context: The fundamental rule when instructing a jury in a criminal case is that the instructions must identify for the jury all elements of the offense that must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 527 U.S. 1, 6-8
citation_a.parenthetical: government conceded failure to instruct jury on essential element of materiality was constitutional error
citation_a.sentence: See Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 6-8, 119 S.Ct. 1827, 144 L.Ed.2d 35 (1999) (government conceded failure to instruct jury on essential element of materiality was constitutional error); see also United States v. Gaudin, 515 U.S. 506, 510, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) (Fifth and Sixth Amendments “require criminal convictions to rest upon a jury determination that the defendant is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged, beyond a reasonable doubt”); Sullivan v. Louisiana, 508 U.S. 275, 277-78, 113 S.Ct. 2078, 124 L.Ed.2d 182 (1993) (“prosecution bears the burden of proving all elements of the offense charged, and must persuade the • factfinder ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ of the facts necessary to establish each of those elements”) (citations omitted).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.parenthetical: Fifth and Sixth Amendments "require criminal convictions to rest upon a jury determination that the defendant is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged, beyond a reasonable doubt"
citation_b.sentence: See Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 6-8, 119 S.Ct. 1827, 144 L.Ed.2d 35 (1999) (government conceded failure to instruct jury on essential element of materiality was constitutional error); see also United States v. Gaudin, 515 U.S. 506, 510, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) (Fifth and Sixth Amendments “require criminal convictions to rest upon a jury determination that the defendant is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged, beyond a reasonable doubt”); Sullivan v. Louisiana, 508 U.S. 275, 277-78, 113 S.Ct. 2078, 124 L.Ed.2d 182 (1993) (“prosecution bears the burden of proving all elements of the offense charged, and must persuade the • factfinder ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ of the facts necessary to establish each of those elements”) (citations omitted).