### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.arch_linux

### System information

Arch linux  - OpenGL API 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.3.9 Amber - Compatibility - Using Device: Intel Open Source Technology Center - Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 2500 (IVB GT1)

### Issue description

I wrote a simple colorize shader:
```
uniform sampler2D color_map;
void fragment()
{
	vec2 uv = COLOR.rg;
	COLOR.rgb = texture(color_map, uv).rgb;
}
```
![20230614_21h26m15s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/636c00f8-09e3-4be4-9784-787a3c35ae63)

But when I change the uniform parameter in the editor, it turned into this
![20230614_21h07m45s_grim](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/68549456/0ac2430d-33f5-4c4a-8cd0-bd2f76b575cf)

However, this issue does not appear on Vulkan renderer (Foward+ and Mobile) 

### Steps to reproduce

Change value in the gradient in the shader parameter.

### Minimal reproduction project

[shader-bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11746761/shader-bug.zip)

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
	CopyEffects::get_singleton()->copy_to_rect(Rect2i(0, 0, 1.0, 1.0));
	glReadPixels(0, 0, texture->alloc_width, texture->alloc_height, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &w[0]);
	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
	glDeleteTextures(1, &temp_color_texture);
	glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &temp_framebuffer);
	data.resize(data_size);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(data.size() == 0, Ref<Image>());
	Ref<Image> image = Image::create_from_data(texture->width, texture->height, false, Image::FORMAT_RGBA8, data);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(image->is_empty(), Ref<Image>());
	if (texture->format != Image::FORMAT_RGBA8) {
		image->convert(texture->format);
	}
	if (texture->mipmaps > 1) {
		image->generate_mipmaps();
	}
#endif
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_editor_hint() && !texture->is_render_target) {
		texture->image_cache_2d = image;
	}
#endif
	return image;
}
void TextureStorage::texture_replace(RID p_texture, RID p_by_texture) {
	Texture *tex_to = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!tex_to);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(tex_to->is_proxy); 
	Texture *tex_from = texture_owner.get_or_null(p_by_texture);
	ERR_FAIL_COND(!tex_from);