diff --git "a/Accounting/everyday_bookkeeping_1917.md" "b/Accounting/everyday_bookkeeping_1917.md" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/Accounting/everyday_bookkeeping_1917.md" @@ -0,0 +1,9800 @@ +White background with no visible content. + +MACMILLAN'S COMMERCIAL SERIES +EDITED BY CHEESMAN A. HERRICK + +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +White background with no visible content. + +MACMILLAN'S COMMERCIAL SERIES + +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +BY +ARTEMAS M. BOGLE, A.M. +DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, HIGH SCHOOL +KANSAS CITY, KANSAS + +Handwritten note: "CUT OUT" and "CUT OUT" + +New York +THE MACMILLAN COMPANY +1918 +All rights reserved + +HF5635 +B69 + +COPYRIGHT, 1917. +BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. + +Set up and electrotyped. Published April, 1917. +Reprinted December, 1917. + +A page with text and a watermark. + +Watermark: +J. S. Cushing Co., Inc. & Smith Co. +Norwalk, Mass., U.S.A. + +PREFACE + +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING presents an easy method of keeping accounts. It was prepared for the instruction of those who may desire to keep some record but who do not find the methods used in commercial bookkeeping suited to their needs. Each kind of account is treated separately, and the treatment is made elementary enough for a child to understand as soon as the matter treated comes within his or her experience. Not only is each topic treated separately, but each treatment is, in the main, independent of the others. This makes it possible to take up the chapters in any order, and those who wish instruction on a particular point can get that without having to study everything up to that point. The book may thus serve as a handbook on the topics treated. + +There are taken up also those forms of commercial paper, such as notes, checks, and receipts, for which nearly every one has some use. The business statement is also treated. Following this there are a few exercises in which an account is to be written with each item. This gives a review and it also illustrates the principle of double entry bookkeeping. There are also given suggested forms of books with special columns. These are often convenient for accounts of limited range. Special column books are also treated, as they are extensively used in some lines of business. + +Some portions of this book may be taught to pupils who are quite young by giving them an occasional lesson on + +382971 + +vi +PREFACE + +some topic, as the cash account, and letting it cover a con- +siderable period. + +One who masters the contents of this book will have gained information about common business forms, will have a simple method of keeping accounts, will have learned the principles of debiting and crediting, and will have laid a foundation for the study of commercial bookkeeping. + +This book is published in the hope that it will contribute in some way to the development of more sound business habits by those in the schools who are soon to be engaged in the activities of life. + +A. M. B. +MARCH 1, 1917. + +CONTENTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +vii + +CHAPTER II — PERSONAL ACCOUNTS + +
PREFACEPage
Editor's INTRODUCTIONxii
EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING1
Introductory Statement1
About Forms and Blank Books1
Debits and Credits2
Accounts2
CHAPTER I — THE CASH ACCOUNT3
Exercise 1 — A Boy's Cash Account4
Illustration of the Cash Account5
Exercise 2 — A Girl's Cash Account6
Exercise 3 — Another Cash Account for a Boy7
Exercise 4 — A School Girl's Cash Account8
Exercise 5 — A Boy's Cash Account9
Exercise 6 — A Girl's Cash Accounts11
Exercise 7 — A Carpenter's Cash Account13
Exercise 8 — A Boy's Cash Account14
Another Plan for Keeping an Account15
Exercise 9 — A Cash Account for Basketball Team15
Exercise 10 — A Cash Account for Baseball Team18
Exercise 11 — A Farmer's Cash Account19
Exercise 12 — A Teacher's Cash Account21
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTSSUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS)
+ + + +CHAPTER II — PERSONAL ACCOUNTS: + + +
Exercise 1 — Account with Samuel Wilson.
+ + + + +
Exercise 2 — An Account with a Blacksmith.
+ + + + +
Exercise 3 — A Blacksmith's Account with a Farmer.
+ + + + +
Exercise 4 — An Account between Two Neighbors.
+ + + + +
Exercise 5 — An Account with Charles Baldwin.
+ + + + +
Exercise 6 — Pupil's Account with Mr. Smart.
+ + + + +
Exercise 7 — Pupil's Account with W. S. Duff.
+ + + + +
Exercise 8 — An Account with Mr. Smith.
+ + + + +
Exercise 9 — An Account with Mr. Jones.
+ + + + +
Exercise 10 — An Account with Mr. Brown.
+ + + + +
Exercise 11 — An Account with Mr. White.
+ + + + +
Exercise 12 — An Account with Mr. Green.
+ + + + +
Exercise 13 — An Account with Mr. Lee.
+ + + + +
Exercise 14 — An Account with Mr. Taylor.
+ + + + +
Exercise 15 — An Account with Mr. Johnson.
+ + + + +
Exercise 16 — An Account with Mr. Martin.
+ + + + +
Exercise 17 — An Account with Mr. Davis.
+ + + + +
Exercise 18 — An Account with Mr. Miller.
+ + + + +
Exercise 19 — An Account with Mr. Thompson.
+ + + + +
Exercise 20 — An Account with Mr. Whitehead.
+ + + + +
Exercise 21 — An Account with Mr. Johnson.
+ + + + +
Exercise 22 — An Account with Mr. Martin.
+ + + + +
Exercise 23 - An Account with Mr. Davis.
. + +```html + + +

CONTENTS

+

PREFACE

+

EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION

+

EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING

+

Introductory Statement

+

About Forms and Blank Books

+

Debits and Credits

+

Accounts

+ +

CHAPTER I — THE CASH ACCOUNT

+

Exercise I—A Boy's Cash Account

+

Illustration of the Cash Account

+

Exercise II—A Girl's Cash Account

+

Exercise III—Another Cash Account for a Boy

+

Exercise IV—A School Girl's Cash Account

+

Exercise V—A Boy's Cash Account

+

Exercise VI—A Girl's Cash Accounts

+

Exercise VII—A Carpenter's Cash Account

+

Exercise VIII—A Boy's Cash Account

+

Another Plan for Keeping an Account

+

Exercise IX—A Cash Account for Basketball Team

+

Exercise X—A Cash Account for Baseball Team

+

Exercise XI—A Farmer's Cash Account

+

Exercise XII—A Teacher's Cash Account

+ +

Suggestions about Keeping Accounts

+

CHAPTER II — PERSONAL ACCOUNTS

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +viii CONTENTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CHAPTER III — PROPERTY ACCOUNTS34
Exercise 1 — Account with a Refreshment Stand37
Exercise 2 — Account with a Printing Press37
Exercise 3 — Account with a Post Office38
Exercise 4 — Account of Experiment with Learning Corn39
Exercise 5 — Account of Experiment with Learning Corn (Continued)40
Exercise 6 — Account of Experiment with Cows40
Exercise 7 — Account with an Orchard for Season41
Exercise 8 — Account with Dairy Cow "Maud"42
Exercise 9 — Account with Field of Wheat — 40 Acres42
Exercise 10 — Account with a Garden — 10 Acres44
Exercise 11 — Account with an Ice Cream Stand45
Exercise 12 — Account with a Soda Pop Stand45
Exercise 13 — Account with a Bird Cage46
Exercise 14 — Account with a Bird Home47
Exercise 15 — Account with Shop Work.47
Exercise 16 — Account with a Gardener's Tool Box48
Exercise 17 — Account with an Art Shop48
Exercise 18 — Account with an Automobile49
CHAPTER IV — PROMISSORY NOTES
Exercise in Writing Notes
CHAPTER V — ACCOUNT WITH NOTES
Exercise 1 — Accounts with Notes
Exercise 2 — Accounts with Notes (Continued)
The Bill-Book
Exercise for the Bill-Books
CHAPTER VI — ORDERS AND CHECKS
Exercise in Writing Checks
CHAPTER VII — ACCOUNT WITH A BANK
Exercise I — Account with The Home State Bank.
Exercise II — Account with The Commercial National Bank.
Account with a Savings Bank.
Exercise for Savings Bank Account.
CHAPTER VIII — INCIDENTAL ACCOUNTS
Exercise I — An Account with Interest.
Exercise II — An Account with Expenses.
Exercise III — An Account with Provisions.
Exercise IV — An Account with Pasturing Cattle.
Exercise V — Account with Opening Riverview Addition.
78 + +CHAPTER X — Bills or Invoices +Exercise for Writing Bills +80 + +CHAPTER XI — Statements +Exercise for Statements +82 + +CHAPTER XII — Double Entry +The Proprietor’s Account +90 +The Loss and Profit Account +Illustration of Accounts +The Trial Balance +Finding the Present Worth +Illustration of Accounts with Closing Entries +Directions for Preparing a Complete Exercise +Set I — Transactions for a Farmer +Set II — Transactions for a Young Man +96 +98 +100 +101 +104 + +CHAPTER XIII — Special Column Books +Household Expenses +Exercise for Writing Household Accounts +A Form of Special Column Journal for Household Accounts +A Suggested Exercise — Determining Cost of Meals +Another Exercise for Writing Household Accounts +Exercise for a Physician’s Cash Account +A Form of Special Column Cash-Book for a Physician +Illustration of a Special Column Cash-Book Suitable for a Farmer’s Wife +109 +109 +110 +114 +115 +116 +118 +120 +INDEX AND GLOSSARY +123 + +ix + +A black and white image of a person in a suit standing in front of a building. +10 + +EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION + +The book which follows is designed to serve the double purpose of furnishing an easy treatment of applied mathematics and a brief practical system of accounts. It ought to be a highly useful book in either direction. For quite twenty years students of educational methods, and observers of educational tendencies, have united in the statement that the results from the teaching of arithmetic have not been commensurate with the time and effort directed to this end. This is likely due to the vague and indefinite instruction given; arithmetic generally is not linked up with anything practical. Such computations as are presented in this manual offer the sort of work in arithmetic on which the pupils are likely to be tested after they leave school. More attention to such things as square root, cube root, progressions, and ratio and proportion, would lend interest and give a better return. + +In his manual on the teaching of arithmetic Professor David Eugene Smith comments thus in describing the work of the eighth school year: "It is not worth while to teach an elaborate form of bookkeeping to the average citizen. On the other hand it is necessary that every one should know how to keep simple accounts and this work should be taken up in this year." In describing the character of the proposed work Professor Smith further says, "It should relate to the income and expenditures of daily life in the home, on the farm, or in the shop." + +xii + +xii +EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION + +While the time spent on arithmetic has failed to give an adequate return for the investment, the same statement is even more true of the time spent on bookkeeping. The early treatises on this subject with their cumbersome day books, journals, and ledgers have to a surprising degree continued, and to them have been added elaborate and highly complicated business forms. We seek to give a complete articulated system of bookkeeping. + +Business schools have set themselves to give actual business experience and to furnish full-fledged bookkeepers. This has not only meant a large waste of the student's time, but it has, in addition, supplied what is an undesirable product. Business men testify again and again that book-keepers are most useful to them when they can perform the fundamental operations rapidly and correctly, and know in addition the principles of accounts. Much of the highly specialized work in which bookkeepers engage in commercial schools is found to be of little value when the future book-keeper takes up his work. It is not the bookkeeping of the practical world and he is not employed to carry out his attenuated system. Instead, he must apply simple principles and perform correct computations for a system of bookkeeping already in operation in the office or business with which he connects himself. + +There is, however, a place in our system of education for teaching the fundamentals of bookkeeping and with this there should be coupled practical exercises applying these principles in practice. Many do not go further and say that some knowledge of accounts, and the application of accounts to the various practical interests which concern the future lives of the young people being educated, is a moral obligation to every child as a part of his equipment for life? No subject is more exacting in its demands for accuracy than is bookkeeping. A result must be either + +EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION xiii + +right or wrong, and its value depends upon its absolute correctness. "Nearly right" or "correct in principle," or any other subterfuge, fails to meet the bookkeeping standard. + +In his famous Letters to his son Lord Chesterfield wrote, "Keep an account, in a book, of all that you receive, and of all that you pay, for no man who knows what he receives and what he pays ever runs out." + +Mr. Bogle's book shows the simplicity with which the accounts of children may be kept, and the application of the principles of accounts to various interests such as a child with an allowance, accounts of a literary or debating society, accounts of a baseball team, accounts of a house-wife, of a farmer, and of a physician. No better training could be imposed upon children than to require them to keep a simple record of income and outgo. Thereby they will learn to keep watch over expenditures and will be taught to look forward to a balance at the end of a period for which an allowance is made. Housewives can, by such a system of accounts as is set forth on pages 110 and 111, balance the different items of their expenditure, give intelligent oversight over outgo, and often prevent dire distress in the home. Farmers can ill afford not to keep a simple account record, not only of the operations of the farm as a whole, but subdivided to show the results from given fields, the production of different crops, the maintenance of a dairy, the raising of animals, and the like. If such accounts were kept with the different branches of work on a farm, the farmer would shortly be able to single out the parts of his operation which net him the largest returns, and either to eliminate the loss from certain branches of his work or discontinue those alleged to be unprofitable. + +The teacher, the minister, the lawyer, the real estate and insurance agent, the gardener, the treasurer of any fund however small, the mechanic, the laborer, the boarding-house + +xiv +EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION + +keeper, the printer, and a multitude of other practical people who do business in a small way, should be schooled in the sort of bookkeeping which is presented in this book. To a surprising extent citizens of America will at some time be responsible for the receipt and disbursement of moneys not their own, and the ability to keep an intelligent record and to present an understandable statement should be an element in the education of every person. + +Obviously, the elaborate course of bookkeeping often given in the private commercial school, or the commercial course of the public high school, is not possible for the rank and file of pupils. Bookkeeping is often taught as though those who studied it would be head bookkeepers. In the first place, the majority of those who reach these schools, and those who do so give themselves largely to other studies. After some years of observation on work in commercial schools, and practical experience in a home and in the rearing of a family of children, the writer is firm in the belief that all boys and girls should be taught the fundamentals of bookkeeping, and the application of arithmetic to the keeping of their everyday accounts. + +A writer on Child Training by Bookkeeping in " The Outlook" for August, 1906, holds that such training as is suggested above is more ethical than it is financial. It is urged that as soon as a boy can read he should have a purse in it, and money in this purse. But this is not enough. There should be a system of record to keep track of this money with a frequent reviewing of the record by some older person. Mr. Bogle's book is prepared in the belief that it will serve a useful purpose in the education of boys and girls. + +March 1, 1917. +C. A. H. + +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +--- + +UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA + +# EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +## INTRODUCTORY + +**Introductory Statement.** This book gives a simple method of keeping accounts. This method may be used by a boy or girl or by a person doing a small business. It, however, would not be suitable for a concern doing a large business. Neither would plans used in a large business be practicable for a person having but few business transactions a week. But the principles used in this book are those which underlie all bookkeeping. + +**About Forms and Blank Books.** It is hoped that many who use this text-book will be led to keep a record of their own money transactions. To do this a suitable book is needed. + +There are many standard bookkeeping forms which may be secured of almost any stationer. For much of the work illustrated in this text-book, especially for young people, a small book about 4½ inches by 7 inches is quite satisfactory. (See pages 16 and 25.) If the plan illustrated on pages 5 and 27 is followed, a book with two money columns to a page will be better. If something more pretentious is desired, such as for the special work which is treated in the latter part of the book, ask a stationer for the special column journals, special column cash books, and trial balance books. + +Sometimes it is more satisfactory to rule a form that just + +1 + +2 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +suits one's needs. In this event, procure a Record Book of suitable size and rule it yourself. A satisfactory width for the cents column is $\frac{1}{6}$ to $\frac{1}{3}$ of an inch and for the dollar column $\frac{1}{2}$ to $\frac{1}{3}$ of an inch. Note that a double ruled line occurs at the left of the dollar columns and a single line between the dollar and the cents columns. A rather stiff pointed pen will give most satisfactory results. + +**Debits and Credits.** Two of the common terms used in business are debit and credit. These are applied to persons and also to such items as cash, merchandise, notes, interest, salary, and expense. + +**Account.** An account is a systematic arrangement, under a single heading, of all the debit and credit items of a series of transactions with the same person, or pertaining to the same thing. In an account, the debits are placed at the left and the credits at the right. + +CHAPTER I + +THE CASH ACCOUNT + +Money includes the gold, silver, nickel, and copper coins made by the government, also paper currency issued by the same authority. Money is used as a measure of value and as a medium of exchange. Values are reckoned and recorded in money. Cash includes money, checks, money orders, sight drafts, or anything that can be converted into money on demand. The cash account is the record of cash transactions. It is a very important account to keep. + +An account is kept by a system of debits and credits. There are different ways of arranging accounts, but the illustration given on page 5 shows a simple method. To enable the pupil to decide the debits and the credits, rules will be given. Here is the one for cash: + +**RULE FOR DEBITING AND CREDITING CASH** + + + + + + + + + + +
Debitcash when it is received.
Creditgiven out.
+ +Balancing. The footing of the debit column gives the amount of cash received; and the footing of the credit column gives the amount paid out. The difference between these footings is the balance or the amount on hand, and when placed in the column with the smaller amount will make the two columns balance. The word Balance or the + +3 + +4 + +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +phrase *Amount on hand* may be written in the explanation column. Then the footings of each column should be written. An account may be balanced at such times as may be desired. + +**Ruling.** After the balance has been written, rule a single line exactly upon the blue line in the account book. This is the addition line. Below the footings, and also at the left, rule two lines very close together, with the upper one exactly on the blue line. It is usual to use red ink for these rulings and to use black ink for the other part. Colored ink may be used as for the other part of the account. + +**Re-opening.** To re-open the account the amount on hand is brought below the rulings and placed in the column opposite that in which it was first placed. This is done when the record is to be continued. + +A proper arrangement of the cash account is shown in the model on the opposite page. + +EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE + +**DIRECTIONS.** Write up the following exercises, observing as a model the form given. Refer to the rule for debiting and crediting cash until it is thoroughly familiar. + +**EXERCISE 1** + +January, 19--- +A Boy's Cash Account + +1. Amount on hand, $2.50. +2. Paid for flash light, $1.50. +3. Paid car fare, 10c. +4. Received for running errand, 50c. +5. Received for carrying value to station, 10c. +6. Paid for show, 20c. +7. Received for 2 days' work, $2.50. +8. Paid for shoes, $2.75. +9. Paid car fare, 10c. +10. Received for 3 days' work, $3.00. +11. Paid for show, 20c. +12. Received for 4 days' work, $4.00. +13. Paid for shoes, 10c. +14. Received for 5 days' work, $5.00. +15. Paid for show, 20c. +16. Received for 6 days' work, $6.00. +17. Paid for shoes, 10c. +18. Received for 7 days' work, $7.00. +19. Paid for show, 20c. +20. Received for 8 days' work, $8.00. +21. Paid for shoes, 10c. +22. Received for 9 days' work, $9.00. +23. Paid for show, 20c. +24. Received for 10 days' work, $10.00. +25. Paid for shoes, 10c. +26. Received for 11 days' work, $11.00. +27. Paid for show, 20c. +28. Received for 12 days' work, $12.00. +29. Paid for shoes, 10c. +30. Received for 13 days' work, $13.00. +31. Paid for show, 20c. +32. Received for 14 days' work, $14.00. +33. Paid for shoes, 10c. +34. Received for 15 days' work, $15.00. +35. Paid for show, 20c. +36. Received for 16 days' work, $16.00. +37. Paid for shoes, 10c. +38. Received for 17 days' work, $17.00. +39. Paid for show, 20c. +40. Received for 18 days' work, $18.00. +41. Paid for shoes, 10c. +42. Received for 19 days' work, $19.00. +43. Paid for show, 20c. +44. Received for 20 days' work, $20.00. +45. Paid for shoes, 10c. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +THE CASH ACCOUNT 5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Cash AccountW.C.
Jan. 1 Opened a cash account this day with the amount on hand20.65
3 Paid for coal7.40
5 Received for apples sold52.0
7 Received for 40 bu. wheat @ $2821.80
10 Bought pair of horses for John1.25
12 Paid subscription to farm and Fiscus for one year's dues50
15 Paid for showing horses1.60
20 Sold calves7.00
31 Amount on hand57.65
Pet. 1 Amount on hand57.65
3 Paid four pairs on wagon2.75
5 Bought stock for Ralphs $32.50, but for George $27.50, sold for March $9.75 Paid for 3 days labor @ $1.254.35
8 Sold 12 bu. apples @ $4.40 Paid for insurance on dwelling for three years3.75
12 Paid for insurance on dwelling for three years12.60
30 Amount on hand58.30
+ +REMARK. It is quite common, in balancing the cash account, to use the word Balance instead of the phrase Amount on hand. But the latter is more definite, and it is better for the beginner to use it. + +6 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +January, 19--- +26. Received for selling papers, 50c. +27. Paid for lunch, 10c. +28. Received for doing chores, 75c. +29. Paid for book, 50c. +31. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, $1.60.) + +February, 19--- +1. Transfer the balance below the rulings. +2. Paid for lunch, 15c. +3. Paid for gloves, 50c. +4. Received for 4 days' work, $5. +5. Paid for window glass broken, 50c. +6. Received for delivering message, 25c. +7. Paid for lunch, 90c. +8. Paid for pair skates, $1. +9. Paid for bicycle tire, $2.50. +10. Received for delivering groceries one half day, 75c. +11. Paid for tie, 25c. +12. Received for shoveling snow from sidewalk, 50c. +13. Paid for lunch, 15c. +14. Paid car fare, 10c. +26. Balance and rule the account. (Balance $2.05.) + +EXERCISE 2 + +February, 19--- +1. Amount on hand, $7.50. +2. Received allowance, $5. +3. Paid for sheet music, 25c. +4. Paid for music lesson, $1. +5. Paid for fountain pen, $2.50. +6. Paid for lunch, 15c. +7. Paid for tie, 25c. +8. Paid for ribbons, 15c. +9. Paid for music lesson, $1. +10. Received for errands for Mr. Browning, 75c. +11. Paid car fare, 10c. +12. Paid for music lesson, $1. +13. Received for doing errands for Mr. Coffey, 50e. +14. Paid music club dues for February, 20c. + +A YOUNG LADY'S CASH ACCOUNT + +THE CASH ACCOUNT +7 + +February, 19--- +25. Paid for music lesson, $1. +26. Paid for lunch, 15c. +28. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, $6.35.) + +March, 19--- +1. Transfer the balance below the rulings. + Received allowance, $5. + Paid for music lesson, $1. + Received for doing secrarial work for Mrs. Wilson, 50c. + Paid for stamps and stationery, 50c. + Received for mending Aunt Orpha's dress, 50c. + Paid for music lesson, $1. + Paid for car fare, 10c. + Paid for music lesson, $1. + Paid for evening gloves, $1. + Received for helping Aunt Caroline clean windows, 50c. + Paid for music lesson, $1. + Paid for car fare, 10c. + Paid for music lesson, $1. + Paid for saah for my lace dress, $1.50. + Paid for book for Helen's present, $1.45. + Paid music club dues for March, 20c. + Received for helping to plant corn for Mrs. Wilson, $1.75. + Paid for tooth brush and powder, 50c. +31. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, $5.25.) + +EXERCISE 3 + +ANOTHER CASH ACCOUNT FOR A BOY + +May, 19--- +1. Amount on hand, $1.30. +3. Received of Samuel Wilson for 3 days' hoeing, at 50c. +4. Paid for car fare, 10c. +8. Bought a book, 20c. +13. Paid for club dues, 10c. +18. Received of John Bowser for cutting weeds, 1½ days at 50c. +20. Paid for amusements, 20c. +21. Paid for expenses social, 25c. +24. Received of Wm. Cooper for helping to re-plant corn, 3 days at 50e. +27. Paid for a baseball, 25c. +31. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, $3.95.) + +8 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +June, 19--- +1. Transfer the balance below the rulings. +2. Paid for club dues, 10c. +3. Bought hat, 60c ; pair shoes, $2.; handkerchief, 15c. +4. Paid for car fare, 10c. +5. Received from Samuel Wilson for cultivating corn, 5 days at 50c. +6. Paid for baseball bat, 15c. +7. Bought pocket knife, 40c. +8. Paid for refreshments, 15c. +9. Received of Uncle John for helping to repair fence, 14 days at 50c. +10. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, $3.65.) + +EXERCISE 4 +September, 19--- +A SCHOOL GIRL'S CASH ACCOUNT +9. Received of father, $5. +10. Bought algebra, 60c ; civil government, 75c ; Latin lessons, 65c; English composition, 50c. +11. Paid for pencils, 10c. +12. Paid for hair band, 10c. +13. Bought drawing material, 95c. +14. Paid for ice cream soda, 10c. +15. Paid for comb, 10c. +16. Bought bottle ink, 10c ; pens, 5c ; paper, 10e. +17. Paid for candy, 10c. +18. Bought bottle fixative, 20c. +19. Paid for school fee English Club, 25e. +20. Paid for pencils, 10c. +21. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, 70e.) + +October, 19--- +Transfer the balance below the rulings. +1. Bought pencil tablet, 10c. +2. Paid for barrette, 10c. +3. Received of mother, $1. +4. Bought pair shoes, $1.40. +5. Paid for car fare, 10c. +6. Received of father, $1. +7. Paid car fare, 10c. +8. Paid for candy, 10c. +9. Bought bottle fixative, 20c. +10. Paid for school fee English Club, 25e. +11. Paid for pencils, 10c. +12. Balance and rule the account. (Balance, 25e.) + +THE CASH ACCOUNT + +EXERCISE 6 + +A FARMER BOY'S CASH ACCOUNT + +January, 19--- +1. Received from father, $3. +2. Bought account book, 10c. +3. Bought new skates, 1.25. +4. Paid my share of expenses at social, 20c. +5. Bought pair gloves, 75c. +6. Bought tie, 25c. + +February, 19--- +7. Received for helping neighbor drive cattle to market, 50c. +8. Bought pair ear muffs, 20c. +9. Bought candy, 10c. +10. Bought books for entertainment, 25c. +11. Paid for sewing ball cover, 15c. + +March, 19--- +12. Received from father, $1. +13. Bought pair overshoes, 75c. +14. Paid postage on letter, 20c. +15. Paid for reading Bible, 10c. +16. Balance the account. (Balance, 33c.) + +April, 19--- +17. Transfer the balance below the rulings. +18. Bought lead pencil, 5c. +19. Received from neighbor for hauling corn to market, 75c. + +May, 19--- +20. Bought 2 collars, 25c. +21. Bought base ball, 50c. +22. Received from father, 50c. +23. Bought pair suspenders, 40c. + +June, 19--- +24. Bought straw hat, 25c. +25. Received from father, $1. +26. Bought pair socks, 20c. +27. Balance the account. (Balance, 93c.) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
10EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING
July, 19—
1.Transfer the balance below the rulings.
15.Paid expenses at ice cream social, 20c.
18.Sold 15 watermelons, $1.75.
25.Bought shirt, 75c.
28.Sold 20 watermelons, $2.50.
August, 19—
4.Sold 20 watermelons, $2.25.
10.Bought pocket knife, 90c.
12.Sold 30 watermelons, $3.50.
20.Bought 2 handkerchiefs, 25c.
25.Received from Hiram Brandon for carrying water for threshers, 50c.
September, 19—
8.Paid admission to county fair, 25c.
8.Paid for pop, 5c.
13.Paid fare on ball for school, 10c.
20.Bought 6 pen points, 5c.
27.Paid postage on letters, 6c.
30.Balance the account. (Balance, $9.12.)
October, 19—
1.Transfer the balance below the rulings.
10.Bought pair shoes, $2.25.
19.Bought cap, 75c.
25.Bought bottle ink, 10c.
November, 19—
4.Bought fountain pen, $1.
12.Paid for repairs on shoes, 15c.
21.Bought collar button, 10c.
26.Bought skate strap, 10c.
+ +December, 19— + +3. Bought iron for sled runner, $3c. +12. Paid expense at oyster supper, .20c. +18. Bought Christmas present for mother, .25c ; for father, .30c. +28. Paid admission at entertainment, .15c. +31. Balance the account. (Balance, $3.57.) + +A page from a bookkeeping ledger with handwritten entries and calculations about expenses and purchases made by a young person over several months. The entries include items like watermelons sold for money spent on various items such as shoes, clothing, and stationery. There are also entries for expenses like admission fees and entertainment costs. The final line shows a balance of $3.57 after all transactions have been accounted for over December of that year. The handwriting is neat and legible throughout the document. A small number "10" is written in the top left corner of the page indicating this is page number ten of a larger bookkeeping record set. The style of the handwriting suggests it was written by a child or young person who was learning how to keep accounts and manage finances. The content of the entries is typical of what might be found in a diary or journal kept by someone learning to manage their own finances under supervision or guidance from an adult. The entries show a mix of purchases and expenses which could be related to daily life activities such as buying food and clothing or attending events like school functions or entertainments. The use of cents (.20c) and dollars ($3.57) indicates that this was likely written during a time when paper currency was still being used in some areas of the country before the widespread adoption of coins and paper money became more common. The presence of a balance at the end suggests that this was part of a larger set of records where multiple months' worth of transactions were recorded and then summarized into a final balance sheet at the end of each year or other period of time covered by these entries. + +The style of the handwriting is neat and legible throughout the document. It appears to be written by a child or young person who was learning how to keep accounts and manage finances. The content of the entries is typical of what might be found in a diary or journal kept by someone learning to manage their own finances under supervision or guidance from an adult. + +The use of cents (.20c) and dollars ($3.57) indicates that this was likely written during a time when paper currency was still being used in some areas of the country before the widespread adoption of coins and paper money became more common. + +The presence of a balance at the end suggests that this was part of a larger set of records where multiple months' worth of transactions were recorded and then summarized into a final balance sheet at the end of each year or other period of time covered by these entries. + +This document is likely from a historical context where paper currency was still being used in some areas before coins became more common. + +The style of the handwriting is neat and legible throughout the document. + +The content of the entries is typical of what might be found in a diary or journal kept by someone learning to manage their own finances under supervision or guidance from an adult. + +The use of cents (.20c) and dollars ($3.57) indicates that this was likely written during a time when paper currency was still being used in some areas of the country before coins became more common. + +The presence of a balance at the end suggests that this was part of a larger set of records where multiple months' worth of transactions were recorded and then summarized into a final balance sheet at the end of each year or other period of time covered by these entries. + +This document is likely from a historical context where paper currency was still being used in some areas before coins became more common. + +The style of the handwriting is neat and legible throughout the document. + +The content of the entries is typical of what might be found in a diary or journal kept by someone learning to manage their own finances under supervision or guidance from an adult. + +The use of cents (.20c) and dollars ($3.57) indicates that this was likely written during a time when paper currency was still being used in some areas of the country before coins became more common. + +The presence of a balance at the end suggests that this was part of a larger set of records where multiple months' worth of transactions were recorded and then summarized into a final balance sheet at the end of each year or other period of time covered by these entries. + +This document is likely from a historical context where paper currency was still being used in some areas before coins became more common. + +The style of the handwriting is neat and legible throughout the document. + +The content of the entries is typical of what might be found in a diary or journal kept by someone learning to manage their own finances under supervision or guidance from an adult. + +The use of cents (.20c) and dollars ($3.57) indicates that this was likely written during a time when paper currency was still being used in some areas of the country before coins became more common. + +The presence of a balance at the end suggests that this was part of a larger set of records where multiple months' worth of transactions were recorded and then summarized into a final balance sheet at the end of each year or other period of time covered by these entries. + +This document is likely from a historical context where paper currency was still being used in some areas before coins became more common. + +The style of the handwriting is neat and legible throughout the document. + +The content of the entries is typical of what might be found in a diary or journal kept by someone learning to manage their own finances under supervision or guidance from an adult. + +The use of cents (.20c) and dollars ($3.57) indicates that this was likely written during a time when paper currency was still being used in some areas + +THE CASH ACCOUNT +11 + +EXERCISE 6 + +A GIRL'S CASH ACCOUNT + +January, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +5. Bought account book, 20c. +9. Bought ribbon, 5c. +15. Bought letter paper, 10c. +26. Paid postage on letters, 4c. + +February, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +8. Bought hair pin, 10c. +12. Bought comb, 20c. +21. Bought handkerchief, 15c. + +March, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +3. Bought candy, 5c. +10. Bought bracelet, 49c. +21. Bought shoes, 20c. +31. Balance the account. (Balance, 9c.) + +April, 19--- +1. Transfer the balance below the rulings. +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +5. Bought pair stockings, 20c. +15. Bought beads, 15c. +23. Bought spool silkateen, 5c. + +May, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +4. Bought thimble, 5c. +7. Bought paper needles, 10c. +15. Bought candy, 3c. +27. Paid postage on letters, 6c. + +June, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50e. +10. Bought ribbon, 20c. +16. Bought 6 pen points, 5c. +21. Bought two skeins floss, 5c. + +12 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +June, 19--- +25. Bought crochet hook, 5c. +30. Balance the account. (Balance, 58c.) + +July, 19--- +1. Transfer the balance below the rulings. +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +3. Bought collar, 25c. +4. Bought ice cream, 10c. +20. Bought handkerchief, 20c. + +August, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +10. Bought yard lawns for apron, 15c ; bolt fancy braid, 10c. +17. Bought vase for flowers, 10c. +22. Bought paper napkins, 5c ; paper cups, 5c ; paper plates, 5c. + +September, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +10. Bought writing table, 5c ; box paints, 10c. +15. Bought book strap, 10c. +18. Bought candy, 10c. +23. Bought picture card for bedroom, 10c. +30. Balance the account. (Balance, 38c.) + +October, 19--- +1. Transfer balance below the rulings. +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +4. Bought pin cushion, 10c. +10. Bought brush and comb tray, 25c. +16. Bought 4 skeins flax, 10c. + +November, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50c. +7. Bought 4 yard handkerchief linen, 20c. +15. Bought pencil eraser, 5c. +26. Bought tooth brush, 15c. + +December, 19--- +1. Received monthly allowance from mother, 50e. +5. Bought to use in making Christmas presents, yard fancy ribbon, + 10e ; bolt baby ribbon, 10e ; ball crochet cotton, 15c. + +THE CASH ACCOUNT +13 + +December, 19--- +10. Received of Uncle Mansoan, $1. +15. Bought coal for sister for Christmas, 35c ; present for cousin Mattie, 25c ; Christmas dinner, 25c. +31. Balance the account. (Balance, $1.18.) + +EXERCISE 7 + +April, 19--- +A CARPENTER'S CASH ACCOUNT +1. Amount on hand, $35.20. +4. Bought saw, $1.25 ; hammer, 75c. +9. Paid house rent for month ending May 8, $12.50. +12. Bought pair shoes for myself, $2.25. +16. Bought chisel, 60c. +18. Received of John Kililion for roofing house, 61 days, $23.50. +24. Bought lumber for tool chest, $3.60 ; locks, hinges, handles, etc., $1.30. +25. Paid for insurance on household goods for 3 years, $2.35. +26. Bought hat for Willie, 60c. +30. Paid during month for meat and groceries, $16.40. + +May, 19--- +1. Received of A. S. Calvin for repairing his porch, 2 days, $7.50. +4. Bought plane stock and two bits, $2.75 ; brace, $1.75 ; 5 bits for brace, $1. +6. Received of W. S. Manley for putting curb on cistern, $2.50. +9. Paid house rent for month ending June 8, $12.50. +10. Bought 6 chairs at 75c each. +11. Received of R. W. Kelley for week's work on house at 227 Blair Avenue, $2. +14. Paid water rent for April, May, and June, $2. +18. Received of R. W. Kelley for 5 days' work on house at 227 Blair Avenue, $17.50. +20. Paid out insurance premium, $22.38. +23. Bought pair overalls, $1.25. +25. Received of R. W. Kelley for 4 days' work on house at 227 Blair Avenue and 2 days' work on barn at 930 Garfield Avenue, $21. +27. Received of M. A. King for interest for 6 months ending to-day on note due May 19---, $0.80. +31. Paid during month for meat and groceries, $18.95. +31. Balance the account. + +A page from a cash account book. + +14 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +EXERCISE 6 + +A LABORER'S CASH ACCOUNT + +June, 19--- +1. Amount on hand, $30.15. +2. Paid gas bill for May, $1.75. +3. Received of J. W. Coleman for 4 days' work with team excavating cellar at 732 Fifth Street, $4.00. +4. Paid for shoeing horses, 40c. +5. Bought for homes and cow 3 bales hay, at 35c. +6. Received of J. W. Coleman for 4 days' work with team grading lot at 732 Fifth Street, and 2 days' excavating cellar at 940 Benson Avenue, $19.50. +15. Bought shingles for roofing porch, $5.25. +20. Received of W. L. Bailey for 6 days' work with team, hauling brick, $1.80. +23. Paid L. E. Riveley for roofing porch, $2.75. +25. Bought bridle, $1.40. +27. Received of W. L. Bailey for 2 days' work with team hauling brick, at $3.25 ; 4 days' work tending mason, at $1.50. +30. Sold during month to neighbors, garden vegetables, $2.10 ; milk, $1.45. +30. Paid during month for groceries, $8.30. + +July, 19--- +3. Received of L. L. Hart for hauling lumber, 6 days at $3.25. +4. Spent at picnic, 90c. +6. Paid gas bill for June, $1.90. +11. Received of L. L. Hart for hauling lumber, 6 days at $3.25. +14. Bought clothing material for wife and children, $2.90. +15. Bought corn and chop, $3.60. +17. Received of Archey Colvin for one month's board, $15. +18. Received of L. L Hart for hauling lumber, 24 days at $3.25 ; of S. M., 6 days at $3.25 ; of H., 6 days at $3.25. +20. Bought clothing material for wife and children, $10.30. +22. Received of L. C Scott for hauling sand, 2 days at $3.25. +31. Sold to neighbors during month, garden vegetables, $6.30 ; milk, +$1.95. +31. Paid during month for groceries, $12.15. +31. Balance the account. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Amount on hand$30.15
Paid gas bill for May$1.75
Received of J.W.Coleman for 4 days' work with team excavating cellar at 732 Fifth Street$4
Paid for shoeing horses40c.
Bought for homes and cow 3 bales hayat 35c.
Received of J.W.Coleman for 4 days' work with team grading lot at 732 Fifth Street and 2 days' excavating cellar at 940 Benson Avenue$19.50
Bought shingles for roofing porch$5.25
Received of W.L.Bailey for 6 days' work with team hauling brick$180
Paid L.E.Riveley for roofing porch$275
Bought bridle$140
Received of W.L.Bailey for 2 days' work with team hauling brick$325
4 days' work tending mason$150
Sold during month to neighbors, garden vegetables$210
Milk$145
Paid during month for groceries$830
Received of L.L.Hart for hauling lumber, 6 days at $325;
July, 19---
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + +
DescriptionAmount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Amount ($)Description (if applicable)Balance the account.
Amount on hand:
June, 19---
$30.

Paid gas bill for May:
$1.

Bought shingles for roofing porch:
$5.

Paid L.E.Riveley for roofing porch:
$2.

Purchased corn and chop:
$3.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Paid gas bill for June:
$1.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.

Bought clothing material for wife and children:
$10.
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15 + +**ANOTHER PLAN FOR KEEPING AN ACCOUNT** + +Instead of using one page in making a record of transactions, two pages may be used, putting the debits on the left-hand page and the credits on the right-hand page. In this method, when the account is balanced, the footings are placed on the same blue line on the opposite pages. This plan is illustrated on the next page, using the cash account of page 5. It is recommended that the pupil write a few exercises after this model. + +If the column for explanations is narrow and there are several items in a transaction, the arrangement used in the account on page 27 is the more convenient. If the column is very narrow, the amount for each item may be put in the money column instead of putting the total for the group in this column. But if the column for the explanations is wide, the plan used for February 5 in the cash account on page 5 gives the more economical use of the space. + +*Use of Capitals.* In the illustrations in this book the names of articles are capitalized when they are listed in tabular form. But usage on this point is not uniform. [See page 27.] + +*Fractions.* A fraction of a cent should never appear in the money columns. If the fraction is one-half cent or more, call it one cent; if it is less than one-half cent, drop it. + +**EXERCISE 9** + +A CASH ACCOUNT FOR BASKET BALL TEAM + +SUGGESTION. This and the following exercises on the cash account may be written as shown in the model on page 16. + +November, 19— +13. Receipts of game with Kansas City University, $10.35. +24. Receipts of game with Rosedale High School, $8.95. +24. Paid expenses of game with Rosedale High School, 80c. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
16EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING
Cash Account
(Left-hand Page)Cash (debit)(Right-hand Page)Cash (credit)
Jan.Opened a cash ac-Jan. 3 Paid for coal.7.00
count this day,10 Bought provisions.125
with this amountfor John
on hand2.00
5 Received for applePaid subscription
8.00entertainment.
Received for 40 dol-Dec. 31, 1912
lent at @12750
in cold calf.Paid for showing
24.00horses.
24.00100Amount on hand45.00
5k.1 Amount on hand45.0057.05
12.00Sold 12 bushels of wheat at @10 p.3 Paid for space on wagon.2.75
9605 Bought flour for Ralph $2.25; then bought for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75; sold for $1.75;
3 Paid four space on wagon.298
@ 8 p.960
+ +THE CASH ACCOUNT +17 + +December, 19--- +3. Received for season tickets, $35. +4. Receipts of Central High School team our share of receipts of game there, $14.10. +8. Received for season tickets, $25. +8. Paid for knee guards, $2 ; car fare, 15c. +10. Paid A. G. Spalding and Bros. per bill of November 29, $17.25 ; bill of December 16, $17.25. +11. Received our share of door receipts of game played with Manual Training High School, $7.50. +14. Paid A. G. Spalding and Bros. per bill of December 11, $7.75. +23. Received our share door receipts of game with Westport High School, $11. +23. Paid car fares and refunds, $4.75. + +January, 19--- +7. Received one-half of net proceeds of game with Central High School, $6.85. +7. Paid for 300 membership tickets, $1.50. +19. Paid Baker and Lockwood Mfg. Co. for five lengths 4-tier circus seats for gymnasium, $30.75. +24. Received one-half net proceeds of game with Manual Training High School, $4. +26. Paid expenses of team to Leavenworth, Kan., $6. +29. Door receipts of game with Topeka, Kan., High School in our gymnasium, $12.75. +29. Paid referee of game with Topeka High School, $5. +29. Paid railroad fare of Topeka High School team, $18.70. + +February, 19--- +5. Door receipts of game with Westport High School, $32.50. +5. Paid expenses of officials of game with Westport High School, $10. +5. Paid Westport High School team one-half net proceeds, $11.25. +14. Received of Central High School team one-half of net proceeds of game with them, $4.51. +28. Received our share of net receipts of game with Manual Training High School, $12. +28. Paid expenses of team to Topeka, Kan., $4.50. + +C + +18 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +March, 19--- +1. Paid W. C. Landson, Lawrence, Kan., entrance fees for Basket Ball tournament, $2. +4. Received our share net proceeds of game with Westport High School, $1. +5. Received our share net proceeds of game with Leavenworth, Kan., High School, $5. +10. Paid E. K. Kendrick for expenses of team attending tournament at Lawrence, Kan., $40. +14. Received of E. K. Kendrick unused balance of cash advanced him March 3, $17. +24. Paid manager of team for outlay for basket ball laces, whistle, etc., $1.40. + +24. This being the end of the season, the account may be balanced. + +EXERCISE 10 + +April, 19--- +A CASH ACCOUNT FOR BASEBALL TEAM + +3. Received for sale of season tickets, $36.75. +3. Gate receipts of game with Westport High School, played at Chelsea Park, $7.50. +8. Paid expenses of game with Westport High School : Rent of Park, $5 ; umpire, $2.60 ; ball shag, 50c ; water boy, 25c ; peroxide, 25c. +13. Gate receipts of game with Central High School, played at Chelsea Park, $5.25. +15. Receipts of game with Central High School : Rent of grounds, $5 ; umpire, $2.50 ; water boy, 25c ; ball shag, 50c. +15. Paid A. G. Spalding and Bros. for ball and bat, $2.25. +16. Gave A. McDonald for expenses of team to Lexington, Mo., $20. +17. Receipts of game with Wentworth Military Academy, $18.40. +20. Receipts of game with Leavenworth High School, at Chelsea Park, $1. +20. Paid expenses of game with Leavenworth High School : Ball shag, 25c ; water boy, 25c ; rent of grounds, $5 ; umpire, $2.50. +27. Receipts of game with Manual Training High School, $4.50. +28. Paid expenses of game with Manual Training High School : Umpire, $2.50 ; shag, 50c ; water boy, 25c ; bat, $1 ; rent of grounds, $5. + +A page from a bookkeeping ledger. + +THE CASH ACCOUNT 19 + +May, 19--- +5. Receipt of game with Central High School, $1. +6. Paid for baseball, $1. +7. Paid for a room to Leavenworth, Kan., $8.40. +26. Received from profit of excursion to Parkville, Mo., $42.50. +28. Paid James Brennan for balls, $2.50. +30. Paid R. W. Van Peyma for mitt, balls, etc., per bill, $46.90. +30. Balance the account. + +EXERCISE 11 + +A FARMER'S CASH ACCOUNT + +May, 19--- +1. Cash on hand and in bank, $780.00. +2. Bought 8 steers at $16. +3. Paid for butter, $90.00. +12. Sold 30 lb. butter at 28¢ ; 18 doz. eggs at 22c. +16. Bought coat for Hiram, $2 ; hat for Jennie, $1.25. +25. Paid insurance for six months, $12.50. +29. Paid for shooting horse, $2.50. + +June, 19--- +4. Paid on piano bought of Jenkins' Sons Music Co., $100. +7. Paid farm help to date, $35. +11. Paid blacksmith's bill, $18.40. +12. Paid note of March 14, $210, and interest for 90 days at 6%. +18. Received of F. C. Lathers an amount due on account, $39. +20. Paid for dairy milk, etc., $9.90. +25. Paid annual subscription to Benevolent Society, $5. +27. Sold 20 bu. corn at 63c ; 80 bu. wheat at 90c ; 12 hogs, weigh- +ing 2980 lbs., at 54c. + +July, 19--- +2. Paid for repairing buggy, $2.75. +6. Received of St. James Hotel in part payment of butter, eggs, +and chickens, $35. +10. Received of St. James Hotel on account, $20. +14. Sold 25 chickens at 25¢ ; 15 ducks at 30¢ ; 9 doz. eggs at 20c. +15. Paid for grocering, $12.35. +16. Paid farm hands to date, $38. +20. Sold a dressed hog, 215 lbs., at 6c. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
May, 19---5.
Receipt of game with Central High School,
$1.
6.
Paid for baseball,
$1.
7.
Paid for a room to Leavenworth,
Kan.,
$8.40.
26.
Received from profit of excursion to Parkville,
Mo.,$42.50.
28.
Paid James Brennan for balls,
$2.50.
30.
Paid R.W.Van Peyma for mitt,balls etc.,per bill,$46.90.
30.Balance the account.
















































EXERCISE 11
+ +20 + +# EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +July, 19--- + +25. Received of St. James Hotel in part payment for butter, eggs, and chickens delivered to them to-day, $10. +30. Received of St. James Hotel to apply on account, $15. +31. Balance the cash-book. + +August, 19--- + +1. Bring down the cash balance. +2. Paid subscription to Girard Press, $1.50. +4. Sold John Wilson 7 tons hay at $12. +6. Paid J. C. King for shooting horses, $2.50. +8. Sold 100 lbs. butter at 20c ; 50 lbs. dox. at 20c ; 3 dos. chickens at $3 per dozen. +10. Paid for groceries, $11.80. +12. Paid for taxes on farm and personal property, $60. +15. Sold 400 lbs. wheat at 40c ; 400 bu. oats at 20c. +17. Received for pasture, $75. +20. Paid farm hands to date, $42. +22. Paid dentist's bill, $6.50. +27. Paid to J. R. Britton for repairs on wagon, $5.50. + +September, 19--- + +2. Sold 7 tons hay at $13. +2. Paid rent of June 4 last, favor Jenkin's Sons Music Co., $130 ; interest on same, $1.80. +9. Sold 80 bu. potatoes at 50c ; 30 bu. apples at 25c. +10. Bought school books for children, $8.20. +12. Bought 4 tons hay at $13 each. +18. Paid for threshing grain, 1200 bu. wheat at 4c ; 1600 bu. oats at 3c. +21. Paid for insurance on farm buildings, $10.25. +26. Sold D. M. Wiley 140 bu. potatoes at 50c ; 60 bu. apples at 25c. + +October, 19--- + +4. Received for poultry sent to market, $7. +6. Paid Charles McHendie for repairs on barn, $20. +10. Paid William Smith Hotel on account, $20. +11. Sold 5 tons hay at $14. +14. Paid hired hands to date, $35. +15. Received of William Smith for pasture, $60. +19. Sold 2 hogs for $18 and one calf for $3. +21. Paid for groceries, $530. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DescriptionAmount
Received of St. James Hotel in part payment for butter, eggs, and chickens delivered to them to-day,$10.
Received of St. James Hotel to apply on account,$15.
Balance the cash-book.
Bring down the cash balance.
Paid subscription to Girard Press,$1.50.
Sold John Wilson 7 tons hay at$12.
Paid J.C.King for shooting horses,$2.50.
Sold 100 lbs.Butter at20c;
50 lbs.Dox.at20c;
3 Dos.Chickensat$3perdozen.
Paid for groceries,$11.80.
Paid for taxes on farm and personal property,$60.
Sold 400 lbs.Wheat at40c;
400 Bu.Oatsat20c.
Received for pasture,$75.
Paid farm hands to date,$42.
Paid Dentist's bill,$6.50.
Paid to J.R.Britton for repairs on wagon,$5.50.
Sold 7 tons hay at$13.
Paid rent of June 4 last,favor Jenkin's Sons Music Co.,$130;
Interest on same,$1.80.
Sold 80 bu.Potatoes at50c;
30 bu.Applesat25c.
Bought school books for children,$8.20.
Bought 4 tons hay at$13each.
Paid for threshing grain,1200bu.Wheatat4c;
1600bu.Oatsat3c.
Paid for insurance on farm buildings,$10.25.
Sold D.M.Wiley 140 bu.Potatoes at50c;
60bu.Applesat25c.
Received for poultry sent to market,$7.
Paid Charles McHendie for repairs on barn,$20.
Paid William Smith Hotel on account,$20.
Sold 5 tons hay at$14.
Paid hired hands to date,$35.
Received of William Smith for pasture,$60.
Sold 2 hogs for$18andonecallfor$3.
Paid for groceries,$530.
+ +THE CASH ACCOUNT +21 + +October 13--- +22. Sold T. F. Briston 13 tons hay at $12 a ton and received in part payment, $50. +24. Paid Jonas Clark to apply on account, $58. +25. Bought flour for family use, $15. +26. Sold 200 bu. wheat at 82c ; 250 bu. corn at 60c ; 50 bu. pota- +toes at 50c ; 45 bu. apples at 45c. +31. Sold during the month poultry, butter, and eggs amounting +to $25.40. +31. Balance the cash-book. + +EXERCISE 12 + +September, 19--- +A TEACHER'S CASH ACCOUNT + +1. Amount on hand, $42.65. +5. Paid railroad fare, $2.40. +6. Paid drayage on trunks, 50c. +6. Bought pair shoes, 60c. +10. Bought pair shoes, $3. +18. Bought arithmetic, 80c. +24. Bought handkerchiefs, 60c. + +October, 19--- +4. Paid board for 4 weeks, $18. +9. Drew salary for month ending October 3, $60. +10. Deposited in Savings Bank, $50. [Enter this as a memorandum ; +that is, do not extend the amount into the money column, unless you +are keeping an account with the Savings Bank aside from the Pass Book.] + +18. Set aide for benevoles, $2. +23. Bought tickets for lecture course, $1.25. +31. Paid expenses at social, 60c. + +November, 19--- +1. Paid board for 4 weeks, $16. +6. Drew salary for month ending October 31, $60. +7. Bought wearing apparel, $8.60. +7. Deposited in Savings Bank, $28. +15. Set aide for club dues, $2. +21. Paid expenses attending State Teachers' Association, $7.60. +29. Paid board for 4 weeks, $16. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
22EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING
December, 19—.
1.Received of J. W. Monroe 6 months' interest due to-day on loan,
$9.30
4.Drew salary for month ending November 28, $60.
5.Deposited in Savings Bank, $40.
20.Paid board for 3 weeks, $12.
20.Paid Christmas presents, $2.80.
21.Laundered bed sheets, payment to janitor, 50c.
22.Renewed subscriptions to periodicals, $4.50.
23.Paid for postage stamps, 75c.
31.Balance the account. [As the amounts deposited in the Savings Bank were not examined into the money column, the balance here will include those amounts.]
+ +January, 19—. +1. Bring the balance down. +2. Record interest on deposits in Savings Bank, 31c. +3. Paid holiday expenses, $3.90. +4. Paid for professional journal, $2. +5. Drew salary for month ending January 9, $60. +15. Deposited in Savings Bank, $40. +27. Bought clothing, $17.50. +31. Paid board for 4 weeks, $16. + +February, 19—. +10. Paid charity, $1. +12. Drew salary for month ending February 6, $60. +13. Deposited in Savings Bank, $30. +21. Paid expenses at County Teachers' Association, $1.90. +28. Paid board for 4 weeks, $16. +28. Paid for fountain pen, $2. + +March, 19—. +5. Bought set drawing instruments, $1.75. +12. Drew salary for month ending March 6, $60. +13. Deposited in Savings Bank, $40. +18. Paid postage stamps and stamps, $1.25. +28. Paid board for 4 weeks, $16. +31. Balance the account. + +A page from a bookkeeping ledger with handwritten entries and calculations. + +THE CASH ACCOUNT + +April, 19--- +1. Bring balance down. +2. Settled sales for the balance, $2. +3. Due sales for month ending April 3, $60. +4. Deposited in Savings Bank, $40. +5. Paid expenses at social, 40c. +6. Bought book on Methods of Teaching, $1.25. +7. Paid board for 4 weeks, $16. + +May, 19--- +8. Paid for pleasure trip, $2. +9. Drew from Savings Bank, ending May 1, $60. +10. Deposited in Savings Bank, $40. +11. Paid expenses at County Teachers' Association, $2.10. +12. Bought hat, $3.25. +13. Paid board for four weeks, $16. +14. Drew from Savings Bank for month ending to-day, $60. +15. Paid board for one week, $4. +16. Paid railroad fare, $2.40 ; drayage on trunk, 50c. + +June, 19--- +17. Received of J. W. Monroe to apply on loan, $50 ; and for six months' interest due to-day, $9.00. +18. Drew from Savings Bank, $75. [Memorandum.] + +SUGGESTIONS ABOUT KEEPING ACCOUNTS + +To Teachers. 1. Have pupils write other cash accounts, making up imaginary transactions. +2. Have each pupil keep an account of his own cash transactions for at least four weeks, and hand it in for inspection as often as may be desired. Let the accounts be balanced at the end of each week, and the balance compared with the money on hand. The pupil should be asked to state whether these agree. Or this work may extend over a + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
April, 19---Bring balance down.
Settled sales for the balance, $2.
Due sales for month ending April 3, $60.
Deposited in Savings Bank, $40.
Paid expenses at social, 40c.
Bought book on Methods of Teaching, $1.25.
Paid board for 4 weeks, $16.
May, 19---8. Paid for pleasure trip, $2.
9. Drew from Savings Bank, ending May 1, $60.
10. Deposited in Savings Bank, $40.
11. Paid expenses at County Teachers' Association, $2.10.
20. Bought hat, $3.25.
23. Paid board for four weeks, $16.
24. Drew from Savings Bank for month ending to-day, $60.
30. Paid board for one week, $4.
30. Paid railroad fare, $2.40 ; drayage on trunk, 50c.
+ +June, 19--- + +
SuggestionsDescription
To TeachersHave pupils write other cash accounts,
Making up imaginary transactionsand hand it in for inspection as often as may be desired.
Let the accounts be balanced at the end of each week,and the balance compared with the money on hand.
The pupil should be asked to statewhether these agree.
Or this work may extend over a
+ + +
SuggestionsDescription
To TeachersHave each pupil keep an account of his own cash transactions for at least four weeks,
Making up imaginary transactionsand hand it in for inspection as often as may be desired.
Let the accounts be balanced at the end of each week,and the balance compared with the money on hand.
The pupil should be asked to statewhether these agree.
Or this work may extend over a
+ + +
SuggestionsDescription
To TeachersHave each pupil keep an account of his own cash transactions for at least four weeks,
Making up imaginary transactionsand hand it in for inspection as often as may be desired.
Let the accounts be balanced at the end of each week,and the balance compared with the money on hand.
The pupil should be asked to statewhether these agree.
Or this work may extend over a
+ + +Making up imaginary transactions
SuggestionsDescription
To TeachersHave each pupil keep an account of his own cash transactions for at least four weeks,
Making up imaginary transactions
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The Cash Account - Page Number (Page_23)
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + / + +24 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +longer period of time and the accounts be balanced once a month. For this purpose paper may be ruled, if no ruled paper is at hand. The following of this suggestion will be good practice for the pupil even though he may receive only + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Cash AccountW.C.
Jan. Opened a cash account this day with the amount on-hand20.65
3 Paid for coal7.40
5 Received four apples sold5.20
8 Received four bushels wheat @ 6224.70
10 Bought pair shoes for John1.25
12 Paid subscription to "Trinity" Free side for year ending Dec. 31, 191650
13 Paid for shoeing horses1.40
20 Sold calf7.00
31 Amount on hand (answer)49.95
+ +car fare from his parents or a few cents at a time for spending money. + +To PUPILS. Good habits formed early and persistently followed are of great value. One good habit is to keep an account of one's business transactions. It is recommended that the pupil begin this now. Probably cash is the only + +THE CASH ACCOUNT 25 + +item that there will be occasion to keep an account with during one's school days. This can be commenced as soon as Chapter I is completed. A book about four to five inches wide and six to eight inches long is quite convenient. A book with a single money column may be made to answer the purpose by using the column for dollars for the debits, and the column for cents for the credits. The cash account on page 5, if put in a book of this kind, would appear as given in the illustration below. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Cash AccountDr.Ct.
Jan. 1 Opened a cash account this day with the amount on-hand20.45
3 Paid for coal7.40
5 Received five apples sold5.20
8 Received for 45 bushels wheat @ $1.24.80
10 Bought pair shoes for $1.25
12 Paid subscription to farmer's Advocate for year ending Dec. 31, 191650
13 Paid for showing horses1.40
10 Cold calf7.00
31 Amount on hand (Raw)66.90
$7.45 $7.45
+ +CHAPTER II + +PERSONAL ACCOUNTS + +Personal accounts are accounts with individual persons, firms, and corporations. (For illustration, see opposite page.) + +RULE FOR DEBITING AND CREDITING PERSONS + + + + + + + + + + +
Debita person when he receives value on account.
Creditgives up
+ +To buy or sell "on account" means that payment is to be made at some future time. + +EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE + +INSTRUCTION. Write up the following transactions, and balance the accounts as indicated. The frequent balancing is for practice. In making records of actual transactions, the accounts need be balanced only at such times as may seem advisable. + +EXERCISE 1 + +August, 19 ____________ + +3. Bought of him 8 yd. calico at 6c ; 5 yd. gingham at 12½c ; 2 spoons of tea at 3c. +4. Bought of him 20 lb. sugar at 8c ; 2 lb. cheese at 20c ; 3 lb. dried beef at 40c. +10. Sold him 5 lb. butter at 23c ; 2 bu. potatoes at 35c. +20. Sold him 3 bu. potatoes at 40c ; 4 bu. apples at 50c. +25. Bought of him 1 lb. coffee, 25c ; 2 lb. rice at 8c. +27. Sold him 3 sheeps at 20c. + +Balance the accounts ____________ + +PERSONAL ACCOUNTS +27 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
John BallardWc.Ct.
July 1 Bought of him
16th Sugar @ 64¢
2nd Coffee @ 25¢
1 sack flour
8 Bought 3 day, Fruit Jars, quart
segs, @ 6¢
10 Paid him cash
13 Bought 16th Sugar @ 34¢
10th tea @ 50¢
Yolk Pepper @ 10¢
16 Sold him 16th Butter @ 20¢		100
100
100
300
Tax Balance due from him
Aug. 1 Balance due from him
5 Sold him 8 Chickens @ 25¢
9 Bought 20th Sugar @ 34¢
15 Worked for him / 14 days with team @ $2.50
20 Received of him cash for balance due		700
177
270
125
375
577
Sep. 5 Sold him 16th Butter @ 22¢
9 Bought 1 sack flour
16th Sugar @ 64¢
10th Tea @ 50¢
Yolk Pepper @ 10¢
17 Bought 2 day, Building, glass Jars
20 Sold him Yolk, Potatoes @ 10¢		722
244
120
100
25
370
170
90
Tax Balance due from him
+ +A handwritten document detailing personal accounts for John Ballard. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Personal AccountsNo.Ct.
Name:Description:Total:
John BallardBought of him:No.:Ct.:
July 1Bought of him:No.:Ct.:
July 1Bought of him:No.:Ct.:
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +, + +28 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +September, 10--- +1. Bring down the balance. +4. Sold him 3 bu. apples at 40c ; 2 bu. potatoes at 50c. +7. Bought of him 1 gal. syrup, 40c ; 15 lb. sugar at 8c ; 1 sack flour, $1.30. +15. Bought of him 2 yd. ribbon at 7c ; 1 pair slippers, $1.25. +21. Sold him 14 doz. eggs at 19c. +24. Sold him 3 lb. butter at 24c ; 2 bu. potatoes at 60c ; 3 bu. apples at 40c. +27. Bought of his pair shoes, $2.50 ; hat, $1.75. +28. The account is settled by one paying the other cash. Make the proper entry. Foot and rule the account. + +EXERCISE 2 + +James Hopkins is a farmer and William Braley a blacksmith. Think of yourself as Mr. Hopkins and write up, from the following memoranda, his account with William Braley : + +April, 19--- +4. William Braley made repairs on wagon, $2.75. +7. Shoing Ned and Doll, $2.40. +10. Sold him 2 lb. butter at 20c ; 14 doz. eggs at 15c. +14. Bought of him a horse, $3. +18. Bought 8 new teeth for harrow, $1. +18. Sold him 3 bu. potatoes at 80c. +25. Paid him each, $3.50. +30. Balance the account and re-open it on May 1. + +May, 19--- +1. Repairs on plow, $1.25. +5. Worked for him one-half day with team, grading about shop, at $2.50. +8. Hooping barrel, $1.50. +15. Sharpening 2 plow shares at 25c. +21. Sold him a horse at 20c. +25. Sharpening cultivator shovels, 80c. +25. Paid him each for balance due. After making this entry, foot and rule the account. + +
No.DescriptionTotal
No.:Description:Total:
No.:Description:Total:
No.:Description:Total:
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September, 10---
1.Bring down the balance.
4.Sold him 3 bu. apples at 40c ; 2 bu. potatoes at 50c.
7.Bought of him 1 gal. syrup, 40c ; 15 lb. sugar at 8c ; 1 sack flour, $1.30.
15.Bought of him 2 yd. ribbon at 7c ; 1 pair slippers, $1.25.
21.Sold him 14 doz. eggs at 19c.
24.Sold him 3 lb. butter at 24c ; 2 bu. potatoes at 60c ; 3 bu. apples at 40c.
27.Bought of his pair shoes, $2.50 ; hat, $1.75.
28.The account is settled by one paying the other cash.
Make the proper entry.
Foot and rule the account.
April, 19---
4.William Braley made repairs on wagon, $2.75.
7.Shoing Ned and Doll, $2.40.
10.Sold him 2 lb. butter at 20c ; 14 doz. eggs at 15c.
14.Bought of him a horse, $3.
18.Bought 8 new teeth for harrow, $1.
18.Sold him 3 bu. potatoes at 80c.
25.Paid him each, $3.50.
30.Balance the account and re-open it on May 1.
May, 19---
1.Repairs on plow, $1.25.
5.Worked for him one-half day with team, grading about shop, at $2.50.
8.Hooping barrel, $1.50.
15.Sharpening 2 plow shares at 25c.
21.Sold him a horse at 20c.
EXERCISE 2
James Hopkins is a farmer and William Braley a blacksmith...
Think of yourself as Mr Hopkins and write up,
from the following memoranda, his account with William Braley :
April, 19---
4.William Braley made repairs on wagon,$2.75.
7.Shoeing Ned and Doll,$2.40.
10.Sold him two pounds of butter at twenty cents per pound; fourteen dozen eggs at fifteen cents per dozen.
14.Bought of him a horse,$3.
18.Bought eight new teeth for harrow,$1.
18.Sold him three bushels of potatoes at eighty cents per bushel.
25.Paid him each,$3-50.
30.Balance the account and re-open it on May first...
May, 19---
May first,
Balance the account and re-open it on May first...
May second,
Balance the account and re-open it on May second...
May third,
Balance the account and re-open it on May third...
May fourth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May fourth...
May fifth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May fifth...
May sixth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May sixth...
May seventh,
Balance the account and re-open it on May seventh...
May eighth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May eighth...
May ninth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May ninth...
May tenth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May tenth...
May eleventh,
Balance the account and re-open it on May eleventh...
May twelfth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May twelfth...
May thirteenth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May thirteenth...
May fourteenth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May fourteenth...
May fifteenth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May fifteenth...
May sixteenth,
Balance the account and re-open it on May sixteenth...
May seventeenth,
+ + + + + + + +
EXERCISES:
A farmer named James Hopkins had an agreement with William Braley to work for him half a day every week for a certain amount of money... + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an example of how this agreement might have been written out in writing: + +The following is an 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Hopkins. Make the necessary changes in the wording. For April 7 you may say, "Shoeing team horses," or "Shoeing two horses." + +**EXERCISE 4** + +John Cover and Hiram Eastman are neighbors and help each other at times. From the following data write up each one's account with the other. Consider a day's work with a team worth $2.50 and a day's work of a person alone worth $1.25, except for harvesting and threshing, which consider as worth $1.50 a day. + +Endeavor to use a good form of wording in writing the record. + +June, 19--- +3. Carver helped Eastman 14 days with team, scraping out pond. +7. Eastman helped Carver 2 days, building fence. +10. Eastman sold Carver a 2-year-old steer, $23. +14. Carver helped Eastman 6 days, cultivating corn. +21. Carver helped Eastman 24 days with team, cutting wheat. +25. Eastman helped Carver 3 days with team, cutting wheat. +28. Carver sold Eastman 2 hogs, the two weighing 435 lb., at 5c. + +July, 19--- +8. Carver helped Eastman 2 days with team, stacking wheat. +12. Eastman helped Carver 24 days with team, stacking wheat. +15. Eastman helped Carver 1 day, digging potatoes. + +August, 19--- +15. Carver helped Eastman 14 days, threshing wheat. +22. Eastman helped Carver 2 days, threshing wheat. +23. Eastman sold Carver a calf for $6. +26. The two neighbors each paid the balance in cash. After making the entry, foot and rule the account. + +30 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +EXERCISE 5 +PUPIL'S ACCOUNT WITH CHARLES BALDWIN + +October, 19--- +1. Sold him 10 lb. maple sugar at 15c. +2. Bought of him 3 bu. wheat at 80c. +5. Worked for him 3 days at $2. +8. Sold him 4 bu. apples at 20c. +10. Bought him 2 gal. syrup at 85c. +12. Sold him 2 bu. oats at 45c. +13. Sold him 8 chickens at 30c ; 2 calves at $6. +14. Bought 3 gal. syrup at 75c. +20. Sold him 2 lbs. oats at 65c. +21. Received of him, cash $5.00. +25. Bought 15 gal. molasses at 25c. +27. Bought of him 2 gal. syrup at 75c. +28. Sold him each for balance, $300. +29. Received of him for balance due. +29. Foot and rule the account. + +EXERCISE 6 +July, 19--- +PUPIL'S ACCOUNT WITH J. H. STEWART + +1. Sold him 10 bu. apples at 25c. +2. Bought of him 30 lb. sugar at 5c ; 5 cans tomatoes at 10c. +3. Sold him 6 doz. eggs at 15c. +5. Sold him 3 crates blackberries at 90c. +8. Sold him each for balance, $300. +18. Bought sundry items of merchandise per bill, $10. +19. Paid him cash on account, $3.10. +20. Sold him 2 doz. chickens at 20c each. +20. Bought of him each for balance, $300. +21. Bought 3 lb. tea at 75c ; 5 lb. coffee at 25c. +23. Sold him 5 bu. apples at 20c ; 10 bu. potatoes at 80c. +26. Bought of him 15 lb. sugar at 5c. +28. Bought sundry items of merchandise, $3.60. +29. Received of him cash, $17. +31. Determine the balance due, and balance the account. Which one owes the balance ? + +PERSONAL ACCOUNTS +31 + +EXERCISE 7 + +May, 19--- +23. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2.40. +25. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2.40. +27. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2.25. +30. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2.40. +30. Received of his cash, $25. + +June, 19--- +1. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2.25 ; 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 20 bunches radishes at 24c. +3. Delivered to him 3 crates strawberries at $2.20 ; 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 15 bunches radishes at 24c ; 10 bunches onions at 34c. +* - Bought of him 10 lbs. tea at 7c ; 2 lb. coffee at 30c. +6. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2.30 ; 20 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 25 bunches radishes at 24c ; 20 bunches onions at 24c ; 10 bunches asparagus at 4c. +6. Bought of him cash, $35. +8. Delivered to him 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 12 bunches radishes at 24c ; 20 bunches asparagus at 4c. +8. Allowed him credit for faulty strawberries delivered the 6th, $75c. +10. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $2 ; 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 10 bunches radishes at 24c ; 10 bunches onions at 24c ; 10 bunches asparagus at 4c. +10. Bought of him 1 lb. tea, $0e ; 2 lb. cheese at 20c ; 1 gal. kerosene, $0e. +13. Delivered to him 2 crates strawberries at $1.90 ; 20 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 25 bunches radishes at 24c ; 20 bunches onions at 24c ; 15 bunches asparagus at 4c. +13. Bought of him cash, $15. +16. Delivered to him 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 10 bunches onions at 24c ; 15 bunches asparagus at 4c. +20. Delivered to him 20 bunches radishes at 24c ; 20 bunches onions at 24c ; and asparagus at 4c. +20. Received of his cash, $5. +23. Delivered to him 15 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 10 bunches radishes at 24c ; 20 bunches asparagus at 4c. + +Puff's Account with W. S. Duff + +32 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +June, 10--- + +27. Delivered to him 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 15 bunches radishes at 24c ; 12 bunches onions at 24c ; 10 bunches asparagus at 4c. + +27. Received of him cash, $5. + +30. Delivered to him 10 lb. lettuce at 15c ; 8 bunches radishes at 24c ; 10 bunches onions at 24c. + +30. Balance the account. + +July, 19--- + +1. Bring down the balance. +4. Delivered to him 10 watermelons at 15c ; 8 lb. lettuce at 15c ; +10 bunches onions at 24c. +4. Received of him cash, $5. +7. Delivered to him 10 watermelons at 20c ; 1 bu. potatoes, 50c ; +2 dos. ears corn at 6 per dozen. +7. Bought of him 15 lb. sugar at 7c. +11. Delivered to him 15 watermelons at 15c ; 2 bu. potatoes at 50c ; +3 dos. ears corn at 6 per dozen ; 2 dos. cantaloupes at 35c per dozen. +14. Delivered to him 12 watermelons at 15c ; 20 cantaloupes at 3c ; +2 crates blackberries at $2.40 ; 2 dos. ears corn at 8c per dozen. +18. Delivered to him 3 bu. potatoes at 50c ; 10 qt. beans at 8c ; +4 dos. ears corn at 8c per dozen. +18. Bought of him 30 lb. sugar at 7c ; 2 lb. coffee at 30c ; 2 dos. +lemons at 20c. + +21. Delivered to him 30 cantaloupes at 3c ; 3 crates blackberries at +$3.40 ; 15 qt. beans at 8c. +21. Received of him cash, $20. +25. Delivered to him 10 watermelons at 12c ; 3 dos. ears corn at +8e per dozen ; 20 cantaloupes at 2c ; 2 crates blackberries at $2.25. +28. Delivered to him 1 crate blackberries, $2.25 ; 4 dos. ears corn +at .6 per dozen ; 30 cantaloupes at .24e ; 12 qt. beans at .8e. + +31. Balance the account. + +August, 19--- + +1. Bring down the balance. +1. Delivered to him 2 crates blackberries at $2.50 ; 15 watermelons +at .23e ; & bu. potatoes at .40c ; & doz. ears corn at .5e per dozen. +7. Bought of him I bu. tea, .6e ; & lb. cheese at .20c ; & dos. lemons, +25c. +5. Delivered to him 2 bu. peaches at $.12o ; & bu. tomatoes at +.&e ; & qt. beans at .8e. + +A page from a bookkeeping ledger. + +PERSONAL ACCOUNTS +33 + +August, 19... + +5. Received of him cash, $25. +8. Delivered to him 40 lb. tomatoes at 2c ; 20 qt. beans at 7¼c ; +2 bu. peaches at $1.25 ; 1 bu. apples, 90c. +15. Delivered to him 30 qt. beans at 7¼c ; 50 lb. tomatoes at 2c ; +1 bu. peaches, $1.20. +15. Bought of him 10 lb. sugar at 7c ; 1 gal. kerosene, 11c ; 2 dos. +fruit jars at $1.25. +22. Delivered to him 30 lb. tomatoes at 1¼c ; 3 lb. butter at 2½c ; +2 bu. apples at 6½c. +29. Delivered to him 25 lb. tomatoes at 1¼c ; 3 bu. apples at 70c ; +2 bu. potatoes at 50c ; 12 qt. beans at 8c. + +29. Received of him cash to balance account. +29. Foot and rule the account. + +SUGGESTION. Originate the items and write a few ac- +counts with persons. + +P + +CHAPTER III + +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS + +Property as here used includes everything of value, such as land, houses, crops, live-stock, produce, implements, machinery, and merchandise. These items do not have a fixed value. Hence they give rise to losses and profits. Property includes also those things that represent value, such as money checks, bank drafts, money orders, notes, stocks, and bonds. A part of these, as money, checks, bank drafts, money orders, and amounts under $500 were considered in Chapter II. These items as well as notes which will be considered in Chapter IV, have a fixed value. Thus we see there are two kinds of property: (1) That which may change in value; and (2) that which has a fixed value. In this chapter we shall consider those items of property that may change in value. Property accounts are accounts in which are kept the records of transactions with property. + +Losses and Profits. There are two methods of finding the loss or the profit on things bought and sold when a part remains unsold. One plan is to deduct the value of that unsold from the total cost. This leaves the cost of the part sold. Then the difference between this and the selling price gives the loss or the profit on the part sold. This method is sometimes used in making statements. It is illustrated by the example on the next page. + +34 + +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS 35 + +EXAMPLE + +Bought 40 bu. of wheat at 50 cents and sold 30 bu. at 60 cents. What is the profit on the amount sold? + +**ILLUSTRATION OF METHOD** + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Cost of 40 bu. wheat at 50c$20.00
Deduct cost of 10 bu. unsold at 50c5.00
Cost of 30 bu. sold15.00
Selling price of 30 bu. at 60c18.00
Profit on 30 bu. sold$ 3.00
+ +Of course, the profit in this simple case may be found by an easier method. But we are illustrating a satisfactory method for complicated cases. + +The same result may be found also by adding the cost value of that unsold to the amount sold and then taking the difference between this sum and the total cost. This is the method used in the account which we desire to find the loss or the profit. It is illustrated here, and further in the account with twenty head of hogs on the next page. + +**ILLUSTRATION OF SECOND METHOD** + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Selling price of 30 bu. wheat at 60c$18.00
Add cost of 10 bu. unsold at 50c5.00
Total cost of all bought at 50c23.00
Deduct cost of 40 bu. (total bought) at 50c20.00
Profit on 30 bu. sold$ 3.00
+ +**RULE FOR DEBITING AND CREDITING PROPERTY** + + + + + + + + + + +
Debitproperty when it costs value.
Creditproduces value.
+ +36 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +ILLUSTRATION OF PROPERTY ACCOUNT + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Account with Twenty Head of HogsDr. Cr.
July 8 Brought 20 head hogs750
11 Brought 50 bu. corn @ 3.41300
21 Made repairs on lot200
Aug. 13 Brought 20 bu. chopp @ 4.4800
20 Sold 3 hogs weighing 525 lb @ $1.821.00
23 Brought 20 bu. corn @ 3.4600
Sep. 8 Sold 3 hogs weighing 1490 lb @ $1.867.05
15 Sold 2 hogs weighing 96 lb @ $1.818.01
24 Sold one hog for homesteader395
25 Sold 4 hogs weighing 158 lb @ $1.8497.5
26 Brought 20 bu. corn from cellar @ .30 p7.50
27 Sold green corn (estimated)5.00
28 Baring four hogs5.00
29 Estimated value of two hogs unsold including their portion of feed (Red Ink)12.00
29 Befifon: $7 hogs sold (red ink)41.57
Sep.25 Estimated value of two hogs1637.77
+ +REMARK. If the account with the two hogs was to be continued, the estimated value would be brought below the rulings as illustrated. + +4 + +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS 37 + +**EXERCISE 1** + +ACCOUNT WITH A REFRESHMENT STAND + +Thomas had a refreshment stand on July 4, at which he sold peanuts, candy, pop-corn, and lemonade. Make a record of his expenses and sales in the form of an account, and determine his profit. + +Expenses: +1 lb. peanuts, $1.25. +Roasting peanuts, 25c. +8 lb. candy at 20c a pound. +16 boxes for candy, 20c. +1 pt. pop-corn, 30c. +1 cake maple sugar, 20c. +3 dos. lemons at 30c a dozen. +8 lb. sugar at 7c a pound. +Ice, 25c. + +Sales: +He sold all the peanuts at 5c a pint. +He put up the candy in 1-pound boxes and sold it all at 15c a box. +From the pop-corn and maple sugar he made 40 pop-corn balls and sold them at 2 balls for 5c. +With the lemons, sugar, and ice he made 70 glasses of lemonade and sold it at 5c a glass. + +**EXERCISE 2** + +ACCOUNT WITH A PRINTING PRESS + +Harry's father gave him a printing press and outfit and 75 cents for material. The paper house gave Harry the prices of plain material. He arranged these and the prices he would charge as follows: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MaterialCostFelling Price
Cards25 cents per 10010 cents per dozen
Envelopes15 cents per 10030 cents per 100
Printed bill-heads20 cents per 10040 cents per 100
Letter paper25 cents per 10040 cents per 100
+ +38 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +December, 19--- +26. Bought 200 cards and 100 envelopes. + +January, 19--- +2. Sold 5 dos. cards. +3. Sold 100 envelopes. +4. Bought 200 envelopes ; 200 bill-heads. +7. Sold 1 bill-head. +10. Sold 100 bill-heads. +12. Sold 2 dos. cards. +14. Sold 4 dos. cards. +17. Bought 5 sheets cardboard at 5c a sheet, from which were cut +9 dos. good cards. Sold these at 5c a dozen. (Make two entries.) +19. Sold 100 envelopes. +20. Bought 300 envelopes ; 200 sheets letter paper. +23. Sold 5 dos. cards. +24. Bought 5 dos. cards. +26. Sold 4 dos. cards ; 100 sheets letter paper ; 100 envelopes. +28. Sold 5 dos. cards. + +31. Determine the amount of material on hand and find its value +at the selling price, and careful not to include the cards sold from the +special purchase. Enter this in the account, using for explanation, +"Value of material on hand." Then determine the profit for the month, +and foot and rule the account. + +REMARK. If the record was to be continued, the " Value of +material on hand " would be entered below the rulings on +February 1. + +EXERCISE 3 + +March, 19--- +20. Bought seed, 70c. + +May, 19--- +10. Bought 1 pk. sweet potatoes, 50c. +18. Sold 7 dos. tomato plants at 15c a dozen. +20. Sold 5 dos. cabbage plants at 20c a dozen. +25. Sold 4 dos. tomato plants at 15c a dozen. + +ACCOUNT WITH HOTBED PLANTS + +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS 39 + +June, 19--- +3. Sold 6 doz. sweet potato plants at 25c a dozen. +12. Sold 8 doz. cabbage plants at 15c a dozen ; 3 doz. tomato plants at 124c a dozen ; 2 doz. lettuce plants at 10c a dozen. +15. Sold 5 doz. sweet potato plants at 20c a dozen ; 2 doz. cabbage plants at 15c a dozen. +16. Sold 2 doz. sweet potato plants at 20c a dozen ; 3 doz. tomato plants at 124c a dozen. +16. Determine profit, foot and rule the account. + +EXERCISE 4 + +ACCOUNT OF EXPERIMENT WITH LEAMING CORN + +Note. The data for this exercise and the next one were taken from a report of the Boys' Experiment Club, Winnebago County, Ill. + +May, 19--- +8. Hauling one load of manure, half hour, at 30c an hour. +10. Plowing, half hour, at 30c. +10. Dragging, half hour, at 30c. +16. Planting corn, 20 minutes, at 30c an hour. +23. Cultivating, half hour, at 30c. +31. Hoeing, 20 minutes, at 30c an hour. + +June, 19--- +16. Cultivating, half hour, at 30c. +20. Hoeing, 20 minutes, at 30c an hour. + +July, 19--- +10. Hoeing, 20 minutes, at 30c an hour. +20. Hoeing, 20 minutes, at 30c an hour. + +November, 19--- +18. Husking, 24 hours, at $e. +18. Value of corn, $3.75. +18. Find profit, foot and rule the account. + +40 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +EXERCISE 5 +ACCOUNT OF EXPERIMENT WITH LEAMING CORN +NOTE. The pupil may supply dates for the following items: +Applying fertilizer, 45 minutes, at 15c an hour. +Plowing, 30 minutes, at 15c an hour. +Harrowing, marking, and planting, 11 hours, at 20c an hour. +Hoeing, 1 hour, at 10c an hour; 40 minutes, at 10c an hour. +Cultivating, 1 hour, 15c. +Gathering and marketing, 1 hour 15 minutes, at 15c an hour. +Sold 143 lb. corn at 50c per cwt. +Find loss, foot and rule the account. + +EXERCISE 6 +March, 19--- +AN ACCOUNT WITH A FLOCK OF CHICKENS +1. Bought incubator and supplies, $10. +2. Bought 9 doz. eggs at 15c. +3. Put out eggs to hatch. (This is a memorandum entry and has no amount for the money column.) +27. 90 chickens hatched. +27. Bought meal for chickens, 50c. +April, 19--- +2. Bought coops for chickens, $2. +10. Bought meal for chickens, $1.20. +21. 12 chickens died. +May, 19--- +10. Sold 10 chickens at 30c each. +15. Bought corn, $1. +29. Sold 12 chickens at 30c. +June, 19--- +3. Sold 3 doz. chickens to grocer at 25c each. +5. Sold 12 chickens at 25c. +5. Bought corn, 50c. + +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS 41 + +June, 19--- +10. Sold 8 chickens at 30c. +10. Determine the profit, valuing the incubator and coops on hand at $8. Foot and rule the account. + +EXERCISE 7 + +ACCOUNT WITH AN ORCHARD FOR SEASON + +March, 19--- +1. Paid for pruning old orchard, 10 days at $1.50 per day. +4. Bought 50 peach trees at 90c. +20. Bought 100 apple trees at 25c. +30. Paid for 10 days' labor at $1.25. + +April, 19--- +5. Bought 30 plum trees at 20c. +5. Paid for 4 days' labor at $1.75. +8. Bought spraying ingredients, $3. +26. Paid for pruning young trees, $12.50. + +May, 19--- +30. Sold cuttings for grafts, 90c. + +June, 19--- +5. Sold 5 bu. apples at $1. +26. Sold 20 bu. apples at 75c. + +July, 19--- +20. Sold 7 bu. plums at 80c. +21. Sold 16 bu. apples at 80c. +24. Sold 10 bu. plums at 70c. + +August, 19--- +20. Paid for hauling, $7. +30. Sold 40 baskets of peaches at 25c. + +September, 19--- +1. Sold 5 bu. peaches at 80c. +8. Sold 12 bu. peaches at 90c. + +October, 19--- +19. Sold 30 bu. apples at 75c. +30. Sold 60 bu. apples at 90c. + +42 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +October, 19--- +30. Paid for hauling, $3. +30. Balance the account, causing it to show the net returns. + +If the proprietor spent ten days of his own time on the orchard during the season, and if he showed the total outlay, did he receive per day for his labor? Find his wages per day, if the cost of the new trees, together with $8 of the undesignated labor, is deducted from the expense. + +**EXERCISE 8** + +ACCOUNT WITH DAIRY COW "MAUDE" + +April, 19--- +1. Purchased cow and calf, $50. +2. Paid for shoring up etc., $2. +30. Cost of feed for month, $5. +30. Received during month for milk sold, $8. + +May, 19--- +15. Paid veterinarian for attending calf, $1.50. +31. Value of feed for month, $5. +31. Received during month for milk sold, $10. + +June, 19--- +20. Sold calf for $2. +30. Feed and pasture for month, $4. +30. Sold milk during month, $12. + +July, 19--- +31. Feed and pasture for month, $4. +31. Sold milk during month, $13. +31. Cost of care for four months, $10. +31. Valuing the cow at $45, determine the profit for four months, and balance the account. + +**EXERCISE 9** + +ACCOUNT WITH FIELD OF WHEAT - 40 ACRES (1916 Cose) + +August, 1915. +30. Ten days' plowing at $3. + +September, 1915. +4. Hauling and spreading manure, 4 days at $3. +8. Harrowing, 4 days at $3. + +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS 43 + +September, 1915. +20. Drilling, 3 days at $3. +20. 50 bu. seed at 90c. + +July, 1916. +1. Bought twine for binder, $9.50. +7. Paid for help, harvesting, $13.50. +8. Use of team and man, harvesting, 31 days at $3. +20. Paid for help, stacking, $13. +20. Use of team in stacking, $6. + +August, 1916. +25. Bought coal for threshing, $3. +28. Paid for threshing 960 bu. (machine measure) at 4c. +28. Paid for help, threshing, $12. + +September, 1916. +15. Sold 600 bu. at 95c. +15. Hauling to market, $7.50. + +October, 1916. +20. Sold 380 bu. at $1.65. +20. Hauling to market, $4.50. +20. Value of straw, $20. +20. Determine the profit, and balance the account. + +REMARK. If it is desired to obtain a closer estimate of the profit, other items should be considered; as, the rent of the land (or interest on its estimated value), use of tools, and cost of boarding help. + +QUESTIONS. +1. What is the profit per acre as shown by the account? +2. If the land is valued at $90 per acre, the profit is what per cent on the value of the land? +3. If the tax rate is $\frac{1}{4}$ % on the value of the land and the general upkeep costs 50 cents an acre, what is the per cent of profit on the value of the land after deducting these items? + +44 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +EXERCISE 10 +ACCOUNT WITH FIELD OF CORN — 35 ACRES + +October, 19— +23. Plowing with 4-horse gang, 84 days at $3.50. +April, 19— +20. Disking (4 horses), 9 days at $5.50. + +May, 19— +4. Harrowing (2 horses), 21 days at $3.50. +5. Planting with planter, 3 days at $3.50. +6. Sowing (2 horses), 7 days at $3.50. +14. Harrowing after planting, 34 days at $3.50. +30. Cultivating (first time), 6 days at $3.50. + +June, 19— +6. Cultivating (second time), 54 days at $3.50. +18. Cultivating (third time), 6 days at $3.50. + +July, 19— +5. Cultivating (fourth time), 54 days at $3.50. + +October, 19— +7. Picking seed corn, 6 days at $1.25. + +November, 19— +22. Husking (from standing stalks), 304 days at $3.50. +22. Manure charge, $50 ; use of tools, $20 ; taxes, $15 ; interest on value of land (or rent), $140. + +December, 19— +15. Sold 800 bu. at 5c. +31. Fed livestock, 500 bu. at 9c. +31. Value stalks at $25, and 900 bu. on hand at 50c. Determine profit, and balance the account. + +Find the following : income per acre ; cost per acre ; profit per acre ; +income per bushel ; cost per bushel ; profit per bushel ; yield per acre. + +Note.— The income per acre is found by dividing the total credits (or returns) by the number of acres ; the cost per acre is found by dividing the total debits (or expenses) by the number of acres ; the profit per acre is the difference between these two amounts. The corresponding results per bushel are found in a similar manner. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+
+
October, 19—23.Plowing with 4-horse gang, 84 days at $3.50.
April, 19—20.Disking (4 horses), 9 days at $5.50.
May, 19—4.Harrowing (2 horses), 21 days at $3.50.
5.Planting with planter, 3 days at $3.50.
6.Sowing (2 horses), 7 days at $3.50.
14.Harrowing after planting, 34 days at $3.50.
30.Cultivating (first time), 6 days at $3.50.
June, 19—6.Cultivating (second time), 54 days at $3.50.
18.Cultivating (third time), 6 days at $3.50.
July, 19—5.Cultivating (fourth time), 54 days at $3.50.
October, 19—7.Picking seed corn, 6 days at $1.25.
November, 19—22.Husking (from standing stalks), 304 days at $3.50.
22.Manure charge, $50 ; use of tools, $20 ; taxes, $15 ; interest on value of land (or rent), $140.
December, 19—15.Sold 800 bu. at 5c.
31.Fed livestock, 500 bu. at 9c.
31.Value stalks at $25, and 900 bu. on hand at 50c.Determine profit,and balance the account.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
Find the following :income per acre ; cost per acre ; profit per acre;income per bushel ; cost per bushel ; profit per bushel ; yield per acre.
Note.— The income per acre is found by dividing the total credits (or returns) by the number of acres ; the cost per acre is found by dividing the total debits (or expenses) by the number of acres ; the profit per acre is the difference between these two amounts. The corresponding results per bushel are found in a similar manner.

+ +PROPERTY ACCOUNTS 45 + +EXERCISE 11 + +ACCOUNT WITH AN ICE CREAM STAND + +June, 19--- +1. Cost of erecting stand, $3 ; cost of license, $1.50. +2. Bought dishes and spoons, $5. +3. Bought covering for counter, $1. +4. Bought 6 cases glass, $1.20. +8. Bought 10 gal. ice cream at $1.00 ; 1 doz. lemons, 30c ; 10 lb. sugar at 7c ; straws, 50c ; lemon shaker and squeezer, $1. +9. Received for one day's sales, $5. +10. Received for one day's sales, $4.50. +11. Bought 5 gal. cream at $1.00. +12. Received for day's sales, $7. +13. Received for day's sales, 80c. +15. Paid for ice for one week, $1.80. +18. Bought 10 gal. cream at $1.00. +19. Received for day's sales, $10. +20. Sold stand and supplies for $65. +21. Determine the loss or the profit, and balance the account. + +EXERCISE 12 + +August, 19--- +3. Cost of lumber for stand, $3 ; bunting for decorations, 50c ; license, $1.50 ; covering for counter, $1. +3. Bought tub for ice, 45c. +4. Bought 2 cases pop at 40c ; 5 lb. sugar at 6c. +4. Bought 6 glasses at 5c. +5. Bought 2 cases pop at 60c. +6. Received for one day's sales, $2.35. +7. Bought ice cream at $1.00. +7. Received for day's sales, $3. +8. Bought 2 cases pop at 60c. +8. Received for day's sales, $3.10. +10. Bought 3 cases pop at 60c. +10. Received for day's sales, $2.45. +11. Paid for ice for one week, 60c. +11. Bought 2 cases pop at 60c. + +Account with Soda Pop Stand + +46 +EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING + +August, 19--- +11. Received for day's sales, $2.30. +12. Bought sugar, $5. +12. Received for day's sales, $2.25. +12. Bought sugar and lemons, 65c. +13. Bought 1 case pop, 60c. +13. Received for day's sales, $1.15. +14. Received for day's sales, 25c. +15. Sold stand to Ralph Shaw for $10. +15. Determine the profit, and balance the account. + +EXERCISE 13 + +January, 19--- +1. Paid rent for one-half month, $10. +1. Paid for sign board, $5. +1. Bought tables, $21 ; chairs, $6. +1. Bought coffee, $2 ; beans, $5 ; sugar, $3 ; oysters, $5 ; milk, $1. +2. Bought coal, $3. +2. Bought ice cream at 60c. +2. Bought dishes and spoons, $5. +2. Receipts for the day's business, $5. +3. Receipts for day's business, $1.00. +4. Receipts for day's business, $7. +5. Paid for milk, $1. +6. Bought bread, $1 ; pies, $1. +6. Receipts for day's business, $2.20. +8. Receipts for day's business, $2. +9. Bought potatoes, $2 ; bread, $4. +9. Receipts for day's business, $4. +10. Receipts for day's business, $6. +11. Paid rent ; oysters, $2. +11. Receipts for day's business, $5. +12. Bought crackers, $2. +12. Receipts for day's business, $6.50. +13. Receipts for day's business, $4.75. +15. Receipts for day's business, $6.38. +15. Determine the profit, valuing the equipment and supplies on hand at $30, and balance the account. + +ACCOUNT WITH A CAFE + +**PROPERTY ACCOUNTS** +47 + +**EXERCISE 14** + +ACCOUNT WITH A BIRD HOME + +March, 19--- +1. Purchased 50 birds, $30 ; 3 sacks seed at $3. +2. Paid rent for March, $16 ; bought cage, $25. +8. Sold one canary at $1 ; 5 parrots at $5 ; 2 redbirds at $4. +15. Bought 3 lb. sulphur at 10c. +18. Bought 20 pigeons at 50c. +20. Paid water rent for 3 mos. to date, $3. +29. Paid for coal, $4. + +April, +1. Paid rent for month, $16. +2. Sold 16 quail at 65c. +3. Bought sack seed, $3. +8. Sold 2 canaries at $1.25 ; 4 blackbirds at $1 ; 6 mocking birds at $1 ; sold one canary, 5c. +10. Bought 12 assorted birds, nestlings, at 5c. +21. Sold 14 pigeons at $1.50. + +May, 19--- +1. Paid rent for May, $16. +2. Bought oak shingles, 20c. +8. Bought sulphur, 20c. +15. Paid for coal, $3. +24. Sold 6 pigeons at 15c. +31. Determine the profit, valuing birds and supplies remaining at $25, and balance the account. + +**EXERCISE 15** + +ACCOUNT WITH SHIP WORK + +May, 19--- +1. Bought 6 ft. cypress, 30c ; 9 ft. oak, 63c. +2. Bought oak dye, 25c. +4. Sold towel roller, 25c. +6. Sold taboret with mortise, $1. +5. Sold small cyprus sled, 20c. +10. Paid for two rumble seats on sleds, 50c. +10. Sold two oak sleds for bobbed, $2.50. +12. Bought screws, 15c ; nails, 25c. + +A page from a book showing a handwritten exercise related to property accounts and ship work. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
48EVERYDAY BOOKKEEPING
May, 19--.
15.Bought auger bit, 25c.
16.Bought rough oak, 12 ft. by 5 in., 20c.
17.Paid rent for one month, $10.
18.Sold office box, $3.
19.Sold tambour set with screws, 75c.
20.Bought nail set, 10c.
21.Sold tailor's work board, 35c.
22.Bought lumber, $1.
23.Sold oak foot stool, $1.25.
24.Determine the profit, and balance the account.
+ +**EXERCISE 16** + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
January, 19--.ACCOUNT WITH SEWING PARLOR
1.Paid for pattern, chalk, and paper, $1.
2.Received for making a suit, $10.
3.Paid for sewing material, $4.
4.Received for making an evening dress, $8.
5.Paid for making a silk waist, $3.
6.Paid for lining, padding, bastling, cotton, and silk, $6.
7.Received for making coat and waist, $25.
8.Paid for silk thread and lining, $5.
9.Paid for buttons and pleating material, $4.
10.Paid for making suit, $10.
11.Received for making an evening dress, $10.
12.Paid for help, $20.
13.Received for making skirt, $4.
14.Received for making suit and waist, $13.
15.Paid for making suit, $20,$30. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +$3. +
+ +**EXERCISE 17** + + +