### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

bool use_hdr_2d = false;
	bool gen_mipmaps = false;
	bool snap_controls_to_pixels = true;
	bool snap_2d_transforms_to_pixel = false;
	bool snap_2d_vertices_to_pixel = false;
	bool physics_object_picking = false;
	bool physics_object_picking_sort = false;
	List<Ref<InputEvent>> physics_picking_events;
	ObjectID physics_object_capture;
	ObjectID physics_object_over;
	Transform3D physics_last_object_transform;
	Transform3D physics_last_camera_transform;
	ObjectID physics_last_id;
	bool handle_input_locally = true;
	bool local_input_handled = false;
	
	HashMap<ObjectID, uint64_t> physics_2d_mouseover;
	
	HashMap<Pair<ObjectID, int>, uint64_t, PairHash<ObjectID, int>> physics_2d_shape_mouseover;
	
	void _cleanup_mouseover_colliders(bool p_clean_all_frames, bool p_paused_only, uint64_t p_frame_reference = 0);
	Ref<World2D> world_2d;
	StringName input_group;
	StringName gui_input_group;
	StringName shortcut_input_group;
	StringName unhandled_input_group;
	StringName unhandled_key_input_group;
	void _update_audio_listener_2d();
	bool disable_3d = false;
	void _propagate_viewport_notification(Node *p_node, int p_what);