### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SDF_OVERSIZE_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SDF_SCALE_100_PERCENT);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SDF_SCALE_50_PERCENT);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SDF_SCALE_25_PERCENT);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(SDF_SCALE_MAX);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(VRS_DISABLED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(VRS_TEXTURE);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(VRS_XR);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(VRS_MAX);
}
void Viewport::_validate_property(PropertyInfo &p_property) const {
	if (vrs_mode != VRS_TEXTURE && (p_property.name == "vrs_texture")) {
		p_property.usage = PROPERTY_USAGE_NO_EDITOR;
	}
}
Viewport::Viewport() {
	world_2d = Ref<World2D>(memnew(World2D));
	world_2d->register_viewport(this);
	viewport = RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_create();
	texture_rid = RenderingServer::get_singleton()->viewport_get_texture(viewport);
	default_texture.instantiate();
	default_texture->vp = const_cast<Viewport *>(this);
	viewport_textures.insert(default_texture.ptr());
	default_texture->proxy = RS::get_singleton()->texture_proxy_create(texture_rid);
	canvas_layers.insert(nullptr); // This eases picking code (interpreted as the canvas of the Viewport).
	set_positional_shadow_atlas_size(positional_shadow_atlas_size);
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv[i] = SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_MAX;
	}
	set_positional_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(0, SHADOW_ATLAS_QUADRANT_SUBDIV_4);