calibration is the dominant effect when comparing the 3 years in this manner.
Overall, the energy resolution throughout the entire Run 2 period ranges from
1 to 3.4%, depending on the $\eta$ region considered.

Figure 33: The relative $\PZ$ boson mass resolution from $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ decays
in bins of the $\eta$ of the electron for the barrel and endcaps. Electrons
from $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ decays are used and the resolution is shown for low-
bremsstrahlung electrons. The plot compares the resolution achieved for the
data collected at 13during Run 2 in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The 2016 and 2018
data are reconstructed with an initial calibration whereas the 2017 data are
reconstructed with refined calibrations. The resolution is estimated after all
the corrections are applied, as described in Section 0.6.3, including the
scale and spreading corrections of Section 0.6.2. The grey vertical band
represents the region $1.44<\abs{\eta}<1.57$ and it is not included since it
corresponds to the transition between barrel and endcap electromagnetic
calorimeters.

In general, the agreement between data and simulation depends on the noise
modeling in simulation and energy calibration for that object. Better
calibration of the 2017 data, together with a more appropriate simulation of
the noise levels in MC, have led to a better description of isolation
variables.

The identification efficiencies for 2016, 2017, and 2018 are shown in Fig. 34
for cut-based loose electron identification requirements. The efficiencies are
stable within 5% for the full range of $\ET$ of the electrons across the full
ECAL. The correction factors are also stable within 3% over the full three
years.

Figure 34: Cut-based loose electron identification efficiency in data (upper
panel) and data-to-simulation efficiency ratios (lower panel) as a function of
the electron shown for 2016, 2017 “Legacy”, and 2018 data-taking periods. The
vertical bars on the markers represent combined statistical and systematic
uncertainties.

##  0.9 Timing performance

In addition to the energy measurement, the ECAL provides a time of arrival for
electromagnetic energy deposits that can separate prompt electrons and photons
from backgrounds with a broader time of arrival distribution. The fast decay
time of the PbWO4 ECAL crystals, comparable to the LHC bunch crossing interval
(80% of the light is emitted in 25ns), together with the use of electronic
pulse shaping with an high sampling rate provides for an excellent timing
resolution [44]. The better the precision and synchronization of the timing
measurement, the larger the rejection of the background. Background sources
with a broad time distribution include cosmic rays, beam halo muons,
electronic noise, spikes (hadrons that directly ionize the EB photodetectors),
and out-of-time $\Pp\Pp$ interactions. A precise timing measurement also
enables the identification of particles predicted by different models beyond
the standard model. Possible examples could be slow heavy charged R-hadrons
[45], which travel through the calorimeter and interact before decaying, and
photons from the decay of long-lived new particles that reach the ECAL out-of-
time with respect to particles traveling at the speed of light from the
interaction point. For example, to identify neutralinos decaying into photons
with decay lengths comparable to the ECAL radial size, a time measurement
resolution better than 1ns is necessary. The CMS Collaboration published
results on searches for displaced photons from decays of long-lived
neutralinos during Run 1 [46] and Run 2 [47]. These are the most stringent
limits to date on delayed photons at the LHC.

The ECAL timing performance has been measured prior to data-taking using
electrons from test beams, cosmic muons, and beam splash events [44]. The
resolution for large energy deposits ($E>50\GeV$) was estimated to be better
than 30ps and the linearity of the time response was also verified. During
collisions in the LHC, there are many additional effects that could worsen the
performance, such as residual timing jitter in the electronics or the clock
distribution to the individual readout units, run-by-run variations,
intercalibration effects, energy-dependent systematic uncertainties, and
crystal damage due to radiation. A detailed description of the method to
measure the ECAL timing with the crystals is given in the next section.

###  0.9.1 Time resolution measurement using $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ events

The method used to extract the electron and photon time resolutions with the
ECAL detector is based on comparisons of the time of arrival of the two
electrons arising from $\PZ$ decays. The time of arrival of each electron is
the measured time of the most energetic hit of the energy deposit in the ECAL.
This time is corrected for the electron time-of-flight, which is determined
from the primary vertex position, obtained from the electron track. This
correction is needed because the timestamp recorded by the ECAL crystal
assumes a time-of-flight from the origin of the detector, such that the
distribution for the most energetic hit time is centered around zero for all
crystals.

The two electron clusters are required to be in the EB and to pass loose
identification criteria on the cluster shape. Their resulting invariant mass
has to be consistent with the $\PZ$ boson mass ($60<m_{\Pe\Pe}<120\GeV$). The
energy of each of the two hits must fall within the range $10<E<120\GeV$. The
lower threshold is motivated by the minimal energy constraint applied to
reconstruct good quality electrons, whereas the upper threshold is applied to
include only ECAL signals below the lowest gain switch threshold described in
Section 0.6.2. The resulting resolution for the full Run 2 inclusive data set
is shown in Fig. 35 as a function of the effective energy of the dielectron
system, which depends on the individual energies of the two electrons measured
in the two seed crystals as
$E_{\text{eff}}=E_{1}E_{2}/\sqrt{\smash[b]{E_{1}^{2}+E_{2}^{2}}}$. For 2017
data, the Legacy calibration is used. The resolution is extracted as the
$\sigma$ parameter of a Gaussian fit to the core of the distribution of the
time difference between the two electrons. The trend of the ECAL timing
resolution as a function of $E_{\text{eff}}$ is modeled with a polynomial
function as $\sigma(t_{1}-t_{2})=N/E_{\text{eff}}\oplus\sqrt{2}C$ where $N$
represents the noise term and $C$ is the constant term and dominates at
energies above 30-40. The noise term $N$ is very similar to that obtained
prior to collisions [44] and the constant term $C$ is about 200ps.

Figure 35: ECAL timing resolution as a function of the effective energy of the
electron pairs as measured in 2016, 2017 (Legacy), and 2018 data. Vertical
bars on the markers represent the uncertainties coming from the fit procedure
used to determine the $\sigma(t_{1}-t_{2})$ parameters.

##  0.10 Electron and photon reconstruction performance in PbPb collisions

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of matter that is predicted
[48] by quantum chromodynamics to exist at high temperatures and energy
densities, is expected to be produced by colliding heavy nuclei at the LHC.
Parton scattering reactions with large momentum transfer, which occur very
early compared to QGP formation, provide tomographic probes of the plasma
[49]. The outgoing partons interact strongly with the QGP and lose energy.
This phenomenon has been observed at BNL RHIC [50, 51, 52, 53] and at CERN LHC
[54, 55, 56, 57, 58] using measurements of hadrons with high $\pt$ and of
jets, both created by the fragmentation of the high-momentum partons.
Electroweak bosons such as photons and $\PZ$ bosons that decay into leptons do
not interact strongly with the QGP. The electroweak boson $\pt$ reflects, on
average, the initial energy of the associated parton that fragments into a
jet, before any energy loss has occurred. Hence, the measurements of jets
produced in the same hard scattering as a photon or a $\PZ$ boson have, in
contrast to dijet measurements, a controlled configuration of the initial hard
scattering.

The degree of overlap of the two colliding heavy nuclei (e.g., Pb) is defined
using signals in the HF calorimeters, and is known as “centrality”. Centrality
is determined by the fraction of the total energy deposited in the HF, with 0%
centrality corresponding to the most central collisions.

The typical particle multiplicity in central PbPb collisions is
$\mathcal{O}(10^{4})$, giving rise to a dense underlying event (UE). For this
reason, the reconstruction, identification, and energy correction algorithms
must be revised and optimized to perform in the extreme conditions of central
PbPb collisions. The PbPb collisions were recorded in 2018 at a nucleon-
nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrtsNN=5.02$, corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 1.7.

###  0.10.1 Electron and photon reconstruction

Several changes have been made to the photon and electron reconstruction with
respect to the algorithms used in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The out-of-time pileup
in PbPb collisions is negligible, hence out-of-time hits and photons were
excluded from the reconstruction.

The PF ECAL clustering algorithm described in Section 0.4.2 uses a dynamic
window in the $\phi$ direction that is dependent on the seed $\ET$ to recover
the shower spreads in $\phi$, which are considerable at low $\ET$. When
applied to PbPb events, which have a denser environment of underlying events,
this algorithm gives worse energy resolution and higher misidentification
rates with respect to $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. To improve the performance, an
upper bound of 0.2 was imposed on the extent of the SC in the $\phi$
direction. Following these changes, the misidentification rate decreased from
2.7% to 0.5% for photons with $40<\ET<60\GeV$, and the energy resolution,
estimated from the effective width of the distribution of the ratio of the
uncorrected SC energy ($E_{\text{SC,uncorr.}}$) to the true energy
($E_{\text{gen}}$), decreased: as shown in Fig. 36, the modified fixed-width
PF algorithm resulted in an energy resolution between 8% and 3% at $\ET=20$
and $100\GeV$, respectively. In the simulation, the effect of the PbPb UE is
modeled by embedding the output created with CMS 8 CP5 set of parameters [24]
in events generated using [59], which is tuned to reproduce the charged-
particle multiplicity and $\pt$ spectrum in PbPb data. This embedding is
applied with an event-by-event weight factor, based on the average number of
nucleon-nucleon collisions calculated with a Glauber model [60] for each PbPb
centrality interval.

Figure 36: Photon energy resolution comparison in simulation for different PF
clustering algorithms in PbPb collisions as a function of the generated photon
$\ET$. The default algorithm (in blue) has a dynamic $\eta$–$\phi$ window, and
is compared to the modified PF clustering algorithm with an upper bound on the
SC extent in the $\phi$ direction (in red). Barrel photons ($\abs{\eta}<1.44$)
are used in simulated PbPb events within the 0–30% centrality range.

In PbPb collisions, the large particle multiplicities involved often result in
excessively long reconstruction times. As a result, the following
modifications were made to the PbPb reconstruction algorithm to keep the
reconstruction timing at a reasonable level: (i) the tracker-driven electron
seeds were removed, (ii) the tracking regions were changed to be centered in a
narrow region around the primary vertex, and (iii) the SC energy was required
to be at least 15. These changes resulted in an improvement of the overall
reconstruction timing by a factor of more than $5$. The reconstruction
performance for electrons with $\ET>20\GeV$, the kinematic region of interest
to the majority of analyses, was not affected.

###  0.10.2 Electron identification and selection efficiency

As described in Section 0.7.3, several strategies are used in CMS to identify
prompt isolated electrons and to separate them from background sources, such
as photon conversions, jets misidentified as electrons, or electrons from
semileptonic decays of or quarks. A cut-based technique was chosen for the
electron identification in PbPb collisions, using shower-shape and track-
related variables to separate the signal from the background. The selection
requirements are optimized using the TMVA framework, with the working point
target efficiencies remaining the same as in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The input
variables are $\sigma_{i\eta i\eta}$, $H/E$ ratio computed from a single
tower, $1/E-1/p$, $\abs{\Delta\eta^{\text{seed}}_{\text{in}}}$ between the
ECAL seed crystal and the associated track, and $\abs{\Delta\phi_{\text{in}}}$
between the ECAL SC and the associated track. An optimization is performed in
two centrality bins (0–30% (central) and 30–100% (peripheral)), since most of
the included variables are centrality dependent. Variables that do not depend
on centrality, i.e., the number of expected missing inner hits and three-
dimensional impact parameter, were optimized in a second step.

The efficiency of electron reconstruction and identification selection
requirements is estimated in data and simulation using the tag-and-probe
method, as described in Section 0.4.7. Events are required to pass standard
calorimeter noise filters, to trigger the single-electron HLT with an $\ET$
threshold of 20, and to have a primary vertex position
$\abs{v_{z}}<15\unit{cm}$. The event must contain at least two reconstructed
electrons. Each electron has to be within the acceptance region
($20<\ET<200\GeV$, $\abs{\eta}<2.1$), and should not be in the barrel-endcap
transition region or in the problematic HCAL region for 2018 PbPb data,
because in 2018, a 40∘ section of one end of the hadronic endcap calorimeter
lost power during the data-taking period. All PbPb data is affected by this
power loss. Tag-and-probe electrons are defined as described in Section 0.4.7.
The tag-and-probe pairs are required to be oppositely charged and to have an
invariant mass in the range 60–120. For the loose identification working point
the data-to-simulation correction factor is smaller than 3%, both in the
barrel and the endcaps.

Several sources of systematic uncertainty are considered. The main uncertainty
is related to the model used in the mass fit, and is estimated by comparing
alternative distributions for signal and background. The second most important
uncertainty is related to the tag requirement, varied from the tight to the
medium working points. The total systematic uncertainty in the loose
identification working point data-to-simulation correction factor is 2.0–4.5
(2.0–7.5)% in the barrel (endcaps).

###  0.10.3 Electron energy corrections

In heavy ion collisions, the UE activity can vary greatly between the most
central and peripheral collisions. The additional energy deposited by
particles from the UE in the ECAL can be clustered together with the energy
deposited from genuine electrons, and thus affect the energy scale of
reconstructed electrons in a centrality-dependent manner. The electron energy
scale is studied using control samples in data (as described in Section 0.6.1)
based on the invariant mass of the $\PZ$ boson, which is known precisely and
within 5% of the MC scale. The electron energy scale and resolution extracted
from this study are used to correct the energy scale, and to smear the
electron energy resolution in simulated samples, to match those observed in
data.

The invariant mass of dielectron pairs from $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ decays is
constructed from the ECAL energy component in three categories corresponding
to the detector regions in which the two electrons are reconstructed, namely
the EB and EE regions. The events are further subdivided into three centrality
regions: 0–10, 10–30, and 30–100%. The electrons are required to have a
minimum $\ET$ of 20, pass the loose identification selection, and to be
located outside the ECAL transition region or the problematic HCAL region. The
invariant mass distributions are fitted with a DSCB distribution, from which
the mean values are extracted. This is performed separately for data and
simulation, and the ratio of the extracted mean values to the world-average
$\PZ$ boson mass [36] is used as a correction factor applied to the mean
energy scale. The energy resolutions are extracted after first applying the
scale factors derived to shift the invariant mass distributions back to the
nominal $\PZ$ boson mass. The energy scale and resolution spreading correction
factors are applied to the ECAL energy component of the reconstructed
electrons, with the final electron momentum obtained by redoing the ECAL-
tracker recombination. The first two sources of systematic uncertainty are
evaluated by constructing the invariant mass distributions after varying the
electron selection criteria. The variations considered are to tighten the
selection criteria from the loose to the medium working point, and increase
the electron $\ET$ threshold from 20 to 25. The difference between the mean
values of the nominal and the varied distributions is used as an estimate of
the systematic uncertainty. The residual discrepancy between the corrected and
the nominal $\PZ$ boson mass is also assumed as a systematic uncertainty, and
is smaller than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region.

A comparison of the $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ invariant mass peak between data and
simulated Drell–Yan events generated with MadGraph5 at NLO [21] is shown in
Fig. 37. The electron energy in simulation has been corrected using scale
corrections and resolution spreading, and electron reconstruction and
identification efficiency corrections have also been applied.

Figure 37: Invariant mass distributions of the electron pairs from
$\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ decays selected in PbPb collisions, for the barrel-barrel
electrons on the left, and with at least one electron in the endcaps on the
right. The simulation is shown with the filled histograms and data are
represented by the markers. The vertical bars on the markers represent the
statistical uncertainties in data. The hatched regions show the combined
statistical and systematic uncertainties in the simulation, with the
uncertainty in the shapes of the predicted distributions being the main
contributor. The lower panels display the ratio of data to simulation.

##  0.11 Summary

The performance of electron and photon reconstruction and identification in
CMS during LHC Run 2 was measured using data collected in proton-proton
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$in 2016–2018 corresponding to a total integrated
luminosity of 136.

A clustering algorithm developed to cope with the increasing pileup conditions
is described, together with the use of the new pixel detector with one more
layer and a reduced material budget. These are major changes in electron and
photon performance with respect to Run 1.

Multivariate algorithms are used to correct the electron and photon energy
measured in the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), as well as to estimate the
electron momentum by combining independent measurements in the ECAL and in the
tracker. The overall energy scale and resolution are both calibrated using
electrons from $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$ decays. The uncertainty in the electron and
photon energy scale is within 0.1% in the barrel, and 0.3% in the endcaps in
the transverse energy ($\ET$) range from 10 to 50. The stability of this
calibration is estimated to be within 2–3% for higher energies. The measured
energy resolution for electrons produced in $\PZ$ boson decays ranges from 2
to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through
bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale and resolution
corrections have been checked for photons using $\PZ\to\mu\mu\gamma$ events
and are adequate within the assigned systematic uncertainties.

The performance of electron and photon reconstruction and identification
algorithms in data is studied with a tag-and-probe method using $\PZ\to\Pe\Pe$
events. Good agreement is observed between data and simulation for most of the
variables relevant to both reconstruction and identification. The
reconstruction efficiency in data is better than 95% in the $\ET$ range from
10 to 500. The data-to-simulation efficiency ratios, both for electron
reconstruction and for the various electron and photon selections, are
compatible with unity within 2% over the full $\ET$ range, down to an $\ET$ as
low as 10 (20)for electrons (photons) when using the 2017 data reconstructed
with the dedicated Legacy calibration. Identification efficiencies target
three working points with selection efficiencies of 70, 80, and 90%,
respectively.

The energy resolution and energy scale measurements, together with the
relevant identification efficiencies, remain stable throughout the full Run 2
data-taking period (2016–2018). For the 2017 data-taking period, the dedicated
Legacy calibration brings an improvement of up to 50% in terms of relative
energy resolution in the ECAL, as well as an improved agreement between data
and simulation, leading to smaller reconstruction and identification
efficiency correction over the entire $\ET$ and $\eta$ ranges. As a result of
these calibrations the electron and photon reconstruction and identification
performance at Run 2 are similar to that of Run 1, despite the increased
pileup and radiation damage. The evident success of the dedicated Legacy
calibration of 2017 data motivates a plan to pursue the same techniques for
the 2016 and 2018 data.

The ECAL timing resolution is crucial at CMS to suppress noncollision
backgrounds, as well as to perform dedicated searches for delayed photons or
jets predicted in several models of physics beyond the standard model. A
global timing resolution of 200ps is measured for electrons from $\PZ$ decays
with the full Run 2 collision data.

Excellent performance in electron and photon reconstruction and identification
has also been achieved in the case of lead-lead collisions at
$\sqrtsNN=5.02$in 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 1.7.
Reconstruction, identification, and energy correction algorithms have been
revised and optimized to perform in the extreme conditions of high underlying
event activity in central lead-lead collisions. For electrons and photons
reconstructed in lead-lead collisions, the uncertainty on the energy scale is
estimated to be better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region.

###### Acknowledgements.

We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the
excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative
staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the
success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the
computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for
delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our
analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction
and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following
funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and
Research and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche
Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding
Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of
Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of
Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the
Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science,
Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research and
Innovation Foundation, Cyprus; the Secretariat for Higher Education, Science,
Technology and Innovation, Ecuador; the Ministry of Education and Research,
Estonian Research Council via PRG780, PRG803 and PRG445 and European Regional
Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of
Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut
National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, and
Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives / CEA, France;
the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2121
“Quantum Universe” – 390833306, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher
Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and
Technology, Greece; the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund,
Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and
Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and
Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di
Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and
National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Ministry of
Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia; the Lithuanian Academy of
Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the
Ministry of Science of Montenegro; the Mexican Funding Agencies (BUAP,
CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business,
Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission;
the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre,
Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal
Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of
Sciences, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the National Research
Center “Kurchatov Institute”; the Ministry of Education, Science and
Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de
Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Plan
Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017–2020,
research project IDI-2018-000174 del Principado de Asturias, and Fondo Europeo
de Desarrollo Regional, Spain; the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Research, Sri Lanka; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI,
SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology,
Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the
Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force
for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development
Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey,
and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department
of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received
support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and
Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, and 765710 (European
Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour
la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-
Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-
Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the “Excellence of Science –
EOS” – be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology
Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
(MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület (“Momentum”) Program and the János
Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New
National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959,
124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the
Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional
Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and
Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia
2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and
2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities
Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and
Higher Education, project no. 0723-2020-0041 (Russia); the Tomsk Polytechnic
University Competitiveness Enhancement Program; the Programa de Excelencia
María de Maeztu, and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the
Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF, and the Greek NSRF; the
Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn
University, and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project
Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation;
the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the
Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

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##  .12 The CMS Collaboration

Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
A.M. Sirunyan${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$, A. Tumasyan Institut für
Hochenergiephysik, Wien, Austria
W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, A. Escalante Del Valle, R. Frühwirth1, M.
Jeitler1, N. Krammer, L. Lechner, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, F.M. Pitters, N. Rad,
J. Schieck1, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E.
Wulz1, M. Zarucki Institute for Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus
V. Chekhovsky, A. Litomin, V. Makarenko, J. Suarez Gonzalez Universiteit
Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
M.R. Darwish2, E.A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, T. Kello3, A. Lelek, M. Pieters, H.
Rejeb Sfar, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, S. Van Putte, N. Van Remortel
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
F. Blekman, E.S. Bols, S.S. Chhibra, J. D’Hondt, J. De Clercq, D. Lontkovskyi,
S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, A. Morton, D. Müller, Q. Python, S.
Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders Université Libre de Bruxelles,
Bruxelles, Belgium
D. Beghin, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, B. Dorney, L. Favart, A.
Grebenyuk, A.K. Kalsi, I. Makarenko, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, A. Popov, N.
Postiau, E. Starling, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, L.
Wezenbeek Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, M. Gruchala, I. Khvastunov4, G. Mestdach, M. Niedziela,
C. Roskas, K. Skovpen, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, B. Vermassen, M. Vit Université
Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
G. Bruno, F. Bury, C. Caputo, P. David, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, I.S.
Donertas, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaitre, K. Mondal, J. Prisciandaro, A. Taliercio,
M. Teklishyn, P. Vischia, S. Wertz, S. Wuyckens Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas
Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
G.A. Alves, C. Hensel, A. Moraes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil
W.L. Aldá Júnior, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, H. Brandao Malbouisson, W.
Carvalho, J. Chinellato5, E. Coelho, E.M. Da Costa, G.G. Da Silveira6, D. De
Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, J. Martins7, D. Matos Figueiredo, M. Medina
Jaime8, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, P. Rebello Teles, L.J. Sanchez
Rosas, A. Santoro, S.M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, F. Torres Da
Silva De Araujo, A. Vilela Pereira Universidade Estadual Paulista a,
Universidade Federal do ABC b, São Paulo, Brazil
C.A. Bernardesa, L. Calligarisa, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomeia, E.M.
Gregoresa,b, D.S. Lemosa, P.G. Mercadantea,b, S.F. Novaesa, Sandra S. Padulaa
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, I. Atanasov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M.
Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov University of Sofia, Sofia,
Bulgaria
A. Dimitrov, T. Ivanov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov Beihang
University, Beijing, China
T. Cheng, W. Fang3, Q. Guo, M. Mittal, H. Wang, L. Yuan Department of Physics,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
M. Ahmad, G. Bauer, Z. Hu, Y. Wang, K. Yi9,10 Institute of High Energy
Physics, Beijing, China
E. Chapon, G.M. Chen11, H.S. Chen11, M. Chen, T. Javaid11, A. Kapoor, D.
Leggat, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu11, R. Sharma, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, J. Thomas-
wilsker, J. Wang, H. Zhang, S. Zhang11, J. Zhao State Key Laboratory of
Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, C. Chen, Q. Huang, A. Levin, Q. Li, M. Lu, X. Lyu, Y.
Mao, S.J. Qian, D. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Xiao Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou,
China
Z. You Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and
Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Shanghai, China
X. Gao3 Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
M. Xiao Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, A. Sarkar, M.A. Segura Delgado
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
J. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, F. Ramirez, J.D. Ruiz Alvarez, C.A. Salazar
González, N. Vanegas Arbelaez University of Split, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak University of Split, Faculty
of Science, Split, Croatia
Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, T. Sculac Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, D. Majumder, M. Roguljic, A. Starodumov12, T. Susa
University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
M.W. Ather, A. Attikis, E. Erodotou, A. Ioannou, G. Kole, M. Kolosova, S.
Konstantinou, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski,
H. Saka, D. Tsiakkouri Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
M. Finger13, M. Finger Jr.13, A. Kveton, J. Tomsa Escuela Politecnica
Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
E. Ayala Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
E. Carrera Jarrin Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab
Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
H. Abdalla14, A.A. Abdelalim15,16, Y. Assran17,18 Center for High Energy
Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
A. Lotfy, M.A. Mahmoud National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics,
Tallinn, Estonia
S. Bhowmik, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, R.K. Dewanjee, K. Ehataht, M.
Kadastik, J. Pata, M. Raidal, C. Veelken Department of Physics, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
P. Eerola, L. Forthomme, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
E. Brücken, F. Garcia, J. Havukainen, V. Karimäki, M.S. Kim, R. Kinnunen, T.
Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J.
Tuominiemi Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
P. Luukka, T. Tuuva IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
C. Amendola, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, F.
Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry,
B. Lenzi, E. Locci, J. Malcles, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-
Navarro19, M. Titov, G.B. Yu Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole
Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
S. Ahuja, F. Beaudette, M. Bonanomi, A. Buchot Perraguin, P. Busson, C.
Charlot, O. Davignon, B. Diab, G. Falmagne, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A.
Hakimi, I. Kucher, A. Lobanov, C. Martin Perez, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P.
Paganini, J. Rembser, R. Salerno, J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
J.-L. Agram20, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, G. Bourgatte, J.-M. Brom, E.C. Chabert, C.
Collard, J.-C. Fontaine20, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, C. Grimault, A.-C. Le Bihan,
P. Van Hove Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3,
Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
E. Asilar, S. Beauceron, C. Bernet, G. Boudoul, C. Camen, A. Carle, N. Chanon,
D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B.
Ille, Sa. Jain, I.B. Laktineh, H. Lattaud, A. Lesauvage, M. Lethuillier, L.
Mirabito, K. Shchablo, L. Torterotot, G. Touquet, M. Vander Donckt, S. Viret
Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
A. Khvedelidze13, Z. Tsamalaidze13 RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches
Institut, Aachen, Germany
L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, M.P. Rauch, J. Schulz, M.
Teroerde RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen,
Germany
D. Eliseev, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, S. Ghosh, T. Hebbeker, K.
Hoepfner, H. Keller, L. Mastrolorenzo, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, G. Mocellin,
S. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, A. Novak, T. Pook, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. Rath,
H. Reithler, J. Roemer, A. Schmidt, S.C. Schuler, A. Sharma, S. Wiedenbeck, S.
Zaleski RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen,
Germany
C. Dziwok, G. Flügge, W. Haj Ahmad21, O. Hlushchenko, T. Kress, A. Nowack, C.
Pistone, O. Pooth, D. Roy, H. Sert, A. Stahl22, T. Ziemons Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, P. Asmuss, I. Babounikau, S. Baxter, O.
Behnke, A. Bermúdez Martínez, A.A. Bin Anuar, K. Borras23, V. Botta, D.
Brunner, A. Campbell, A. Cardini, P. Connor, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, V.
Danilov, A. De Wit, M.M. Defranchis, L. Didukh, D. Domínguez Damiani, G.
Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, L.I. Estevez Banos, E. Gallo24, A. Geiser, A. Giraldi,
A. Grohsjean, M. Guthoff, A. Harb, A. Jafari25, N.Z. Jomhari, H. Jung, A.
Kasem23, M. Kasemann, H. Kaveh, C. Kleinwort, J. Knolle, D. Krücker, W. Lange,
T. Lenz, J. Lidrych, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann26, T. Madlener, R. Mankel, I.-A.
Melzer-Pellmann, J. Metwally, A.B. Meyer, M. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller,
V. Myronenko, Y. Otarid, D. Pérez Adán, S.K. Pflitsch, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza,
A. Saggio, A. Saibel, M. Savitskyi, V. Scheurer, C. Schwanenberger, A. Singh,
R.E. Sosa Ricardo, N. Tonon, O. Turkot, A. Vagnerini, M. Van De Klundert, R.
Walsh, D. Walter, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, S. Wuchterl, O. Zenaiev, R.
Zlebcik University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
R. Aggleton, S. Bein, L. Benato, A. Benecke, K. De Leo, T. Dreyer, A.
Ebrahimi, M. Eich, F. Feindt, A. Fröhlich, C. Garbers, E. Garutti, P.
Gunnellini, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann, A. Karavdina, G. Kasieczka, R. Klanner, R.
Kogler, V. Kutzner, J. Lange, T. Lange, A. Malara, C.E.N. Niemeyer, A.
Nigamova, K.J. Pena Rodriguez, O. Rieger, P. Schleper, S. Schumann, J.
Schwandt, D. Schwarz, J. Sonneveld, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, A. Tews, B.
Vormwald, I. Zoi Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
J. Bechtel, T. Berger, E. Butz, R. Caspart, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A.
Dierlamm, A. Droll, K. El Morabit, N. Faltermann, K. Flöh, M. Giffels, A.
Gottmann, F. Hartmann22, C. Heidecker, U. Husemann, I. Katkov27, P. Keicher,
R. Koppenhöfer, S. Maier, M. Metzler, S. Mitra, Th. Müller, M. Musich, G.
Quast, K. Rabbertz, J. Rauser, D. Savoiu, D. Schäfer, M. Schnepf, M. Schröder,
D. Seith, I. Shvetsov, H.J. Simonis, R. Ulrich, M. Wassmer, M. Weber, R. Wolf,
S. Wozniewski Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR
Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
G. Anagnostou, P. Asenov, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas,
G. Paspalaki, A. Stakia National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,
Athens, Greece
M. Diamantopoulou, D. Karasavvas, G. Karathanasis, P. Kontaxakis, C.K. Koraka,
A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Panagiotou, I. Papavergou, N. Saoulidou, K.
Theofilatos, E. Tziaferi, K. Vellidis, E. Vourliotis National Technical
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
G. Bakas, K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, G. Tsipolitis, A. Zacharopoulou
University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Gianneios, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, K. Manitara,
N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, J. Strologas MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and
Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
M. Bartók28, M. Csanad, M.M.A. Gadallah29, S. Lökös30, P. Major, K. Mandal, A.
Mehta, G. Pasztor, O. Surányi, G.I. Veres Wigner Research Centre for Physics,
Budapest, Hungary
G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath31, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G.
Vesztergombi${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$ Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI,
Debrecen, Hungary
S. Czellar, J. Karancsi28, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, D. Teyssier Institute of
Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
P. Raics, Z.L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari Eszterhazy Karoly University, Karoly
Robert Campus, Gyongyos, Hungary
T. Csorgo33, F. Nemes33, T. Novak Indian Institute of Science (IISc),
Bangalore, India
S. Choudhury, J.R. Komaragiri, D. Kumar, L. Panwar, P.C. Tiwari National
Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
S. Bahinipati34, D. Dash, C. Kar, P. Mal, T. Mishra, V.K. Muraleedharan Nair
Bindhu, A. Nayak35, N. Sur, S.K. Swain Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
S. Bansal, S.B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, G. Chaudhary, S. Chauhan, N. Dhingra36, R.
Gupta, A. Kaur, S. Kaur, P. Kumari, M. Meena, K. Sandeep, S. Sharma, J.B.
Singh, A.K. Virdi University of Delhi, Delhi, India
A. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, B.C. Choudhary, R.B. Garg, M. Gola, S. Keshri, A.
Kumar, M. Naimuddin, P. Priyanka, K. Ranjan, A. Shah Saha Institute of Nuclear
Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
M. Bharti37, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, S. Dutta, S. Ghosh,
B. Gomber38, M. Maity39, S. Nandan, P. Palit, P.K. Rout, G. Saha, B. Sahu, S.
Sarkar, M. Sharan, B. Singh37, S. Thakur37 Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Madras, India
P.K. Behera, S.C. Behera, P. Kalbhor, A. Muhammad, R. Pradhan, P.R. Pujahari,
A. Sharma, A.K. Sikdar Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
D. Dutta, V. Kumar, K. Naskar40, P.K. Netrakanti, L.M. Pant, P. Shukla Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
T. Aziz, S. Dugad, G.B. Mohanty, U. Sarkar Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research-B, Mumbai, India
S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, R. Chudasama, M. Guchait, S.
Karmakar, S. Kumar, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, S. Mukherjee, D. Roy Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
S. Dube, B. Kansal, S. Pandey, A. Rane, A. Rastogi, S. Sharma Department of
Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
H. Bakhshiansohi41, M. Zeinali42 Institute for Research in Fundamental
Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
S. Chenarani43, S.M. Etesami, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi University
College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
M. Felcini, M. Grunewald INFN Sezione di Bari a, Università di Bari b,
Politecnico di Bari c, Bari, Italy
M. Abbresciaa,b, R. Alya,b,44, C. Arutaa,b, A. Colaleoa, D. Creanzaa,c, N. De
Filippisa,c, M. De Palmaa,b, A. Di Florioa,b, A. Di Pilatoa,b, W.
Elmetenaweea,b, L. Fiorea, A. Gelmia,b, M. Gula, G. Iasellia,c, M. Incea,b, S.
Lezkia,b, G. Maggia,c, M. Maggia, I. Margjekaa,b, V. Mastrapasquaa,b, J.A.
Merlina, S. Mya,b, S. Nuzzoa,b, A. Pompilia,b, G. Pugliesea,c, A. Ranieria, G.
Selvaggia,b, L. Silvestrisa, F.M. Simonea,b, R. Vendittia, P. Verwilligena
INFN Sezione di Bologna a, Università di Bologna b, Bologna, Italy
G. Abbiendia, C. Battilanaa,b, D. Bonacorsia,b, L. Borgonovia, S. Braibant-
Giacomellia,b, R. Campaninia,b, P. Capiluppia,b, A. Castroa,b, F.R. Cavalloa,
C. Cioccaa, M. Cuffiania,b, G.M. Dallavallea, T. Diotalevia,b, F. Fabbria, A.
Fanfania,b, E. Fontanesia,b, P. Giacomellia, L. Giommia,b, C. Grandia, L.
Guiduccia,b, F. Iemmia,b, S. Lo Meoa,45, S. Marcellinia, G. Masettia, F.L.
Navarriaa,b, A. Perrottaa, F. Primaveraa,b, A.M. Rossia,b, T. Rovellia,b, G.P.
Sirolia,b, N. Tosia INFN Sezione di Catania a, Università di Catania b,
Catania, Italy
S. Albergoa,b,46, S. Costaa,b, A. Di Mattiaa, R. Potenzaa,b, A. Tricomia,b,46,
C. Tuvea,b INFN Sezione di Firenze a, Università di Firenze b, Firenze, Italy
G. Barbaglia, A. Cassesea, R. Ceccarellia,b, V. Ciullia,b, C. Civininia, R.
D’Alessandroa,b, F. Fioria, E. Focardia,b, G. Latinoa,b, P. Lenzia,b, M.
Lizzoa,b, M. Meschinia, S. Paolettia, R. Seiditaa,b, G. Sguazzonia, L.
Viliania INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo INFN Sezione di Genova a, Università di
Genova b, Genova, Italy
M. Bozzoa,b, F. Ferroa, R. Mulargiaa,b, E. Robuttia, S. Tosia,b INFN Sezione
di Milano-Bicocca a, Università di Milano-Bicocca b, Milano, Italy
A. Benagliaa, A. Beschia,b, F. Brivioa,b, F. Cetorellia,b, V. Cirioloa,b,22,
F. De Guioa,b, M.E. Dinardoa,b, P. Dinia, S. Gennaia, A. Ghezzia,b, P.
Govonia,b, L. Guzzia,b, M. Malbertia, S. Malvezzia, A. Massironia, D.
Menascea, F. Montia,b, L. Moronia, M. Paganonia,b, D. Pedrinia, S. Ragazzia,b,
T. Tabarelli de Fatisa,b, D. Valsecchia,b,22, D. Zuoloa,b INFN Sezione di
Napoli a, Università di Napoli ’Federico II’ b, Napoli, Italy, Università
della Basilicata c, Potenza, Italy, Università G. Marconi d, Roma, Italy
S. Buontempoa, N. Cavalloa,c, A. De Iorioa,b, F. Fabozzia,c, F. Fiengaa,
A.O.M. Iorioa,b, L. Listaa,b, S. Meolaa,d,22, P. Paoluccia,22, B. Rossia, C.
Sciaccaa,b INFN Sezione di Padova a, Università di Padova b, Padova, Italy,
Università di Trento c, Trento, Italy
P. Azzia, N. Bacchettaa, D. Biselloa,b, P. Bortignona, A. Bragagnoloa,b, R.
Carlina,b, P. Checchiaa, P. De Castro Manzanoa, T. Dorigoa, F. Gasparinia,b,
U. Gasparinia,b, S.Y. Hoha,b, L. Layera,47, M. Margonia,b, A.T. Meneguzzoa,b,
M. Presillaa,b, P. Ronchesea,b, R. Rossina,b, F. Simonettoa,b, G. Stronga, M.
Tosia,b, H. Yarara,b, M. Zanettia,b, P. Zottoa,b, A. Zucchettaa,b, G.
Zumerlea,b INFN Sezione di Pavia a, Università di Pavia b, Pavia, Italy
C. Aime‘a,b, A. Braghieria, S. Calzaferria,b, D. Fiorinaa,b, P. Montagnaa,b,
S.P. Rattia,b, V. Rea, M. Ressegottia,b, C. Riccardia,b, P. Salvinia, I. Vaia,
P. Vituloa,b INFN Sezione di Perugia a, Università di Perugia b, Perugia,
Italy
M. Biasinia,b, G.M. Bileia, D. Ciangottinia,b, L. Fanòa,b, P. Laricciaa,b, G.
Mantovania,b, V. Mariania,b, M. Menichellia, F. Moscatellia, A. Piccinellia,b,
A. Rossia,b, A. Santocchiaa,b, D. Spigaa, T. Tedeschia,b INFN Sezione di Pisa
a, Università di Pisa b, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa c, Pisa Italy,
Università di Siena d, Siena, Italy
K. Androsova, P. Azzurria, G. Bagliesia, V. Bertacchia,c, L. Bianchinia, T.
Boccalia, R. Castaldia, M.A. Cioccia,b, R. Dell’Orsoa, M.R. Di Domenicoa,d, S.
Donatoa, L. Gianninia,c, A. Giassia, M.T. Grippoa, F. Ligabuea,c, E. Mancaa,c,
G. Mandorlia,c, A. Messineoa,b, F. Pallaa, G. Ramirez-Sancheza,c, A. Rizzia,b,
G. Rolandia,c, S. Roy Chowdhurya,c, A. Scribanoa, N. Shafieia,b, P. Spagnoloa,
R. Tenchinia, G. Tonellia,b, N. Turinia,d, A. Venturia, P.G. Verdinia INFN
Sezione di Roma a, Sapienza Università di Roma b, Rome, Italy
F. Cavallaria, M. Cipriania,b, D. Del Rea,b, E. Di Marcoa, M. Diemoza, E.
Longoa,b, P. Meridiania, G. Organtinia,b, F. Pandolfia, R. Paramattia,b, C.
Quarantaa,b, S. Rahatloua,b, C. Rovellia, F. Santanastasioa,b, L. Soffia, R.
Tramontanoa,b INFN Sezione di Torino a, Università di Torino b, Torino, Italy,
Università del Piemonte Orientale c, Novara, Italy
N. Amapanea,b, R. Arcidiaconoa,c, S. Argiroa,b, M. Arneodoa,c, N. Bartosika,
R. Bellana,b, A. Belloraa,b, J. Berenguer Antequeraa,b, C. Biinoa, A.
Cappatia,b, N. Cartigliaa, S. Comettia, M. Costaa,b, R. Covarellia,b, N.
Demariaa, B. Kiania,b, F. Leggera, C. Mariottia, S. Masellia, E. Migliorea,b,
V. Monacoa,b, E. Monteila,b, M. Montenoa, M.M. Obertinoa,b, G. Ortonaa, L.
Pachera,b, N. Pastronea, M. Pelliccionia, G.L. Pinna Angionia,b, M. Ruspaa,c,
R. Salvaticoa,b, F. Sivieroa,b, V. Solaa, A. Solanoa,b, D. Soldia,b, A.
Staianoa, M. Tornagoa,b, D. Trocinoa,b INFN Sezione di Trieste a, Università
di Trieste b, Trieste, Italy
S. Belfortea, V. Candelisea,b, M. Casarsaa, F. Cossuttia, A. Da Rolda,b, G.
Della Riccaa,b, F. Vazzolera,b Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
S. Dogra, C. Huh, B. Kim, D.H. Kim, G.N. Kim, J. Lee, S.W. Lee, C.S. Moon,
Y.D. Oh, S.I. Pak, B.C. Radburn-Smith, S. Sekmen, Y.C. Yang Chonnam National
University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
H. Kim, D.H. Moon Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
B. Francois, T.J. Kim, J. Park Korea University, Seoul, Korea
S. Cho, S. Choi, Y. Go, S. Ha, B. Hong, K. Lee, K.S. Lee, J. Lim, J. Park,
S.K. Park, J. Yoo Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
J. Goh, A. Gurtu Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
H.S. Kim, Y. Kim Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
J. Almond, J.H. Bhyun, J. Choi, S. Jeon, J. Kim, J.S. Kim, S. Ko, H. Kwon, H.
Lee, K. Lee, S. Lee, K. Nam, B.H. Oh, M. Oh, S.B. Oh, H. Seo, U.K. Yang, I.
Yoon University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
D. Jeon, J.H. Kim, B. Ko, J.S.H. Lee, I.C. Park, Y. Roh, D. Song, I.J. Watson
Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
H.D. Yoo Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
Y. Choi, C. Hwang, Y. Jeong, H. Lee, Y. Lee, I. Yu College of Engineering and
Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Kuwait
Y. Maghrbi Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
V. Veckalns48 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
A. Juodagalvis, A. Rinkevicius, G. Tamulaitis, A. Vaitkevicius National Centre
for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
W.A.T. Wan Abdullah, M.N. Yusli, Z. Zolkapli Universidad de Sonora (UNISON),
Hermosillo, Mexico
J.F. Benitez, A. Castaneda Hernandez, J.A. Murillo Quijada, L. Valencia Palomo
Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
G. Ayala, H. Castilla-Valdez, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, I. Heredia-De La Cruz49,
R. Lopez-Fernandez, C.A. Mondragon Herrera, D.A. Perez Navarro, A. Sanchez-
Hernandez Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
S. Carrillo Moreno, C. Oropeza Barrera, M. Ramirez-Garcia, F. Vazquez Valencia
Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
J. Eysermans, I. Pedraza, H.A. Salazar Ibarguen, C. Uribe Estrada Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
A. Morelos Pineda University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
J. Mijuskovic4, N. Raicevic University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
D. Krofcheck University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
S. Bheesette, P.H. Butler National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam
University, Islamabad, Pakistan
A. Ahmad, M.I. Asghar, A. Awais, M.I.M. Awan, H.R. Hoorani, W.A. Khan, S.
Qazi, M.A. Shah, M. Shoaib AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of
Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, Krakow, Poland
V. Avati, L. Grzanka, M. Malawski National Centre for Nuclear Research,
Swierk, Poland
H. Bialkowska, M. Bluj, B. Boimska, T. Frueboes, M. Górski, M. Kazana, M.
Szleper, P. Traczyk, P. Zalewski Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of
Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
K. Bunkowski, K. Doroba, A. Kalinowski, M. Konecki, J. Krolikowski, M. Walczak
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa,
Portugal
M. Araujo, P. Bargassa, D. Bastos, A. Boletti, P. Faccioli, M. Gallinaro, J.
Hollar, N. Leonardo, T. Niknejad, J. Seixas, K. Shchelina, O. Toldaiev, J.
Varela Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
S. Afanasiev, P. Bunin, M. Gavrilenko, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, A. Kamenev,
V. Karjavine, A. Lanev, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev50,51, V.V. Mitsyn, V.
Palichik, V. Perelygin, M. Savina, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, V. Smirnov, O.
Teryaev, V. Trofimov, N. Voytishin, B.S. Yuldashev52, A. Zarubin Petersburg
Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St. Petersburg), Russia
G. Gavrilov, V. Golovtcov, Y. Ivanov, V. Kim53, E. Kuznetsova54, V. Murzin, V.
Oreshkin, I. Smirnov, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Volkov, A. Vorobyev
Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
Yu. Andreev, A. Dermenev, S. Gninenko, N. Golubev, A. Karneyeu, M. Kirsanov,
N. Krasnikov, A. Pashenkov, G. Pivovarov, D.
Tlisov${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$, A. Toropin Institute for Theoretical and
Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’,
Moscow, Russia
V. Epshteyn, V. Gavrilov, N. Lychkovskaya, A. Nikitenko55, V. Popov, G.
Safronov, A. Spiridonov, A. Stepennov, M. Toms, E. Vlasov, A. Zhokin Moscow
Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
T. Aushev National Research Nuclear University ’Moscow Engineering Physics
Institute’ (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
O. Bychkova, M. Chadeeva56, D. Philippov, E. Popova, V. Rusinov P.N. Lebedev
Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
V. Andreev, M. Azarkin, I. Dremin, M. Kirakosyan, A. Terkulov Skobeltsyn
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow,
Russia
A. Belyaev, E. Boos, M. Dubinin57, L. Dudko, A. Ershov, A. Gribushin, V.
Klyukhin, O. Kodolova, I. Lokhtin, S. Obraztsov, S. Petrushanko, V. Savrin, A.
Snigirev Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Blinov58, T. Dimova58, L. Kardapoltsev58, I. Ovtin58, Y. Skovpen58
Institute for High Energy Physics of National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov
Institute’, Protvino, Russia
I. Azhgirey, I. Bayshev, V. Kachanov, A. Kalinin, D. Konstantinov, V. Petrov,
R. Ryutin, A. Sobol, S. Troshin, N. Tyurin, A. Uzunian, A. Volkov National
Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
A. Babaev, A. Iuzhakov, V. Okhotnikov, L. Sukhikh Tomsk State University,
Tomsk, Russia
V. Borchsh, V. Ivanchenko, E. Tcherniaev University of Belgrade: Faculty of
Physics and VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
P. Adzic59, M. Dordevic, P. Milenovic, J. Milosevic Centro de Investigaciones
Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz Maestre, A. Álvarez Fernández, I. Bachiller, M.
Barrio Luna, Cristina F. Bedoya, C.A. Carrillo Montoya, M. Cepeda, M. Cerrada,
N. Colino, B. De La Cruz, A. Delgado Peris, J.P. Fernández Ramos, J. Flix,
M.C. Fouz, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Goy Lopez, J.M. Hernandez, M.I. Josa, J. León
Holgado, D. Moran, Á. Navarro Tobar, A. Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo, J. Puerta
Pelayo, I. Redondo, L. Romero, S. Sánchez Navas, M.S. Soares, L. Urda Gómez,
C. Willmott Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
C. Albajar, J.F. de Trocóniz, R. Reyes-Almanza Universidad de Oviedo,
Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias
(ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
B. Alvarez Gonzalez, J. Cuevas, C. Erice, J. Fernandez Menendez, S. Folgueras,
I. Gonzalez Caballero, E. Palencia Cortezon, C. Ramón Álvarez, J. Ripoll Sau,
V. Rodríguez Bouza, S. Sanchez Cruz, A. Trapote Instituto de Física de
Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
J.A. Brochero Cifuentes, I.J. Cabrillo, A. Calderon, B. Chazin Quero, J.
Duarte Campderros, M. Fernandez, P.J. Fernández Manteca, A. García Alonso, G.
Gomez, C. Martinez Rivero, P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, F. Matorras, J. Piedra
Gomez, C. Prieels, F. Ricci-Tam, T. Rodrigo, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, L. Scodellaro, I.
Vila, J.M. Vizan Garcia University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
M.K. Jayananda, B. Kailasapathy60, D.U.J. Sonnadara, D.D.C. Wickramarathna
University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
W.G.D. Dharmaratna, K. Liyanage, N. Perera, N. Wickramage CERN, European
Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
T.K. Aarrestad, D. Abbaneo, E. Auffray, G. Auzinger, J. Baechler, P. Baillon,
A.H. Ball, D. Barney, J. Bendavid, N. Beni, M. Bianco, A. Bocci, E. Bossini,
E. Brondolin, T. Camporesi, M. Capeans Garrido, G. Cerminara, L. Cristella, D.
d’Enterria, A. Dabrowski, N. Daci, A. David, A. De Roeck, M. Deile, R. Di
Maria, M. Dobson, M. Dünser, N. Dupont, A. Elliott-Peisert, N. Emriskova, F.
Fallavollita61, D. Fasanella, S. Fiorendi, A. Florent, G. Franzoni, J.
Fulcher, W. Funk, S. Giani, D. Gigi, K. Gill, F. Glege, L. Gouskos, M.
Guilbaud, M. Haranko, J. Hegeman, Y. Iiyama, V. Innocente, T. James, P. Janot,
J. Kaspar, J. Kieseler, M. Komm, N. Kratochwil, C. Lange, S. Laurila, P.
Lecoq, K. Long, C. Lourenço, L. Malgeri, S. Mallios, M. Mannelli, F. Meijers,
S. Mersi, E. Meschi, F. Moortgat, M. Mulders, S. Orfanelli, L. Orsini, F.
Pantaleo22, L. Pape, E. Perez, M. Peruzzi, A. Petrilli, G. Petrucciani, A.
Pfeiffer, M. Pierini, T. Quast, D. Rabady, A. Racz, M. Rieger, M. Rovere, H.
Sakulin, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, S. Scarfi, C. Schäfer, C. Schwick, M. Selvaggi, A.
Sharma, P. Silva, W. Snoeys, P. Sphicas62, S. Summers, V.R. Tavolaro, D.
Treille, A. Tsirou, G.P. Van Onsem, M. Verzetti, K.A. Wozniak, W.D. Zeuner
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
L. Caminada63, W. Erdmann, R. Horisberger, Q. Ingram, H.C. Kaestli, D.
Kotlinski, U. Langenegger, M. Missiroli, T. Rohe ETH Zurich - Institute for
Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
M. Backhaus, P. Berger, A. Calandri, N. Chernyavskaya, A. De Cosa, G.
Dissertori, M. Dittmar, M. Donegà, C. Dorfer, T. Gadek, T.A. Gómez Espinosa,
C. Grab, D. Hits, W. Lustermann, A.-M. Lyon, R.A. Manzoni, M.T. Meinhard, F.
Micheli, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, J. Niedziela, F. Pauss, V. Perovic, G. Perrin, S.
Pigazzini, M.G. Ratti, M. Reichmann, C. Reissel, T. Reitenspiess, B. Ristic,
D. Ruini, D.A. Sanz Becerra, M. Schönenberger, V. Stampf, J. Steggemann64, R.
Wallny, D.H. Zhu Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
C. Amsler65, C. Botta, D. Brzhechko, M.F. Canelli, R. Del Burgo, J.K.
Heikkilä, M. Huwiler, A. Jofrehei, B. Kilminster, S. Leontsinis, A. Macchiolo,
P. Meiring, V.M. Mikuni, U. Molinatti, I. Neutelings, G. Rauco, A. Reimers, P.
Robmann, K. Schweiger, Y. Takahashi National Central University, Chung-Li,
Taiwan
C. Adloff66, C.M. Kuo, W. Lin, A. Roy, T. Sarkar39, S.S. Yu National Taiwan
University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
L. Ceard, P. Chang, Y. Chao, K.F. Chen, P.H. Chen, W.-S. Hou, Y.y. Li, R.-S.
Lu, E. Paganis, A. Psallidas, A. Steen, E. Yazgan Chulalongkorn University,
Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Bangkok, Thailand
B. Asavapibhop, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, N. Srimanobhas Çukurova University,
Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
F. Boran, S. Damarseckin67, Z.S. Demiroglu, F. Dolek, C. Dozen68, I.
Dumanoglu69, E. Eskut, G. Gokbulut, Y. Guler, E. Gurpinar Guler70, I. Hos71,
C. Isik, E.E. Kangal72, O. Kara, A. Kayis Topaksu, U. Kiminsu, G. Onengut, K.
Ozdemir73, A. Polatoz, A.E. Simsek, B. Tali74, U.G. Tok, S. Turkcapar, I.S.
Zorbakir, C. Zorbilmez Middle East Technical University, Physics Department,
Ankara, Turkey
B. Isildak75, G. Karapinar76, K. Ocalan77, M. Yalvac78 Bogazici University,
Istanbul, Turkey
B. Akgun, I.O. Atakisi, E. Gülmez, M. Kaya79, O. Kaya80, Ö. Özçelik, S.
Tekten81, E.A. Yetkin82 Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Cakir, K. Cankocak69, Y. Komurcu, S. Sen83 Istanbul University, Istanbul,
Turkey
F. Aydogmus Sen, S. Cerci74, B. Kaynak, S. Ozkorucuklu, D. Sunar Cerci74
Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of
Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
B. Grynyov National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and
Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
L. Levchuk University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
E. Bhal, S. Bologna, J.J. Brooke, E. Clement, D. Cussans, H. Flacher, J.
Goldstein, G.P. Heath, H.F. Heath, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, S. Paramesvaran, T.
Sakuma, S. Seif El Nasr-Storey, V.J. Smith, N. Stylianou84, J. Taylor, A.
Titterton Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
K.W. Bell, A. Belyaev85, C. Brew, R.M. Brown, D.J.A. Cockerill, K.V. Ellis, K.
Harder, S. Harper, J. Linacre, K. Manolopoulos, D.M. Newbold, E. Olaiya, D.
Petyt, T. Reis, T. Schuh, C.H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Thea, I.R. Tomalin,
T. Williams Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
R. Bainbridge, P. Bloch, S. Bonomally, J. Borg, S. Breeze, O. Buchmuller, A.
Bundock, V. Cepaitis, G.S. Chahal86, D. Colling, P. Dauncey, G. Davies, M.
Della Negra, G. Fedi, G. Hall, G. Iles, J. Langford, L. Lyons, A.-M. Magnan,
S. Malik, A. Martelli, V. Milosevic, J. Nash87, V. Palladino, M. Pesaresi,
D.M. Raymond, A. Richards, A. Rose, E. Scott, C. Seez, A. Shtipliyski, M.
Stoye, A. Tapper, K. Uchida, T. Virdee22, N. Wardle, S.N. Webb, D.
Winterbottom, A.G. Zecchinelli Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
J.E. Cole, P.R. Hobson, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, C.K. Mackay, I.D. Reid, L.
Teodorescu, S. Zahid Baylor University, Waco, USA
S. Abdullin, A. Brinkerhoff, K. Call, B. Caraway, J. Dittmann, K. Hatakeyama,
A.R. Kanuganti, C. Madrid, B. McMaster, N. Pastika, S. Sawant, C. Smith, J.
Wilson Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
R. Bartek, A. Dominguez, R. Uniyal, A.M. Vargas Hernandez The University of
Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
A. Buccilli, O. Charaf, S.I. Cooper, D. Di Croce, S.V. Gleyzer, C. Henderson,
C.U. Perez, P. Rumerio, C. West Boston University, Boston, USA
A. Akpinar, A. Albert, D. Arcaro, C. Cosby, Z. Demiragli, D. Gastler, J.
Rohlf, K. Salyer, D. Sperka, D. Spitzbart, I. Suarez, S. Yuan, D. Zou Brown
University, Providence, USA
G. Benelli, B. Burkle, X. Coubez23, D. Cutts, Y.t. Duh, M. Hadley, U. Heintz,
J.M. Hogan88, K.H.M. Kwok, E. Laird, G. Landsberg, K.T. Lau, J. Lee, M.
Narain, S. Sagir89, R. Syarif, E. Usai, W.Y. Wong, D. Yu, W. Zhang University
of California, Davis, Davis, USA
R. Band, C. Brainerd, R. Breedon, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M. Chertok,
J. Conway, R. Conway, P.T. Cox, R. Erbacher, C. Flores, G. Funk, F. Jensen, W.
Ko${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$, O. Kukral, R. Lander, M. Mulhearn, D. Pellett,
J. Pilot, M. Shi, D. Taylor, K. Tos, M. Tripathi, Y. Yao, F. Zhang University
of California, Los Angeles, USA
M. Bachtis, R. Cousins, A. Dasgupta, D. Hamilton, J. Hauser, M. Ignatenko,
M.A. Iqbal, T. Lam, N. Mccoll, W.A. Nash, S. Regnard, D. Saltzberg, C.
Schnaible, B. Stone, V. Valuev University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
USA
K. Burt, Y. Chen, R. Clare, J.W. Gary, G. Hanson, G. Karapostoli, O.R. Long,
N. Manganelli, M. Olmedo Negrete, W. Si, S. Wimpenny, Y. Zhang University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
J.G. Branson, P. Chang, S. Cittolin, S. Cooperstein, N. Deelen, J. Duarte, R.
Gerosa, D. Gilbert, V. Krutelyov, J. Letts, M. Masciovecchio, S. May, S.
Padhi, M. Pieri, V. Sharma, M. Tadel, A. Vartak, F. Würthwein, A. Yagil
University of California, Santa Barbara - Department of Physics, Santa
Barbara, USA
N. Amin, C. Campagnari, M. Citron, A. Dorsett, V. Dutta, J. Incandela, M.
Kilpatrick, B. Marsh, H. Mei, A. Ovcharova, H. Qu, M. Quinnan, J. Richman, U.
Sarica, D. Stuart, S. Wang California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
A. Bornheim, O. Cerri, I. Dutta, J.M. Lawhorn, N. Lu, J. Mao, H.B. Newman, J.
Ngadiuba, T.Q. Nguyen, M. Spiropulu, J.R. Vlimant, C. Wang, S. Xie, Z. Zhang,
R.Y. Zhu Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
J. Alison, M.B. Andrews, T. Ferguson, T. Mudholkar, M. Paulini, I. Vorobiev
University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
J.P. Cumalat, W.T. Ford, E. MacDonald, R. Patel, A. Perloff, K. Stenson, K.A.
Ulmer, S.R. Wagner Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
J. Alexander, Y. Cheng, J. Chu, D.J. Cranshaw, A. Datta, A. Frankenthal, K.
Mcdermott, J. Monroy, J.R. Patterson, D. Quach, A. Ryd, W. Sun, S.M. Tan, Z.
Tao, J. Thom, P. Wittich, M. Zientek Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,
Batavia, USA
M. Albrow, M. Alyari, G. Apollinari, A. Apresyan, A. Apyan, S. Banerjee,
L.A.T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, D. Berry, J. Berryhill, P.C. Bhat, K. Burkett,
J.N. Butler, A. Canepa, G.B. Cerati, H.W.K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, M. Cremonesi,
V.D. Elvira, J. Freeman, Z. Gecse, L. Gray, D. Green, S. Grünendahl, O.
Gutsche, R.M. Harris, S. Hasegawa, R. Heller, T.C. Herwig, J. Hirschauer, B.
Jayatilaka, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, P. Klabbers, T. Klijnsma, B.
Klima, M.J. Kortelainen, S. Lammel, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, T. Liu, J. Lykken,
K. Maeshima, D. Mason, P. McBride, P. Merkel, S. Mrenna, S. Nahn, V. O’Dell,
V. Papadimitriou, K. Pedro, C. Pena57, O. Prokofyev, F. Ravera, A. Reinsvold
Hall, L. Ristori, B. Schneider, E. Sexton-Kennedy, N. Smith, A. Soha, W.J.
Spalding, L. Spiegel, S. Stoynev, J. Strait, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N.V. Tran,
L. Uplegger, E.W. Vaandering, H.A. Weber, A. Woodard University of Florida,
Gainesville, USA
D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, L. Cadamuro, V. Cherepanov, F. Errico, R.D.
Field, D. Guerrero, B.M. Joshi, M. Kim, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, K.H. Lo, K.
Matchev, N. Menendez, G. Mitselmakher, D. Rosenzweig, K. Shi, J. Sturdy, J.
Wang, X. Zuo Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
T. Adams, A. Askew, D. Diaz, R. Habibullah, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K.F.
Johnson, R. Khurana, T. Kolberg, G. Martinez, H. Prosper, C. Schiber, R.
Yohay, J. Zhang Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
M.M. Baarmand, S. Butalla, T. Elkafrawy90, M. Hohlmann, R. Kumar Verma, D.
Noonan, M. Rahmani, M. Saunders, F. Yumiceva University of Illinois at Chicago
(UIC), Chicago, USA
M.R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, H. Becerril Gonzalez, R. Cavanaugh, X. Chen, S.
Dittmer, O. Evdokimov, C.E. Gerber, D.A. Hangal, D.J. Hofman, C. Mills, G. Oh,
T. Roy, M.B. Tonjes, N. Varelas, J. Viinikainen, X. Wang, Z. Wu, Z. Ye The
University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
M. Alhusseini, K. Dilsiz91, S. Durgut, R.P. Gandrajula, M. Haytmyradov, V.
Khristenko, O.K. Köseyan, J.-P. Merlo, A. Mestvirishvili92, A. Moeller, J.
Nachtman, H. Ogul93, Y. Onel, F. Ozok94, A. Penzo, C. Snyder, E. Tiras95, J.
Wetzel Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
O. Amram, B. Blumenfeld, L. Corcodilos, M. Eminizer, A.V. Gritsan, S.
Kyriacou, P. Maksimovic, C. Mantilla, J. Roskes, M. Swartz, T.Á. Vámi The
University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
C. Baldenegro Barrera, P. Baringer, A. Bean, A. Bylinkin, T. Isidori, S.
Khalil, J. King, G. Krintiras, A. Kropivnitskaya, C. Lindsey, N. Minafra, M.
Murray, C. Rogan, C. Royon, S. Sanders, E. Schmitz, J.D. Tapia Takaki, Q.
Wang, J. Williams, G. Wilson Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
S. Duric, A. Ivanov, K. Kaadze, D. Kim, Y. Maravin, T. Mitchell, A. Modak, A.
Mohammadi Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
F. Rebassoo, D. Wright University of Maryland, College Park, USA
E. Adams, A. Baden, O. Baron, A. Belloni, S.C. Eno, Y. Feng, N.J. Hadley, S.
Jabeen, G.Y. Jeng, R.G. Kellogg, T. Koeth, A.C. Mignerey, S. Nabili, M.
Seidel, A. Skuja, S.C. Tonwar, L. Wang, K. Wong Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, USA
D. Abercrombie, B. Allen, R. Bi, S. Brandt, W. Busza, I.A. Cali, Y. Chen, M.
D’Alfonso, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, P. Harris, D. Hsu, M. Hu, M.
Klute, D. Kovalskyi, J. Krupa, Y.-J. Lee, P.D. Luckey, B. Maier, A.C. Marini,
C. Mironov, S. Narayanan, X. Niu, C. Paus, D. Rankin, C. Roland, G. Roland, Z.
Shi, G.S.F. Stephans, K. Sumorok, K. Tatar, D. Velicanu, J. Wang, T.W. Wang,
Z. Wang, B. Wyslouch University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
R.M. Chatterjee, A. Evans, P. Hansen, J. Hiltbrand, Sh. Jain, M. Krohn, Y.
Kubota, Z. Lesko, J. Mans, M. Revering, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Schroeder,
N. Strobbe, M.A. Wadud University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA
J.G. Acosta, S. Oliveros University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
K. Bloom, S. Chauhan, D.R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, L. Finco, F. Golf, J.R.
González Fernández, C. Joo, I. Kravchenko, J.E. Siado, G.R.
Snow${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$, W. Tabb, F. Yan State University of New York
at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
G. Agarwal, H. Bandyopadhyay, L. Hay, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, C. McLean,
D. Nguyen, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio Northeastern University, Boston, USA
G. Alverson, E. Barberis, C. Freer, Y. Haddad, A. Hortiangtham, J. Li, G.
Madigan, B. Marzocchi, D.M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L.
Skinnari, A. Tishelman-Charny, T. Wamorkar, B. Wang, A. Wisecarver, D. Wood
Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
S. Bhattacharya, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, A. Gilbert, T. Gunter, K.A. Hahn, N.
Odell, M.H. Schmitt, K. Sung, M. Velasco University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
USA
R. Bucci, N. Dev, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K. Hurtado Anampa, C. Jessop, K.
Lannon, N. Loukas, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, F. Meng, K. Mohrman, Y.
Musienko50, R. Ruchti, P. Siddireddy, M. Wayne, A. Wightman, M. Wolf, L.
Zygala The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
J. Alimena, B. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, L.S. Durkin, B. Francis, C. Hill, A.
Lefeld, B.L. Winer, B.R. Yates Princeton University, Princeton, USA
B. Bonham, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, S.
Higginbotham, A. Kalogeropoulos, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, M.T. Lucchini, J.
Luo, D. Marlow, K. Mei, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, C. Palmer, P. Piroué, D.
Stickland, C. Tully University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, USA
S. Malik, S. Norberg Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
V.E. Barnes, R. Chawla, S. Das, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A.W. Jung, M. Liu, G.
Negro, N. Neumeister, C.C. Peng, S. Piperov, A. Purohit, J.F. Schulte, M.
Stojanovic19, N. Trevisani, F. Wang, A. Wildridge, R. Xiao, W. Xie Purdue
University Northwest, Hammond, USA
J. Dolen, N. Parashar Rice University, Houston, USA
A. Baty, S. Dildick, K.M. Ecklund, S. Freed, F.J.M. Geurts, A. Kumar, W. Li,
B.P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$, J. Rorie, W.
Shi, A.G. Stahl Leiton University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J.L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, T. Ferbel, M.
Galanti, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, E. Ranken, R.
Taus Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
B. Chiarito, J.P. Chou, A. Gandrakota, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hart,
M. Heindl, E. Hughes, S. Kaplan, O. Karacheban26, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R.
Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone,
S.A. Thayil, S. Thomas, H. Wang University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
H. Acharya, A.G. Delannoy, S. Spanier Texas A&M University, College Station,
USA
O. Bouhali96, M. Dalchenko, A. Delgado, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T.
Kamon97, H. Kim, S. Luo, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, D. Overton, L. Perniè, D.
Rathjens, A. Safonov Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, V. Hegde, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane, S.W. Lee, T.
Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, Z. Wang, A.
Whitbeck Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
E. Appelt, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, R. Janjam, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H.
Ni, K. Padeken, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
M.W. Arenton, B. Cox, G. Cummings, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A.
Ledovskoy, A. Li, C. Neu, B. Tannenwald, E. Wolfe Wayne State University,
Detroit, USA
P.E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, P. Thapa University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison,
WI, USA
K. Black, T. Bose, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P.
Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, A. Lanaro, A.
Loeliger, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, D. Pinna, A.
Savin, V. Shang, V. Sharma, W.H. Smith, D. Teague, S. Trembath-Reichert, W.
Vetens †: Deceased
1: Also at Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
2: Also at Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering,
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria,
Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt
3: Also at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
4: Also at IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
5: Also at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
6: Also at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
7: Also at UFMS, Nova Andradina, Brazil
8: Also at Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
9: Also at Nanjing Normal University Department of Physics, Nanjing, China
10: Now at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
11: Also at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
12: Also at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I.
Alikhanov of NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Moscow, Russia
13: Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
14: Also at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
15: Also at Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
16: Now at Zewail City of Science and Technology, Zewail, Egypt
17: Also at Suez University, Suez, Egypt
18: Now at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
19: Also at Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
20: Also at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
21: Also at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
22: Also at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva,
Switzerland
23: Also at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen,
Germany
24: Also at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
25: Also at Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan,
Iran, Isfahan, Iran
26: Also at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
27: Also at Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Moscow, Russia
28: Also at Institute of Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,
Debrecen, Hungary
29: Also at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut,
Egypt
30: Also at Eszterhazy Karoly University, Karoly Robert Campus, Gyongyos,
Hungary
31: Also at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
32: Also at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös
Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
33: Also at Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
34: Also at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India, Bhubaneswar, India
35: Also at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
36: Also at G.H.G. Khalsa College, Punjab, India
37: Also at Shoolini University, Solan, India
38: Also at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
39: Also at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
40: Also at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, India
41: Also at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
42: Also at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
43: Also at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of
Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran
44: Now at INFN Sezione di Bari a, Università di Bari b, Politecnico di Bari
c, Bari, Italy
45: Also at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and
Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy
46: Also at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia,
Catania, Italy
47: Also at Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, NAPOLI, Italy
48: Also at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia, Riga, Latvia
49: Also at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
50: Also at Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
51: Now at National Research Nuclear University ’Moscow Engineering Physics
Institute’ (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
52: Also at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of
Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
53: Also at St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg,
Russia
54: Also at University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
55: Also at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
56: Also at P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
57: Also at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
58: Also at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
59: Also at Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
60: Also at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri
Lanka
61: Also at INFN Sezione di Pavia a, Università di Pavia b, Pavia, Italy,
Pavia, Italy
62: Also at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
63: Also at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
64: Also at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
65: Also at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria,
Vienna, Austria
66: Also at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules,
IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
67: Also at Şırnak University, Sirnak, Turkey
68: Also at Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,
Beijing, China
69: Also at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health
Science, Nicosia, Turkey
70: Also at Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
71: Also at Istanbul Aydin University, Application and Research Center for
Advanced Studies (App. & Res. Cent. for Advanced Studies), Istanbul, Turkey
72: Also at Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
73: Also at Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey
74: Also at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
75: Also at Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
76: Also at Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
77: Also at Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
78: Also at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey, Yozgat, Turkey
79: Also at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
80: Also at Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey
81: Also at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
82: Also at Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
83: Also at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
84: Also at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
85: Also at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton,
Southampton, United Kingdom
86: Also at IPPP Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
87: Also at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia
88: Also at Bethel University, St. Paul, Minneapolis, USA, St. Paul, USA
89: Also at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
90: Also at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
91: Also at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
92: Also at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
93: Also at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
94: Also at Mimar Sinan University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
95: Also at Erciyes University, KAYSERI, Turkey
96: Also at Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
97: Also at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Daegu, Korea