### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
cmdbuf.pNext = nullptr;
					cmdbuf.commandPool = split_draw_list_allocators[i].command_pool;
					cmdbuf.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY;
					cmdbuf.commandBufferCount = 1;
					VkResult err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdbuf, &command_buffer);
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, ERR_CANT_CREATE, "vkAllocateCommandBuffers failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
					split_draw_list_allocators.write[i].command_buffers.push_back(command_buffer);
				}
			}
		}
		draw_list = memnew_arr(DrawList, p_splits);
		draw_list_count = p_splits;
		draw_list_split = true;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_splits; i++) {
			
			VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = split_draw_list_allocators[i].command_buffers[frame];
			VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo inheritance_info;
			inheritance_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_INFO;
			inheritance_info.pNext = nullptr;
			inheritance_info.renderPass = draw_list_render_pass;
			inheritance_info.subpass = p_subpass;
			inheritance_info.framebuffer = draw_list_vkframebuffer;
			inheritance_info.occlusionQueryEnable = false;
			inheritance_info.queryFlags = 0; 
			inheritance_info.pipelineStatistics = 0;
			VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdbuf_begin;
			cmdbuf_begin.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
			cmdbuf_begin.pNext = nullptr;
			cmdbuf_begin.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT | VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT;
			cmdbuf_begin.pInheritanceInfo = &inheritance_info;