context: The district court properly granted summary judgment on Holmes's retaliation claim because Holmes failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether defendant Smith took an adverse action against Holmes because of his protected conduct.
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.identifier: 753 F.3d 899, 905
citation_a.parenthetical: "[M]ere speculation that defendants acted out of retaliation is not sufficient."
citation_a.sentence: See Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1035 (9th Cir. 2015) (setting forth elements of a retaliation claim in the prison context); see also Wood v. Yordy, 753 F.3d 899, 905 (9th Cir. 2014) (“[M]ere speculation that defendants acted out of retaliation is not sufficient.”).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 791 F.3d 1023, 1035
citation_b.parenthetical: setting forth elements of a retaliation claim in the prison context
citation_b.sentence: See Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1035 (9th Cir. 2015) (setting forth elements of a retaliation claim in the prison context); see also Wood v. Yordy, 753 F.3d 899, 905 (9th Cir. 2014) (“[M]ere speculation that defendants acted out of retaliation is not sufficient.”).