context: First, the debtor argues that the retroactive application of the 1990 ASO is an ex post facto law in violation of the Constitution. This argument is flawed because the Ex Post Facto Clause applies only to criminal cases or punitive legislation.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 172 S.E.2d 788, 789
citation_a.parenthetical: "[T]he constitutional prohibition against an ex post facto law applies to criminal proceedings and not to civil proceedings."
citation_a.sentence: See, e.g., Galvan v. Press, 347 U.S. 522, 531, 74 S.Ct. 737, 98 L.Ed. 911 (1954); Bugajewitz v. Adams, 228 U.S. 585, 590, 33 S.Ct. 607, 57 L.Ed. 978 (1913); Huffman v. Commonwealth, 210 Va. 530, 172 S.E.2d 788, 789 (1970) (“[T]he constitutional prohibition against an ex post facto law applies to criminal proceedings and not to civil proceedings.”); see also Rainey v. City of Norfolk, 14 Va.App. 968, 421 S.E.2d 210, 213 (1992) (holding that the Ex Post Facto Clause did not apply because the civil contempt citation was not punitive).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 421 S.E.2d 210, 213
citation_b.parenthetical: holding that the Ex Post Facto Clause did not apply because the civil contempt citation was not punitive
citation_b.sentence: See, e.g., Galvan v. Press, 347 U.S. 522, 531, 74 S.Ct. 737, 98 L.Ed. 911 (1954); Bugajewitz v. Adams, 228 U.S. 585, 590, 33 S.Ct. 607, 57 L.Ed. 978 (1913); Huffman v. Commonwealth, 210 Va. 530, 172 S.E.2d 788, 789 (1970) (“[T]he constitutional prohibition against an ex post facto law applies to criminal proceedings and not to civil proceedings.”); see also Rainey v. City of Norfolk, 14 Va.App. 968, 421 S.E.2d 210, 213 (1992) (holding that the Ex Post Facto Clause did not apply because the civil contempt citation was not punitive).