\begin{align*}
\left(\zxct+\add\right)\vdash~~\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{}\tikzfigc{01}\\
\eq{\ref{lem:prod-cos}}\tikzfigc{02}
\end{align*}

\begin{align*}
\beta &= \arccos{\frac{\rho}{2^n}}\qquad
\gamma = \arccos{\frac{1}{2^n}}\\
\beta' &= \arccos{\frac{\rho}{2^n}\cos(\pi/3)}=\arccos{\frac{\rho}{2^{n+1}}}\\
\gamma' &= \arccos{\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}}\\
\end{align*}

For any $n\in\mathbb{N}$, with $\gamma=\arccos{\frac{1}{2^n}}$:

\begin{align*}
\left(\zxct+\add\right)\vdash~~\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{}\tikzfigc{02}
\end{align*}

The green node
[style=gn] (0) at (0,0) $\alpha$;

has an inverse if $\alpha\neq\pi\mod 2\pi$:

\[\tikzfig{gn-alpha-inverse-no-triangle}\]

for $n\geq \log_2\left(\frac{1}{|cos(\alpha/2)|}\right)$ and $\beta = 2\arccos{\frac{1}{2^n\cos(\alpha/2)}}$.

Notice that $\beta$ is well defined if $\alpha\neq\pi\mod 2\pi$. With these values of $n$ and $\beta$, $\cos(\alpha/2)\cos(\beta/2)=\cos(\gamma)$ with $\gamma = \arccos{\frac{1}{2^n}}$. Then:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\picom\\\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\cp\\\ref{lem:k1}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{02}\\
\eq{\ref{lem:prod-cos}}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\id}\tikzfigc{04}
\eq{\cp\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{05}\\
\eq{\ref{cor:arccos-2^-n}}\tikzfigc{06}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{07}
\end{align*}

§.§ Proof of Proposition <ref>

Since we have built the set of rules $\left(\zxct+\add\right)$ upon $\zxct$ which is complete for Clifford+T, we basically just need to prove the result for the ZW-rules in which a parameter (different from $\pm 1$) appears: $1c$, $3b$, $4a$, $4b$ and $6c$. Notice that the rule $0c$ is obvious.

$\bullet$ $1c$:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:prod-cos}}\tikzfigc{02}
\end{align*}

\begin{align*}
n_k=\max\left(0,\left\lceil \log_2(\rho_k)\right\rceil\right)\qquad&\qquad
\beta_k = \arccos{\frac{\rho_k}{2^{n_k}}}\qquad&\qquad
\beta = \arccos{\frac{\rho}{2^n}}\\
\gamma_k = \arccos{\frac{1}{2^{n_k}}}\qquad&\qquad
\gamma = \arccos{\frac{1}{2^n}}
\end{align*}

Notice that $\left\lceil \log_2(\rho_1\rho_2)\right\rceil=\left\lceil \log_2(\rho_1)+\log_2(\rho_2)\right\rceil \leq \left\lceil \log_2(\rho_1)\right\rceil+\left\lceil \log_2(\rho_2)\right\rceil$, so the result might not be precisely the one given by $\left[\tikzfig{white-dot-rho1-rho2}\right]_X$, but it can be patched thanks to lemma <ref>.

$\bullet$ $3b$: corollary <ref>.

$\bullet$ $4a$: suppose $\rho_1\geq\rho_2$, then using lemma <ref> to have the same $n$ on both sides:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{cor:arccos-2^-n}}\tikzfigc{02}\\
\eq{\ref{cor:distribution}\\\ref{cor:arccos-2^-n}}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ref{lem:add-bis}}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

\begin{align*}
\beta_k &= \arccos{\frac{\rho_k}{2^n}}\qquad
\gamma = \arccos{\frac{1}{2^n}}\\
\theta_3 &=\arg(\rho_1e^{i\theta_1}+\rho_2e^{i\theta_2})\\
\lambda &= \arccos{e^{i\theta_1-\theta_3}\cos{\beta_1}+e^{i\theta_2-\theta_3}\cos{\beta_2}}\\
&= \arccos{\frac{\rho_1e^{i\theta_1}+\rho_2e^{i\theta_2}}{e^{i\theta_3}2^n}}
\end{align*}

which is what $\left[\tikzfig{white-dot-rho1-plus-rho2}\right]_X$ gives.

$\bullet$ $4b$:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\cp\\\supp\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\ref{lem:bicolor-0-alpha}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\id\\\cp\\\ref{lem:bicolor-0-alpha}}\tikzfigc{03}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ $6c$: First, using corollary <ref>, for $\gamma = \arccos{\frac{1}{2^n}}$,

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\id}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\cp\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{cor:arccos-2^-n}}\tikzfigc{03}
\end{align*}

then, with:

\begin{align*}
n &=\max\left(0,\left\lceil \log_2(\rho)\right\rceil\right)\\
\beta &= \arccos{\frac{\rho}{2^{n}}}\\
\gamma &= \arccos{\frac{1}{2^{n}}}
\end{align*}

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\cp\\\id}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{03}
\end{align*}

This is enough to show that rule $6c$ stands, because the case $r=1$ has already been treated to show the completeness of $\zx$ for Clifford+T.

§ PARAMETRISED TRIANGLES

§.§ Lemmas

For $2\alpha$ where $\alpha\neq\frac{\pi}{2}\mod\pi$:

\begin{align*}
\zxt\vdash~~
\tikzfigc{00}
\hspace{-1em}\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:k1}\\\cp\\\ref{lem:bicolor-0-alpha}\\\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}\\\picom}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}\\\ref{lem:bicolor-0-alpha}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

Let $r = e^{i\gamma}\tan(\alpha)$. Then:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:gn-inverse}}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{}\tikzfigc{03}\\
\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{04}
\eq{\ref{lem:gn-inverse}}\tikzfigc{05}
\end{align*}

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\cp\\\id\\\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:green-state-pi_2-is-red-state-minus-pi_2}}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\id}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

Thanks to Theorem <ref>, we get:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:distrib-T}
\forall r,a,b\in\mathbb{C},~~~\zxt\vdash ~\tikzfig{distribution-lemma}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:parallel-param-triangles-integer}
\forall (r,n,\theta)\in\mathbb{C}{\times}\mathbb{N}{\times}\mathbb{R},~~~ \zxt\vdash \tikzfig{parallel-param-triangles-integer}
\end{equation}

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:triangle-times-exp}\\\ta}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{Thm~\ref{thm:lin-diag-T}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ta}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

Finally, let $s\in\mathbb{C}$. Then there exist $n\in\mathbb{N}, \theta,\alpha\in\mathbb{R}$ such that $s=n(e^{i\theta}+e^{-i\theta})e^{i\alpha}$. We then deduce:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:triangle-times-exp}\\\ta}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{(\ref{eq:distrib-T})}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{(\ref{eq:parallel-param-triangles-integer})}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ta\\\ref{lem:triangle-times-exp}}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

\[\zxt\vdash\tikzfig{triangle-looping-on-green-state}\]

Let $\alpha\neq \pi/2\mod \pi$ and $\theta$ be such that $r=e^{i\theta}\tan(\alpha)$,

\begin{align*}
\zxt\vdash~~\tikzfigc{00}
\hspace{-1em}\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\bialg}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:green-state-pi_2-is-red-state-minus-pi_2}\\\picom\\\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}}\tikzfigc{03}\\
\eq{\ref{cor:gen-supp}\\\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:hopf}}\tikzfigc{04}
\eq{\ref{cor:big-scalar-equation}}\tikzfigc{05}
\eq{\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{06}
\end{align*}

and thanks to lemma <ref>,
[style=gn] (0) at (0, -0) $2\alpha$;

can be removed on both sides.

\[\zxt\vdash~~\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:parallel-param-triangles}}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:k1}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\cp}\tikzfigc{02}\]

§.§ Proof of Prop. <ref>

First we need to prove $\zxt\vdash D=\left[[D]_W\right]_X$. Nearly all the work was done in proposition <ref> (thanks to proposition <ref>), we just need to check the result for:

$\bullet$ parametrised triangles:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}~~\mapsto~~
\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:black-dot-swappable-outputs}\\\ref{lem:C2-gen}}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\id}\tikzfigc{04}
\eq{\ref{lem:triangle-looping}}\tikzfigc{05}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ Hadamard: Here the problem relies on the scalars. First:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\hspace{-1em}\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}}\tikzfigc{01}
\hspace{-1em}\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:red-state-on-upside-down-triangle}\\\ref{lem:pi-red-state-on-triangle}\\\ta}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:param-triangle-scalar-product}\\\ref{lem:2-is-sqrt2-squared}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ref{lem:pi-red-state-on-triangle}}\tikzfigc{04}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{05}
\end{align*}

Then, using $\tan(\pi/8)=\sqrt{2}-1$:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\ref{lem:param-triangle-scalar-product}}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:pi-red-state-on-triangle}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\id\\\ref{lem:green-state-pi_2-is-red-state-minus-pi_2}\\\picom\\\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}}\tikzfigc{04}\\
\eq{\ref{cor:big-scalar-equation}\\\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}}\tikzfigc{05}
\hspace{-1em}\eq{}\tikzfigc{06}
\eq{\ref{lem:multiplying-global-phases}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{07}
\end{align*}

Again, the $\frac{\pi}{4}$-green node can be removed thanks to Lemma <ref>. Finally:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\id}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

Then we need to show $\zw\vdash D_1=D_2 \implies \zxt\vdash [D_1]_X=[D_2]_X$, and again, most of the work has already been done. We only need to prove it for rules $1c$, $2b$, $2c$, $3b$, $4a$, $4b$ and $6c$.

$\bullet$ $1c$: Using <ref>,

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:inverse}\\\cp}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:parallel-param-triangles}}\tikzfigc{03}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ $2b$:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:red-state-on-upside-down-triangle}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\id\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{03}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ $2c$:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:red-state-on-upside-down-triangle}\\\ref{lem:inverse}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:h-loop}}\tikzfigc{03}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ $3b$ is directly given by lemma <ref>.

$\bullet$ $4a$:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:C2-gen}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\cp\\\ref{lem:red-state-on-upside-down-triangle}\\\id}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\ta}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ $4b$: using $\tan(0)=0$,

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}~~\mapsto~~\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\ref{lem:param-triangle-0}}\tikzfigc{04}
\end{align*}

$\bullet$ $6c$: again, it can be reduced to showing:

\begin{align*}
\tikzfigc{00}
\eq{\td}\tikzfigc{01}
\eq{\cp\\\ref{lem:bicolor-0-alpha}}\tikzfigc{02}
\eq{\ref{lem:green-state-pi_2-is-red-state-minus-pi_2}}\tikzfigc{03}
\eq{\cp\\\ref{lem:bicolor-0-alpha}}\tikzfigc{04}
\implies\tikzfigc{05}=\tikzfigc{06}
\end{align*}

[style=gn] (0) at (0, -0) $2\alpha$;

can be removed on both sides (Lemma <ref>). The rule $6c$ for $r=1$ has been shown for Clifford+T.


11institutetext: Process and Data Science Group (PADS), RWTH Aachen
University, Germany 22institutetext: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Institute for
Applied Information Technology (FIT),
Sankt Augustin, Germany

# An Event Data Extraction Approach from SAP ERP for Process Mining

Alessandro Berti 1122 Gyunam Park 11 Majid Rafiei 11 Wil van der Aalst 1122

###### Abstract

The extraction, transformation, and loading of event logs from information
systems is the first and the most expensive step in process mining. In
particular, extracting event logs from popular ERP systems such as SAP poses
major challenges, given the size and the structure of the data. Open-source
support for ETL is scarce, while commercial process mining vendors maintain
connectors to ERP systems supporting ETL of a limited number of business
processes in an ad-hoc manner. In this paper, we propose an approach to
facilitate event data extraction from SAP ERP systems. In the proposed
approach, we store event data in the format of object-centric event logs that
efficiently describe executions of business processes supported by ERP
systems. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach, we have
developed a tool implementing it and conducted case studies with a real-life
SAP ERP system.

###### Keywords:

SAP ETL Process Mining Object-Centric Event Logs

##  1 Introduction

Process mining is a branch of data science including techniques to discover
process models from event data, so-called process discovery, check the
compliance of data against the process models, so-called conformance checking,
and enhance process models with constraints/information coming from the event
logs, so-called enhancement. Such techniques have been adopted by various
domains, including healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics. The first step of
applying the techniques is to extract event logs from the target information
systems, e.g., Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. This usually
requires a connection to the database(s) supporting the information system.
Afterward, the extracted event log undergoes pre-processing steps to resolve
various data quality issues, including incomplete information, noise, etc.
These steps are usually called ETL (Extraction, Transformation, and Load). The
ETL phase is usually the most time-consuming part of a process mining project
[12].

ERP systems contain valuable data based on which process mining techniques
provide insights regarding the underlying real-life business processes. In
particular, the SAP ERP system has a significant share in the ERP market
(22.5% in 2017, Gartner). Extracting data from an SAP ERP system is
particularly challenging as it involves many different tables/objects. Due to
its complexity, support to extracting event data from the SAP ERP system has
only been limited to commercial vendors, e.g., Celonis and ProcessGold, which
requires extensive interaction with domain experts. Moreover, the logs
extracted by such extractors suffer from convergence/divergence problems [1].
This is due to the necessity to specify a _case notion_. A case notion is a
criteria to group events that belongs to the same execution of a business
process. In ERP systems, different case notions can be used for the same data.
For example, in a procure-to-pay process, we could specify as case notion the
order, the single item of the order, the delivery, the invoice, or the
payment.

This paper proposes a novel approach to guide and ease the extraction of event
logs from SAP ERP. The approach consists of two phases, i.e., 1) building
graph of relations and 2) extracting object-centric event logs. We propose to
use Object-Centric Event Logs (OCEL) as intermediate storage to collect the
events extracted from different tables. OCEL does not require the
specification of a case notion. Therefore, it provides flexible and
comprehensive event data extraction. OCEL can be used with Object-Centric
Process Mining (OCPM) techniques or flattened to traditional event logs by
selecting a case notion out of objects. The proposed approach has been
implemented as a prototypical extractor and evaluated using an SAP ERP system.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents some
background knowledge. Section 3 presents the proposed approach. Section 4
presents a prototypal software implementing the ideas proposed in this paper.
Section 5 evaluates the processes extracted by the prototypal software on top
of an educational SAP instance. Section 6 presents the related work on
extracting and analyzing event logs from SAP.

##  2 Background

This section presents some background knowledge on OCEL,
convergence/divergence problems, and SAP systems.

###  2.1 Object-Centric Event Logs

Traditional event logs in process mining have events associated with a single
case/process execution. These event logs, extracted from information systems,
suffer from convergence/divergence problems [1]. We have a _convergence_
problem when the same event is duplicated among different instances. This
happens, for example, in an order-to-cash process, when _item_ is considered
as the case notion, and an event of order creation can be associated with
several items. We have a _divergence_ problem when several instances of the
same activity happen in a case while not being causally related. This happens,
for example, in an order-to-cash process, when _order_ is considered as the
case notion, and several instances of the same item-related activity are
contained in the same order.

OCEL relax the assumption that an event is associated with a single case.
Instead, in an OCEL an event can be related to several objects, where every
object is associated with a type. This results in a more natural way to
extract event data from a modern information system. For example, in ERP
systems, the event of order creation can currently involve an order document
and several items. This resolves the convergence problem (since we do not need
to duplicate the events anymore) and the divergence problems (since activities
related to items of an order are not associated with the case of the general
order).

Recently, the OCEL standard111http://www.ocel-standard.org/ has been proposed
as the mainstream format for storing object-centric event logs [5]. The format
is supported by different implementations and libraries in various programming
languages, e.g., Java (ProM framework) and Python. OCEL can be used to
discover object-centric process models [2, 3], which describe the lifecycle of
different object types and their interactions. Moreover, conformance checking
can be done on multiple object types [2].

###  2.2 SAP: Entities and Relationships

Figure 1: Core entities of SAP ERP systems in UML 2.0 class diagram

In a broader sense, SAP ERP can be seen as a document management system.
Therefore the concept of _document_ is particularly important. Fig. 1
introduces the document and its relevant entities and relationships among
them, using UML 2.0 class diagram. First, a document represents a core
business object, including orders, deliveries, and payments. Each document
contains a _master item_ and _detail items_. For instance, a delivery document
contains a delivery master item, corresponding to an order, and multiple
delivery detail items, corresponding to materials in the order. A master table
is a collection of the same type of master items, whereas a detail table is a
collection of the same type of detail items. For instance, EKKO as a master
table contains purchase order master items. EKPO as a detail table contains
purchase orders detail items.

Both master and detail items contain a various number of _attribute values_ ,
e.g., the total cost of a document or the cost of a single item. Each
attribute belongs to a domain that encodes the type of information reported by
the attribute, e.g., creation date and posting date of a document share the
same domain because they are both dates.

##  3 Extracting Event Data from SAP ERP: Approach

Figure 2 describes an overview of our proposed approach to extract OCEL from
SAP ERP systems. It consists of two phases: 1) building Graph of Relations
(GoR) and 2) extracting OCEL. The former aims to construct a graph that
describes all relevant tables of a business process. There are well-known
business processes in SAP ERP, e.g., Purchase to Pay (P2P) and Order to Cash
(O2C). For such business processes, target tables, where we extract event data
regarding the process, are already known, e.g., EKKO, RBKP, EKBE for P2P and
VBAK, BKPF for O2C. However, most business processes in an organization are
mostly unknown and, thus, require the identification of relevant tables.

Based on the GoR, we extract OCEL by connecting them to the underlying
database of SAP ERP systems. To this end, we first preprocess records of
tables described in the GoR. Next, we define activity concepts relevant to the
target business process using the relevant tables. Finally, based on the
activity concept, we extract event data from the relevant tables.

Figure 2: Overview of extracting object-centric event logs from SAP ERP
systems Figure 3: Conceptual model of Graph of Relations (GoRs)

###  3.1 Building Graphs of Relations

Figure 3 shows the conceptual model of three GoRs, each of which corresponds
to a business process. A GoR is an undirected connected graph where the nodes
are SAP tables containing the potentially interesting information and the
edges show a relation among two tables based on a joint field/column. The node
in the center of a GoR is a master table that is most relevant to the target
process. The distance of each node from the master table shows the relevancy
of the information contained in the corresponding table to the tables of
interest and consequently to the corresponding type of process. Different
colors in a GoR indicate different classes of tables. Each class has a unique
way of defining activity concepts. As a result, different GoRs may be
connected to each other. Below are the steps to construct GoRs:

####  3.1.1 Selecting Master Tables

A GoR is built upon a master table relevant to a business process to analyze.
In this work, we consider relevant master tables as users’ input.

####  3.1.2 Identifying Relevant Tables

Based on the given master table, we need to identify relevant tables to the
master tables. Such tables become the candidates for constructing the GoR.
Three different main approaches may be taken: manual, automatic, and hybrid.

  * •

In the manual approach, the identification is conducted by domain experts who
understand business processes and the technical details of SAP systems. In
addition, the domain expert may provide a data schema to explain the entities
and relationships among them.

  * •

In the automatic approach, the identification is made automatically by
exploiting existing information in the system. For instance, using the table
DD03VV, one can extract the relationships between the tables.

  * •

Finally, the hybrid approach exploits both manual and automated techniques.
For instance, the data schema from domain experts can provide an initial set
of relevant tables, which will be improved by including more relevant tables
with the help of automatically generated relationships.

####  3.1.3 Classifying Tables

The last step is the classification of the identified tables into different
classes. In the following, we describe five different classes.

  * •

A _flow table_ describes the status of objects that compose the target
business process. It explains the creation, deletion, and update of such
objects, e.g., VBFA explains the status of objects that are associated with
the Order-to-Cash (O2C) process.

  * •

A _transaction table_ describes the execution of transactions (TCODE) in SAP
systems.

  * •

A _change table_ describes the changes in objects of the target business
process, e.g., CDHDR and CDPOS are primary change tables.

  * •

A _record table_ stores relevant attributes of objects of the target business
process, e.g., the table EKKO contains the relevant attributes of purchase
order documents.

  * •

A _detail table_ stores the relationships between different entities, e.g.,
the table EKPO stores the connection between purchase requisitions and
purchase orders.

###  3.2 Extracting Object-Centric Event Logs

In this subsection, we explain how OCEL are extracted using GoRs. The
extraction consists of four main steps; pre-processing, defining activity
concept, defining object types and connecting entries.

####  3.2.1 Pre-processing

SAP tables contain a lot of data related to different companies or groups in
the same company (multi-tenant system). Moreover, when invoicing/accounting
tables are considered, documents are organized by their fiscal year. A pre-
processing step must be performed to extract an event log of reasonable size,
containing the desired behavior and a coherent set of information since
document identifiers can be replicated across different organizations. To this
end, the union of all the fields in the primary keys of the tables is
considered, and for some of them, a filtering query is executed, e.g., on a
specific company code or a specific fiscal year.

####  3.2.2 Defining Object Types

During the extraction, the entries of the master tables are transformed into
events, having the columns as event attributes. Moreover, the values of all
the columns except the dates and the numbers become objects of the object type
given by the column’s name.

####  3.2.3 Defining Activity Concept

To extract event data from GoRs, we take a divide-and-conquer approach. We
first extract event data from each table and then combine them. The first step
of extracting event data from each table is to define the activity concept. In
the following, we explain how the activity is defined in each class of tables.

  * •

Each row in flow tables contains a current document number, a previous
document number, the type of the current document, and the type of the
previous document. For instance, considering VBELN as the domain, VBELN,
VBELV, VBTYP_N, and VBTYP_V in the VBFA table contain respectively the current
document number, the previous document number and the current and previous
document types. We define activities as the type of the current documents,
i.e., the value in VBTYP_N.

  * •

Each row in transaction tables contains a transaction code. We transform the
transaction code into human-readable formats using the TSTCT table, e.g., VA02
is transformed to Change Order, which becomes the activity name.

  * •

Each row in record tables describes the properties of an object. All the rows
of the record tables are associated with the same activity, e.g., _Create
document […]_ for all the rows in EKKO.

  * •

For change tables, we suggest three approaches: (1) Transaction codes used for
changes are transformed into activities, (2) Fields, updated after changes,
are converted into activities, e.g., Price Changed, and (3) We consider both
old and new fields’ values and define activities, e.g., Postpone Delivery, by
comparing old and new values of delivery dates.

####  3.2.4 Connecting Entries

In this step, the information of the detail tables is used to enrich events.
For example, if an entry of the table RSEG, containing detailed information
about invoices, associates an invoice identifier with an order identifier,
every event associated with the invoice identifier is also associated with the
order identifier in the subsequent step.

##  4 Extracting Event Data from SAP ERP: Tool

We implemented a tool in the Python3 language, available in the Github
repository; https://github.com/Javert899/sap-extractor. The tool is available
as a web application implemented using the Flask framework and can be launched
with the command; _python main.py_. The web application can be accessed at the
address; http://localhost:5000/new_extractor.html. First, the extractor asks
the parameters of connection to the database supporting the SAP ERP instance.
Then, it provides both a list of object classes contained in the database and
a list of pre-configured sets of tables related to the mainstream processes.
The next step is the construction of the GoR, which permits extending the set
of tables. The following step is about pre-providing the values for the
primary keys of the included tables, e.g., the client used during the
connection and the fiscal year. After this step, the identification of the
type of tables and the extraction occurs, which permits obtaining an OCEL,
that can be flattened to a traditional event log or analyzed using object-
centric techniques such as the ones provided in
https://github.com/Javert899/sap-extractor.

Figure 4: A GoR built on our SAP IDES instance on the P2P process. Detail
tables are colored by green, RKPF that is an additional record tables is
colored by pink, and RBKP and BKPF that are additional transaction tables are
colored by yellow.

##  5 Assessment

This section proposes an assessment of the proposed techniques on top of an
SAP ERP IDES system. In particular, we will target the extraction of the well-
known Purchase to Pay (P2P) system. A P2P process involves different steps
including approval of a purchase requisition, placement of a purchase order,
invoicing from a supplier, and payment. Therefore, it involves different
tables in the SAP system.

###  5.1 Building a Graph of Relations

####  5.1.1 Selecting Master Tables

The first step in the tool is selecting a candidate table related to the
process. In this case, we start from EKKO that is one of the main tables in
the P2P process and contains the master information. In building the GoR,
represented in Fig. 4, several other tables that are connected to EKKO are
found. Given the vast number of tables contained in SAP, we applied a simple
filtering based on the number of entries in each table to show the main nodes
in the GoR.

####  5.1.2 Identifying Relevant Tables

Figure 4 shows other tables containing event data meaningful to extract an
event log for the P2P222Including EKBE, containing goods/invoice receipts,
BSEG, containing detail table for payments, RSEG, containing detail data for
invoices, RKPF, including inventory management data, EKPO, containing the
detailed information about the purchase orders, EKPA, containing the partner
roles in purchasing, and EKET, containing the scheduling agreement. We can see
that the EBAN table, containing purchase requisition data, has not been
included because of the filtering applied on the number of entries. However,
it would be found by the method if the threshold is set to a lower value so
that we will include it in the following steps.. The user needs to specify the
tables to include along with the original set of tables. The GoR is therefore
updated333The set of tables to extract include: EKKO, EKPO, EKPA, EKET, EKBE,
BSEG, BKPF, RSEG, RBKP, RKPF, RESB, EBAN.. In our implementation, the master
tables related to the detail tables are automatically included in the
set444This means that BKPF, the master table of BSEG, containing the master
data about the payments, and RBKP, the master table of RSEG, containing the
master data about the invoices, are included..

####  5.1.3 Classifying Tables

The tool needs to categorize the tables in the set between master tables and
detail tables, as the master tables contain event data, while detail tables
contain the connection between different entities:

  * •

Some tables are recognized as transactions tables: _RBKP_ (containing the
transactions related to the invoices) and _BKPF_ (containing the transaction
related to the payments).

  * •

Some tables are recognized as record tables: _EBAN_ (in which a record is a
purchase requisition), _EKKO_ (in which a record is an order document), and
_RKPF_ (in which a record is a reservation).

  * •

Some tables are recognised as detail tables: _EKPO_ , _EKPA_ , _EKET_ , _EKBE_
, _BSEG_ , _RSEG_ , _RESB_ 555Because their primary key is contained in the
primary key of _EKKO_ (for EKPO, EKPA, EKET, EKBE), _BKPF_ , _RBKP_ and _RKPF_
respectively..

###  5.2 Extracting Object-Centric Event Logs

In this section, we will explain the main steps of the log extraction process,
including the definition of the object types and the activity concept for the
extraction, and the connection between the entries given the information of
the detail tables. Since we did not perform a pre-processing step, we will not
assess the step here.

####  5.2.1 Defining Object Types

Starting from the choices on the GoR and the identification of the type of
tables, it is possible to extract different object types, including _BANFN-
BANFN_ (purchase requisition), _INFNR-INFNR_ (purchasing record), _EBELN-
EBELN_ (purchase order), _BELNR-RE_BELRN_ (the invoice number), _BELNR-
BELNR_D_ (the payment number), and _AWKEY-AWKEY_ (a generic object type
containing the ID of the object in SAP).

####  5.2.2 Defining Activity Concept

The activity concept is defined as follows:

  * •

For the record tables, a unique activity is defined for all the events, that
is _Create document (TABNAME)_ (where TABNAME is the name of the corresponding
record table, so it can be EBAN/EKKO/RKPF).

  * •

For the transaction tables, the activity is given by the transaction
code666Using the description of the transaction contained in the table TSTCT..
Mainstream transactions occurring are _Enter incoming invoice_ , _Enter
incoming payment_ , _Enter outgoing payment_.

####  5.2.3 Connecting Entries

The detail tables are used to enrich the entries extracted from the master
tables as follows:

  * •

_BSEG_ provides a connection from the payments to the purchase order items.

  * •

_RSEG_ connects the invoices to the purchase order items.

  * •

_EKPO_ provides a connection of the purchase order items to the corresponding
purchase requisition.

  * •

_EKPA_ and _EKET_ contain detailed information that does not provide
meaningful links to other tables in the set. _EKBE_ is a peculiar type of
detail table, as it contains the information about goods/invoice receipts, so
it could be seen as a master table. Still, it also links the purchase order
items with the invoices through the goods/invoice receipts.

##  6 Related Work

This section presents the related work on data extraction from ERP systems for
process mining purposes.

####  6.0.1 Data Extraction and Pre-Processing from SAP ERP

In [6], an approach to extract traditional event logs from SAP ERP is
proposed. The set of relevant business objects is identified, and the related
tables and their relations are identified. A limitation is that the
construction of the document flow is manual. In [7], the authors address the
pre-processing challenges to extract event logs from SAP ERP by using tools
such as EVS Model Builder. In [4], an ontology-driven approach for the
extraction of event logs from relational databases is proposed, in which the
user can express semantic queries which are then translated to relational
queries. In [8], the effects of some decisions on the quality of the resulting
event log are analyzed. In particular, the context of event log extraction
from ERP system is considered.

####  6.0.2 Artifact-centric Models on ERP systems

In [10], an approach to discover artifact-centric models from ERP systems is
proposed. The approach is split into two main parts: 1) identifying a set of
artifacts, extracting a traditional event log, and a model of its lifecycle;
2) discovering the interactions between artifacts. The set of tables to
extract needs to be decided by the user and the specification of the activity
concepts is not described in this work.

In [9], object-centric event logs (in the XOC format) are extracted from the
Dollibar ERP system. These logs have been used to generate an object-centric
behavioral constraints (OCBC) model. However, OCBC/XOC are not scalable.

####  6.0.3 OpenSLEX Meta-Models

In [11], a meta-model is proposed to ease the extraction of process mining
event logs from information systems supported by relational databases. The
instances of the OpenSLEX meta-model can be built from different types of
database logs (redo logs, SAP change tables). Hence, the meta-model is generic
and not tailored to the peculiar features of an SAP ERP system. The main
problem is that the extraction of an event log requires a case notion’s
specification, which leads to convergence/divergence problems.

####  6.0.4 Enterprise-Grade Connectors

Several commercial vendors of process mining solutions offer enterprise-grade
connectors to SAP, that are able to ingest and process millions of events.
Notable examples in the current landscape are
Celonis777https://www.celonis.com/solutions/systems/sap,
Signavio888https://www.signavio.com/products/process-intelligence/,
LANA999https://lanalabs.com/en/migration-to-sap-s-4-hana-with-lana/,
UIPath101010https://docs.uipath.com/process-mining/docs/introduction-to-sap-
connector.

##  7 Conclusion

In this paper, we proposed a generic approach to extract event logs from SAP
ERP, which exploits the relationships between tables in SAP to build Graphs of
Relations (GoRs) and obtains Object-Centric Event Logs (OCEL) using GoRs.
Figure 2 summarizes our approach. By storing extracted event data into OCEL,
we permit the specification of multiple case notions, avoiding the
convergence/divergence problems and simplifying the extraction process. An
open-source tool implementing the approach and a case study on an educational
SAP instance have been presented, showing the feasibility of identifying the
relationships between different tables of the P2P process and extracting
corresponding OCEL. As future work, we plan to deploy our approach on
different instances of SAP systems running in real businesses to explore the
connection between GoRs and underlying processes and to discover unknown
processes. Moreover, we should further assess how good the extraction of a
typical SAP process is in comparison to commercial-grade extractors.

## References

  * [1] van der Aalst, W.M.: Object-centric process mining: Dealing with divergence and convergence in event data. In: International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods. pp. 3–25. Springer (2019)
  * [2] van der Aalst, W.M., Berti, A.: Discovering object-centric Petri nets. Fundamenta Informaticae 175(1-4), 1–40 (2020)
  * [3] Berti, A., van der Aalst, W.M.: Extracting multiple viewpoint models from relational databases. In: 8th International Symposium on Data-Driven Process Discovery and Analysis (SIMPDA). pp. 24–51. Springer International Publishing (2018)
  * [4] Calvanese, D., Montali, M., Syamsiyah, A., van der Aalst, W.M.P.: Ontology-driven extraction of event logs from relational databases. In: Reichert, M., Reijers, H.A. (eds.) Business Process Management Workshops - BPM 2015, 13th International Workshops, Innsbruck, Austria, August 31 - September 3, 2015, Revised Papers. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 256, pp. 140–153. Springer (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42887-1_12, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42887-1\\_12
  * [5] Ghahfarokhi, A.F., Park, G., Berti, A., van der Aalst, W.M.P.: OCEL: A standard for object-centric event logs. In: Bellatreche, L., Dumas, M., Karras, P., Matulevicius, R., Awad, A., Weidlich, M., Ivanovic, M., Hartig, O. (eds.) New Trends in Database and Information Systems. vol. 1450, pp. 169–175. Springer (2021)
  * [6] van Giessel, M.: Process mining in sap r/3: A method for applying process mining to sap r/3. Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (2004)
  * [7] Ingvaldsen, J.E., Gulla, J.A.: Preprocessing support for large scale process mining of sap transactions. In: International Conference on Business process management. pp. 30–41. Springer (2007)
  * [8] Jans, M., Soffer, P.: From relational database to event log: Decisions with quality impact. In: Teniente, E., Weidlich, M. (eds.) Business Process Management Workshops - BPM 2017 International Workshops, Barcelona, Spain, September 10-11, 2017, Revised Papers. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 308, pp. 588–599. Springer (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74030-0_46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74030-0\\_46
  * [9] Li, G., de Murillas, E.G.L., de Carvalho, R.M., van der Aalst, W.M.: Extracting object-centric event logs to support process mining on databases. In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. pp. 182–199. Springer (2018)
  * [10] Lu, X., Nagelkerke, M., Van De Wiel, D., Fahland, D.: Discovering interacting artifacts from ERP systems. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 8(6), 861–873 (2015)
  * [11] de Murillas, E.G.L., van der Aalst, W.M., Reijers, H.A.: Process mining on databases: Unearthing historical data from redo logs. In: International Conference on Business Process Management. pp. 367–385. Springer (2016)
  * [12] Van Eck, M.L., Lu, X., Leemans, S.J., van der Aalst, W.M.: Pm2: a process mining project methodology. In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. pp. 297–313. Springer (2015)


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|  This is a great concept and fun to play. | 0.93
|  It is these moments that make the game so much fun to play. | 0.93
|  The game is well constructed, holds his interest and in his words I really like to play it. | 0.92
|  We all enjoy playing this together. | 0.92
|  The game is lots of fun and makes you think strategically. | 0.92
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00005QT9O.jpg |  This is one of my favorite movies, and no Christmas is complete without this. | 1.48
---|---|---
2-3 |  Le Père Noël Est Une Ordure is one of my favorite movies OF ALL TIME, and my very favorite Christmas movie! | 0.93
|  This is my favorite Christmas movie! | 0.93
|  This is my favorite Holiday movie. | 0.91
|  Our favorite Christmas movie ever! | 0.9
|  This is our favorite holiday movie! | 0.9
|  One of my favorite Christmas movies… | 0.89
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/1402241372.jpg |  This is an excellent story - a very engaging read. | 1.56
---|---|---
2-3 |  Well written and a great read. | 0.95
|  This was fantastically refreshing read! | 0.94
|  All in all, a very satisfying book! | 0.93
|  A very engaging story and great characters | 0.91
|  I enjoyed this book very much! | 0.91
|  I thoroughly enjoyed this book. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B001196MG0.jpg |  Looks very good and is packaged very well. | 1.5
---|---|---
2-3 |  And it ships well, and holds up well under use. | 0.94
|  The actual product is quite good. | 0.92
|  Arrived in great time and was very well packaged. | 0.91
|  Excellent quality and versatility. | 0.9
|  I like it because it is of great quality, and it is consistent. | 0.9
|  Over all This seems to make a good screen. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B007R3AZNK.jpg |  I loved the music and his performance was amazing. | 1.49
---|---|---
2-3 |  The guy is a great musician and really shows that on this CD. | 0.91
|  My husband and I love the music this man plays. | 0.91
|  The talent of these musicians is so great. | 0.89
|  It is such a joy to listen to him play! | 0.89
|  great songs and great musicians! | 0.89
|  Joe does a great job bringing the tunes to life and filling them with feeling and soul. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0451414047.jpg |  I truly enjoyed the book-it is a great tribute to Selena and I feel her fans will love it. | 1.52
---|---|---
2-3 |  I truly enjoyed reading this book and I recommend it to anyone who’s a Selena fan. | 0.94
|  Thank you Chris for writing this and sharing to her fans just how much she of a truly amazing person she was and forever will be. | 0.91
|  This book was so great I love selena and I will read this book over and over again because i get to hear more about selena | 0.9
|  Anyone who loves Selena (and yes, I use present tense) will love this book…thank you so much, Chris. | 0.9
|  Anyone who is a true fan of Selena’s will treasure this because as you’re reading, it’s like she’s alive again. | 0.9
|  It’s really a great book and I feel so much closer to Chris and Selena after reading this. | 0.89
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000ANVPP6.jpg |  This is one of John Wayne’s best movies !!!! | 1.51
---|---|---
2-3 |  Excellent movie - perhaps one of the best Wayne has acted in, in my opinion. | 0.93
|  this is a really good john wayne movie. | 0.91
|  This is the best movie John Wayne ever made. | 0.9
|  one of his better movies.. would day this is very good movie for any John Wayne fan.. | 0.9
|  This is one of John Wayne’s better movies. | 0.87
|  John Wayne is one of my favorite actors. | 0.86
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00092KD9C.jpg |  This is a very comfortable strap and is constructed very well. | 1.62
---|---|---
2-3 |  The strap is very comfortable to wear. | 0.95
|  Most importantly it is very comfortable. | 0.95
|  They both are extremely comfortable and secure. | 0.94
|  This strap is well made, super comfortable, and appears to be very strong. | 0.94
|  Very comfortable and is highly recommended! | 0.92
|  Either way, this strap is well made and does the job. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0790731886.jpg |  this has to be one of my favorite movies ever made , way too funny. | 1.5
---|---|---
2-3 |  This is one of my all time favorite movie really fun. | 0.92
|  One of my favorite all time movies! | 0.89
|  We loved Arthur when it first came into the movies, and it is still one of the funniest movies there is. | 0.88
|  a great classic comedy movie and i like it alot | 0.87
|  This movie is still one of the funniest movies ever and with the most memorable, repeatable lines. | 0.87
|  My all-time favorite comedy movie. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B008MPKAPK.jpg |  Excellent small radio with great sound. | 1.67
---|---|---
2-3 |  Great sound for a small radio. | 0.97
|  It has a really good sound for a small radio. | 0.96
|  Great reception for such a small radio. | 0.95
|  Hello this is a very nice small radio but has great sound to it. | 0.92
|  This radio is small and works well. | 0.92
|  This is what it claims, a small radio that works pretty well. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B003RHZ66Q.jpg |  A Fashion Fairy Tale is another delightful, entertaining Barbie movie that I highly recommend for the whole family. | 1.55
---|---|---
2-3 |  I have a daycare home and all of the children love Barbie, this is a very good movie. | 0.9
|  Ok, I like all the Barbie Movies, but this one is special, absolutely my favorite! | 0.89
|  Barbie: A fashion fairytale is a fun movie with awesome animation, music and a great voice cast! | 0.88
|  My daughter LOVES Barbie movies, so of course this one was on her Christmas list! | 0.88
|  She loved the idea that fashion design is actually a career, and the DVD extras included an interview with a real fashion designer that works on Barbie. | 0.88
|  we love Barbie especially the ones that have Kelly Sheridan! | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B001NESPHC.jpg |  Melody Gardot has a great voice and I love many of the songs. | 1.48
---|---|---
2-3 |  Melody has very good melodies for these songs and she sings them beautifully. | 0.94
|  Her song-writing abilities are fantastic and bring a lot of depth to the songs. | 0.92
|  Her voice is incredible, the lyrics are fantastic. | 0.92
|  One of the great things about Gardot is also the fact that she can and does SING her songs. | 0.91
|  I am a fan of the standards, and her voice is fabulous. | 0.89
|  Melody’s voice and lyrics are stunning. | 0.89
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000OG88NQ.jpg |  They have good sound quality and were very easy to set up. | 1.66
---|---|---
2-3 |  On a positive note returning the speakers was easy. | 0.92
|  The sound is clean and the center works very well. | 0.91
|  This inexpensive unit did the job perfectly. | 0.89
|  Decent sound, stylish design, small size made this an easy choice. | 0.88
|  These little speakers are perfect, very cute and produce clear sound and we couldn’t be happier with our purchases. | 0.87
|  It works and the sound quality is good. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00NAPJ8DM.jpg |  They work great with the Lego’s we already have. | 1.51
---|---|---
2-3 |  They are great quality and work with Lego brand! | 0.92
|  It works just like of the Legos. | 0.92
|  The ones that do fit together work fine with all Legos and are just like legos. | 0.92
|  And they do work fine with Lego brand, so it’s a great way to expand your collection. | 0.92
|  Almost as good as Lego’s and seems to be quite compatible with them. | 0.91
|  Pieces were high quality and Fit fine with Lego. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0761165975.jpg |  It is a great tool for helping to plan your wedding. | 1.58
---|---|---
2-3 |  Was a great help in planning my wedding! | 0.94
|  This came in SO handy for planning my wedding! | 0.93
|  It helps you decide what type of wedding and provides great suggestions. | 0.92
|  But all in all, I think this was a great way to get a feel for planning a wedding. | 0.92
|  The planner / organizer is very thorough and will be helpful to see from the bride’s perspective about planning a wedding. | 0.91
|  Very useful tool for wedding planners | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0062065254.jpg |  As I got in to the book, I found the people interesting, the characters believable and genuinely liked the book. | 1.45
---|---|---
2-3 |  I liked the descriptions and thought the novel was very believable. | 0.92
|  Our book club really enjoyed the discussion. | 0.9
|  My book club picked this book and really enjoyed it. | 0.9
|  Love this book, love this author, she can really engage the reader and bring us into a world most of us are not privy to. | 0.88
|  The writer’s style was easy to read and kept me interested. | 0.87
|  This was a local bookclub selection and I really enjoyed the story. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B004BFVKSQ.jpg |  my girl like it and i like it sooooo much, the quality is excellent, very nice doll i want to buy more of it | 1.62
---|---|---
2-3 |  She is a beautiful doll that will bring a lot of joy to the girl who receives this. | 0.91
|  Great size, cute box, love the accessories my little niece will be so happy!! | 0.9
|  The doll is very cute and seems to be fun for my granddaughter. | 0.88
|  My daughter loves this Punzel doll! | 0.87
|  My granddaughter loves this doll. | 0.87
|  This doll was nicely packaged and an immediate favorite! | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000L212HC.jpg |  This is a fantastic movie with great acting. | 1.57
---|---|---
2-3 |  What a great movie, what an awesome cast! | 0.96
|  This is a great movie with terrific acting and a compelling plot. | 0.95
|  A wonderful and well acted movie. | 0.94
|  Great story line and fantastic acting. | 0.92
|  It’s a good movie with a lot of stars, a very good script and an rare end. | 0.92
|  The film was well done, very creative and well acted. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000002KHF.jpg |  I love Van Morrison and this CD along with Astral Weeks is his best work by far. | 1.51
---|---|---
2-3 |  This is a must have CD, if only for "caravan" Morrison’s best song ever. | 0.89
|  Van Morrison is an incredible artist, and this truly is my favorite set of works by him. | 0.89
|  All of Van Morrison’s songs are great…but this album will always be my favorite. | 0.89
|  If you love classic van then you will love this album it portrays van at his best. | 0.88
|  What can I say, the song Moondance is so romantic ¡;3 I think this is Van Morrison’s best album, it’s a classic. | 0.88
|  this is one of Morrison’s best albums…he lets everyone join in "the mystic." Really keeps the momentum going from the timeless "Astral Weeks." | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00B0DWB62.jpg |  Overall it is very cute and the kids had a great time with it. | 1.46
---|---|---
2-3 |  Very durable and the kids love it! | 0.92
|  All in all, we are quite happy with it as a toy. | 0.92
|  Little one LOVES it, so much to do!! | 0.89
|  Easy to put together & very happy with the quality. | 0.89
|  Grand kids love playing with it. | 0.89
|  It is very colorful and really cute. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000ONDRFS.jpg |  this is such a great product and very easy to use. | 1.62
---|---|---
2-3 |  This is SO easy to use and does a great job. | 0.99
|  It is so easy to use and handy! | 0.97
|  This is the best and so easy to use. | 0.96
|  It is surprisingly easy to use. | 0.94
|  The picture is very clear and it’s easy to use. | 0.94
|  It’s so convenient and accessible. | 0.93
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0002MQGR2.jpg |  Installed easily, and works perfectly in this application. | 1.62
---|---|---
2-3 |  This device works perfectly for my application! | 0.92
|  It’s working perfectly and doing exactly what I needed. | 0.9
|  The splitter works exactly as I expected. | 0.88
|  This product does on work at all. | 0.87
|  This thing works perfectly IF you’re using the correct setup. | 0.86
|  This works very well for that purpose and we have had no problems with it. | 0.86
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0553386697.jpg |  the material is so easy to apply…great stuff and a must read. | 1.58
---|---|---
2-3 |  Easy to read and very informative. | 0.91
|  This is very easy to read and understand. | 0.91
|  Very readable, well written and interesting. | 0.9
|  A true gift thats an easy read. | 0.9
|  Like the way it is written, easy to understand. | 0.9
|  Nice easy read and good information. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00023GGHQ.jpg |  i treasure this cd and loved the movie!! | 1.5
---|---|---
2-3 |  I love this movie and soundtrack. | 0.94
|  I like the movie and I love the CD. | 0.94
|  I love the CD almost a much as I loved the movie. | 0.93
|  With that being said, personally I love the soundtrack and the movie. | 0.92
|  I enjoyed the film … but I LOVED the soundtrack. | 0.9
|  I loved the music on this soundtrack so much! | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000UJBY4W.jpg |  This is a very good collection of some of the best songs from one of the best bands of all time - Chicago. | 1.53
---|---|---
2-3 |  All the very best of this amazing band, this classic Chicago material appeals to the very connoisseur of that Musical era. | 0.91
|  To any Chicago fans looking for some fantastic music, Chicago II and Chicago Transit Authority (respectively) provide the best listening experience with any album I’ve ever listened to. | 0.89
|  Rhino and Chicago have done their very best to showcase one of the Windy City’s most successful bands. | 0.89
|  I own all Chicago Music, this is one of the best mixes I have heard. | 0.88
|  The best of Chicago 40th aniversary is a very good compilation of Chicago’s hits. | 0.88
|  If you are new to Chicago (the band) this album is an excellent source of hit music it even includes some music from XXX album. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0061235970.jpg |  My Granddaughter loves the Fancy Nancy books and they are all a hit. | 1.37
---|---|---
2-3 |  My granddaughter loves Fancy Nancy and this book is a fun, sweet story about two good friends. | 0.92
|  She loves it and so do I. She has several Fancy Nancy books and each is enterting and delightful! | 0.92
|  Cute book, our daughter loves Fancy Nancy, great children’s book!! | 0.92
|  My daughter loves the Fancy Nancy collection of books. | 0.92
|  Don’t get me wrong, it’s a great story, and she loves Fancy Nancy books. | 0.91
|  I love these fancy Nancy books and think they are adorable and sweet. | 0.89
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0011000R6.jpg |  It is a very nice flash diffuser for the pop-up flash. | 1.63
---|---|---
2-3 |  excellent pop-up flash diffuser. | 0.92
|  The light quality is very good as fill flash. | 0.91
|  Pros: Diffuses the light from my flash very well. | 0.9
|  Usefulness: Makes the built in pop-up flash actually useful! | 0.89
|  I am very impressed with how this helps the built-in flash match the character of the off camera flash. | 0.89
|  As for the product itself, it does a great job of softening the light front he on-board flash. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000IHY9UM.jpg |  A great workout and its a lot of fun. | 1.52
---|---|---
2-3 |  It is fun and a great workout! | 0.98
|  It appears to be a great workout. | 0.93
|  overall, the workout was fun and up beat. | 0.92
|  Doing well…love the workout… | 0.9
|  They are very good exercise as well. | 0.9
|  This is a great workout for anyone. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B004UKNJCM.jpg |  Overall it is a fun game and young kids will like it. | 1.55
---|---|---
2-3 |  Overall, it is a great game that can grow with your kids. | 0.91
|  Once you learn how to play it, this game is quite fun! | 0.9
|  The sounds are fun, and the gameplay offers great variety of clever actions and outcomes. | 0.89
|  so this game keeps us both happy. | 0.88
|  This game was entertaining and similar to the game clue. | 0.88
|  The kids loved this game at the beginning and still play it here and there, so that it was a good purchase. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00IUAAJY4.jpg |  Anyways, looks like a great product and the directions are easy to follow. | 1.56
---|---|---
2-3 |  The instructions were easy to follow. | 0.93
|  That said, the directions are clear, the samples and suggestions are very helpful as well. | 0.92
|  Very easy to use and customer service was great when I had a question about the process. | 0.88
|  The quality of the final product is very good, and when we requested a page correction, customer service was excellent and responsive. | 0.87
|  This product is easy to use right out of the box. | 0.87
|  This was easy for the grand kids to do. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0015450T6.jpg |  The assembly was easy, the instructions were very clear, and the proper positioning is easy to achieve. | 1.64
---|---|---
2-3 |  Good product, easy to setup, easy to work with. | 0.95
|  I was not disappointed, it was packaged well, and instructions were clear and easy to follow. | 0.95
|  The images are wonderful and the kit is very easy to set up. | 0.94
|  It is very easy to put together and work with. | 0.94
|  Instructions were easy to follow for assembly. | 0.94
|  The kit comes packed very nicely and setup is easy. | 0.93
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00004RD54.jpg |  This is probably the best live rock album ever. | 1.51
---|---|---
2-3 |  One of the best live rock albums of my time. | 0.93
|  This is the best live album and one of Reed’s best albums ever. | 0.92
|  Especially with the two extra songs, Rock and Roll Animal is one of the greatest live albums of all time. | 0.91
|  Lou Reed-Rock N Roll Animal **** When first off this is one of the best and clearest sounding live albums of all time. | 0.9
|  Definitely one of the all time greatest rock albums, not just live albums. | 0.89
|  My favorite live rock track of all time. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B002NKM4C2.jpg |  It feels well made and sounds terrific. | 1.59
---|---|---
2-3 |  Sounds great and nice features. | 0.95
|  I am very happy with the set up. | 0.93
|  Sounds good, I am enjoying it very much. | 0.92
|  I am very pleased and would definitely recommend. | 0.91
|  Great product and excellent service, thank you! | 0.9
|  Excellent service, excellent equipment. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B008CQVSXC.jpg |  They fit great, sound great, and look great. | 1.64
---|---|---
2-3 |  It was great, came in good condition. | 0.92
|  The package is so well designed and nicely done. | 0.91
|  Comes in very handy in every way. | 0.88
|  The sound is really, really great, I would recommend this product.. | 0.88
|  Real clear sound, really enjoy them. | 0.88
|  The sounds quality is very good as to be expected by Beats! | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00CKH9URU.jpg |  My son really enjoys this toy, it plays with it a lot and it seems well made. | 1.54
---|---|---
2-3 |  My son loves this thing were getting lots of play out of it It’s a two part toy talks makes sounds all and all a great toy | 0.94
|  Excellent, my son loves this toy | 0.93
|  The light up effect and sound effects are pretty neat and respond to motion, which my son seems to enjoy a lot. | 0.9
|  My son loved it .it’s good size for him . | 0.88
|  It’s very safe to play with and my grandson has been enjoying it. | 0.88
|  Good size and my son loves the sound effects | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0093IZSGG.jpg |  The sound is very good, particularly for such a small speaker. | 1.63
---|---|---
2-3 |  Sound quality is good for such a small speaker. | 0.96
|  Sound is pretty good for how small the speaker is. | 0.92
|  But for a small speaker it sounds great. | 0.92
|  Wow….great sound for a small inexpensive device. | 0.91
|  Decent sound for a little speaker. | 0.9
|  Great sound from such a lightweight small speaker. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0399162089.jpg |  This coloring book is Awesome! | 1.55
---|---|---
2-3 |  This is a great coloring book. | 0.95
|  I am very enthusiastic about this coloring book. | 0.94
|  I absolutely love this coloring book. | 0.91
|  Unique and refreshing coloring book. | 0.89
|  I LOVE this creative coloring book and its amazing art! | 0.88
|  This coloring book satisfies my needs! | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0783225482.jpg |  great movie, very funny and well acted | 1.61
---|---|---
2-3 |  This is a great movie & very funny. | 0.97
|  This movie is funny and very entertaining. | 0.96
|  Great, funny movie with great stars. | 0.95
|  Anyway, back to the movie: it is so funny and the stars are so good! | 0.93
|  This is one of a kind movie with great star cast and they all are very very funny. | 0.91
|  This is a great movie for lots of laughs. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00766BEZG.jpg |  Battery fits well and seems to work well. | 1.66
---|---|---
2-3 |  The Grace battery pack works very good. | 0.94
|  This battery works very well for its intended purpose. | 0.93
|  Good battery, works well with correct voltage and amp ratings. | 0.92
|  It fit in the battery compartment nicely and is working fine. | 0.91
|  the battery is perfect….it was very easy to install | 0.9
|  It was easy to install and so far it’s working good. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0553391135.jpg |  As always Debbie Macomber has written a sweet book that entertains and makes you glad you’ve taken the time to read it. | 1.51
---|---|---
2-3 |  Thank you Debbie Macomber for a well-written series of books that not only can entertain us, but empowers us too. | 0.91
|  The book flows well and kept my attention- just a fun read that leaves you with happy thoughts once you are done. | 0.9
|  another great story from Mrs. Macomber…can’t wait till the next one…she has the knack for keeping it flowing and interesting…delivery was great and book was in great condition… | 0.89
|  Debbie Macomber is such a good writer and her characters become friends. | 0.89
|  If you are a fan of Debbie Macomber you will enjoy this book! | 0.88
|  I love Debbie Macomber and I love her books. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0671700758.jpg |  It’s an excellent book that I highly recommend. | 1.54
---|---|---
2-3 |  This has been a great read so far and is very inspiring. | 0.91
|  I love it and I highly recommend this. | 0.88
|  I highly recommend reading this! | 0.88
|  It is a truly EXCELLENT and timeless self improvement book!! | 0.88
|  It is a very informative book and I highly recommend it to everyone! | 0.88
|  It is good common sense, to the point and well written. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000BN8Y2W.jpg |  The quality is great and so are the details. | 1.61
---|---|---
2-3 |  The quality is amazing…the details are outstanding. | 0.96
|  I am really pleased with the quality. | 0.94
|  The quality is absolutely amazing. | 0.93
|  It was very well constructed and very realistic. | 0.92
|  Very realistic and great quality! | 0.91
|  The material is of very good quality. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00007E7K9.jpg |  Excellent bag, very sturdy and of very good quality. | 1.66
---|---|---
2-3 |  Overall, it is sturdy and well-built. | 0.92
|  FITS and is super great and sturdy. | 0.92
|  Material is very durable and zippers are of excellent quality. | 0.91
|  The quality of the bag exceeded my expectations - well crafted and sturdy. | 0.91
|  Very sturdy, high grade fabric. | 0.9
|  Overall, the bag has held up quite well. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B008FSCNTK.jpg |  This is an excellent CD - production values are great, and the songs and stylings are what you would expect from Diana Krall. | 1.6
---|---|---
2-3 |  I love Diana Krall and this CD is an amazing collection of songs. | 0.91
|  This is a highly entertaing Cd and Diana Krall is at her very best. | 0.89
|  Another really good Diana Krall CD. | 0.89
|  Same great voice and music from Diana Krall. | 0.88
|  I am a big Diana Krall fan and this is a good album. | 0.88
|  She’s wonderful and this CD is too. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000002KB8.jpg |  It is actually very good and this is their best CD in my oppinion. | 1.52
---|---|---
2-3 |  This is a great CD, no doubt about it. | 0.91
|  Overall, this is a very strong debut and certainly one of their best albums. | 0.91
|  This album in my opinion has some of their best music. | 0.9
|  Anyway this album is an awesome debut, all the songs are great. | 0.9
|  This album is a true classic, and as good then as it is now. | 0.9
|  This is one of their best albums. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0618871713.jpg |  In fact this book has wonderful depth and the illustrations are an integral part of a superb whole. | 1.57
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2-3 |  It does so with incredible tenderness and understanding which the author’s words and illustrations convey beautifully. | 0.9
|  It is skillfully done and the format perfectly enhances Bechdel’s story. | 0.88
|  Wonderfully illustrated with fun, smart writing. | 0.87
|  The drawing throughout is very well done. | 0.87
|  The words and pictures are seamlessly intertwined into a well-crafted, interesting book. | 0.87
|  And the drawings are wonderful, as always. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0002COTDA.jpg |  It is great to watch these again, and I highly recommend them. | 1.54
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2-3 |  We thoroughly enjoy the series! | 0.91
|  We having really enjoyed them. | 0.9
|  I am really glad to have purchased these. | 0.9
|  I loved it and your service was great. | 0.9
|  Overall, an EXCELLENT compilation that I would highly recommend to anyone! | 0.88
|  I loved the Columbo seires and still do! | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0015DNIOG.jpg |  Works great, and this seller was extremely accommodating. | 1.57
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2-3 |  The order and delivery was excellent. | 0.91
|  I was very pleased with the purchase of this item. | 0.9
|  All in all I am happy with my purchase. | 0.89
|  Happy with the delivery and the product. | 0.87
|  Works flawlessly and worth the additional cost. | 0.87
|  They are well made, take great photos, and are durable, given reasonable care. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00AR1G3FS.jpg |  very good video and sound quality as expected! | 1.67
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2-3 |  Very good video and audio quality. | 0.92
|  Very good Audio and video quality. | 0.92
|  This very well done for sound and video. | 0.91
|  Video and sound quality outstanding. | 0.91
|  Video and sound are outstanding. | 0.9
|  This is a fine performance well executed and wonderfully filmed. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0399157867.jpg |  I love Sue Grafton and enjoy all her books. | 1.44
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2-3 |  As an avid fan and faithful reader of Sue Grafton’s books, I started ’V’ with delight. | 0.91
|  I love to read and I have read all of Sue Grafton’s book. | 0.9
|  Still, I really enjoyed the book, as I do all Grafton’s works. | 0.89
|  I really, really enjoy the Kinsey Millhone mysteries and always recommend Sue Grafton to those I know. | 0.89
|  Always enjoy reading Sue Grafton’s books and look forward to each years new one. | 0.88
|  a great writer, keeps you involved in the story and you believe the characters, wonderful writer, love her books, great buy | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00DPKQ60A.jpg |  Ariana has a great voices and almost all her songs are amazing! | 1.54
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2-3 |  Her Voice is Incredible and the more and more i see her,She is just a Fantastic Singer! | 0.93
|  Live all the songs she is special girl with amazing voice just wow perfect ! | 0.93
|  The melodies, lyrics, and her voice is just so great! | 0.91
|  Ariana has a truly amazing voice - extremely talented. | 0.91
|  Ariana has an amazing voice and she has very strong vocals. | 0.91
|  She is enjoying it very much and can pretty much sing along with most of the songs. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0065WM4PQ.jpg |  For the price it’s definitely worth it! | 1.48
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2-3 |  For the price though, I think it’s great. | 0.92
|  Overall for the price it’s a great deal & has done well. | 0.91
|  Highly recommend, especially for the price. | 0.88
|  Very pleased with the purchase. | 0.88
|  Overall, I am happy with the purchase and the price. | 0.87
|  Besides that it’s a great item to have. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00000JZC7.jpg |  I love this CD it is absolutely excellent. | 1.54
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2-3 |  Simply a great CD I would recommend. | 0.9
|  Love every song–its simply ’Beautiful!’ | 0.9
|  I still find myself loving the CD. | 0.9
|  The true test of a wonderful CD. | 0.9
|  This cd is an incredible listening experience! | 0.88
|  The title track is simply gorgeous. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0042FDCMM.jpg |  Finding this workout was wonderful. | 1.33
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2-3 |  Easy on the body, and a great workout! | 0.9
|  I like the fact that anyone can do this workout. | 0.89
|  Both entertaining and a good workout. | 0.89
|  I love this level of fitness also. | 0.88
|  The stretching segments are great. | 0.87
|  They are all great and worth the time to do. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0000658L4.jpg |  The pizza is adorable and my grandaughter loves to serve the pizza with the different toppings. | 1.47
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2-3 |  He loves to serve you pizza, with your special toppings. | 0.96
|  My son loves to make pizza and I enjoy to pretending to eat them over and over and over. | 0.92
|  It’s very durable, the topping combinations are endless and my son loves to cut it up and serve it with the pizza slicer. | 0.91
|  This toy was a hit my kids love creating their own party pizza. | 0.91
|  She loves putting the different toppings on the pizza and serving to her mom and dad. | 0.91
|  My kids like cooking their pizza, and we have given this as a gift. | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B003T90WY8.jpg |  I find they are comfortable and work quite well. | 1.59
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2-3 |  He says they are very comfortable and do the job well. | 0.96
|  These are perfect and hey are comfortable. | 0.94
|  They attach easily and fit comfortably. | 0.93
|  Actually the product fits and works very well. | 0.92
|  They’re very flexible and comfortable. | 0.92
|  I’m very pleased with how well they work. | 0.92
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000AO3L84.jpg |  The flash is easy to learn and use. | 1.66
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2-3 |  This flash is easy to use and has lots of extras. | 0.93
|  Very easy to use and highly recomended for flash photography. | 0.91
|  The flash is great- smooth swivel and easy to use manual and TTL functions. | 0.91
|  It is easy to use and found that bouncing the flash opens up a world of possibilities. | 0.89
|  Very easy to use and works great. | 0.89
|  It’s very easy to use, and works great with the Canon XSI. | 0.89
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B006KD37TC.jpg |  Easy to use, good sound quality, great value proposition. | 1.67
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2-3 |  Very easy to set up, great sound. | 0.95
|  easy to set up and works great | 0.93
|  It is well made, with quality parts, and is attractive and sounds just great. | 0.92
|  Easy setup outstanding reception. | 0.92
|  However, it was easy to set up and has performed very well. | 0.92
|  All in all, a very nice product, with good product support. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B000OVLBFS.jpg |  I love the Jesse Stone books, and have really enjoyed all the Jesse Stone movies that Tom Selleck has made. | 1.53
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2-3 |  I like all the Jesse Stone movies and enjoy watching them again. | 0.92
|  I enjoyed all the Jesse Stone movies. | 0.91
|  I love the Jesse Stone movies and Tom Selleck in the role. | 0.89
|  Liked the interaction between Tom Selleck and the other characters in all the Jesse Stone movies. | 0.88
|  Love the Jesse Stone movies and bought a bunch-in series-so I could watch them over and over again. | 0.88
|  Love all the Jesse Stone movies. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0017O3UHI.jpg |  Overall, we are very pleased with this antenna and would highly recommend it! | 1.57
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2-3 |  Overall, I am extremely satisfied with this antenna. | 0.93
|  But I was so happy with this antenna that I wanted to give my opinion of it. | 0.92
|  Overall though I’m incredibly happy with the antenna. | 0.91
|  I am very pleased with my product. | 0.9
|  I highly recommend this product! | 0.88
|  Overall, I like the antenna for it’s improved consistent signal. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00013M6NU.jpg |  so I ordered this and it worked just fine. | 1.37
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2-3 |  I ordered this used one and it works perfectly. | 0.92
|  This is exactly what I had before and it works great. | 0.9
|  I mean it’s OEM so it works fine. | 0.89
|  It is easy to use and does the job as advertised. | 0.88
|  This one works exactly as advertised. | 0.87
|  I am pleased with this product. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0018QROM2.jpg |  This center channel speaker sounds great and looks good. | 1.65
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2-3 |  This center channel speaker is awesome. | 0.95
|  Very nice center channel speaker. | 0.94
|  Very nice center speaker, nicely built & great sound quality. | 0.94
|  It looks good and performs great. | 0.93
|  This is a nice unit that sounds great. | 0.93
|  This Center channel is great I love it. | 0.93
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00007JZVB.jpg |  it’s really fun and i enjoy and the overall dance routine. | 1.54
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2-3 |  I absolutely enjoy doing this dance. | 0.95
|  They give an excellent workout, full of fun and serious dancing! | 0.91
|  This is what really makes you want to dance & have fun. | 0.91
|  The performances under the special features are good to watch and get a feel for the dance. | 0.87
|  The two dancers are lovely to watch. | 0.86
|  It’s so much fun to bellydance. | 0.86
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00000F1D3.jpg |  This is one of the best Cher songs ever and definately one of the best from this album! | 1.54
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2-3 |  ALL OR NOTHING This is considered to be one of the best Cher songs of all-time, and definately a fan favourite. | 0.95
|  BELIEVE IS DEFINATLY THE BEST SONG CHER HAS EVER DONE. | 0.94
|  One of the best CD’s ever made by Cher. | 0.93
|  THESE ARE SIMPLY THE BEST TRACKS CHER HAS PUT OUT. | 0.91
|  I think it is one of Cher’s best albums. | 0.91
|  This is one of the best CDs that Cher has put out. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/014312417X.jpg |  its an awesome book and has a great message. | 1.57
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2-3 |  Great book and really motivational. | 0.94
|  This book is truly inspiring !! | 0.93
|  Anyhow, this was a highly inspirational and motivating read. | 0.93
|  The book was good and delivery was great. | 0.91
|  It’s very informative, enjoyable, and well-written. | 0.9
|  Thoroughly enjoying the advice that this book is providing. | 0.87
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00BPEJX12.jpg |  If you enjoyed Shaun of the Dead & Hot Fuzz, then you’ll love this one. | 1.43
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2-3 |  If you like Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz - you will definitely like this one. | 0.96
|  I loved Shaun of the dead and to a lesser extent hot fuzz. | 0.92
|  If you like Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz, then you must see this one too. | 0.92
|  If you liked Shawn of the Dead, Hot Fuzz, and even Paul, you will enjoy this one too. | 0.9
|  If you loved Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz you’ll undoubtedly love The World’s End. | 0.9
|  If you love Shaun of the dead, or Hot fuzz this is a must have. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B0007QKMQY.jpg |  We are very pleased with this camera. | 1.54
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2-3 |  The camera does very nice work. | 0.93
|  It was a great camera and served our purpose well. | 0.92
|  Camera works great and the pictures are awesome. | 0.91
|  We absolutely love this camera!!!!! | 0.91
|  Altogether, this camera is worth it. | 0.91
|  Is a really great camera absolutly love it. | 0.91
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00000FCBH.jpg |  2pac is definetly the best rapper ever and this is the best CD he has. | 1.53
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2-3 |  Tupac is obviously the best ever rapper. | 0.96
|  Tupac is definitely one of the best rapper ever lived. | 0.95
|  It has the best hit songs from the best rapper ever. | 0.95
|  2pac is the best rapper that ever lived. | 0.94
|  2pac Is The Best Rapper Ever. | 0.94
|  He was truly unique, and he and B.I.G. are still the best rappers of all time. | 0.94
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B003HC9JIW.jpg |  It is simple, but is a great workout. | 1.41
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2-3 |  The moves were easy for me to do yet gave me a good workout. | 0.89
|  Easy to follow plus you feel like you are getting a pretty good workout. | 0.89
|  Great simple workout, easy to follow and not boring. | 0.89
|  Easy to do but really helps joints and muscles. | 0.88
|  Just a good, clean, effective workout. | 0.87
|  I love this low impact workout. | 0.86
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/0670012335.jpg |  We love the Llama Llama series and this book is just as wonderful as the rest! | 1.56
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2-3 |  Just like all the other llama llama books, this one is wonderful. | 0.93
|  Such a cute book - I LOVE all of the Llama Llama books! | 0.92
|  I love the llama llama books!. | 0.92
|  He loves Llama llama, and this is an excellent addition to the series. | 0.91
|  We love the llama llama books. | 0.91
|  Great book - love the Llama books! | 0.9
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B001K5UQX0.jpg |  Very happy with this purchase. | 1.28
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2-3 |  Overall I am very pleased with this purchase. | 0.97
|  I was very happy with my purchase. | 0.96
|  Overall, I am happy with this product. | 0.94
|  Genuinely impressed with this thing. | 0.9
|  Nevertheless, I still believe it was an awesome purchase. | 0.87
|  Easy to use and pictures turn out great. | 0.86
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B002JSM3KQ.jpg |  it is a very enjoyable game to play . | 1.56
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2-3 |  The game was so much fun to play. | 0.94
|  We have so much fun playing this game. | 0.92
|  It’s a game that’s meant to be played, and this version is very playable. | 0.92
|  But, dangit, it’s just such a fun game! | 0.89
|  Great release of a great game. | 0.88
|  the members have goodtime enjoying this game. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B008B68IUY.jpg |  My granddaughter absolutely loved it! | 1.42
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2-3 |  sure my granddaughter will love this. | 0.93
|  My niece wanted it and loves it. | 0.91
|  Granddaughter loved it and wants more, more, more! | 0.9
|  My niece will be so happy to play it! | 0.89
|  Great size and color my niece loved it | 0.89
|  This machine very glad, my daughter, she high glad and constantly plays with them. | 0.88
|  |
732mm[width=26mm,keepaspectratio]img/B00C30FCUI.jpg |  Great ear buds, great sound and comfortable. | 1.68
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2-3 |  Good sound quality, fits comfortable in my ear | 0.94
|  These headphones sound superb and look damn good. | 0.92
|  These headphones are excellent. | 0.92
|  Comfortable and great sound quality. | 0.92
|  very good headphones overall good sound quality. | 0.92
|  Excellent sound, good construction on the ear bud itself. | 0.92
|  |