context: By 1976, Federal constitutional jurisprudence had long recognized that State laws discriminating on the basis of alienage were "inherently suspect and subject to close judicial scrutiny."
citation_a.signal: no signal
citation_a.identifier: 403 U.S. 365, 371, 372
citation_a.parenthetical: "It has long been settled . . . that the term 'person' in th[e] context [of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution] encompasses lawfully admitted resident aliens as well as citizens of the United States and entitles both citizens and aliens to the equal protection of the laws of the State in which they reside"
citation_a.sentence: Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365, 371, 372 (1971) (“It has long been settled . . . that the term ‘person’ in th[e] context [of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution] encompasses lawfully admitted resident aliens as well as citizens of the United States and entitles both citizens and aliens to the equal protection of the laws of the State in which they reside”).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 413 U.S. 634, 642
citation_b.parenthetical: "close judicial scrutiny" applicable to New York statute limiting eligibility for competitive class of civil service positions to citizens
citation_b.sentence: See Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634, 642 (1973) (“close judicial scrutiny” applicable to New York statute limiting eligibility for competitive class of civil service positions to citizens).