### Godot version

4.2 247c354

### System information

Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (NVIDIA; 30.0.15.1403) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

#75778 exposed `_validate_property()` to scripting. It's implemented in GDScript and C#, but not GDExtension (depends on #78634).
https://github.com/godotengine/godot/blob/247c3548d810136ffe9c1694cd76db3236efaa90/core/object/script_language_extension.h#L685-L687

Relevant discussion: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/75778#discussion_r1307294940

### Steps to reproduce

1. Add GDExtension script
2. Use `_validate_property()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
#ifndef GDEXTENSION_INTERFACE_H
#define GDEXTENSION_INTERFACE_H
/* This is a C class header, you can copy it and use it directly in your own binders.
 * Together with the JSON file, you should be able to generate any binder.
 */
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#ifndef __cplusplus
typedef uint32_t char32_t;
typedef uint16_t char16_t;
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
typedef enum {