+| 1904 |
+G.N.A.S. (Cotswolds) |
+Miss Leigh, |
+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
\nOf these thirteen grand scores, no fewer than six were made by Miss Leigh, and she is undoubtedly the finest archeress we have yet seen. The actual highest record is held by Mrs. Piera Leigh, who has shot 142 hits in one day, which exceeds the second place score. Miss Leigh is the only archer of either sex who has ever succeeded in shooting through the two days of a public meeting without dropping a single arrow. Mrs. Butt's perform- ances were far in advance one of the four best lady archers. The great excellence of several lady archers at the present day led to an interesting match in the grounds of the Royal
+
+UNIV. OF
+CALIFORNIA
+
+![]() A woman in a long dress with a fur hat is aiming a bow and arrow. She is standing outdoors, possibly in a park or field.
+
+Fig 100. Miss C Bowler, Championess, 1903
+
+NO VINO
+CALIFICADO
+
+ON SCORES
+433
+
+Toxophilite Society in 1892, between picked teams of ladies and gentlemen at 60 yards, six dozen arrows being shot.
+This match resulted in a somewhat easy victory for the gentle-
+men. In 1892, 1893, and 1894 a similar match was shot, but on each of these occasions the ladies shot four dozen arrows at 60 yards, and two dozens at 50 yards, while the gentlemen shot all their arrows at 60 yards. On these matches the ladies won in 1892, 1893, and 1894, the gentlemen in 1892. It would
+some allowance ought to be made to the ladies in the matter of distance, as, though the liability to lateral error is the same in each case, the average trajectory of the men's arrows at 60
+yards is undoubtedly lower than the average of the ladies at that range. The range of the women's arrows is somewhat longer. The ladies are fully capable of shooting six dozen
+arrows at their best level, and therefore the men get no ad-
+vantage in staying power by their superior physical strength.
+Taking all points into consideration, the terms of the matches in 1892 and 1893 may be considered about fair.
+
+NOTES TO THE TABLE OF WINNERS OF THE CHAMPIONSHIP
+See next page
+
+In 1884 a Single York Round was shot.
+In 1885 the ladies shot 66 arrows at 60 yards.
+In 1886 the ladies shot 70 arrows at 60 yards.
+In 1887 the ladies shot 74 arrows at 60 yards, and 75 at 50 yards.
+In 1889 the ladies shot 74 arrows at 60 yards, and 76 at 50 yards.
+On this occasion the Ladies' Club won the Double Round Round and the
+gentlemen the Double York Round.
+The following entries show the highest score at the National Meeting, but not the Championship on the points :-
+
+
+
+| Year |
+Name |
+Hits |
+Score |
+
+
+
+
+| 1884 |
+Mr. A. F. Moore |
+73 |
+747 |
+
+
+| 1885 |
+Mrs. P. L. Leach |
+75 |
+759 |
+
+
+| 1886 |
+Mrs. P. L. Leach |
+76 |
+760 |
+
+
+| 1887 |
+R. J. C. Perry Keene |
+77 |
+784 |
+
+
+| 1893 |
+ |
+106 |
+719 |
+
+
+
+
+* E R *
+
+4
+ARCHERY
+
+**List of Ladies and Gentlemen who have won the Championship from 1834 to 1894 and their Scores**
+
+
+
+
+ | Year |
+ Place |
+ Ladies |
+ Hon. |
+ Gentlemen |
+ Hon. |
+
+
+
+
+ | 1834 |
+ York |
+ No lines show this. |
+ |
+ Rev. J. Higginson |
+ 33 |
+ 205 |
+
+
+ | 1835 |
+ York |
+ Mrs. Thurlow |
+ 47 |
+ Mr. P. Mair |
+ 315 |
+ 337 |
+
+
+ | 1836 |
+ Derry |
+ Mrs. White |
+ 61 |
+ Mr. P. Mair |
+ 315 |
+ 337 |
+
+
+ | 1837 |
+ Derry |
+ Mrs. White |
+ 61 |
+ Mr. P. Mair |
+ 315 |
+ 337 |
+
+
+ | 1838 |
+ Belfast |
+ Mrs. Temple |
+ 55 |
+ Mr. H. A. Ford |
+ 295 |
+ 704 |
+
+
+ | 1839 |
+ Liamonton |
+ Mrs. Villiers |
+ 61 |
+ Mr. H. A. Ford |
+ 295 |
+ 704 |
+
+
+ | 1840 |
+ Liamonton |
+ Mrs. Villiers |
+ 61
<
|
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+425
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE RANGE AND PENETRATION OF THE ENGLISH LONG-BOW
+
+By C. J. Longman
+
+It is out of the question to lay down any fixed limit as being the furthest range to which it is possible to send an arrow from a bow. The reason is obvious—namely, that the distance reached depends entirely on the strength and skill of the archer.
+
+A bow can readily be constructed which would throw an arrow at an average man at a minute's notice, but it would not be enough to draw it. In fact, the powers of the bow have never been fully ascertained, because, however strong an archer may be, it has always been possible to construct a bow of far greater power than he could draw. Comparisons are often made between the results of the use of bows and those of firearms. Those who institute such comparisons should always bear in mind one essential point—namely, that a riflemen has but to aim his weapon correctly, and hold it steady, while an archer has also to supply the motive power which propels his missile. Every yard of the arrow's flight is directly the product of his strength and skill. The direction in which it flies depends on the accuracy of his aim, which he must take at the moment when he is already exerting himself to the utmost in drawing his bow.
+
+Many admirable tales have been told as to the distances to which archers in times past have shot their arrows. Some of these stories are obviously absurd, while others, which seem marvellous, can best be tested by inquiring into the distances
+
+426
+ARCHERY
+
+which modern archers are able to reach. Having arrived at this fact, it will not be unreasonable to assume that in times when the bow was the most dangerous weapon of war, and when a thousand men practised archery for every one who does so now, there would be a high probability that archers of exceptional strength and skill would have been sent to some island who could teach the archers of the present day. This inference seems still more reasonable when one reflects that, in the days when the bow was used for war, strength in shooting was of even more importance than accuracy, while the practice of modern archery is almost wholly devoted to the attainment of accuracy at moderate ranges.
+
+It is unnecessary here to cite any of the feats which have been attributed by the ballad-makers to Robin Hood and his band, or any similar legendary exploit ; but there is a passage in Shakespeare which bears so much on the subject that it is worth quoting. It is in the Second Part of *King Henry IV*.
+
+Shallow: Is old Double of your town living yet ?
+Silence. Dead, sir.
+Shallow: Jesus, Jesu, dead ! a' drew a good bow ; and dead !
+at a shot a fine shoot ; John a Gaunt loved him well, and spent much money on him ; and he shot at a mark at twelve score ; and carried you a forehand shaft a fourteen and fourteen and a half, that it would have done a man's heart good to see.
+
+From this passage we may take it that in Shakespeare's time to hit the clot at twelve score was considered a great feat, while to shoot a 'forehand shaft' fourteen or fourteen and a half score, that is 280 or 390 yards, was excellent flight-shooting. What a 'forehand shaft' is, is not precisely known, but the context seems to suggest that it was a light arrow for distance shooting—in fact, what we should nowadays call a 'flight' arrow. This passage shows how little there was of regular exactness to the practice of Ford and other modern archers.
+
+Of the various books on the subject which were published
+
+RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW 437
+
+at the time of the revival of archery at the end of the last century, the best by far is Roberts' 'English Bowman'.¹ Mr. Roberts is a careful writer, who does not indulge in the high-falutin' style in which some authors have treated this subject. He says (p. 102) that he is well satisfied that in modern times no man has shot a bow with greater range than two instances of bow-shoe by archers of his time, but he does not state that he has been present on either occasion. The first shot was made by Mr. James Rawson, of Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, who died about the year 1794, and is described by Roberts as being the best archer of his day. This gentleman told Mr. Waring, the well-known bowyer, that he once shot upon ground level at a mark standing at a distance of 600 yards. The force and direction of the wind are not mentioned.
+Mr. Rawson was a shoemaker by trade, who practised archery as an amusement from early youth. He was a man of middle size, but of unusual physical strength. He shot with aacked bow.
+The second instance occurred in the year 1828, when Mr. Troward, who like Roberts himself was a member of the Toxophilite Society, shot on a level piece of ground on Moulsey Hurst seventeen score, or 340 yards. The weather was very still, and Mr. Troward shot this distance repeatedly up and down wind in the presence of many members of the Toxophilite Society. Each time he shot to the greatest possible accuracy, the field having been previously staked out in scores and half-scores. Mr. Troward used a self-pull, pulling 63 lbs., and flight arrows 29 inches long, weighing about four shillings. Roberts says of this shot and Mr. Rawson's, that it is not believed that any other person has yet past these two instances of distant shooting have been surpassed. It will be noted that both of these gentlemen considerably exceeded the distance which Shakespeare considered worthy of remark.
+Mr. Horace Ford² says that in modern times it may be
+1
+¹ The English Bowman; or Treatise on Archery. By T. Roberts. London,
+2
+² Archery: its Theory and Practice. and edition, 1839.
+
+
+
+| RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW |
+437 |
+
+
+| at the time of the revival of archery at the end of the last century, the best by far is Roberts' 'English Bowman'.¹ Mr. Roberts is a careful writer, who does not indulge in the high-falutin' style in which some authors have treated this subject. He says (p. 102) that he is well satisfied that in modern times no man has shot a bow with greater range than two instances of bow-shoe by archers of his time, but he does not state that he has been present on either occasion. |
+ |
+
+
+| The first shot was made by Mr. James Rawson, of Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, who died about the year 1794, and is described by Roberts as being the best archer of his day. |
+ |
+
+
+| This gentleman told Mr. Waring, the well-known bowyer, that he once shot upon ground level at a mark standing at a distance of 600 yards. |
+ |
+
+
+| The force and direction of the wind are not mentioned. |
+ |
+
+
+| Mr. Rawson was a shoemaker by trade, who practised archery as an amusement from early youth. |
+ |
+
+
+| He was a man of middle size, but of unusual physical strength. |
+ |
+
+
+| He shot with aacked bow. |
+ |
+
+
+| The second instance occurred in the year 1828, when Mr. Troward, who like Roberts himself was a member of the Toxophilite Society, |
+ |
+
+
+| shot on a level piece of ground on Moulsey Hurst seventeen score, or 340 yards. |
+ |
+
+
+| The weather was very still, |
+ |
+
+
+| and Mr. Troward shot this distance repeatedly up and down wind in the presence of many members of the Toxophilite Society. |
+ |
+
+
+| Each time he shot to the greatest possible accuracy, |
+ |
+
+
+| the field having been previously staked out in scores and half-scores. |
+ |
+
+
+| Mr. Troward used a self-pull, |
+ |
+
+
+| pulling 63 lbs., and flight arrows 29 inches long, |
+ |
+
+
+| weighing about four shillings. |
+ |
+
+
+| Roberts says of this shot and Mr. Rawson's, |
+ |
+
+
+| that it is not believed that any other person has yet passed these two instances of distant shooting have been surpassed. |
+ |
+
+
+| It will be noted that both of these gentlemen considerably exceeded the distance which Shakespeare considered worthy of remark. |
+ |
+
+
+1 The English Bowman; or Treatise on Archery. By T. Roberts. London,
+2 Archery: its Theory and Practice. and edition, 1839.
+
+
+
+
+
+| RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW |
+
+437 |
+
+
+
+
+
+| at the time of the revival of archery at the end of the last century, the best by far is Roberts' 'English Bowman'.¹ Mr. Roberts is a careful writer, who does not indulge in the high-falutin' style in which some authors have treated this subject. He says (p. 102) that he is well satisfied that in modern times no man has shot a bow with greater range than two instances of bow-shoe by archers of his time, but he does not state that he has been present on either occasion.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| The first shot was made by Mr. James Rawson, of Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, who died about the year 1794, and is described by Roberts as being the best archer of his day.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| This gentleman told Mr. Waring, the well-known bowyer, that he once shot upon ground level at a mark standing at a distance of 600 yards.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| The force and direction of the wind are not mentioned.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| Mr. Rawson was a shoemaker by trade, who practised archery as an amusement from early youth.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| He was a man of middle size,
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| but of unusual physical strength.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| He shot with aacked bow.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| The second instance occurred in the year 1828,
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| when Mr. Troward, who like Roberts himself was a member of the Toxophilite Society,
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| shot on a level piece of ground on Moulsey Hurst seventeen score, or 340 yards.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| The weather was very still,
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+
+
+| and Mr. Troward shot this distance repeatedly up and down wind in the presence of many members of the Toxophilite Society.
+
+ | |
+
+
+
+428
+ARCHERY
+
+safely asserted that very few archers can cover a distance of 300 yards, and that to attain this range a bow of 6a or 6b lbs.
+must not only be drawn but thoroughly mastered. He notes that many men may be able to draw a bow beyond this weight, even up to 75 or 80 lbs, but he believes that they will not be able to shoot with any degree of accuracy at such weights, and they will get a longer flight with a bow well within their strength.
+It is undoubtedly a fact that what is known as a slashing loose is one of the great secrets of success in flight-shooting, and will beat a dead loose by very many yards. Any tendency to that pause on the loose which is so essential for accurate shooting is quite wanting in the majority of those who view it.
+Mr. Ford states that he himself had little experience in this kind of shooting, but in the autumn of 1856, in the presence of a brother archer, he succeeded upon several occasions in exceeding 300 yards. The longest shots he made were 308 yards, with a slight wind in his favour, and in a perfect calm for the whole time. The distance was carefully measured with tape. The bow used was a 68-lb. self-yew of Mr. Buchanan's, which was remarkable for quickness of cast, though he found it subsequently a good target bow. Mr. Ford also quotes the experience of Mr. Muir, the well-known Edinburgh archer and architect, who says that although he possessed no great strength he could shoot further with a bow of 58 or 62 lbs. than with one of greater power. Mr. Muir, however, never quite reached the 300 yards with a long bow, though on one occasion with a Turkish bow and a flight arrow he accomplished a measured distance of 368 yards. Mr. Ford sums the matter up by saying that although the distance of 300 yards is fairly attainable by many archers of the present day, and that several might even reach very considerably beyond it, but that to attain this skill in distant shooting a particular study of the art would be required.
+
+Like most archers of the present day, I have devoted but little time to attention to distance shooting; but I have on two or three occasions made experiments in this direction. Like
+
+RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW 499
+
+Mr. Muir, I have found myself unable to reach 300 yards with the English long-bow. The first occasion I refer to was in April 1884, when at Abbot's Hill, in Hertfordshire, I shot 286 yards. The air was still ; and the distance was measured carefully by Mr. J. E. Evans with a chronometer. A chain, weighing a 63-lb. weight, was by Aldred, which was lent me by Mr. C. E. Neisham, and some light flight arrows weighing three shillings and sixpence, which were given to me by the late Mr. Buchanan of Piccadilly.
+
+In September 1883 I again attempted dis-
+tance shooting with the long-bow, in Norfolk,
+in the presence of several friends. On this occa-
+sion also I used a self-yew bow by Aldred, kindly lent me by Mr. Neisham, weighing 6 lbs. Mr.
+Neisham's kindness was unfortunately ill rewarded,
+as almost all my shots failed to hit the mark, though
+not in flight shooting. This bow was 1 in. thicker
+stronger than the one I used in 1884, but it had
+a somewhat dull cast. On this occasion I only
+reached 269 yards. A strong wind was blowing
+across the line of flight, which probably did not affect the bow so much as it would have done
+were specially made to my measurements by
+Aldred. They are thirty inches long and weigh
+three shillings, and are strongly barrelled, the
+thickest part being just a quarter of an inch in
+diameter at the balancing-point in 12 ft., whereas
+the end of the stock is hollowed out, a deal
+with a long piece of boxwood at the head, the box
+reaching for a foot from the pile to the extremity
+of the splice. The pile is very diminutive, being
+less than a quarter of an inch long, and the feather is half-inch wide; these feathers are bent up a
+quarter long and set very far back (fig. 191)
+
+![]() Fig. 191 - Flight arrow
+I
+
+430 ARCHERY
+
+give these measurements because these are the best flight arrows I have ever had; and should any archer wish to try flight shooting, I should recommend him to try this pattern for any bow up to 65 lbs. I find that they flit very little, and, moreover, that they do not break when they reach the ground, unless they strike a stone or the trunk of a tree. It is difficult to get flight fight arrows which do not fail in one or both of these particulars.
+
+In conclusion, I agree in the main with Mr. Ford's opinion that 300 yards is about as far as an average man can expect to reach, though an archer of exceptional physique can cover another fifty or sixty yards. Probably a man of the herculean power of Sir Walter Raleigh would make a man who chose a surprising distance if he were to practice archery, though without such practice it is improbable that he would accomplish any noteworthy shot.
+
+The penetration of an arrow from a long-bow forms an interesting subject for inquiry, though it no longer has the importance which belonged to it in former days. The Welsh historian, Giraldus Cambrensis, who was born about 1147, tells some wonderful stories of the penetration attained by the Welsh archers in the wars of Henry II., tales which are quoted in most of the books on archery. Giraldus is, however, now regarded as an imaginary author, and even a credulous person, and perhaps too much weight has been given to his legends. They occur in his "Itinerarius Cambriae," wherein he relates that there was a tribe called Venta which excelled all the other Welsh tribes in the art of archery. As an example of the force with which they shot, he says: "At a siege of a town they aimed at a tower and broke its flying-towers for refuges, hoping to hit them in the back, and that their arrows struck a gate made of holm oak, almost of the thickness of a palm, and penetrated right through it; and that the heads of the arrows were preserved in memory of this remarkable shot."
+
+1 Sagittae arcis militantes portant turris illicam, palmaris fire spinitudinis transpermeantur.
+
+RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW 43*
+
+Another Welsh soldier, he says, shot an arrow at a horse-man, who wore mail on his legs and a leather garment underneath. The arrow struck him on the thigh, which it completely penetrated, through both sides of his mail, passed through the saddle and killed the horse. It must be admitted that it Giraudus tells the truth this Westman was shot with an arrow of the same kind as the salinaris ferre spissitudinis--we must suppose this to have represented some three inches of timber. It does not seem incredible that the Welshmen's arrows may have pierced this through; at any rate, if the charge of credulity is to be brought against Giraudus on this score, what are we to say of Lord Bacon, who, speaking of the English bowmen in the reign of Edward III., says "an arrow hath pierced a steel target, or a piece of brass two inches thick"? And, again, that 'an arrow without an iron point will penetrate to the depth even of eight inches into a piece of wood, when shot from a Turkish bow.'
+
+A passage in Bacon's *De Propria Natura* on this subject relating to the practice of archers in the reign of King Edward VI. which is of unimpeachable authority. It is contained in the *Journal* of King Edward's Reigns, written by the hand of the poor young king himself, the MS. of which is in the British Museum. The entry is as follows:
+
+May 14th (1530) There murdered before me an hundred archers belonging to the Guard; afterward shot together, and they shot at an inch Board, which some pierced quite, and stuck in the other Board; divers pierced it quite through with the Heads of their Arrows; the Boards being very well-sewn.
+
+The archers of King Edward's Guard did well enough, but they run easily second to Giraudus's Welshmen.
+
+The penetration of an arrow will depend mainly upon four things--namely, the shape of the head; the material of which it is made; the weight of the arrow; and the initial velocity with
+
+1 Nat. His. Est. 704, vol. ii. p. 594 of Bacon's works; ed. by Ellis and Spedding.
+
+![]() A historical illustration showing a scene where archers are shooting arrows at a target.
+
+432
+ARCHERY
+
+which it leaves the bow. The momentum of the arrow, which determines the force of the blow on the target, is the product of the mass of the projectile (which for practical purposes may here be considered the equivalent of its weight) and the initial velocity. The best penetration will be obtained by an arrow which has a large mass and a high velocity, so that the target will offer the least resistance, and made of a material which will not break up or give under the force of the blow.
+
+As I wished in the summer of 1863 to make some experiments with the object of discovering what penetration I could obtain with the bow and arrow, I had some arrows constructed which should fall through ordinary wood. These conditions were such that they would be heavier than ordinary wooden arrows, stronger, and with sharper piles. In regard to the piles I determined to try two shapes. First, an ordinary conical pile, but made of solid steel and tapering to a sharp point ; and secondly, a flat two-edged spear shaped pile, also of solid steel, and having a length of about twenty-eight inches (figs. 79 and 793).
+
+Unfortunately, I am unable to say which shape gives the best penetration, because my instructions were not accurately carried out by the makers in regard to the weights of the different piles. I got no conical piles of the largest size I ordered ; and consequently the piles which I used were of the piles of this shape and the spears which was not a fair opportunity. They were much heavier. I am inclined, however, to think that the spear-shaped arrows gave the best results after making allowance for the extra weight.
+
+The first experiment I made at once showed a weak spot in my arrows. I tried against an oak gatepost some nine or ten inches thick at a distance of ten yards with an arrow, twenty-eight inches long to the end of the pile, which was conical. The arrow, which weighed five shillings, was made in the usual way of deal with hardwood footing, and the pile was fixed with a long tang of steel into the centre of the footing. The bow I used was the same as that described in Art. 750, namely, a five string bow which I used for flight shooting. The arrow was quite unable
+
+RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW 433
+
+to resist the force of the blow, as it smashed off close to the pile, which remained buried for three-quarters of an inch in the gatepost. So tightly was the pile fixed to the gatepost that I was unable to draw it out, and only succeeded in doing so by cutting away the wood round it.
+
+The next shot that I tried was against a stout gate, at some six or seven yards distance, the panels of which consisted of oak, about four inches thick. This test corresponded pretty closely with that set to the archers of his guard by King Edward VI, and the result was exactly the same. I used the same bow and an arrow of the same make as in the former experiment. The arrow on this occasion, having a less formidable target than before, did not smash but penetrated the gate right through, the whole of the pile projecting on the other side. On this occasion also I extracted the arrow with the greatest difficulty by cutting away the wood with a knife. I regret that I did not try my heavy spear-shaped arrows against this gate, as I think they would have made an example of it. I was, however, deterred by the reflection that it was not my gate, and that I had already made one hole in
+
+![]() Fig. 103. Spear-shaped arrow.
+FF
+
+434
+ARCHERY
+
+it. This hole can, no doubt, be cured by a piece of putty
+skillfully inserted, but the spear-shaped arrows would have
+made a more formidable wound.
+
+The next experiment I made was at some of Pitts's field-
+gun trial penetration pads, supplied me by my gunmaker, Mr.
+J. Lancaster. These pads consist of forty sheets of
+stretched and tauted brown paper tightly bound together with wire clips. Mr. Lancaster informs me that with an ordinary
+shot-gun the result is considered exceptionally satisfactory if
+thirty-five sheets are penetrated. I tied eight pads tightly to
+the trunk of a tree, and tried this statement with a 14-bore
+central-fire gun by Lancaster, loaded with K.C. powder and
+14 oz. of shot (the charge being No. 6) at twenty yards. One shot broke the 2nd sheet; and a gradually increasing number broke the sheets on the 3rd down to the 2nd. The shots themselves were found mostly between the
+20th and 25th sheets.
+
+I also tried this same gun and charge at seven yards.
+At this distance two shots broke all forty-five sheets; four broke
+forty-one; seven broke thirty-nine; and twelve broke thirty-
+seven; the first shot found in, the part being between sheets
+37 and 39.
+
+Taking the bow, I shot a five-shilling arrow with sharpened
+conical point (the same pattern that I used against the
+gate) at the puds at seven yards. The arrow penetrated two
+entire puds and fourteen sheets of the third pad. This seemed
+to me a remarkable penetration to be achieved with so light
+an arrow as five shillings or one ounce. It was, however, very
+poor compared with the hardened and sharpened spear-
+shaped arrows. These arrows are made of deal and hard wood
+footing, and are twenty-eight inches long to the beginning of
+the head, which is $2\frac{1}{2}$ inches long, without reckoning the tang
+inserted in the footing, the total length being $33\frac{1}{2}$ inches.
+They weigh about three ounces each, or very nearly $\frac{1}{4}$ oz.
+They seem sufficiently formidable when fired from a full
+short in length of the cloth-yard shafts which our ancestors
+
+RANGE AND PENETRATION OF LONG-BOW 435
+
+are reputed to have habitually drawn to the head. At seven yards this arrow went clean through four entire pads, and pene-
+trated fifteen sheets of the fifth pad.
+
+It is, therefore, obvious that a sharp arrow shot from a strong bow at short range will inflict an infinitely deeper wound than a charge of shot. I imagine that the further the distance the greater the advantage of the arrow would be, as it would penetrate more deeply into the flesh of the
+wad, and possesses some amount of cohesion, so that its momentum is considerably greater than that of the individual pellets. Moreover, at distances of 100 yards and upwards the arrow is still sufficiently dangerous, while a charge of shot is nearly spent.
+
+I also had some cartridges loaded with spherical leaden bullets, weighing $\frac{1}{4}$ oz. and $\frac{1}{2}$ drs. of black powder. At twenty yards the bullet, when fired from the same Lancaster gun, penetrated four entire pads and injured about half of the fifth pad, the bullet itself being found much smashed and dis-
+torted by the resistance of the material. At thirty yards the result obtained with the arrow at seven yards, so that it appears that a leaden bullet of $\frac{1}{4}$ oz. with $\frac{1}{2}$ drs. of black powder behind it is rather more dangerous than a sharp arrow weighing $1\frac{1}{4}$ oz. from a 6-ft. bow. At ten yards the bullet penetrated five complete pads and injured the sixth, the remains of the head being found in one of them. I have extended my experiments considerably; but unfortunately, as I have said, the bow broke, and I had nothing left but target bows, which were not strong enough for this purpose. I hope,
+however, to find time to resume this inquiry at some future date; and I trust that some other archers will assuage them-
+selves by experiments both in distance shooting and in pene-
+tration.
+
+r r 2
+
+436
+ARCHERY
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+ON ARCHERY PRIZES AND HANDICAPPING
+By C. J. LONGMAN
+
+It has generally been found to be the case that, in pastimes which take the form of contests between individuals, some prize or decoration has been in request to be bestowed upon the winner as the tangible emblem of his victory over his fellow-athletes. In games which are contested by teams united for a common purpose this feature has been less marked, and the games of cricket and football have this advantage over other athletic contests. The prize is not necessarily connected with selfishness. But it certainly is the fact that in an athletic contest between individuals a prize in some form is generally expected. Where the rewards are purely honorary, or of little intrinsic value, it does not appear that any objection can be raised to their being given. It is only when the term 'valuable' pieces of plate or objects of art, which have considerable value at the silversmith's - and still more where prizes are given in actual cash - that practice is to be regretted. In some sports the rewards to be gained are so valuable that they tend to overshadow in the minds of some competitors the feeling of friendly rivalry which is so necessary to the success of such competi-
+tions are held. The mere fact that the word 'pothunter' is in use, and that its meaning is well known to all who take an interest in athletics, is sufficient proof that this feeling is not purely imaginative, but that it has some basis in fact. The existence of such prizes - perhaps unavoidable, but nevertheless some may regret it.
+
+![]() A black and white illustration of a scene from a cricket match.
+
+ON ARCHERY PRIZES AND HANDICAPPING 437
+
+In archery, money prizes are given at the public meetings, small sweepstakes are frequently shot for by the various clubs, and prizes are often offered for competition by generous individuals—sometimes in money, but more often in the form of cups, or of bows or arrows. Although the amount of money to be won in a season may even be thought excessive, very modest prizes are enough to encourage the archer who thinks that it was not possible to win any. They have a feeling that the bulls stick up outside the ground where a public meeting is to take place announcing 'Grand Archery Fête' so much money to be given away in prizes', &c., does not add much to their own self-respect, and, further, they are sensible of a jarring note when, at the end of a competition, the victor is presented with a cup and some souvenirs for having beaten their friends at a friendly contest. Where the prize fund is provided wholly by a sweepstakes subscribed by the competitors themselves, little perhaps need be said, except that the entrance money should not be fixed so high as to force all but the most enthusiastic archers out. It is much fun to be got out of a shilling or half-a-crown sweep as out of a guinea one. The matter is somewhat different when outsiders who are not archers—some of whom do not pretend to take any interest in archery—are asked to contribute to the fund from which the prizes are provided. It is no doubt a considerable advantage to have such people present at a public archery meeting which brings upwards of a hundred archers as visitors to the place for several days. But the fact that we confer a pecuniary benefit on the citizens, or some of them, by our presence, does not justify our asking the tradespeople, hotel-keepers, and so forth, to contribute towards our prize funds. The so-called 'local guarantee' happily does not assume such proportions nowadays as was formerly the case, but it is much to be hoped that it will shortly disappear entirely. If we cannot keep our money prizes at their present level without falling back on this most objectionable resource, let us lower them, or even do without them altogether.
+
+In some degree archery may be said to have suffered
+
+438
+ARCHERY
+
+from a plethora of prizes. Meetings of small country clubs have been known at which, if there were not actually sufficient prizes to provide one for each competitor, at any rate a considerable majority received some reward for such skill as they were able to display. And it cannot be alleged that at our public meetings the number of competitors who receive no prize is so great as to induce them to attend meetings by the likelihood of their winning one of these numerous prizes. This may be the case, but some may think that the motive is not a good one for attendance; and it must be remembered that, if the prize list were reduced to two or three, the number receiving prizes would also be lowered. Surely the right way to render the meetings accessible to all archers, rich and poor, is to cut down expenses as much as possible: not to tempt them with the prospect of competing for money prizes. It will be seen from Mr. Mason's report on the subject why that money prizes have been abolished in the United States.
+
+Moreover, the fact that archers whose skill is obviously moderate do frequently win prizes, even at public meetings, tends to lower the estimation in which the sport is held by outside observers. One form of prize in particular confers no honour upon the archer who wins it, but rather exacts a fee frequently given for the best gold. It is true that this prize is more likely to fall to an archer who hits the gold frequently than to one who hits it seldom, but the actual position of the arrow in the gold is a fluke; a shot that strikes the panhole being not perceptibly better than one which misses it by an inch. Although this kind of prize is best avoided and other mild forms of gambling, is productive of some small amusement and excitement, yet this prize should not on that account occupy a prominent position in any meeting which professes to aim at the encouragement and display of skill at archery.
+
+Competitions are often arranged according to handicaps, principles, the first being a match where all start on an equality, the prize going to the absolute best shot, and the other being a handicap. Several forms of handicapping are in vogue, the principles
+
+ON ARCHERY PRIZES AND HANDICAPPING 439
+
+adopted being either merely to penalise competitors for past successes, or else to make a more elaborate attempt to bring together archers of different powers. The old-fashioned system was to penalise an archer by the loss of the white ring when he won the first prize. If he repeated his success, he would lose the blue ring, and so on. But this system, though this he again succeeded he would lose the blue. After a certain interval, during which he failed to win, the forfeited rings would be restored to him one by one. This system was rough and ready, and has now been abandoned, except in very primitive country clubs. The method which has taken its place is that of penalising the archer who has committed any offence of the archer who is to be penalised, from five per cent. upwards, according to the enormity of his offence. At those public meetings where percentages are deducted, twenty-five per cent. is the limit, that being the amount lost by the archer who makes the highest score at the previous meeting of the Grand National Archery Society.
+
+In some clubs, however—the West Berks, for example—there is no limit to the amount a man may lose if he persists in winning, and cases have been known of archers who have piled up penalties to the extent of sixty per cent.
+
+If penalties are not used, or if they do not do the percentage system is the best, but a better method is available where a pure handicap is desired. This is to take the average of a certain fixed number of the previous scores of each archer. The competitor who has the highest average is said to lead the handicap, and he has the privilege of giving to each of his fellow competitors points equal to half his own average minus their averages. The same principle is applied throughout; thus, if there are four competitors, A, B, C, and D, whose averages are as follows:
+
+
+
+ | A | B | C | D |
+
+
+ | 400 | 350 | 300 | 350 |
+
+
+
+A will give B 50, C 100, and D 150. On the other hand, B will receive 50 from A, and give 50 to C, and 100 to D, and
+
+440
+ARCHERY
+
+so on with each individual. If it was certain that the average represented each man's form accurately, this would be an ideal system of handicapping. At archery, however, men are liable to great fluctuations, and consequently the average of a man's last three rounds, especially if they were shot some little time before the season began, may be very different from his figure far above or far below the score which he can reasonably expect to make on that day. If an archer is put at a figure far below what he actually makes, he will spoil the handicap by winning with a score which is quite out of the reach of the scratch men.
+For example, if a really good archer makes three bad scores averaging 350, and then makes one recovery in his form and makes a score of 500, he will set the scratch man a task which is practically impossible. If the latter's average is 470, he will have to give the former 270; this added to his score of 300, gives no less than 770 as the figure which the scratch man must shoot to win. This is by no means impossible, and in order to avoid such difficulties the Royal Toxophylite Society have recently adopted a system invented by Colonel Lewin which has proved a considerable improvement on the old method. At the end of the season a Committee examines the performances of each member during the past year, and tabulates them according to their rating for the ensuing season. In any handicap at the beginning of the season, this permanent rating would be his handicap figure.
+As the season progresses this rating is modified by more recent form, the last three rounds previous to a handicap being taken, and the average of these is added to the permanent rating and divided by two. Thus if an archer whose permanent rating was 350 but his last three rounds averaged 450, his handicap value would be $350 + \frac{450}{2} = 400$. This is, on the whole, the best system of handicapping which has been devised. Some clubs adopt the system of dividing their members into classes according to the scores they make, class competing for a prize. If an archer improves or falls off in his season's shooting,
+
+ON ARCHERY PRIZES AND HANDICAPPING 44
+
+he is promoted or degraded to the class above or below. This plan has some merits, as it excites a keenness among the archers to win promotion or to maintain their position among those who have arrived at the first class. It is not strictly a handicap, and there is nothing to prevent a regular handicap being shot for in a club which is divided into classes, the classes being disregarded for the occasion.
+
+The following table gives by what prizes are determined which are competed for on level terms. The usual way is to award the first prize to the archer who makes the highest score, but certain competitions--amongst them the Championship of Great Britain--are decided by points. In these competitions the ten points on the York Round, single or double, are apportioned as follows:
+
+
+
+ | points for most hits on the round |
+ highest score on the round |
+
+
+ | 2 |
+ 1 point for most hits at 100 yards |
+
+
+ | 1 |
+ highest score at 100 yards |
+
+
+ | 1 |
+ highest score at 80 yards |
+
+
+ | 1 |
+ highest score at 80 yards |
+
+
+ | 1 |
+ most hits at 60 yards |
+
+
+ | 1 |
+ highest score at 60 yards |
+
+
+
+For the National Round, shot by ladies, eight points are allowed--two for most hits and two for highest score, and one point for hits and one for score at 60 and 50 yards respectively. The system of points has been adopted mainly for two reasons: (i) because it rather increases the value of hits ; and (ii) because it is supposed to favour all-round shooting at the various distances. It may be doubted whether this is so, but it is an open question whether it is desirable to increase the value of hits as against score.. This is a matter which cannot be decided by a mathematical demonstration ; but it is the general feeling among archers that the present values set upon the five rings are satisfactory. Unless the contrary can be shown to be the case, there would seem to be no advantage in
+
+443
+ARCHERY
+
+deciding a contest by points rather than score, because points accentuate the value of hits. There remains the second ground—namely, that points favour a man who is good at all ranges as against a man who is excellent at one range but indifferent at the others. This argument is somewhat true, but it is only so far as it applies to the highest total by means of an extraordinary score at one range, while he has comparatively failed at the others, can at any rate claim that he has excelled his antagonists at that range to a greater degree than they have excelled him at the other ranges.
+More often than not, however, the highest score also obtains at most of points, so that the advantage of each system are satisfied. Occasionally, however, it is otherwise ; and, owing to an instance of a very anomalous character which occurred recently in the contest for the championship, the whole matter is undergoing the consideration of the Committee of the Grand National Archery Society at the present moment.
+
+The question of the value attached to the different rings has an interest apart from its bearing on the controversy of 'points versus score.' It is the feeling of some archers that hits in the centre of the target are highly paid ; and the view is not uncommon that an archer may rely on hitting the middle of the target, at any rate at 100 yards ; and that consequently a gold is a fluke which ought not to count nine while a white only counts one and a black three. That this feeling is a common one is shown by the frequent appeals for sympathy with those who are unsuccessful according to archers who have obtained a low average per hit. Such sym-
+pathy may readily be expressed—not on the ground on which it is claimed that the archer is an unfortunate one, but on the
+
+1 The Society decided at its meeting in August 1894 that 'the champion prizes shall be awarded to the archer gaining the greatest number of points, provided that those for gross hits or gross score are included ; any points won by other archers shall be deducted from those gaining such points for gross hits or gross score.'
+
+![]() A diagram showing different ranges and scores.
+
+ON ARCHERY PRIZES AND HANDICAPPING 443
+
+true ground that he has been shooting badly. It is, however, never necessary and seldom advisable at such a moment to state the reason on which your sympathy rests. In fact, the inaccuracy is not inherent in the bow, but in the archer. An examination of a number of scores shows that the more arrows an archer shoots, the higher his average score per hit. Further, it will show that the shorter the distance the higher will be the average per hit, and that the average per hit of a fine shot at one range will equal the average of a bad shot at the next shorter range. Indeed, it is not too much to say that if an archer were to give the total score made by him at each distance, it would be impossible to tell him within a small limit the number of his hits he had; and, on the contrary, if he were to tell you the average value of his hits at each distance and on the whole round, it would be possible to calculate approximately his average score.
+
+On May 7, 1854, a York Round was shot in the grounds of the Royal Arsenal, London, with all the gentlemen completing the round. In those days scores did not run high, and this occasion was no exception to the rule, the highest score being 225 and the lowest 110. It would be safe to predict that on this occasion no one attained to an average value of four per hit, and that two only approached it. The highest average was 377, and the lowest was 345, which was secured by the archer who made the lowest score.
+
+From an examination of twenty-four Double York Rounds in which the scores ranged between 500 and 600, taken at random from the reports of scores made at public meetings published in the 'Archers' Register', the following averages are arrived at:
+
+
+
+
+ |
+per hit |
+per hit |
+
+
+
+
+| At 100 yards |
+391 |
+At 60 yards |
+471 |
+
+
+| At 80 yards |
+421 |
+On the whole round |
+423 |
+
+
+
+
+On an examination of seven Double and seventeen Single York Rounds (thirty-one York Rounds in all), exceeding 400
+
+444
+ARCHERY
+
+on the Single and 800 on the Double Round, the following average per hit comes out :-
+per hit
+At 100 yards . 4'70 At 60 yards . 5'04
+At 80 yards . 4'63 On the whole round . 4'51
+
+This shows a considerably better average on each distance and on the whole round than the case previously quoted of Double Rounds between 225 and 310. The average of the Double Rounds between 500 and 800 showed a much higher average than that of the Single Rounds between 225 and 310.
+
+An examination of twenty-four Single Rounds made by each of those two fine archers, Major Fisher and Mr. C. E. Nesbath, confirms this result. In Major Fisher's twenty-four rounds his average was 66 hits at 800 score, and Mr. Nesbath's averaged 99 hits at 437 score. The details are as follows :-
+MAJOR FISHER
+per hit
+At 100 yards . 4'63 At 60 yards . 5'22
+At 80 yards . 4'60 On the whole round . 4'39
+
+Mr. C. E. NESBATH
+per hit
+At 100 yards . 4'07 At 60 yards . 5'28
+At 80 yards . 4'22 On the whole round . 4'21
+
+In Mr. Ford's famous score of 137 hits at 800 score, his average per hit works out at the amazing value of 1.9.
+While it is impossible to say that the values of \(1, \frac{5}{7}, \frac{5}{7}, \frac{5}{7}\) for the five colours are mathematically correct, these figures certainly prove that the better a man shoots the higher in the long run will his average per hit be ; and this fact certainly provides a strong basis for the assertion of the contention that the values at present attached to the colours are a satisfactory measure of the value of hits.\(^1\)
+
+\(^1\) See "Hits and Score," by C. J. Longman, in the Archer's Register for 1886.
+
+
+
+
+ |
+per hit |
+per hit |
+
+
+
+
+| At 100 yards |
+4'70 |
+5'04 |
+
+
+| At 60 yards |
+4'63 |
+4'51 |
+
+
+| At 80 yards |
+4'60 |
+4'39 |
+
+
+| At 100 yards |
+4'07 |
+5'28 |
+
+
+| At 60 yards |
+4'22 |
+4'21 |
+
+
+
+
+445
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES
+
+By M. L. W. MAXSON.
+
+Some years ago the writer attended a meeting of the Washing-
+ton Anthropological Society to hear a series of papers upon
+the subject 'Poison Sticks and Arrows of the American Indians.'
+Listening to these and the ensuing discussion, he was interested
+in the manner in which tribal relations and race types were
+traced in the primitive weapons of the savage, their progress
+toward civilization being gauged by the nature of their feathered
+shields and other implements. He had no doubt that the makers
+of these ingeniously contrived weapons, but from the higher
+type of the British bowman, the American archer has drawn his
+inspiration and skill. With him it is an important pastime, and
+his practice differs little from that which is seen on any English
+range.
+
+At the date of the revival of British archery, in the latter
+portion of the last century, the United States had but recently
+begun its independent national existence, and the conquest
+and settlement of new territory engrossed the minds of its citizens. They were thus uninfluenced by the new growth of
+the sport, and until 1830 it was not till the second quarter of the present century that modern archery left its first
+trace on the rural sports of America.
+
+As the population grew more dense, and the pleasures of
+field and forest were denied to the urban resident, that love of
+outdoor sport, so characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race, forced
+himself upon America, and with it came a new phase of physical
+culture. Waring's little treatise on Archery and the pleasant
+
+446
+
+ARCHERY
+
+takes of those who had shot abroad supplied the hint, and soon archery had become a popular sport in several sections of the land. Many clubs were started, and a lively interest was aroused ; but in a few years, with one exception, these clubs passed away. This was the United Bowmen of Phila-
+delphia. Beginning, in the fall of 1828, with an equipment that would have done honour to a museum, they formed an association which has lasted to this day. Among its members many who have since become prominent in public affairs and private business. Who can say how much of the success of after years they owed to the clear head and steady nerve gained on the verandarange?
+
+Archery's records were not easily obtained ; but before the beginning of the second season they had, as Franklin Peale, one of their original members, states, an outfit of the best quality, which consisted of a lemonwood bow, and spare strings, a dozen arrows contained in a quiver, a belt, pouch, green box, and tasseled a spread pair of targets, and finally, Waring's "Wristlet," a device for holding the bow as long as a woodcock's of heavy charges, no inconsiderable item of which was Uncle Sam's thirty-three and a third per cent. duties. Weekly meetings for practice and public target meetings were held, while generous prizes were provided to tempt the lagging bowmen. The club was well supported by subscribed dollars, which purchased the Championship trophy, to be shot for every year by the members. This is now deposited with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. The names of all the club members are carved upon it, and the medals of the victors of the past hang pendant from the brim.
+The old saying is true that "the first man who shot back the first epoch of American archery ; for, in 1859, the secretary closed his record with the words, 'No grounds ; no meeting.' It did its duty well, and gave to American bibliography its first archery treatise." The Archers' Manual—a revision of Waring, published in 1830 at Philadelphia.
+
+During the next two decades no trace is found of any im-
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 447
+
+portant clubs or public meetings. Here and there a lover of the greenswood still drew the how, and a few enthusiasts, like Maurice and Will H. Thompson, used the weapon in hunting. In 1877 and 1878 a series of articles, written by the former, appeared in the leading American magazines. The very air of the field breathed through these, and ere they had been collected and published under the title of "The Witchery of Archery," the sport had been fastened upon the land, and throughout the northern section of the country bow clubs were springing into existence.
+Apt teachers were found in the few who had shot alone or had followed the sport in the mother-country, but the "Theory and Practice of Archery" by Ford was not long in gaining popularity. It has impressed his individuality upon the mass of American archers and his system, or slight modifications thereof, has been all but universally adopted.
+
+Pursuant to a call issued by the officers of the Chicago Archery Association for a convention of archery clubs to consider the question of organising a national Association, representatives of eight societies met at Crawfordsville, Indiana, on January 23, 1879. A constitution and rules were adopted, the Hon. Maurice Thompson was elected president, and the first National Archery Meeting set for Chicago in the month of August 1879. Prior to this meeting many additional clubs had been formed, and on the third day of the three days' contest was held, in which twenty ladies and sixty-nine gentlemen participated. Interest chiefly centred in the individual and team championship matches. The Championship was won by Will H. Thompson, establishing the first American record for the Double York Round ---.
+
+
+
+ |
+ 100 yards |
+ 50 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ | Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+
+
+ | 70 236 |
+ 63 233 |
+ 39 155 |
+ 172 624 |
+ |
+
+
+
+448
+ARCHERY
+
+Owing to the recent introduction of the pastime into public favour, it was necessary to create new rounds at shorter distances than those commonly shot in England. The American Round, consisting of thirty arrows each at 60, 70, and 40 yards, was selected for the team contest between the various associations, and the first match was played for Championship honours at the Columbia Round, consisting of twenty-four arrows each at 50, 40, and 30 yards. Mrs. S. Brown, of Hastings, Michigan, won, scoring at the Double Columbia Round.
+
+
+
+
+ |
+30 yards |
+40 yards |
+50 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+| His Score |
+His Score |
+His Score |
+His Score |
+His Score |
+
+
+| 88 |
+130 |
+60 |
+130 |
+45 |
+284 |
+130 |
+284 |
+
+
+
+
+Many special matches were shot at and other early association meetings ; but these, in a few years, gave place to established rounds.
+
+In 1881, at Brooklyn, the National Round, consisting of forty-eight arrows at 60 yards and twenty-four arrows at 50 yards, was adopted by the National Association. In this contest, the Columbia Round retained for the Short Range Championship. In 1883 the American Round was adopted for the Short Range Championship for gentlemen ; and in 1887 the Potomac Round, consisting of twenty-four arrows each at 80, 70, and 60 yards, was introduced as a mean between the long and short rounds. In 1886 the Ohio Round, consisting of ninety-six arrows at 60 yards, was adopted as the team round for gentlemen.
+
+At first, membership in the National Association was restricted to clubs, but this proving disastrous to both the Association and the pastime is general; in 1887 a new constitution was adopted, practically admitting all who were shooting upon individual basis. Money as well as special prizes were contested
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 449
+
+for at the first, but at all subsequent National Meetings money prizes have been barred. The Association possesses handsome gold challenge medals not only for the Round Championships, but also for each of the distances shot.
+
+The second National Meeting was shot at Buffalo, July 13 to 15, 1881. The Ladies' Championship was generally contested. Mr. L. L. Peddinghough won the Championship by a broad score. The records of National Meetings hereinafter given are above 500 for the Double York and Columbia Rounds, and 350 for the National Round. Those for this meeting were :-
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 100 yards |
+ 80 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ |
+ Him Score |
+ Him Score |
+ Him Score |
+ Him Score |
+
+
+ | L. L. Peddinghough |
+ 55 |
+ 221 |
+ 87 |
+ 41 |
+ 214 |
+ 756 |
+
+
+ | Will H. Thompson |
+ 55 |
+ 221 |
+ 87 |
+ 41 |
+ 214 |
+ 756 |
+
+
+ | Walter Burham |
+ 36 |
+ 206 |
+ 84 |
+ 36 |
+ 214 |
+ 756 |
+
+
+ | F. Waltham |
+ 35 |
+ 213 |
+ 89 |
+ 36 |
+ 217 |
+ 756 |
+
+
+
+The Ladies' Championship was won by Mrs. T. Davis on double Columbia.
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 30 yards |
+ 40 yards |
+ 30 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ |
+ Him Score |
+ Him Score |
+ Him Score |
+ Him Score |
+
+
+ | Mrs. T. Davis |
+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+450
+
+**ARCHERY**
+
+The York Round was the centre of interest. During the first day victory rested between three comparatively new archers, Mr. Sidway scoring 91-405, Mr. Walworth 94-366, and Colonel Williams 87-377. Mr. Walworth won the Champion ship with 5 points, having lost 1 point to Mr. Sidway by a rebound at 100 yards. It was in this contest that Colonel Williams first came to the front :
+
+
+
+
+| Name |
+100 yards |
+80 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+| Frank Walworth |
+67 |
+46 |
+49 |
+173 |
+
+
+| R. William Jut. |
+68 |
+46 |
+49 |
+163 |
+
+
+| F. Sidway |
+68 |
+49 |
+49 |
+166 |
+
+
+| V.W. Thompson |
+33 |
+24 |
+29 |
+86 |
+
+
+| Aldon Gray |
+33 |
+24 |
+29 |
+86 |
+
+
+| E. L. Morse. |
+36 |
+22 |
+183 |
+181 |
+
+
+| Total : |
+
+
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+ | Name: | 100 yards: | 80 yards: | 60 yards: | Total: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total :
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+
+
+Name:
+
+
+",
+ ...
+```
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 451
+
+
+
+
+| Name |
+60 yards |
+80 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+ |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+
+
+
+
+| D. A. Nash - |
+38 210 |
+65 277 |
+44 226 |
+169 733 |
+
+
+| H. B. Taylor - |
+38 210 |
+65 277 |
+44 226 |
+169 733 |
+
+
+| R. Williams, jun. |
+49 275 |
+55 243 |
+44 226 |
+148 698 |
+
+
+| M. H. Williams - |
+49 275 |
+55 243 |
+44 226 |
+148 698 |
+
+
+| W. H. Thompson - |
+49 275 |
+55 243 |
+44 226 |
+148 698 |
+
+
+| F. F. Foster - |
+49 275 |
+55 243 |
+44 226 |
+148 698 |
+
+
+| C. S. Upson - |
+40 140 |
+54 124 |
+41 103 |
+135 397 |
+
+
+| Mrs. A. H. Gibbs again won the Championship medal, securing the entire 8 points at the Double National Round ---. |
+
+
+| Name |
+60 yards |
+80 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+ | Hits Score | Hits Score | Hits Score | Hits Score |
+
+Mrs. A. H. Gibbs -
Mrs. E. Merwin -
Mrs. C. R. Wild
Mrs. H. C. Carver -
|
+
+The fifth National Meeting was held at Cincinnati, July 10 to 12, 1883, twenty-seven ladies and forty-two gentlemen competing. This was one of the best meetings ever held in America, all National records being advanced. Colonel Williams won the Championship with 9 points, the point for this at 60 yards being divided between Messrs. Taylor and Nash ---.
+
+
+| Name | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (80 yards) | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (Total) |
|---|
| B. Williams, jun. | 36 300 | 79 371 | 44 295 | 199 999 |
|---|
H. B. Taylor -
W. A. Clark
D. A. Nash -
C. S. Upson
M. C. Howell -
|
|---|
+
+![]() A black and white photograph of a group of people standing on a grassy field, with a large crowd of people in the background.
+
+
+| Name | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (80 yards) | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (Total) |
|---|
| B. Williams, jun. | 36 300 | 79 371 | 44 295 | 199 999 |
|---|
H. B. Taylor -
W. A. Clark
D. A. Nash -
C. S. Upson
M. C. Howell -
|
|---|
+
+![]() A black and white photograph of a group of people standing on a grassy field, with a large crowd of people in the background.
+
+
+| Name | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (80 yards) | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (Total) |
|---|
| B. Williams, jun. | 36 300 | 79 371 | 44 295 | 199 999 |
|---|
H. B. Taylor -
W. A. Clark
D. A. Nash -
C. S. Upson
M. C. Howell -
|
|---|
+
+![]() A black and white photograph of a group of people standing on a grassy field, with a large crowd of people in the background.
+
+
+| Name | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (80 yards) | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (Total) |
|---|
| B. Williams, jun. | 36 300 | 79 371 | 44 295 | 199 999 |
|---|
+
+![]() A black and white photograph of a group of people standing on a grassy field, with a large crowd of people in the background.
+
+
+| Name | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (80 yards) | Hits Score (60 yards) | Hits Score (Total) |
|---|
+
+![]() A black and white photograph of a group of people standing on a grassy field, with a large crowd of people in the background.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+453
+ARCHERY
+
+Mrs. M. C. Howell won the Ladies' Championship, with 6 of the 8 points from the best field that ever graced the National range, Mrs. S. A. Whitfield having won the points for hits and score at 60 yards.
+
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 60 yards |
+ 50 yards |
+ 40 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+
+
+ | Mrs. M. C. Howell |
+ 81 |
+ 471 |
+ 37 |
+ 977 |
+ 320 |
+ 690 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. S. A. Whitfield |
+ 88 |
+ 475 |
+ 35 |
+ 167 |
+ 142 |
+ 644 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. T. George |
+ 79 |
+ 428 |
+ 34 |
+ 156 |
+ 128 |
+ 526 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. H. M. Hays |
+ 79 |
+ 348 |
+ 29 |
+ 198 |
+ 128 |
+ 526 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. J. Arthur |
+ 79 |
+ 348 |
+ 29 |
+ 198 |
+ 128 |
+ 526 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. L. Newman |
+ 47 |
+ 295 |
+ 37 |
+ 184 |
+ 84 |
+ 360 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. C. R. Wild |
+ 39 |
+ 250 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+ | Mrs. L. Mead |
+ 46196 | 53
139 | 79
315 | | | |
+| The National Meeting of '1884 was held at Pullman, Illinois, near Chicago, July 8 to 10. |
|---|
| Owing to a misunderstanding as to the date, the attendance was greatly reduced. |
|---|
| Twenty-five entries from various parts of the Country arrived alone without knowing whither to start for the place of meeting. |
|---|
| Only one lady and fifteen gentlemen competed. |
|---|
| Will H. Thompson again became champion, having won a of the ten points, including gross score. |
|---|
| Mr. Williams won the points for hits and score at one hundred yards and gross hits, and Mr. Beach received those for hits and score at fifty yards. |
|---|
| Name: | 60 yards: | 50 yards: | 40 yards: | Total: |
|---|
| Hits Score: | Hits Score: | Hits Score: | Hits Score: | Hits Score: | Hits Score: | Hits Score: | Hits Score: |
|---|
Will H. Thompson
R. Williams Jr.
C. C. Bush
H. S. Taylor* | 63
45
196
41 | 837
68
907
1000*
*1080* | 314
35
907
1080* | 43
39
43
39* | 409
43
43
39* | 274
160
168
181* | 760
156
156
181* |
|---|
|
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
+
+Mrs George S Hall walked over for the Ladies' Champion-ship with--
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 453
+
+
+
+ | 60 yards |
+ 70 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ | Hits |
+ Score |
+ Hits |
+ Score |
+ Hits |
+ Score |
+
+
+ | 60 |
+ 204 |
+ 49 |
+ 212 |
+ 88 |
+ 416 |
+
+
+
+Eaton, Ohio, was selected as the place for the next National Meeting, and July 9 to 18, eighteen ladies and twenty-two gentlemen shot. At this meeting Colonel Williams made the National record at the Double York Round, winning the Championship with the entire 10 points.
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 60 yards |
+ 80 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ 80 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ |
+
+
+ | R. Williams, jun. |
+ 51 337 |
+ 6 y/o |
+ 46 298 |
+ 815 |
+ 991 |
+
+
+ | C. C. Bunch, |
+ 46 179 |
+ 75 247 |
+ 44 164 |
+ 953 |
+ 733 |
+
+
+ | J. W. H. Diers, |
+ 39 175 |
+ 53 233 |
+ 38 176 |
+ 143 |
+ 507 |
+
+
+ | Will H. Thompson, |
+ 39 198 |
+ 53 233 |
+ 38 176 |
+ 143 |
+ 507 |
+
+
+ | M. A. H. Smith, |
+ 39 194 |
+ 54 202 |
+ 40 202 |
+ 196 |
+ 698 |
+
+
+ | C. S. Upon, |
+ 40 198
<
|
+
+Mrs. M. C. Howell won the National Championship with five of the eight points, Miss Pollock winning one point for hits at 60 yards and two points for greatest total score.
+
+
+
+| Name |
+Hits Scored (60 yards) |
+Hits Scored (80 yards) |
+Total Hits Scored (60 yards) |
+Total Hits Scored (80 yards) |
+Total Hits Scored (Total)
+ |
+
+
+Mrs. M. C. Howell
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. Arthur
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. Shewman
Mrs. J. E. |
+
+The interest in archery had now centered in the Ohio Valley, and few clubs remained on the Atlantic slope. These were
+
+434
+ARCHERY
+
+grouped into an Eastern Association, which held annual meet-
+ings, whose members did not attend those of the National
+Association. With a view to securing the presence of these bowmen, Chautauqua, New York, was selected as the place for the next National Meeting, which was held August 17 to 19, 1886.
+The following bowmen competed in this contest: W. A. Clark, and eleven gentlemen who entered the contests but two were from east of the Ohio. W. A. Clark won the Championship with 8 of the 10 points, Mr. Sidway having won those for hits and score at 100 yards:
+
+
+
+
+| Name |
+100 yards |
+50 yards |
+6 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+ |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+
+
+| W. A. Clark - |
+43 195 |
+298 |
+43 295 |
+218 298 |
+
+
+| F. B. Hayley - |
+59 198 |
+198 |
+37 145 |
+233 198 |
+
+
+| C. C. Bush - |
+67 247 |
+247 |
+47 190 |
+297 247 |
+
+
+
+
+Mr. Clark at this meeting established the National Short Range record at the Double American Round:
+
+
+
+
+ |
+60 yards |
+30 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+ |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+
+
+| S. |
+313 60 |
+688 60 |
+366 179 |
+1067 60 |
+
+
+Mrs. M. C. Howell again won the National Championship, with 7½ of the 8 points, having divided the point for hits at 50 yards with Mrs. Phillips:
+
+
+
+
+| Name |
+60 yards |
+30 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+ | Hits Score | Hits Score | Hits Score | Hits Score |
+| Mrs. M. C. Howell - | 84 386 | 44 238 | 246 386 | 662 386 |
+| Mrs. A. M. Phillips - | 75 344 | 44 218 | 199 344 | 359 344 |
+
+![]() A table showing scores for a shooting competition.
+
+
+
+
+Name
Mrs. M. C. Howell -
Mrs. A. M. Phillips -
| Hits
Score
84
386
75
344
| Hits
Score
44
238
44
218
| Hits
Score
246
386
199
344
| Hits
Score
662
386
359
344
|
+
+Total
|
+Hits Score Total
|
+Hits Score Total
|
+
+
+
+
+Name
Mrs. M. C. Howell -
Mrs. A. M. Phillips -
| Hits
Score
84
386
75
344
| Hits
Score
44
238
44
218
| Hits
Score
246
386
199
344
| Hits
Score
662
386
359
344
|
+
+Total
|
+Hits Score Total
|
+Hits Score Total
|
+
+
+
+
+Name
Mrs. M. C. Howell -
Mrs. A. M. Phillips -
| Hits
Score
84
386
75
344
| Hits
Score
44
238
44
218
| Hits
Score
246
386
199
344
| Hits
Score
662
386
359
344
|
+
+Total
|
+Hits Score Total
|
+Hits Score Total
|
+
+
+
+
+Name
Mrs. M.C.Howell
Mrs.A.M.Phillips
| Hits
Score
84
386
75
344
| Hits
Score
44
238
44
218
| Hits
Score
246
386
199
344
| Hits
Score
662
386
359
344
|
+Total
|
|---|
Hits Score Total
|
|---|
Hits Score Total
|
|---|
+
+
+
+
+Name
Mrs.M.C.Howell
Mrs.A.M.Phillips
| Hits
Score
84
386
75
344
| Hits
Score
44
238
44
218
| Hits
Score
246
386
199
344
| Hits
Score
662
386
359
344
|
+Total
|
|---|
Hits Score Total
|
|---|
Hits Score Total
|
|---|
+
+
+
+
+| Name < br / > Mrs.M.C.Howell -< br / > Mrs.A.M.Phillips -< br /> | Hits Score-< br / >84-< br / >386-< br / >75-< br / >344- | Hits Score-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >-< br / >- |
+
+
+Name
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+456
+
+**ARCHERY**
+
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 100 yards |
+ 80 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ |
+ Hits |
+ Score |
+ Hits |
+ Score |
+ Hits |
+ Score |
+ Hits |
+ Score |
+ |
+
+
+
+
+ L. W. Maxson
Will H. Thompson
W. W. McLean, jun. |
+ 63 |
+ 205 |
+ 63 |
+ 205 |
+ 45 |
+ 185 |
+ 45 |
+ 185 |
+ 731 |
+ 729 |
+
+
+ H. M. Powell
J. B. Beckmann
F. S. Scott |
+ 49 |
+ 183 |
+ 49 |
+ 183 |
+ 49 |
+ 183 |
+ 49 |
+ 183 |
+ 973 |
+ 973 |
+
+
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+
+ | Mrs. A. M. Phillips won the National Championship with 5 of the 8 points, Mrs. Howell having won 3 points on hits at 50 yards and total hits : |
|---|
| Name | 60 yards | 40 yards | Total |
|---|
| Hits | Score | Hits | Score | Hits | Score | Hits | Score | |
|---|
Mrs. A. M. Phillips
Mrs. M. C. Howell
Mrs. L. W. Maxson
Mrs. T. S. Shewan
F. S. Scott
C. C. Beach - | 82
64
64
59
45
53 | 294
268
268
197
147
187 | 68
68
68
59
45
45 | 218
218
218
197
147
147 | 68
68
68
59
45
45 | 218
218
218
197
147
147 | | | |
+
+The numerous special matches of this meeting diminished to such an extent the number of competitors at the York and National stands, that at all ensuing meetings all contests have been thrown open to the entire membership.
+
+So well pleased were the archers with Dayton that the next National Meeting was held there August 27 to 29, 1889, twenty-four ladies and twenty-seven gentlemen shooting. Mr. Maxson won the Championship with $\frac{7}{2}$ of the 10 points, Mr. Scott having 1 point for four shots and Mr. Shawn 1 point for score and $\frac{3}{4}$ point for hits at 60 yards.
+
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 100 yards |
+ 80 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ Total Score |
+
+
+ |
+ Hits Scored (H) |
+ Hits Scored (S) |
+
(H) + (S)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+| Name: | Hits Score: Total:
+Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits <span style="font-weight:bold;">Score:<span style="font-weight:bold;">Total:>
+ | Name: Hits & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total :
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+
+
+Name : L.W.Maxson, J.T.Shawan, F.S.Scott, C.C.Beach -
Hits :
Scores :
Total : |
+
+A man in a bow and arrow stance, aiming at a target with concentric circles. The target is mounted on a wooden stand. The man is wearing a dark jacket, pants, and a hat. In the background, there are trees and a grassy area.
+
+Fot 394. Mr. L. W. MASON, COUNCIL ANNUAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR 1890, NO. 11, 12 AND 13.
+
+CALIFORNIA
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 457
+
+Mrs. A. M. Phillips again won the Championship with 6 of the 8 points at the Double National Round, Mrs. Kern having 1 point for hits and Mrs. Howell 1 point for score at 50 yards.
+
+
+
+
+| Name |
+60 yards |
+50 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+ |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+
+
+| Mrs. A. M. Phillips |
+89 417 |
+42 230 |
+43 193 |
+
+
+| Mrs. M. C. Howell |
+83 376 |
+44 228 |
+45 193 |
+
+
+| Mrs. K. L. Hensley |
+79 366 |
+46 238 |
+47 193 |
+
+
+| Mrs. J. P. Newman |
+53 227 |
+40 184 |
+41 93 |
+
+
+
+
+During recent years the pastime had died out west of the Mississippi, but representatives of all sections of the East had attended the Dayton Meetings, 1890 bad fair to increase the general interest in archery, and it was decided to hold a joint meeting at the home of Mr. Otho W. Smith, near Norwood, near Cincinnati, Ohio, August 19 to 22. During the days immediately preceding, and at intervals during the meeting, a heavy rain fell, so that only enthusiasts attended. Fifteen ladies and twenty-three gentlemen shot ; Mr. Masson won the Championship with 6 of the 10 points, Mr. Knoblauch averaging 4 with hits at 100 yards, his at 60 yards, and gross hits :
+
+
+
+
+| Name |
+100 yards |
+80 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+ |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+
+
+| L. W. Masson |
+68 358 |
+59 231 |
+45 193 |
+166 718 |
+
+
+| C. B. Knoblauch |
+73 377 |
+65 252 |
+50 228 |
+292 777 |
+
+
+| T. T. Shewan. |
+43 277 |
+49 249 |
+44 198 |
+134 384 |
+
+
+| F. Soott. |
+30 186 |
+35 145 |
+33 183 |
+182 611 |
+
+
+
+
+Mrs. M. C. Howell won the Championship with 7 points, Mrs. A. Kern having 1 point for score at 50 yards.
+
+438
+ARCHERY
+
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 60 yards |
+ 50 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+
+
+ | Mrs. M. C. Howell |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+
+
+ | Mrs. A. K. Scott |
+ 79 353 |
+ 46 206 |
+ 125 579 |
+
+
+ | The thirteenth meeting of the National Association was held at Natural Bridge, Virginia, August 28 to 30, 1891. The meeting was to have begun August 27, but a heavy mountain storm caused its postponement. Nothing could have been prettier, in the way of scenery than the view of the mountains were shot. Nothing could have been worse from the archer's standpoint, the best spot available being on the side of Mount Jefferson, with a fall of from 5 to 8 yards in the 100. The Champion's medal was won by Mr. Maxson with the entire 10 points.
+ |
+
+ | Name |
+ 100 yards |
+ 50 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ L. W. Maxson
T. F. Scott |
+ Hits Score
Hits Score
Hits Score
Hits Score |
+ Hits Score
Hits Score
Hits Score
Hits Score |
+ Hits Score
Hits Score
Hits Score
Hits Score |
+
+
+ L. W. Maxson
T. F. Scott |
+ 53 197
52 166 |
+ 66 304
54 230 |
+ 44 218
39 188 |
+ 163 759
141 345 |
+
+
+
+
+Mrs. M. C. Howell again won the National Championship with the entire 8 points.
+
+
+
+
+ | 60 yards |
+ 50 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+
+
+ | Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+
+
+ | 19 891 |
+ 43 243 |
+ 124 464 |
+
+
+
+
+Twelve ladies and sixteen gentlemen shot.
+
+The fourteenth National Meeting occurred at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, August 24 to 26, 1892, five ladies and
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 459
+
+eighteen gentlemen competing. The Championship was won by Mr. Masson with 81 points, Mr. Howell having won $\frac{3}{4}$ point each for hits and score at 60 yards, and Mr. Anderson having won $\frac{3}{4}$ point for score at the same distance:
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ to yards |
+ 8 yards |
+ 6 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ | L. W. Masson |
+ 38 |
+ 216 |
+ 72 |
+ 49 |
+ 106 |
+ 794 |
+
+
+ | M. M. Masson |
+ 38 |
+ 216 |
+ 72 |
+ 49 |
+ 106 |
+ 794 |
+
+
+ | M. C. Howell |
+ 49 |
+ 164 |
+ 54 |
+ 39 |
+ 102 |
+ 338 |
+
+
+ | F. E. Burt |
+ 49 |
+ 164 |
+ 54 |
+ 39 |
+ 102 |
+ 338 |
+
+
+ | J. B. Bockemuehlein |
+ 40 |
+ 128 |
+ 53 |
+ 39 |
+ 100 |
+ 315 |
+
+
+ | Mrs. Howell won the National Championship with the entire 8 points: |
+
+
+ | Name |
+ to yards |
+ 8 yards |
+ 6 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+ | Mrs. M. C. Howell |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+ | Miss M. L. Williams |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+
+An International Meeting was contemplated for 1893, in connection with the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, but owing to the inability of the local archers to give the matter the necessary attention, it was deemed advisable to hold the National Meeting at Dayton, Ohio, there being few other counter-attractions. Dayton, Ohio, was selected by the executive committee. There, from August 30 to September 1, gathered one of the finest fields of archers that ever shot in America. Nearly all the veteran bowmen who remained true to the pastime contested, and a degree of enthusiasm was displayed that promises well for archery in the coming seasons.
+
+The Championship Medal was won by Mr. Masson for the
+
+460
+
+ARCHERY
+
+fifth time in succession with 91 points, Mr. Howell having divided the point for hits at 60 yards :
+
+
+
+
+ | Name |
+ 100 yards |
+ 80 yards |
+ 60 yards |
+ Total |
+
+
+
+
+ |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+ Hits Score |
+
+
+ | L. W. Mason |
+ 50 |
+ 841 |
+ 60 |
+ 300 |
+ 45 |
+ 833 |
+ 66 |
+ 734 |
+
+
+ | W. A. Clark |
+ 45 |
+ 149 |
+ 48 |
+ 800 |
+ 47 |
+ 134 |
+ 384 |
+
+
+ | M. C. Clark |
+ 45 |
+ 149 |
+ 48 |
+ 800 |
+ 47 |
+ 134 |
+ 384 |
+
+
+ | H. W. Thompson |
+ 45 |
+ 153 |
+ 48 |
+ 800 |
+ 47 |
+ 134 |
+ 384 |
+
+
+ | F. Kocherlakota |
+ 45 |
+ 175 |
+ 51 |
+ 199 |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 461
+
+**Potomac Round**
+
+| Date | Name | 80 yards | 90 yards | 60 yards | Total |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| | | Hits Score | Hits Score | Hits Score | Hits Score |
+| 1880 | G. C. Darlington | 11 69 106 384 184 | 75 96 |
+| 1880 | M. C. Howell | 20 20 14 48 430 | 48 48 |
+| 1881 | Mrs. M. Martin | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1881 | ... | 12 53 127 97 114 | 58 94 |
+| 1893 | ... | 55 57 199 82 111 | 55 99 |
+
+* The Double Round was shot in 1880.
+* Tied by Mr. Howell. The tie was shot with six arrows at each distance, Mr. Mason winning by three points.
+
+**Double Columna Round**
+
+| Date | Name | 80 yards | 90 yards | 60 yards | Total |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| | Mrs. Brown | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1880 | Mrs. M. Davis | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1880 | Mrs. M. C. Howell | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1885 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1893 | Mrs. A. M. Phillips | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1893 | Mrs. M. C. Howell | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1893 | Mrs. M. C. Howell | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+| 1893 | Mrs. M. C. Howell | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+
+The greatest distances covered by flight shots at the Grand National Meetings are 300 yards by Mr. Mason at Natural Bridge, in 1861; 284 yards by Mr. Strong, at Dayton, in 1863; and 224 yards by Mr. Kerr, at Dayton, in 1869, and also by Miss E. C. Cooke at Natural Bridge, in 1867.
+
+The records for team contests, teams of four, are held by the Highland Archers of Wyoming, Ohio -- Gentlemen, 1855, 96 arrows at six yards, 36 hits to the score.
+Ladies, 1853, 96 arrows at ten yards, and their total score.
+
+![]() A table showing the Potomac Round results.
+
+
+
+| Date |
+Name |
+80 yards |
+90 yards |
+60 yards |
+Total |
+
+
+
+
+ |
+ |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+Hits Score |
+
+
+| 1880 |
+G. C. Darlington |
+11
69
106
384
184 |
+75
96 |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+| 1880 |
+M. C. Howell |
+20
20
14
48
430 |
+48
48 |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+| 1881 |
+Mrs. M. Martin |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+| 1881 |
+ |
+12
53
127
97
114 |
+58
94 |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+| 1893 |
+ |
+55
57
199
82
111 |
+55
99 |
+ |
+ |
+
+
+![]() A table showing the Double Columna Round results.
+
+
+
+| Date | Name | 80 yards | 90 yards | 60 yards | Total |
|---|
+
+
+ | Mrs. Brown | | | | |
+| 1880 | Mrs. M. Davis | | | | |
+| 1880 | Mrs. M.C.Howell | | | | |
+| 1885 | | | | | |
+| 1893 | Mrs.A.M.Phillips | | | | |
+| 1893 | Mrs.M.C.Howell | | | | |
+| 1893 | Mrs.M.C.Howell | | < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > < td > 463
+ARCHERY
+
+Concurrent with the birth of the National, a number of smaller associations were formed in the several sections of the United States. Of these the leading were the Eastern, before referred to ; the Western, embracing the clubs in the Missis-
+sippi Valley ; the Pacific, composed of the archers in Cali-
+fornia, Arizona, and Oregon; and finally, in 1870, the Southern
+became consolidated with the Ohio Association, which now
+includes the bowmen from that and all neighbouring States.
+Its meetings have been better attended than those of any
+other minor association, and it has produced the majority
+of the really expert archers of the United States. The Eastern
+Association flourished for several seasons, but now possesses few active members out of the vicinity of Wash-
+ington, D.C.
+
+The public meetings of the various archery societies show
+the same spirit of bustle that marks private practice. At both,
+round is crowded upon round till the programme includes more
+than double what would be necessary for ordinary English
+meetings. This is due in part to the long distances that must
+be travelled, and the outlay of time and expense, which are so
+great that the competitors have grown to care more for the
+pleasure of much shooting than for a less number of shafts
+more efficiently aimed at. The success of the meetings has
+generally been excellent, and in all the three matches up to the
+matches of the National Association 639 arrows have usually
+been shot. To do this, many of the customs of the English
+range are set aside. The targets are generally set at but one
+end of the field. These arrows are shot at an end but two
+sets of them at each shot before they are changed. Thus the targets
+to draw their shafts. Shooting begins at 9 A.M. and, each day
+closes after sunset. Business meetings occupy the evenings,
+and, as is the case with most American amusements, pastime
+and pleasure are forced till they become all but labour. This
+system is doubtless well calculated to keep alive the spirit has been developed which calls for the curtailment of the number of contests, giving more opportunity for social intercourse on
+
+ARCHERY IN THE UNITED STATES 403
+
+the range and better scoring at the targets. At the National Meeting for 1863 this feeling took practical form, and one of the Championship Rounds was dropped, an inter-sex match being substituted therefor. The necessity for hurry has prevented that study of each other's style of shooting which is so necessary to advance progress of the sport. Few of the leading archers are able to score better now than they did several years ago.
+
+The difficulty of attending public meetings, other than local, has, even when the pastime has been generally in vogue, limited the attendance, and the number of spectators who thus offered for practice shooting has caused the American archer to fall greatly below his practice average when he has contested at the National Meetings. Colonel Robert Williams was one of the few who could maintain a high average in public, and his scores at the National Meeting in 1875, at the Double National Meeting in 1883, and 115—195 at the National Meeting in 1885, are still the American records. The national record for the Double American Round, made by Mr. Clark at Chautauqua in 1886, has been passed in two of the minor associations, and in the Ohio State meeting for 1883 Colonel Williams scored 177—122 at Dayton, Ohio, and at the Double Economic Valley Meeting on June 6, 1888, Mr. Maxson scored 177—193. Mrs. A. M. Phillips, of Battle Creek, Michigan, holds the National records for the Double National Round, 131—713 shot at Dayton, Ohio, in 1889, and Double Columbia Round, 142—660 shot at Washington in 1887. Mrs. A. H. Horton has been for many years an American archer with a perfect record for his at any round at a national meeting. At Norwood, Ohio, 1890, her score was, at the Double Columbia, 144—666.
+
+It is instructive as well as interesting to contrast these records with those of meetings with the highest well-author-
+ated
+practiced scores. At the Double York Round, Colonel Williams is easily first, having shot the Double Round August 9 and 10, 1885, as follows :—
+
+
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+| Double York Round |
|---|
+
+1st | First | First | First | First |
+2nd | Second | Second | Second | Second |
+3rd | Third | Third | Third | Third |
+4th | Fourth | Fourth | Fourth | Fourth |
+5th | Fifth | Fifth | Fifth | Fifth |
+6th | Sixtith | Sixtith | Sixtith | Sixtith |
+7th | Seventh | Seventh | Seventh | Seventh |
+8th | Eighth | Eighth | Eighth | Eighth |
+9st
+| Ninth |
+
+ |
+
+10st
+| Tenth |
+
+ |
+
+11st
+| Eleventh |
+
+ |
+
+12st
+| Twelfth |
+
+ |
+
+13st
+
+
+ |
+
+14st
+
+
+ |
+
+15st
+
+
+ |
+
+16st
+
+
+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |