context: Detective Caffey's testimony regarding the Blood street gang--in particular, his opinion that the Appellants' conduct was consistent with that of Blood gang members--was highly probative of the conspiracy charge in Count One of the indictment. The essence of the conspiracy charge was that the Appellants were all members of the same street gang, and, as such, evidence of the Appellants' membership in or affiliation with the Blood gang tended to make the prosecution's theory of the case more likely.
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.identifier: 737 F.3d 1287, 1294
citation_a.parenthetical: stating that gang-affiliation testimony is admissible in cases where conspiracy is charged "to prove the existence of a conspiracy and to show the basis of the relationship between the defendants] and witnesses who participated" in the wrongful activity
citation_a.sentence: See United States v. Ross, 33 F.3d 1507, 1525 & n. 31 (11th Cir.1994) (uncharged acts of gang violence admissible as intertwined with, and probative of, conspiracy charge); United States v. Harrell, 737 F.2d 971, 978 (11th Cir. 1984) (gang evidence important in understanding existence, motives, and object of drug-trafficking conspiracy and means through which it was conducted); see also United States v. Archuleta, 737 F.3d 1287, 1294 (10th Cir.2013) (stating that gang-affiliation testimony is admissible in cases where conspiracy is charged “to prove the existence of a conspiracy and to show the basis of the relationship between the defendants] and witnesses who participated” in the wrongful activity).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.parenthetical: uncharged acts of gang violence admissible as intertwined with, and probative of, conspiracy charge
citation_b.sentence: See United States v. Ross, 33 F.3d 1507, 1525 & n. 31 (11th Cir.1994) (uncharged acts of gang violence admissible as intertwined with, and probative of, conspiracy charge); United States v. Harrell, 737 F.2d 971, 978 (11th Cir. 1984) (gang evidence important in understanding existence, motives, and object of drug-trafficking conspiracy and means through which it was conducted); see also United States v. Archuleta, 737 F.3d 1287, 1294 (10th Cir.2013) (stating that gang-affiliation testimony is admissible in cases where conspiracy is charged “to prove the existence of a conspiracy and to show the basis of the relationship between the defendants] and witnesses who participated” in the wrongful activity).