context: ' CIMTs involve conduct that is "inherently base, vile, or depraved" and which is done with a criminal intent.
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.identifier: 846 F.3d 731, 736
citation_a.parenthetical: "To involve moral turpitude, a crime requires two essential elements:, a culpable mental state and reprehensible conduct."
citation_a.sentence: See Marmolejo-Campos v. Holder, 558 F.3d 903, 910 (9th Cir. 2009) (“In a series of published decisions, the BIA has set forth its general understanding that a ‘crime involving moral turpitude’ involves ‘conduct that shocks the public conscience as being inherently base,' vile, or depraved, contrary to the rules of morality and the duties owed between man and man, either one’s fellow man or society in general.’ ”) (quoting In re Perez-Contreras, 20 I. & N. Dec. 615, 618 (B.I.A.1992)); Partyka, 417 F.3d at 414 (“[T]he hallmark of moral turpitude is a reprehensible act committed with an appreciable level of consciousness or deliberation.”); see also, Sotnikau v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 731, 736 (4th Cir. 2017) (“To involve moral turpitude, a crime requires two essential elements:, a culpable mental state and reprehensible conduct.”) (quoting In re Ortega-Lopez, 26 I. & N. Dec. 99, 100 (BIA 2013)).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 417 F.3d 414, 414
citation_b.parenthetical: "[T]he hallmark of moral turpitude is a reprehensible act committed with an appreciable level of consciousness or deliberation."
citation_b.sentence: See Marmolejo-Campos v. Holder, 558 F.3d 903, 910 (9th Cir. 2009) (“In a series of published decisions, the BIA has set forth its general understanding that a ‘crime involving moral turpitude’ involves ‘conduct that shocks the public conscience as being inherently base,' vile, or depraved, contrary to the rules of morality and the duties owed between man and man, either one’s fellow man or society in general.’ ”) (quoting In re Perez-Contreras, 20 I. & N. Dec. 615, 618 (B.I.A.1992)); Partyka, 417 F.3d at 414 (“[T]he hallmark of moral turpitude is a reprehensible act committed with an appreciable level of consciousness or deliberation.”); see also, Sotnikau v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 731, 736 (4th Cir. 2017) (“To involve moral turpitude, a crime requires two essential elements:, a culpable mental state and reprehensible conduct.”) (quoting In re Ortega-Lopez, 26 I. & N. Dec. 99, 100 (BIA 2013)).