### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

#ifndef RESOURCE_H
#define RESOURCE_H
#include "core/io/resource_uid.h"
#include "core/object/class_db.h"
#include "core/object/ref_counted.h"
#include "core/templates/safe_refcount.h"
#include "core/templates/self_list.h"
class Node;
#define RES_BASE_EXTENSION(m_ext)                                                                                   \
public:                                                                                                             \
	static void register_custom_data_to_otdb() { ClassDB::add_resource_base_extension(m_ext, get_class_static()); } \
	virtual String get_base_extension() const override { return m_ext; }                                            \
                                                                                                                    \
private:
class Resource : public RefCounted {
	GDCLASS(Resource, RefCounted);
public:
	static void register_custom_data_to_otdb() { ClassDB::add_resource_base_extension("res", get_class_static()); }
	virtual String get_base_extension() const { return "res"; }
private:
	friend class ResBase;
	friend class ResourceCache;
	String name;
	String path_cache;
	String scene_unique_id;