### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
bool is_handling_input_locally() const;
	bool gui_is_dragging() const;
	bool gui_is_drag_successful() const;
	Control *gui_find_control(const Point2 &p_global);
	void set_sdf_oversize(SDFOversize p_sdf_oversize);
	SDFOversize get_sdf_oversize() const;
	void set_sdf_scale(SDFScale p_sdf_scale);
	SDFScale get_sdf_scale() const;
	void set_default_canvas_item_texture_filter(DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter p_filter);
	DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter get_default_canvas_item_texture_filter() const;
	void set_default_canvas_item_texture_repeat(DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat p_repeat);
	DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat get_default_canvas_item_texture_repeat() const;
	
	void set_vrs_mode(VRSMode p_vrs_mode);
	VRSMode get_vrs_mode() const;
	void set_vrs_texture(Ref<Texture2D> p_texture);
	Ref<Texture2D> get_vrs_texture() const;
	virtual DisplayServer::WindowID get_window_id() const = 0;
	void set_embedding_subwindows(bool p_embed);
	bool is_embedding_subwindows() const;
	void subwindow_set_popup_safe_rect(Window *p_window, const Rect2i &p_rect);
	Rect2i subwindow_get_popup_safe_rect(Window *p_window) const;
	Viewport *get_parent_viewport() const;
	Window *get_base_window() const;
	void pass_mouse_focus_to(Viewport *p_viewport, Control *p_control);
	void set_canvas_cull_mask(uint32_t p_layers);
	uint32_t get_canvas_cull_mask() const;
	void set_canvas_cull_mask_bit(uint32_t p_layer, bool p_enable);
	bool get_canvas_cull_mask_bit(uint32_t p_layer) const;
	virtual bool is_size_2d_override_stretch_enabled() const { return true; }