### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

texture_2d_initialize(default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_NORMAL], image);
		}
		{
			Ref<Image> image = Image::create_empty(4, 4, true, Image::FORMAT_RGBA8);
			image->fill(Color(1.0, 0.5, 1, 1));
			image->generate_mipmaps();
			default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_ANISO] = texture_allocate();
			texture_2d_initialize(default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_ANISO], image);
		}
		{
			unsigned char pixel_data[4 * 4 * 4];
			for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 0] = 0;
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 1] = 0;
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 2] = 0;
				pixel_data[i * 4 + 3] = 0;
			}
			default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_2D_UINT] = texture_allocate();
			Texture texture;
			texture.width = 4;
			texture.height = 4;
			texture.format = Image::FORMAT_RGBA8;
			texture.type = Texture::TYPE_2D;
			texture.target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
			texture.active = true;
			glGenTextures(1, &texture.tex_id);
			texture_owner.initialize_rid(default_gl_textures[DEFAULT_GL_TEXTURE_2D_UINT], texture);
			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.tex_id);
			glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8UI, 4, 4, 0, GL_RGBA_INTEGER, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel_data);
			GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_allocated_data(texture.tex_id, 4 * 4 * 4, "Default uint texture");