context: Second, he had extensive contact with counsel prior to his decision to proceed pro se, including three court-appointed lawyers in this very case. In fact, one had represented him through a jury trial.
citation_a.signal: cf.
citation_a.identifier: 800 F.2d 1066, 1066
citation_a.parenthetical: explaining that the defendant's "significant contact" with an attorney before trial, even though he never actually retained counsel, was enough to satisfy this factor
citation_a.sentence: See Stanley, 739 F.3d at 647-48 (holding that representation by counsel until the first day of trial “likely exposed [the defndant] to the complexity of his case and the legal process”); cf. Fitzpatrick, 800 F.2d at 1066 (explaining that the defendant’s “significant contact” with an attorney before trial, even though he never actually retained counsel, was enough to satisfy this factor).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 739 F.3d 647, 647-48
citation_b.parenthetical: holding that representation by counsel until the first day of trial "likely exposed [the defndant] to the complexity of his case and the legal process"
citation_b.sentence: See Stanley, 739 F.3d at 647-48 (holding that representation by counsel until the first day of trial “likely exposed [the defndant] to the complexity of his case and the legal process”); cf. Fitzpatrick, 800 F.2d at 1066 (explaining that the defendant’s “significant contact” with an attorney before trial, even though he never actually retained counsel, was enough to satisfy this factor).