context: The Estate's argument is incorrect. Under SS 1983, the defendant commanders could have been held liable for setting off a chain of events that led to a violation of Escobedo's constitutional right to be free from excessive force, not for his death.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 856 F.2d 985, 992-93
citation_a.parenthetical: discussing the liability of supervisors in the context of violations of constitutional rights
citation_a.sentence: See Jones v. City of Chi, 856 F.2d 985, 992-93 (7th Cir.1988) (discussing the liability of supervisors in the context of violations of constitutional rights); see also Robertson v. Wegmann, 436 U.S. 584, 589-90, 98 S.Ct. 1991, 56 L.Ed.2d 554 (1978) (“As we noted ... one specific area not covered by federal law is that relating to the survival of civil rights actions under § 1983 upon the death of either the plaintiff or defendant.”) (citations and quotations omitted); McAllister v. Price, 615 F.3d 877, 882 (7th Cir.2010) (under the Fourth Amendment, the injury or death of an individual does not affect the substance of a § 1983 claim for excessive force, but rather is relevant as evidence of the reasonableness of the force).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 436 U.S. 584, 589-90
citation_b.parenthetical: "As we noted ... one specific area not covered by federal law is that relating to the survival of civil rights actions under SS 1983 upon the death of either the plaintiff or defendant."
citation_b.sentence: See Jones v. City of Chi, 856 F.2d 985, 992-93 (7th Cir.1988) (discussing the liability of supervisors in the context of violations of constitutional rights); see also Robertson v. Wegmann, 436 U.S. 584, 589-90, 98 S.Ct. 1991, 56 L.Ed.2d 554 (1978) (“As we noted ... one specific area not covered by federal law is that relating to the survival of civil rights actions under § 1983 upon the death of either the plaintiff or defendant.”) (citations and quotations omitted); McAllister v. Price, 615 F.3d 877, 882 (7th Cir.2010) (under the Fourth Amendment, the injury or death of an individual does not affect the substance of a § 1983 claim for excessive force, but rather is relevant as evidence of the reasonableness of the force).