context: Most relate to the circumstances of the stop of Wiggins' car, which the Court has determined was legal. In any event, none raises any inference of racial animus in the decision to stop, search, forcibly restrain, or arrest Wiggins.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 826 F.3d 995, 1000
citation_a.parenthetical: black plaintiff who claimed that white officer was in a good position to see her race from his car, and that officer did not immediately pull her car over when she broke the law, did not sufficiently establish that officer's racial animus motivated the arrest
citation_a.sentence: See Johnson v. Crooks, 826 F.3d 995, 1000 (8th Cir.2003) (black plaintiff who claimed that white officer was in a good position to see her race from his car, and that officer did not immediately pull her car over when she broke the law, did not sufficiently establish that officer’s racial animus motivated the arrest); McKenzie v. City of Milpitas, 738 F.Supp. 1293, 1301 (N.D.Cal.1990) (where the only evidence was that plaintiffs were black and that the police officers “immediately resorted to the use of force in a situation whose objective context did not call for this force,” plaintiffs’ conjecture of racially discriminatory intent could not support their section 1981 claim); cf. Alexis, 67 F.3d at 348 (officer’s statement to black plaintiffs, “You people have no rights. You better shut up your [expletive] mouth before I arrest you too,” gave rise to an inference of racial animus making summary judgment inappropriate).
citation_b.signal: cf.
citation_b.identifier: 67 F.3d 348, 348
citation_b.parenthetical: officer's statement to black plaintiffs, "You people have no rights. You better shut up your [expletive] mouth before I arrest you too," gave rise to an inference of racial animus making summary judgment inappropriate
citation_b.sentence: See Johnson v. Crooks, 826 F.3d 995, 1000 (8th Cir.2003) (black plaintiff who claimed that white officer was in a good position to see her race from his car, and that officer did not immediately pull her car over when she broke the law, did not sufficiently establish that officer’s racial animus motivated the arrest); McKenzie v. City of Milpitas, 738 F.Supp. 1293, 1301 (N.D.Cal.1990) (where the only evidence was that plaintiffs were black and that the police officers “immediately resorted to the use of force in a situation whose objective context did not call for this force,” plaintiffs’ conjecture of racially discriminatory intent could not support their section 1981 claim); cf. Alexis, 67 F.3d at 348 (officer’s statement to black plaintiffs, “You people have no rights. You better shut up your [expletive] mouth before I arrest you too,” gave rise to an inference of racial animus making summary judgment inappropriate).