### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
Control *key_focus = nullptr;
		Control *mouse_over = nullptr;
		Window *subwindow_over = nullptr; 
		Window *windowmanager_window_over = nullptr; 
		Control *drag_mouse_over = nullptr;
		Vector2 drag_mouse_over_pos;
		Control *tooltip_control = nullptr;
		Window *tooltip_popup = nullptr;
		Label *tooltip_label = nullptr;
		Point2 tooltip_pos;
		Point2 last_mouse_pos;
		Point2 drag_accum;
		bool drag_attempted = false;
		Variant drag_data;
		ObjectID drag_preview_id;
		Ref<SceneTreeTimer> tooltip_timer;
		double tooltip_delay = 0.0;
		bool roots_order_dirty = false;
		List<Control *> roots;
		HashSet<ObjectID> canvas_parents_with_dirty_order;
		int canvas_sort_index = 0; 
		bool dragging = false;
		bool drag_successful = false;
		bool embed_subwindows_hint = false;
		Window *subwindow_focused = nullptr;
		Window *currently_dragged_subwindow = nullptr;
		SubWindowDrag subwindow_drag = SUB_WINDOW_DRAG_DISABLED;
		Vector2 subwindow_drag_from;
		Vector2 subwindow_drag_pos;
		Rect2i subwindow_drag_close_rect;