### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
void _update_global_transform();
	RID texture_rid;
	DebugDraw debug_draw = DEBUG_DRAW_DISABLED;
	int positional_shadow_atlas_size = 2048;
	bool positional_shadow_atlas_16_bits = true;
	PositionalShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv[4];
	MSAA msaa_2d = MSAA_DISABLED;
	MSAA msaa_3d = MSAA_DISABLED;
	ScreenSpaceAA screen_space_aa = SCREEN_SPACE_AA_DISABLED;
	bool use_taa = false;
	Scaling3DMode scaling_3d_mode = SCALING_3D_MODE_BILINEAR;
	float scaling_3d_scale = 1.0;
	float fsr_sharpness = 0.2f;
	float texture_mipmap_bias = 0.0f;
	bool use_debanding = false;
	float mesh_lod_threshold = 1.0;
	bool use_occlusion_culling = false;
	Ref<ViewportTexture> default_texture;
	HashSet<ViewportTexture *> viewport_textures;
	void _update_viewport_path();
	SDFOversize sdf_oversize = SDF_OVERSIZE_120_PERCENT;
	SDFScale sdf_scale = SDF_SCALE_50_PERCENT;
	uint32_t canvas_cull_mask = 0xffffffff; 
	enum SubWindowDrag {
		SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_DISABLED,
		SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_MOVE,
		SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_CLOSE,
		SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_RESIZE,
	};
	enum SubWindowResize {