context: R., Vol. 2, at 11. Based on Officer Holloway's on-the-job experience and training -- including having made "roughly ten to [fifteen] actual arrests" in crimes involving PCP, id. -- he knew immediately upon making contact with the driver that PCP was probably inside the vehicle. At that point, considering the totality of the circumstances, it is beyond peradventure that Officer Holloway had reasonable, articulable suspicion that further criminal conduct was occurring.
citation_a.signal: see also
citation_a.identifier: 376 F.3d 577, 586
citation_a.parenthetical: noting that "detection of the odor of PCP emanating from [the defendant's] person gave the officers the authority to detain [him] temporarily to determine his identity"
citation_a.sentence: See United States v. Hill, 199 F.3d 1143, 1148 (10th Cir.1999) (“Deputy Justice had[ ] ... reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was occurring based upon the PCP smell emanating from [the defendant’s] bag.”); see also United States v. Foster, 376 F.3d 577, 586 (6th Cir.2004) (noting that “detection of the odor of PCP emanating from [the defendant’s] person gave the officers the authority to detain [him] temporarily to determine his identity”).
citation_b.signal: see
citation_b.identifier: 199 F.3d 1143, 1148
citation_b.parenthetical: "Deputy Justice had[ ] ... reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was occurring based upon the PCP smell emanating from [the defendant's] bag."
citation_b.sentence: See United States v. Hill, 199 F.3d 1143, 1148 (10th Cir.1999) (“Deputy Justice had[ ] ... reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was occurring based upon the PCP smell emanating from [the defendant’s] bag.”); see also United States v. Foster, 376 F.3d 577, 586 (6th Cir.2004) (noting that “detection of the odor of PCP emanating from [the defendant’s] person gave the officers the authority to detain [him] temporarily to determine his identity”).