context: [P 21] Although much later in the course of the interrogation, the detectives stated that Holloway was not under arrest and not "in custody" in response to his inquiries, the detectives never stated to Holloway at any time prior to his formal arrest that he was free to leave or free to not answer their questions. The detectives immediately took control of the situation, dictated the terms of the questioning, and later in the interview indicated that someone could be sent to retrieve breakfast, while denying Holloway's request for beer.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 922 F.2d 1352, 1352
citation_a.parenthetical: noting "The Miranda court was deeply concerned with the effect of an incommunicado, police dominated atmosphere on a criminal suspect's will to resist self-incrimination during interrogation."
citation_a.sentence: See Griffin, 922 F.2d at 1352 (noting “The Miranda court was deeply concerned with the effect of an incommunicado, police dominated atmosphere on a criminal suspect’s will to resist self-incrimination during interrogation.”); see also United States v. Johnson, 64 F.3d 1120, 1126 (8th Cir.1995) (noting a useful factor when making a determination of custody was “whether the atmosphere was police dominated”).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 64 F.3d 1120, 1126
citation_b.parenthetical: noting a useful factor when making a determination of custody was "whether the atmosphere was police dominated"
citation_b.sentence: See Griffin, 922 F.2d at 1352 (noting “The Miranda court was deeply concerned with the effect of an incommunicado, police dominated atmosphere on a criminal suspect’s will to resist self-incrimination during interrogation.”); see also United States v. Johnson, 64 F.3d 1120, 1126 (8th Cir.1995) (noting a useful factor when making a determination of custody was “whether the atmosphere was police dominated”).