### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(MSAA_DISABLED);
	return msaa_2d;
}
void Viewport::set_msaa_3d(MSAA p_msaa) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_msaa, MSAA_MAX);
	if (msaa_3d == p_msaa) {
		return;
	}
	msaa_3d = p_msaa;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_msaa_3d(viewport, RS::ViewportMSAA(p_msaa));
}
Viewport::MSAA Viewport::get_msaa_3d() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(MSAA_DISABLED);
	return msaa_3d;
}
void Viewport::set_screen_space_aa(ScreenSpaceAA p_screen_space_aa) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_screen_space_aa, SCREEN_SPACE_AA_MAX);
	if (screen_space_aa == p_screen_space_aa) {
		return;
	}
	screen_space_aa = p_screen_space_aa;
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_screen_space_aa(viewport, RS::ViewportScreenSpaceAA(p_screen_space_aa));
}
Viewport::ScreenSpaceAA Viewport::get_screen_space_aa() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(SCREEN_SPACE_AA_DISABLED);
	return screen_space_aa;
}
void Viewport::set_use_taa(bool p_use_taa) {