### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

#include "viewport.h"
#include "core/config/project_settings.h"
#include "core/debugger/engine_debugger.h"
#include "core/object/message_queue.h"
#include "core/string/translation.h"
#include "core/templates/pair.h"
#include "core/templates/sort_array.h"
#include "scene/2d/audio_listener_2d.h"
#include "scene/2d/camera_2d.h"
#include "scene/2d/collision_object_2d.h"
#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
#include "scene/3d/audio_listener_3d.h"
#include "scene/3d/camera_3d.h"
#include "scene/3d/collision_object_3d.h"
#include "scene/3d/world_environment.h"
#endif 
#include "scene/gui/control.h"
#include "scene/gui/label.h"
#include "scene/gui/popup.h"
#include "scene/gui/popup_menu.h"
#include "scene/gui/subviewport_container.h"
#include "scene/main/canvas_layer.h"
#include "scene/main/window.h"