context: To the extent that Ramirez alleged Fourteenth Amendment substantive due process claims, dismissal was proper because Ramirez failed to allege facts sufficient to show an intent to punish or that the policies were unrelated to a legitimate governmental purpose.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 441 U.S. 520, 535-36, 538
citation_a.parenthetical: setting forth criteria for evaluating a pretrial detainee's substantive due process claim
citation_a.sentence: See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535-36, 538, 99 S.Ct. 1861, 60 L.Ed.2d 447 (1979) (setting forth criteria for evaluating a pretrial detainee’s substantive due process claim); see also Byrd v. Maricopa Cnty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 629 F.3d 1135, 1137 n. 3 (9th Cir.2011) (en bahc) (a pretrial detainee’s Eighth Amendment claim is “properly recharacterized ... as a substantive due process claim under the Fourteenth Amendment”).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.parenthetical: a pretrial detainee's Eighth Amendment claim is "properly recharacterized ... as a substantive due process claim under the Fourteenth Amendment"
citation_b.sentence: See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535-36, 538, 99 S.Ct. 1861, 60 L.Ed.2d 447 (1979) (setting forth criteria for evaluating a pretrial detainee’s substantive due process claim); see also Byrd v. Maricopa Cnty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 629 F.3d 1135, 1137 n. 3 (9th Cir.2011) (en bahc) (a pretrial detainee’s Eighth Amendment claim is “properly recharacterized ... as a substantive due process claim under the Fourteenth Amendment”).