### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
* @param p_file The file where the error occurred.
 * @param p_line The line where the error occurred.
 * @param p_editor_notify Whether or not to notify the editor.
 */
typedef void (*GDExtensionInterfacePrintScriptError)(const char *p_description, const char *p_function, const char *p_file, int32_t p_line, GDExtensionBool p_editor_notify);
/**
 * @name print_script_error_with_message
 * @since 4.1
 *
 * Logs a script error with a message to Godot's built-in debugger and to the OS terminal.
 *
 * @param p_description The code trigging the error.
 * @param p_message The message to show along with the error.
 * @param p_function The function name where the error occurred.
 * @param p_file The file where the error occurred.
 * @param p_line The line where the error occurred.
 * @param p_editor_notify Whether or not to notify the editor.
 */
typedef void (*GDExtensionInterfacePrintScriptErrorWithMessage)(const char *p_description, const char *p_message, const char *p_function, const char *p_file, int32_t p_line, GDExtensionBool p_editor_notify);
/**
 * @name get_native_struct_size
 * @since 4.1
 *
 * Gets the size of a native struct (ex. ObjectID) in bytes.
 *
 * @param p_name A pointer to a StringName identifying the struct name.
 *
 * @return The size in bytes.
 */
typedef uint64_t (*GDExtensionInterfaceGetNativeStructSize)(GDExtensionConstStringNamePtr p_name);