### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT,
	VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT,
	VK_BLEND_OP_MIN,
	VK_BLEND_OP_MAX
};
const VkSamplerAddressMode RenderingDeviceVulkan::address_modes[RenderingDevice::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_MAX] = {
	VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
	VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT,
	VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
	VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER,
	VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE
};
const VkBorderColor RenderingDeviceVulkan::sampler_border_colors[RenderingDevice::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_MAX] = {
	VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK,
	VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK,
	VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK,
	VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK,
	VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE,
	VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE
};
const VkImageType RenderingDeviceVulkan::vulkan_image_type[RenderingDevice::TEXTURE_TYPE_MAX] = {
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D
};
Error RenderingDeviceVulkan::_buffer_allocate(Buffer *p_buffer, uint32_t p_size, uint32_t p_usage, VmaMemoryUsage p_mem_usage, VmaAllocationCreateFlags p_mem_flags) {