context: 11 But contrary to the MMA, Congress has classified marijuana as a schedule I controlled substance. By doing so, "the manufacture, distribution, or possession of marijuang became a criminal offense, with the sole exception being use of the drug as part of a Food and Drug Administration preapproved research study."
citation_a.signal: no signal
citation_a.identifier: 545 U.S. 1, 14
citation_a.parenthetical: state law authorizing possession and cultivation of marijuana does not cireamseribe federal law prohibiting use and possession
citation_a.sentence: Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1, 14, 125 S.Ct. 2195, 162 L.Ed.2d 1 (2005) (state law authorizing possession and cultivation of marijuana does not cireamseribe federal law prohibiting use and possession); see also Raich v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 850, 866 (9th Cir.2007) (rejecting due process liberty interest claim based on phy-gician's advice to use medical marijuana because "federal law does not recognize a fundamental right to use medical marijuana prescribed by a licensed physician to alleviate excruciating pain and human suffering"); accord Beinor v. Indus. Claim Appeals Office, 262 P.3d 970, 977 (Colo.App.2011) ("Although Colorado's medical marijuana provision may protect claimant from prosecution under Colorado's criminal laws ... the amendment has no bearing on federal laws, under which marijuana remains an illegal substance.").
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 500 F.3d 850, 866
citation_b.parenthetical: rejecting due process liberty interest claim based on phy-gician's advice to use medical marijuana because "federal law does not recognize a fundamental right to use medical marijuana prescribed by a licensed physician to alleviate excruciating pain and human suffering"
citation_b.sentence: Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1, 14, 125 S.Ct. 2195, 162 L.Ed.2d 1 (2005) (state law authorizing possession and cultivation of marijuana does not cireamseribe federal law prohibiting use and possession); see also Raich v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 850, 866 (9th Cir.2007) (rejecting due process liberty interest claim based on phy-gician's advice to use medical marijuana because "federal law does not recognize a fundamental right to use medical marijuana prescribed by a licensed physician to alleviate excruciating pain and human suffering"); accord Beinor v. Indus. Claim Appeals Office, 262 P.3d 970, 977 (Colo.App.2011) ("Although Colorado's medical marijuana provision may protect claimant from prosecution under Colorado's criminal laws ... the amendment has no bearing on federal laws, under which marijuana remains an illegal substance.").