### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
uint32_t format = 0; 
			if (set.uniform_info.size()) {
				
				UniformSetFormat usformat;
				usformat.uniform_info = set.uniform_info;
				RBMap<UniformSetFormat, uint32_t>::Element *E = uniform_set_format_cache.find(usformat);
				if (E) {
					format = E->get();
				} else {
					format = uniform_set_format_cache.size() + 1;
					uniform_set_format_cache.insert(usformat, format);
				}
			}
			shader.sets.push_back(set);
			shader.set_formats.push_back(format);
		}
	}
	if (success) {
		
		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_create_info;
		pipeline_layout_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
		pipeline_layout_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
		pipeline_layout_create_info.flags = 0;
		pipeline_layout_create_info.setLayoutCount = shader.sets.size();
		Vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts;
		layouts.resize(shader.sets.size());
		for (int i = 0; i < layouts.size(); i++) {
			layouts.write[i] = shader.sets[i].descriptor_set_layout;
		}
		pipeline_layout_create_info.pSetLayouts = layouts.ptr();