### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

Texture *texture = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!texture, Ref<Image>());
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	if (texture->image_cache_2d.is_valid() && !texture->is_render_target) {
		return texture->image_cache_2d;
	}
#endif
#ifdef GLES_OVER_GL
	
	
	Vector<uint8_t> data;
	int data_size = Image::get_image_data_size(texture->alloc_width, texture->alloc_height, texture->real_format, texture->mipmaps > 1);
	data.resize(data_size * 2); 
	uint8_t *w = data.ptrw();
	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
	glBindTexture(texture->target, texture->tex_id);
	glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < texture->mipmaps; i++) {
		int ofs = Image::get_image_mipmap_offset(texture->alloc_width, texture->alloc_height, texture->real_format, i);
		if (texture->compressed) {
			glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
			glGetCompressedTexImage(texture->target, i, &w[ofs]);
		} else {
			glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
			glGetTexImage(texture->target, i, texture->gl_format_cache, texture->gl_type_cache, &w[ofs]);
		}
	}
	data.resize(data_size);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(data.size() == 0, Ref<Image>());
	Ref<Image> image = Image::create_from_data(texture->width, texture->height, texture->mipmaps > 1, texture->real_format, data);