context: Next, "[t]he plaintiff also must plead and prove, as an element of his case, that there existed no probable cause to support the underlying charge." The implication from Peals is that the causal inquiry and the lack of probable cause are separate, albeit related, inquiries.
citation_a.signal: cf.
citation_a.identifier: 750 F.3d 273, 297-300
citation_a.parenthetical: evaluating causation and lack of probable cause as distinct elements in claim for malicious prosecution brought against investigating police officers
citation_a.sentence: See also Miller v. Mitchell, 598 F.3d 139, 154 (3d Cir.2010) (interpreting Hartman to require “that plaintiffs bringing retaliatory prosecution claims must allege and prove lack of probable cause as an element of causation ” and not as the entirety of the causation analysis (emphasis added)); see also Pellegrino v. U.S. Transp. Sec. Admin., No. 09-cv-5505, 2014 WL 3952936, at *4 (E.D.Pa. Aug. 12, 2014) (evaluating causation and lack of probable cause as distinct elements in claim for retaliatory inducement to prosecution); cf. Halsey v. Pfeiffer, 750 F.3d 273, 297-300 (3d Cir. 2014) (evaluating causation and lack of probable cause as distinct elements in claim for malicious prosecution brought against investigating police officers).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 598 F.3d 139, 154
citation_b.parenthetical: interpreting Hartman to require "that plaintiffs bringing retaliatory prosecution claims must allege and prove lack of probable cause as an element of causation " and not as the entirety of the causation analysis (emphasis added
citation_b.sentence: See also Miller v. Mitchell, 598 F.3d 139, 154 (3d Cir.2010) (interpreting Hartman to require “that plaintiffs bringing retaliatory prosecution claims must allege and prove lack of probable cause as an element of causation ” and not as the entirety of the causation analysis (emphasis added)); see also Pellegrino v. U.S. Transp. Sec. Admin., No. 09-cv-5505, 2014 WL 3952936, at *4 (E.D.Pa. Aug. 12, 2014) (evaluating causation and lack of probable cause as distinct elements in claim for retaliatory inducement to prosecution); cf. Halsey v. Pfeiffer, 750 F.3d 273, 297-300 (3d Cir. 2014) (evaluating causation and lack of probable cause as distinct elements in claim for malicious prosecution brought against investigating police officers).