### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
return context->get_graphics_queue_family_index();
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_IMAGE: {
			Texture *tex = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_rid);
			ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(tex, 0);
			return (uint64_t)tex->image;
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_IMAGE_VIEW: {
			Texture *tex = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_rid);
			ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(tex, 0);
			return (uint64_t)tex->view;
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_IMAGE_NATIVE_TEXTURE_FORMAT: {
			Texture *tex = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_rid);
			ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(tex, 0);
			return vulkan_formats[tex->format];
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_SAMPLER: {
			VkSampler *sampler = sampler_owner.get_or_null(p_rid);
			ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(sampler, 0);
			return uint64_t(*sampler);
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_DESCRIPTOR_SET: {
			UniformSet *uniform_set = uniform_set_owner.get_or_null(p_rid);
			ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(uniform_set, 0);
			return uint64_t(uniform_set->descriptor_set);
		} break;
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_VULKAN_BUFFER: {
			Buffer *buffer = nullptr;
			if (vertex_buffer_owner.owns(p_rid)) {