### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

if (!vp) {
		if (!vp_pending) {
			ERR_PRINT("Viewport Texture must be set to use it.");
		}
		return Ref<Image>();
	}
	return RS::get_singleton()->texture_2d_get(vp->texture_rid);
}
void ViewportTexture::_setup_local_to_scene(const Node *p_loc_scene) {
	
	vp_pending = false;
	Node *vpn = p_loc_scene->get_node_or_null(path);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_MSG(vpn, "Path to node is invalid: '" + path + "'.");
	vp = Object::cast_to<Viewport>(vpn);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_MSG(vp, "Path to node does not point to a viewport: '" + path + "'.");
	vp->viewport_textures.insert(this);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(RenderingServer::get_singleton());
	if (proxy_ph.is_valid()) {
		RS::get_singleton()->texture_proxy_update(proxy, vp->texture_rid);
		RS::get_singleton()->free(proxy_ph);
		proxy_ph = RID();
	} else {
		ERR_FAIL_COND(proxy.is_valid()); 
		proxy = RS::get_singleton()->texture_proxy_create(vp->texture_rid);
	}
	vp_changed = false;
	emit_changed();
}
void ViewportTexture::_bind_methods() {