### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

Texture *t = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!t);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(t->is_render_target);
	if (t->canvas_texture) {
		memdelete(t->canvas_texture);
	}
	if (t->tex_id != 0) {
		if (!t->is_external) {
			GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_free_data(t->tex_id);
		}
		t->tex_id = 0;
	}
	if (t->is_proxy && t->proxy_to.is_valid()) {
		Texture *proxy_to = texture_owner.get_or_null(t->proxy_to);
		if (proxy_to) {
			proxy_to->proxies.erase(p_texture);
		}
	}
	texture_atlas_remove_texture(p_texture);
	for (int i = 0; i < t->proxies.size(); i++) {
		Texture *p = texture_owner.get_or_null(t->proxies[i]);
		ERR_CONTINUE(!p);
		p->proxy_to = RID();
		p->tex_id = 0;
	}
	texture_owner.free(p_texture);
}
void TextureStorage::texture_2d_initialize(RID p_texture, const Ref<Image> &p_image) {