sentence: Retraction requires the contraction of two internal muscles.
sentences_before: The tongue of the Short-beaked Echidna is the animal's only way of catching prey. The tongue is sticky because of the presence of glycoprotein-rich mucous. This mucus both lubricates movement in and out of the snout and helps to catch ants and termites, which stick to it. Sticking out the tongue is achieved by contracting the circular muscles that change the shape of the tongue and force it forward, and contraction of two muscles attached to the caudal end of the tongue and to the mandible. The protruded tongue is stiffened by the rapid flow of blood, allowing it to penetrate wood and soil.
sentences_after: This allows the animal to both capture and grind food. The tongue moves with great speed, and has been measured to move in and out of the snout 100 times a minute. Doran G.A. and Baggett H. 1970.
concept_name: retraction
headings: Short-beaked Echidna Description Tongue
categories: Mammals of Australia Mammals of New Guinea Monotremes