### Godot version

4.1.dev3.official [a67d37f]

### System information

Windows 11 [Vulkan]

### Issue description

The work performed in #77154 drastically changed the visual characteristics of particle turbulence.  I am no longer able to get the same "turbulent" behaviour that existed before these changes - no matter which turbulence settings I change.  Please let me know if there's something I'm missing about the new implementation that would give this result.

![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/8756569/05a338a3-140b-4353-ae11-62ec9714b3d1)


### Steps to reproduce

To reproduce this is fairly simple:

1. Create a GPUParticles2D Node
2. Emit a significant number of particles (I'm emitting 50,000)
3. Set Initial Velocity [Max] to around 250, and Direction Spread to 180.  Enable turbulence
4. Set the turbulence_influence_min property to 0.1 (default) and turbulence_influence_max to 1
5. Observe how the turbulence appears in v4.1.dev3.official with the changes in #77154 versus the previous build without these changes.  The new implementation just results in some minor particle "jitter", but not the actual turbulence that it's supposed to have.


### Minimal reproduction project

No sample project provided, as the reproduction is quite simple to replicate.
code += "uniform float initial_linear_velocity_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float initial_angle_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float angular_velocity_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float orbit_velocity_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float linear_accel_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float radial_accel_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float tangent_accel_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float damping_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float scale_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float hue_variation_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float anim_speed_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float anim_offset_min;\n";
	code += "uniform float initial_linear_velocity_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float initial_angle_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float angular_velocity_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float orbit_velocity_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float linear_accel_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float radial_accel_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float tangent_accel_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float damping_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float scale_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float hue_variation_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float anim_speed_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float anim_offset_max;\n";
	code += "uniform float lifetime_randomness;\n";
	switch (emission_shape) {
		case EMISSION_SHAPE_POINT: {
			
		} break;
		case EMISSION_SHAPE_SPHERE: {