context: 11 But contrary to the MMA, Congress has classified marijuana as a schedule I controlled substance. By doing so, "the manufacture, distribution, or possession of marijuang became a criminal offense, with the sole exception being use of the drug as part of a Food and Drug Administration preapproved research study."
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.identifier: 500 F.3d 850, 866
citation_a.parenthetical: rejecting due process liberty interest claim based on phy-gician's advice to use medical marijuana because "federal law does not recognize a fundamental right to use medical marijuana prescribed by a licensed physician to alleviate excruciating pain and human suffering"
citation_a.sentence: Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1, 14, 125 S.Ct. 2195, 162 L.Ed.2d 1 (2005) (state law authorizing possession and cultivation of marijuana does not cireamseribe federal law prohibiting use and possession); see also Raich v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 850, 866 (9th Cir.2007) (rejecting due process liberty interest claim based on phy-gician's advice to use medical marijuana because "federal law does not recognize a fundamental right to use medical marijuana prescribed by a licensed physician to alleviate excruciating pain and human suffering"); accord Beinor v. Indus. Claim Appeals Office, 262 P.3d 970, 977 (Colo.App.2011) ("Although Colorado's medical marijuana provision may protect claimant from prosecution under Colorado's criminal laws ... the amendment has no bearing on federal laws, under which marijuana remains an illegal substance.").
citation_b.signal: no signal
citation_b.parenthetical: state law authorizing possession and cultivation of marijuana does not cireamseribe federal law prohibiting use and possession
citation_b.sentence: Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1, 14, 125 S.Ct. 2195, 162 L.Ed.2d 1 (2005) (state law authorizing possession and cultivation of marijuana does not cireamseribe federal law prohibiting use and possession); see also Raich v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 850, 866 (9th Cir.2007) (rejecting due process liberty interest claim based on phy-gician's advice to use medical marijuana because "federal law does not recognize a fundamental right to use medical marijuana prescribed by a licensed physician to alleviate excruciating pain and human suffering"); accord Beinor v. Indus. Claim Appeals Office, 262 P.3d 970, 977 (Colo.App.2011) ("Although Colorado's medical marijuana provision may protect claimant from prosecution under Colorado's criminal laws ... the amendment has no bearing on federal laws, under which marijuana remains an illegal substance.").