### Godot version

4.2.dev commit 013e8e3afb982d4b230f0039b6dc248b48794ab9

### System information

Any

### Issue description

The following code from [dialogic](https://github.com/coppolaemilio/dialogic) no longer works in 4.2-dev, but does in 4.1 and before:
```gdscript
class VariableFolder:
        var data = {}
        var path = ""
        var outside
        func _init(_data, _path, _outside):
                data = _data
                path = _path
                outside = _outside
        
        func _get(property):
                property = str(property)
                if property in data:
                        if typeof(data[property]) == TYPE_DICTIONARY:
                                return VariableFolder.new(data[property], path+"."+property, outside)  ### <====== ERROR ###
                        else:
                                return DialogicUtil.logical_convert(data[property])
        
        func _set(property, value):
                property = str(property)
                if not value is VariableFolder:
                        outside._set_value_in_dictionary(path+"."+property, outside.dialogic.current_state_info['variables'], value)
                        return true
                elif VariableFolder:
                        return true
```
On compilation this will give the error
```
SCRIPT ERROR: Compile Error: Identifier not found: VariableFolder
          at: GDScript::reload (res://addons/dialogic/Modules/Variable/subsystem_variables.gd:182)
```
(line 182 is the `VariableFolder.new` line)

i bisected it to the following commit, from #79880:
```
d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb is the first bad commit
commit d53fc92b4c6b5e4484e8f0bfff6ac55163dde3fb
Author: Danil Alexeev <danil@alexeev.xyz>
Date:   Tue Jul 25 14:21:49 2023 +0300

    GDScript: Fix bug with identifier shadowed below in current scope
```

### Steps to reproduce

i think the issue description is complete enough to allow reproduction, let me know if there's any problems.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
push_error(vformat(R"(Cannot find property "%s" on base "%s".%s)", name, base.to_string(), rename_hint), p_identifier);
#else
						push_error(vformat(R"(Cannot find property "%s" on base "%s".)", name, base.to_string()), p_identifier);
#endif 
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return;
	}
	GDScriptParser::ClassNode *base_class = base.class_type;
	List<GDScriptParser::ClassNode *> script_classes;
	bool is_base = true;
	if (base_class != nullptr) {
		get_class_node_current_scope_classes(base_class, &script_classes);
	}
	bool is_constructor = base.is_meta_type && p_identifier->name == SNAME("new");
	for (GDScriptParser::ClassNode *script_class : script_classes) {
		if (p_base == nullptr && script_class->identifier && script_class->identifier->name == name) {
			reduce_identifier_from_base_set_class(p_identifier, script_class->get_datatype());
			return;
		}
		if (is_constructor) {
			name = "_init";
		}
		if (script_class->has_member(name)) {
			resolve_class_member(script_class, name, p_identifier);
			GDScriptParser::ClassNode::Member member = script_class->get_member(name);
			switch (member.type) {
				case GDScriptParser::ClassNode::Member::CONSTANT: {