### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
const Object *o = (const Object *)p_object;
	return (GDObjectInstanceID)o->get_instance_id();
}
static GDExtensionObjectPtr gdextension_ref_get_object(GDExtensionConstRefPtr p_ref) {
	const Ref<RefCounted> *ref = (const Ref<RefCounted> *)p_ref;
	if (ref == nullptr || ref->is_null()) {
		return (GDExtensionObjectPtr) nullptr;
	} else {
		return (GDExtensionObjectPtr)ref->ptr();
	}
}
static void gdextension_ref_set_object(GDExtensionRefPtr p_ref, GDExtensionObjectPtr p_object) {
	Ref<RefCounted> *ref = (Ref<RefCounted> *)p_ref;
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(ref);
	Object *o = (RefCounted *)p_object;
	ref->reference_ptr(o);
}
#ifndef DISABLE_DEPRECATED
static GDExtensionScriptInstancePtr gdextension_script_instance_create(const GDExtensionScriptInstanceInfo *p_info, GDExtensionScriptInstanceDataPtr p_instance_data) {
	GDExtensionScriptInstanceInfo2 *info_2 = memnew(GDExtensionScriptInstanceInfo2);
	info_2->set_func = p_info->set_func;
	info_2->get_func = p_info->get_func;
	info_2->get_property_list_func = p_info->get_property_list_func;
	info_2->free_property_list_func = p_info->free_property_list_func;
	info_2->property_can_revert_func = p_info->property_can_revert_func;
	info_2->property_get_revert_func = p_info->property_get_revert_func;
	info_2->get_owner_func = p_info->get_owner_func;
	info_2->get_property_state_func = p_info->get_property_state_func;