### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
cpos = c->get_transform().xform(cpos);
					if (cursor_shape != Control::CURSOR_ARROW) {
						break;
					}
					if (c->data.mouse_filter == Control::MOUSE_FILTER_STOP) {
						break;
					}
					if (c->is_set_as_top_level()) {
						break;
					}
					c = c->get_parent_control();
				}
			}
			ds_cursor_shape = (DisplayServer::CursorShape)cursor_shape;
			bool stopped = over->can_process() && _gui_call_input(over, mm);
			if (stopped) {
				set_input_as_handled();
			}
		}
		if (gui.dragging) {
			
			Control *drag_preview = _gui_get_drag_preview();
			if (drag_preview) {
				drag_preview->set_position(mpos);
			}
			gui.drag_mouse_over = over;
			gui.drag_mouse_over_pos = Vector2();
			
			
			Viewport *embedder = nullptr;