# Preparation of Papers for IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence
(January 2020)

First A. Author  Fellow, IEEE  Second B. Author  and Third C. Author  Jr
Member, IEEE This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on
which you submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support
information, including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For
example, “This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce
under Grant BS123456.” The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’
current affiliations, including current address and e-mail. For example, F. A.
Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO
80305 USA (e-mail: author@boulder.nist.gov).S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice
University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Department of Physics,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail:
author@lamar.colostate.edu).T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering
Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the
National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail:
author@nrim.go.jp).This paragraph will include the Associate Editor who
handled your paper.

###### Abstract

The abstract should not exceed 250 words. This example is 250 words. See
instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE Transactions
and Journals. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word
6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The
electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Paper titles
should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid
writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that
identify the elements are fine (e.g., “Nd–Fe–B”). Do not write “(Invited)” in
the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are
not required. Put a space between authors’ initials. The abstract must be a
concise yet comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. In
particular, the abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations,
footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the full article. The
abstract must be between 150–250 words. Be sure that you adhere to these
limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly. The
abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed
mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract should include three
or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it.
It is important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in
a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well
and is grammatically correct.

The impact statement should not exceeed 150 words. This section offers an
example that is expanded to have only and just 150 words to demonstrate the
point. Here is an example on how to write an appropriate impact statement:
Chatbots are a popular technology in online interaction. They reduce the load
on human support teams and offer continuous 24-7 support to customers.
However, recent usability research has demonstrated that 30% of customers are
unhappy with current chatbots due to their poor conversational capabilities
and inability to emotionally engage customers. The natural language algorithms
we introduce in this paper overcame these limitations. With a significant
increase in user satisfaction to 92% after adopting our algorithms, the
technology is ready to support users in a wide variety of applications
including government front shops, automatic tellers, and the gaming industry.
It could offer an alternative way of interaction for some physically disable
users.

Enter key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a
list of suggested keywords, send a blank e-mail to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or visit
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt

##  1 Introduction

This document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 or later. If you
are reading a paper or PDF version of this document, please download the
electronic file, trans_jour.docx, from the IEEE Web site at
www.ieee.org/authortools so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you
would prefer to use LaTeX, download IEEE’s LaTeX style and sample files from
the same Web page. You can also explore using the Overleaf editor at
https://www.overleaf.com/blog/278-how-to-use-overleaf-with-ieee-collabratec-
your-quick-guide-to-getting-started#.Vp6tpPkrKM9

If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conference
editor concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particular
conference.

##  2 Guidelines for Manuscript Preparation

When you open trans_jour.docx, select “Page Layout” from the “View” menu in
the menu bar (View $|$ Page Layout), (these instructions assume MS 6.0. Some
versions may have alternate ways to access the same functionalities noted
here). Then, type over sections of trans_jour.docx or cut and paste from
another document and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is at the
left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word window (for example,
the style at this point in the document is “Text”). Highlight a section that
you want to designate with a certain style, and then select the appropriate
name on the style menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do
not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited
number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline.

To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion point and
either use Insert $|$ Picture $|$ From File or copy the image to the Windows
clipboard and then Edit $|$ Paste Special $|$ Picture (with “float over text”
unchecked).

IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your paper is intended for
a conference, please observe the conference page limits.

###  2.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text,
even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such
as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that
incorporate periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R.
S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable (for
example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).

###  2.2 Other Recommendations

Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers: “zero-
field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1),
the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write
instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
calculated the potential.”

Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm3,” not “cc.”
Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm $\times$ 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 $\times$ 0.2
cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Use “Wb/m2” or “webers
per square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values, write
“7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7$\sim$9.”

A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of
the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is punctuated
within the parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are within
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”$!$ Avoid
contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma
is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”

If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and use the
active voice (“I observed that …” or “We observed that …” instead of “It was
observed that …”). Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to carefully proofread
your paper.

##  3 Math

If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the
MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in your paper (Insert
$|$ Object $|$ Create New $|$ Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float
over text” should not be selected.

###  3.1 Equations

Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses flush with
the right margin, as in (1). First use the equation editor to create the
equation. Then select the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write
the equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more compact, you
may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use
parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when
they are part of a sentence, as in

(1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the
equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols ($T$ might refer
to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or
“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ….”

##  4 Units

Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are strongly
encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses).
This applies to papers in data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100
Gb/in2).” An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade,
such as “31/2-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as
current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to
confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use
mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.

The SI unit for magnetic field strength $H$ is A/m. However, if you wish to
use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density $B$ or magnetic field
strength symbolized as $\mu_{0}$H. Use the center dot to separate compound
units, e.g., “A$\cdot$m2.”

##  5 Some Common Mistakes

The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the permeability of
vacuum $\mu_{0}$ is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.” The term for residual
magnetization is “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write
“remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A
graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word “alternatively”
is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that
alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are
referring to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to mean
“approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a euphemism
for “problem.” When compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols
by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some composition NixMn1-x.

Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “affect” (usually a verb)
and “effect” (usually a noun), “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and
“discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle”
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” and“infer.”

Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra” are not
independent words; they should be joined to the words they modify, usually
without a hyphen. There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation
“et al.” (it is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,”
and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations are not
italicized).

A general IEEE styleguide is available at www.ieee.org/authortools.

##  6 Guidelines For Graphics Preparation and Submission

###  6.1 Types of Graphics

The following list outlines the different types of graphics published in IEEE
journals. They are categorized based on their construction, and use of color /
shades of gray:

  1. 1)

Color/Grayscale Figures

Figures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of black/gray. Such
figures may include photographs, illustrations, multicolor graphs, and
flowcharts.

  2. 2)

Line Art Figures

Figures that are composed of only black lines and shapes. These figures should
have no shades or half-tones of gray, only black and white.

  3. 3)

Author Photos

Head and shoulders shots of authors that appear at the end of our papers.

  4. 4)

Tables

Data charts which are typically black and white, but sometimes include color.

Figure 1: Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two
spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the
caption. Table 1: Units for Magnetic Properties

Symbol |  Quantity |  Conversion from Gaussian and CGS EMU to SIa
---|---|---
|  |
$\Phi$ |  Magnetic flux |  1 Mx $\to 10^{-8}$ Wb $=10^{-8}$ V$\,\cdot\,$s
$B$ |  Magnetic flux density, magnetic induction |  1 G $\to 10^{-4}$ T $=10^{-4}$ Wb/m2
$H$ |  Magnetic field strength |  1 Oe $\to 10^{-3}/(4\pi)$ A/m
$m$ |  Magnetic moment |  1 erg/G $=$ 1 emu
|  |  $\to 10^{-3}$ A $\cdot$ m${}^{2}=10^{-3}$ J/T
$M$ |  Magnetization |  1 erg/(G $\cdot$ cm${}^{3})=$ 1 emu/cm3 $\to 10^{-3}$ A/m
4$\pi M$ |  Magnetization |  1 G $\to 10^{-3}/(4\pi)$ A/m
$\sigma$ |  Specific magnetization |  1 erg/(G$\,{\cdot}\,$g)$\,{=}\,$1 emu/g$\,{\to}\,$1 A$\,{\cdot}\,$m2/kg
$j$ |  Magnetic dipole moment |  1 erg/G $=$ 1 emu $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-10}$ Wb $\cdot$ m
$J$ |  Magnetic polarization |  1 erg/(G $\cdot$ cm${}^{3})=$ 1 emu/cm3
|  |  $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-4}$ T
$\chi,\kappa$ |  Susceptibility |  1 $\to 4\pi$
$\chi_{\rho}$ |  Mass susceptibility |  1 cm3/g $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-3}$ m3/kg
$\mu$ |  Permeability |  1 $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-7}$ H/m $=4\pi\times 10^{-7}$ Wb/(A $\cdot$ m)
$\mu_{r}$ |  Relative permeability |  $\mu\to\mu_{r}$
$w,W$ |  Energy density |  1 erg/cm${}^{3}\to 10^{-1}$ J/m3
$N,D$ |  Demagnetizing factor |  1 $\to 1/(4\pi)$
Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for
the entire table do not need footnote letters.
aGaussian units are the same as cg emu for magnetostatics; Mx $=$ maxwell, G
$=$ gauss, Oe $=$ oersted; Wb $=$ weber, V $=$ volt, s $=$ second, T $=$
tesla, m $=$ meter, A $=$ ampere, J $=$ joule, kg $=$ kilogram, H $=$ henry.

###  6.2 Multipart Figures

Figures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented side-by-side, or
stacked. If a multipart figure is made up of multiple figure types (one part
is lineart, and another is grayscale or color) the figure should meet the
stricter guidelines.

###  6.3 File Formats for Graphics

Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics processing program
that will allow you to create the images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated
PostScript (.EPS), Tagged Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format
(.PDF), or Portable Network Graphics (.PNG) sizes them, and adjusts the
resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of the following
programs you will be able to submit the graphics without converting to a PS,
EPS, TIFF, PDF, or PNG file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or
Microsoft Excel. Though it is not required, it is strongly recommended that
these files be saved in PDF format rather than DOC, XLS, or PPT. Doing so will
protect your figures from common font and arrow stroke issues that occur when
working on the files across multiple platforms. When submitting your final
paper, your graphics should all be submitted individually in one of these
formats along with the manuscript.

###  6.4 Sizing of Graphics

Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5 inches / 88
millimeters / 21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches / 181 millimeters / 43
picas). The maximum depth a graphic can be is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54
picas). When choosing the depth of a graphic, please allow space for a
caption. Figures can be sized between column and page widths if the author
chooses, however it is recommended that figures are not sized less than column
width unless when necessary.

There is currently one publication with column measurements that do not
coincide with those listed above. Proceedings of the IEEE has a column
measurement of 3.25 inches (82.5 millimeters / 19.5 picas).

The final printed size of author photographs is exactly 1 inch wide by 1.25
inches tall (25.4 millimeters $\times$ 31.75 millimeters / 6 picas $\times$
7.5 picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 inches wide by 2
inches tall (40 millimeters $\times$ 50 millimeters / 9.5 picas $\times$ 12
picas).

###  6.5 Resolution

The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the type of figure it is
as defined in the “Types of Figures” section. Author photographs, color, and
grayscale figures should be at least 300dpi. Line art, including tables should
be a minimum of 600dpi.

###  6.6 Vector Art

In order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple computer
platforms, we accept files in the following formats: .EPS/.PDF/.PS. All fonts
must be embedded or text converted to outlines in order to achieve the best-
quality results.

###  6.7 Color Space

The term color space refers to the entire sum of colors that can be
represented within the said medium. For our purposes, the three main color
spaces are Grayscale, RGB (red/green/blue) and CMYK
(cyan/magenta/yellow/black). RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics,
whereas CMYK is used for printing purposes.

All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK color space. Grayscale
images should be submitted in Grayscale color space. Line art may be provided
in grayscale OR bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and “bitmap
file format” are not the same thing. When bitmap color space is selected,
.TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended file formats.

###  6.8 Accepted Fonts Within Figures

When preparing your graphics IEEE suggests that you use of one of the
following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman, Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, and
Symbol. If you are supplying EPS, PS, or PDF files all fonts must be embedded.
Some fonts may only be native to your operating system; without the fonts
embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or missing.

A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the fonts before
you save the files, creating “outline” type. This converts fonts to artwork
what will appear uniformly on any screen.

###  6.9 Using Labels Within Figures

####  6.9.1 Figure Axis Labels

Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather than
symbols. As an example, write the quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization
$M$,” not just “$M$.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with
units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or
“Magnetization (A$\cdot$m-1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio
of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not
“Temperature/K.”

Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or
“Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) $\times$ 1000”
because the reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 10
point type.

####  6.9.2 Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables

Multipart figures should be combined and labeled before final submission.
Labels should appear centered below each subfigure in 8 point Times New Roman
font in the format of (a) (b) (c).

###  6.10 File Naming

Figures (line artwork or photographs) should be named starting with the first
5 letters of the author’s last name. The next characters in the filename
should be the number that represents the sequential location of this image in
your article. For example, in author “Anderson’s” paper, the first three
figures would be named ander1.tif, ander2.tif, and ander3.ps.

Tables should contain only the body of the table (not the caption) and should
be named similarly to figures, except that ‘.t’ is inserted in-between the
author’s name and the table number. For example, author Anderson’s first three
tables would be named ander.t1.tif, ander.t2.ps, ander.t3.eps.

Author photographs should be named using the first five characters of the
pictured author’s last name. For example, four author photographs for a paper
may be named: oppen.ps, moshc.tif, chen.eps, and duran.pdf.

If two authors or more have the same last name, their first initial(s) can be
substituted for the fifth, fourth, third… letters of their surname until the
degree where there is differentiation. For example, two authors Michael and
Monica Oppenheimer’s photos would be named oppmi.tif, and oppmo.eps.

###  6.11 Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Paper

When referencing your figures and tables within your paper, use the
abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate
“Table.” Tables should be numbered with Roman Numerals.

###  6.12 Checking Your Figures: The IEEE Graphics Analyzer

The IEEE Graphics Analyzer enables authors to pre-screen their graphics for
compliance with IEEE Transactions and Journals standards before submission.
The online tool, located at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/, allows authors to
upload their graphics in order to check that each file is the correct file
format, resolution, size and colorspace; that no fonts are missing or corrupt;
that figures are not compiled in layers or have transparency, and that they
are named according to the IEEE Transactions and Journals naming convention.
At the end of this automated process, authors are provided with a detailed
report on each graphic within the web applet, as well as by email.

For more information on using the Graphics Analyzer or any other graphics
related topic, contact the IEEE Graphics Help Desk by e-mail at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
###  6.13 Submitting Your Graphics

Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, you do not need to
position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all
figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed at the end of your paper.
In addition to, or even in lieu of submitting figures within your final
manuscript, figures should be submitted individually, separate from the
manuscript in one of the file formats listed above in section VI-J. Place
figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. Please
do not include captions as part of the figures, or put them in “text boxes”
linked to the figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your
figures.

###  6.14 Color Processing / Printing in IEEE Journals

All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author to publish color
figures on IEEE Xplore® at no charge, and automatically convert them to
grayscale for print versions. In most journals, figures and tables may
alternatively be printed in color if an author chooses to do so. Please note
that this service comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend to
have print color graphics, include a note with your final paper indicating
which figures or tables you would like to be handled that way, and stating
that you are willing to pay the additional fee.

##  7 Conclusion

A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion may review the
main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A
conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
applications and extensions.

## Appendix

Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.

## Acknowledgment

The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in American English is
without an “e” after the “g.” Use the singular heading even if you have many
acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
thank … .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks … .” In most cases, sponsor and
financial support acknowledgments are placed in the unnumbered footnote on the
first page, not here.

## References and Footnotes

###  7.1 References

References need not be cited in text. When they are, they appear on the line,
in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Multiple references are each
numbered with separate brackets. When citing a section in a book, please give
the relevant page numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do
not use “Ref.” or “reference” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] shows ….” Please do not use automatic endnotes in Word, rather,
type the reference list at the end of the paper using the “References” style.

Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their own, hanging
out beyond the body of the reference. The reference numbers are on the line,
enclosed in square brackets. In all references, the given name of the author
or editor is abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use
them all; use et al. only if names are not given. Use commas around Jr., Sr.,
and III in names. Abbreviate conference titles. When citing IEEE transactions,
provide the issue number, page range, volume number, year, and/or month if
available. When referencing a patent, provide the day and the month of issue,
or application. References may not include all information; please obtain and
include relevant information. Do not combine references. There must be only
one reference with each number. If there is a URL included with the print
reference, it can be included at the end of the reference.

Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translation
journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original
foreign-language citation See the end of this document for formats and
examples of common references. For a complete discussion of references and
their formats, see the IEEE style manual at www.ieee.org/authortools.

###  7.2 Footnotes

Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert $|$ Footnote).111It is
recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with
the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the footnote
information into the text. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference list
(endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Table I).

##  8 Submitting Your Paper for Review

###  8.1 Review Stage Using Word 6.0 or Higher

If you want to submit your file with one column electronically, please do the
following:

  * –

First, click on the View menu and choose Print Layout.

  * –

Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go to the Format menu,
choose Columns, choose one column Layout, and choose “apply to whole document”
from the dropdown menu.

  * –

Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over 4 inches in width.

The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can drag them to the
first column. Make the graphic wider to push out any text that may try to fill
in next to the graphic.

###  8.2 Final Stage Using Word 6.0

When you submit your final version (after your paper has been accepted), print
it in two-column format, including figures and tables. You must also send your
final manuscript on a disk, via e-mail, or through a Web manuscript submission
system as directed by the society contact. You may use Zip for large files, or
compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.

Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact information for all
authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and
e-mail addresses. This information will be used to send each author a
complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition,
designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the author to whom
proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding author
only.

###  8.3 Review Stage Using Scholarone® Manuscripts

Contributions to the Transactions, Journals, and Letters may be submitted
electronically on IEEE’s on-line manuscript submission and peer-review system,
ScholarOne® Manuscripts. You can get a listing of the publications that
participate in ScholarOne at http://www.ieee.org/publications_
standards/publications/authors/authors_submission.html First check if you have
an existing account. If there is none, please create a new account. After
logging in, go to your Author Center and click “Submit First Draft of a New
Manuscript.”

Along with other information, you will be asked to select the subject from a
pull-down list. Depending on the journal, there are various steps to the
submission process; you must complete all steps for a complete submission. At
the end of each step you must click “Save and Continue”; just uploading the
paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see a confirmation
that the submission is complete. You should also receive an e-mail
confirmation. For inquiries regarding the submission of your paper on
ScholarOne Manuscripts, please contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or call +1 732
465 5861.

ScholarOne Manuscripts will accept files for review in various formats. Please
check the guidelines of the specific journal for which you plan to submit.

You will be asked to file an electronic copyright form immediately upon
completing the submission process (authors are responsible for obtaining any
security clearances). Failure to submit the electronic copyright could result
in publishing delays later. You will also have the opportunity to designate
your article as “open access” if you agree to pay the IEEE open access fee.

###  8.4 Final Stage Using Scholarone Manuscripts

Upon acceptance, you will receive an email with specific instructions
regarding the submission of your final files. To avoid any delays in
publication, please be sure to follow these instructions. Most journals
require that final submissions be uploaded through ScholarOne Manuscripts,
although some may still accept final submissions via email. Final submissions
should include source files of your accepted manuscript, high quality graphic
files, and a formatted pdf file. If you have any questions regarding the final
submission process, please contact the administrative contact for the journal.

In addition to this, upload a file with complete contact information for all
authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and
e-mail addresses. Designate the author who submitted the manuscript on
ScholarOne Manuscripts as the “corresponding author.” This is the only author
to whom proofs of the paper will be sent.

###  8.5 Copyright Form

Authors must submit an electronic IEEE Copyright Form (eCF) upon submitting
their final manuscript files. You can access the eCF system through your
manuscript submission system or through the Author Gateway. You are
responsible for obtaining any necessary approvals and/or security clearances.
For additional information on intellectual property rights, visit the IEEE
Intellectual Property Rights department web page at
http://www.ieee.org/publications_ standards/publications/rights/index.html.

##  9 IEEE Publishing Policy

The general IEEE policy requires that authors should only submit original work
that has neither appeared elsewhere for publication, nor is under review for
another refereed publication. The submitting author must disclose all prior
publication(s) and current submissions when submitting a manuscript. Do not
publish “preliminary” data or results. The submitting author is responsible
for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from
employers or sponsors before submitting an article. The IEEE Transactions and
Journals Department strongly discourages courtesy authorship; it is the
obligation of the authors to cite only relevant prior work.

The IEEE Transactions and Journals does not publish conference records or
proceedings, but can publish articles related to conferences that have
undergone rigorous peer review. Minimally, two reviews are required for every
article submitted for peer review.

##  10 Publication Principles

The two types of contents of that are published are; 1) peer-reviewed and 2)
archival. The Transactions and Journals Department publishes scholarly
articles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions and critical
reviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.

Authors should consider the following points:

  1. 1)

Technical papers submitted for publication must advance the state of knowledge
and must cite relevant prior work.

  2. 2)

The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate with the importance, or
appropriate to the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious extension
of previously published work might not be appropriate for publication or might
be adequately treated in just a few pages.

  3. 3)

Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the editors of the scientific
and technical merit of a paper; the standards of proof are higher when
extraordinary or unexpected results are reported.

  4. 4)

Because replication is required for scientific progress, papers submitted for
publication must provide sufficient information to allow readers to perform
similar experiments or calculations and use the reported results. Although not
everything need be disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully
described information. For example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not
be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement
technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results
are not supported by adequate data and critical details.

  5. 5)

Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest technical
achievement, which are suitable for presentation at a professional conference,
may not be appropriate for publication.

## References

### Basic format for books:

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics,2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964,pp. 15–64.
  * [2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA, USA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.

### Basic format for periodicals:

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x,no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, DOI. 10.1109.XXX.123456.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation Part I: An assessment of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34–39,Jan. 1959, 10.1109/TED.2016.2628402.
  * [2] E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,” Phys. Rev., vol.134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965. DOI. 10.1109.XXX.123456.
  * [3] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., to be published.

### Basic format for reports:

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
  * [2] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.

### Basic format for handbooks:

##

  * [1] [] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
  * [2] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1989.

### Basic format for books (when available online):

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, State, Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. [Online]. Available: http://www.web.com

### Examples:

##

  * [1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed., 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64. [Online]. Available: http://www.bookref.com.
  * [2] The Founders Constitution, Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. Chicago Press, 1987. [Online]. Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
  * [3] The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Terahertz Corp., 2014. [Online]. Available: http://dl.z-thz.com/eBook/zomega_ebook_pdf_1206_sr.pdf. Accessed on: May 19, 2014.
  * [4] Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders Constitution. Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987, Accessed on: Feb. 28, 2010, [Online] Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/

### Basic format for journals (when available online):

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. Accessed on: Month, Day, year, DOI: 10.1109.XXX.123456, [Online].

### Examples:

##

  * [1] J. S. Turner, “New directions in communications,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11–23, Jan. 1995.
  * [2] W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-optic frequency shifter using a surface acoustic wave incident at an oblique angle,” Opt. Lett., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–117, Feb. 1986.
  * [3] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive layers from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., to be published. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.

### Basic format for papers presented at conferences (when available online):

##

  * [1] [] J.K. Author. (year, month). Title. presented at abbrev. conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file

### Example:

##

  * [1] PROCESS Corporation, Boston, MA, USA. Intranets: Internet technologies deployed behind the firewall for corporate productivity. Presented at INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available: http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp

### Basic format for reports and handbooks (when available online):

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author. “Title of report,” Company. City, State, Country. Rep. no., (optional: vol./issue), Date. [Online] Available: site/path/file

### Examples:

##

  * [1] R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster
  * [2] Teralyzer. Lytera UG, Kirchhain, Germany [Online]. Available: http://www.lytera.de/Terahertz_THz_Spectroscopy.php?id=home, Accessed on: Jun. 5, 2014.

### Basic format for computer programs and electronic documents (when
available online):

##

  * [1] [] Legislative body. Number of Congress, Session. (year, month day). Number of bill or resolution, Title. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
  * [2]
  * [3] [] NOTE: ISO recommends that capitalization follow the accepted practice for the language or script in which the information is given.

### Example:

##

  * [1] U. S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS

### Basic format for patents (when available online):

##

  * [1] [] Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available:site/path/file

### Example:

##

  * [1] Musical tooth brush with mirror, by L. M. R. Brooks. (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189 [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DES

### Basic format for conference proceedings (published):

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx.

### Example:

##

  * [1] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched passively coupled single-mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC, Boston, MA, USA, 1985, pp. 585–590.

### Example for papers presented at conferences (unpublished):

##

  * [1] D. E behard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for inter ferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2–5, 1984.

### Basic format for patents:

##

  * [1] [] J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

### Example:

##

  * [1] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,” U.S. Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.

### Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):

##

  * [1] [a)] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
  * [2]
  * [3] [b)] J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
  * [2] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

### Basic format for the most common types of unpublished references:

##

  * [1] [a)] J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
  * [2]
  * [3] [b)] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
  * [4]
  * [5] [c)] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
  * [2] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
  * [3] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.

### Basic formats for standards:

##

  * [1] [a)] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
  * [2]
  * [3] [b)] Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.

### Examples:

##

  * [1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
  * [2] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

### Article number in reference examples:

##

  * [1]
  * [2] R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.
  * [3] J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics of InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE Photon. J., vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2013, Art. no. 2600111. 10.1109.XXX.123456.

### Example when using et al.:

##

  * [1] S. Azodolmolky et al., “Experimental demonstration of an impairment aware network planning and operation tool for transparent/translucent optical networks,” J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 439–448, Sep. 2011.

First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and all authors may include biographies.
Biographies are often not included in conference-related papers. This author
became a Member (M) of IEEE in 1976, a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a
Fellow (F) in 1987. The first paragraph may contain a place and/or date of
birth (list place, then date). Next, the author’s educational background is
listed. The degrees should be listed with type of degree in what field, which
institution, city, state, and country, and year the degree was earned. The
author’s major field of study should be lower-cased.

The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not the
author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including summer
and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must have a
location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information concerning
previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than three books
or published articles. The format for listing publishers of a book within the
biography is: title of book (publisher name, year) similar to a reference.
Current and previous research interests end the paragraph.

The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr.
Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work
for IEEE committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, it should
be of good quality, and professional-looking. Following are two examples of an
author’s biography.

Second B. Author was born in Greenwich Village, New York, NY, USA in 1977. He
received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in aerospace engineering from the
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 2001 and the Ph.D. degree in
mechanical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, in 2008.

From 2001 to 2004, he was a Research Assistant with the Princeton Plasma
Physics Laboratory. Since 2009, he has been an Assistant Professor with the
Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station. He
is the author of three books, more than 150 articles, and more than 70
inventions. His research interests include high-pressure and high-density
nonthermal plasma discharge processes and applications, microscale plasma
discharges, discharges in liquids, spectroscopic diagnostics, plasma
propulsion, and innovation plasma applications. He is an Associate Editor of
the journal Earth, Moon, Planets, and holds two patents.

Dr. Author was a recipient of the International Association of Geomagnetism
and Aeronomy Young Scientist Award for Excellence in 2008, and the IEEE
Electromagnetic Compatibility Society Best Symposium Paper Award in 2011.

Third C. Author, Jr. (M’87) received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering
from National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, in 2004 and the M.S.
degree in mechanical engineering from National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, in 2006. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in mechanical
engineering at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

From 2008 to 2009, he was a Research Assistant with the Institute of Physics,
Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan. His research interest includes the development
of surface processing and biological/medical treatment techniques using
nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas, fundamental study of plasma sources,
and fabrication of micro- or nanostructured surfaces.

Mr. Author’s awards and honors include the Frew Fellowship (Australian Academy
of Science), the I. I. Rabi Prize (APS), the European Frequency and Time Forum
Award, the Carl Zeiss Research Award, the William F. Meggers Award and the
Adolph Lomb Medal (OSA).