context: (iv)Finally, in upholding the presidential-candidate financing system, Buckley instructed that courts should avoid reasoning based on speculation and should, instead, require tangible evidence of the "practical effects" of the public financing system.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.parenthetical: upholding the system in part because "[a]ny risk of harm to minority interests is speculative due to [a general] lack of knowledge of the practical effects of public financing"
citation_a.sentence: See id. at 101, 96 S.Ct. 612 (upholding the system in part because “[a]ny risk of harm to minority interests is speculative due to [a general] lack of knowledge of the practical effects of public financing”); see also id. at 97 n. 131, 96 S.Ct. 612 (declining to “rule out the possibility of concluding in some future case, upon an appropriate factual demonstration, that the public financing system invidiously discriminates against nonmajor parties” (emphasis added)).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.parenthetical: declining to "rule out the possibility of concluding in some future case, upon an appropriate factual demonstration, that the public financing system invidiously discriminates against nonmajor parties" (emphasis added
citation_b.sentence: See id. at 101, 96 S.Ct. 612 (upholding the system in part because “[a]ny risk of harm to minority interests is speculative due to [a general] lack of knowledge of the practical effects of public financing”); see also id. at 97 n. 131, 96 S.Ct. 612 (declining to “rule out the possibility of concluding in some future case, upon an appropriate factual demonstration, that the public financing system invidiously discriminates against nonmajor parties” (emphasis added)).