### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Ref<World2D>());
	if (world_2d.is_valid()) {
		return world_2d;
	} else if (parent) {
		return parent->find_world_2d();
	} else {
		return Ref<World2D>();
	}
}
void Viewport::_propagate_viewport_notification(Node *p_node, int p_what) {
	p_node->notification(p_what);
	for (int i = 0; i < p_node->get_child_count(); i++) {
		Node *c = p_node->get_child(i);
		if (Object::cast_to<Viewport>(c)) {
			continue;
		}
		_propagate_viewport_notification(c, p_what);
	}
}
Ref<World2D> Viewport::get_world_2d() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Ref<World2D>());
	return world_2d;
}
Camera2D *Viewport::get_camera_2d() const {