### Godot version

v4.0.3.stable.official [5222a99f5]

### System information

Debian 11 | Vulkan API 1.2.175 - Forward+ - Using Vulkan Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | nvidia-driver 470.182.03-1 from Debian 11 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz

### Issue description

Re-opening a scene in the editor that contains a `TextureRect` with a `ViewportTexture` and is `preload`ed in an unopened script produces the following error repeatedly and rapidly (about 200 times per second) until either the scene is closed or the script is also opened.

>ERROR: Texture (binding: 0) should provide one ID referencing a texture (IDs provided: 0).
>   at: uniform_set_create (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:5501)
>ERROR: Condition "!uniform_set" is true.
>   at: draw_list_bind_uniform_set (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7191)
>ERROR: Uniforms were never supplied for set (3) at the time of drawing, which are required by the pipeline
>   at: draw_list_draw (drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_vulkan.cpp:7346)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Open the attached reproduction project
2. Open demo.tscn
3. Close demo.tscn
4. Open demo.tscn again

Do **not** open other.gd beforehand. Doing so will stop the problem from occurring.

### Minimal reproduction project

[reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681977/reproduce_uniform_not_set.zip)

AudioListener2D *get_audio_listener_2d() const;
	Camera2D *get_camera_2d() const;
	void set_as_audio_listener_2d(bool p_enable);
	bool is_audio_listener_2d() const;
	void update_canvas_items();
	Rect2 get_visible_rect() const;
	RID get_viewport_rid() const;
	void set_world_2d(const Ref<World2D> &p_world_2d);
	Ref<World2D> get_world_2d() const;
	Ref<World2D> find_world_2d() const;
	void enable_canvas_transform_override(bool p_enable);
	bool is_canvas_transform_override_enabled() const;
	void set_canvas_transform_override(const Transform2D &p_transform);
	Transform2D get_canvas_transform_override() const;
	void set_canvas_transform(const Transform2D &p_transform);
	Transform2D get_canvas_transform() const;
	void set_global_canvas_transform(const Transform2D &p_transform);
	Transform2D get_global_canvas_transform() const;
	virtual Transform2D get_final_transform() const;
	void assign_next_enabled_camera_2d(const StringName &p_camera_group);
	void gui_set_root_order_dirty();
	void set_transparent_background(bool p_enable);
	bool has_transparent_background() const;
	void set_use_hdr_2d(bool p_enable);
	bool is_using_hdr_2d() const;
	Ref<ViewportTexture> get_texture() const;
	void set_positional_shadow_atlas_size(int p_size);
	int get_positional_shadow_atlas_size() const;
	void set_positional_shadow_atlas_16_bits(bool p_16_bits);