### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

if (gui.subwindow_drag != SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_DISABLED) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(gui.currently_dragged_subwindow == nullptr, false);
		Ref<InputEventMouseButton> mb = p_event;
		if (mb.is_valid() && !mb->is_pressed() && mb->get_button_index() == MouseButton::LEFT) {
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE) {
				if (gui.subwindow_drag_close_rect.has_point(mb->get_position())) {
					
					gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->_event_callback(DisplayServer::WINDOW_EVENT_CLOSE_REQUEST);
				}
			}
			gui.subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_DISABLED;
			if (gui.currently_dragged_subwindow != nullptr) { 
				_sub_window_update(gui.currently_dragged_subwindow);
				gui.currently_dragged_subwindow = nullptr;
			}
		}
		Ref<InputEventMouseMotion> mm = p_event;
		if (mm.is_valid()) {
			if (gui.subwindow_drag == SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_MOVE) {
				Vector2 diff = mm->get_position() - gui.subwindow_drag_from;
				Rect2i new_rect(gui.subwindow_drag_pos + diff, gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->get_size());
				if (gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->is_clamped_to_embedder()) {
					new_rect = gui.currently_dragged_subwindow->fit_rect_in_parent(new_rect, get_visible_rect());