context: Officials are liable for committing constitutional torts, accordingly, only if they knew, or were unreasonable in not knowing, that their behavior violated the Constitution.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 107 S.Ct. 3038, 3038
citation_a.parenthetical: "[W]hether an official protected by qualified immunity may be held personally liable ... generally turns on the 'objective legal reasonableness' of [his] action"
citation_a.sentence: See, e.g., Anderson, 483 U.S. at 639, 107 S.Ct. at 3038 (“[W]hether an official protected by qualified immunity may be held personally liable ... generally turns on the ‘objective legal reasonableness’ of [his] action”) (quoting Harlow, 457 U.S. at 819, 102 S.Ct. at 2738); see also Martin v. Malhoyt, 830 F.2d 237, 253-54 (D.C.Cir.1987) (summary judgment must be granted unless “the unlawfulness of defendant’s action was so ‘apparent/ that no reasonable officer could have believed in the lawfulness of his actions”) (citation omitted).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 830 F.2d 237, 253-54
citation_b.parenthetical: summary judgment must be granted unless "the unlawfulness of defendant's action was so 'apparent/ that no reasonable officer could have believed in the lawfulness of his actions"
citation_b.sentence: See, e.g., Anderson, 483 U.S. at 639, 107 S.Ct. at 3038 (“[W]hether an official protected by qualified immunity may be held personally liable ... generally turns on the ‘objective legal reasonableness’ of [his] action”) (quoting Harlow, 457 U.S. at 819, 102 S.Ct. at 2738); see also Martin v. Malhoyt, 830 F.2d 237, 253-54 (D.C.Cir.1987) (summary judgment must be granted unless “the unlawfulness of defendant’s action was so ‘apparent/ that no reasonable officer could have believed in the lawfulness of his actions”) (citation omitted).