### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!descriptor_pools[p_key].has(p_pool));
#endif
	ERR_FAIL_COND(p_pool->usage == 0);
	p_pool->usage--;
	if (p_pool->usage == 0) {
		vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, p_pool->pool, nullptr);
		descriptor_pools[p_key].erase(p_pool);
		memdelete(p_pool);
		if (descriptor_pools[p_key].is_empty()) {
			descriptor_pools.erase(p_key);
		}
	}
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::uniform_set_create(const Vector<Uniform> &p_uniforms, RID p_shader, uint32_t p_shader_set) {
	_THREAD_SAFE_METHOD_
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_uniforms.size() == 0, RID());
	Shader *shader = shader_owner.get_or_null(p_shader);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!shader, RID());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(p_shader_set >= (uint32_t)shader->sets.size() || shader->sets[p_shader_set].uniform_info.size() == 0, RID(),
			"Desired set (" + itos(p_shader_set) + ") not used by shader.");
	
	const Shader::Set &set = shader->sets[p_shader_set];
	uint32_t uniform_count = p_uniforms.size();
	const Uniform *uniforms = p_uniforms.ptr();
	uint32_t set_uniform_count = set.uniform_info.size();
	const UniformInfo *set_uniforms = set.uniform_info.ptr();