### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
}
		} else {
			const uint32_t *index32 = (const uint32_t *)r;
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_index_count; i++) {
				if (p_use_restart_indices && index32[i] == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
					continue; 
				}
				index_buffer.max_index = MAX(index32[i], index_buffer.max_index);
			}
		}
	} else {
		index_buffer.max_index = 0xFFFFFFFF;
	}
#else
	index_buffer.max_index = 0xFFFFFFFF;
#endif
	_buffer_allocate(&index_buffer, size_bytes, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT, VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE, 0);
	if (p_data.size()) {
		uint64_t data_size = p_data.size();
		const uint8_t *r = p_data.ptr();
		_buffer_update(&index_buffer, 0, r, data_size);
		_buffer_memory_barrier(index_buffer.buffer, 0, data_size, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT, false);
	}
	RID id = index_buffer_owner.make_rid(index_buffer);
#ifdef DEV_ENABLED
	set_resource_name(id, "RID:" + itos(id.get_id()));
#endif
	return id;
}
RID RenderingDeviceVulkan::index_array_create(RID p_index_buffer, uint32_t p_index_offset, uint32_t p_index_count) {