Dogs/house_and_pet_dogs_1890.md

HOUSE AND PET DOGS;

THEIR SELECTION, CARE AND TRAINING.

WITH PORTRAITS OF PRIZE WINNING SPECI- MENS OF ALL PRINCIPAL BREEDS.

12 8-7-60

A star-like symbol. Library of Congress Copyright SEP 1890 04

NEW YORK: FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO. 1890.  A black and white illustration of a mastiff dog with a large, dark hat on its head. The dog's body is turned away from the viewer, showing its back and hindquarters. It has a thick, muscular build and is wearing a collar around its neck. MASTIFF. W. K. TAYLORSON "BROADBEAT".  Copyright, 1905, by The Forest AND Stream Publishing Co.  219

THIS BOOK.

The purpose of this book is to supply hints and instruction concerning the care and management of house and pet dogs. What is here written is all the fruit of practical and extended experience with these classes of dogs. Several of the chapters have been written by a feminine pen, and will be especially valued by ladies. It is hoped that the intelligent study of these pages will lighten the lot of man's best friend by securing for him sensible treatment. If he shall follow the instructions here given, the reader who is so fortunate as to possess a fine dog will not fail of finding increased satisfaction and joy in that possession.  1  CONTENTS.

CHOICE OF A HOUSE DOG, - 0 CARE AND FEEDING, - 21 FEEDING PUPPIES, - 23 To Rid of Fleas, - 25 Exercise, - 26 TREATMENT FOR WORMS, - 32 A PORTABLE KENNEL, - 34 EXERCISE FOR A CHAFED DOG, - 35 TREATMENT FOR WET DOGS, - 37 CAVE OF DOGS IN SPRING, - 47 TREATMENT OF POISONING, - 44 TRAINING PET DOGS, - 51 TEACHING TO CHARGE, - 66 Traching to Charge, - 72 Following at Heel, - 75 Setting Off, - 76 Going to Bed, - 79 Teaching to Fetch, - 80 Other Accomplishments, - 84 Whipping Up, - 88 A WOMAN'S EXPERIENCE, - 88 Teaching Tricks, - 91 Some Useful Rules, - 93 TEACHING CANINE MANNERS, - 96 Obedience, - 98 DOGS AND FLOWER BEDS, - 99 Bull Riding, - 100 Food and Feeding, - 102 GOOD BEHAVIOR AND HAPPINESS, - 103 TRAINING COLLIES, - 108  PORTRAITS OF PRIZE DOGS.

Page

Mastiff—W. K. Taunton's "Beaufort,"	Feminae.
Smooth-Coated Terrier—Benned...	John Yoxg's "Watch,"	13
Rough-Coated St. Bernard—Miles A. H. Whitney's "Hermit,"		17
Deerhound—J. E. Thayer's "Wanda,"		23
Greyhound—"Mineral Water" and "Greenick," win...	and run-up Warbro Cup, 1854,	37
Greyhound—M. W. H. Herter's "Norwegian,"		33
Ponty—C. Heath's "Graphite,"
English Setter—E. L. Hardy's "Pollux,"		43
Irish Setter—Dr. William Jarvis's "Rose,"		47
French Bulldog—H. J. Ludlow's "Lilac,"		53
Cocker Spaniel—I. F. Willey's "Olo II.,"		57
Cubitel Spaniel—I. F. Willey's "Johnny" and "Drake,"		63
King Charles Spaniel—Mr. Foster's "Bend Ur,"		67
Harrier—F. Judson's "Little Duke,"		73
Dachshund-E. Hanbury's "Fritz" and "Diana,"		81
Collie-G. R. Krehl's "Eclipse,"		81
Foghole-W. C. Sanford's "Styx,"		83
Bull-Boxer-G. Raper's "Rustic" and "Rustic II.,"		87
Cocker Spaniel-I. F. Willey's "Grand Duke,"		87

Fox-Terrier-J. E. Thayer's "Richmond Olive,"		89
Scotch Terrier-H. J. Ludlow's "Allister,"		93
Dandie Dundee Terrier-W.R. Keel's "Crip,"		97
Black and Tan Terrier-Mrs. Hutton's "Wallace,"		101
Norfolk Terrier-Mrs. Foster's "Jinx,"		105
Vorkshire Terrier-Mrs. Foster's "Bradford Hero,"		109
Frog-City View Kennels—"Bradford Ruby."		113

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 Page 30  CHOICE OF A HOUSE DOG.

IF THERE were only two so-called "yaller dogs" in this country they would be worth $500 each, because they would be valued for their rarity and not for their worth. The demand for everything new is greater than the supply, and when the supply increases the demand falls off. It is so with dogs; certain kinds are fashionable or unfashionable, as is furniture, dress, or anything that is bought and sold. Mr. Ellwanger, in his delightful book, "The Garden's Story," says, "To think it has taken all these years to render a daffodil 'fashionable!' As if a live flower were a ribbon, subject to the caprice of a milliner! Yet what may we not expect when lovely woman stoops to blend her tresses, and vandal florists figuratively plunge a flower into the dye pot?" Now, it seems just as absurd that dogs should be "fashion-  10 House and Pet Dogs.

able" or "unpopular"—and that one should hear "fox-terriers are the rage now," "pugs have gone out." "Puggie dear" is now neither worse nor bet- ter than it was ten years ago. Fossie's day will pass, and he will give place to the Roman dog, the Chi- hauhua dog, or something else. It is owing to no true merit of his own that a certain breed of dog is popular; it is the indefinable something, and like the professional beauty, he is in favor everywhere, until there is a verification of the old adage "Give a dog a bad name and you hang him." A great deal of this is brought about by dealers and breeders who, when they find that any one kind are becoming too numer- ous to bring enough money to suit them, will import and boom some new sort. To do this they make the most of, or invent, some story or trait to his disad- vantage; which, if true, has been well concealed in the beginning of his career. The most plausible and easily believed is that "he is treacherous," mean- ing that he will bite his master or some person he is supposed to have an affection for. That was put on the Newfoundland when certain parties wished to bring up the St. Bernard. Now it is beginning to be said of the mastiff, who was "all the go" a year since. Now we wonder if the dog never thinks his master is treacherous? We knew an intellectual  Choice of a House Dog. 11

woman, who had a fine sensitive dog; there were times when caresses and all the pet names in the vocabulary were showered upon him; at others when she was busy writing or reading, thinking himself long enough neglected, he would place his head on her knee, or his nose under her hand for a caress; she, vexed with the interruption, would knock him with the book, saying, "Go away." Now, was not that treachery?

Last spring while in London we read an inquiry in an English sporting paper, why Newfoundland dogs were so little known in America? We have answered it, although we disbelieve in their treachery, but they are rather too large to come under the head of house dogs. Mastiffs are often made indoor dogs in the country; they have the advantage of short hair, but are too big--great cumbersome things, becoming very fat, stupid and pigged-looking; and having such a mass of animal flesh in a room, especially in summer time, makes an unpleasant atmosphere. We recall a delicate little boudoir of a room in a certain country home, with a pretty woman in it--everything in accord save a huge mastiff stretched out and snoring audibly.

In Paris it is considered that there are three classes of dogs--the Caniche, the chien (dog), and  House and Pet Dogs.

The aller-roue (or go-away). The latter is a cur, or the wail of a good family adopted by some poor person. We have a word to say in favor of the mongrel. He learns to perform tricks more easily than any other sort, save the Caniche or French poodle. Udev, a thoroughbred cur of our acquaint- ance, can do creditably twelve tricks, and we know others as smart as she is. M. Camiche is a veritable dame among dogs with his shaving and his curls— ribbons on his neck, perhaps a bracelet on one leg, ridiculous—but he did not make himself look so. An unshaved poodle is a fright, and before he is established on this side, dog barbers will have to be set up as in Paris. So clever is he, learning so much, understanding almost everything that is said to him, he makes a fine house dog in a city home. The Russian poodle is larger, with longer curls, rather more intelligent, black, and much more rare. There is a spaniel from Chesapeake Bay; brown, with tight, though smaller curls, that we wish were known as a pet. His value as a bird dog is established; he could be made almost as smart as a poodle, but his home must be where there is water near enough to give him frequent swims so as to retain his health and looks. The cocker spaniel and all the spaniel tribe make satisfactory house pets; their long soft

12  A black and white illustration of a large, muscular dog with a short, smooth coat standing on all fours. SMOOTH-COATED ST. BERNARD. JOHN POAG'S "WATCH."  14 House and Pet Dogs.

cars, pretty paws, and engaging ways all recommend them as such, provided there are means to give the larger sorts (larger than the Blechhams and King Charles) a good swim, for Spanish, like ducks, must go into the water. No dog "makes up" so prettily as a small spaniel; ribbons become him, there is an air of Van Dyke pictures and Queen Henrietta Maria associated with him when seen with his mis- tress in a city drawing-room, or driving beside her on bright-colored emblems.

If one looks at the selection of a dog from an aesthetic point of view—and why not—he should be chosen to accord with or to make a harmony with his owner, such as a tall and graceful man or woman accompanied by a greyhound. They would have their surroundings to correspond with themselves. Put that greyhound beside a fat and stumpy person, and any one would note the discord. A greyhound has the advantage of short hair; he is below the average of intelligence, not a good watcher, the smaller ones delicate and very chilly. Again, see a young man in a white flannel suit, with brown shoes, etc., with a brindle and white terrier—there is a picture all made. The fox-terrier is fashionable, and for a city house dog very good. In England his value is increased as the number of dark spots  Choice of a House Dog. 15

diminish. They are the most mischievous of pup- pies, so if a young one is bought, expensive as they are, in the course of a short time he will destroy to the value of his price. We have had such an ex- perience; whipping, nothing would do, until at last he killed a favorite canary through the bars of the cage, then he was exiled. When grown he became a satisfactory little dog. The bull-terrier puppy of fine breed is more easily trained than most other sorts; he learns obedience and good manners easily (if you are firm), is bright, amusing, he need not be made cross, and if kept where there are no other dogs to pick a quarrel with when grown will be gentle and affectionate to his human friends, and an excellent watch. All white is considered the color. We have seen entirely brindled ones that we thought handsome. Darwin says that all quite white animals are deaf. We have noted it is almost all white cats and dogs.

Of the larger sorts the setter is often a house dog; even in cities, but it is cruel to keep one of his size, and who requires so much exercise, imprisoned in streets and made to breathe the close atmosphere of a city house. Doing so subjects him to many dis- eases and much hardship. As a bird dog he is valued because his long hair keeps him from being  16 House and Pet Dogs.

scratched in bushes and thorns. That hair also gets full of hairs and hayseed, fuller yet of fleas. There are various sorts and all prices, but in getting one for a pet, one that has not "a good nose" is desir- able, because as not needed for shooting with, he is less likely to go after game of himself. All bird dogs are desirable to keep where there are children, because they are not snappish; besides, their mouths and teeth are formed to carry game without mangling, thus do not make as sharp a bite as those pos- sessed of sharp teeth and a pointed snout. We have seen a bird dog suffer a great deal from a child's teasing, still retain his good humor. A pointer is our favorite among dogs for a boy's companion in a country house. They have intelligence, a gentle disposition, not boisterous ways; they will watch over and play with a child; in a word be made an ideal dog; they do not take to strangers, which is a good trait, and make the best of watchers; their ears and their nose being so quick to hear and smell they detect the approach of a person before any one else will. We have seen one start up and bark when the wind blew the scent of some one toward him, who was concealed from sight by bushes in the night, and whose footsteps were muffled on the grass. Those with the most white are desired by sportsmen, beir 4  A black and white illustration of a dog, likely a St. Bernard, with its head resting on a rock. The dog's body is partially obscured by the rock. The text "ROUGH-COATED ST. BERNARD" is written at the top left corner of the image.

Mrs A. H. Whitney's "Hector" and Pug "Trailer."  18 House and Pet Dogs.

easily seen at a distance, and bring a much higher price than dark ones, but dark-colored ones are much handsomer.

The collie is a beautiful animal, very graceful, beautifully shaded if brown, very valuable in many ways, and very good for a boy to romp with. It is hard to say if any of it so attractive that he is not desirable. It is their nature to drive animals, so they cannot be broken by chasing horses and carriages, which is such a dangerous practice as to keep the owner in constant dread that there will be an accident, or to bring him into trouble with his neighbor; they also are snappy, not for badness but in play, usually biting at the feet or pulling the dress for a frolic, or in their glances to see you. The collie's place is at the barn, where he will drive the cows to and from the pasture every day, or stay around watching the men at their work, with one eye on the safety of the stable, but not on the piazza while the pony phaeton and the village cart are bringing young ladies to call on his mistress.

The Spitz is of the past—but one can remember how extremely popular he once was; then came the hine and cry (principally raised by certain New York papers) "Down with the Spitz," "rabies:" "an other victim;" and all that sort of talk. We never  Choice of a House Dog. 19

believed so much bad of him. If he had been shorn of his long hair in summer and kept cool, he would have remained as sane as any other dog; certainly he had a peculiar disposition, and one it was not worth while to encourage with so many idiosyncrasies. In those days we had a friend who brought a Spitz, or rather a Pomeranian, dog from the other side. The first time we saw him he barked most furiously, keeping it up (enough to frighten most people) until his mistress came into the parlor, greeting us very cordially. Then he sat on the floor opposite to us, gazing steadily at us for some while, after which he jumped on the sofa, put his paw on our shoulder and wanted to lick our cheek. Ever after we were the best of friends. After a while the mistress died. We did not then visit the house for many months, on which occasion the dog greeted us with enthusiasm, seating himself quietly by our side. We remained to dinner; upon that he left his place by his master to sit by us. During his mistress' life he had barely tolerated his master, but after her death he was devoted to him until he married again, when the Spitz became so cross to the new wife he had to be sent away. We relate this to show the peculiar disposition of the Spitz—jealous, attaching himself to one person and disliking others.  20 House and Pet Dogs.

Every one who knows Rome recalls the pretty little Roman dog. The Chihuahua dog from Mexico is equally bright and nice. There are very few of them in New York. Would there were more; for, besides being very desirable as a small one, their being natives of a warm climate makes both them and the Roman well suited to keep in health during the summer heat of America.  CARE AND FEEDING.

I T IS very hard to have to "pay premiums to experience," but in the lives of all of us such is often the case, especially in the bringing up or treatment of animals.

Who has not lost a horse, cow or dog through want of knowledge, perhaps sending for the veterinarian when the animal was beyond his skill? The books on dogs' diseases are so full of disorders that to look them over a novice would fear to accept the responsibility of keeping a dog, deeming him liable to get every ailment human flesh is subject to besides those of his own, and being dumb, harder to treat. The novice need not hesitate, however, the great thing is to keep him well, and to do so, diet, cleanliness and exercise are all that are needful.

There is an absurd notion in this country that a plain diet must be a sign of poverty. On once con-  22

House and Pet Dogs.

gratulating a gardener's wife upon the rosy, healthy condition of her children, she said, "Yes, sir, they are always well; I keep them upon porridge and potatoes; not that I cannot afford pies and cookies as well as Mrs. O'Leary, who gives hers freedom of the same, and of the melon patch, and they do forever be ailing."

We know a Mrs. Million, one of whose aims in life is to let her world know how extravagant she is. Calling on her one afternoon, we spoke of a little dog we had seen out with her. "Yes," she said, "I got him from Mr. ---, the celebrated dealer in England, giving a lot of money for him." The vet says he is a most rare dog (he is there now, as he is dreadfully ill). It seems the servants have been giving him woodcock---just fancy, we found a whole one in his basket, no doubt they were a little too gamy." We knew she said this to demonstrate that woodcock were as plentiful in her house as beefsteaks were in mine. Be it as it may, the dog died; and it seemed a pity that a valuable and rare dog should be sacrificed to the ostentation of a silly woman. Now, we hope that none of our readers are equally foolish about their dogs, realizing that an unhealthy one is like everything else with a flaw—not worth much.  A black and white illustration of a standing deerhound. DEERHOUND. J. E. THAYERS "WANDA."  74 House and Pet Dogs.

FEEDING PUPPIES. To commence with the feeding of a puppy, he should be given dry bread, and buttermilk if you have it; if not, boiled milk, or rather scalded milk. If the scalded milk is found to be consisting, add some oatmeal porridge to thicken it. When he is cutting his teeth, crumbles of toast, or a cracker, or crusts of stale bread are needed. Not a care to eat the outside slice of a loaf, so that may be made stale, hard, and broken up for the little dog. Dry cornbread is very nice. If there are several to feed, get old rolls or loaves from the baker. You will find how extremely fond all old dogs are of hard crusts. A young one, if given too many at once, will carry them off to bury them, and bring them out on another day. The English breeders say that the American-bred dogs are so much fed on "slops," meaning mush and soft food, that their jaws and teeth are not as firm and strong as they should be. "Give my dog a bone." There are bones and bones—never give a poultry bone—it splinters up and may stick in the throat, causing strangulation. A big leg-of-mutton bone, or a beefsteak bone, will occupy a juvenile for hours sucking out the marrow. Some smaller beef and chop bones do not digest  Care and Feeding 25

well, as they are crushed up, swallowed, and after a time will be thrown up; and there may ensue a chronic weakness of the stomach, so that good food will not stay down. Cutting teeth on bones sometimes makes the edges chip off. Dog cake is much used as hard food. A good clean dog will be mortified at destroying the tidiness of the house by throwing up his food; such a dog should not be punished for it. You must not give the odds and ends left after dinner to the canine favorite as if he were a pig, for a mixture or a variety of food at one time does not do; besides, there would be some things, such as tomatoes in a stew or cheese in macaroni, that decidedly disagree with him. One of the premiums we paid to experience was a beautiful collie puppy, who was kept at the stable, and his diet not watched as it should have been. We noticed under the trees a number of pears with bites taken out. We wondered, and asked what person did it. The gardener (who was an Englishman) said, "Hits Dundee, mem, as heats the pears, I seed 'im hat hit." We thought nothing of it; but the pears continued to drop and be bitten until the dog was very ill. We could not pour the medicine (which he would not take) down his throat for fear of being bitten, so the "Donnie Dundee" died.  30

Howe and Pet Dogs

The régime for the day should be breakfast of porridge made of oatmeal, cornmeal or hominy, with or without milk, a small canner full for a puppy; evening meal a few pieces of meat, if he eats six months, for adults. A growing brown dog should have very little meat, and only once a day; the dinner should be later than the breakfast as an early meal is a great assistance to the habit of being "house broke." This should be varied by vegetables every few days for grown-up dogs. A hound or greyhounds cabbage, but never give cabbage. Puppies are too fattening; carrots and beets nicely pre pared should be fed in summer, being good for the blood; dogs usually like them, and are also fond of pumpkin, which has no special merit. A small quantity of vegetables may be mixed with the meat, and if the dog leaves it at first, teach him to like it by feeding with the fingers. At the same time neat ness in eating may be taught so as not to soil the carpet by dragging pieces off the plate. We had a large dog who learned to eat off a fork, and drink out of a spoon without spilling.

A piece of sulphur kept in the pail of water is of no use whatever, save to give it a nasty taste; an animal appreciates a drink of cool, fresh water as much as a person does. Sulphur should be given  A black and white illustration of a man being attacked by a large dog. The man is on his knees, with his arms outstretched, and appears to be in distress. The dog is standing over him, with its front paws on the ground and its back legs raised. GRYTHOLMS. "Mineral Waters" and "Collectors," Windsor and Richmond Waterlow C.P. 1894.

15  28 House and Pet Dogs.

about once a fortnight in summer; for a grown one a level teaspoonful of flower of sulphur smoothly mixed in milk before breakfast. A friend who had recently "set up" a terrier came to us at a great fright, saying that he had eaten the tips off a lot of parlor matches; on inquiry we found he had been stuffed with meat and nothing else. Was it not a remarkable case of instinct that led him to discover the sulphur matches and make a medicine of them? Sweet things, and above all sugar, loosen a dog's teeth, and injures the gums, which may be proved by the number of "natter" pets one sees with only a few crooked teeth in their mouths.

TO RID OF FLEAS.

We did not intend to discuss fleas, as we fancied every one knew how to dispose of them. Picking and combing will not get rid of them, unless the dog is also powdered and washed. Get the Dalmatian powder, fresh, and put it on the back along the spine, working from tail to head, using the arrange- ment provided for blowing it on. He should be washed once a week in summer with carbolic soap suds, rinsed and dried very dry with a large burlap towel, then tie him so that he will not roll on the grass while damp. It improves a white dog's color  Care and Feeding. 29

to put a little bluing in the water. Never put him in a tub, it should always be a sponge bath, and is best given in the stable or laundry. For any symptom of skin disease tar soap or sulphur soap should be used, Peas' soap when he becomes dirty or dusty between the regular wash days. A dog likes to be clean, and when washed will jump around as he feels so nicely, and seemingly to show his improved condition to the family.

EXERCISE. Eczema (skin disease) is not difficult to manage if you live in the country; but in a city it may become a tax to go out walking to exercise a dog after the novelty has worn off, but it must be done, and he must run as well as walk. Want of exercise and fresh air means a poor digestion, bad breath and skin disease. The mange may not make its appearance, but the hair will look dry like an old door mat, and if long will come out in spots as if moth-eaten.

In a city house throw his ball down-stairs again and again, and make him fetch it each time; invent some game to keep him in rapid motion and set his sluggish blood going. If there are two it is a nice chance to teach them to respect each other's rights, by throwing the ball or stick, saying "Tottie," "now  30 House and Pet Dogs.

Leo," and do not let Leo pick it up when you say Totte, and rice versa. It is also well to pursue the same plan of calling their names when feeding, as it prevents grabbing each other's food and snarling over it.

TREATMENT FOR WORMS

One of the ailments common to dogs is worms—a disagreeable subject, but one that cannot be avoided, and the owner must keep it in mind and be on the lookout. One of the signs is a voracious appetite and keeping thin. Give the puppy daily all the thick sour milk he will eat. Do not stuff him with mush and then offer him the sour milk, but mix the two, or better still, give the thick milk alone before his regular breakfast. Worms will appear long enough for the longest Latin name that scientific minds can invent, but there is no occasion to worry, and above all things do not give any drugs.

There will be days when the puppy will eat little, or perhaps decline to eat at all. Man is said to be the only animal which does not know enough to refrain from eating when sick, even the hog being his superior in that respect. At such times, do not tempt the puppy with meat. Let him alone; he will come back to his mush when he ought to eat anything.  Care and Feeding: 35

There is much to be dreaded from distemper— which is the illness of puppies. For this and other reasons, it is best not to get a puppy under six months old. They rarely have it in the winter, thus the autumn is the safest season to get a young dog, because by spring he will be a year old and go through the second summer's heat nicely. The dis- temper prevails the worst in kennels where many dogs are kept and boarded. If one comes to his home perfectly well, by observing the laws of health he will either remain perfectly well or have it lightly. Damp grass is a source of some troubles, neither an old nor a young dog should be permitted to lie around on grass after heavy rains. Even if he is a house dog it is a good plan for a yearling to have a kennel near the front door full of clean straw, and to be fastened in to for a while each day, to have fresh air instead of roaming around alone. Some bird dogs, especially pointers, have sensitive lungs, and in severe or snowy weather want comfort and care and not too much romping in snowdrifts. We had one which had consumption and a cough, so he was sent to the South for a genial winter climate, where he lived until quite old. That pointer was greatly valued by his master as a field dog, and he was loved as the children's playmate.  House and Pet Digs.

A PORTABLE KENNEL

At first sight it does not seem as if the kenneling of a single dog should be worth mentioning, and we suppose it is not to those worthies who stable their dogs with their horses, or cramp them in an old sugar hogshead, but if we can provide a kennel which combines cleanliness, comfort and easy locomotive qualities at the same time and with little expense, why not adopt it? The best device is an ordinary single kennel forty-eight inches by thirty-three inches, with an A roof, but with a detached bottom of the same size as the outside ground measurement of the kennel. This bottom is hinged by two stout strap iron hinges to the side of the kennel, and is provided with two wooden axles, to which are fitted four wooden wheels, say four inches in diameter. When closed it looks like any other kennel on wheels. It can be easily moved by one person from damp spots, etc., and by turning the kennel back upon its hinges the bedding can be daily smudged and aired, and the kennel washed and purified without trouble. The wheels also serve to keep the bottom clear of the ground, and allow of a free circulation of air beneath.

Tarred paper, such as is used in buildings, one or two thicknesses on the floor, under the bedding,  GREAT DANE. MISS R. HERBERT'S "Norseman."  34 House and Pet Dogs.

makes protection against dampness and against ver- min as well. The lower or box part might be an iron casting.

EXERCISE FOR A CHAINED DOG. The following plan for chaining up dogs works well, and by it the animal tied has more liberty than if confined in the usual manner. Make a sort of turnstile, only with two arms instead of four, and tie the dog to one of the arms. Set a stout post into the ground, standing out about four feet. Round off the top of the post dome-shaped, and bore down into the center a hole to receive, without splitting, a half-inch bolt. On top of the post place crosswise, so that it will about balance, a pole or piece of scant- ling about fourteen feet in length. The pole or crosspiece to be held in place by a half-inch bolt passing through a hole in the middle, and driven into the hole bored to receive it in the top of the post. The hole in the crosspiece needs to be a little larger in diameter than the bolt, so that the cross- piece can easily revolve. The bolt should fit tightly the hole in top of the post, and should have a large, flat head to prevent the crosspiece working up and slipping off. Put iron washers on the bolt between the top of post and crosspiece, and between the  Care and Feeding. 35

crosspiece and head of bolt, Have the bolt long enough to go well down into the post, or it will in time work loose, and the crosspiece jump off. Bore a hole in one end of crosspiece to pass the end of the dog's chain through, and put a portable kennel anywhere inside the circle passed over by the arms. A dog tied in this way can have a good gallop in a circle.

Another plan is to stretch a wire from post to post, or along a fence, or the side of a house or barn, and attach the chain by a ring which will slide along the wire so that the dog can run back and forth.

TREATMENT OF SICK PET DOGS

"In the canine world the lines of a pet dog usually fall in pleasant places. He is indulged (not always wisely) beyond his fellows and, being in the majority of instances under the protection of a lady, he may be looked upon as an exceptionally lucky dog. No expense is spared, no time or trouble grudged to make his short life pleasant, and in the hour of sickness care and attention as that bestowed on a human member of the family (possibly more) is freely and affectionately exercised. Unfortunately, however, cases occur in which the removal of the patient to  36 House and Pet Dogs.

another sphere becomes necessary, and it is under such circumstances the remarks I have to make are based. Firstly, then, the treatment of a pet dog thus removed should be a direct observance, so far as possible, to his usual comforts. A kennel to a drawing room dog is as a cell to a human being under similar conditions, and the approach of an ordinary kennel attendant as that of a jailer. All indoor pet dogs should be received indoors and not be stacked away in the kennel above kennel or mangerage style, in close proximity to dogs of all degree, and tortured or excited by their continual snarls, yelpings, or whines. Secondly, to treat a pet dog real affection for the species is necessary; assumed affection will not answer. No animal so readily detects and appreciates kindness in man as the dog, or as quickly discovers his assumed affection. A piece of sugar to a spoiled child is not the bait to quiet and assure a timid and sensitive dog. The clean scalped or cushion on the day of visiting will not alone for the lack of improvement in health, or diminish the wild delight of the patient on seeing his mistress. Thirdly, a tender-hearted dog requires tender handling, and doubly so when invalided; a caressed dog in- vites cursing and, under pain, soothing words and gentle treatment are more appreciated than perhaps  A black and white illustration of a dog running through a field. The dog has a long tail and is wearing a collar. The background shows a grassy field with some trees and bushes. POINTER. C. HENRY "GARNEE."  38

House and Pet Dogs

any measures the attendant can adopt. Finally, to go thoroughly into the treatment of pet dogs, the at- tendant must go thoroughly into the usual home life of the animal, its disposition and peculiarities, and enter into the feelings of its owner. Everything must be ascertained that is likely to add to its com- fort or discomfort, its pain or alleviation, and no one but a genuine dog lover can do this. The same argument will apply to the nurse; indeed, I may reiterate what I have observed on the subject of nursing in my work on The Management of Dogs. That in human, so in canine practice, good nursing is one of the greatest helps the medi- cal attendant can have; indeed, it may almost be said to be indispensable in the treatment of disease. Warmth, comfort, cleanliness, pure air, good food and water, regularity of the administration of medi- cine where it has to be given, kindness, watchfulness in the progress or abatement of certain symptoms, are all matters requiring the supervision of the nurse. In short, the health of the patient is in the majority of cases quite as much in the hands of the nurse as the professional attendant, and the fault so often, in all classes of practice, attached to the med- ical treatment, would generally be more correctly placed to the lack of attention on the part of those  Care and Feeding. 39

on whom the general care of the patient devolves. It is always, therefore, advisable to let the latter know the full extent of his or her responsibility; and that though the charge is, as they may express it, 'but a dog,' it is ended with imagination, instincts and thought; has a language of its own, is sensible of neglect, harshness, yes, even cross looks on the part of those ministering to it, and to a degree rarely exhibited in other of the lower animals. The two then—the practitioner and nurse—acting in combination, and working to the same end, if they do not reap the desired reward of their labours, have at least the satisfaction of knowing they did their best for the patient under their care.' Science without feeling, nursing without interest, are both applied, for 'An hour of pleasure is long before a day of pleasur;' and 'As acute word cuts deeper than sharp weapon; while 'Kindness is the noblest weapon to conquer with.' Three good old proverbs that may fully adorn the infirmary of all genuine canine practitioners, and which are especially applicable to the conclusion of these remarks.'—PROFESSOR J. WOOD- RUFFE HILL.

Rheumatism in the dog, says an English writer, assumes several forms; it occurs in the region of the loins, and so represents lumbago in man. It  40 House and Pet Dogs.

affects the joints, as it does in the human subject, and a characteristic form is common to sporting dogs, and is known as kennel lameness, which is apparently due to rheumatism in the subscapular muscles, arising from exposure to cold and damp in kennels. Vonat suggests that the disease may be associated with sprain, which is not unlikely, as a rheumatic tendency is certain to exhibit itself most prominently in a damaged limb, as sufferers from the affection know too well. One chief cause of kennel lameness is exposure to damp, and the correction is the proper arrangement of the beds sufficiently above the floor. To lie high and dry is a maxim which is based on sound princi- ples and sustained by successful practice. Causes of rheumatism are in dogs and men about the same. First, the particular habit of body must exist, and this is most probably the outcome of defective or perverted nutrition. Rheumatism is allied to goit, and both seem to be associated with digestive errors, which aid in the formation of acid products. Uric acid is the special agent in goit, and lactic acid may perhaps play the most important part in the rheu- matic state. Mayhew's view, that rheumatism is one of the diseases due to high living, is not at all far- fetched, as an indulgence in flesh food it exactly  Care and Feeding. 41

what might be expected to cause the formation of such secondary organic products as uric acids and its salts.

Symptoms of rheumatism in dogs are not unlike those which are observed in rheumatic men, save that in dogs the intestines are almost invariably affected, and constipation, with swelling and heat of the belly, are present in nearly all cases.

In the form which is allied to lumbago of man, the dog is still in his movements and prefers to remain still, with the back arched. Pressure to the loins causes extreme pain, which the animal expresses by his cries. In bad cases the use of the hind extremities is quite lost, and this condition is designated by Youatt by the term "palsy"; and Blaine evidently recognizes the same state when he speaks of para-lysis in the hind extremities. Acute rheumatism of the dog is accompanied with fever, increased breathing, quick pulse, and rise of internal temperature; the signs of rheumatic fever. In the chronic form the symptoms are less marked, but in any case it is admitted, by old and modern writers, that a dog which had once suffered from rheumatism is always likely to have another attack if he is exposed to cold and damp. In the treatment of rheumatism there is a difference to be observed in regard to internal remedies.  42

House and Pet Dogs.

The remedies which are in common use in the treatment of rheumatism in man are salicylic acid, or, more often now, the salicylate of soda, iodide of potassium, and the carbonate or bicarbonate of potash, on which some practitioners pin their faith. Doses of these agents will vary according to the age and size of the dog, and the range is therefore likely to be considerable, varying from one grain to ten of the iodide of potassium or salicylate of soda, and from five to twenty grains of the bicarbonate of potash. Besides medical treatment, the diet must be regulated, avoiding flesh for a time and substituting vegetables. Protection from cold and wet is absolutely essential, and this is particularly to be observed in regard to the sleeping accommodation. Nothing is gained by keeping a dog dry and warm all day and turning it into a damp kennel at night.

CARE OF DOGS IN SPRING.

Dog owners are often distressed and mortified in the spring of the year at seeing their dogs evincing the very bad taste of eating carrion, and often rolling in it and thereby making themselves extremely offensive. The true reason why dogs show this disposition may not be generally known. In the spring they, like all other animals, feel the need of a purga-  ENGLISH SETTER. E. E. Hardy's "Polly."  44 House and Pet Dogs.

tive. Decomposing animal matter serves as a ca- thartic. It is very easily digested, and carnivorous animals in their wild state often bury portions of their food so that it may be partially decomposed, because the process of decomposition is really a cooking process, and cooking food, as a rule, makes it tenderer, as every one knows. Again, in the pro- cess of decomposition of animal matter, sulphurated hydrogen—the gas that makes the odor of bad eggs so offensive—is largely given off. The sulphur in this attenuated form is the active principle that makes decaying meat so powerfully cathartic. This is to a great extent what the dogs are craving. Now for the remedy. Give dogs indut that has been cooked, and also give them some sulphur on it. The sulphur can be put in the meat so that they will not hesitate to eat it.

TREATMENT OF POISONING. Believing that a brief reference to some of the more common and popularly known poisons from which dogs are most likely to suffer, and their anti- dates, may be of use to our readers, we quote as fol- lows from Mr. Dalziel's excellent little book on "The Diseases of Dogs": Perhaps some of our domestic animals are so liable  Care and Feeding. 45

to suffer from the effects of poisonous substances as the dog; his restless and inquisitive nature, and that inverterate habit of routing into every accessible hole and corner, lays him open to it; while the sporting dog, on duty in places where imprudentlike prac- tices prevail, is exposed to special danger. Dog- poisoning is either the result of design—where some envyful or malicious and cowardly motive is the per- petrator—or it is the result of the ignorance of per- sons administering to the animal drugs of the nature and action of which they are ignorant; or from acci- dent, which, properly interpreted, in most cases means culpable negligence on the part of those having to use poisonous substances for the destruc- tion of vermin or other purposes.

Against the malicious poisoner it is difficult to provide; being rarely forewarned we cannot be fore- armed, and against accidental poisoning much can be done by using reasonable care when it is neces- sary to use poison. The following will cover the great majority of cases: Arsenic, corrosive subli- mate, phosphorus, strychine, cantharides, carbolic acid, and what of late has caused serious trouble, Paris green. As a general rule, for distinguishing between the evidence of poisoning and the symp- toms of disease, the suddenness of the attack must  46 Horse and Pet Dogs

weigh largely; and by tracing where the dog has been, and what he has or is likely to have picked up, a pretty accurate conclusion may be arrived at.

The first step to be taken in most cases is to freely empty the stomach by means of emetics, as tartar emetic, sulphate of zinc, mercurocanthine zinc, or, if none of these are at hand, by drenching with inke- warm water, and afterward giving the antidotes in- dicated, if procurable; but, under any circumstances, give demulcents, such as boiled flour and milk, starch, gruel, milk and eggs beaten up, olive oil, etc., in considerable quantities. A dose of castor oil may also be given, and, if the dog suffer much pain, a dose of opium or Laudanum every three hours. Where great depression and weakness follow, stimu- lants (as ether, wine, whisky, brandy) should be given in small quantities at frequent intervals.

Asexu. - Symptoms. Great heat and pain in the stomach and bowels, sometimes accompanied with swelling; the belly being very tender to the touch; great thirst; frequent vomiting and retching; more or less discharges of frothy saliva; frequent evacua- tions of fluid; dark-coloured matter often marked with blood. The animal soon loses muscular power, to a great extent showing an indisposition to move; the tongue, lips, etc., become red and swollen, and the  IRISH RUTER. Dr. William Jervis's "Home."  48 House and Pet Dogs.

breathing more and more labored and painful. An itides: Ferrugo, or hydrated sesquioxide of iron, twelve parts of which combine with one of arsenic, forming an insoluble compound; also eight magnesia, which will remove one twenty-fifth its weight of arsenic from its solution in water.

STYCHINUS. — Symptoms: Severe, acute pain, mak- ing the dog utter sharp cries; frequent twitchings and jerkings of the head and limbs, the fore and hindlegs are drawn toward each other, and the back is arched; the fits of cramp and twitching are inter- mittent, but are really brought on by a touch or even sudden noise; foaming at the mouth is also a frequent symptom. Antidote: An emetic, which should immediately be given, and afterword butter, lard or other fat in considerable quantities

Phosphorus. — Antidote: Calcined magnesia, with diluents and demulcents given in quantity.

CANTHARIDES. — Frequently given by ignorant men for purposes, which are deceitful, which pro- duce dangerous results, causing inflammation of the urinary organs. Symptoms: Viscid thirst; copi- ous discharge of bloody mucus from the stomach, mixed with which may be seen the shining green par- ticles of the flies. There is great pain in the loins, swelling and inflammation of the genital organs, pain  Care and Feeding. 49

in the bowels and bloody stools and urine. Antidotes: An emetic should at once be given, and the dog should afterward be drenched with demulcents (such as oil), and a dose of opium given every three or four hours.

CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE is used for a variety of purposes about farms. It is also used for destroying vermin. Symptoms: Violent vomiting and purging of stringy and offensive matter; the belly distended and painful to the touch; the urine suppressed; cramp and twitches in the limbs; and frequently paralysis ensues. Antidotes: Tartar emetic as an emetic; white of eggs, followed immediately by infusions of gall; milk or gluten of wheat. Of the chemical antidotes, the albumen of eggs is by far the best; the white of one egg is sufficient to neutralize or render insoluble four grains of solid bichloride of mercury.

CARBOIC ACID.--This produces baneful effects by being taken through the pores of the skin when too freely used. It causes great prostration with trembling of the whole frame. Symptoms: Extraordinary depression of the vital powers; there is general shivering and almost constant trembling of the limbs, and a pained motion of the head; bleeding at the nose is a frequent symptom, and the dis-  9

Hindu and Pit Dogs

changes from the brands are associated mainly with blood. The confirmation of the verdict is express- ed by a sound high-pitched panting state.

Pit Dogs. The product of copper exten- sion used for distorting the point long. Argy This is a Book. Suffix is by virtue possessing

Copper sufficiently phosphorus and strechimine are added to the composition of paste and powder, largely soluble in the destruction of venom, and it is when so as being placed on bread and bitten bits of meat, which they are most likely to be packed up by the dog.  TRAINING PET DOGS.

THERE is nothing which adds so much to the pleasure and pride one feels in owning a good dog, as to know that besides being affectionate and handsome, he is intelligent. Moreover, there is no surer passport to general favor for a dog than the display of such intelligence. Most people dislike dogs for no better reason than that they know nothing of dog nature, but these same people display the greatest astonishment and interest when they see a dog that can do anything unusual. One that will-mind, or that will lie down or go to his place when told to, strikes them as being something entirely unusual. They are likely to say, "I do not like dogs usually, but yours seems remarkably intelligent." If the dog can perform a few simple tricks, the interest and wonder of such persons is still further heightened.  59 House and Pet Dogs.

Success in training pet dogs depends almost altogether on the judgment, discretion and patience of their teachers. We know of no more intelligent remarks on this subject than those found in the chapter entitled "Ladies' Pet Dogs," printed in Mr. S. T. Hammond's excellent work on the education of the dog, entitled "Training vs. Breaking," which by permission we reproduce here:

"The special education of house dogs falls within the scope of this book. An animal which has received some training is certain to be vastly more interesting than one which is nothing more than a lap dog. Such an animal may be made useful in many ways, and from the fact that it does not have to be continually looked after, causes much less trouble than one which has been taught nothing."

"No intelligent person who has carefully perused the earlier chapters of this book will have failed to observe that the essentials to success in teaching a dog are kindness, patience and firmness. In the case of pet dogs, which are to receive their education at the hands of women, the order of these essentials may be reversed, and we may speak of them as firmness, patience and kindness. There is little danger that a lady will be unnecessarily severe with her pet, and so it is not worth while to recommend  FIELD SPANIEL. FIELD SPANIEL. Oldham & Willey's "Glencairn."  Not to make this one so complicated. There is however some possibilities that going to be complicate, but I believe any by possibility referring to other areas will be possible in his movies and action. In the amount of cast, I agree with the thought that we can get a system which is still available for the movie. This is a serious matter, and we should be qualified against anybody passing way. It would be very critical, and all of those who remember the things which we are concerning to make plan.

When going through movies like this material, it is obvious worth noting that mark that they do not by almost understand the English language. It is quite astonishing how many people give commands to a movie thing, and after repeating it several times because they cannot hear it clearly received. From this point this is not only take the trouble, but also the most important part of the movie which should proceed to be followed by some act of his or her own choice and know what are among these commands properly. A very careful is required to understand things, as he or she must consider well just the sound of the word of which we com- municate.  Training Pet Dogs. 55

"Sir John Lubbock is said to have taught his dog to read; and, while this is of course not literally true, his experiments are so interesting, and show so well what may be done in the education of this animal, that we give them below. In his first note on the subject he says:

"'Miss Martineau once remarked that, considering how long we have lived in close association with ani- mals, it is astonishing how little we know about them, and especially about their mental condition. This applies with especial force to our domestic ani- mals, and above all of course to dogs.

"'I believe that it arises very much from the fact that hitherto we have tried to teach animals rather than to learn from them—to convey our ideas to them rather than to devise any language, or code of sig- nals, by which they might communicate theirs to us. No doubt the former process is interesting and in- structive, but it does not carry us very far.

"'Under these circumstances, it has occurred to me whether some such system as that followed with deaf mutes, especially by Dr. Howe with Laura Bridgman, might not prove very instructive if adapted to the case of dogs.

"'Accordingly I prepared some pieces of stout cardboard, and printed on each in legible letters a  56 House and Pet Dogs.

word such as 'food,' 'bone,' 'out,' etc. The head master of one of the deaf and dumb schools kindly agreed to assist me. We each began with a terrier puppy, but neither of us obtained any satisfactory results. My dog, indeed, was lost before I had him long. Then began training a black poochee. Van by name, kindly given by my friend Mr. Nickalls. I commenced by giving the dog food in a saucer, over which I laid the card on which was the word 'food,' placing also, by the side an empty saucer, covered by a plain card. " Van soon learned to distinguish between the two, and the next stage was to teach him to bring me the card; thus he now does, and hands it to me quite prettily, and then I give him a bone, or a little food, or take him out, according to the card brought. He still brings sometimes a plain card, in which case I point out his error, and he then takes it back and changes it. This, however, does not often happen. Yesterday morning, for instance, Van brought me the card with 'food' on it, nine times in succession, selecting it from other plain cards, though I changed the relative position each time. " No one that sees him can doubt that he under- stands the act of bringing the card with 'food' on - it as a request for something to eat, and that he dis-  Illustration of a Cocker Spaniel. COCKER SPANIEL. J. P. WILLEY'S "ORO II."  38 House and Pet Dogs.

tinguishes between it and a plain card. I also be- lieve that he distinguishes, for instance, between the card with the word 'food' on it and the card with 'out' on it. " 'This, then, seems to open up a method which may be carried much further, for it is obvious that the cards may be multiplied, and the dog thus ena- bled to communicate freely with us. I have as yet, I know, made only a very small beginning, and hope to carry the experiment much further.' "

---

"This letter was written in December, 1883. "At a later date (April, 1884) he published another note on the subject, in which, referring to his pre- vious letter, he says that it 'has elicited various replies and suggestions which you will perhaps allow me to answer, and I may also take the opportunity of stating the progress which my dog Van has made, although owing greatly no doubt to my frequent absences from home, and the little time I can devote to him, this has not been so rapid as I doubt not would otherwise have been the case. Perhaps I may just repeat that the essence of my idea was to have various words, such as 'food,' 'bone,' 'water,' 'out,' etc., printed on pieces of cardboard, and after some preliminary training, to give the dog anything for which he asked by bringing a card."  Training Pet Dogs. 59

" 'I use pieces of cardboard about ten inches long and three high, placing a number of them on the floor side by side, so that the dog has several cards to select from, each bearing a different word.

"One correspondent has suggested that it would be better to use various-colored cards. This might no doubt render the first steps rather more easy, but, on the other hand, any temporary advantage gained would be at the expense of subsequent difficulty, since the pupil would very likely begin by associating the object with the color rather than with the letters; he would, therefore, as is too often the case with our children, have the unnecessary labor of unlearning some of his first lessons. At the same time the experiment would have an interest as a test of the condition of the color sense in dogs. Another suggestion has been that, instead of words, pictorial representations should be placed on the cards. This, however, could only be done with material objects, such as 'food,' 'bone,' 'water,' etc., and would not be applicable to such words as 'out,' 'pet me,' etc.; nor even as regards the former class do I see that it would present any substantial advantage.

"Again, it has been suggested that Van is led by scent rather than by sight. He has no doubt an excellent nose, but in this case he is certainly guided  Go

House and Pet Dogs.

by the eye. The cards are all handled by us, and must emit nearly the same odor. I do not, however, rely on this, but have in use a number of cards bear- ing the same word. When, for instance, he has brought a card with 'food' on it, we do not put down the same identical card, but another with the same word; when he has brought that, a third is put down, and so on. For a single meal, therefore, eight or ten cards will have been used, and it seems clear, there- fore, that in selecting them Van must be guided by the letters. " . . . When last wrote I had satisfied myself that he had learnt to regard the bringing of a card as a request, and that he could distinguish a card with the word 'food' on it from a plain one. While I believe that he could distinguish between a card with 'food' on it, and one with 'out' on it, I have no doubt that he can distinguish between different words. For instance, when he is hungry he will bring a 'food' card time after time until he has had enough, and then he lies down quietly for a nap. Again, when I am going for a walk and invite him to come, he gladly responds by picking up the 'out' card and running triumphantly with it before me to the front door. In the same ways he knows the 'bone' card quite well. As regards water (which I spell phonieti-  Training Pet Dogs 63

cally so as not to confuse him unnecessarily), I keep a card always on the floor in my dressing room, and whenever he is thirsty he goes off there, without any suggestion from me, and brings the card with perfect gravity. At the same time he is fond of a game, and if he is playful or excited will occasionally run about with any card. If through inadvertence he brings a card for something he does not want, when the corresponding object is shown him he seizes the card, takes it back again and fetches the right one.

"No one who has seen him look along a row of cards and select the right one can, I think, doubt that in bringing a card he feels that he is making a request, and that he can not only perfectly distinguish between one word and another, but also associate the word and the object.

"I do not for a moment say that Van thus shows more intelligence than has been recorded in the case of other dogs; that is not my point, but it does seem to me that this method of instruction opens out a means by which dogs and other animals may be enabled to communicate with us more satisfactorily than hitherto.

"I am still continuing my observations, and am now considering the best mode of testing him in very simple arithmetic, but I wish I could induce others  62 House and Pet Dogs.

to cooperate, for I feel satisfied that the system would well repay more time and attention than I am myself able to give. "Most of us have seen dogs which would at command select any particular card of a dozen spread upon the floor, but this is usually done in obedience to some signal which the dog recognizes, but which is imperceptible to the bystanders. Sir John Lub- bock's Van selected his cards by a process of reasoning and clearly recognized the relation between cause and effect, and the experiments published above have thus a real scientific value which does not attach to the performance of tricks which are only mechanical. "We are of opinion that large dogs should not be made into trick dogs. Mastiffs, St. Bernards, and Newfoundland are essentially guard dogs, and not pets. They should be taught to come, charge, heel, go to bed or kennel, fetch and watch, but there is a dignity about these large animals which makes the performance by them of mere tricks seem out of place. "The question is frequently asked which breed of dogs is most intelligent. The inquiry is a difficult one to answer. We might reply that they are all in- telligent enough for our purposes, but this would be to beg the question. Probably in the matter of  CLUMBER SPANIELS. F. H. F. MERCER'S "JOHNNY" AND "DRAKE."  64 House and Pet Dogs.

tracks the poodle is the most intelligent, but setters, pointers, collies, spaniels and all the different terriers make attractive and intelligent pets. Many of the large dogs are useful also for their intelligence, especially the St Bernards and Newfoundland. You may be sure, however, that there is no dog so full, nor so careless about pleasing his master that he cannot be taught, and any one of them will repay fourfold in affection and the added interest with which he will be regarded, the time and trouble spent on him.

"The reward of merit in the education of the dog should be the approbation of the one he loves best in the world. If you have treated your dog with judg- ment, he will be so fond of you that the greatest pleasure that he can feel will be the sense that he is pleasing you. Be unstituted with your praise, then, when the dog has behaved creditably, and let this be his chief reward, though a bit of some food that he likes should often accompany the kind words. Let the praise come first, however. Your dog will soon learn to distinguish the tones of your voice. He knows when you are satisfied with him and when dis- pleased, when you are disposed for a game of romps and when your are serious. When you are giving him his lessons be serious with him. Do not let him fancy  Training Pet Dogs. 65

it is play, but by your grave countenance and conver- sion try to keep his attention fixed on the matter which you and he have in hand. "We have many examples of canine intelligence, and from results already attained it is evident that if we fail to instruct our dogs in tricks which are, in fact, merely mechanical, we have only ourselves to blame.

"The first step to be taken in the education of your dog is to win his affection. He comes to you a stranger, very likely a puppy just torn from the bosom of his family; at all events separated from some one that he loves, whether it be his mother or his former master. He is among strangers, and is very lonely. See to it therefore that you are the first new friend he makes. Let him be with you as much as possible, pet him a little, and give him his food with your own hands. At first, and until he comes to recognize you as his mistress, do everything for him yourself. It will be some little trouble, but you will be well repaid by his gratitude and by the con- stantly growing interest and affection, which will soon subsist between you. Do not make the mistake of turning him over to a servant's care. If you do he will learn to look upon her as the one from whom he is to expect help and kindness, and your task of  66 House and Pet Dogs.

educating him will not be nearly so easy as if it is you alone that he is anxious to please. "while you are winning his affection, study his character. Dogs are no more alike mentally than are men. Some are irritable, full of wild gayerity, always eager for a romp, and forever getting into mischief; others are quiet and timid, neck in spirit, and ready at a sharp word to cover, or turn over on their backs with all four feet up in the air, in abject terror; others still are cunning, obstinate, and sometimes ill-tempered. All of them may be educated, however, if you will but remember the watch words to success firmness, patience, and kindness." During the time when you are making the acquaintance of your dog, he will of course have learned what his name is and will also have come to know your voice and to feel a strong affection for you. Having won his heart, it is now in order to teach him obedience. Uncontrolled affection, displaced perhaps at most inopportune times, will probably make him a nuisance, if not to yourself, at least to your friends; while, if his demonstrations are confined to proper times and places, your pet will be an object of interest and admiration to every one, and neither he nor you will enjoy each other's society a whit the less, or lose a particle of affection.  A black-and-white illustration of a King Charles Spaniel sitting on a chair. KING CHARLES SPANIEL. MRS. FORDER'S "BEND OR."  68 House and Pet Dogs.

TEACHING TO COME. The first lesson to be taught your dog is to come to you when you call him. When he has thoroughly learned to do this, and it has become, as it soon will, a part of his nature to obey the word or the whistle, you have almost absolute control of him at all times. We have owned young dogs of high spirit and courage that would turn at the whistle, and run to us when they were chasing chickens or sheep, and even when running in pursuit of a strange dog with which to do battle. This prompt obedience even in the midst of exciting surroundings is very gratifying to the owner of such a docile animal. It shows the latter's good disposition, and is at the same time an unconscious compliment to the methods by which it has been trained.

We consider it important to train a dog to obey the whistle as well as the voice, and recommend every one who goes abroad with a dog to carry a whistle. A small silver or ivory whistle is easily carried in the button hole, and many dog whips have a whistle in the butt. In taking a walk along a country road one may well enough shout or scream at one's dog, but such a course in the city streets is likely to make one unpleasantly conspicuous. Besides this, a whistle can be heard much further than  Training Pet Dogs. 69

the human voice is less likely to be confused by outside sounds, such as the rattle of the pavements and the thousand and one noises of the city streets. Moreover, a dog soon learns to distinguish and obey the unvarying tone of the whistle by which he is commonly called, and is much more likely to notice this sound than a distant call.

If the dog to be trained is affectionate, it will usually come readily enough when called by name, but something more than this is needed, for it may often occur that while out walking with the animal it may wander away, and become so interested in some object, or in something that is taking place, that it will pay no attention to a call. Such heedlessness must be overcome by actual lessons. It is well then to take the dog into a room by himself or into a small yard from which he cannot escape, and let him wander about for a few moments until his interest in his new surroundings has in a measure worn off. Have with you two or three pieces of bread or cracker, which you are to use as rewards when the dog obeys promptly. When his attention appears to be disengaged, sound on the whistle the note you have decided to use as your signal to the dog to come to you, and then speak the word "come." Very likely he will trot up to you at once,  70 House and Pet Dogs. and if he does, you must pat and praise him, and give him one of the pieces of bread. He will easily see that you are pleased with him, and will enjoy the praise. After a moment or two of this let him go and encourage him to wander off again, and in the course of a few moments, again sound the whistle and call him. The recollection of his previous performance will probably be fresh in his mind, and he will no doubt come again, to be again rewarded and caressed. If on the first occasion he should not come, either because his attention is engrossed by some—to him—important matter, or merely because he is careless, go up to him without any appearance of haste or anger, take him by the collar, and return to the spot where you stood when you first called him, dragging him with you and childing him in low and serious tones for not coming to you at first. When you have reached the spot where you stood when you called, let your face and voice change from grave and severe to pleasant and affectionate. Praise him, pet him and give him a bit of food. Let him see as plainly as possible that your feelings toward him have undergone a change. If he will not let you put your hand on him, do not chase him, but get hold of him by strategy and then bring him back to the place where you stood at first. You  Training Pet Dogs. 71

may have to go through this performance three or four times before he comprehends what is wanted, but when he does understand, you will probably have no more trouble, but can continue your lessons, varying the time and place, until he is thoroughly obedient to the call both of whistle and voice.

With an unusually heedless, careless or high-spirited dog, it may sometimes be necessary to adopt measures a little more decided. Give the dog its lesson just before its usual feeding time, or if necessary omit feeding it; then, when it receives the bit of food which you have ready as a reward, its appreciation of the daintiness will be greatly heightened, and its desire to do what you wish be so much the more increased. It will not do to continue these lessons too long at a time. Give them three or four times a day, but do not let them continue more than fifteen or twenty minutes, in which time you ought to be able to call the dog to you say four times. After three or four days of this instruction, you will find him quite obedient. After he once fairly understands what you want, if he neglects your call, you should speak sharply to him, but without raising your voice, and if he is slow or careless, box his ears, not hard, yet in such a way as to show him by voice and action that  72

House and Pet Dogs.

you are punishing him. A few days of systematic work in this direction will probably make your dog perfectly obedient in this respect, and the practice that he will naturally get from duty to duty will keep him so. It is important that you should be very careful in the early days of his training to see that when you call he shall come without fail. If you neglect him, he will surely fall into bad ways, and all your work will have gone for naught.

TEACHING TO CHARGE.

The next step in your dog's education is to teach him to lie down. The best word to use in giving this command is "charge," the term commonly employed by sportsmen with their hunting dogs. In addition to this word, you may, if you please, hold up the open hand, though this sign is hardly needed in training pet dogs, which need hardly ever be made to lie down at a distance from you. When you begin your lesson, call the dog to you, and when he stands before you, say "charge" and push him to the ground. Very likely he will struggle and try to get away from you, or he may even attempt to play with you. Pay no attention to his struggles, but hold him down until they cease, at intervals repeating the word "charge." You must, if possible, make the dog connect this  A black and white illustration of a beagle standing on all fours. BEAGLE. C. F. JUBSON'S "LITTLE DUKE."  74 Home and Pet Dogs.

word with your act and his own position, for the sooner this is done, the sooner he will obey the command. When his efforts to rise have ceased, and you are ready to have him get up, take your hands off him and as you do so, say in a sprightly tone, “hold up.” As you rise to your feet he will no doubt spring up too, and then you must praise and pet him, and give him as a reward a bit of food. This lesson should be repeated a dozen times a day, but great care must be taken not to have the lessons too close together. The dog must not be scheduled so much that he will weary of the process. At first when the dog has been pushed down, he may fall into a loose heap on his side or may even roll over on his back, but after he begins to connect the word “charge” with the recumbent attitude, he must be made to lie on his belly with his hind feet under him, and at first with his head upon his forepaws. It is just as easy to teach him to lie down properly as to allow him to sprawl. It is well to make him lie down often during the day, and to let him understand that if you tell him to “charge,” he must remain in the desired position until ordered to “hold up.” By the exercise of a little patience and firmness you will soon bring your dog to a point when he will entirely satisfy you in this respect.  Training Pet Dogs. 75

FOLLOWING AT HEEL.

You must now teach your dog to follow at heel. It is very annoying when you are out walking to have him constantly running away from you, and to be obliged at short intervals to call him back. You are thus forced to be on the constant alert, to watch your dog all the time. This is a great nuisance and may be avoided by teaching him to walk at heel. Begin by taking the animal out on a short chain or lead, and keeping the chain so short that he will walk as nearly as possible by your side. If on first going out the tug is serious and difficult, pay no attention to these demonstrations, but walk quietly on. You should have in your hand a very light cane or switch. When the animal has been down so that he walks at your side without excitement, speak to it, and having attracted its attention say the quiet grave tone “heel,” and at the same time—the chain being as short as possible—move the hand that holds it backward and behind you. The effect of this will be to bring the dog’s head behind you and to make him follow literally at your heels. He will not be satisfied with this position and will try to push his way to your side as before, and you must repeat the word “heel” and now gently tap him on the nose with the switch. This tapping he will try  76 House and Pet Dogs.

to avoid and it will make him fall back a little and take just the position he ought to. Do not keep him there too long, but free him and let him have a race, and then after a while put the leash on and again tell him "heel." You will be astonished to find how few lessons are required to perfect him in this accomplishment. You will soon be able to make him go at heel without a chain, and can control him when his eagerness gets the best of his discipline and he starts to pass you, by a tap of the switch or by the warning word "huh," which is merely a caustic word used to speak to call his attention to any fault that he is about to commit. The directions already given, if carefully followed out, will not only have given you very full control over your dog at all times, but will have so developed his intelligence, his understanding of what you desire of him and his comprehension of the differing shades of meaning conveyed by the varying tones of your voice and expressions of your face, that each further step in his education will be made more easy.

SITTING UP. In the chapter on "Training Pet Dogs" in "Training vs. Breaking," are given a number of simple tricks which may be easily taught a small dog  A black and white illustration of two dogs, one standing on its hind legs and the other lying down. The standing dog has its front paws raised and appears to be looking at the lying dog. I. Harnett's "Pattie and Dora."

DACHSHUND.  [API_EMPTY_RESPONSE]  Training Pet Dogs. 79

wish to call them so—at all events he has four ac- complishments, three of which will aid very greatly to your comfort in dealing with him. He will, if you have taught him in the right way, come to you at the word, will walk close beside you without running off to fraternize with strange curs that he may see in the street, and will lie down and remain in one place and posture until you tell him to ‘hold up,’ even though you go out of the room and leave him alone for half an hour. The sitting up is after all the only ‘trick’ he has learned. The other three accomplishments are really necessary parts of his education.

GOING TO BED. "In the sitting-room or library, or wherever it may be that you spend most of your time, there should be a corner devoted to your dog. On the floor in this corner there should be a cushion or mat large enough for the dog to lie on. You will often find that when you are busy the dog will insist on having some attention, will either want to be petted or to play, and so will be somewhat troublesome. Teach him, therefore, when he is told to do so, to 'go to bed.' All that is necessary in this is to give the com- mand, lead him to his bed, and when he has reached it order him to 'charge' there. After you have done  80 House and Pet Dogs.

this a few times he will understand what you mean by 'go to bed,' and will obey readily enough. You can call him out of his corner by the words 'hold up' and 'come along, and after a little the mere pointing of your finger to his bed will be enough to send him trotting into his corner.

"By varying the places you can readily enough teach him to go to the window, get upon the sofa or chair, go up stairs, into the dining-room, or into any room in the house. We have had toy dogs that we have sent into a corner as a punishment, as naughty children are sometimes supposed to be disciplined, but the punishment corner should not be the same as the bed corner. The order to go into the first named should always be given in a tone of mingled severity and reproach, and, of course, the dog should not be sent there unless it has really in some way offended.

TEACHING TO FETCH.

"In a previous chapter the lesson 'fetch' has been given, but for toy dogs, a less elaborate method will do. All young dogs delight to run after a ball, and will usually either bring it back to be thrown again, or will carry it off to one side and amuse themselves for a while by gnawing at it. Your dog, however, has been taught to 'come,' and if he shows a dis-  COLLIE G. E. Krueger's "Kenne"  82

House and Pet Dogs.

position to run off with the ball, you must call him to you. If he brings the ball, caress and praise him, and then throw it again, and if he brings it the second time, repeat the praise, and congratulate yourself upon having a natural reflexion. If, however, he drops the ball when you call him and return to you, lead him back to the ball, place gently between his jaws the ball, take them up, and lead him back to the spot where you stood when you first called him, repeating the word 'fetch.' Then praise and pet him, and after a moment, interest him in the ball and throw it again. In putting the ball in his mouth you must be very gentle with him, for this is something entirely new, and he will not under-stand it, and may, if he is of a timid disposition, be frightened by what you are doing. Be quiet, therefore, and deliberate in all your movements, and as you lead him back with the ball in his mouth, say in a quiet voice, "fetch," "fetch." He will comprehend what you desire very soon, and as he enjoys the sport of chasing the ball, will be only too glad to obey your order as soon as he understands what you mean.

"By the time your dog has acquired the various accomplishments already alluded to, the association between you has no doubt extended over several  FOODLE. W. C. SANFORD'S "STYX."  I am a student at the University of California, Berkeley. I am majoring in Computer Science and minoring in Mathematics. I am currently a member of the Student Government Association (SGA) and the Undergraduate Research Council (URC). I have been involved in various extracurricular activities such as the Robotics Club, the Math Club, and the Science Olympiad team. I have also been involved in research projects with my advisor, Dr. [Name], in the areas of computer vision and machine learning.

I am interested in pursuing a career in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. I believe that these fields have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of our lives, from healthcare to transportation to entertainment. I am particularly interested in the intersection of computer science and biology, and I hope to contribute to this area of research.

In my free time, I enjoy playing video games, watching movies, and spending time with my friends and family. I also enjoy hiking and camping, and I have been fortunate enough to explore some beautiful places in the United States and Canada.

Thank you for considering me for this position. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]  BULLDOG. G. RAPER'S "RUSTIC KING."  86 House and Pet Dogs.

designate; can teach him to shake hands, to roll over, to walk on his hind legs, to chase his tail, to wipe his feet on the mat at the front door when he is coming in from a walk, and a great many other sim- ple tricks of this description. A trick that is rather cunning and usually interests vi: tors is to teach him at the words 'Die for your country' to stretch him- self on his side with closed eyes as if dead. Then at the words 'Country's saved,' to spring up, and appear full of life. Another similar trick is to throw the ball, or a bit of cracker, and as he runs toward it say distinctly 'It costs money.' At this he should stop, and not approach the coveted object until informed that it is 'paid for.'

"Roll over" is readily taught. Kneel by the dog's side and as you repeat the words press him to the ground, and quickly turn him over on his back, and then the rest of the way. Then let him stand up, and give him his reward. Eight or ten lessons will perfect him in this.

"It scarcely seems necessary to detail each par- ticular step to be gone through with in teaching these lessons, for this would involve almost endless repetition. It may be taken for granted that any one who has successfully taught her dog the first few lessons described in this chapter will have  BULL-TERRIERE. L. & W. RUTHERFORD'S "GRAND DIRE." A drawing of a dog with a collar around its neck, standing on two legs and leaning against a tree trunk.  88 Honi and Pet Dogs.

gained a certain amount of experience, which, with her common sense, will qualify her to proceed with any of the succeeding steps.

WHIPPING. *Nothing has as yet been said about chastisement for faults committed. Sometimes it is necessary to whip a dog, though we think not often. A lecture on the enormity of his sins delivered in a solemn reproachful tone of voice will usually be enough to make the offender so ashamed of himself that he will take great care not to repeat his fault. If it is necessary to whip him, use a fine switch, a ladies' riding switch is good, and hit him a few blows with the end of it, blows which will sting and not bruise. Two or three hard blows—which really hurt—are as good as a dozen. But under ordinary circumstances a scolding or a light box on the ears will be all the punishment a little dog is likely to require.

A WOMAN'S EXPERIENCE. *Having thus set forth our view of the methods to be followed in training pet dogs, we propose to fortify ourselves by giving the experience of a lady who has had a wide experience in this field, whose dogs are extremely interesting little creatures. She says:

A page from a book, possibly from "Honi and Pet Dogs" by Mrs. H. H. Hone.  A drawing of a fox-terrier standing on a wooden surface. FOX-TERRIER. J. E. THAERS "Richmond Olive."  90 House and Pet Dogs

" "I think that the secret of training a dog easily, is to have it about one as much as possible, and to talk to it until it learns to know every inflection of your voice. I have never punished a dog while teaching; but when once it has learned, then dis- obedience should always be punished. Great pa- tience and gentleness are required, especially in the early stages of his education. At this time, if the dog does not obey, it is usually because he does not understand what is required of him. Never lose your temper with a dog. It does not pay. One should study the dog's character as you would a child's. Some dogs I have never been able to whip at all, they seemed too utterly timid, and á sharp word was as effective with them as a thrashing to another dog.

"It is commonly said that children will never show off when their parents want them to. Do not let your dog get into so bad a habit, but make him obey the moment you speak. The effect of reward- ing him afterward tends to insure ready and cheer- ful obedience. It is a good idea to make your dog go through all his tricks just before you give him his dinner. If he is hungry he will be very likely to acquit himself to your perfect satisfaction.

"Dogs are generally considered a nuisance in a  Training Pet Dogs. 91

dining-room, but well-trained dogs are no such things. We have two little terriers who always follow the family to the dining-room. Each one has a particular chair by the window, on which he remains without stirring until the meal is over. It is curious to see the annoyance of one dog if his brother jumps on the wrong chair. As the chairs are precisely alike, and stand side by side, it would appear to a casual observer a matter of small importance whether either dog occupied the right or the left hand chair. The mortification of either dog on reaching the dining-room a few moments after the meal has begun is also amusing. They sneak in with head and tail down, as though overwhelmed with shame. These two terriers are both good retrievers, and if ordered to go into another room to look for a lost ball, they will search for it in the most conscientious manner, and will find it if it is there. The younger of the two learned almost entirely from his older brother, who was very well trained before the second one was brought to the house."

TEACHING TRICKS. Enough has been said in the previous pages to convey to any person of ordinary intelligence the methods to be pursued in teaching tricks to dogs.  92 House and Pet Dogs.

These animals may be taught to do almost anything but talk, if one will only take pains; and the variety of a dog's accomplishments is usually limited only by the inventiveness of its owner. For the conven- ience of those not blessed with much invention we give a list of some of the commoner tricks. To walk on his hindlegs, hold some tempting bit of food over the dog's head so that he cannot reach it, and he will naturally rear up on his hindlegs to seize it. As he rears say "walk," and move your hand a few inches, and he will take a step or two on his hindlegs before putting his forefeet to the ground. Give him the food before he comes down on all fours if you can. It will take but a few mo- ments for him to see what it is necessary to do to get the food, and half a dozen lessons will so perfect him in this accomplishment that he will walk with perfect ease at a word or the motion of a finger. To waltz is taught by the same method, but in- stead of moving the hand straight ahead so that the animal walks forward, it must be moved—at first slowly—in a circle about the dog's head. Anxious to secure the food, it turns around after it, and so comes to "walk." To sweet may readily be taught by making the dog sit up and then tickling its nose with a feather  SCOTCH TERRIER. H. J. LUDLOW'S "ALLISTER."  94 House and Pet Dogs.

or a straw, of course accompanying the act with the command "sneeze."

To carry basket. This is merely a modification of the "fetch" trick already described. A large dog may be taught to carry a basket just as easily as a ball or a newspaper, and when so taught is extremely proud of his accomplishment, and glad of the opportunity to exhibit it.

To leap. Offer the dog a bit of food, but to get it make him jump over a cane held so high that he can not step over it. As he springs say to him "leap," and after he has done it give him the dainty. After a few lessons he will do it at the word.

To speak and sing. These noisy accomplishments in our opinion should never be taught dogs.

SOME USEFUL HINTS.

We take from the chapter already quoted the following useful suggestions on the care of dogs :

"Never give your dog an india rubber ball for a plaything; if you do, he will be pretty sure to get into the way of chewing it, and will finally tear it into pieces, and swallow some of them. If he does this he will probably die. Certainly he will be sick for a long time. The best ball for him is a common child's soft ball, with a tough leather cover. It  Training Pet Dogs. 95

should be so large that he can just comfortably take it in his mouth.

"In bathing your dog do not use warm water. If you do, you greatly increase the likelihood of his taking cold, and there are many ailments of the dog which have their beginning in colds. Use either cold water or else just take the chill off it, but do not let it be warm. After the bath rub him as nearly dry as possible with a coarse towel, and try to keep him moving until he is quite dry.

"Most of the simple ailments of the dog connected with the stomach or bowels can be relieved by one or two doses of syrup of buckthorn, which can be procured of any druggist. For a dog weighing from ten to fifteen pounds, give a dessertspoonful at a time; for a five pound animal a teaspoonful is enough, and a big dog should have a tablespoonful.

"It may be stated that a strange dog, or one that is very timid, or one brought from the country into the city, and so introduced to new, strange and perhaps terrifying sights and sounds, should at first always be taken out to walk on chain. If this precaution is not observed it is very likely to be lost or to cause great trouble by running away."  TEACHING CANINE MANNERS.

A LADY who is very fond of dogs and has had great experience with them, recently wrote to the Forest and Stream an interesting letter on this subject. This letter is so intelligent and shows so clear an understanding of the reasoning processes of the dog that no excuse is needed for reproducing it here:

In looking over the various books upon training dogs, I have never met one that went beyond teaching them to perform tricks or in instructing bird dogs in their duties as such. I say, go further. A dog with only that degree of education falls far short of what a dog may be made—and is not made by his owner, to have a department that will make him welcome everywhere and an annoyance to no one.

It is the want of this that causes some persons to  Dandie Dinmont Terrier. DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER. W. R. KIRK'S "GUR." 10  98 House and Pet Dogs.

say, "I do not like dogs." "I do not care to go to such a house because they have such horrid dogs." In saying this of children one reflects upon the man- agement of the parents; but, on the other hand, it is the poor dogs that are blamed by the speaker, whereas it is their master's neglect or ignorance. As I have been especially successful in the training of puppies and dogs, some hints may be acceptable to those of your readers who like well-behaved as well as handsome-looking animals. OBEDIENCE. A puppy should be taught obedience the first thing after he has learned to love you, which last will occupy about a week's petting and feeding him yourself. There are many dogs who will charge or heel, but who are otherwise unruly. If a dog jumps on sofas, chairs, etc., lift him off, giving a smart tap with a switch, saying, bad dog. I do not approve of whipping; with most dogs tying up is better than chastisement. I think the bull-terrier is the only one that really needs it. Tie a house dog to the ban- isters or to some convenient piece of furniture im- mediately after he has misbehaved, saying "bad dog," leave him quiet awhile to think over his naughtiness, and when you loose him, say "good doggie, now."

A black and white illustration of a dog lying on its back with its legs in the air.  Teaching Canine Manners. 99

When a young one is very comphim, call him to you, place one hand gently on the top of his head, quietly keeping it there, and he will soothe down, though at first you may have to hold the collar in the other hand. No young dog should be allowed to play too much, it makes them cross and nervous. Some persons complain of the destructiveness of puppies; provide them with a toy, a ball or a rag doll, but be sure when you see it flags in the game to take it away, placing it out of the dog's reach until you give it again, which will help to teach him not to make toys of your valued things.

DOGS AND FLOWER BEDS. I hear much complaint of dogs destroying flower beds. That should never be allowed. We have several dogs, one of them a St. Bernard, still we possess unostented and most beautiful beds and borders of flowers. My oldest dog (a pointer), when he was young, had the habit of jumping over beds. What would have happened if he had done? screamed "get off," or tried to drive him away, thereby confusing him and causing more damage to the plants. I went up, taking him quietly by the ear and collar, led him all around the bed. I had not to do this very many times on each repetition of the fault be-  100 House and Pet Dogs.

fore he learned to go around a bed when he wished to get on the other side; but I was surprised when I saw my pointer lead off another dog who had jumped on a flower bed, taking him by the ear. One sum- mer, four years ago, I found that a nicely-planted bed had been selected as a place to bury bones by one of our dogs. I watched him and unearthed the bones, placing them in the crotch of a tree, in sight but out of reach; then he selected a place beneath some evergreens. I think he must have told the others about it. Anyway, I have never since then seen a bone in a flower b.d. It seems to me that all animals have some means of conversing with each other. Trainers know the good service rendered in the field by an old dog to bring the young ones to a knowledge of their duties. The same in house dogs; a well or illly-behaved old one will influence puppies or new comers for good or bad.

BAD HABITS. Many dogs have the very rude manners of mak- ing their toilet in public—to many persons the spec- tacle of one sitting in the parlor and licking himself is disgusting. To prevent this I take the dog's head and lay it gently on the floor, saying "Dead dog," place my foot, without pressing, on his head to keep  BLACK AND TAN TERRIER S. CAMERON'S "WALLACE."  102 House and Pet Dogs.

it down. I sit beside him, repeating the words a few times; usually he drops asleep. It will not be long before he will learn this without being touched, so you can say "Dead dog" from across the room; but do not trifle with him and make him perform the trick when there is no reason for it, or he will refuse to do it.

FOOD AND FEEDING. The dog-owning public is gradually becoming convinced of the injuriousness of indiscriminate feeding; still there are few houses where the animal is forbidden the kitchen, and the consequent indulgence of tid bits from the servants. I would dismiss a cook who fed a dog or encouraged him in the kitchen against my orders. This I make understood beforehand. Besides the ruination to the digestion, being fed in the kitchen is the first step to stealing there or in the dining-room, which fault is inherent in the animal, evolved from his wolf ancestors, making it an instinct to get his living by depredation. Thus it is difficult to train them not to be thieves, but it can be done if begun when young; with no tampering allowed, no notice taken of begging. His food should never be thrown on the ground, but put on one platter, and water put always in the same bowl, both having a spot reserved for them and not  Teaching Canine Manners. 103

interfered with by any other animal. This teaches fastidiousness, which should be encouraged as a pre- ventive to picking up bits—a very dangerous habit, sometimes resulting in accidental or intentional pois- oning. If the dog picks up a bit it should always and immediately be removed from the mouth by the master's fingers. All of our dogs permit me to do this without trouble.

In regard to feeding them there is much advice given about the desirability of giving them but one meal a day. It certainly is not best to have them fat, but I doubt if the one-meal-a-day plan works well. One time we wished to reduce a bird dog's flesh, and fed him sparingly. It was noticed that he disappeared at a certain hour every day, on which we discovered that he ran some distance to a district school, where he picked up the bread and butter thrown out of the children's lunch baskets. After that we deemed it better to increase his rations than: to have him go on a picnic. Of course he might have been tied to his kennel, but tying up a dog for hours a day spoils its shape.

GOOD BEHAVIOR AND HAPPINESS. Dogs recognize their rights, and have better memories than one gives them credit for. One of  [API_EMPTY_RESPONSE]  SKYE TERRIER. P. Sackman's "Jn."  106 House and Pet Dogs.

teaching the young ones that it is the right thing to do. There are few dogs, except the stupid kind known as lads' pets, that cannot learn very many words, understanding all that is said if clearly spoken. A dog dislikes a sentimental or a vexed tone, acting accordingly. I had one who immediately behaved when I said "Be a gentleman." He usually went to drive with me, but when it was inconvenient to take him I would say, "You keep house," and he contentedly remained; whereas if I said, "You cannot go," he knew the staying at home was for some punishment. Animals have feelings, thoughts and memory. They cannot speak nor understand all our verbal language so as to be directed or reasoned with as children are, but they have a keen sense of human feelings, as conveyed by inflections of the voice, and an enduring memory of a person's action to them, never failing to be influenced through life by the impressions made by the treatment bestowed in their earliest months. Some traits are considered to be inherited; some persons assert that gun-shyness is one of them; refinement is certainly inherited, also sweet temper, crossness not always. We know a Newfoundland dog, whose parents are extremely cross--his own brother quite unsafe--but he from  Teaching Canine Manners. 107

infancy has been so indulged and handled by all the men around the stable, that he is very friendly and utterly useless as a watch dog. It is not difficult to make a good-tempered dog cross, and sometimes he becomes so by circumstances. If the family leave the house, while he remains under the care of ser- vants or strangers, who continually snub his attempts at friendliness, he will become morose and suspicious of every one.

I know a dear pointer who was left in this way; he had been the companion of a child, walking be- side the carriage when it went out on the village street. After the family had gone he missed his little friend and would run after every baby carriage and nurse he saw. To keep him they tied him, but he broke the cord; then they whipped him on his return; from that he rarely returned, but passed days wandering away until a home was again made for him.

I think I have said enough to show what a dog may be made, either a credit or c. discredit to his owner, and I trust I may have been able to demon- strate how that discredit reflects upon the owner's neglect.  TRAINING COLLIES.

T HIS breed of dog, so useful as a sheep and cattle herder, is growing in favor as his merits are becoming better known. A writer in Forest and Stream gives the following directions for training:

"I have owned collies all my life—good, useful and well-trained dogs—and in my walks and drives they are my constant companions. Master Collie is a mischievous and fun-loving rascal, and even when well trained this love of mischief will show itself. There is now curled up at my feet one of the hand-somest collies in America. She has been shown at several bench shows, and has always been placed, and besides is a first-rate worker on stock. She is always under my buggy when I am driving, 'except' when sometimes I allow two others to follow for a frolic and exercise. Now, here the 'except' comes  YORKSHIRE TERRIER. Mrs. Forbes's "Bambino Hiro." A black and white illustration of a Yorkshire Terrier standing on its hind legs with its front paws raised.  [API_EMPTY_RESPONSE]  BLOODHOUNDS, J. L. Winstedt's Champion "Barnaby," and "Brenda."

A black and white illustration of two bloodhounds. The dog on the left is standing with its front paws on a wall, while the dog on the right is sitting down, looking up at the other dog.  112 House and Pet Dogs

the tenth month of the puppy's age; but we some- times see them even younger than this working stock like old stagers. I have one in my eye now, that at five months old would go to the pasture field, con- taining sixty acres, drive out the cows and bring them home, a distance of over one mile. At six months old she was working sheep and obeying every sign and motion of her master. "The first thing I do is to make the dog love me, I treat him kindly, never kick nor strike him, and never deceive him. I talk to him and pet him until he knows every word I say. There is a great deal, I assure you, in this 'love me.' When he loves me and understands me I take him into a room and there teach him to follow close to heel, to stop at a whistle, to lie down when told, to go forward by motion of hand, and to either right or left. I always stop my dogs with a whistle, to attract their attention before giving an order by mouth or hand. "When I consider my youngest house-broken, that is, when he obeys my motions and whistle, I take him with sheep—confined in a lane—and allow him to drive them with me, and by motions I keep him moving from one side of the lane to the other. When we are at the end of the lane I say, 'Around them,' motioning the way up the sale, and go with  PUG.

CITY VIEW KENNELS' "BRADFORD RUBY."  114 House and Pet Dogs.

him and show him. When round them I stop him with a whistle, make him lie down, and leave him. I then go in front of the sheep and tell him, ‘Bring them along.’ If he comes too close to the sheep, I stop him with a whistle, and say, ‘Keep wider,’ or ‘Slower.’ These lessons I repeat until I consider him nearly perfect in driving up and down the lane. I then begin to teach him to go from where I stand at one end of the lane to the other and bring the sheep to me. This I do by motioning the way and saying, ‘Far away’ and if he does not go I go with him and show him what to do. When he is behind the sheep I make him lie down, and I go to the spot where I first gave the order, and from there whistle him to bring them along. When he does this work to my satisfaction, I then allow him to the fields to drive the sheep from pasture, and here I repeat all my former lessons to him. I teach him to jump back and forth over a fence, and to bark when told, but never to bite; and when he attempts to use his teeth I punish him. Now as to punishment—as I said at first, I never kick nor strike—I catch the colt around his nose and give him a shake or light tap on the ear with my hand, a cross word will cower him at once.

“There is one thing I never like to do, that is to  Training Collies. 115

begin working my puppy on cattle. As a general rule it will not do, as the dog becomes too severe, and it gives trouble afterward to break him of this habit. I begin on sheep, and when he will work them carefully I can then allow him to drive other stock.

"Now one other point and I am through. The old adage, 'Too many cooks spoil the broth,' applies to Master Collie. If you wish your dog thoroughly trained, only one must work him, and that one I insist must be patient and teach him quietly and gently. If you wish him spoiled and made worthless, allow the whole family to work him, and you will succeed in this admirably."  3