context: The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution recognizes that defendants in criminal trials have a right to counsel in order to ensure that those trials are fundamentally fair.
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.identifier: 510 F.2d 634, 640
citation_a.parenthetical: stressing the importance of counsel by writing that "[wjhile a criminal trial is not a game in which the participants are expected to enter the ring with a near match in skills, neither is it a sacrifice of unarmed prisoners to gladiators"
citation_a.sentence: See U.S. v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 653, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984) (recognizing that the “accused’s right to be represented by counsel is a fundamental component of our criminal justice system”); Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 69, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158 (1932) (noting that a criminal defendant “requires the guiding hand of counsel at every step in the proceedings against him”); Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 344, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963) (characterizing criminal defense attorneys as “necessities, not luxuries”); Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 462-63, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938) (finding that the right to counsel “embodies a realistic recognition of the obvious truth that the average defendant does not have the professional legal skill to protect himself when brought before a tribunal with power to take his life or liberty”); see also Rompilla v. Horn, 359 F.3d 310, 310 (3d Cir.2004)(asserting that “[a]ll other rights will turn to ashes in the hands of a person who is without effective, professional, and zealous representation when accused of a crime”)(Nygaard, J.); United States ex rel. Williams v. Twomey, 510 F.2d 634, 640 (7th Cir.1975) (stressing the importance of counsel by writing that “[wjhile a criminal trial is not a game in which the participants are expected to enter the ring with a near match in skills, neither is it a sacrifice of unarmed prisoners to gladiators”); Walter V. Schaefer, Federalism & State Criminal Procedure, 70 Harv. L.Rev. 1, 8 (1956) (noting that “[o]f all the rights that an accused person has, the right to be represented by counsel is by far the most pervasive, for it affects his ability to assert any other rights he may have”).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 466 U.S. 648, 653
citation_b.parenthetical: recognizing that the "accused's right to be represented by counsel is a fundamental component of our criminal justice system"
citation_b.sentence: See U.S. v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 653, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984) (recognizing that the “accused’s right to be represented by counsel is a fundamental component of our criminal justice system”); Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 69, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158 (1932) (noting that a criminal defendant “requires the guiding hand of counsel at every step in the proceedings against him”); Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 344, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963) (characterizing criminal defense attorneys as “necessities, not luxuries”); Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 462-63, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938) (finding that the right to counsel “embodies a realistic recognition of the obvious truth that the average defendant does not have the professional legal skill to protect himself when brought before a tribunal with power to take his life or liberty”); see also Rompilla v. Horn, 359 F.3d 310, 310 (3d Cir.2004)(asserting that “[a]ll other rights will turn to ashes in the hands of a person who is without effective, professional, and zealous representation when accused of a crime”)(Nygaard, J.); United States ex rel. Williams v. Twomey, 510 F.2d 634, 640 (7th Cir.1975) (stressing the importance of counsel by writing that “[wjhile a criminal trial is not a game in which the participants are expected to enter the ring with a near match in skills, neither is it a sacrifice of unarmed prisoners to gladiators”); Walter V. Schaefer, Federalism & State Criminal Procedure, 70 Harv. L.Rev. 1, 8 (1956) (noting that “[o]f all the rights that an accused person has, the right to be represented by counsel is by far the most pervasive, for it affects his ability to assert any other rights he may have”).