### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	if (gui.subwindow_focused) {
		gui.subwindow_focused->push_text_input(p_text);
		return;
	}
	if (gui.key_focus) {
		gui.key_focus->call("set_text", p_text);
	}
}
Viewport::SubWindowResize Viewport::_sub_window_get_resize_margin(Window *p_subwindow, const Point2 &p_point) {
	if (p_subwindow->get_flag(Window::FLAG_BORDERLESS) || p_subwindow->get_flag(Window::FLAG_RESIZE_DISABLED)) {
		return SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_DISABLED;
	}
	Rect2i r = Rect2i(p_subwindow->get_position(), p_subwindow->get_size());
	int title_height = p_subwindow->get_theme_constant(SNAME("title_height"));
	r.position.y -= title_height;
	r.size.y += title_height;
	if (r.has_point(p_point)) {
		return SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_DISABLED; 
	}
	int dist_x = p_point.x < r.position.x ? (p_point.x - r.position.x) : (p_point.x > (r.position.x + r.size.x) ? (p_point.x - (r.position.x + r.size.x)) : 0);
	int dist_y = p_point.y < r.position.y ? (p_point.y - r.position.y) : (p_point.y > (r.position.y + r.size.y) ? (p_point.y - (r.position.y + r.size.y)) : 0);
	int limit = p_subwindow->get_theme_constant(SNAME("resize_margin"));
	if (ABS(dist_x) > limit) {
		return SUB_WINDOW_RESIZE_DISABLED;
	}