id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
245
| title
stringlengths 1
167
| text
stringlengths 1
435k
|
|---|---|---|---|
59155397
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%20Rascher
|
Horst Rascher
|
Horst Rascher (born 11 March 1940) is a German boxer. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1940 births
Living people
German male boxers
Olympic boxers for the United Team of Germany
Olympic boxers for West Germany
Boxers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Vienna
Bantamweight boxers
|
58771071
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%20Limerick%20Senior%20Hurling%20Championship
|
1936 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
|
The 1936 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 42nd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.
Ahane were the defending champions.
Ahane won the championship after a 7–08 to 0–03 defeat of Croom in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their fourth title in succession.
Results
Final
References
Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
|
45254922
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204145
|
NGC 4145
|
NGC 4145 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the Ursa Major galaxy cluster, 68 million light years from the Earth. The galaxy has little star formation, except on its outer edges. Due to the loss of energy that occurs without star formation, some astronomers predict that the galaxy will degenerate into a lenticular galaxy in the near future. However, the galaxy's interaction with NGC 4151 may "maintain [its] star formation".
References
External links
4145
Barred spiral galaxies
Ursa Major Cluster
Canes Venatici
038693
|
54858052
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Is%20the%20Fashion%20for%20Dying
|
Black Is the Fashion for Dying
|
Black Is the Fashion for Dying is a mystery novel by Jonathan Latimer and first published by Random House in 1959. Latimer's last novel, it drew on the author's experiences as a contract screenwriter in Hollywood.
The novel was published in England by Methuen as The Mink Lined Coffin in 1960.
Plot
While working on an eleventh-hour rewrite on the script for a problem-plagued film, Tiger in the Night, screenwriter Robert Blake is interrupted by the appearance of a disoriented young blond woman. Meanwhile, the film's star, Caresse Garnet, may be allowing her diva-like behavior to anger one too many people.
Black Is the Fashion for Dying is told through limited third-person point-of-view narration, with each chapter focussed on the experience of a different character. The title originates from a line of dialog that Richard Blake devises when he is completing the re-write on Tiger in the Night.
Reception
The novel was well received by critics. Mary Thurber, writing for the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, said the novel was "written with economy of words and the wittiest dialogue I've seen in a long time," and guessed favorably at its authenticity: "How did Hollywood characters really talk? I'd like to think that they are like those in Jonathan Latimer's Black Is the Fashion for Dying." The reviewer in The Anniston Star praised it as "top-notch whodunit reading" composed in a "sardonic, able style."
While Latimer's writing abilities were nearly universally praised, his story craft was criticized by some. The Napa Valley Register reported that "Latimer continues to write with swift-paced action, racy dialogue and dramatic characterization, but his plot is weak." The San Antonio Express and News called the book "entertaining" and "highly readable," but cautioned readers that "true mystery fans are not likely to find the 'impossible' murder too hard to solve."
References
External links
Black Is the Fashion for Dying at Mysterious Press
Black Is the Fashion for Dying at Kirkus Reviews
1959 American novels
American mystery novels
Hollywood novels
Novels set in Los Angeles
Random House books
|
32636330
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Praeger
|
Emil Praeger
|
Emil H. Praeger (August 2, 1892 – October 16, 1973) was an American architect and civil engineer.
Biography
He was born in 1892.
Praeger graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1915. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War I, after which he spent time at the architectural office of Bertram Goodhue and the New York City engineering firm Madigan-Hyland.
In 1934, as chief engineer for the City of New York Department of Parks & Recreation, Praeger surveyed all New York City parks. Under director Robert Moses, Praeger created architectural drawings, descriptions, and photographs for every park that the city owned. He also acted as head of the civil engineering department at RPI from 1939 to 1946.
During World War II, Praeger served in the US Navy, and he eventually reached the rank of captain. He developed the original design of the concrete floating breakwater - known as "Phoenix" - for the Invasion of Normandy.
Praeger served as consulting engineer on the White House renovations in 1949.
He died on October 16, 1973.
Selected work
Henry Hudson Bridge, (chief engineer) New York, 1932
Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, (chief engineer) New York, 1937
Pier 57, New York City, 1952
Arecibo Telescope at the Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico, 1952.
Holman Stadium, (chief engineer) Vero Beach, Florida, 1953
Tappan Zee Bridge, New York, 1955
Throg's Neck Bridge, (consulting engineer) New York, 1961
Shea Stadium, Flushing, New York, 1964
Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, California, 1962
References
1892 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American architects
Modernist architects
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
|
19005561
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazybones%20%281935%20film%29
|
Lazybones (1935 film)
|
Lazybones is a 1935 British film directed by Michael Powell. It was made as a Quota quickie.
Plot
Sir Reginald Ford (Ian Hunter), known as "Lazybones", is an idle baronet. He hasn't a care in the world, although he doesn't have any money either. His brother and sister introduce him to Kitty McCarthy (Claire Luce), an American heiress, in the hope that he'll marry her and so gain access to her fortune which will help out his family.
Kitty's cousin Mike (Bernard Nedell) brings Kitty the bad news that she's lost her fortune. Mike is hoping to grab the maps for some Arabian oil fields that are being kept in the house. They are being guarded by two detectives and everybody chasing everybody else whilst trying to get the plans makes an amusing sub-plot.
Back in the main story line, Reginald has discovered that he loves Kitty for herself and doesn't care about her not having a fortune. So they get married, despite the warnings from a pessimistic passer-by who they call in as a witness. Neither of them are broke, but it takes a lot to run the old family pile. Kitty has bought a pub and Reginald and Kitty have some fun serving the regulars there.
Back at the family seat Reginald has found a way to make money from other idle members of the English aristocracy. He sets up a "Home for the Idle Wealthy" and they come to stay (for a fee) and act as butler, gardener, chauffeur etc.
Cast
Claire Luce as Kitty McCarthy
Ian Hunter as Sir Reginald Ford
Sara Allgood as Bridget
Bernard Nedell as Mike McCarthy
Michael Shepley as Hildebrand Pope
Bobbie Comber as Kemp
Denys Blakelock as Hugh Ford
Mary Gaskell as Marjory Ford
Pamela Carne as Lottie Pope
Harold Warrender as Lord Melton
Miles Malleson as Pessimist
Fred Withers as Richards
Frank Morgan as Tom
Fewlass Llewellyn as Lord Brockley
Paul Blake as Viscount Woodland
Production
This was made at a time when the studios used to work through the night. The leading actors were both in plays in London, and so after their evening performance they would come out to Twickenham to shoot their parts.
Notes
External links
Lazybones reviews and articles at the Powell & Pressburger Pages
1935 films
Films directed by Michael Powell
Films by Powell and Pressburger
British black-and-white films
British comedy films
1935 comedy films
1930s English-language films
1930s British films
|
26015925
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troedssonellidae
|
Troedssonellidae
|
Troedssonellidae is a family of orthoceroid cephalopods from the Ordovician, derived from rod-bearing Baltoceratidae, that have a continuous lining within the siphuncle that resembles very thin and slender endocones. Shells are generally slender and orthoconic. The siphuncle is central or subcentral, composed of straight or slightly expanded segments. Septal necks generally short and connecting rings are thin. Thin cameral deposits (lining the chambers) are known, which along with the position of the siphuncle and thin connecting rings distinguishes them from the endocerids in which they have been included.
Troedsonnellids first appear high in Lower Ordovician (Cassinian) strata, beginning with Tajaroceras and extend at least through the Whiterock Stage of the Middle Ordovician. They also may have given rise to the Striatoceratidae and to the Narthecoceratidae of the Middle and Late Ordovician.
Genera
Tajaroceras
Buttsoceras
Oxfordoceras
Ctenoceras
Troedsonnella
Genera of dubious placement:
Glenisteroceras
Wolungoceras
References
Orthoceratoidea
|
35875575
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313%20Borussia%20Dortmund%20season
|
2012–13 Borussia Dortmund season
|
The 2012–13 Borussia Dortmund season was the 104th season in the club's football history. In 2012–13 the club played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 37th consecutive season in this league, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga in 1976.
Review and events
The 2012–13 Borussia Dortmund season started on 18 August 2012 with a win against FC Oberneuland. Borussia Dortmund qualified for the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League and were scheduled against Ajax, Manchester City and Real Madrid. The club's opening league match was against Werder Bremen on 25 August and their opening Champions League match was against Ajax on 18 September. Hamburger SV end the club's 31-match unbeaten streak on 22 September. On 30 April, Borussia Dortmund qualified for the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final. However, Real Madrid manager José Mourinho was critical of referee Howard Webb of not giving Mats Hummels a red card after handling the ball. Cristiano Ronaldo would have had a breakaway if not for the handball. Mourinho claimed that Webb spared Hummels for the Champions League Final.
Competitions
Overall
Friendlies
Pre-season
Pre-season friendlies
Liga-total-Cup
Mid-season friendlies
Bundesliga
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
DFB-Pokal
DFL-Supercup
UEFA Champions League
Group stage
Knockout phase
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
Squad information
Squad and statistics
|}
Goal scorers
All competitions
Bundesliga
DFB-Pokal
Champions League
|-
|()* = Goals in DFL Supercup
|-
| colspan="12"|Last updated: 26 May 2013
|-
Transfers
In:
Out:
On loan
For recent transfers, see List of German football transfers summer 2012 and List of German football transfers winter 2011–12.
Winter transfers
In:
Out:
}
Borussia Dortmund II
References
External links
2012–13 Borussia Dortmund season at Weltfussball.de
2012–13 Borussia Dortmund season at kicker.de
2012–13 Borussia Dortmund season at Fussballdaten.de
Borussia Dortmund
Borussia Dortmund
Borussia Dortmund seasons
|
49554242
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LADDER%20project
|
LADDER project
|
The Local Authorities as Drivers for Development Education and Raising-Awareness Project or LADDER Project, was launched by the European Association for Local Democracy, in 2015 with the objective of develop and increase the action of Local Authorities in European Union policies of Development Education and Awareness Raising (DEAR). The associates of this project work with education and awareness raising as a tool to trigger and foster the process of a resilient, sustainable development through a peaceful and democratic way.
Since its beginning, this project has provided a space to discuss how to improve the promotion of Development Education at the local level, how Local Authorities and Civil Society Organizations are essential for DEAR and how to efficiently act local by thinking global. Its relevance is due to the diversity of partners and associates it involves, including local authorities, NGOs, networks of civil society organizations and experts in the field, from 35 countries, 18 from the European Union and 17 non-EU countries. LADDER is co-funded by the European Union, and has a duration of 36 months (January 2015 – December 2017).
The activities are organised along six thematic paths (Youth in development, Migration, Citizens’ participation in development, Public-private cooperation in development, Environmental and sustainable development, European Year for Development and follow up) and three geographical areas (Mediterranean area, South Eastern Europe, Eastern Partnership), which are combined according to the interests of the partners and associates.
Background
This project is a follow up of the Working Together for Development (WTD) project, which focused on information, training, networking for local authorities associations and civil society organisations in the field of development cooperation. The great majority of the partners of this former project are the ones that integrate the LADDER initiative, conducting a series of capacity building seminars & trainings, exchange meetings, conferences and events at all levels.
Partners and Associates
The LADDER Project has 25 partners and 18 associates.
References
External links
Official website L.A.D.D.E.R. Project
L.A.D.D.E.R. Project Roadmap 2015-2017
Political organizations based in Europe
|
150320
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrian%20purple
|
Tyrian purple
|
Tyrian purple ( porphúra; ), also known as, royal purple, imperial purple, or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye. The name Tyrian refers to Tyre, Lebanon. It is secreted by several species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, rock snails originally known by the name 'Murex'. In ancient times, extracting this dye involved tens of thousands of snails and substantial labor, and as a result, the dye was highly valued. The colored compound is 6,6′-dibromoindigo.
History
Biological pigments were often difficult to acquire, and the details of their production were kept secret by the manufacturers. Tyrian purple is a pigment made from the mucus of several species of Murex snail. Production of Tyrian purple for use as a fabric dye began as early as 1200 BC by the Phoenicians, and was continued by the Greeks and Romans until 1453 AD, with the fall of Constantinople. In the same way as the modern-day Latin alphabet of Phoenician origin, Phoenician purple pigment was spread through the unique Phoenician trading empire. The pigment was expensive and time-consuming to produce, and items colored with it became associated with power and wealth. This popular idea of purple being elite contributes to the modern day wide-spread belief that purple is a "royal color". The color of textiles from this period provides insight into socio-cultural relationships within ancient societies, in addition to providing insights on technological achievements, fashion, social stratification, agriculture and trade connections. Despite their value to archaeological research, textiles are quite rare in the archaeological record. Like any perishable organic material, they are usually subject to rapid decomposition and their preservation over millennia requires exacting conditions to prevent destruction by microorganisms.
Tyrian purple may first have been used by the ancient Phoenicians as early as 1570 BC. It has been suggested that the name Phoenicia itself means 'land of purple'. The dye was greatly prized in antiquity because the colour did not easily fade, but instead became brighter with weathering and sunlight. It came in various shades, the most prized being that of black-tinted clotted blood.
Because it was extremely tedious to make, Tyrian purple was expensive: the 4th century BC historian Theopompus reported, "Purple for dyes fetched its weight in silver at Colophon" in Asia Minor. The expense meant that purple-dyed textiles became status symbols, whose use was restricted by sumptuary laws. The most senior Roman magistrates wore a toga praetexta, a white toga edged in Tyrian purple. The even more sumptuous toga picta, solid Tyrian purple with gold thread edging, was worn by generals celebrating a Roman triumph.
By the fourth century AD, sumptuary laws in Rome had been tightened so much that only the Roman emperor was permitted to wear Tyrian purple. As a result, 'purple' is sometimes used as a metonym for the office (e.g. the phrase 'donned the purple' means 'became emperor'). The production of Tyrian purple was tightly controlled in the succeeding Byzantine Empire and subsidized by the imperial court, which restricted its use for the colouring of imperial silks. Later (9th century), a child born to a reigning emperor was said to be porphyrogenitos, "born in the purple".
Some speculate that the dye extracted from the Bolinus brandaris is known as () in Biblical Hebrew. Another dye extracted from a related sea snail, Hexaplex trunculus, produced a blue colour after light exposure which could be the one known as (), used in garments worn for ritual purposes.
Production from sea snails
The dye substance is a mucous secretion from the hypobranchial gland of one of several species of medium-sized predatory sea snails that are found in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and off the Atlantic coast of Morocco. These are the marine gastropods Bolinus brandaris the spiny dye-murex (originally known as Murex brandaris Linnaeus, 1758), the banded dye-murex Hexaplex trunculus, the rock-shell Stramonita haemastoma, and less commonly a number of other species such as Bolinus cornutus. The dye is an organic compound of bromine (i.e., an organobromine compound), a class of compounds often found in algae and in some other sea life, but much more rarely found in the biology of land animals. This dye is in contrast to the cheaper imitation purple that was commonly produced using cheaper materials than the dyes from the sea snail.
In nature, the snails use the secretion as part of their predatory behavior to sedate prey and as an antimicrobial lining on egg masses. The snail also secretes this substance when it is attacked by predators, or physically antagonized by humans (e.g., poked). Therefore, the dye can be collected either by "milking" the snails, which is more labor-intensive but is a renewable resource, or by collecting and destructively crushing the snails. David Jacoby remarks that "twelve thousand snails of Murex brandaris yield no more than 1.4 g of pure dye, enough to colour only the trim of a single garment." Through the snail harvesting process which includes the extraction of the hypobranchial gland (located under the mollusk's mantle) the dye is collected which required advanced knowledge of biology. Murex-based dyeing must take place close to the site from which the snails originate, because the freshness of the material has a significant effect on the results, the colors yielded based on the long process of biochemical, enzymatic and photochemical reactions, and requires reduction and oxidation processes that probably took several days.
Many other species worldwide within the family Muricidae, for example Plicopurpura pansa, from the tropical eastern Pacific, and Plicopurpura patula from the Caribbean zone of the western Atlantic, can also produce a similar substance (which turns into an enduring purple dye when exposed to sunlight) and this ability has sometimes also been historically exploited by local inhabitants in the areas where these snails occur. (Some other predatory gastropods, such as some wentletraps in the family Epitoniidae, seem to also produce a similar substance, although this has not been studied or exploited commercially.) The dog whelk Nucella lapillus, from the North Atlantic, can also be used to produce red-purple and violet dyes.
Royal blue
The Phoenicians also made a deep blue-colored dye, sometimes referred to as royal blue or hyacinth purple, which was made from a closely related species of marine snail.
The Phoenicians established an ancillary production facility on the Iles Purpuraires at Mogador, in Morocco. The sea snail harvested at this western Moroccan dye production facility was Hexaplex trunculus, also known by the older name Murex trunculus.
This second species of dye murex is found today on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and Africa (Spain, Portugal, Morocco).
Background
The colour-fast (non-fading) dye was an item of luxury trade, prized by Romans, who used it to colour ceremonial robes. Used as a dye, the color shifts from blue (peak absorption at 590 nm, which is yellow-orange) to reddish-purple (peak absorption at 520 nm, which is green). It is believed that the intensity of the purple hue improved rather than faded as the dyed cloth aged. Vitruvius mentions the production of Tyrian purple from shellfish. In his History of Animals, Aristotle described the shellfish from which Tyrian purple was obtained and the process of extracting the tissue that produced the dye. Pliny the Elder described the production of Tyrian purple in his Natural History:
The most favourable season for taking these [shellfish] is after the rising of the Dog-star, or else before spring; for when they have once discharged their waxy secretion, their juices have no consistency: this, however, is a fact unknown in the dyers' workshops, although it is a point of primary importance. After it is taken, the vein [i.e. hypobranchial gland] is extracted, which we have previously spoken of, to which it is requisite to add salt, a sextarius [about 20 fl. oz.] to every hundred pounds of juice. It is sufficient to leave them to steep for a period of three days, and no more, for the fresher they are, the greater virtue there is in the liquor. It is then set to boil in vessels of tin [or lead], and every hundred amphorae ought to be boiled down to five hundred pounds of dye, by the application of a moderate heat; for which purpose the vessel is placed at the end of a long funnel, which communicates with the furnace; while thus boiling, the liquor is skimmed from time to time, and with it the flesh, which necessarily adheres to the veins. About the tenth day, generally, the whole contents of the cauldron are in a liquefied state, upon which a fleece, from which the grease has been cleansed, is plunged into it by way of making trial; but until such time as the colour is found to satisfy the wishes of those preparing it, the liquor is still kept on the boil. The tint that inclines to red is looked upon as inferior to that which is of a blackish hue. The wool is left to lie in soak for five hours, and then, after carding it, it is thrown in again, until it has fully imbibed the colour.
Archaeological data from Tyre indicate that the snails were collected in large vats and left to decompose. This produced a hideous stench that was actually mentioned by ancient authors. Not much is known about the subsequent steps, and the actual ancient method for mass-producing the two murex dyes has not yet been successfully reconstructed; this special "blackish clotted blood" colour, which was prized above all others, is believed to be achieved by double-dipping the cloth, once in the indigo dye of H. trunculus and once in the purple-red dye of B. brandaris.
The Roman mythographer Julius Pollux, writing in the 2nd century AD, asserted (Onomasticon I, 45–49) that the purple dye was first discovered by the philosopher Heracles of Tyre, or rather, by his dog, whose mouth was stained purple from chewing on snails along the coast at Tyre. This story was depicted by Peter Paul Rubens in his painting Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye. According to John Malalas, the incident happened during the reign of the legendary King Phoenix of Tyre, the eponymous progenitor of the Phoenicians, and therefore he was the first ruler to wear Tyrian purple and legislate on its use.
Recently, the archaeological discovery of substantial numbers of Murex shells on Crete suggests that the Minoans may have pioneered the extraction of Imperial purple centuries before the Tyrians. Dating from collocated pottery suggests the dye may have been produced during the Middle Minoan period in the 20th–18th century BC. Accumulations of crushed murex shells from a hut at the site of Coppa Nevigata in southern Italy may indicate production of purple dye there from at least the 18th century BC. Additional archaeological evidence can be found from samples originating from excavations at the extensive Iron Age copper smelting site of “Slaves’ Hill” (Site 34), which is tightly dated by radiocarbon to the late 11th–early 10th centuries BC. Findings from this site include evidence of the use of purple dye found in stains used on pot shards. Evidence of the use of dye in pottery are found in most cases on the upper part of ceramic basins, on the inside surface, the areas in which the reduced dye-solution was exposed to air, and underwent oxidation that turned it purple.
The production of Murex purple for the Byzantine court came to an abrupt end with the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the critical episode of the Fourth Crusade. David Jacoby concludes that "no Byzantine emperor nor any Latin ruler in former Byzantine territories could muster the financial resources required for the pursuit of murex purple production. On the other hand, murex fishing and dyeing with genuine purple are attested for Egypt in the tenth to 13th centuries." By contrast, Jacoby finds that there are no mentions of purple fishing or dyeing, nor trade in the colorant in any Western source, even in the Frankish Levant. The European West turned instead to vermilion provided by the insect Kermes vermilio, known as grana, or crimson.
In 1909, Harvard anthropologist Zelia Nuttall compiled an intensive comparative study on the historical production of the purple dye produced from the carnivorous murex snail, source of the royal purple dye valued higher than gold in the ancient Near East and ancient Mexico. Not only did the people of ancient Mexico use the same methods of production as the Phoenicians, they also valued murex-dyed cloth above all others, as it appeared in codices as the attire of nobility. "Nuttall noted that the Mexican murex-dyed cloth bore a "disagreeable … strong fishy smell, which appears to be as lasting as the color itself." Likewise, the ancient Egyptian Papyrus of Anastasi laments: "The hands of the dyer reek like rotting fish ..." So pervasive was this stench that the Talmud specifically granted women the right to divorce any husband who became a dyer after marriage.
In 2021, archaeologists found surviving wool fibers dyed with royal purple in the Timna Valley in Israel. The find, which was dated to c. 1000 BC, constituted the first direct evidence of fabric dyed with the pigment from antiquity.
Murex purple production in North Africa
Murex purple was a very important industry in many Phoenician territories and Carthage was no exception. Traces of this once very lucrative industry are still visible in many Punic sites such as Kerkouane, Zouchis, Djerba and even in Carthage itself. According to Pliny, Meninx (today's Djerba) produced the best purple in Africa which was also ranked second only after Tyre's. It was found also at Essaouira (Morocco). The Royal purple or Imperial purple was probably used until the time of Augustine of Hippo (354–430) and before the demise of the Roman Empire.
Dye chemistry
Variations in colors of "Tyrian purple" from different snails are related to the presence of indigo dye (blue), 6-bromoindigo (purple), and the red 6,6′-dibromoindigo. Additional changes in color can be induced by debromination from light exposure (as is the case for Tekhelet) or by heat processing. The final shade of purple is decided by chromatogram, which can be identified by HPLC analysis in a single measurement: indigotin (IND) and indirubin (INR). The two are found in plant sources such as woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) and the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria L), as well as in several species of shellfish.
In 1998, by means of a lengthy trial and error process, a process for dyeing with Tyrian purple was rediscovered. This finding built on reports from the 15th century to the 18th century and explored the biotechnology process behind woad fermentation. It is hypothesized that an alkaline fermenting vat was necessary. An incomplete ancient recipe for Tyrian purple recorded by Pliny the Elder was also consulted. By altering the percentage of sea salt in the dye vat and adding potash, he was able to successfully dye wool a deep purple colour.
Recent research in organic electronics has shown that Tyrian purple is an ambipolar organic semiconductor. Transistors and circuits based on this material can be produced from sublimed thin-films of the dye. The good semiconducting properties of the dye originate from strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding that reinforces pi stacking necessary for transport.
Modern hue rendering
True Tyrian purple, like most high-chroma pigments, cannot be accurately rendered on a standard RGB computer monitor. Ancient reports are also not entirely consistent, but these swatches give a rough indication of the likely range in which it appeared:
_
_
The lower one is the sRGB colour #990024, intended for viewing on an output device with a gamma of 2.2 . It is a representation of RHS colour code 66A, which has been equated to "Tyrian red", a term which is often used as a synonym for Tyrian purple.
Philately
The colour name "Tyrian plum" is popularly given to a British postage stamp that was prepared, but never released to the public, shortly before the death of King Edward VII in 1910.
Gallery
See also
Explanatory notes
References
External links
Animal dyes
Organic pigments
Mollusc products
Organobromides
Halogen-containing natural products
Shades of violet
Byzantine culture
Byzantine clothing
Bromine-containing natural products
|
54885209
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%20United%20States%20Senate%20election%20in%20Wyoming
|
1966 United States Senate election in Wyoming
|
The 1966 United States Senate election in Wyoming was held on November 8, 1966. First-term Republican Senator Milward Simpson, who was first elected in the 1962 special election, declined to seek re-election because of his declining health. Governor Clifford Hansen won the Republican primary and faced Democratic Congressman Teno Roncalio in the general election. Despite the strong performance by Republicans nationwide, and the strong Republican victory in the gubernatorial election, the race was quite close. Hansen ended up winning, defeating Roncalio with 52% of the vote.
Democratic primary
Candidates
Teno Roncalio, U.S. Congressman from Wyoming's at-large congressional district
Results
Republican primary
Candidates
Clifford Hansen, Governor of Wyoming
Bud Kinney, perennial candidate
Results
General election
Results
References
Wyoming
United States Senate elections in Wyoming
1966 Wyoming elections
|
63646253
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutropis%20indeprensa
|
Eutropis indeprensa
|
Eutropis indeprensa, commonly known as Brown's mabuya, is a species of skink found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
References
Eutropis
Reptiles described in 1980
Taxa named by Walter Creighton Brown
Taxa named by Angel Chua Alcala
|
33978186
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlazne
|
Zlazne
|
Zlazne () is a village in Rivne Raion, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine, but was formerly administered within Kostopil Raion. In 2001, the community had 1593 residents. Its postal code is 35040.
References
Villages in Rivne Raion
|
65890094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExoLife%20Finder
|
ExoLife Finder
|
The ExoLife Finder (ELF) telescope is an under-development hybrid interferometric telescope being designed at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) for the direct detection and imaging of exoplanets and potentially water-bearing exoplanets. Developed by a collaboration of scientists and engineers including the PLANETS Foundation, the ELF aims to analyze the surfaces and atmospheres of exoplanets for evidence of life, focusing on nearby star systems within 25 light years of Earth. The telescope’s design features non-redundant circular arrays of 5-meter-scale mirrors and tensegrity-based mechanical support with an outer diameter of 35m. It uses multiple layers of advanced atmospheric wavefront sensing and control. It is a scalable optical concept, and could be built within a 10 year timeframe. A 3.5-meter precursor called the Small ELF (SELF) is currently being built in the Canary Islands. The ELF's first targets will include nearby stars cooler than the Sun.
ELF incorporates several new technologies in order to study exoplanets that could be 100 million times fainter than the stars they orbit. This combination of technologies results in smoother and lighter optics compared to conventional telescope mirrors and greater control of optical diffraction and wavefront errors created by the atmosphere. According to the team behind ELF, the telescope's imaging capabilities and detection methods, which include analyzing planetary energy signatures and spectroscopic chemical fingerprints, will advance our understanding of exoplanetary environments and the search for extraterrestrial life.
The Small ELF (SELF)
The Small ExoLife Finder (SELF) telescope is a 3.5m outer diameter Fizeau telescope built from 15 0.5m diameter subapertures arranged in a circular pattern like the ELF telescope. SELF uses a telescope support structure built from a tensegrity structure of cables and compressional elements. This structure creates a stiff basis for the optics that can be 10 times lighter than a conventional truss structure. The subapertures are aligned and carefully phased using a small secondary mirror for each of the 15 subapertures. Machine learning algorithms and photonic structures built into the optical system allow the SELF to overcome the effects of the atmosphere to suppress the bright central starlight in order to see the exoplanetary environments around nearby bright stars.
Laboratory for Innovation in OptoMechanics (LIOM)
The key to finding life is to measure reflected starlight from an exoplanet. ELF does this with a very large diameter telescope using optical technologies that can measure and correct the distortions in the optical wavefront created by the atmosphere above the telescope and the telescope's imperfections. The ELF depends on 4 innovations: 1) new ways of creating accurate light-weight large mirrors without grinding glass, 2) a scalable optical system that combines elements of conventional telescopes with interferometry, 3) new ways of precisely supporting optics without massive mechanical trusses, and 4) photonics and machine learning innovations to measure and correct the stellar wavefront. IAC hosts the Laboratory for Innovation in OptoMechanics (LIOM) where scientists, engineers, and students are working on solving all of these problems.
Design and specifications
The ExoLife Finder (ELF) is a specialized large telescope designed for exoplanetary research, with an ultimate focus on detecting the energy signatures of life or its optical fingerprints on nearby exoplanets. The ELF is effectively a Fizeau interferometer that links an array of diffraction-limited unobscured off-axis subaperture telescopes at a common Gregorian focus. The direct detection of exoplanetary light relies on an extremely large telescope aperture with superior control of diffraction and correction of atmospheric wavefront distortions. The ELF's basic design consists of circular arrays of 5-meter-scale mirrors, utilizing thin curvature-polished technology, resulting in a total diameter of about 35 meters. This size allows the ELF to “image” dozens of exoplanets within 25 light years of Earth, opening a new window onto exoplanetary science and the search for extraterrestrial life.
Cost is highly dependent on system mass and the ELF employs a structural principle called tensegrity which utilizes actively controlled tension and compression to greatly reduce weight. Tensegrity is often used in bridge designs but the term originated with Buckminster Fuller 50 years ago. Each of the ELF's mirrors has a dedicated secondary off-axis mirror. Off-axis telescopes are often used in radio dish receivers, but their usage in optical telescopes has been made possible by new polishing technology. This design reduces scattered light that might interfere with the faint optical signal received from exoplanets.
The ELF is intended to be scalable, affordable, and rapidly buildable within a decade timeframe. Its unusual design allows the telescope to achieve the sensitivity needed to reconstruct images of exoplanets, making it the earliest and most cost-effective path forward for finding and characterizing life on nearby exoplanets.
Mirror technology
One of the key innovations of the ELF telescope is its mirror technology, which significantly differs from that of traditional telescopes that are descended from the abrasive glass shaping concept pioneered by Isaac Newton 500 years ago. Such traditional telescope mirrors are several centimeters thick and can require many 10’s of cycles of rubbing and measuring to achieve a high quality optical surface. Large optical mirrors like these typically cost $0.5M per m2. The combination of curvature polishing and tensegrity support structures can reduce the cost and time to fabricate large telescope optics by more than an order of magnitude. Dynamically maintaining the shape of such thin mirrors against gravity direction changes and wind forces is done with 3D printed electroactive polymers.
Imaging and detection capabilities
ELF is designed to indirectly image the surface of exoplanets and to detect the energy signatures and spectroscopic chemical fingerprints that are indicative of life. The telescope's primary focus is on detecting molecules such as water, oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide, and ozone, which are commonly associated with life on Earth. Additionally, the ELF is capable of detecting photosynthetic bio-pigments on the surface of exoplanets, which could indicate the presence of photosynthetic organisms.
The ELF's useful imaging capabilities extend up to 120 trillion miles, or 24 light years, away from Earth with a particular sensitivity for exoplanets around stars cooler than the Sun. This range allows it to target dozens of exoplanets within 25 light years of our solar system, including the nearby star system Alpha Centauri, which holds promising worlds like Proxima B in the habitable zone.
To achieve its imaging and detection goals, the ELF utilizes the so-called vortex nulling properties of its Fizeau interferometry. These optics create what is called a coronagraph from the telescope primary optics alone. The use of complex inversion algorithms that depend on repeated observations of the exoplanet systems over months then samples the exoplanetary rotation and orbit to reveal details of its surface structure like oceans, continents, forests, deserts, or even city complexes.
Location
The precursor small ELF is locate on Mt. Teide on Tenerife island and the proposed location for the full ELF telescope could be in the Canary Islands for seeing the Northern sky or in Chile's Atacama Desert to see southern exoplanets like Proxima B. The remote and dry environment of the Atacama Desert provides optimal conditions for astronomical observations, while minimizing light pollution and atmospheric disturbances.
References
Astronomical imaging
Astronomical instruments
Exoplanets
|
24800619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%20I%20Have%20to%20Say%20the%20Words%3F
|
Do I Have to Say the Words?
|
"Do I Have to Say the Words?" is a song by Canadian singer and songwriter Bryan Adams for his sixth studio album, Waking Up the Neighbours (1991). It was written and produced by Adams and Robert John "Mutt" Lange, with Jim Vallance serving as co-writer of the track. It was released in July 1992 as the sixth single from the album. "Do I Have to Say the Words?" is a mid-tempo pop rock ballad with guitar riffs and soft synths in its instrumentation, while Adams gives a dramatic vocal delivery.
The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised the track for being a beautiful ballad and Adams for his vocal delivery. Commercially, the song was successful in North America, reaching number two in Canada and number eleven on the US Billboard Hot 100. Elsewhere, it peaked modestly, reaching the top-forty in three other countries. The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Anton Corbijn and was shot in Turkey and Iceland. The song was also included on some of Adams' compilations.
Composition and reception
"Do I Have to Say the Words?" was written and produced by Bryan Adams and Robert John "Mutt" Lange, with Jim Vallance serving as a co-writer. The track began life as a different Adams/Vallance composition called "Rescue Me", an unreleased version of which was recorded with producer Steve Lillywhite. "Rescue Me" was a mid-tempo song that Jim Vallance has described as "U2 inspired". As part of the recording sessions for Waking Up the Neighbours, Mutt Lange radically altered the song, switching the chorus to become the verse, slowing the tempo to create a rock ballad and adding a new chorus, to create the new track "Do I Have to Say the Words?". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing Group, it is written in the key of G major with a rock ballad tempo of 72 beats per minute in common time. The mid-tempo ballad features guitar riffs and "cushiony" synths as its instrumentation, while Adams delivers a dramatic vocal. In a part of the chorus, he "whines", "Do I have to tell the truth?"
Larry Flick of Billboard called it a "charming rock ballad", where Adams "returns to the pensive, romantic tone of his record-breaking hit '(Everything I Do) I Do It for You'." Flick noted that the singer "excels at laying agile [instrumentation] for his gravelly, dramatic vocal delivery." David Hiltbrand and Craig Tomashoff of People named it the best of the ballads on the album. James Hunter of Rolling Stone named it a moodier "eloquent mall ballad," while Jan DeKnock of Chicago Tribune noted that "he really does shine brightest on [the] beautifully bittersweet [ballad]."
Music video
The music video was directed by Anton Corbijn and was mainly shot in Istanbul, Turkey on July 28, 1992. The video marked the first outdoor stadium show in Istanbul history, with over 20,000 concertgoers in İnönü Stadium. Part of the video was filmed in Iceland with the female character.
Track listings
US cassette single
"Do I Have to Say the Words?" (edit) – 4:18
"Cuts Like a Knife" (live) – 5:36
UK and European 7-inch single
"Do I Have to Say the Words?" (edit)
"Summer of '69" (live)
UK and European CD single
"Do I Have to Say the Words?"
"Summer of '69" (live)
"Kids Wanna Rock" (live)
"Can't Stop This Thing We Started" (live)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
References
External links
1990s ballads
1991 songs
1992 singles
A&M Records singles
Black-and-white music videos
Bryan Adams songs
Music videos directed by Anton Corbijn
Rock ballads
Song recordings produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Songs written by Bryan Adams
Songs written by Jim Vallance
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
|
56578636
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20USA%20Team%20Handball%20College%20Nationals
|
2007 USA Team Handball College Nationals
|
The 2007 College Nationals was the 12th Men's and Women's College Nationals. The College Nationals was a team handball tournament to determined the College National Champion from 2007 from the US.
Final ranking
Source:
Men's ranking
Women's ranking
References
USA Team Handball College Nationals by year
|
73096277
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolopendra%20leki
|
Scolopendra leki
|
Scolopendra leki is a species of centipede in the Scolopendridae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 2012.
Distribution
The species occurs in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia.
Behaviour
The centipedes are solitary terrestrial predators that inhabit plant litter, soil and rotting wood.
References
leki
Centipedes of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Arthropods of Western Australia
Animals described in 2012
Taxa named by Gregory Edgecombe
|
11903840
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill%20College%20Avenue
|
McGill College Avenue
|
McGill College Avenue (officially in ) is a street in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Named for McGill University, the street was widened in the 1980s and transformed into a scenic avenue with McGill's Roddick Gates on Sherbrooke Street at its north end and the Place Ville Marie plaza at its south end.
History
The street was first laid out in 1857, on the axis leading up to the original McGill College Building, now the Arts Building of McGill University. Proposals to widen McGill College date back to at least 1952, when the French architect Jacques Greber submitted a design to the City of Montreal.
In 1983, the plan to widen McGill College as a scenic avenue was imperiled by a proposal to house a concert hall in Place Montreal Trust, with a design for an office tower that would have partially obstructed the view of Mount Royal. The plan encountered public opposition, including from architectural activist Phyllis Lambert, a member of the board of directors of Cadillac Fairview, the project's developer. This idea of a concert hall on McGill College was abandoned in favour of a design for Place Montreal Trust with a wider setback. Montreal's concert hall would instead be built further east, as part of the Place des Arts complex.
Structures
Only four blocks in length, buildings along McGill College include 1981 McGill College 1253 McGill College, 1501 McGill College, Place Montreal Trust and its adjoining Bell Media Tower, 2000 McGill College and Centre Eaton. Public art on the street includes the sculpture The Illuminated Crowd by Raymond Mason, in front of 1981 McGill College. The Mount Royal Tunnel runs directly under the avenue.
Events
During the summer, the west sidewalk is the site of photography exhibitions by the nearby McCord Museum.
Since 2001, the street has been the site of the Montréal Fashion and Design Festival, which takes place each year in early August.
References
External links
Montréal Fashion and Design Festival
Streets in Montreal
Downtown Montreal
Odonyms referring to a building
|
15298485
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Pearce
|
Andy Pearce
|
Andrew Pearce (born 20 April 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.
As a player he notably played in the Premier League for Coventry City, Sheffield Wednesday and Wimbledon, as well as non-league sides Halesowen Town and Aldershot Town
Playing career
He spent his career in England, starting at Halesowen Town, then moved to Coventry City and, after three seasons at Highfield Road moved to Sheffield Wednesday where he achieved cult status following his goal against Sheffield United in a memorable 3–1 victory at Hillsborough. He also helped them reach the semi-finals of the Football League Cup in the 1993-94 season, when they also finished seventh in the FA Premier League.
In November 1995, he moved to Wimbledon for £600,000 but played just seven times for them in the 1995-96 season and was never selected for the first team again after that season, although he remained on the club's payroll for a further three seasons before he was finally given a free transfer. He completed his playing career with a two-year spell in the Isthmian League with Aldershot Town before finally retiring as a player in 2001.
References
1966 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Halesowen Town F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Premier League players
People from Bradford-on-Avon
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Wiltshire
|
40585343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath%20House%2C%20London
|
Heath House, London
|
Heath House is a historic mansion on Hampstead Heath. It is Grade II* listed and located on Hampstead's North End Way in the London Borough of Camden. It is located at the highest point upon leaving the capital, about four miles north of Trafalgar Square. The Hampstead War Memorial stands in front of the house.
From 1790 Heath House was the family seat of banker and philanthropist Sir Samuel Hoare, who entertained many notable figures there, particularly writers and poets. The house remained in the Hoare family until it was badly damaged in the Second World War; it was then sold, passing through several families over the decades. As of January 2023, the house is once more empty and awaiting restoration.
Hoare history
Samuel Hoare was a banker from a Quaker background. A younger brother, Jonathan Hoare, made his family seat in a village about the same distance from the City as Hampstead, namely Stoke Newington; Paradise House, now known as Clissold House, and its surrounding parkland are now open 0to the public as Clissold Park.
There are several branches of the Hoare family which have been involved in the City (for example those connected with the broking firm Hoare Govett, or those connected with the small private bank C. Hoare & Co, who are only most distantly related. The Quaker branch of the family (the residents of Heath House) is the one which played a significant part in philanthropy and public life, for example in the movement for abolition of slavery by co-founding The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Several members of the family became members of Parliament, including Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet who held the Norwich seat, his son Sir Samuel Hoare, who was Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary and was created Viscount Templewood, and Edward Brodie Hoare, who held the Hampstead seat.
In the banking world the family bank, Barnett Hoare & Co of Lombard Street was one of the City's most prestigious merchant banks which eventually merged with Lloyds Bank, with the combined bank retaining the Lloyds name and adopting the Barnett Hoare logo of the black horse (which is still in use as of 2023). Edward Hoare, the senior member of the bank at the time of the merger, then served as deputy chairman of Lloyds.
Samuel Hoare entertained generously. William Howitt referred to Heath House as "Mr Hoare's hopitable mansion". According to Edward Walford (1878):
The poet Crabbe was a frequent visitor at the hospitable residence of Mr. Samuel Hoare, on the Heath. Campbell writes: "The last time I saw Crabbe was when I dined with him at the house of Mr. Hoare, at Hampstead. He very kindly came to the coach to see me off, and I never pass that spot on the top of Hampstead Heath without thinking of him." The mansion is called "The Hill," and was the seat of Mr. Samuel Hoare, the banker. Here used to congregate the great poets of the age, Rogers, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Campbell, Lucy Aikin, Mrs. Marcet, and Agnes and Joanna Baillie; whilst the centre of the gathering was the poet Crabbe. In the "Life of the Rev. George Crabbe," by his son, we read: "During his first and second visits to London my father spent a good deal of his time beneath the hospitable roof of the late Samuel Hoare, Esq., on Hampstead Heath. He owed his introduction to this respectable family to his friend Mr. Bowles, and the author of the delightful 'Excursions in the West,' Mr. Warner; and though Mr. Hoare was an invalid, and little disposed to form new connections, he was so much gratified with Mr. Crabbe's manners and conversation, that their acquaintance grew into an affectionate and lasting intimacy. Mr. Crabbe, in subsequent years, made Hampstead his head-quarters on his spring visits, and only repaired thence occasionally to the brilliant circles of the metropolis."
The poet Joanna Baillie wrote of her visits there:
It is a goodly sight through the clear air,'
From Hampstead's healthy height, to see at once
England's vast capital in fair expanse—
Towers, belfries, lengthen'd streets, and structures fair.
St. Paul's high dome amidst the vassal bands
Of neighbouring spires a regal chieftain stands;
And over fields of ridgy roofs appear,
With distance softly tinted, side by side
In kindred grace, like twain of sisters dear,
The Towers of Westminster, her Abbey's pride.
Samuel Hoare had a son by his first marriage, of the same name, who in 1806 married Louisa Gurney, of the Norwich banking family. Her siblings included Elizabeth Fry, the prison reformer, Joseph John Gurney (1788–1847) and Samuel Gurney (1786–1856), philanthropists, and Daniel Gurney (1791–1880), banker and antiquary. The Hoares worked with William Wilberforce in the fight for abolition of slavery.
Recent history and current status
After the war, the house remained largely unoccupied and deteriorated since it left the Hoare family's ownership. It was bought by Donald Forrester, who undertook a major renovation on the building and the grounds. It then became a Forrester family home for several years.
From 1971 to 1977 Heath House was the home of Peter King, owner of Screen International (King Publications). It was sold in 1977 to property owner John Sunley and then acquired in 1979 by a prominent Saudi Arabian family.
Over the last few decades, with changes of ownership, Heath House has fallen into a state of disrepair. Planning applications to convert the derelict building into flats were rejected in 2019. Heath House remains clad in scaffolding to preserve its exterior until a decision is made about its future.
References
Houses completed in the 18th century
Houses in Hampstead
Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden
Grade II* listed houses in London
|
8528504
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murata%20Electronics%20%28Finland%29
|
Murata Electronics (Finland)
|
Murata Electronics Oy is a Finnish company (previously called VTI Technologies Oy) that design, develop and manufacture accelerometers, inclinometers and gyro sensors based on the company's proprietary 3D MEMS technology. These sensors are used to measure things such as acceleration, inclination, vibration and pressure. In 2012, VTI Technologies was acquired by the Japanese Murata Manufacturing group, and changed its name to Murata Electronics Oy.
Products and applications
The products are used in automotive industry, industrial applications and healthcare technology. Murata Electronics is the market leading manufacturer and supplier of acceleration and inclination sensors to the global automotive industry and the world's leading manufacturer of motion sensors for electronic stability control systems. In healthcare Murata Electronics is the global market leader in motion sensors for pacemakers. In industrial applications Murata's sensors are used in demanding agricultural and other heavy machinery applications such as harvesters, forest machines, tractors and mining equipment.
References
External links
Technology companies of Finland
Vantaa
|
25496559
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fallen%20Sparrow
|
The Fallen Sparrow
|
The Fallen Sparrow is a 1943 American spy film starring John Garfield, Maureen O'Hara, Patricia Morison, and Walter Slezak. It is based on the novel of the same name by Dorothy B. Hughes. Nazi spies pursue an American, John "Kit" McKittrick, a Spanish Civil War veteran in possession of a priceless keepsake, who returns home to find out who murdered his friend. It received an Oscar nomination for Best Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture.
Plot
Kit endured two years of brutal torture after being captured in the Spanish Civil War. However, he managed to withhold the vital information sought by his captors, particularly their leader, a never-seen Nazi with a limp. His lifelong friend, Louie Lepetino, arranged his escape. When Louie, a New York police lieutenant, dies under suspicious circumstances, Kit cuts short his convalescence in Arizona and returns to the city to investigate. At the end of the trip, he bumps into attractive fellow passenger Toni Donne.
When Kit goes to the police to find out what they know, Inspector Tobin tells him Louie's death was an accident, but Kit knows better. After arranging to stay in the apartment of another friend, Ab Parker, he begins to make the acquaintance of the various guests at the party at which Louie made his fatal plunge. Among them are noted Norwegian historian and wheelchair-using refugee Dr. Christian Skaas; his nephew, Otto; Kit's old flame, Barby Taviton, who hosted the ill-fated party; and Toni Donne. Also present were singer Whitney Parker, who is Ab's cousin, and her piano-playing accompanist, Anton. Kit is shaken when Dr. Skaas discusses the superiority of modern methods of torture over those of the past; it jibes too closely with what he endured.
Kit does not know whom to trust, but he is attracted to Toni, and she to him. However, it turns out that Toni was the only witness to Louie's fall, which raises Kit's suspicions. Meanwhile, Kit repeatedly hears, or imagines he hears, the man with the limp, suggesting that he may not be fully recovered from his ordeal.
When Kit returns to the apartment, he is attacked in the darkness. He manages to gain the upper hand, and when he turns on the light, he discovers his assailant is Anton. Anton reveals that Kit was allowed to escape from Spain, and that he has been watched constantly ever since in the hope that he would betray himself. Kit's brigade killed a general who was very close to Adolf Hitler. Hitler vowed to get all those responsible and to hang the brigade's battle standard on his wall. Kit knows where the flag is hidden.
The next morning, Kit is awoken by a gunshot. He finds Ab dead in the next room, shot through the head. Again, Inspector Tobin insists it must have been suicide. However, Kit knows that, because of a childhood accident, Ab was terrified of guns.
In front of key witnesses, Kit gives Toni a medallion from the battle standard, mounted in a necklace—a declaration for all to see that he knows where the flag is. Toni begs him to give up what she considers to be just a "dirty rag", but Kit is determined to foil the "little man" in Berlin.
In the end, Kit insists that she choose. She agrees to help him get into Dr. Skaas's office during another party. Kit knows the man with the limp will show up. But first, he has to drink a toast with Skaas. Previously, when drinking with the doctor, Kit switched their goblets, joking about an "old Borgia custom". He repeats the gesture, but Skaas is prepared: His own drink is drugged. While Kit searches the office, he hears the man with a limp. The door opens, and Skaas walks in, dragging one leg. Skaas taunts Kit with the truth: Otto killed Lepetino (who was investigating the Skaases for the Federal Government), he himself murdered Ab—and Kit has been drugged. However, Kit manages to shoot and kill the doctor and summon help before losing consciousness.
Toni explains that her 3-year-old daughter is being held hostage. Kit lets her go and arranges to meet her in Chicago.
Kit tells Tobin he plans to go to Lisbon to retrieve the flag and hand it over to “some of the boys.” “Brigades will be forming again.” Tobin asks if Kit is sure about Toni…
Cut to Kit and Tobin watching as Toni boards the Lisbon Clipper. On board, Kit stops her explanations, saying, “ I wish there were a little girl.”
“Another sparrow fell,” Kit says, watching as police take her away.
Cast
Reception
The film earned a profit of $0.7 million, on rentals of $1.5 million.
On August, 20, 1943, The New York Times observed: “As the story of an extraordinary conflict between a group of Nazi agents and a onetime Spanish Loyalist volunteer whose sanity has been wrenched by their tortures, it is a far-from-flawless film….But by virtue of a taut performance by John Garfield in the central role, and the singular skill with which director Richard Wallace has highlighted the significant climaxes, The Fallen Sparrow emerges as one of the uncommon and provocatively handled melodramas of recent months….What lifts the film above the merely far-fetched and macabre is largely the skill with which Director Wallace has used both soundtrack and camera to suggest the stresses upon the volunteer's fear-drenched mind. A street lamp shining through a fire escape throws a lattice across a sweating face; in a shadowy room, the remembered footsteps mingle with the tinkle of a bell and become the sound of dripping water from a leaking faucet. And again, when the climax is being quietly prepared at a refugee gathering in a mansion, the strident strains and swirling skirts of a gypsy dance brush momentarily across the silence between the warring opponents.Through these scenes and others Mr. Garfield remains almost constantly convincing and without his sure and responsive performance in a difficult role Mr. Wallace's effects would have been lost entirely. “
In 2004,film critic Dennis Schwartz gave the film a mostly positive review, writing, "Though the plot is dubious, the suspense mounts as Garfield goes after the heavies and finds himself enmeshed in a fight for survival with the ruthless Nazis. If the plot wasn't so vague, this could have been a lot better psychological thriller. Garfield is grand as the intense war vet, who has been psychologically scarred by the war."
References
External links
The Fallen Sparrow informational site and DVD review at DVD Beaver (includes images)
1943 films
American spy films
American black-and-white films
Film noir
Films scored by Roy Webb
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Richard Wallace
RKO Pictures films
Spanish Civil War films
Films based on works by Dorothy B. Hughes
1940s spy films
1940s American films
|
6111170
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20Haines
|
Jackson Haines
|
Jackson Haines (1840–1875) was an American ballet dancer and figure skater who is regarded as the father of modern figure skating.
Life
Haines was a trained ballet dancer. When he was a young man, he performed in skating exhibitions and on the variety stages. At this time, figure skating was performed in the "English style", which was rigid and formal, unlike what is performed today. Haines's style was in complete contrast; he used his ballet background to create graceful programs, and introduced accompanying music, an innovation. He also screwed his figure skates directly onto his boots, which added stability and allowed him to do more athletic leaps and jumps. The common practice of the time was to strap the blades onto the boot, but direct attachments of skates based on the designs of the accomplished skater and author, "Captain" Robert Jones had been manufactured in London as early as 1772.
Haines's style was not well received in the United States. He went to Europe to display and teach it, which became known as the "International style". He lived in Vienna for a time, where his skating became popular.
Haines died of tuberculosis and pneumonia in Gamlakarleby (nowadays in Finnish: Kokkola, in Swedish: Karleby), Finland in 1875.
Haines was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame and the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1976.
Legacy
Haines was the inventor of the sit spin, one of the three basic spin types. The other two are the upright spin, about as old as the art of ice skating itself; and the camel spin, invented during the twentieth century by Cecilia Colledge. His style did not become popular in the United States until many years after his death. The first American figure skating championships in the "International Style" were held on March 20, 1914, in New Haven, Connecticut.
See also
List of people considered father or mother of a field
References
External links
www.stockholmskallan.se has formerly unknown media about Jackson Haines
1840 births
1875 deaths
American male single skaters
Sportspeople from New York City
|
8432659
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leninsky%20City%20District%2C%20Perm
|
Leninsky City District, Perm
|
Leninsky City District () is one of the seven city districts of the city of Perm in Perm Krai, Russia. Population: It is the least populous city district of Perm.
Name
The city district is named after Vladimir Lenin, a Russian revolutionary and politician and the founder of the Soviet state.
On October 4, 1954, in the center of Komsomolsky garden in front of Perm Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, the monument to Lenin was installed. The author of this monument was Soviet sculptor Georgy Neroda, a corresponding member of USSR Academy of Arts.
Geography
The city district is situated on both banks of the Kama River. The part on the right bank is sparsely populated and mostly covered by forest. The city center is situated on the left bank of Kama.
Largest streets
Lenina Street ()
Komsomolsky Avenue ()
Establishments
Educational establishments:
Perm State Technical University ();
Perm State Institute of Arts and Culture ().
Theatres:
Perm Academic Opera and Ballet Theater ();
Perm Academic Drama Theater ().
References
City districts of Perm, Russia
|
57744476
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourke%20Post%20Office
|
Bourke Post Office
|
Bourke Post Office is a heritage-listed post office at 47 Oxley Street, Bourke, Bourke Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the Colonial Architect's Office under James Barnet and built in 1880 by E. Heseler. It is also known as Bourke Post and Telegraph Office. The property is owned by the Keane Family Trust. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 23 June 2000.
History
The first official postal service in Australia was established in April 1809, when the Sydney merchant Isaac Nichols was appointed as the first Postmaster in the colony of NSW. Prior to this mail had been distributed directly by the captain of the ship on which the mail arrived, however this system was neither reliable nor secure.
In 1825 the colonial administration was empowered to establish a Postmaster General's Department, which had previously been administered from Britain.
In 1828 the first post offices outside of Sydney were established, with offices in Bathurst, Campbelltown, Parramatta, Liverpool, Newcastle, Penrith and Windsor. By 1839 there were forty post offices in the colony, with more opening as settlement spread. The advance of postal services was further increased as the railway network began to be established throughout NSW from the 1860s. Also, in 1863, the Postmaster General W. H. Christie noted that accommodation facilities for postmasters in some post offices was quite limited, and stated that it was a matter of importance that "post masters should reside and sleep under the same roof as the office".
The appointment of James Barnet as Acting Colonial Architect in 1862 coincided with a considerable increase in funding to the public works program. Between 1865 and 1890 the Colonial Architect's Office was responsible for the building and maintenance of 169 post offices and telegraph offices in NSW. The post offices constructed during this period were designed in a variety of architectural styles, as Barnet argued that the local parliamentary representatives always preferred "different patterns".
The construction of new post offices continued throughout the 1890s depression years under the leadership of Walter Liberty Vernon, who retained office from 1890 to 1911. While twenty-seven post offices were built between 1892 and 1895, funding to the Government Architect's Office was cut from 1893 to 1895, causing Vernon to postpone a number of projects.
Following Federation in 1901, the Commonwealth Government took over responsibility for post, telegraph and telephone offices, with the Department of Home Affairs Works Division being made responsible for post office construction. In 1916 construction was transferred to the Department of Works and Railways, with the Department of the Interior responsible during World War II.
On 22 December 1975 the Postmaster General's Department was abolished and replaced by the Post and Telecommunications Department, with Telecom and Australia Post being created. In 1989, the Australian Postal Corporation Act established Australia Post as a self funding entity, which heralded a new direction in property management, including a move towards smaller shop front style post offices away from the larger, more traditional buildings.
For much of its history, the post office has been responsible for a wide variety of community services including mail distribution, as agencies for the Commonwealth Savings Bank, electoral enrolments, and the provision of telegraph and telephone services. The town post office served as a focal point for the community, most often built in a prominent position in the centre of town close to other public buildings, creating a nucleus of civic buildings and community pride.
Bourke Post Office
The post office at Bourke was opened on 22 July 1862, with Joseph Becker appointed as its first postmaster. Becker was an employee of the firm Alexander Ross and Co, whose building acted as the first post office. This office took over the function of the Post Office located at Fort Bourke, some down the Darling River at Nulta Nulta. Fort Bourke Post Office was closed in 1865. In August 1873 a telegraph office was opened in Bourke, also in a rented premises. The two offices were amalgamated in July 1879, although they had been operating out of the same building since November 1878.
The 1870s and 1880s saw considerable economic growth in Bourke, with river trade booming. As a result, a number of new buildings were constructed in the town, creating a small civic precinct. In 1877 a site for the proposed new post office was selected on a portion of the Government Reserve adjacent to the Court House. A sum of £2,500 was proposed for the erection of an office measuring 35 feet by 20 feet, with a residence comprising two sitting rooms, four bedrooms, kitchen, pantry and stable. A bathroom was added later.
By May 1878 no tenders had been accepted by the Colonial Architect owing to the excessive cost, however by November 1878 the tender of E. Heseler for a single-storey office had been approved, with an underground well and site fence. The new building was occupied by September 1880, however by 1884 extensive repairs were required due to white ant damage and a leaking roof, with the well also requiring cleaning and rebricking. The postmaster also requested the erection of a room for the Telegraph Department.
In December 1884, when it became obvious that alterations would reduce the living space for the postmaster, an additional storey was proposed for the building to provide additional accommodation. For a cost of £1590 an additional storey, verandah and internal modifications were completed in 1889, with a weatherboard stable building also built in 1889.
By 1890 Bourke was one of the busiest and most important post and telegraph offices in the state outside of Sydney, due to Bourke being a major service centre for the west of NSW and the southwest of Queensland. In 1891 one third of the adjacent land to the west of the Office was acquired for a stable yard. Further work was carried out between 1899 and 1900, including the construction of a new entrance lobby in front of the building, the old lobby being converted into a messenger's room. A room for the postmaster was also to be built. A telegraph operating table was also to be installed, with the completion of the additions being advised on 4 March 1901 at a cost of £730. The old timber lobby was demolished in 1903 due to it being deemed unnecessary and eaten by white ants.
The construction date of the rear enclosed verandah is unknown, however it appears to date from around -1910s. The rear service wing underwent a change of use s with the probable expansion of telecommunications facilities. Installation of the later kitchen to the ground floor residence and bathroom to the upper floor occurred -70s, followed by installation of the later toilets and staff facilities to the rear enclosed verandah -80s.
Bourke Post Office remains a symbol of the riverboat period of great prosperity in the town and has been the centre of communications to the northwestern region of NSW for over a century.
Description
Bourke Post Office is a two-storey Victorian Filigree style building of cream painted double brick lower storey and reddish-brown face brick upper storey. There is a single-storey painted double brick wing to the rear of the main building section and an enclosed weatherboard skillion verandah to the north side of the wing.
The main building has a wide, two-storey verandah that wraps around three facades and is partly enclosed to the eastern side on the ground floor with weatherboard and the first floor with fibre cement sheet and flyscreen.
The building is asymmetrical (the original section having been symmetrical) and has an early single-storey cream painted brick addition to the centre front facade, extending out from beneath the first floor verandah. The addition has a separate hipped awning of corrugated iron, a white painted, curved solid timber valance and timber posts.
The roof of the main building is corrugated iron, and is two tiered with a hipped roof and shaped eaves brackets. It sits above a hipped and skillion first floor verandah awning supported on green painted cast iron posts with white painted original cast iron brackets and balustrade.
The first floor timber boarded verandah is supported on cast iron posts similar to the upper posts, with an original white painted, deep, curved, vertical paling valance.
There are two cream painted corbelled chimneys to the main building penetrating the top roof ridge lines on the east and west sides of the roof. Between the chimneys is an intrusive air conditioning unit. Two additional face brick corbelled chimneys are located to the rear wing on the east and west sides and another face brick single chimney to the current laundry in the weatherboard skillion addition at the far eastern end. Another intrusive air conditioning unit is located at the centre of the wing.
Doors and windows appear largely original. They include timber sash windows and French doors with flat brick arches (rubbed red brick on the top floor), painted stone sills and some polished stone thresholds to the upper floor verandah doors.
Signage to the building comprises the building title and postcode above the front addition awning and a standard Australia Post sign to the east of the building, not attached. There is also a small brass plaque located to the left of the front addition facade indicating the 1890 flood level.
The interior ground floor is divided into three main areas, including the small, carpeted retail area with standard modern Australia Post fitout comprising display wall panelling, security mirrors and laminated counters in a grey colour scheme. To the rear of the retail area is the vinyl-floored mail sorting and storage area, post boxes and staff facilities to the rear verandah. Also to the rear is the carpeted residential section of the ground floor including part of the rear, enclosed verandah.
The mail area in particular has been considerably altered, with modern shelving, post boxes, blocked fireplaces and later openings. The walls to this area are rendered and painted grey and the ground floor retains a s plaster and batten ceiling. Original elements have been retained, including columns and pilasters with decorated capitals and original wall vents. The ground floor residential area appears largely original, retaining doors, windows, architraves, skirting, picture rails and cornices, excepting the substantially changed residential kitchen currently undergoing renovation.
The residence, incorporating the upper floor and rear ground floor, generally retains its original doors and windows, with French doors and fanlights to the upper verandah, later screen doors, varnished joinery, grey marble (upper floor), or slate and timber fireplaces (ground floor) and stair.
The stair comprises turned timber posts and balusters and carved brackets on the outer stringer, with a varnished timber boarded lining to the under side of the upper flight and timber side panelling. The walls have been re-rendered and painted, the former library being wallpapered. Some ceilings have been altered with battens and new ceilings. The upper floor has a complete new, lowered, plasterboard ceiling and cornice with air conditioning registers installed. Unsympathetic light fittings have been installed to the ground and upper floors. The upper floor verandah has an unfinished narrow timber boarded floor and a painted v-jointed boarded soffit.
There is a domed old brick tank in the rear yard of the main building and an English bond brick outbuilding, which is attached to the Post Office enclosed verandah via a covered way. The outbuilding appears to be of original construction as the former service wing containing kitchen and other services. The openings to the southern side have been bricked in, and it is currently used by Telstra, with a verandah on the north side. The outbuilding is currently separated from Post Office usage, however it remains part of the original curtilage. A carport and rusticated weatherboard shed, neither significant, are located to the rear of the backyard.
A large Telstra communications tower to the rear of the building dominates the roofscape. To the western side of the post office is a highly unsympathetic, austere single-storey Telstra exchange building in red brick. To the east is the brick and tile National Australia Bank. Bourke Post Office is located within a predominantly single-storey, wide streetscape, punctuated by the two-storey buildings such as the Fitzgerald Post Office Hotel opposite and other taller facades. Vegetation is sparse to the street and shopfront awnings are common.
Telephone boxes have been installed on the pavement to the front left of the Lachlan Street facade.
Slender sympathetic street lighting poles have been well spaced out along the street, as well as young trees in traffic islands to the sides of the building. Pavers have been laid to form the footpath and abut the Post Office ground floor walls.
Bourke Post Office was reported to appear to generally be in very good condition excepting general wear and tear as at 14 April 2000.
There is archaeological potential within the grounds, particularly within the vicinity of the early brick tank and former service wing. The openings to the former service wing have been bricked in and it has been isolated for use by Telstra. The exterior appears generally intact; however, the interior was inaccessible.
The Bourke Post Office is largely intact, and retains the features which make it culturally significant, including architectural details such as the decorative timber valance, iron balcony railings, iron brackets, and its overall scale, form and style.
Heritage listing
Bourke Post Office is significant at a State level for its historical associations, aesthetic qualities and social meaning. Bourke Post Office is historically significant because it was the centre of communications for the northwestern region of NSW for over a century. The form and scale of Bourke Post Office reflects the riverboat period of great prosperity in the town. Bourke Post Office also provides evidence of the changing nature of postal and telecommunications practices in NSW, particularly in servicing a widely dispersed regional community. Bourke Post Office is aesthetically significant because it is a strong example of the Victorian Filigree style, and makes an important aesthetic contribution to the civic precinct in Bourke. Bourke Post Office is also associated with the Colonial Architect's Office under James Barnet. Bourke Post Office is also considered to be significant to the Bourke community's sense of place.
Bourke Post Office was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 23 June 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
Bourke Post Office is historically significant because it became one of the busiest post and telegraph offices in the state outside of Sydney in the late nineteenth century, as Bourke was a major service centre for the west of NSW and the southwest of QLD. The post office has been the centre of communications for the community for over a century. The form and scale of Bourke Post Office also reflect the riverboat period of great prosperity in the town. Bourke Post Office is associated with the Colonial Architect's Office under James Barnet, which designed and maintained a number of post offices across NSW between 1865 and 1890.
Bourke Post Office also provides evidence of the changing nature of postal and telecommunications practices in NSW, particularly in servicing a widely dispersed regional community.
The additions made to Bourke Post Office to improve the accommodation facilities for the residing postmasters reflects the changing requirements and standards in working conditions in NSW.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
Bourke Post Office is aesthetically significant because it is a fine example of the Victorian Filigree style. The architectural style and location of the building also make it a focal point of the civic precinct of Bourke, endowing it with landmark qualities.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
As a prominent civic building, and as the centre of communications for the region, Bourke Post Office is considered to be significant to the Bourke community's sense of place.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The site has some potential to contain archaeological information which may provide information relating to the previous use of the site and the evolution of the building and out-buildings associated with the use by the post office.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Bourke Post Office is an archetypal example of a country post office, as it is strongly expressive of Australian country architecture in the late Victorian period.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
Bourke Post Office is a good example of the Victorian Filigree style of architecture. It is part of the group of nineteenth century post offices in NSW designed by the Colonial Architect's Office under James Barnet.
See also
References
Bibliography
Attribution
External links
New South Wales State Heritage Register
Bourke, New South Wales
Post office buildings in New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
1880 establishments in Australia
Government buildings completed in 1880
James Barnet buildings
|
12687058
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20Concert%20%28Miles%20Davis%20album%29
|
In Concert (Miles Davis album)
|
In Concert is a live double album by American jazz musician Miles Davis. It was recorded in 1972 at the Philharmonic Hall in New York City. Columbia Records' original release did not credit any personnel, recording date, or track listing, apart from the inner liner listing the two titles "Foot Fooler" and "Slickaphonics".
Critical reception
In a contemporary review of the album, Bob Palmer of Rolling Stone magazine believed Carlos Garnett's saxophone playing sounded marginalized, but wrote that the music is "bracing, popping, at least one step ahead of the many Davis imitators. There are few real surprises, but there's a continuing skein of rhythms, themes and developments that makes fine extended listening." Robert Christgau wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981) that although "it takes a while to get into gear" and is "pretty narrow in function", the album's "urban voodoo" has "more going for it rhythmically than On the Corner." In an article for The Village Voice, Christgau wrote of the album upon its reissue in 1997:
According to AllMusic editor Steve Huey, "melody isn't the point of this music; it's about power, rhythm, and the sum energy of the collective, and of Davis' electric jazz-rock albums, In Concert does one of the most mind-bending jobs of living up to those ideals". Erik Davis, writing in Spin magazine, praised its "rhythmic wall of sound" and said that its music is "of such propulsive psychedelic density that it makes the heaviest P-Funk sound like the Archies." JazzTimes writer Tom Terrell called Davis "a spiritual Hendrix with his own cosmic band of gypsies", and commented that the album's "visionary performance ... predicts hip hop ('Rated X's bassline = 'White Lines'), Ornette's Prime Time ('Black Satin') and Talking Heads ('Ife')".
In a mixed review, Don Heckman of the Los Angeles Times criticized Davis' use of the wah-wah effects controller and said that he was "not in particularly exceptional form" because he had "moved more deeply into pounding funk rhythms and fairly static sound textures." In The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), J. D. Considine felt that, although it was "occasionally fascinating, the busily churning rhythms often seem oddly static, as if the band were laboriously treading water."
Track listing
Original LP
All tracks were composed by Miles Davis.
Record one - “Foot Fooler”
Record two - “Slickaphonics”
CD reissue
Personnel
Miles Davis – electric trumpet with wah-wah
Carlos Garnett - soprano and tenor saxophone
Cedric Lawson – electric piano, synthesizer
Reggie Lucas – electric guitar
Khalil Balakrishna – electric sitar
Michael Henderson – electric bass
Al Foster – drums
Badal Roy – tablas
James Mtume – percussion
References
Footnote
Bibliography
External links
"Miles Davis - In Concert - On Second Thought" by Stylus Magazine
Albums produced by Teo Macero
Miles Davis live albums
1973 live albums
Columbia Records live albums
|
70122774
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helju%20Rebane
|
Helju Rebane
|
Helju Rebane (born 18 July 1948) is an Estonian writer. She writes mainly prose and science fiction in the Estonian and Russian languages.
She was born in Tallinn. Her father was philosopher and her uncles were physicist and former president of the Academy of Sciences of the ESSR Karl Rebane, physicist , and mathematician . She graduated from Tartu State University Tartu with a degree in theoretical mathematics in 1971. From 1972 until 1973, she worked in the department of logic and psychology at the university. Later she studied logic at Moscow University. In Moscow, she was as a lecturer at the Institute of Management Problems of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the USSR from 1974 until 1980, and as a senior engineer at the Ministry of Health Computing Center from 1981 until 1983.
Rebane made her writing debut in the journal Looming in 1981 with the story Väike kohvik. In 1983 she won a prize in the story competition run by the literary journal Noorus.
Works
1986 story "Väike kohvik". Eesti Raamat, 110 pp
2011 "Город на Альтрусе: фантастическая повесть и рассказы". Воронеж, 2011. 207 pp
2017 "50 рассказов". Москва: Ridero, 288 pp
2017 "Кот в лабиринте: рассказы". Москва: Ridero, 207 pp
2021 story "Õige valik". Fantaasia, 181 pp
References
Living people
1948 births
20th-century Estonian women writers
21st-century Estonian women writers
Estonian women short story writers
Estonian science fiction writers
Estonian mathematicians
University of Tartu alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tartu
Writers from Tallinn
|
6089464
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradwell%20Bay%20Wilderness
|
Bradwell Bay Wilderness
|
The Bradwell Bay Wilderness is part of the United States National Wilderness Preservation System, located in the Florida panhandle adjacent to the Apalachicola National Forest. The 24,602 acre (100 km2) wilderness was established on 3 January 1975 by the Eastern Wilderness Act. "Bay" in this case means "a recess of land, partly surrounded by hills," which, in this particular instance, is mostly titi swamp and standing water. The Sopchoppy River marks the Bradwell Bay's eastern edge.
A section of the Florida Trail, which usually requires wading through swampy terrain, passes through the wilderness.
Flora
Titi trees, longleaf pines, loblolly pine and wire grass make up much of the swamp. The wilderness also contains a old-growth slash pine - swamp black gum swamp.
Fauna
White-tailed deer, black bears, and alligators are some of the animals that can be seen here.
References
External links
Bradwell Bay Wilderness at Wildernet
Bradwell Bay Wilderness - official site at Apalachicola National Forest
U.S. Geological Survey Map at the U.S. Geological Survey Map Website. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
Protected areas of Wakulla County, Florida
Wilderness areas of Florida
Apalachicola National Forest
Swamps of Florida
1975 establishments in Florida
Protected areas established in 1975
|
67266543
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochralea
|
Ochralea
|
Ochralea is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Galerucinae. It is distributed in the Oriental realm. The genus was formerly considered a synonym of Monolepta, until it was resurrected by Hazmi and Wagner in 2010, but the name is a permanently unavailable junior homonym of Ochralea Chevrolat, 1836 and will need to be replaced.
Species
The genus includes two species:
Ochralea nigripes (Olivier, 1808)
Ochralea wangkliana (Mohamedsaid, 2005)
References
Galerucinae
Chrysomelidae genera
|
6795601
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George-Daniel%20de%20Monfreid
|
George-Daniel de Monfreid
|
George-Daniel de Monfreid (14 March 1856 – 26 November 1929) was a French painter and art collector.
He was born at New York City, in the United States, but spent his childhood in the south of France. Early on he decided on a career in art, and enrolled at the Académie Julian, and formed friendships with Paul Gauguin, Verlaine and Aristide Maillol.
Initially his work was Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist, but his close association with Les Nabis group pushed his style in the direction of Gauguin.
He was also an art collector and a patron of the arts. Along with Gustave Fayet, he was one of the first collectors of the works of Gauguin at the time he was exiled in the Pacific. He was also one of the first biographers of Gauguin. He was also influenced by the cubism of Pablo Picasso late in his career.
He died in Corneilla-de-Conflent in 1929.
1856 births
1929 deaths
19th-century French painters
French male painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
Painters from New York City
Académie Julian alumni
19th-century French male artists
|
33217687
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Farlar%2C%20Gerger
|
Koşarlar, Gerger
|
Koşarlar () is a village in the Gerger District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dirêjan tribe and had a population of 193 in 2021.
The hamlets of Arıca and Bozatlı are attached to the village.
References
Villages in Gerger District
Kurdish settlements in Adıyaman Province
|
51302147
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28471325%29%202011%20KT19
|
(471325) 2011 KT19
|
, nicknamed Niku (), is a trans-Neptunian object whose orbit is tilted 110° with respect to the planets' orbital plane. Thus, it has a nearly polar retrograde orbit around the Sun.
While the object has not received a formal name, it received the moniker "Niku" (逆骨), meaning "rebellious" in the Chinese language, by its discoverers.
Details
was discovered by the Mount Lemmon Survey on 31 May 2011. Its rediscovery was announced in August 2016 by a team of astronomers using the Pan-STARRS telescope. It was soon linked with a supposed prograde centaur (; inclination = 38° and semi-major axis = 28 AU) that had been lost due to a short observation arc. is in a 7:9 resonance with Neptune. Currently it is the only object with a nearly polar orbit that is in resonance with a planet. Notably, it is part of a group of objects that orbit the Sun in a highly inclined orbit; the reasons for this unusual orbit are unknown as of August 2016.
The orbital characteristics of have been compared to those of (Drac). The orbits of , , , , , , appear to occupy a common plane, with three in prograde and three in retrograde orbits. The probability of this alignment occurring by chance is 0.016%. These orbits should leave a common plane in a few million years because the precession of prograde and retrograde orbits are in opposite directions. Simulations including the hypothetical Planet Nine did not maintain a common orbital plane and the plane does not coincide with the plane of the predicted high-inclination large semi-major axis objects of that model. Other simulations with a few Earth-mass dwarf planet on a high-inclination orbit also failed to reproduce the alignment.
References
External links
Trans-Neptunian objects
Centaurs (small Solar System bodies)
Damocloids
Discoveries by MLS
20110531
Minor planets with a retrograde orbit
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.