				if (psc.constant_id == sc.constant.constant_id) {
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(psc.type != sc.constant.type, RID(), "Specialization constant provided for id (" + itos(sc.constant.constant_id) + ") is of the wrong type.");
					data_ptr[i] = psc.int_value;
					break;
				}
			}
			VkSpecializationMapEntry entry;
			entry.constantID = sc.constant.constant_id;
			entry.offset = i * sizeof(uint32_t);
			entry.size = sizeof(uint32_t);
			specialization_map_entries.push_back(entry);
		}
		specialization_info.dataSize = specialization_constant_data.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
		specialization_info.pData = data_ptr;
		specialization_info.mapEntryCount = specialization_map_entries.size();
		specialization_info.pMapEntries = specialization_map_entries.ptr();
		compute_pipeline_create_info.stage.pSpecializationInfo = &specialization_info;
	}
	ComputePipeline pipeline;
	VkResult err = vkCreateComputePipelines(device, pipelines_cache.cache_object, 1, &compute_pipeline_create_info, nullptr, &pipeline.pipeline);