### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(VRS_DISABLED);
	return vrs_mode;
}
void Viewport::set_vrs_texture(Ref<Texture2D> p_texture) {
	ERR_MAIN_THREAD_GUARD;
	vrs_texture = p_texture;
	
	RID tex = p_texture.is_valid() ? p_texture->get_rid() : RID();
	RS::get_singleton()->viewport_set_vrs_texture(viewport, tex);
}
Ref<Texture2D> Viewport::get_vrs_texture() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(Ref<Texture2D>());
	return vrs_texture;
}
DisplayServer::WindowID Viewport::get_window_id() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(DisplayServer::INVALID_WINDOW_ID);
	return DisplayServer::MAIN_WINDOW_ID;
}
Viewport *Viewport::get_parent_viewport() const {
	ERR_READ_THREAD_GUARD_V(nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!is_inside_tree(), nullptr);
	if (!get_parent()) {
		return nullptr; 
	}
	return get_parent()->get_viewport();
}
void Viewport::set_embedding_subwindows(bool p_embed) {