context: Officer Sauve knew that fellow officers had discovered cocaine on another passenger, who had identified Chin as the owner. Because Melvin asserted direct personal knowledge of Chin's crime and had himself been caught red-handed, his identification of Chin could be viewed as weightier than a tip from a more distant informant.
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.parenthetical: an admitted criminal participant has a strong incentive to tell the truth because "should he lie to the police," he "risks disfavor with the prosecution"
citation_a.sentence: See United States v. Gaviria, 805 F.2d 1108, 1115 (2d Cir.1986) (“[A] criminal participant or witness to a crime ‘need not be shown to have been previously reliable before the authorities may rely on his statements.’ ”) (emphasis in original; citations omitted), cert. denied sub nom. Contreras v. United States, 481 U.S. 1031, 107 S.Ct. 1960, 95 L.Ed.2d 531 (1987); see also United States v. Davis, 617 F.2d 677, 693 (D.C.Cir.1979) (an admitted criminal participant has a strong incentive to tell the truth because “should he lie to the police,” he “risks disfavor with the prosecution”), cert. denied sub nom. Gelestino v. United States, 445 U.S. 967, 100 S.Ct. 1659, 64 L.Ed.2d 244 (1980).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 805 F.2d 1108, 1115
citation_b.parenthetical: "[A] criminal participant or witness to a crime 'need not be shown to have been previously reliable before the authorities may rely on his statements.' "
citation_b.sentence: See United States v. Gaviria, 805 F.2d 1108, 1115 (2d Cir.1986) (“[A] criminal participant or witness to a crime ‘need not be shown to have been previously reliable before the authorities may rely on his statements.’ ”) (emphasis in original; citations omitted), cert. denied sub nom. Contreras v. United States, 481 U.S. 1031, 107 S.Ct. 1960, 95 L.Ed.2d 531 (1987); see also United States v. Davis, 617 F.2d 677, 693 (D.C.Cir.1979) (an admitted criminal participant has a strong incentive to tell the truth because “should he lie to the police,” he “risks disfavor with the prosecution”), cert. denied sub nom. Gelestino v. United States, 445 U.S. 967, 100 S.Ct. 1659, 64 L.Ed.2d 244 (1980).