### Godot version

v4.1.1.stable.official [bd6af8e0e]

### System information

Godot v4.1.1.stable - Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid trixie - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (nvidia) - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (6 Threads)

### Issue description

`Area2D`s which extend beyond the bounds of the root viewport, eg. when using a `canvas_items` stretch mode, receive mouse input events even in the black bands letterboxing the game:

https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/441188/3beb962f-c1fa-4098-a375-f3d862013577


### Steps to reproduce

1. Set project stretch mode to either `canvas_items` or `viewport`
2. Have an `Area2D` whose `CollisionShape` extends beyond the bounds of the rendered region
3. Connect the `Area2D`'s `mouse_[entered|exited]` signal to something
4. Wave the mouse around in the black areas outside the rendered game

### Minimal reproduction project

Project used for video demo above:

[area2d-oob.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/12207031/area2d-oob.zip)

This only demos `mouse_[entered|exited]`, but I first encountered this with the `Area2D.input_event` signal, where it received mouse clicks as well.
gui.drag_data = control->get_drag_data(control->get_global_transform_with_canvas().affine_inverse().xform(mpos - gui.drag_accum));
							if (gui.drag_data.get_type() != Variant::NIL) {
								gui.mouse_focus = nullptr;
								gui.forced_mouse_focus = false;
								gui.mouse_focus_mask.clear();
								break;
							} else {
								Control *drag_preview = _gui_get_drag_preview();
								if (drag_preview) {
									ERR_PRINT("Don't set a drag preview and return null data. Preview was deleted and drag request ignored.");
									memdelete(drag_preview);
									gui.drag_preview_id = ObjectID();
								}
								gui.dragging = false;
							}
							if (control->data.mouse_filter == Control::MOUSE_FILTER_STOP) {
								break;
							}
						}
						if (ci->is_set_as_top_level()) {
							break;
						}
						ci = ci->get_parent_item();
					}
				}
				gui.drag_attempted = true;
				if (gui.dragging) {
					_propagate_viewport_notification(this, NOTIFICATION_DRAG_BEGIN);
				}
			}