### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(VRS_DISABLED);
	return vrs_mode;
}
void Viewport::set_vrs_texture(Ref<Texture2D> p_texture) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	vrs_texture = p_texture;
	
	RID tex = p_texture.is_valid() ? p_texture->get_rid() : RID();
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_vrs_texture(viewport, tex);
}
Ref<Texture2D> Viewport::get_vrs_texture() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Ref<Texture2D>());
	return vrs_texture;
}
DisplayServer::WindowID Viewport::get_window_id() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID);
	return DisplayServer::MAIN_WINDOW_ID;
}
Viewport *Viewport::get_parent_viewport() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!is_inside_tree(), nullptr);
	if (!get_parent()) {
		return nullptr; 
	}
	return get_parent()->get_viewport();
}
void Viewport::set_embedding_subwindows(bool p_embed) {