context: Young did not speak as a private citizen. In Flora, we concluded that the plaintiff plausibly established that he spoke as a citizen (and not as the county's chief public defender) by alleging that, among other things, when his speech " 'up the chain of command'" failed to produce results, he took drastic measures by filing a funding lawsuit against the county and by reporting that thousands of delinquency adjudications and consent decrees had not been expunged as the state supreme court had ordered.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 455 F.3d 242, 242
citation_a.parenthetical: concluding that borough manager did not speak as citizen when relaying complaints about mayor's harassment and intimidation to borough council president pursuant to official duties as borough manager
citation_a.sentence: See, e.g., Hill, 455 F.3d at 242 (concluding that borough manager did not speak as citizen when relaying complaints about mayor’s harassment and intimidation to borough council president pursuant to official duties as borough manager).
citation_b.signal: no signal
citation_b.identifier: 776 F.3d 180, 180
citation_b.parenthetical: who evidently had accused Young himself of misconduct and was one of Young's own subordinates
citation_b.sentence: Flora, 776 F.3d at 180. In contrast, it was part of Young’s ordinary job duties as a lieutenant in the Irvington Police Department to file an Internal Affairs complaint stating that, inter alia, Chief of Police Chase showed favoritism to another police officer (who evidently had accused Young himself of misconduct and was one of Young’s own subordinates) because of a sexual relationship between the Chief of Police and the officer’s sister.