title: Ibintu 7 bikomeye mu buzima bwa Gandhi: umusore wigometse kugeza abaye 'umubyeyi w'igihugu'
summary: Mu myaka ya 1940 ubutegetsi bw'ingoma ngari yari ikomeye cyane bwaneshejwe n'umugabo w'amahoro wiyoroshyaga cyane mu myambarire.
text: Ubuhinde burizihiza imyaka 150 ishize Mahatma Gandhi avutse Uwo nawe yari Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wamenyakanye cyane ku izina rya Mahatma. Muri icyo gihe Ubuhinde bwayoborwaga n'ubwami bw'Ubwongereza. Nk'impirimbanyi ya politiki ikerebutse cyane, Gandhi yaharaniye ubwigenge bw'Ubuhinde n'uburenganzira bw'abari bakennye cyane. Urugero rwo guharanira mu mahoro ubwigenge bw'igihugu cye ruracyashimwa cyane hirya no hino ku isi. Mu kwibuka imyaka 150 ishize avutse, turareba ibintu by'ingenzi byamuranze. Yavutse ku bifite Mohandas K. Gandhi yavukiye mu ntara ya Porbandar ku itariki ya 2 z'ukwezi kwa cumi 1869. Umuryango we wari ufite inkomoko mu baherwe - ise yari umukuru w'iyo ntara. Gandhi afite imyaka 7 mu majyaruguru y'Ubuhinde Nyina yari umuntu usenga cyane wanamwigishije imico ikomeye y'abahindu akibanda cyane kutarya inyama, kwihanganirana mu by'amadini, kubaho mu buzima bwiyoroheje no kutagira urugomo. Ise yatabarutse adahari Afite imyaka 13 Gandhi yarongoye Kasturba, umukobwa wo mu karere yari atuyemo wari ufite imyaka 14. Akiri umusore, Gandhi yigometse ku myemerere y'idini ikarishye y'umuryango we: yariye inyama ndetse anajya mu nzu y'indaya nubwo bwose yavuze ko ntayo yaryamanye nayo. Nyamara yashishikazwaga cyane ko kwikosora kandi akicuza igihe cyose yabaga yakoze ikibi. Igihe se yari hafi yo gupfa, Gandhi yagiye kugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umugore we maze apfa adahari. Imyigaragambyo mu mahoro ya Gandhi yageze kuri byinshi kurusha urugomo Mu gitabo yanditse ku buzima bwe, Gandhi yavuze ko yicujije impamvu ise yapfye adahari. Igihe umugore we yasamaga maze umwana abyaye agapfa hashize igihe gito avutse, Gandhi yabifashe nk'igihano imana yamuhaye kubera ko ise yapfuye adahari. Yiyemeze kubaho nta mugore Igihe yigaga amategeko i Londres, Gandhi yahuye n'abari mu muryango ukuririkirana iby'iyobokamana, bamushishikarije kureba yitonze inyandiko z'abahindu cyane cyane iyitwa Bhagavad Gita. Mu nyuma yavuze ko iyi nyandiko ya kera y'abahinde yamuzanire ituze muriwe. Gukunda idini ry'abahindu byariyongereye kuri we ariko rero anasesengura ibyerekeranye n'andi madini. Ashishikazwa cyane n'ibwiriza rya Yesu ku musozi. Gandhi n'umugore we Kasturba mu Buhinde muri 1915 Ibyo rero byatumye agarukira amahame ya kera y'idini ry'abahindu yamenye akiri muto: kutarya inyama, kutanwa inzoga no kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Yaje rero kwiyemeza kubaho nta mugore (nyuma yo kubyara abana bane - uwa gatanu agapfa akivuka) kandi atangira no kwambara icyo yitaga ikanzu ye y'ikiriyo ifite ibara ry'umweru. Mu gisa n'igerageza ritavugwaho rumwe na bose, Gandhi yasabye mwishywa we mukuru - Manu - n'abandi bagore ku musanga mu gitanda igihe yari aryamye yambaye ubusa kugira ngo "agerageze irarikira rye ry'igitsina" nkuko byanditswe n'uwa mwanditseho igitabo Ramachandra Guha. Nubwo nta gihamya cy'uko yaba yaragiranye n'umwe muribo imibonano mpuzabitsina ubwo bushakashatsi bwe bwamaze hafi ibyumweru bibiri bwaranenzwe cyane. Kurwanya ivanguramoko muri Afurika yepfo Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo ye, Gandhi yagarutse mu Buhinde kugirango atangire akazi k'umunyamategeko. Yatsinzwe urubanza rwe rwa mbere kandi anasohorwa nabi mu biro by'umutegetsi w'umwongereza. Amaze gukozwa isoni, Gandhi yemeye kujya gukora muri Afurika yepfo aho yagiye muri 1893 maze amarayo imyaka 21. Mu gihe yagendaga imbere mu gihugu yirukanywe mu myanya ihenze ya gari ya moshi kubera ibara ry'uruhu rwe. Gandhi igiye yari umunyamategeko muri Afurika yepfo Kubera kubabazwa n'uko abimukira b'abahindi bari bafashwe muri Afurika yepfo, yashinze umuryango witwa Indian Congress mu ntara ya Natal muri gahunda yo kurwanya ivanguramoko ngo gutangiza imyigaragambyo y'amahoro. Yatawe muri yombi kubera gukoresha imyigaragambyo yo guhagarika akazi no kwamagana umusoro wakwaga abahinde ariko byabaye ngombwa ko abongereza bavanaho uwo musoro kandi banarekura Gandhi. Inkuru y'itsinzi ye yavuzwe cyane mu Bwongereza maze Gandhi atangira kumenyekana mu mahanga. Yashinjwe gushishikariza abaturage kwivumbura Gandhi yagarutse mu Buhinde maze atangira igikorwa cyo guharanira ubwigenge bw'icyo gihugu nyuma y'iyicwa ry'abantu mu mujyi wa Amritsar wiganjemo aba Sikh aho abongereza barashe ku bari myigaragambyo bakica 400 naho 1300 bagakomereka. Guhamagarira abantu gukora imyigaragambyo mu mahoro byakiriwe neza n'abahinde bo mu ngeri zose n'amadini yose. Yashishikarije abaturage kutubahiriza amategeko y'abongereza ndetse ko kutagura ibicuruzwa byabo. Abongereza bahise bamuta muri yombi bamushinja guhamagarira abaturage kwivumbura ku butegetsi maze bamufunga imyaka ibiri. Gandhi yiyicishije inzara yamagana ubutegetsi bw'abongereza amaze gufungurwa Mu 1931, Gandhi yaje i Londres mu nama nkuru nk'umuntu umwe rukumbi wari uhagararire ishyaka rya Indian National Congress. Yahasize ishusho ikomeye yambaye imyenda gakondo y'abahinde. Ariko iyo nama nkuru ntacyo yamarire Gandhi icyo gihe wari ufite imyaka 62. Gandhi i Londres muri 1931 mu nama nkuru ku kazaza k'Ubuhinde Abongereza ntabwo bari biteguye guha Ubuhinde ubwigenge kandi benshi mu bayisilamu, aba Sikh n'izindi ntumwa zari muri iyo nama ntabwo bari bashyigikiye ukuntu Gandhi yabonaga Ubuhinde bwakwiyunga. Ntabwo babonaga ko yavugiraga abahinde bose. Nyuma y'ibi Gandhi yavuye mu buyobozi bw'ishyaka rya Congress Party ava no muri politiki ariko akomeza ibikorwa by'ubukangurambaga bugamije kurwanya kunena abahinde bwo mu bwoko bw'aba Dalits. Nyamara ariko ubushobozi bwe bwo guhuriza hamwe rubanda mu mahoro bagakora ibikorwa bito bito by'ubwigomeke byatumye Ubwongereza butangira kujya mu biganiro. Kuvanaho ingoma ngari Mu gihe intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yagabanyaga ubushobozi bw'Ubwongereza ku bihugu byari mu ngoma ngari yabwo, icyo Gandhi yari yaraharaniye yakigezeho. Muri 1947, Ubuhinde bwabonye ubwigenge. Ariko rero icyizere cye ko abahindu n'abayisilamu bashoboraga kubana mu gihugu kimwe kiyoyoka igihe icyo gihugu cyagabanwagamo ibihugu bibiri: Ubuhinde na Pakistani. Gandhi n'abazukuru be Manu (ibumoso) na Abha (iburyo) Uko gucamo igihugu mwo ibice bibiri byatumye harushaho kubaho ibikorwa by'urugomo. Gandhi yasubiye i Delhi kugirango arinde abayisilamu bari barahisemo kuguma mu Buhinde maze atangira kwiyicisha inzara mu guharanira uburenganzira bw'abayisilamu. Mu gihe kiri munsi y'amezi atandatu igihugu kibonye ubwigenge, Gandhi yari mu nzira agiye mu nama y'amasengesho muri uwo mujyi igihe yaraswaga n'umusore w'umuhindu. Uwo musore yari arakajwe no kubona Gandhi yari yoroheye abayisilamu na Pakistani. Abantu hirya no hino ku isi batahirije umugozi umwe mu kunamira umugabo wari ikimenyetso cy'amahoro utarabashije gukabya inzozi ze zo kubona Ubuhinde butuwe n'abaturage badatandukanijwe n'amadini, amoko n'ibyiciro by'ubukire bwabo.