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  *[IMBH]: intermediate-mass black hole
  *[BHs]: black hole
  *[IMF]: initial mass function
  *[sBH]: stellar-mass black hole
  *[BH]: black hole
  *[sBHs]: stellar-mass black hole
  *[LVK]: LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration
  *[BBH]: binary black hole
  *[GW]: gravitational wave
  *[ZAMS]: zero-age main sequence
  *[MW]: Milky Way
  *[SMBHs]: supermassive black hole
  *[AGN]: active galactic nucleus
  *[SMBH]: supermassive black hole
  *[AGNs]: active galactic nucleus
  *[IMBHs]: intermediate-mass black hole
  *[LISA]: Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
  *[VMS]: very massive star
  *[GCs]: globular cluster
  *[NSC]: nuclear star cluster
  *[NSCs]: nuclear star cluster
  *[VMSs]: very massive star
  *[IMRIs]: intermediate-mass ratio inspiral