### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
#include "tests/core/string/test_string.h"
#include "tests/core/string/test_translation.h"
#include "tests/core/string/test_translation_server.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_command_queue.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_hash_map.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_hash_set.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_list.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_local_vector.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_lru.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_paged_array.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_rid.h"
#include "tests/core/templates/test_vector.h"
#include "tests/core/test_crypto.h"
#include "tests/core/test_hashing_context.h"
#include "tests/core/test_time.h"
#include "tests/core/threads/test_worker_thread_pool.h"
#include "tests/core/variant/test_array.h"
#include "tests/core/variant/test_dictionary.h"
#include "tests/core/variant/test_variant.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_animation.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_arraymesh.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_audio_stream_wav.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_bit_map.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_code_edit.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_color_picker.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_curve.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_curve_2d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_curve_3d.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_gradient.h"
#include "tests/scene/test_navigation_agent_2d.h"