context: Stopping Rivera at the "baggage screening checkpoint" and preventing him from leaving the airport also constituted a seizure of his person within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 531 U.S. 40, 40
citation_a.parenthetical: "It is well established that a vehicle stop at a highway checkpoint effectuates a seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment."
citation_a.sentence: United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S. 411, 417, 101 S. Ct. 690, 66 L. Ed. 2d 621 (1981) (“The Fourth Amendment applies to seizures of the person, including brief investigatory stops.”); see Edmond, 531 U.S. at 40 (“It is well established that a vehicle stop at a highway checkpoint effectuates a seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.”); Michigan Dept. of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444, 450, 110 S. Ct. 2481, 110 L. Ed. 2d 412 (1990) (“[A] Fourth Amendment ‘seizure’ occurs when a vehicle is stopped at a checkpoint.”); United States v. Odum, 72 F.3d 1279, 1284 (7th Cir. 1995) (Fourth Amendment seizure occurred while defendant questioned by law enforcement at baggage claim area).
citation_b.signal: no signal
citation_b.parenthetical: "The Fourth Amendment applies to seizures of the person, including brief investigatory stops."
citation_b.sentence: United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S. 411, 417, 101 S. Ct. 690, 66 L. Ed. 2d 621 (1981) (“The Fourth Amendment applies to seizures of the person, including brief investigatory stops.”); see Edmond, 531 U.S. at 40 (“It is well established that a vehicle stop at a highway checkpoint effectuates a seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.”); Michigan Dept. of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444, 450, 110 S. Ct. 2481, 110 L. Ed. 2d 412 (1990) (“[A] Fourth Amendment ‘seizure’ occurs when a vehicle is stopped at a checkpoint.”); United States v. Odum, 72 F.3d 1279, 1284 (7th Cir. 1995) (Fourth Amendment seizure occurred while defendant questioned by law enforcement at baggage claim area).