### Godot version

4.1.1 stable

### System information

Windows 10

### Issue description

this is the default size loaded on startup 1024 which seems fine but it actually have loaded the default [2048] and ignored the size in project settings
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/c8c71de7-468a-487f-8e6c-dba1ce0f8fa5)

changing it now to any size will break it 
[2048]
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/3082ff09-b7d7-41f7-8fbb-813074a54135)

[512]
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/53877170/5ea4620f-52b5-4d0e-a5f5-747e777cd59d)


### Steps to reproduce

change 2d shadow atlas size in project settings while using compatibility renderer. 

### Minimal reproduction project

_
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 2, nullptr);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
		glBindVertexArray(0);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 
	}
	{
		
		glGenBuffers(1, &data.particle_quad_vertices);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.particle_quad_vertices);
		{
			
			const float qv[16] = {
				-0.5, -0.5,
				0.0, 0.0,
				-0.5, 0.5,
				0.0, 1.0,
				0.5, 0.5,
				1.0, 1.0,
				0.5, -0.5,
				1.0, 0.0
			};
			glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * 16, qv, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
		}
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 
		glGenVertexArrays(1, &data.particle_quad_array);
		glBindVertexArray(data.particle_quad_array);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.particle_quad_vertices);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(RS::ARRAY_VERTEX);
		glVertexAttribPointer(RS::ARRAY_VERTEX, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 4, nullptr);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(RS::ARRAY_TEX_UV);