### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
uint32_t zstd_size = decode_uint32(binptr + read_offset);
		read_offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
		uint32_t buf_size = (zstd_size > 0) ? zstd_size : smolv_size;
		Vector<uint8_t> smolv;
		const uint8_t *src_smolv = nullptr;
		if (zstd_size > 0) {
			
			smolv.resize(smolv_size);
			int dec_smolv_size = Compression::decompress(smolv.ptrw(), smolv.size(), binptr + read_offset, zstd_size, Compression::MODE_ZSTD);
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V(dec_smolv_size != (int32_t)smolv_size, RID());
			src_smolv = smolv.ptr();
		} else {
			src_smolv = binptr + read_offset;
		}
		Vector<uint8_t> spirv;
		uint32_t spirv_size = smolv::GetDecodedBufferSize(src_smolv, smolv_size);
		spirv.resize(spirv_size);
		if (!smolv::Decode(src_smolv, smolv_size, spirv.ptrw(), spirv_size)) {
			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(RID(), "Malformed smolv input uncompressing shader stage:" + String(shader_stage_names[stage]));
		}
		stage_spirv_data.push_back(spirv);
		stage_type.push_back(ShaderStage(stage));
		if (buf_size % 4 != 0) {
			buf_size += 4 - (buf_size % 4);
		}
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset + buf_size > binsize, RID());
		read_offset += buf_size;
	}
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset != binsize, RID());