### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
set_input_as_handled();
				}
				return;
			}
		} else {
			bool stopped = false;
			ObjectID control_id = gui.touch_focus[touch_index];
			Control *over = control_id.is_valid() ? Object::cast_to<Control>(ObjectDB::get_instance(control_id)) : nullptr;
			if (over && over->can_process()) {
				touch_event = touch_event->xformed_by(Transform2D()); 
				pos = over->get_global_transform_with_canvas().affine_inverse().xform(pos);
				touch_event->set_position(pos);
				stopped = _gui_call_input(over, touch_event);
			}
			if (stopped) {
				set_input_as_handled();
			}
			gui.touch_focus.erase(touch_index);
			return;
		}
	}
	Ref<InputEventGesture> gesture_event = p_event;
	if (gesture_event.is_valid()) {
		gui.key_event_accepted = false;
		_gui_cancel_tooltip();
		Size2 pos = gesture_event->get_position();
		Control *over = gui_find_control(pos);
		if (over) {
			bool stopped = false;
			if (over->can_process()) {