input: The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about medical knowledge.   **Question:** An academic obstetrician is conducting a retrospective cohort study that evaluates the risk of placenta accreta at all statewide medical centers. Per chart review he finds that a prior cesarian birth is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of placenta accreta. The relative risk associated with this finding is 1.23. The associated p-value is 0.03. Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of the reported association in the context of the study?   (A) The 99% confidence interval includes the null hypothesis.   (B) The chance of bias in favor of the alternative hypothesis is 3%.   (C) The p-value represents the likelihood of seeing an increased risk of placenta accreta in women with prior cesarian birth, assuming the alternative hypothesis is true.   (D) The p-value represents the likelihood that the alternative hypothesis is false.
output: ['(A) The 99% confidence interval includes the null hypothesis. <> answer', 'The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about medical knowledge. <> instruction', '(A) The 99% confidence interval includes the null hypothesis.  (B) The chance of bias in favor of the alternative hypothesis is 3%.  (C) The p-value represents the likelihood of seeing an increased risk of placenta accreta in women with prior cesarian birth, assuming the alternative hypothesis is true.  (D) The p-value represents the likelihood that the alternative hypothesis is false. <> possible answers', '  An academic obstetrician is conducting a retrospective cohort study that evaluates the risk of placenta accreta at all statewide medical centers. Per chart review he finds that a prior cesarian birth is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of placenta accreta. The relative risk associated with this finding is 1.23. The associated p-value is 0.03. Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of the reported association in the context of the study? <> context']