### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
if (!can_drop) {
						ds_cursor_shape = DisplayServer::CURSOR_FORBIDDEN;
					} else {
						ds_cursor_shape = DisplayServer::CURSOR_CAN_DROP;
					}
				}
			} else {
				gui.drag_mouse_over = nullptr;
			}
		}
		if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->has_feature(DisplayServer::FEATURE_CURSOR_SHAPE) && !Object::cast_to<SubViewportContainer>(over)) {
			DisplayServer::get_singleton()->cursor_set_shape(ds_cursor_shape);
		}
	}
	Ref<InputEventScreenTouch> touch_event = p_event;
	if (touch_event.is_valid()) {
		Size2 pos = touch_event->get_position();
		const int touch_index = touch_event->get_index();
		if (touch_event->is_pressed()) {
			Control *over = gui_find_control(pos);
			if (over) {
				gui.touch_focus[touch_index] = over->get_instance_id();
				bool stopped = false;
				if (over->can_process()) {
					touch_event = touch_event->xformed_by(Transform2D()); 
					pos = over->get_global_transform_with_canvas().affine_inverse().xform(pos);
					touch_event->set_position(pos);
					stopped = _gui_call_input(over, touch_event);
				}
				if (stopped) {