The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about medical knowledge.   **Question:** A 61-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and partial visual loss in both eyes for 1 day. His family history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus in his mother and cousin. His weight is 112 kg ( 246.9 lb), height 187 cm (6 ft 1 in), blood pressure: 150/90 mm Hg, heart rate: 89/min, respiratory rate: 14/min, and temperature: 36.7℃ (98.4℉). The physical examination is significant for dry skin, a pustular rash over the patient’s shoulders and back, an accentuated second heart sound (S2) best heard in the second intercostal space at the right sternal border, and distal loss of vibration sensitivity in both feet. A fundoscopic examination shows small red dots in the superficial retinal layers suggestive of microaneurysms. The HbA1c is 9% and the urinalysis shows the following: Color Pale yellow (light/pale-to-dark/deep amber) Clarity Cloudy pH 6.6 Specific gravity 1.010 Glucose 199 mg/dl Ketones None Nitrites Negative Leukocyte esterase Negative Bilirubin Negative Urinary bilirubin Traces Red blood cells 3 RBCs Protein 120 mg/d RBCs ≤ 2 RBCs/hpf WBCs 22 WBCs/hpf Epithelial cells 27 squamous epithelial cells/hpf Casts 5 hyaline casts/lpf Crystals Occasional Bacteria None Yeast Present Which of the following statements best describes the cause of this patient’s glucosuria?   (A) There is a disruption of primary active transport of glucose in the proximal renal tubules   (B) Secondary active transporters fail to completely reabsorb glucose in the renal tubules   (C) There is a disruption of passive transport of the glucose in the proximal renal tubules   (D) Glucosuria results from increased glomerular filtration rate
['(B) Secondary active transporters fail to completely reabsorb glucose in the renal tubules <> answer', 'The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about medical knowledge. <> instruction', '(A) There is a disruption of primary active transport of glucose in the proximal renal tubules \n (B) Secondary active transporters fail to completely reabsorb glucose in the renal tubules \n (C) There is a disruption of passive transport of the glucose in the proximal renal tubules \n (D) Glucosuria results from increased glomerular filtration rate <> possible answers', '  A 61-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and partial visual loss in both eyes for 1 day. His family history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus in his mother and cousin. His weight is 112 kg ( 246.9 lb), height 187 cm (6 ft 1 in), blood pressure: 150/90 mm Hg, heart rate: 89/min, respiratory rate: 14/min, and temperature: 36.7℃ (98.4℉). The physical examination is significant for dry skin, a pustular rash over the patient’s shoulders and back, an accentuated second heart sound (S2) best heard in the second intercostal space at the right sternal border, and distal loss of vibration sensitivity in both feet. A fundoscopic examination shows small red dots in the superficial retinal layers suggestive of microaneurysms. The HbA1c is 9% and the urinalysis shows the following:\nColor Pale yellow (light/pale-to-dark/deep amber)\nClarity Cloudy\npH 6.6\nSpecific gravity 1.010\nGlucose 199 mg/dl\nKetones None\nNitrites Negative\nLeukocyte esterase Negative\nBilirubin Negative\nUrinary bilirubin Traces\nRed blood cells 3 RBCs\nProtein 120 mg/d\nRBCs ≤ 2 RBCs/hpf\nWBCs 22 WBCs/hpf\nEpithelial cells 27 squamous epithelial cells/hpf\nCasts 5 hyaline casts/lpf\nCrystals Occasional\nBacteria None\nYeast Present\nWhich of the following statements best describes the cause of this patient’s glucosuria? <> context@']