### Godot version

4.1 stable, 4.1.1 rc1

### System information

Windows 10, Forward +

### Issue description

When updating the global_position of a Node2D that's outside of the scene tree, the global_position does not update. I came across this issue because when I instantiate a scene, I usually set the instantiated object's properties before adding it to the scene tree. When I tried setting the global_position, I noticed the value seems to stay at (0,0). Interestingly, even though the global_position does not update, the position property does. Is it fine to update a node's (global) position when it's not inside the scene tree? Or should we not do this

Also possibly related to #75676

### Steps to reproduce

```gdscript
extends Node

func _ready() -> void:
	var a = Node2D.new()
	a.global_position = Vector2(1, 1)
	assert(a.global_position == Vector2(1, 1))
```

The above assertion fails on 4.1 stable and 4.1.1 rc1, but succeeds on 4.0.2 and 4.0.3. I didn't test other versions besides these

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Ref<InputEvent>());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(p_event.is_null(), p_event);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!is_inside_tree(), p_event);
	return p_event->xformed_by((get_canvas_transform() * get_global_transform()).affine_inverse());
}
Vector2 CanvasItem::get_global_mouse_position() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Vector2());
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(get_viewport(), Vector2());
	return get_canvas_transform().affine_inverse().xform(get_viewport()->get_mouse_position());
}
Vector2 CanvasItem::get_local_mouse_position() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Vector2());
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(get_viewport(), Vector2());
	return get_global_transform().affine_inverse().xform(get_global_mouse_position());
}
void CanvasItem::force_update_transform() {
	ERR_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!is_inside_tree());
	if (!xform_change.in_list()) {
		return;
	}
	get_tree()->xform_change_list.remove(&xform_change);
	notification(NOTIFICATION_TRANSFORM_CHANGED);
}
void CanvasItem::_validate_property(PropertyInfo &p_property) const {