#
LLaVa-NeXT-Video

##
Overview

The LLaVa-NeXT-Video model was proposed in LLaVA-NeXT: A Strong Zero-shot Video Understanding Model by Yuanhan Zhang, Bo Li, Haotian Liu, Yong Jae Lee, Liangke Gui, Di Fu, Jiashi Feng, Ziwei Liu, Chunyuan Li. LLaVa-NeXT-Video improves upon LLaVa-NeXT by fine-tuning on a mix if video and image dataset thus increasing the model’s performance on videos.

LLaVA-NeXT surprisingly has strong performance in understanding video content in zero-shot fashion with the AnyRes technique that it uses. The AnyRes technique naturally represents a high-resolution image into multiple images. This technique is naturally generalizable to represent videos because videos can be considered as a set of frames (similar to a set of images in LLaVa-NeXT). The current version of LLaVA-NeXT makes use of AnyRes and trains with supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on top of LLaVA-Next on video data to achieves better video understanding capabilities.The model is a current SOTA among open-source models on VideoMME bench.

The introduction from the blog is the following:

On January 30, 2024, we released LLaVA-NeXT, an open-source Large Multimodal Model (LMM) that has been trained exclusively on text-image data. With the proposed AnyRes technique, it boosts capabilities in reasoning, OCR, and world knowledge, demonstrating remarkable performance across a spectrum of image-based multimodal understanding tasks, and even exceeding Gemini-Pro on several image benchmarks, e.g. MMMU and MathVista.

**In today’s exploration, we delve into the performance of LLaVA-NeXT within the realm of video understanding tasks. We reveal that LLaVA-NeXT surprisingly has strong performance in understanding video content. The current version of LLaVA-NeXT for videos has several improvements:

- Zero-shot video representation capabilities with AnyRes: The AnyRes technique naturally represents a high-resolution image into multiple images that a pre-trained VIT is able to digest, and forms them into a concantenated sequence. This technique is naturally generalizable to represent videos (consisting of multiple frames), allowing the image-only-trained LLaVA-Next model to perform surprisingly well on video tasks. Notably, this is the first time that LMMs show strong zero-shot modality transfer ability.
- Inference with length generalization improves on longer videos. The linear scaling technique enables length generalization, allowing LLaVA-NeXT to effectively handle long-video beyond the limitation of the “max_token_length” of the LLM.
- Strong video understanding ability. (1) LLaVA-Next-Image, which combines the above two techniques, yields superior zero-shot performance than open-source LMMs tuned on videos. (2) LLaVA-Next-Video, further supervised fine-tuning (SFT) LLaVA-Next-Image on video data, achieves better video understanding capabilities compared to LLaVA-Next-Image. (3) LLaVA-Next-Video-DPO, which aligns the model response with AI feedback using direct preference optimization (DPO), showing significant performance boost.
- Efficient deployment and inference with SGLang. It allows 5x faster inference on video tasks, allowing more scalable serving such as million-level video re-captioning. See instructions in our repo.**

This model was contributed by RaushanTurganbay. The original code can be found here.

##
Usage tips

- We advise users to use `padding_side="left"` when computing batched generation as it leads to more accurate results. Simply make sure to call `processor.tokenizer.padding_side = "left"` before generating.

- Llava-Next uses different number of patches for images and thus has to pad the inputs inside modeling code, aside from the padding done when processing the inputs. The default setting is “left-padding” if model is in `eval()` mode, otherwise “right-padding”.

- Note that each checkpoint has been trained with a specific prompt format, depending on which large language model (LLM) was used. You can use tokenizer’s `apply_chat_template` to format your prompts correctly. Below is an example of how to do that.

We will use LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf and a conversation history of videos and images. Each content field has to be a list of dicts, as follows:

    from transformers import LlavaNextVideoProcessor

    processor = LlavaNextVideoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf")

    conversation = [
        {
            "role": "system",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions."},
                ],
        },
        {
            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "What’s shown in this image?"},
                {"type": "image"},
                ],
        },
        {
            "role": "assistant",
            "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "This image shows a red stop sign."},]
        },
        {

            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "Why is this video funny?"},
                {"type": "video"},
                ],
        },
    ]

    text_prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)

    # Note that the template simply formats your prompt, you still have to tokenize it and obtain pixel values for your visuals
    print(text_prompt)

##
Usage example

###
Single Media Mode

The model can accept both images and videos as input. Here’s an example code for inference in half-precision (`torch.float16`):

    import av
    import torch
    import numpy as np
    from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration, LlavaNextVideoProcessor

    def read_video_pyav(container, indices):
        '''
        Decode the video with PyAV decoder.
        Args:
            container (`av.container.input.InputContainer`): PyAV container.
            indices (`List[int]`): List of frame indices to decode.
        Returns:
            result (np.ndarray): np array of decoded frames of shape (num_frames, height, width, 3).
        '''
        frames = []
        container.seek(0)
        start_index = indices[0]
        end_index = indices[-1]
        for i, frame in enumerate(container.decode(video=0)):
            if i > end_index:
                break
            if i >= start_index and i in indices:
                frames.append(frame)
        return np.stack([x.to_ndarray(format="rgb24") for x in frames])

    # Load the model in half-precision
    model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto")
    processor = LlavaNextVideoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf")

    # Load the video as an np.array, sampling uniformly 8 frames (can sample more for longer videos)
    video_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id="raushan-testing-hf/videos-test", filename="sample_demo_1.mp4", repo_type="dataset")
    container = av.open(video_path)
    total_frames = container.streams.video[0].frames
    indices = np.arange(0, total_frames, total_frames / 8).astype(int)
    video = read_video_pyav(container, indices)

    conversation = [
        {

            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "Why is this video funny?"},
                {"type": "video"},
                ],
        },
    ]

    prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)
    inputs = processor(text=prompt, videos=video, return_tensors="pt")

    out = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=60)
    processor.batch_decode(out, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True)

###
Mixed Media Mode

The model can also generate from an interleaved image-video inputs. However note, that it was not trained in interleaved image-video setting which might affect the performance. Below is an example usage for mixed media input, add the following lines to the above code snippet:

    from PIL import Image
    import requests

    # Generate from image and video mixed inputs
    # Load and image and write a new prompt
    url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
    image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
    conversation = [
        {

            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "How many cats are there in the image?"},
                {"type": "image"},
                ],
        },
        {

            "role": "assistant",
            "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "There are two cats"}],
        },
        {

            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "Why is this video funny?"},
                {"type": "video"},
                ],
        },
    ]
    prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)
    inputs = processor(text=prompt, images=image, videos=clip, padding=True, return_tensors="pt")

    # Generate
    generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=50)
    processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True)

##
Model optimization

###
Quantization using Bitsandbytes for memory efficiency

The model can be loaded in lower bits, significantly reducing memory burden while maintaining the performance of the original model. This allows for efficient deployment on resource-constrained cases.

First make sure to install bitsandbytes by running `pip install bitsandbytes` and to have access to a CUDA compatible GPU device. Load the quantized model by simply adding `BitsAndBytesConfig` as shown below:

    from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration, LlavaNextVideoProcessor

    # specify how to quantize the model
    quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
        load_in_4bit=True,
        bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
        bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16,
    )

    model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", quantization_config=quantization_config, device_map="auto")

###
Flash-Attention 2 to speed-up generation

Additionally, we can greatly speed-up model inference by using Flash Attention, which is a faster implementation of the attention mechanism used inside the model.

First, make sure to install the latest version of Flash Attention 2:

    pip install -U flash-attn --no-build-isolation

Also, you should have a hardware that is compatible with Flash-Attention 2. Read more about it in the official documentation of the flash attention repository. FlashAttention-2 can only be used when a model is loaded in `torch.float16` or `torch.bfloat16`.

To load and run a model using Flash Attention-2, simply add `attn_implementation="flash_attention_2"` when loading the model as follows:

    from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

    model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
        "llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf",
        torch_dtype=torch.float16,
        attn_implementation="flash_attention_2",
    ).to(0)

##
LlavaNextVideoConfig

###
class transformers.LlavaNextVideoConfig

< source >

( vision_config = None text_config = None ignore_index = -100 image_token_index = 32001 projector_hidden_act = 'gelu' vision_feature_select_strategy = 'default' vision_feature_layer = -2 image_grid_pinpoints = None tie_word_embeddings = False video_token_index = 32000 spatial_pool_mode = 'average' spatial_pool_stride = 2 image_seq_length = 576 video_seq_length = 288 **kwargs )

Parameters

- vision_config (`Union[AutoConfig, dict]`, optional, defaults to `CLIPVisionConfig`) — The config object or dictionary of the vision backbone.
- text_config (`Union[AutoConfig, dict]`, optional, defaults to `LlamaConfig`) — The config object or dictionary of the text backbone.
- ignore_index (`int`, optional, defaults to -100) — The ignore index for the loss function.
- image_token_index (`int`, optional, defaults to 32001) — The image token index to encode the image prompt.
- projector_hidden_act (`str`, optional, defaults to `"gelu"`) — The activation function used by the multimodal projector.
- vision_feature_select_strategy (`str`, optional, defaults to `"default"`) — The feature selection strategy used to select the vision feature from the vision backbone. Can be one of `"default"` or `"full"`. If `"default"`, the CLS token is removed from the vision features. If `"full"`, the full vision features are used.
- vision_feature_layer (`int`, optional, defaults to -2) — The index of the layer to select the vision feature.
- image_grid_pinpoints (`List`, optional, defaults to `[[336, 672], [672, 336], [672, 672], [1008, 336], [336, 1008]]`) — A list of possible resolutions to use for processing high resolution images. Each item in the list should be a tuple or list of the form `(height, width)`.
- tie_word_embeddings (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether the model’s input and output word embeddings should be tied.
- video_token_index (`int`, optional, defaults to 32000) — The video token index to encode the image prompt.
- spatial_pool_mode (`str`, optional, defaults to `"average"`) — Pooling mode to use for videos. Can be “average”, “max” or “conv”.
- spatial_pool_stride (`int`, optional, defaults to 2) — Stride used in the pooling layer for videos.
- image_seq_length (`int`, optional, defaults to 576) — Sequence length of one image embedding.
- video_seq_length (`int`, optional, defaults to 288) — Sequence length of one video embedding.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration. It is used to instantiate an Llava-NeXT model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf model. Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration, LlavaNextVideoConfig, CLIPVisionConfig, LlamaConfig

    >>> # Initializing a CLIP-vision config
    >>> vision_config = CLIPVisionConfig()

    >>> # Initializing a Llama config
    >>> text_config = LlamaConfig()

    >>> configuration = LlavaNextVideoConfig(vision_config, text_config)

    >>> model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration(configuration)

    >>> # Accessing the model configuration
    >>> configuration = model.config

##
LlavaNextVideoProcessor

###
class transformers.LlavaNextVideoProcessor

< source >

( video_processor = None image_processor = None tokenizer = None chat_template = None patch_size = None vision_feature_select_strategy = None video_token = '<video>' image_token = '<image>' **kwargs )

Parameters

- video_processor (LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor, optional) — The video processor is a required input.
- image_processor (LlavaNextImageProcessor, optional) — The image processor is a required input.
- tokenizer (LlamaTokenizerFast, optional) — The tokenizer is a required input.
- chat_template (`str`, optional) — Jinja chat template that will be used in tokenizer’s `apply_chat_template`
- patch_size (`int`, optional) — Patch size from the vision tower.
- vision_feature_select_strategy (`str`, optional) — The feature selection strategy used to select the vision feature from the vision backbone. Shoudl be same as in model’s config
- video_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"<video>"`) — Special token used to denote video location.
- image_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"<image>"`) — Special token used to denote image location.

Constructs a LLaVa-NeXT-Video processor which wraps a LLaVa-NeXT image processor, LLaVa-NeXT-Video video processor and a LLaMa tokenizer into a single processor.

LlavaNextVideoProcessor offers all the functionalities of LlavaNextImageProcessor, LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor and LlamaTokenizerFast. See the `__call__()` and decode() for more information.

####
batch_decode

< source >

( *args **kwargs )

This method forwards all its arguments to LlamaTokenizerFast’s batch_decode(). Please refer to the docstring of this method for more information.

####
decode

< source >

( *args **kwargs )

This method forwards all its arguments to LlamaTokenizerFast’s decode(). Please refer to the docstring of this method for more information.

##
LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor

###
class transformers.LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor

< source >

( do_resize: bool = True size: Dict = None image_grid_pinpoints: List = None resample: Resampling = <Resampling.BICUBIC: 3> do_center_crop: bool = True crop_size: Dict = None do_rescale: bool = True rescale_factor: Union = 0.00392156862745098 do_normalize: bool = True image_mean: Union = None image_std: Union = None do_convert_rgb: bool = True **kwargs )

Parameters

- do_resize (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to resize the image’s (height, width) dimensions to the specified `size`. Can be overridden by `do_resize` in the `preprocess` method.
- size (`Dict[str, int]` optional, defaults to `{"shortest_edge" -- 224}`): Size of the image after resizing. The shortest edge of the image is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio. Can be overridden by `size` in the `preprocess` method.
- image_grid_pinpoints (`List` optional, defaults to `[[672, 336], [336, 672], [672, 672], [336, 1008], [1008, 336]]`) — A list of possible resolutions to use for processing high resolution images. The best resolution is selected based on the original size of the image. Can be overridden by `image_grid_pinpoints` in the `preprocess` method. Not used for processinf videos.
- resample (`PILImageResampling`, optional, defaults to `Resampling.BICUBIC`) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the image. Can be overridden by `resample` in the `preprocess` method.
- do_center_crop (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to center crop the image to the specified `crop_size`. Can be overridden by `do_center_crop` in the `preprocess` method.
- crop_size (`Dict[str, int]` optional, defaults to 224) — Size of the output image after applying `center_crop`. Can be overridden by `crop_size` in the `preprocess` method.
- do_rescale (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to rescale the image by the specified scale `rescale_factor`. Can be overridden by `do_rescale` in the `preprocess` method.
- rescale_factor (`int` or `float`, optional, defaults to `1/255`) — Scale factor to use if rescaling the image. Can be overridden by `rescale_factor` in the `preprocess` method.
- do_normalize (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to normalize the image. Can be overridden by `do_normalize` in the `preprocess` method.
- image_mean (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to `[0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073]`) — Mean to use if normalizing the image. This is a float or list of floats the length of the number of channels in the image. Can be overridden by the `image_mean` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- image_std (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to `[0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711]`) — Standard deviation to use if normalizing the image. This is a float or list of floats the length of the number of channels in the image. Can be overridden by the `image_std` parameter in the `preprocess` method. Can be overridden by the `image_std` parameter in the `preprocess` method.
- do_convert_rgb (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to convert the image to RGB.

Constructs a LLaVa-NeXT-Video video processor. Based on CLIPImageProcessor with incorporation of processing each video frame.

####
preprocess

< source >

( images: Union do_resize: bool = None size: Dict = None resample: Resampling = None do_center_crop: bool = None crop_size: int = None do_rescale: bool = None rescale_factor: float = None do_normalize: bool = None image_mean: Union = None image_std: Union = None do_convert_rgb: bool = None return_tensors: Union = None data_format: Optional = <ChannelDimension.FIRST: 'channels_first'> input_data_format: Union = None )

Parameters

- images (`VideoInput`) — Videos to preprocess. Expects a single or batch of videos with pixel values ranging from 0 to 255. If passing in images with pixel values between 0 and 1, set `do_rescale=False`.
- do_resize (`bool`, optional, defaults to `self.do_resize`) — Whether to resize the video.
- size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional, defaults to `self.size`) — Size of the video after resizing. Shortest edge of the video is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio.
- resample (`int`, optional, defaults to `self.resample`) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the video. This can be one of the enum `PILImageResampling`. Only has an effect if `do_resize` is set to `True`.
- do_center_crop (`bool`, optional, defaults to `self.do_center_crop`) — Whether to center crop the video.
- crop_size (`Dict[str, int]`, optional, defaults to `self.crop_size`) — Size of the center crop. Only has an effect if `do_center_crop` is set to `True`.
- do_rescale (`bool`, optional, defaults to `self.do_rescale`) — Whether to rescale the video.
- rescale_factor (`float`, optional, defaults to `self.rescale_factor`) — Rescale factor to rescale the video by if `do_rescale` is set to `True`.
- do_normalize (`bool`, optional, defaults to `self.do_normalize`) — Whether to normalize the video.
- image_mean (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to `self.image_mean`) — Frame mean to use for normalization. Only has an effect if `do_normalize` is set to `True`.
- image_std (`float` or `List[float]`, optional, defaults to `self.image_std`) — Frame standard deviation to use for normalization. Only has an effect if `do_normalize` is set to `True`.
- do_convert_rgb (`bool`, optional, defaults to `self.do_convert_rgb`) — Whether to convert the video to RGB.
- return_tensors (`str` or `TensorType`, optional) — The type of tensors to return. Can be one of:
  - Unset: Return a list of `np.ndarray`.
  - `TensorType.TENSORFLOW` or `'tf'`: Return a batch of type `tf.Tensor`.
  - `TensorType.PYTORCH` or `'pt'`: Return a batch of type `torch.Tensor`.
  - `TensorType.NUMPY` or `'np'`: Return a batch of type `np.ndarray`.
  - `TensorType.JAX` or `'jax'`: Return a batch of type `jax.numpy.ndarray`.
- data_format (`ChannelDimension` or `str`, optional, defaults to `ChannelDimension.FIRST`) — The channel dimension format for the output image. Can be one of:
  - `"channels_first"` or `ChannelDimension.FIRST`: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
  - `"channels_last"` or `ChannelDimension.LAST`: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
  - Unset: Use the channel dimension format of the input image.
- input_data_format (`ChannelDimension` or `str`, optional) — The channel dimension format for the input image. If unset, the channel dimension format is inferred from the input image. Can be one of:
  - `"channels_first"` or `ChannelDimension.FIRST`: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
  - `"channels_last"` or `ChannelDimension.LAST`: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
  - `"none"` or `ChannelDimension.NONE`: image in (height, width) format.

####
resize

< source >

( image: ndarray size: Dict resample: Resampling = <Resampling.BICUBIC: 3> data_format: Union = None input_data_format: Union = None **kwargs )

Parameters

- image (`np.ndarray`) — Image to resize.
- size (`Dict[str, int]`) — Size of the output image.
- resample (`PILImageResampling`, optional, defaults to `PILImageResampling.BICUBIC`) — Resampling filter to use when resiizing the image.
- data_format (`str` or `ChannelDimension`, optional) — The channel dimension format of the image. If not provided, it will be the same as the input image.
- input_data_format (`ChannelDimension` or `str`, optional) — The channel dimension format of the input image. If not provided, it will be inferred.

Resize an image. The shortest edge of the image is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio.

##
LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

###
class transformers.LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

< source >

( config: LlavaNextVideoConfig )

Parameters

- config (LlavaNextVideoConfig or `LlavaNextVideoVisionConfig`) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The LLAVA-NeXT model which consists of a vision backbone and a language model. This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: LongTensor = None pixel_values: FloatTensor = None pixel_values_videos: FloatTensor = None image_sizes: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None past_key_values: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None vision_feature_layer: Optional = None vision_feature_select_strategy: Optional = None labels: Optional = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) →
`transformers.models.llava_next_video.modeling_llava_next_video.LlavaNextVideoCausalLMOutputWithPast` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, image_size, image_size)) — The tensors corresponding to the input images. Pixel values can be obtained using AutoImageProcessor. See LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor.call() for details. LlavaProcessor uses LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor for processing images.
- image_sizes (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`, optional) — The sizes of the images in the batch, being (height, width) for each image.
- attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  If `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_input_ids` have to be input (see `past_key_values`).

  If you want to change padding behavior, you should read `modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask` and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.

  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`. What are position IDs?
- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and 2 additional tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- vision_feature_layer (`int`, optional, defaults to -2) — The index of the layer to select the vision feature.
- vision_feature_select_strategy (`str`, optional, defaults to `"default"`) — The feature selection strategy used to select the vision feature from the vision backbone. Can be one of `"default"` or `"full"`. If `"default"`, the CLS token is removed from the vision features. If `"full"`, the full vision features are used.
- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to `position_ids`, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.

  Args — pixel_values_videos (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_frames, num_channels, image_size, image_size)): The tensors corresponding to the input videos. Pixel values can be obtained using [AutoImageProcessor](/docs/transformers/main/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoImageProcessor). See` LlavaNextVideoVideoProcessor.call `for details. [LlavaProcessor](/docs/transformers/main/en/model_doc/llava#transformers.LlavaProcessor) uses`LlavaNextVideoVideoProcessor`for processing videos. labels (`torch.LongTensor`of shape`(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*): Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in` [0, …, config.vocab_size]`or -100 (see`input_ids`docstring). Tokens with indices set to`-100`are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in`[0, …, config.vocab_size]`.

Returns

`transformers.models.llava_next_video.modeling_llava_next_video.LlavaNextVideoCausalLMOutputWithPast` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A `transformers.models.llava_next_video.modeling_llava_next_video.LlavaNextVideoCausalLMOutputWithPast` or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (LlavaNextVideoConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`)

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- image_hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the image embeddings, `(batch_size, num_images, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  image_hidden_states of the model produced by the vision encoder, and optionally by the perceiver

The LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from PIL import Image
    >>> import requests
    >>> import av
    >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

    >>> def read_video_pyav(container, indices):
    ...     '''
    ...     Decode the video with PyAV decoder.
    ...     Args:
    ...         container (`av.container.input.InputContainer`): PyAV container.
    ...         indices (`List[int]`): List of frame indices to decode.
    ...     Returns:
    ...         result (np.ndarray): np array of decoded frames of shape (num_frames, height, width, 3).
    ...     '''
    ...     frames = []
    ...     container.seek(0)
    ...     start_index = indices[0]
    ...     end_index = indices[-1]
    ...     for i, frame in enumerate(container.decode(video=0)):
    ...         if i > end_index:
    ...             break
    ...         if i >= start_index and i in indices:
    ...             frames.append(frame)
    ...     return np.stack([x.to_ndarray(format="rgb24") for x in frames])

    >>> model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", device_map="auto)
    >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf")

    >>> prompt = "USER: <video>\nWhy is this video funny? ASSISTANT:"
    >>> video_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id="raushan-testing-hf/videos-test", filename="sample_demo_1.mp4", repo_type="dataset")
    >>> container = av.open(video_path)

    >>> # sample uniformly 8 frames from the video (model was trained with 32 frames per video, but this video is short)
    >>> total_frames = container.streams.video[0].frames
    >>> indices = np.arange(0, total_frames, total_frames / 8).astype(int)
    >>> clip = read_video_pyav(container, indices)
    >>> inputs_video = processor(text=prompt, videos=clip, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

    >>> # load an image to generate from an image
    >>> prompt = "USER:<image>\nWhat is shown in this image? ASSISTANT:"
    >>> url = "https://www.ilankelman.org/stopsigns/australia.jpg"
    >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
    >>> inputs_image = processor(text=prompt, images=image, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

    >>> # Generate from video
    >>> generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs_video, max_length=50)
    >>> processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
    "USER:\nWhy is this video funny? ASSISTANT: The humor in this video comes from the unexpected and endearing sight of a baby wearing glasses and (...)"

    >>> # Generate from image
    >>> generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs_image, max_length=30)
    >>> processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
    "USER: \nWhat's the content of the image? ASSISTANT: The image shows a red stop sign on a pole, with a traditional Chinese archway (...)"

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