context: An action is "reasonable" under the Fourth Amendment, regardless of the individual officer's state of mind, "as long as the circumstances, viewed objectively, justify [the] action." In the instant case, the agents' limited search for weapons was reasonable in order to ensure officer safety prior to Nishimura's access to her and Defendant's belongings.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 788 F.2d 544, 553
citation_a.parenthetical: finding that inventory search of car done on-the-spot was lawful because officer reasonably suspected that car contained gun and search was reasonable to ensure the immediate protection of the public's safety
citation_a.sentence: See Cady v. Dombrowski, 413 U.S. 433, 93 S.Ct. 2523, 37 L.Ed.2d 706 (1973) (finding police officer’s opening of car’s trunk without warrant did not violate Fourth Amendment because officer reasonably believed trunk contained gun, trunk was vulnerable to intrusion by vandals, and public might be endangered if intruder removed gun); United States v. Feldman, 788 F.2d 544, 553 (9th Cir.1986) (finding that inventory search of car done on-the-spot was lawful because officer reasonably suspected that car contained gun and search was reasonable to ensure the immediate protection of the public’s safety); but see United States v. Gooch, 6 F.3d 673, 680 (9th Cir.1993) (finding search without warrant of arrest ed defendant’s tent in which officers believed there was a firearm not justified by need to protect public because officers could have prevented children from entering tent until warrant was obtained).
citation_b.signal: but see
citation_b.identifier: 6 F.3d 673, 680
citation_b.parenthetical: finding search without warrant of arrest ed defendant's tent in which officers believed there was a firearm not justified by need to protect public because officers could have prevented children from entering tent until warrant was obtained
citation_b.sentence: See Cady v. Dombrowski, 413 U.S. 433, 93 S.Ct. 2523, 37 L.Ed.2d 706 (1973) (finding police officer’s opening of car’s trunk without warrant did not violate Fourth Amendment because officer reasonably believed trunk contained gun, trunk was vulnerable to intrusion by vandals, and public might be endangered if intruder removed gun); United States v. Feldman, 788 F.2d 544, 553 (9th Cir.1986) (finding that inventory search of car done on-the-spot was lawful because officer reasonably suspected that car contained gun and search was reasonable to ensure the immediate protection of the public’s safety); but see United States v. Gooch, 6 F.3d 673, 680 (9th Cir.1993) (finding search without warrant of arrest ed defendant’s tent in which officers believed there was a firearm not justified by need to protect public because officers could have prevented children from entering tent until warrant was obtained).