### Godot version

4.2.dev commit 013e8e3afb982d4b230f0039b6dc248b48794ab9

### System information

Any

### Issue description

The following code from [dialogic](https://github.com/coppolaemilio/dialogic) no longer works in 4.2-dev, but does in 4.1 and before:
```gdscript
class VariableFolder:
        var data = {}
        var path = ""
        var outside
        func _init(_data, _path, _outside):
                data = _data
                path = _path
                outside = _outside
        
        func _get(property):
                property = str(property)
                if property in data:
                        if typeof(data[property]) == TYPE_DICTIONARY:
                                return VariableFolder.new(data[property], path+"."+property, outside)  ### <====== ERROR ###
                        else:
                                return DialogicUtil.logical_convert(data[property])
        
        func _set(property, value):
                property = str(property)
                if not value is VariableFolder:
                        outside._set_value_in_dictionary(path+"."+property, outside.dialogic.current_state_info['variables'], value)
                        return true
                elif VariableFolder:
                        return true
```
On compilation this will give the error
```
SCRIPT ERROR: Compile Error: Identifier not found: VariableFolder
          at: GDScript::reload (res://addons/dialogic/Modules/Variable/subsystem_variables.gd:182)
```
(line 182 is the `VariableFolder.new` line)

i bisected it to the following commit, from #79880:
```
d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb is the first bad commit
commit d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb
Author: Danil Alexeev <danil@alexeev.xyz>
Date:   Tue Jul 25 14:21:49 2023 +0300

    GDScript: Fix bug with identifier shadowed below in current scope
```

### Steps to reproduce

i think the issue description is complete enough to allow reproduction, let me know if there's any problems.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
r_return_type = type_from_property(p_info.return_val);
	r_default_arg_count = p_info.default_arguments.size();
	r_method_flags = p_info.flags;
	for (const PropertyInfo &E : p_info.arguments) {
		r_par_types.push_back(type_from_property(E, true));
	}
	return true;
}
void GDScriptAnalyzer::validate_call_arg(const MethodInfo &p_method, const GDScriptParser::CallNode *p_call) {
	List<GDScriptParser::DataType> arg_types;
	for (const PropertyInfo &E : p_method.arguments) {
		arg_types.push_back(type_from_property(E, true));
	}
	validate_call_arg(arg_types, p_method.default_arguments.size(), (p_method.flags & METHOD_FLAG_VARARG) != 0, p_call);
}
void GDScriptAnalyzer::validate_call_arg(const List<GDScriptParser::DataType> &p_par_types, int p_default_args_count, bool p_is_vararg, const GDScriptParser::CallNode *p_call) {
	if (p_call->arguments.size() < p_par_types.size() - p_default_args_count) {
		push_error(vformat(R"*(Too few arguments for "%s()" call. Expected at least %d but received %d.)*", p_call->function_name, p_par_types.size() - p_default_args_count, p_call->arguments.size()), p_call);
	}
	if (!p_is_vararg && p_call->arguments.size() > p_par_types.size()) {
		push_error(vformat(R"*(Too many arguments for "%s()" call. Expected at most %d but received %d.)*", p_call->function_name, p_par_types.size(), p_call->arguments.size()), p_call->arguments[p_par_types.size()]);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < p_call->arguments.size(); i++) {
		if (i >= p_par_types.size()) {