### Godot version

4.1.stable

### System information

Windows 10 22H2 - GLES3 - GTX 1080 Ti (driver 536.40)

### Issue description

I noticed this bug in the code while debugging #79315, and confirmed the issue with testing. If you take a material using a filtering mode that has anisotropic filtering (eg `RS::CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR_WITH_MIPMAPS_ANISOTROPIC` aka "Linear Mipmap Anisotropic") and switch it to a filtering mode that doesn't have anisotropic filtering (eg `RS::CANVAS_ITEM_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR_WITH_MIPMAPS` aka "Linear Mipmap"), the anisotropic filtering remains enabled for the texture until it gets reloaded (eg by reloading the scene). I've only tested this in the editor, but this should also apply to games themselves if they change the filtering mode of a texture through code. This issue doesn't occur with the Mobile renderer (and I assume the Forward+ renderer).



### Steps to reproduce

1. View a surface with a material with anisotropic filtering disabled at an angle that you can tell it's disabled.
![no anisotropic](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/607715/4c3f2c68-6284-412c-9adf-625f4c3e2ab6)

2. Switch the filtering mode of the material to one with anisotropic filtering enabled.
![with anisotropic](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/607715/b67e5bb5-68f8-4934-bf0f-35836666724e)

3. Switch the filtering mode of the material back to a mode with anisotropic filtering disabled, and note how the surface still has anisotropic filtering applied.
![bug anisotropic](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/607715/05037b2e-be9f-4351-8a77-b9b73c832696)


### Minimal reproduction project

I used the texture repeat test program from #79315 for the example pictures, so I'll use that as the minimum reproduction: [RepTest.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12011701/RepTest.zip). Just make sure to rotate the camera for the test, as the default position in that project isn't in a good spot for testing anisotropic filtering.
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT 0x83F1
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT 0x83F2
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT 0x83F3
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1_EXT 0x8DBB
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1 0x8DBB
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RED_RGTC1 0x8DBC
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RG_RGTC2 0x8DBD
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RG_RGTC2 0x8DBE
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RED_RGTC1_EXT 0x8DBC
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RED_GREEN_RGTC2_EXT 0x8DBD
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RED_GREEN_RGTC2_EXT 0x8DBE
#define _EXT_ETC1_RGB8_OES 0x8D64
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM 0x8E8C
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SRGB_ALPHA_BPTC_UNORM 0x8E8D
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGB_BPTC_SIGNED_FLOAT 0x8E8E
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGB_BPTC_UNSIGNED_FLOAT 0x8E8F
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_R11_EAC 0x9270
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_R11_EAC 0x9271
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RG11_EAC 0x9272
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RG11_EAC 0x9273
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGB8_ETC2 0x9274
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SRGB8_ETC2 0x9275
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGB8_PUNCHTHROUGH_ALPHA1_ETC2 0x9276
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SRGB8_PUNCHTHROUGH_ALPHA1_ETC2 0x9277
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA8_ETC2_EAC 0x9278
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_SRGB8_ALPHA8_ETC2_EAC 0x9279
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_4x4_KHR 0x93B0
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_5x4_KHR 0x93B1
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_5x5_KHR 0x93B2
#define _EXT_COMPRESSED_RGBA_ASTC_6x5_KHR 0x93B3