### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.mono.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Windows 11, Forward+, Nvidia 3070 latest driver

### Issue description

When instancing many GPUParticles2D, occasionally the following error will be printed to the debugger console:

```
E 0:15:35:0980   compute_list_dispatch: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
  <C++ Error>    Method/function failed.
  <C++ Source>   drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:8007 @ compute_list_dispatch()
```

Massive artifacts coincide with this error. See example below:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/4622925/07b31c12-5388-4977-9c13-e91c8b6442fb

I am having difficulty recreating the exact conditions for this error. It seems to happen when many GPU particles are added to the tree at around the same time.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Instance many particles at once.

I realize this isn't helpful. I'm going to do more investigation to see if I can get more accurate reproduction steps.

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A yet
"Bc1_Rgb_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc1_Rgb_Srgb_Block",
	"Bc1_Rgba_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc1_Rgba_Srgb_Block",
	"Bc2_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc2_Srgb_Block",
	"Bc3_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc3_Srgb_Block",
	"Bc4_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc4_Snorm_Block",
	"Bc5_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc5_Snorm_Block",
	"Bc6H_Ufloat_Block",
	"Bc6H_Sfloat_Block",
	"Bc7_Unorm_Block",
	"Bc7_Srgb_Block",
	"Etc2_R8G8B8_Unorm_Block",
	"Etc2_R8G8B8_Srgb_Block",
	"Etc2_R8G8B8A1_Unorm_Block",
	"Etc2_R8G8B8A1_Srgb_Block",
	"Etc2_R8G8B8A8_Unorm_Block",
	"Etc2_R8G8B8A8_Srgb_Block",
	"Eac_R11_Unorm_Block",
	"Eac_R11_Snorm_Block",
	"Eac_R11G11_Unorm_Block",
	"Eac_R11G11_Snorm_Block",
	"Astc_4X4_Unorm_Block",
	"Astc_4X4_Srgb_Block",
	"Astc_5X4_Unorm_Block",
	"Astc_5X4_Srgb_Block",