context: Unlike the doctrine of implied contract, which provides for restitution in the absence of an enforceable agreement, promissory estoppel makes promises enforceable. Essentially, the doctrine of promissory estoppel, like consideration, serves as a contract-validating device.
citation_a.signal: no signal
citation_a.identifier: 636 A.2d 156, 160
citation_a.parenthetical: noting that a promise unsupported by consideration is generally not enforceable, but may be enforceable under promissory estoppel
citation_a.sentence: Murray, supra, at 286. See Thatcher’s Drug Store of West Goshen, Inc. v. Consolidated Supermarkets, Inc., 535 Pa. 469, 476, 636 A.2d 156, 160 (1994)(noting that a promise unsupported by consideration is generally not enforceable, but may be enforceable under promissory estoppel); Shoemaker v. Commonwealth Bank, 700 A.2d 1003, 1006 (Pa.Super.1997)(same); see also Robert Mattery Lumber Corp. v. B. & F. Assoc., Inc., 294 Pa.Super. 503, 512, 440 A.2d 579, 583 (1982)(noting that promissory estop-pel has been characterized as a species of or a substitute for consideration); Cardamone v. University of Pittsburgh, 253 Pa.Super. 65, 74 n. 9, 384 A.2d 1228, 1233 n. 9 (1978)(same). A party seeking to establish a cause of action based on promissory estoppel must establish that: “(1) the promisor made a promise that he should have reasonably expected would induce action or forbearance on the part of the promisee; (2) the promisee actually took action or refrained from taking action in reliance on the promise; and (3) injustice can be avoided only by enforcing the promise.”
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 440 A.2d 579, 583
citation_b.parenthetical: noting that promissory estop-pel has been characterized as a species of or a substitute for consideration
citation_b.sentence: Murray, supra, at 286. See Thatcher’s Drug Store of West Goshen, Inc. v. Consolidated Supermarkets, Inc., 535 Pa. 469, 476, 636 A.2d 156, 160 (1994)(noting that a promise unsupported by consideration is generally not enforceable, but may be enforceable under promissory estoppel); Shoemaker v. Commonwealth Bank, 700 A.2d 1003, 1006 (Pa.Super.1997)(same); see also Robert Mattery Lumber Corp. v. B. & F. Assoc., Inc., 294 Pa.Super. 503, 512, 440 A.2d 579, 583 (1982)(noting that promissory estop-pel has been characterized as a species of or a substitute for consideration); Cardamone v. University of Pittsburgh, 253 Pa.Super. 65, 74 n. 9, 384 A.2d 1228, 1233 n. 9 (1978)(same). A party seeking to establish a cause of action based on promissory estoppel must establish that: “(1) the promisor made a promise that he should have reasonably expected would induce action or forbearance on the part of the promisee; (2) the promisee actually took action or refrained from taking action in reliance on the promise; and (3) injustice can be avoided only by enforcing the promise.”