context: However, finding that the unchastity category applies to both genders equally avoids any need to examine the serious equal protection clause problem that would otherwise exist.
citation_a.signal: no signal
citation_a.identifier: 452 U.S. 89, 99
citation_a.parenthetical: "prior to reaching any constitutional questions, federal courts must consider nonconstitutional grounds for decision."
citation_a.sentence: Gulf Oil Co. v. Bernard, 452 U.S. 89, 99, 101 S.Ct. 2193, 68 L.Ed.2d 693 (1981) (“prior to reaching any constitutional questions, federal courts must consider nonconstitutional grounds for decision.”); see also Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 347, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1936) (“When the validity of an act of the Congress is drawn in question, and even if a serious doubt of constitutionality is raised, it is a cardinal principle that this Court will first ascertain whether a construction of the statute is fairly possible by which the question may be avoided.”) (Brandéis, J., concurring) (internal citation and punctuation omitted).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.parenthetical: "When the validity of an act of the Congress is drawn in question, and even if a serious doubt of constitutionality is raised, it is a cardinal principle that this Court will first ascertain whether a construction of the statute is fairly possible by which the question may be avoided."
citation_b.sentence: Gulf Oil Co. v. Bernard, 452 U.S. 89, 99, 101 S.Ct. 2193, 68 L.Ed.2d 693 (1981) (“prior to reaching any constitutional questions, federal courts must consider nonconstitutional grounds for decision.”); see also Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 347, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1936) (“When the validity of an act of the Congress is drawn in question, and even if a serious doubt of constitutionality is raised, it is a cardinal principle that this Court will first ascertain whether a construction of the statute is fairly possible by which the question may be avoided.”) (Brandéis, J., concurring) (internal citation and punctuation omitted).