### Godot version

4.0.2.stable.official.7a0977ce2

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

The following code fails with godot-cpp
```c++
Variant variant_int = 1234;
double double_value = variant_int;
UtilityFunctions::print(double_value); // prints 0. it must be 1234

Variant double_variant = 6789.0;
int int_value = double_variant;
UtilityFunctions::print(int_value); // prints 0. it must be 1234

Variant variant_string = "12345";
StringName string_name = variant_string;
UtilityFunctions::print(string_name); // Segmentation Fault!
```

When godot-cpp converts a `Variant` to another type, it calls `type_from_variant_constructor` without checking its type. It only does  `reinterpret_cast` and does no type conversion.
I think this issue can be solved by implementing type conversion on the godot-cpp side or by making `type_from_variant_constructor` do the type conversion.

### Steps to reproduce

Unzip the minimal reproduction project and run `scons` to build the GDExtension.

### Minimal reproduction project

[variant-conversion-issue.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11171860/variant-conversion-issue.zip)

static _FORCE_INLINE_ void set(Variant *v, const Dictionary &p_value) { *VariantInternal::get_dictionary(v) = p_value; }
};
template <>
struct VariantInternalAccessor<Array> {
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ const Array &get(const Variant *v) { return *VariantInternal::get_array(v); }
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ void set(Variant *v, const Array &p_value) { *VariantInternal::get_array(v) = p_value; }
};
template <>
struct VariantInternalAccessor<PackedByteArray> {
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ const PackedByteArray &get(const Variant *v) { return *VariantInternal::get_byte_array(v); }
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ void set(Variant *v, const PackedByteArray &p_value) { *VariantInternal::get_byte_array(v) = p_value; }
};
template <>
struct VariantInternalAccessor<PackedInt32Array> {
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ const PackedInt32Array &get(const Variant *v) { return *VariantInternal::get_int32_array(v); }
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ void set(Variant *v, const PackedInt32Array &p_value) { *VariantInternal::get_int32_array(v) = p_value; }
};
template <>
struct VariantInternalAccessor<PackedInt64Array> {
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ const PackedInt64Array &get(const Variant *v) { return *VariantInternal::get_int64_array(v); }
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ void set(Variant *v, const PackedInt64Array &p_value) { *VariantInternal::get_int64_array(v) = p_value; }
};
template <>
struct VariantInternalAccessor<PackedFloat32Array> {
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ const PackedFloat32Array &get(const Variant *v) { return *VariantInternal::get_float32_array(v); }
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ void set(Variant *v, const PackedFloat32Array &p_value) { *VariantInternal::get_float32_array(v) = p_value; }
};
template <>
struct VariantInternalAccessor<PackedFloat64Array> {
	static _FORCE_INLINE_ const PackedFloat64Array &get(const Variant *v) { return *VariantInternal::get_float64_array(v); }