context: Plaintiff has not shown sufficient evidence that could lead a reasonable jury to conclude that Defendants agreed to "act in concert to inflict an unconstitutional injury," and thus cannot hold Fire District Defendants liable under a theory of conspiracy liability.
citation_a.signal: see
citation_a.identifier: 143 F.3d 105, 114-15
citation_a.parenthetical: finding allegations that a communications took place insufficient to show conspiracy, noting that "the non-moving party may not rely on conclusory allegations or unsubstantiated speculation"
citation_a.sentence: See Scotto v. Almenas, 143 F.3d 105, 114-15 (2d Cir.1998) (finding allegations that a communications took place insufficient to show conspiracy, noting that “the non-moving party may not rely on conclusory allegations or unsubstantiated speculation”) (citations omitted); see also Gallop v. Cheney, 642 F.3d 364, 369 (2d Cir.2011) (upholding dismissal of complaint that contained only “conclusory, vague, or general allegations of conspiracy to deprive a person of constitutional rights” noting it “fail[ed] to plausibly allege the existence of a conspiracy among the defendants”); Carrillos v. Inc. Vill. of Hempstead, 87 F.Supp.3d 357, 371, 2015 WL 728244, at *6 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 20, 2015) (“[T]he summoning of police officers or the provision of information to police officers, even if that information is false or results in the officers taking affirmative action, is not sufficient to constitute joint action with state actors for purposes of Section 1983.” (citing Ginsberg v. Healey Car & Truck Leasing, Inc., 189 F.3d 268, 272 (2d Cir.1999))).
citation_b.signal: see also
citation_b.identifier: 642 F.3d 364, 369
citation_b.parenthetical: upholding dismissal of complaint that contained only "conclusory, vague, or general allegations of conspiracy to deprive a person of constitutional rights" noting it "fail[ed] to plausibly allege the existence of a conspiracy among the defendants"
citation_b.sentence: See Scotto v. Almenas, 143 F.3d 105, 114-15 (2d Cir.1998) (finding allegations that a communications took place insufficient to show conspiracy, noting that “the non-moving party may not rely on conclusory allegations or unsubstantiated speculation”) (citations omitted); see also Gallop v. Cheney, 642 F.3d 364, 369 (2d Cir.2011) (upholding dismissal of complaint that contained only “conclusory, vague, or general allegations of conspiracy to deprive a person of constitutional rights” noting it “fail[ed] to plausibly allege the existence of a conspiracy among the defendants”); Carrillos v. Inc. Vill. of Hempstead, 87 F.Supp.3d 357, 371, 2015 WL 728244, at *6 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 20, 2015) (“[T]he summoning of police officers or the provision of information to police officers, even if that information is false or results in the officers taking affirmative action, is not sufficient to constitute joint action with state actors for purposes of Section 1983.” (citing Ginsberg v. Healey Car & Truck Leasing, Inc., 189 F.3d 268, 272 (2d Cir.1999))).