### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "content_scale_aspect", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Ignore,Keep,Keep Width,Keep Height,Expand"), "set_content_scale_aspect", "get_content_scale_aspect");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "content_scale_stretch", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Fractional,Integer"), "set_content_scale_stretch", "get_content_scale_stretch");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::FLOAT, "content_scale_factor", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0.5,8.0,0.01"), "set_content_scale_factor", "get_content_scale_factor");
	ADD_GROUP("Localization", "");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::BOOL, "auto_translate"), "set_auto_translate", "is_auto_translating");
	ADD_GROUP("Theme", "theme_");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::OBJECT, "theme", PROPERTY_HINT_RESOURCE_TYPE, "Theme"), "set_theme", "get_theme");
	ADD_PROPERTY(PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "theme_type_variation", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM_SUGGESTION), "set_theme_type_variation", "get_theme_type_variation");
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("window_input", PropertyInfo(Variant::OBJECT, "event", PROPERTY_HINT_RESOURCE_TYPE, "InputEvent")));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("files_dropped", PropertyInfo(Variant::PACKED_STRING_ARRAY, "files")));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("mouse_entered"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("mouse_exited"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("focus_entered"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("focus_exited"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("close_requested"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("go_back_requested"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("visibility_changed"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("about_to_popup"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("theme_changed"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("dpi_changed"));
	ADD_SIGNAL(MethodInfo("titlebar_changed"));
	BIND_CONSTANT(NOTIFICATION_VISIBILITY_CHANGED);
	BIND_CONSTANT(NOTIFICATION_THEME_CHANGED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_WINDOWED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_MINIMIZED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_MAXIMIZED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_FULLSCREEN);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_EXCLUSIVE_FULLSCREEN);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(FLAG_RESIZE_DISABLED);
	BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(FLAG_BORDERLESS);