### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

default: {
			scale = 100;
		} break;
	}
	rt->process_size = size * scale / 100;
	rt->process_size.x = MAX(rt->process_size.x, 1);
	rt->process_size.y = MAX(rt->process_size.y, 1);
	glGenTextures(2, rt->sdf_texture_process);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_process[0]);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RG16I, rt->process_size.width, rt->process_size.height, 0, GL_RG_INTEGER, GL_SHORT, nullptr);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 1);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_allocated_data(rt->sdf_texture_process[0], rt->process_size.width * rt->process_size.height * 4, "SDF process texture[0]");
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_process[1]);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RG16I, rt->process_size.width, rt->process_size.height, 0, GL_RG_INTEGER, GL_SHORT, nullptr);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 1);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	GLES3::Utilities::get_singleton()->texture_allocated_data(rt->sdf_texture_process[1], rt->process_size.width * rt->process_size.height * 4, "SDF process texture[1]");
	glGenTextures(1, &rt->sdf_texture_read);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rt->sdf_texture_read);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, rt->process_size.width, rt->process_size.height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);