#
YOLOS

##
Overview

The YOLOS model was proposed in You Only Look at One Sequence: Rethinking Transformer in Vision through Object Detection by Yuxin Fang, Bencheng Liao, Xinggang Wang, Jiemin Fang, Jiyang Qi, Rui Wu, Jianwei Niu, Wenyu Liu. YOLOS proposes to just leverage the plain Vision Transformer (ViT) for object detection, inspired by DETR. It turns out that a base-sized encoder-only Transformer can also achieve 42 AP on COCO, similar to DETR and much more complex frameworks such as Faster R-CNN.

The abstract from the paper is the following:

Can Transformer perform 2D object- and region-level recognition from a pure sequence-to-sequence perspective with minimal knowledge about the 2D spatial structure? To answer this question, we present You Only Look at One Sequence (YOLOS), a series of object detection models based on the vanilla Vision Transformer with the fewest possible modifications, region priors, as well as inductive biases of the target task. We find that YOLOS pre-trained on the mid-sized ImageNet-1k dataset only can already achieve quite competitive performance on the challenging COCO object detection benchmark, e.g., YOLOS-Base directly adopted from BERT-Base architecture can obtain 42.0 box AP on COCO val. We also discuss the impacts as well as limitations of current pre-train schemes and model scaling strategies for Transformer in vision through YOLOS.

YOLOS architecture. Taken from the original paper.

This model was contributed by nielsr. The original code can be found here.

##
Using Scaled Dot Product Attention (SDPA)

PyTorch includes a native scaled dot-product attention (SDPA) operator as part of `torch.nn.functional`. This function encompasses several implementations that can be applied depending on the inputs and the hardware in use. See the official documentation or the GPU Inference page for more information.

SDPA is used by default for `torch>=2.1.1` when an implementation is available, but you may also set `attn_implementation="sdpa"` in `from_pretrained()` to explicitly request SDPA to be used.

    from transformers import AutoModelForObjectDetection
    model = AutoModelForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("hustvl/yolos-base", attn_implementation="sdpa", torch_dtype=torch.float16)
    ...

For the best speedups, we recommend loading the model in half-precision (e.g. `torch.float16` or `torch.bfloat16`).

On a local benchmark (A100-40GB, PyTorch 2.3.0, OS Ubuntu 22.04) with `float32` and `hustvl/yolos-base` model, we saw the following speedups during inference.

Batch size | Average inference time (ms), eager mode | Average inference time (ms), sdpa model | Speed up, Sdpa / Eager (x)
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | 106 | 76 | 1.39
2 | 154 | 90 | 1.71
4 | 222 | 116 | 1.91
8 | 368 | 168 | 2.19

##
Resources

A list of official Hugging Face and community (indicated by 🌎) resources to help you get started with YOLOS.

Object Detection

- All example notebooks illustrating inference + fine-tuning YolosForObjectDetection on a custom dataset can be found here.
- Scripts for finetuning YolosForObjectDetection with Trainer or Accelerate can be found here.
- See also: Object detection task guide

If you’re interested in submitting a resource to be included here, please feel free to open a Pull Request and we’ll review it! The resource should ideally demonstrate something new instead of duplicating an existing resource.

Use YolosImageProcessor for preparing images (and optional targets) for the model. Contrary to DETR, YOLOS doesn’t require a `pixel_mask` to be created.

##
YolosConfig

###
class transformers.YolosConfig

< source >

( hidden_size = 768 num_hidden_layers = 12 num_attention_heads = 12 intermediate_size = 3072 hidden_act = 'gelu' hidden_dropout_prob = 0.0 attention_probs_dropout_prob = 0.0 initializer_range = 0.02 layer_norm_eps = 1e-12 image_size = [512, 864] patch_size = 16 num_channels = 3 qkv_bias = True num_detection_tokens = 100 use_mid_position_embeddings = True auxiliary_loss = False class_cost = 1 bbox_cost = 5 giou_cost = 2 bbox_loss_coefficient = 5 giou_loss_coefficient = 2 eos_coefficient = 0.1 **kwargs )

Parameters

- hidden_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 768) — Dimensionality of the encoder layers and the pooler layer.
- num_hidden_layers (`int`, optional, defaults to 12) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer encoder.
- num_attention_heads (`int`, optional, defaults to 12) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
- intermediate_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 3072) — Dimensionality of the “intermediate” (i.e., feed-forward) layer in the Transformer encoder.
- hidden_act (`str` or `function`, optional, defaults to `"gelu"`) — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler. If string, `"gelu"`, `"relu"`, `"selu"` and `"gelu_new"` are supported.
- hidden_dropout_prob (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.
- attention_probs_dropout_prob (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.
- initializer_range (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
- layer_norm_eps (`float`, optional, defaults to 1e-12) — The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
- image_size (`List[int]`, optional, defaults to `[512, 864]`) — The size (resolution) of each image.
- patch_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 16) — The size (resolution) of each patch.
- num_channels (`int`, optional, defaults to 3) — The number of input channels.
- qkv_bias (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to add a bias to the queries, keys and values.
- num_detection_tokens (`int`, optional, defaults to 100) — The number of detection tokens.
- use_mid_position_embeddings (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to use the mid-layer position encodings.
- auxiliary_loss (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether auxiliary decoding losses (loss at each decoder layer) are to be used.
- class_cost (`float`, optional, defaults to 1) — Relative weight of the classification error in the Hungarian matching cost.
- bbox_cost (`float`, optional, defaults to 5) — Relative weight of the L1 error of the bounding box coordinates in the Hungarian matching cost.
- giou_cost (`float`, optional, defaults to 2) — Relative weight of the generalized IoU loss of the bounding box in the Hungarian matching cost.
- bbox_loss_coefficient (`float`, optional, defaults to 5) — Relative weight of the L1 bounding box loss in the object detection loss.
- giou_loss_coefficient (`float`, optional, defaults to 2) — Relative weight of the generalized IoU loss in the object detection loss.
- eos_coefficient (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — Relative classification weight of the ‘no-object’ class in the object detection loss.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a YolosModel. It is used to instantiate a YOLOS model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the YOLOS hustvl/yolos-base architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import YolosConfig, YolosModel

    >>> # Initializing a YOLOS hustvl/yolos-base style configuration
    >>> configuration = YolosConfig()

    >>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the hustvl/yolos-base style configuration
    >>> model = YolosModel(configuration)

    >>> # Accessing the model configuration
    >>> configuration = model.config

##
YolosImageProcessor

###
class transformers.YolosImageProcessor

< source >

( format: typing.Union[str, transformers.image_utils.AnnotationFormat] = <AnnotationFormat.COCO_DETECTION: 'coco_detection'> do_resize: bool = True size: typing.Dict[str, int] = None resample: Resampling = <Resampling.BILINEAR: 2> do_rescale: bool = True rescale_factor: typing.Union[int, float] = 0.00392156862745098 do_normalize: bool = True image_mean: typing.Union[float, typing.List[float]] = None image_std: typing.Union[float, typing.List[float]] = None do_convert_annotations: typing.Optional[bool] = None do_pad: bool = True pad_size: typing.Optional[typing.Dict[str, int]] = None **kwargs )

Parameters

- format (`str`, optional, defaults to `"coco_detection"`) — Data format of the annotations. One of “coco_detection” or “coco_panoptic”.
- do_resize (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Controls whether to resize the image’s (height, width) dimensions to the specified `size`. Can be overridden by the `do_resize` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- size (`Dict[str, int]` optional, defaults to `{"shortest_edge" -- 800, "longest_edge": 1333}`): Size of the image’s `(height, width)` dimensions after resizing. Can be overridden by the `size` parameter in the `preprocess` method. Available options are:
  - `{"height": int, "width": int}`: The image will be resized to the exact size `(height, width)`. Do NOT keep the aspect ratio.
  - `{"shortest_edge": int, "longest_edge": int}`: The image will be resized to a maximum size respecting the aspect ratio and keeping the shortest edge less or equal to `shortest_edge` and the longest edge less or equal to `longest_edge`.
  - `{"max_height": int, "max_width": int}`: The image will be resized to the maximum size respecting the aspect ratio and keeping the height less or equal to `max_height` and the width less or equal to `max_width`.
- resample (`PILImageResampling`, optional, defaults to `PILImageResampling.BILINEAR`) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the image.
- do_rescale (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Controls whether to rescale the image by the specified scale `rescale_factor`. Can be overridden by the `do_rescale` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- rescale_factor (`int` or `float`, optional, defaults to `1/255`) — Scale factor to use if rescaling the image. Can be overridden by the `rescale_factor` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- do_normalize — Controls whether to normalize the image. Can be overridden by the `do_normalize` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- image_mean (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to `IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN`) — Mean values to use when normalizing the image. Can be a single value or a list of values, one for each channel. Can be overridden by the `image_mean` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- image_std (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to `IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD`) — Standard deviation values to use when normalizing the image. Can be a single value or a list of values, one for each channel. Can be overridden by the `image_std` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- do_pad (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Controls whether to pad the image. Can be overridden by the `do_pad` parameter in the `preprocess` method. If `True`, padding will be applied to the bottom and right of the image with zeros. If `pad_size` is provided, the image will be padded to the specified dimensions. Otherwise, the image will be padded to the maximum height and width of the batch.
- pad_size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional) — The size `{"height": int, "width" int}` to pad the images to. Must be larger than any image size provided for preprocessing. If `pad_size` is not provided, images will be padded to the largest height and width in the batch.

Constructs a Detr image processor.

####
preprocess

< source >

( images: typing.Union[ForwardRef('PIL.Image.Image'), numpy.ndarray, ForwardRef('torch.Tensor'), list['PIL.Image.Image'], list[numpy.ndarray], list['torch.Tensor']] annotations: typing.Union[dict[str, typing.Union[int, str, list[dict]]], typing.List[dict[str, typing.Union[int, str, list[dict]]]], NoneType] = None return_segmentation_masks: typing.Optional[bool] = None masks_path: typing.Union[str, pathlib.Path, NoneType] = None do_resize: typing.Optional[bool] = None size: typing.Optional[typing.Dict[str, int]] = None resample = None do_rescale: typing.Optional[bool] = None rescale_factor: typing.Union[int, float, NoneType] = None do_normalize: typing.Optional[bool] = None image_mean: typing.Union[float, typing.List[float], NoneType] = None image_std: typing.Union[float, typing.List[float], NoneType] = None do_convert_annotations: typing.Optional[bool] = None do_pad: typing.Optional[bool] = None format: typing.Union[str, transformers.image_utils.AnnotationFormat, NoneType] = None return_tensors: typing.Union[str, transformers.utils.generic.TensorType, NoneType] = None data_format: typing.Union[str, transformers.image_utils.ChannelDimension] = <ChannelDimension.FIRST: 'channels_first'> input_data_format: typing.Union[str, transformers.image_utils.ChannelDimension, NoneType] = None pad_size: typing.Optional[typing.Dict[str, int]] = None **kwargs )

Parameters

- images (`ImageInput`) — Image or batch of images to preprocess. Expects a single or batch of images with pixel values ranging from 0 to 255. If passing in images with pixel values between 0 and 1, set `do_rescale=False`.
- annotations (`AnnotationType` or `List[AnnotationType]`, optional) — List of annotations associated with the image or batch of images. If annotation is for object detection, the annotations should be a dictionary with the following keys:
  - “image_id” (`int`): The image id.
  - “annotations” (`List[Dict]`): List of annotations for an image. Each annotation should be a dictionary. An image can have no annotations, in which case the list should be empty. If annotation is for segmentation, the annotations should be a dictionary with the following keys:
  - “image_id” (`int`): The image id.
  - “segments_info” (`List[Dict]`): List of segments for an image. Each segment should be a dictionary. An image can have no segments, in which case the list should be empty.
  - “file_name” (`str`): The file name of the image.
- return_segmentation_masks (`bool`, optional, defaults to self.return_segmentation_masks) — Whether to return segmentation masks.
- masks_path (`str` or `pathlib.Path`, optional) — Path to the directory containing the segmentation masks.
- do_resize (`bool`, optional, defaults to self.do_resize) — Whether to resize the image.
- size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional, defaults to self.size) — Size of the image’s `(height, width)` dimensions after resizing. Available options are:
  - `{"height": int, "width": int}`: The image will be resized to the exact size `(height, width)`. Do NOT keep the aspect ratio.
  - `{"shortest_edge": int, "longest_edge": int}`: The image will be resized to a maximum size respecting the aspect ratio and keeping the shortest edge less or equal to `shortest_edge` and the longest edge less or equal to `longest_edge`.
  - `{"max_height": int, "max_width": int}`: The image will be resized to the maximum size respecting the aspect ratio and keeping the height less or equal to `max_height` and the width less or equal to `max_width`.
- resample (`PILImageResampling`, optional, defaults to self.resample) — Resampling filter to use when resizing the image.
- do_rescale (`bool`, optional, defaults to self.do_rescale) — Whether to rescale the image.
- rescale_factor (`float`, optional, defaults to self.rescale_factor) — Rescale factor to use when rescaling the image.
- do_normalize (`bool`, optional, defaults to self.do_normalize) — Whether to normalize the image.
- image_mean (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to self.image_mean) — Mean to use when normalizing the image.
- image_std (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to self.image_std) — Standard deviation to use when normalizing the image.
- do_convert_annotations (`bool`, optional, defaults to self.do_convert_annotations) — Whether to convert the annotations to the format expected by the model. Converts the bounding boxes from the format `(top_left_x, top_left_y, width, height)` to `(center_x, center_y, width, height)` and in relative coordinates.
- do_pad (`bool`, optional, defaults to self.do_pad) — Whether to pad the image. If `True`, padding will be applied to the bottom and right of the image with zeros. If `pad_size` is provided, the image will be padded to the specified dimensions. Otherwise, the image will be padded to the maximum height and width of the batch.
- format (`str` or `AnnotationFormat`, optional, defaults to self.format) — Format of the annotations.
- return_tensors (`str` or `TensorType`, optional, defaults to self.return_tensors) — Type of tensors to return. If `None`, will return the list of images.
- data_format (`str` or `ChannelDimension`, optional, defaults to self.data_format) — The channel dimension format of the image. If not provided, it will be the same as the input image.
- input_data_format (`ChannelDimension` or `str`, optional) — The channel dimension format for the input image. If unset, the channel dimension format is inferred from the input image. Can be one of:
  - `"channels_first"` or `ChannelDimension.FIRST`: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
  - `"channels_last"` or `ChannelDimension.LAST`: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
  - `"none"` or `ChannelDimension.NONE`: image in (height, width) format.
- pad_size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional) — The size `{"height": int, "width" int}` to pad the images to. Must be larger than any image size provided for preprocessing. If `pad_size` is not provided, images will be padded to the largest height and width in the batch.

Preprocess an image or a batch of images so that it can be used by the model.

####
pad

< source >

( images: typing.List[numpy.ndarray] annotations: typing.Optional[typing.List[typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]]] = None constant_values: typing.Union[float, typing.Iterable[float]] = 0 return_pixel_mask: bool = False return_tensors: typing.Union[str, transformers.utils.generic.TensorType, NoneType] = None data_format: typing.Optional[transformers.image_utils.ChannelDimension] = None input_data_format: typing.Union[str, transformers.image_utils.ChannelDimension, NoneType] = None update_bboxes: bool = True pad_size: typing.Optional[typing.Dict[str, int]] = None )

Parameters

- image (`np.ndarray`) — Image to pad.
- annotations (`List[Dict[str, any]]`, optional) — Annotations to pad along with the images. If provided, the bounding boxes will be updated to match the padded images.
- constant_values (`float` or `Iterable[float]`, optional) — The value to use for the padding if `mode` is `"constant"`.
- return_pixel_mask (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to return a pixel mask.
- return_tensors (`str` or `TensorType`, optional) — The type of tensors to return. Can be one of:
  - Unset: Return a list of `np.ndarray`.
  - `TensorType.TENSORFLOW` or `'tf'`: Return a batch of type `tf.Tensor`.
  - `TensorType.PYTORCH` or `'pt'`: Return a batch of type `torch.Tensor`.
  - `TensorType.NUMPY` or `'np'`: Return a batch of type `np.ndarray`.
  - `TensorType.JAX` or `'jax'`: Return a batch of type `jax.numpy.ndarray`.
- data_format (`str` or `ChannelDimension`, optional) — The channel dimension format of the image. If not provided, it will be the same as the input image.
- input_data_format (`ChannelDimension` or `str`, optional) — The channel dimension format of the input image. If not provided, it will be inferred.
- update_bboxes (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to update the bounding boxes in the annotations to match the padded images. If the bounding boxes have not been converted to relative coordinates and `(centre_x, centre_y, width, height)` format, the bounding boxes will not be updated.
- pad_size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional) — The size `{"height": int, "width" int}` to pad the images to. Must be larger than any image size provided for preprocessing. If `pad_size` is not provided, images will be padded to the largest height and width in the batch.

Pads a batch of images to the bottom and right of the image with zeros to the size of largest height and width in the batch and optionally returns their corresponding pixel mask.

####
post_process_object_detection

< source >

( outputs threshold: float = 0.5 target_sizes: typing.Union[transformers.utils.generic.TensorType, typing.List[typing.Tuple]] = None ) →
`List[Dict]`

Parameters

- outputs (`YolosObjectDetectionOutput`) — Raw outputs of the model.
- threshold (`float`, optional) — Score threshold to keep object detection predictions.
- target_sizes (`torch.Tensor` or `List[Tuple[int, int]]`, optional) — Tensor of shape `(batch_size, 2)` or list of tuples (`Tuple[int, int]`) containing the target size `(height, width)` of each image in the batch. If unset, predictions will not be resized.

Returns

`List[Dict]`

A list of dictionaries, each dictionary containing the scores, labels and boxes for an image in the batch as predicted by the model.

Converts the raw output of YolosForObjectDetection into final bounding boxes in (top_left_x, top_left_y, bottom_right_x, bottom_right_y) format. Only supports PyTorch.

##
YolosFeatureExtractor

###
class transformers.YolosFeatureExtractor

< source >

( *args **kwargs )

####
__call__

< source >

( images **kwargs )

Preprocess an image or a batch of images.

####
pad

< source >

( images: typing.List[numpy.ndarray] annotations: typing.Optional[typing.List[typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]]] = None constant_values: typing.Union[float, typing.Iterable[float]] = 0 return_pixel_mask: bool = False return_tensors: typing.Union[str, transformers.utils.generic.TensorType, NoneType] = None data_format: typing.Optional[transformers.image_utils.ChannelDimension] = None input_data_format: typing.Union[str, transformers.image_utils.ChannelDimension, NoneType] = None update_bboxes: bool = True pad_size: typing.Optional[typing.Dict[str, int]] = None )

Parameters

- image (`np.ndarray`) — Image to pad.
- annotations (`List[Dict[str, any]]`, optional) — Annotations to pad along with the images. If provided, the bounding boxes will be updated to match the padded images.
- constant_values (`float` or `Iterable[float]`, optional) — The value to use for the padding if `mode` is `"constant"`.
- return_pixel_mask (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to return a pixel mask.
- return_tensors (`str` or `TensorType`, optional) — The type of tensors to return. Can be one of:
  - Unset: Return a list of `np.ndarray`.
  - `TensorType.TENSORFLOW` or `'tf'`: Return a batch of type `tf.Tensor`.
  - `TensorType.PYTORCH` or `'pt'`: Return a batch of type `torch.Tensor`.
  - `TensorType.NUMPY` or `'np'`: Return a batch of type `np.ndarray`.
  - `TensorType.JAX` or `'jax'`: Return a batch of type `jax.numpy.ndarray`.
- data_format (`str` or `ChannelDimension`, optional) — The channel dimension format of the image. If not provided, it will be the same as the input image.
- input_data_format (`ChannelDimension` or `str`, optional) — The channel dimension format of the input image. If not provided, it will be inferred.
- update_bboxes (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to update the bounding boxes in the annotations to match the padded images. If the bounding boxes have not been converted to relative coordinates and `(centre_x, centre_y, width, height)` format, the bounding boxes will not be updated.
- pad_size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional) — The size `{"height": int, "width" int}` to pad the images to. Must be larger than any image size provided for preprocessing. If `pad_size` is not provided, images will be padded to the largest height and width in the batch.

Pads a batch of images to the bottom and right of the image with zeros to the size of largest height and width in the batch and optionally returns their corresponding pixel mask.

####
post_process_object_detection

< source >

( outputs threshold: float = 0.5 target_sizes: typing.Union[transformers.utils.generic.TensorType, typing.List[typing.Tuple]] = None ) →
`List[Dict]`

Parameters

- outputs (`YolosObjectDetectionOutput`) — Raw outputs of the model.
- threshold (`float`, optional) — Score threshold to keep object detection predictions.
- target_sizes (`torch.Tensor` or `List[Tuple[int, int]]`, optional) — Tensor of shape `(batch_size, 2)` or list of tuples (`Tuple[int, int]`) containing the target size `(height, width)` of each image in the batch. If unset, predictions will not be resized.

Returns

`List[Dict]`

A list of dictionaries, each dictionary containing the scores, labels and boxes for an image in the batch as predicted by the model.

Converts the raw output of YolosForObjectDetection into final bounding boxes in (top_left_x, top_left_y, bottom_right_x, bottom_right_y) format. Only supports PyTorch.

##
YolosModel

###
class transformers.YolosModel

< source >

( config: YolosConfig add_pooling_layer: bool = True )

Parameters

- config (YolosConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare YOLOS Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top. This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( pixel_values: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`) — Pixel values. Pixel values can be obtained using AutoImageProcessor. See YolosImageProcessor.call() for details.
- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (YolosConfig) and inputs.

- last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

- pooler_output (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, hidden_size)`) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) after further processing through the layers used for the auxiliary pretraining task. E.g. for BERT-family of models, this returns the classification token after processing through a linear layer and a tanh activation function. The linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The YolosModel forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, YolosModel
    >>> import torch
    >>> from datasets import load_dataset

    >>> dataset = load_dataset("huggingface/cats-image", trust_remote_code=True)
    >>> image = dataset["test"]["image"][0]

    >>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("hustvl/yolos-small")
    >>> model = YolosModel.from_pretrained("hustvl/yolos-small")

    >>> inputs = image_processor(image, return_tensors="pt")

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
    >>> list(last_hidden_states.shape)
    [1, 3401, 384]

##
YolosForObjectDetection

###
class transformers.YolosForObjectDetection

< source >

( config: YolosConfig )

Parameters

- config (YolosConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

YOLOS Model (consisting of a ViT encoder) with object detection heads on top, for tasks such as COCO detection.

This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

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( pixel_values: FloatTensor labels: typing.Optional[typing.List[typing.Dict]] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
`transformers.models.yolos.modeling_yolos.YolosObjectDetectionOutput` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`) — Pixel values. Pixel values can be obtained using AutoImageProcessor. See YolosImageProcessor.call() for details.
- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`List[Dict]` of len `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the bipartite matching loss. List of dicts, each dictionary containing at least the following 2 keys: `'class_labels'` and `'boxes'` (the class labels and bounding boxes of an image in the batch respectively). The class labels themselves should be a `torch.LongTensor` of len `(number of bounding boxes in the image,)` and the boxes a `torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(number of bounding boxes in the image, 4)`.

Returns

`transformers.models.yolos.modeling_yolos.YolosObjectDetectionOutput` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A `transformers.models.yolos.modeling_yolos.YolosObjectDetectionOutput` or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (YolosConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` are provided)) — Total loss as a linear combination of a negative log-likehood (cross-entropy) for class prediction and a bounding box loss. The latter is defined as a linear combination of the L1 loss and the generalized scale-invariant IoU loss.
- loss_dict (`Dict`, optional) — A dictionary containing the individual losses. Useful for logging.
- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, num_classes + 1)`) — Classification logits (including no-object) for all queries.
- pred_boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, 4)`) — Normalized boxes coordinates for all queries, represented as (center_x, center_y, width, height). These values are normalized in [0, 1], relative to the size of each individual image in the batch (disregarding possible padding). You can use `post_process()` to retrieve the unnormalized bounding boxes.
- auxiliary_outputs (`list[Dict]`, optional) — Optional, only returned when auxilary losses are activated (i.e. `config.auxiliary_loss` is set to `True`) and labels are provided. It is a list of dictionaries containing the two above keys (`logits` and `pred_boxes`) for each decoder layer.
- last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the decoder of the model.
- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`. Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`. Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The YolosForObjectDetection forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

    >>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModelForObjectDetection
    >>> import torch
    >>> from PIL import Image
    >>> import requests

    >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
    >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

    >>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("hustvl/yolos-tiny")
    >>> model = AutoModelForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("hustvl/yolos-tiny")

    >>> inputs = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> # convert outputs (bounding boxes and class logits) to Pascal VOC format (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
    >>> target_sizes = torch.tensor([image.size[::-1]])
    >>> results = image_processor.post_process_object_detection(outputs, threshold=0.9, target_sizes=target_sizes)[
    ...     0
    ... ]

    >>> for score, label, box in zip(results["scores"], results["labels"], results["boxes"]):
    ...     box = [round(i, 2) for i in box.tolist()]
    ...     print(
    ...         f"Detected {model.config.id2label[label.item()]} with confidence "
    ...         f"{round(score.item(), 3)} at location {box}"
    ...     )
    Detected remote with confidence 0.991 at location [46.48, 72.78, 178.98, 119.3]
    Detected remote with confidence 0.908 at location [336.48, 79.27, 368.23, 192.36]
    Detected cat with confidence 0.934 at location [337.18, 18.06, 638.14, 373.09]
    Detected cat with confidence 0.979 at location [10.93, 53.74, 313.41, 470.67]
    Detected remote with confidence 0.974 at location [41.63, 72.23, 178.09, 119.99]

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