Datasets:
TA 151 M17
STRAIGHT LINE ENGINEERING DIAGRAMS
MANFIELD & POOLE
F.B.I. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 1800
Glass TH151
Book M17
Copyright No.
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT:
A blank white page with some faint, irregular marks on it.
1
STRAIGHT LINE ENGINEERING DIAGRAMS
BY MANIFOLD & POOLE
PUBLISHED BY Technical Publishing Co.
604 MISSION ST. SAN FRANCISCO
CLA 29236C
CONTENTS
Introduction.
No. 1. Bearing Power of Piles. No. 2. Masonry Arches. No. 3. Strength of Concrete. Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Concrete Steel. No. 9. Strength of Beams. No. 10. Direct Current Wiring. Nos. 11-12. Pole Line Construction-Copper. No. 13. Pole Line Construction-Aluminum. No. 14. Electric Circuits. No. 15. Power Transmission Lines. No. 16. Comparative Cost of Power. No. 17. Steam Hoists. No. 18. Steam Engines. No. 19. Economic Size of Pipe. No. 20. Flow of Water in Small Pipes. No. 21. Canals in Earth. No. 22. Water Power. No. 23. Steel Pipe Line. Nos. 24-29. Flow of Water in Pipes. No. 30. Wood-Save Pipe Lines. No. 31. Flow of Water Over Weirs. No. 32-37. Flow of Water in Canals and Flumes. No. 38. Water Measurements. Nos. 39-40-41. Stadia Measurements. No. 42. Shafting. No. 43. Gearing. No. 44. Bailing.
Appendix: Resuscitation From Electric Shock
Care of Burns... Copyrighted 1911 by Technical Publishing Co TMP-96-021692 TA151 M17
INDUCTION
Field engineers and others must frequently make rough and ready estimates for construction. They have neither time nor information available for careful calculation, yet the expenditure of large sums is based upon the accuracy of their estimates. This volume contains a number of computing diagrams giving rapid, approximate solutions of the common problems arising under various conditions.
Beginning with the design of foundations, arches and reinforced concrete walls, the strength and dimensions of all necessary materials can be readily determined. Stadia readings can be quickly reduced, the capacity of pipes and flumes easily found, the economic size of pipe or steel pipes determined. Where wood shelve or steel plates are used, the weight of material for each line can be calculated by hand or by machine. The cost of labor and the time required for shating, beating and bolting can be estimated by hand or by machine. Electric wiring problems and those of pole line construction are worked simply and the comparative cost of power easily shown.
All this and more may be done without knowledge of mathematics by the simplest mechanical process; no hand book nor slide rule table of logarithms is necessary in any of the problems covered. Detailed explanations and many examples are given on the following pages.
Rules for Operation
The pocket in front contains a piece of clear celluloid which is secured to a straight line. This is called the index and will be found convenient in the solution of the problem. Instead of this line, however, a string or straight edge can be used.
The diagrams are all solved in a similar manner, as follows: From a known point on any scale a line is carried to a known point on another scale, where it cuts the remaining scales, which are to be dealt with simultaneously as shown by arrows pointing in both directions. On one side of this diagram, several points are marked off at equal intervals along a line parallel to the index line. This is easily accomplished by placing the point of a pencil over the intersection of the index line and the turning scale. On several of the diagrams no arrow points are shown, in which case all scales are read simultaneously.
A page from a manual titled "INDUCTION" containing diagrams and instructions for calculating various construction-related problems.
Explanation of Diagram No. 1
Bearing Power of Piles
This diagram indicates the safe load in tons that may be carried by either a timber or concrete pile, considered as being supported by the friction of the earth on its sides, as is assumed that the pile is driven by a hammer-bounce under last or test blow measured penetration under last or test blow given a measured approximately constant rate. The result is not reliable if there has been any crushing of the head, body or foot of the pile. The diagram consists of three sea-loads, the first is land of proportionate to the hammer weight and its fall, the second to the safe load from the third to the penetration in metres under the last blow. A proper allowance must be made on this diagram. The calculations are based on the generally accepted formula $P = \frac{2Wh}{s+1}$ PENETRATION UNDER LAST BLOW IN INCHES
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM NO 1
SAFE LOAD IN TONS
BEARING POWER OF PILES
MANIFOLD & PUDLE.
LOS ANGELES, CAL.
WEIGHT OF HAMMER IN POUNDS MULTIPLIED BY DROP IN FEET = W.H.
00000 30000 30000 30000 13000 30000 30000 30000 7500 6900 5800 Explanation of Diagram No. 2
Masonry Arches
This diagram shows the necessary depth of key- stones for current span distances in masonry arches. The point is the vertical distance between the lowest and highest point of the lower or concave surface of the arch. The ratio of span to rise also determines the horizontal thrust for each 1,000 pounds of load, which in turn determines the stability of the structure.
The left scale is laid off for spans from 2 to 300 feet; the right scale shows the proper keystone depth for a given span on different ratios of thrust and thrust on different ratios of thrust. The intermediate scale shows the proper horizontal thrust. The method of procedure is outlined on the diagram.
A diagram showing the relationship between span, rise, and horizontal thrust in masonry arches.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM
MASONRY ARCHES
N9 2
SPAN IN FEET
| 0 | 3' | 6' | 9' | 12' | 15' | 18' | 21' | 24' | 27' | 30' | 33' | 36' | 39' | 42' | 45' |
HOT WATER PER EACH 1000 LF AD
APPLY A RULE OR PUNCH TO STRIKE FROM THE LOWER PENDANT TO THE UPPER PENDANT. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY. CUT STONE EACH WAY.
MANIFOLD & POOLE, LOS ANGELES, CAL.
CAPTION (1) OF DR. MANIFOLD & POOLE, LOS ANGELES, CAL.
A diagram showing measurements for masonry arches, with a scale on the left side and a legend on the right side indicating "HOT WATER PER EACH 1000 LF AD" and "CUT STONE EACH WAY." The diagram includes a vertical line at the center, with horizontal lines extending to the left and right, labeled with increments of feet. The top of the diagram has a label "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM MASONRY ARCHES N9 2." The bottom of the diagram has a label "SPAN IN FEET." The right side of the diagram has a legend with symbols indicating different cut stone sizes, each labeled with "CUT STONE EACH WAY." The left side of the diagram has a scale with increments of feet from 0 to 45'.
Explanation of Diagram No. 3
Strength of Concrete
This diagram indicates the strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete, made from Portland cement having various proportions and times of setting, also the barrels of cement required to the cubic yard of rammed concrete for different percentages of voids. The results, however, are approximate, as there is a wide variation due to (quality of cement and aggregate) gates and pass, cement should be tested at definite weight obtained. The vertical aggregate as used on the scale at the extreme right is inert material and one part cement, two parts sand and four parts broken rock.
Example: To find the strength and modulus of elasticity of a concrete mixed in the proportion of one part cement to six parts aggregate after setting one month; also bar length required to make one square yard of concrete, as follows:
Solution: On scale No. 2 to 60 scale No. 7, read compressive strength scale No. 5-2400; and ultimate compressive strength scale No. 7-2800; and ultimate modulus of elasticity, scale No. 4-280000; then revolving index at intersecting scale No. 7 and connecting to 45% on scale No. 3 read 1.58 barrels cement per cubic yard rammed concrete.
A diagram showing the strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete.
A graph titled "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM No. 3 STRENGTH OF CONCRETE" with various lines and labels.
Copyright 1958 by MANFIELD & POOLE, LTD. ANGLAIS ET FRANCAIS.
Ultimate Compressive Strength, lbs per sq. in. Modulus of Elasticity, millions = E_e
Percentage of voids
Age of Concrete
Photograph
Days
Densities of concrete, pounds per cubic foot
0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 E_1
Concrete Performed on 2nd Floor
Concrete Performed on 3rd Floor
Concrete Performed on 4th Floor
Concrete Performed on 5th Floor
Concrete Performed on 6th Floor
Concrete Performed on 7th Floor
Concrete Performed on 8th Floor
Concrete Performed on 9th Floor
Concrete Performed on 1st Floor
Concrete Performed on 2nd Floor
Concrete Performed on 3rd Floor
Concrete Performed on 4th Floor
Concrete Performed on 5th Floor
Concrete Performed on 6th Floor
Concrete Performed on 7th Floor
Concrete Performed on 8th Floor
Concrete Performed on 9th Floor
Explanation of Diagram No. 4
Concrete Steel
This diagram and Nos. 5 and 6 give the economical percentage of steel to use in any beam or slab and the strength coefficient which is later used with diagram No. 7. Having obtained the modulus of elasticity for a certain concrete, either by the use of diagram No. 3 or for purposes of checking those given Nos. 4, 5 and 6, the modulus of elasticity is found.
Example: The modulus of elasticity of a certain concrete is found to be 20,000,000 and the ultimate compressive strength 2,000 lb. per sq. in. and is to be reinforced with steel having an elastic limit of 40,000 lb. per sq. in. find the percentage of steel required and coefficient of strength.
Solution: Connect 40,000, scale No. 1, to 2,000, scale No. 6, and find 10% reinforcement, scale No. 3, and coefficient K = 380, scale No. 5.
In cases where a beam has a depth greater than the economic depth in the concrete it is found from diagram No. 7 that the coefficient K is found from diagram No. 7.
Example: It is found in a beam of a certain depth that the coefficient K equals 250; modulus of elasticity of the concrete is 20,000,000; elastic limit of the steel being 38,000 lb., per sq. in.; find percentage of reinforcement required in the concrete.
Connect C = 38,000, scale No. 1, to 250, scale No. 4 and find 7% reinforcement required, scale No. 2 and stress in concrete 1,570 lb. per sq. in., scale No. 6. STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM No. 4 CONCRETE STEEL
Stress in Concrete, lbs per sq.in.
Coefficient K, E = 2000000 Coefficient K, E = 2500000 Coefficient K, E = 3000000
Stress in Steel, lbs per sq.in.
A set of three bar charts showing stress-strain relationships for concrete and steel. The left chart shows stress (in pounds per square inch) on the y-axis and strain (dimensionless) on the x-axis. The middle chart shows coefficient K (dimensionless) on the y-axis and E (Young's modulus, in pounds per square inch) on the x-axis. The right chart shows coefficient K (dimensionless) on the y-axis and E (Young's modulus, in pounds per square inch) on the x-axis.
Manufactured by: MARSHALL & POOLE, P.O. BOX 786, LOS ANGELES, CAL.
1 Explanation of Diagram No. 5
Concrete Steel
This diagram and Nos. 4 and 6 give the economical percentage of steel to use in any beam or slab and the strength coefficient, which are later used with dia- gram No. 7. Having obtained the modulus of elas- ticity for a certain concrete, either by the use of dia- gram No. 3 or from experiment, choose between Nos. 4 and 6 the nearest corresponding modulus.
Example: The modulus of elasticity of a certain concrete is found to be 2,000,000 and the ultimate com- pressive strength of steel having an elastic limit of 40,000 lb. per sq. in. find the percentage of steel required and coefficient of strength.
Solution: Connect 40,000, scale No. 1, to 2,100, scale No. 6, and find 1.03% reinforcement, scale No. 2, and coefficient K = 350, scale No. 4.
In some cases a beam is of a depth greater than the economic and it is required to reinforce this beam with its load, the coefficient K is found from diagram No. 7.
Example: It is found in a beam of a depth being of the concrete K equals 250; modulus of elasticity being 38,000 lb., per sq. in. to find percentage of reinforce- ment and the stress in the concrete.
Solution: Connect 38,000, scale No. 1, to 250, scale No. 3, and find 74% reinforcement required per sq. in., scale No. 6.
and stress in concrete (1,880 lb., per sq. in., scale No. 6). STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM N5 CONCRETE STEEL
Paper Number 38 Explanation of Diagram No. 6
Concrete Steel
This diagram and Nos. 4 and 5 give the economical percentage of steel to use in any beam or slab and the strength coefficient, which are later used with diagram No. 7. Having obtained the modulus of elasticity for a certain concrete, either by the use of diagram No. 3 or from experiment, choose between Nos. 4, 5 and 6 the nearest corresponding means.
Example The modulus of elasticity of a certain concrete is 28000 lb per sq. in. and it is to be reinforced with steel having an elastic limit of 50000 lb per sq. in. to find the percentage of steel required and coefficient of strength.
Solution: Connect 50000, scale No. 1, to 2400, scale No. 6, and find 82% reinforcement, scale No. 2 and coefficient K = 300, scale No. 4.
In some cases a beam is to be designed greater than the economical one, in this case it is found from diagram No. 7 that the coefficient K equals 300, modulus of elasticity of the concrete 30000, elastic limit of steel being 38000 lb per sq. in., to find percentage of reinforcement and the stress in the concrete.
Example: Connect 38000, scale No. 1, to 300, scale No. 5, and find 82% reinforcement equal, scale No. 3, and stress in concrete 2400 lb per sq. in., scale No. 6.
Diagram No. 7
A ruler with markings for stress in concrete (lbs per sq in) and coefficients of elasticity.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAFRAM NY 6 CONDUCTOR E STEEL
Stress in Concrete, lbs per sq in
% reinforcement, E = -5000000
Coefficient X, E = -5000000
Coefficient Y, E = -5000000
CERROBLANCO 782 AT. MANIFOLD PUDLE. LOS ANGELES, CAL.Page number 12 Explanation of Diagram No. 7
Concrete Steel
This diagram determines the depth of concrete cross section of steel required in a beam for a pre-determined bending moment. The percentage of strength K is determined by the coefficient of strength K which is determined for any particular concrete and steel from diagrams 4, 5 or 6. The coefficient of strength K is next to the load and span, and is multiplied by a suitable factor of safety and is then found on scales Nos. 0-5.
Diagram: Connect 330 on scale No. 1 to 20000 × 3 with a certain concrete steel beam = 20000 lb. The coefficient of strength K = 350 and the per centage of steel = 5%. To find the depth of the concrete above the steel and the cross section of the steel per ft. with of beam, factor of section 3.
Solution: Connect 330 on scale No. 1 to 20000 × 3 with a certain concrete steel beam = 20000 lb. The coefficient of strength K = 350 and the per centage of steel = 5%. To find the depth of the concrete above center of steel No. 7, revolving about this point and forming a circle, in No. 2 find that the depth of a beam is greater than the economic depth, it is required to reinforce this beam to withstand its load.
Example: The depth of a beam is 15 in. Maximum bending moment multiplied by a factor of safety is 50,000 ft. to find the percentage and cross section of steel required, modulus of elasticity of the concrete being 2,400,000 and elastic limit of steel 38,000 in.
Scale No. 4 and find 226 on scale No. 1 to connect diagram No. 5, connect 26 on scale No. 4 to 30,000 on scale No. 1 and find percentage of steel = 88% also find stress in concrete = 1430 lb. per sq. in. Returning again to diagram No. 7, find cross section of steel per foot width concrete = 157 sq. in.
| Description | Formula |
| Maximum bending moment multiplied by a factor of safety is | $M \times K$ |
| To find the percentage and cross section of steel required | $\frac{M}{E \times A}$ |
| Modulus of elasticity of the concrete being $E_1$ | $E_1$ |
| Elastic limit of steel $E_2$ | $E_2$ |
| Percentage of steel $P$ | $P$ |
| Stress in concrete $\sigma_c$ | $\sigma_c$ |
| Depth of beam $d$ | $d$ |
| Width of beam $w$ | $w$ |
| Length of beam $L$ | $L$ |
| Area of steel $A_s$ | $A_s$ |
| Area of concrete $A_c$ (cross section) | $A_c$ (cross section) |
| Depth of concrete above center of steel $h_c$ (depth) | $h_c$ (depth) |
| Depth of steel above center of steel $h_s$ (depth) | $h_s$ (depth) |
| Distance between centers $d_{cs}$ (distance) | $d_{cs}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{sc}$ (distance) | $d_{sc}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{cc}$ (distance) | $d_{cc}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{ss}$ (distance) | $d_{ss}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{ss}$ (distance) | $d_{ss}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{cc}$ (distance) | $d_{cc}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{ss}$ (distance) | $d_{ss}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{cc}$ (distance) | $d_{cc}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{ss}$ (distance) | $d_{ss}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{cc}$ (distance) | $d_{cc}$ (distance) |
| Distance between centers $d_{ss}$ (distance) | $d_{ss}$ (distance) |
A ruler with various measurements marked on it, including inches, centimeters, and fractions of an inch.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM CONCRETE STEEL
No 7
Depth concrete above grade, inches.
Wt concrete per sq ft above feet.
Dredged, measured, not laid for Ft width concrete.
Sag, no. of per foot width concrete.
Filler for width concrete.
Dredged, measured, not laid for Ft width concrete.
Reinforcement of steel
Coefficient K.
COPY OF THIS SHEET IS PROHIBITED. MANIPULATED & MODIFIED. LOS ANGELES CAL.P.O. FOR Explanation of Diagram No. 8
Concrete Steel
This diagram gives the spacing required for any size of bar.
Example: Assume that a certain slab requires 1.57 sq. in. of steel cross section per foot width; required distance center to center for 3/4 in. sq. rods.
Solution: Connect 1.57 on scale No. 1 to 1/4 on scale No. 6 and find 42 in. center to center on scale No. 5.
Also on scale No. 4 find 2.8 bars per foot width of concrete.
A diagram showing the calculation of concrete steel spacing.
A straight line diagram showing the layout of a concrete steel structure.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM NO. 8 CONCRETE STEEL
| X | Y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
Dia. in inches, round steel bar, No. Gauge No.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Number bars per foot width of concrete.
Dia. c. to, reinforcing bars
Numberbarsperfootwidthofconcrete
CONTRACT NO AR. MANFOLD & POOLE, LOS ANGELES. CAL.Page 1 Explanation of Diagram No. 9
Strength of Beams
This diagram gives the strength of beams. Scales of rods, etc., being 1/4 in. deep, chamfered angles are to be applied horizontally on to scale No. 2, entitled Section Model.
What uniformly distributed load will a 4 in. sq. steel bar support? span between supports 13 ft. max. fibre stress 1500 lb. per sq. in.
Solution: Project 4 in. h. horizontally to cut scale No. 2 at 10/2 and connect this point to 13 on scale No. 6; turning on this point connect 7000 lb. on scale No. 3 and find 7000 lb. on scale No. 4; connecting with 7000 lb. on scale No. 5 and find 7000 lb. on scale No. 6; turning on this point connect 7000 lb. on scale No. 7 and find 7000 lb. on scale No. 8; turning on this point connect 7000 lb. on scale No. 9 and find 7000 lb. on scale No. 10; turning on this point connect 7000 lb. on scale No. 11 and find 7000 lb. on scale No. 12; turning on this point connect 7000 lb. on scale No. 13 and find 7000 lb. on scale No. 14.
Relative strength of beams:
Supported both ends, uniformly distributed load = $1/2$
Supported one end, uniformly loaded beam acting as center beam = $1/2$
Supported one end, uniformly loaded beam acting as center beam = $1/2$
Example: What size of steel I beam supported at each end will be required to sustain a load of 18,000 lbs., concentrated at the point 2 ft. from one support, span being 12 ft, and the maximum fibre stress 16,000 lbs.? In Part A, In this case the load is concentrated at 1/6 the span and hence is equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of $18,000$ divided by $9/10$ = $20,000$. Connect $16,000$ on scale No. 3 to $20,000$ on scale No. 5; find turning point in scale No. 6 connecting to $24$ on scale No. 7 which is about a line modulus $24$ on scale No. 2, which is rolled beam without lateral support.
Proportion of greatest safe load
| Scale | Length Range | Width |
| No. | Distance | Width |
| 1 | 29-32 | 9-12 |
| 2 | 33-36 | 9-12 |
| 3 | 37-42 | 9-12 |
| 4 | 43-48 | 9-12 |
| 5 | 49-54 | 9-12 |
| 6 | 55-62 | 9-12 |
| 7 | 63-72 | 9-12 |
| 8 | 73-84 | 9-12 |
| 9 | 85-96 | 9-12 |
| 10 | 97-114 | 9-12 |
| 11 | 115-136 | 9-12 |
| 12 | 137-156 | 9-12 |
| 13 | 157-184 | 9-12 |
| 14 | 185-244 | 9-12 |
| Total Lengths (in.) Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest Largest) |
A diagram showing the relative strength of beams for different scales and spans.
| Scale | Length Range | Width |
|---|---|---|
| No. | Distance | Width |
| 1 | 29-32 | 9-12 |
| 2 | 33-36 | 9-12 |
| 3 | 37-42 | 9-12 |
| 4 | 43-48 | 9-12 |
| 5 | 49-54 | 9-12 |
| 6 | 55-62 | 9-12 |
| 7 | 63-72 | 9-12 |
| 8 | 73-84 | 9-12 |
| 9 | 85-96 | 9-12 |
| Total Lengths (in.) |
Largest | Largest |
Total Lengths (in.)
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
Largest
A straight-line diagram labeled "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM No. 9 BEAMS" with various scales and measurements.
| Scale | Measurement |
|---|---|
| 0-300 | 0-300 |
| 0-600 | 0-600 |
| 0-900 | 0-900 |
| 0-1200 | 0-1200 |
| 0-1500 | 0-1500 |
| 0-1800 | 0-1800 |
| 25 | 25 |
| 50 | 50 |
| 75 | 75 |
| 100 | 100 |
| 125 | 125 |
| 150 | 150 |
| 175 | 175 |
| 200 | 200 |
| 225 | 225 |
| 250 | 250 |
| 275 | 275 |
| 300 | 300 |
TURNS SCALE
WEIGHT UNITS ONLY DISTANCE SUPPORTED BY NGS.
SPAN
MAX. PETER STRESS
SCHENKEL
MANFOLD & FRIEDELL
LUCAS ANGELICAL
Price per ton
Page number Explanation of Diagram No. 10
Direct Current Wiring
This diagram is intended for the calculation of the number of amperes lost in transmitting a given number of amperes over a given distance through a given size wire. It confidentially shows the circular cross section of the various wire sizes in the formula $A = \frac{L_1}{L_2} \cdot \text{volts gauge}$. The first, or left hand scale, is laid off from 5 to 1,000 miles, the second according to the wire size in the &c. gauge, the third, or right hand scale, is laid off from 5 to 1,000 miles, the fourth according to the diameter of the circular cross section in feet one way between points to be connected, the fifth number volts lost in the total length circuit (including return), and the sixth is a turning scale to carry forward the calculation.
The arrows show that in transmitting 6 amperes 3,000 ft. % volts are lost using No. 3 wire, similarly 25.900 would be lost using No. 8 wire, etc.
If current passed No. 3 wire, say amperes that can be carried No. 3 wire at a voltage of 7% with a volt loss of 7%, the operation is reversed, and the number of amperes (6) read on the first scale. Similarly, if it were required to find how far 6 amperes can be carried with No. 3 wire and a loss of 7% volts, the distance is read on the intermediate scale.
A diagram showing a direct current wiring diagram with scales for different wire sizes, voltages, and distances.
A diagram showing the relationship between different types of wiring and their corresponding amperage values.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM DIRECT CURRENT WIRING
TUNNING SCALE
DISTANCE FROM WAY FELT
CROSS SEC CIRCULAR WIRE GAUGE
AMPERES
DEPARTMENT OF RAILROADS & POWER MANITOU & PUDLE LOS ANGELES, CAL. 1000 Explanation of Diagram No. 11Pole Line Construction—Copper
This diagram gives the necessary deflection for copper wire at various spans and temperatures. Examples are indicated on the diagram.
Formulas employed are:
where $a$ = center deflection in feet
$b$ = span in feet
$w$ = weight of conductor lb. per foot
$s$ = elastic limit of conductor per sq. in. cross sec. weight of 1 ft. of conductor, 1 sq. in.
A diagram showing pole line construction with copper wire.
A diagram showing the relationship between pole length, span length, and temperature. The x-axis represents pole length in feet (0 to 30), the y-axis represents span length in feet (0 to 100), and the z-axis represents temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (-40 to 120). A line connects points representing different combinations of pole length, span length, and temperature.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM POLE LINE CONSTRUCTION
N° 11
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with the temperature scale is the center of span.
The diagram is used to determine the center of span for straight-line poles.
This diagram is figured in minimum travel. Locate the point on the diagram where the span length and pole length intersect. Draw a line from this point parallel to the temperature scale. The point at which this line intersects with Explanation of Diagram No. 12 Pole Line Construction
This diagram is a continuation of No. 11. STRAIGHT-LINE DIAGRAM POLE LINE CONSTRUCTION COPPER
LENGTH OF SPAN IN FEET
10 15 20 25
The diagram is drawn on a transparent sheet of glass.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Poles Per Mile
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 102 105 108 111 114
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain. It is not intended for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of the terrain.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, MANUFACTURER: LET'S LOS ANGELES, CAL.
This diagram is for use in determining the number of poles required per 100 ft. line, due to the curvature of Explanation of Diagram No. 13
Pole Line Construction—Aluminum
This diagram is based on the same conditions as No. 11 and 12, except that aluminum is used instead of copper wire.
A black and white image of a page with text about pole line construction.
A diagram showing the relationship between the length of a straight pole line and the number of poles required to span a given distance. The diagram is labeled "STRAIGHT POLE LINE DIAGRAM" and "POLE LINE CONSTRUCTION". The x-axis represents the length of the pole line in feet, ranging from 0 to 350. The y-axis represents the number of poles required, ranging from 0 to 10. A curved line connects points on the graph, indicating the relationship between pole length and pole count.
The diagram is designed to give an idea of the number of poles required for a given length of pole line. For example, a pole line of 100 feet would require approximately 6 poles, while a pole line of 200 feet would require approximately 12 poles.
The diagram is based on the following formula:
Where:
- Poles = Number of poles required
- Length = Length of pole line in feet
For example, for a pole line of 100 feet:
For a pole line of 200 feet:
This formula assumes that each pole is spaced at least 20 feet apart. In practice, the actual spacing may vary depending on factors such as terrain, vegetation, and other obstacles.
The diagram is intended to be used as a guide only. Actual construction may require adjustments based on local conditions and requirements.
MANIFOLO & PUDLE LOS ANGELES, CAL.
LENGTH OF SPAN IN FEET
| Length (feet) | Poles |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 10 | 2 |
| 15 | 3 |
| 20 | 4 |
| 25 | 5 |
| 30 | 6 |
| 35 | 7 |
TEMPERATURE
| Temperature (°F) | Poles |
|---|---|
| -40 | 8 |
| -35 | 9 |
| -30 | 10 |
| -25 | 11 |
| -20 | 12 |
| -15 | 13 |
| -10 | 14 |
| -5 | 15 |
| 0 | 16 |
| 5 | 17 |
| 10 | 18 |
| 15 | 19 |
| 20 | 20 |
| 25 | 21 |
| 30 | 22 |
| 35 | 23 |
GAINS AT CENTER OF SPAN IN FEET
Copyright © [Year] MANIFOLO & PUDLE LOS ANGELES, CAL. Explanation of Diagram No. 14
Electric Circuits
This diagram gives the relations existing between kilowatts, horse-power, voltage and amperes in alternating current per unit of 100 h.p., to be transmitted over the phase circuit, voltage 1,500 p.f. 80, to find the amperes.
Solution: Connect 150 on scale No. 1 to 1,500 on scale No. 5 and 100 on scale No. 7, revolving on this point and connecting to 80 on scale No. 4, find 73 amperes on scale No. 6.
Example: Suppose the power factor is 70, single-phase circuit, 200 actual amperes, 2,200 volts, what horse-power is being consumed?
No. 6 revolve index at point where it cuts scale No. 7 and revolve index through 220 on scale No. 5, and find 420 h.p. on scale No. 2.
| This diagram gives the relations existing between kilowatts, horse-power, voltage and amperes in alter- nating current per unit of 100 h.p., to be transmitted over the phase circuit, voltage 1,500 p.f. 80, to find the amperes. | Solution: Connect 150 on scale No. 1 to 1,500 on scale No. 5 and 100 on scale No. 7, revolving on this point and connecting to 80 on scale No. 4, find 73 amperes on scale No. 6. |
| Example: Suppose the power factor is 70, single-phase circuit, 200 actual amperes, 2,200 volts, | what horse-power is being consumed? |
| No. 6 revolve index at point where it cuts scale | No. 7 and revolve index through 220 on scale |
| No. 5 and find 420 h.p. on | No. 2. |
Power Transmission Lines
This diagram determines the size of copper wire required for transmission of power, using 60 cycle alternating current; the amperes here used are the actual amperes for determination of which see diagram No. 14.
Example: Reputed the drop in voltage per mile of the phase circuit carrying 50 amperes, size wire OO & S., distance between wire 72 in.
Solution: From 72 on scale No. 1 connect index line to OO on scale No. 5 and where it cuts No. 8 put point of lead pencil over intersection and revolve the index to 50 on scale No. 2. Then the drop in volts per mile scale No. 4 = 74.
A diagram explaining the calculation of wire size for power transmission lines.
A straight line diagram showing power transmission lines.
The diagram includes various measurements and labels such as "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM," "POWER TRANSMISSION LINES," "VOLTS DROPPED PER MILE," "DISTANCE BETWEEN WIRKS IN CHRS," "AMPERS," and "MILES."
There are also specific measurements marked on the diagram, such as 3000, 6000, 9000, 12000, 15000, 18000, 21000, 24000, 27000, 30000, 33000, 36000, 39000, 42000, 45000, 48000, 51000, 54000, 57000, 60000, 63000, 66000, 69000, 72000, 75000, 78000, 81000, 84000, 87000, 91555, 94555, and 97555.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM
POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
VOLTS DROPPED PER MILE. Three places out.
VOLTS DROPPED PER MILE. Six places out.
DISTANCE BETWEEN WIRKS IN CHRS
MILES
AMPERS
MANUEL J. HOLE, BOSTON, LOS ANGELES; CAL. Explanation of Diagram No. 16Comparative Cost of Power
This diagram shows cost of fuel per month per horse power in various kinds of engines and the price per kilowatt hour that electricity can be sold to com- pete with same. In this diagram all that is necessary is to follow along any of the horizontal lines. Example: The price of distillate for use in an en- gine in a certain locality is $0.00 per barrel. What is the cost per kwh. per month of 720 hours, and at what price per kwh. will it meet an electric company sell to use the distillate? Solution: From 4 on scale No. 1 follow across hori- zontally and find cost horse power per month, scale No. 10 = $0.95, and price per k.w. hr., scale No. 9 — 1.84 cents.
A diagram showing comparative costs of power in various kinds of engines and the price per kilowatt hour that electricity can be sold to compete with same.
A graph titled "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM No. 16 COMPARATIVE COST OF POWER" with various lines representing different costs.
The graph shows the cost per kilowatt-hour of electricity for various power sources, including coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear. The x-axis represents the type of power source, while the y-axis represents the cost per kilowatt-hour.
Coal: $0.05 - $0.10 Oil: $0.10 - $0.20 Natural Gas: $0.15 - $0.30 Nuclear: $0.20 - $0.40
The graph indicates that nuclear power is the most expensive option, followed by natural gas, oil, and coal.
Costs per kilowatt-hour of 750 hours duration.
The graph was prepared by the California Public Utilities Commission under the authority of Section 1861 of the California Public Utilities Code, Chapter 1, Division 2.1, Article 1, Subdivision (b) of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. Los Angeles, Calif. The data for this chart is based on estimates made by the California Public Utilities Commission under the authority of Section 1861 of the California Public Utilities Code, Chapter 1, Division 2.1, Article 1, Subdivision (b) of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. Los Angeles, Calif. Explanation of Diagram No. 17Steam Hoists
This diagram solves problems in hoisting and hauling age up inclines; 30 lb. per ton rolling friction is al- lowed.
Example 1: Engine 30 in. x 60 in., drum 6 ft. in. cent. grade; to find the load that can be taken up a per cent grade:
Solution: Connect point 30 on scale No. 3 to point 60 on scale No. 8, place point No. 5 on line between points No. 3 and No. 8, and read 3,100 on scale No. 10, which is the load in pounds that could be hoisted from a vertical shaft; place point of pencil over this last intersection and revolve index to cut scale No. 2 at point No. 3 and read 6,000 on scale No. 6, which is the weight that can be lifted up a 3 per cent grade.
Example 2: Suppose it is required to raise 500 lbs. per min. vertically, rope speed is 50 f.p.m.
Solution: Connect point No. 5 to point No. 2000 on scale No. 10 and find point 50,000 on scale No. 7 and find on scale No. 8, put point of pencil over this intersection and revolve index to point 50,000 on scale No. 11 previously found, the index will now cut scale No. 3 at about 27%, so the engine required would be approximately as shown in diagram No. 17.
Example 2: In diagram No. 17 it is made for any hoist having the horse power and the arm of the drum shaft. pose an electric hoist, 5 h.p., motor, diameter of drum, 4 feet; revs. of drum shaft 60 p.m. To find the load that can be raised vertically,
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
Solution: There is no loss on the horse power by taking
A detailed diagram of a straight line diagram, labeled "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM No. 17" with various measurements and annotations.
First Column - Single-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 30 | 30 | 30 |
| 40 | 40 | 40 |
| 50 | 50 | 50 |
| 60 | 60 | 60 |
| 70 | 70 | 70 |
| 80 | 80 | 80 |
| 90 | 90 | 90 |
| 100 | 100 | 100 |
Second Column - Double-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | 15 | 15 |
| 25 | 25 | 25 |
| 35 | 35 | 35 |
| 45 | 45 | 45 |
| 55 | 55 | 55 |
| 65 | 65 | 65 |
| 75 | 75 | 75 |
| 85 | 85 | 85 |
| 95 | 95 | 95 |
Third Column - Triple-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 30 | 30 | 30 |
| 40 | 40 | 40 |
| 50 | 50 | 50 |
| 60 | 60 | 60 |
| 70 | 70 | 70 |
| 80 | 80 | 80 |
| 90 | 90 | 90 |
Fourth Column - Quadruple-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| -1.2 | -1.2 | -1.2 |
| -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 |
| -1.6 | -1.6 | -1.6 |
| -1.8 | -1.8 | -1.8 |
Fifth Column - Quintuple-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| -2.2 | -2.2 | -2.2 |
Sixth Column - Sextuple-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| -2.4 | -2.4 | -2.4 |
Seventh Column - Septuple-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| -2.6 | -2.6 | -2.6 |
Eighth Column - Octuple-Action
| Measurement | Units | Value |
|---|---|---|
| -2.8 | -2.8 | -2.8 |
Ninth Column - Nonuple-Action
MANUFACTURED AT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURED AT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANT MANU Explanation of Diagram No. 18
Steam Engines
This diagram gives the horse power of steam engines. The mean effective pressure at any point is best obtained by turning on the diagram to obtain the mean effective force which can be used in certain cases.
Example: Find the horse power of a 20 in. x 36 in. engine 100 r.p.m. 48½ lbs. M.E.P.
Solution: Connect 100 scale No. 10 to 36 on scale No. 5, and find piston speed 600 on scale No. 1, turning on this point and connecting to 20 on scale No. 6 and find horse power per lb. M.E.P. 571 on scale No. 11, turning on this point, connect to 48½ on scale No. 2.
Example 2: A cylinder has 6 per cent clearance. The cut off is at 18 of the stroke, find the number of expansions and the mean pressure above vacuum when the steam pressure is 95 lb. absolute.
Solution: Connect 6 on scale No. 8 to 18 on scale No. 9, and find 425 expansions; turning on this point, connect to 95 on scale No. 9 and find 54.5 mean pressure above vacuum on scale No. 2.
| No. | Scale | Mean Effective Pressure (M.E.P.) | Horse Power |
| 1 | 100 | 48½ lbs. | ? |
| 2 | 600 | ? | ? |
| 3 | 18 | ? | ? |
| 4 | 95 | ? | ? |
A diagram showing a steam engine's horsepower calculation based on various parameters such as piston speed, clearance, expansion ratio, and steam pressure.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM
STEAM ENGINES
N° 18
PISTON SPEED FT PER MIN
MANIFOLD & PIDDLE LIDS & WHEELS GAL.
A diagram showing various measurements and angles on a straight line diagram for steam engines.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Penns Valley Co.
Mean Speed of Engine Mean Speed of Valve Mean Speed of Cylinder Mean Speed of Piston Mean Speed of Rod Mean Speed of Connecting Rod Mean Speed of Crankshaft Mean Speed of Flywheel Mean Speed of Gearbox Mean Speed of Motor Mean Speed of Generator Mean Speed of Alternator Mean Speed of Pump Mean Speed of Compressor Mean Speed of Fan Mean Speed of Blower Mean Speed of Air Compressor Mean Speed of Water Pump Mean Speed of Oil Pump Mean Speed of Fuel Pump Mean Speed of Water Heater Mean Speed of Gas Heater Mean Speed of Electric Heater Mean Speed of Gas Boiler Mean Speed of Electric Boiler Mean Speed of Water Heater Mean Speed of Gas Heater Mean Speed of Electric Heater Mean Speed of Gas Boiler Mean Speed of Electric Boiler
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod
Fr. M.E.T. Sufficient Angle for Per Centrating Rod Explanation of Diagram No. 19
Economic Size of Pipe
This diagram gives the economic diameter of pressure pipe to be used in development of hydraulic power. The formula used is as follows:
in which $q$ = quantity water in second feet $h$ = head in feet $c$ = constant in Kutter's formula.
The constant $5.0059$ is based on steel in place 7c per pound, and cost of horse power $1000$ per annum, and hence varies as the annual horse power cost -- the price of steel.
Examples are indicated by arrow point on diagram. STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM NO 19 ECONOMIC SIZE OF PIPE
Copyright 1970 by MANIFOLD & PIPELINE DIVISION LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Diameter pipe corrected
Second feet
Third feet
Fourth feet
Fifth feet
Sixth feet
Seventh feet
Eighth feet
Ninth feet
Tenth feet
Eleventh feet
Twelfth feet
Thirteenth feet
Fourteenth feet
Fifteenth feet
Sixteenth feet
Seventeenth feet
Eighteenth feet
Nineteenth feet
Twentieth feet
Twenty-first feet
Twenty-second feet
Twenty-third feet
Twenty-fourth feet
Twenty-fifth feet
Twenty-sixth feet
Twenty-seventh feet
Twenty-eighth feet
Twenty-ninth feet
Thirty-first feet
Thirty-second feet
Thirty-third feet
Thirty-fourth feet
Thirty-fifth feet
Thirty-sixth feet
Thirty-seventh feet
Thirty-eighth feet
Thirty-ninth feet
Forty-first feet
Forty-second feet
Forty-third feet
Forty-fourth feet
Forty-fifth feet
Forty-sixth feet
Forty-seventh feet
Forty-eighth feet
Forty-ninth feet Explanation of Diagram No. 20
Flow of Water in Small Pipes
This diagram gives the flow and friction losses for small piping, casing, for sizes from an % in. up to 3 in. The lines in which given is 50% second foot of 50 in. meter when 10 gallons per minute are forced through a 1/4 in. standard pipe, what is the friction loss per 1,000 ft?
Solution: Connect 10 on scale No. 1 to 1/4 on scale No. 4 and find 30 on scale No. 5.
It will be found that 1/4 standard pipe is 1.83 in., actually in diameter, by comparing scales Nos. 2 and 3 and that velocity in pipe is 2.15 ft per second, for example: 2 minutes' inches have to be conveyed in a pipe with grade of 20 ft per 1,000, what pipe must be used?
Solution: Connect 2 on scale No. 2 to 20 on scale No. 5 and find diameter 1.87 in. on scale No. 3, hence use in pipe.
| Description | Formula |
| No. 4 and find 30 on scale No. 5. | Connect 10 on scale No. 1 to 1/4 on scale No. 4 and find 30 on scale No. 5. |
| It will be found that 1/4 standard pipe is 1.83 in., actually in diameter, by comparing scales Nos. 2 and 3 and that velocity in pipe is 2.15 ft per second, | It will be found that 1/4 standard pipe is 1.83 in., actually in diameter, by comparing scales Nos. 2 and 3 and that velocity in pipe is 2.15 ft per second, |
| for example: 2 minutes' inches have to be conveyed in a pipe with grade of 20 ft per 1,000, | for example: 2 minutes' inches have to be conveyed in a pipe with grade of 20 ft per 1,000, |
| what pipe must be used? | what pipe must be used? |
| Solution: Connect 2 on scale No. 2 to 20 on scale No. 5 and find diameter 1.87 in. | Solution: Connect 2 on scale No. 2 to 20 on scale No. 5 and find diameter 1.87 in. |
| on scale No. 3, hence use in pipe. | on scale No. 3, hence use in pipe. |
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.
Page typed for
Manifold & Pipedle.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Copyright Reserved by Manifold & Pipedle., Los Angeles, Cal.Canals in Earth
This diagram is used for preliminary estimating and is figured for case divided by width-bottom with sides 90° to close section divided by 2.5 and slopes of sides 1:1.
The formula used is $V = CR \cdot S \cdot S$ in which $V =$ Velocity, $C =$ Constant, in this case 59. $R =$ hydraulic radius, $S =$ slope.
The miner's inch here given is equal to 1/40 second or 40 miner's inches = sec. ft.
Example: What dimensions and fall per mile must be given a canal to carry 100 second ft at a velocity of 2 feet per second?
Solution: Connect 100 scale No. 1, to 2, scale No. 7, and find per mile, scale No. 6 = 17 ft.
Also find cross section of water, scale No. 3 = 50 sq. ft and insert in above formula gives depth = sq. root of $20 = 4.47$. Bottom width = 4.47. Surface of water = $4 \times 4.47 = 17.88$ ft.
| 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
| STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM Nº 20 FLOW OF WATER IN SMALL PIPES |
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Actual diameter standard pipe Pipe diameter, inches Diameters inches (cm) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| This diagram is used for preliminary estimating and is figured for case divided by width-bottom with sides 90° to close section divided by 2.5 and slopes of sides 1:1. |
| The formula used is $V = CR \cdot S \cdot S$ in which $V =$ Velocity, $C =$ Constant, in this case 59. $R =$ hydraulic radius, $S =$ slope. |
| The miner's inch here given is equal to 1/40 second or 40 miner's inches = sec. ft. |
| Example: What dimensions and fall per mile must be given a canal to carry 100 second ft at a velocity of 2 feet per second? |
| Solution: Connect 100 scale No. 1, to 2, scale No. 7, and find per mile, scale No. 6 = 17 ft. |
| Also find cross section of water, scale No. 3 = 50 sq. ft and insert in above formula gives depth = sq. root of $20 = 4.47$. Bottom width = 4.47. Surface of water = $4 \times 4.47 = 17.88$ ft. |
STRAIGHT-LINE DIAGRAM N° 21 CANALS IN EARTH
HYDRAULIC RADIUS ARIA WATER CROSS ZEC, S.S. LT.
SECOND-PIECE
COSTANT - 1907 MEX. MANUEL & PODEL. LOS ANGELES CAL.
1 Explanation of Diagram No. 22
Water Power
This diagram shows the horse power which can be generated from the given quantity of water dropping a certain number of feet. Into the horse power, power is equal to force times speed, here given as pounds by force, and inches per second. The minimum speed here given is equal to 1/50 second or 50 miner's inches per second.
The example indicated on the diagram shows that 24 second ft. or 1,200 miner's inches falling through a vertical height of 100 ft. will generate to 79 h.p. or 204 k.w. theoretically, and at 70 per cent efficiency equals 191 horse power or 143 k.w.
Example: If it is required to lift the above water through the pipe line at 100 ft., the efficiency of this pipe line being 60 per cent, the horse power will be the same as before, 273 on scale No. 7 connecting this point to 60 pumping on scale No. 6, find actual h.p. required 455 on scale No. 3.
Solution: The theoretical horse power will be the same as before, 273 on scale No. 7 connecting this point to 60 pumping on scale No. 6, find actual h.p. required 455 on scale No. 3. STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM
WATER PUMP GENERAL VIEW
Diagram showing a straight line diagram of a water pump, with various dimensions and measurements marked on it.
Diagram showing a straight line diagram of a water pump, with various dimensions and measurements marked on it.
Explanation of Diagram No. 23
Steel Pipe Line
This diagram is used for estimating the thickness and weight of riveted steel pressure pipe. Example: What is the weight per ft. of 36 in. lap riveted pipe $\frac{1}{2}$ in. thick and what head will it sustain with factor of safety 4? Solution: Connect 36 on scale No. 1 to 8 on scale No. 4 and find weight per foot, scale No. 2 = 243 lb. and head in feet scale No. 6 = 627.
A page from a technical manual explaining the use of a diagram for estimating the thickness and weight of riveted steel pressure pipe.
STRAIGHT PIPE DIAGRAM
STEEL PIPE LINES
THICKNESS STEEL
MANUFACTURED & POOLED, LOS ANGELES, CAL Copyright © 1928 by MANUFACTURE & POOLED, LOS ANGELES, CAL Thesources of data used in this diagram are the results of field tests on August 7, 1928 at the Los Angeles Plant of MANUFACTURE & POOLED.16 Explanation of Diagram No. 24
Flow of Water in Pipes
Coefficient $n = .09$ for metal pipe absolutely smooth and straight; coefficient $n = .01$ for cast iron and welded pipe in good condition.
This diagram gives the loss in friction in pipes of diameter from 4 m. to 150 m. when carrying various water rates: the time each given is equal to 1/40 second foot or 40 miner's inches = 1 sec. ft.
Example 1: It is required to determine the diameter of a cast iron pipe to carry 10 second ft. or 400 miner's inches of water when laid on a grade of 2 ft. per 1000. Coefficient $n = .01$.
Solution: Connect 10 on scale No. 1 to 2 on scale No. 3 and find diameter of pipe 21% in. on scale No. 5, also the velocity of the water equals 4 per sec. at this point. At a grade of 2 ft., per 125 ft., to 24 in. how much water will flow at same grade?
Example 3: At what grade would a 24 in. pipe have to be laid to carry 10 sec. ft. coefficient $n = .01$ as above? Answer—11 ft. per 1000.
| Coefficient $n = .09$ for metal pipe absolutely smooth and straight; coefficient $n = .01$ for cast iron and welded pipe in good condition. | This diagram gives the loss in friction in pipes of diameter from 4 m. to 150 m. when carrying various water rates: the time each given is equal to 1/40 second foot or 40 miner's inches = 1 sec. ft. |
| Example 1: It is required to determine the diameter of a cast iron pipe to carry 10 second ft. or 400 miner's inches of water when laid on a grade of 2 ft. per 1000. Coefficient $n = .01$. | Solution: Connect 10 on scale No. 1 to 2 on scale No. 3 and find diameter of pipe 21% in. on scale No. 5, also the velocity of the water equals 4 per sec. at this point. At a grade of 2 ft., per 125 ft., to 24 in. how much water will flow at same grade? |
| Example 3: At what grade would a 24 in. pipe have to be laid to carry 10 sec. ft. coefficient $n = .01$ as above? Answer—11 ft. per 1000. |
STRAIGHT-LINE-DIAGRAM
No 24
FLOW OF WATER IN PIPES
MANUFACTURED BY MANIFOLD & PIPED. LOS ANGELES CAL.
600 M
FRACTION HANDS PER 1000 FEET. SCAFFOLDING
DIA OF PIPE INCHES
SCALING IN INCHES
DIAMETER - FEET FLOW
| DIA OF PIPE | SCALING IN INCHES |
|---|---|
| 3/4 | 5 |
| 1 | 7 |
| 1-1/2 | 8 |
| 2 | 9 |
| 2-1/2 | 10 |
| 3 | 11 |
| 3-1/2 | 12 |
| 4 | 13 |
| 4-1/2 | 14 |
| 5 | 15 |
| 5-1/2 | 16 |
| 6 | 17 |
| 6-1/2 | 18 |
| 7 | 19 |
| 7-1/2 | 20 |
| 8 | 21 |
| 8-1/2 | 22 |
| 9 | 23 |
| 9-1/2 | 24 |
| 10 | 25 |
VARIABLE VELOCITY HEAD FT
PER FOOT FOR EACH SPEED PER FEET SECOND
PER FOOT FOR EACH SPEED PER FEET SECOND
PER FOOT FOR EACH SPEED PER FEET SECOND
PER FOOT FOR EACH SPEED PER FEET SECOND Explanation of Diagram No. 25
Flow of Water in Pipes
Coefficient $n = 0.01$, for steel pipe carefully coated inside with asphaltum in good alignment.
Coefficient $n = 0.012$, for wood-stave pipe in good condition of first number capacity filled.
This diagram shows loss in friction per foot of water. See diagram No. 24 for example illustrating method of working.
A diagram showing the flow of water through pipes with different coefficients of friction.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM
FLOW OF WATER IN PIPES
MANFIELD & POOLE,
ENGINEERS,
LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Image of a straight line diagram with various scales and measurements.
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBON STEEL
PERIODIC HEAD PER FOOT, CARBONE
Explanation of Diagram No. 25
Flow of Water in Pipes
Coefficient $n = .013$ for wood-stave pipe Coefficient $n = .014$ for light steel riveted pipe
This diagram gives loss in friction in pipe of diameter 4 in. to 150 m. when carrying various quantities of water.
See diagram No. 24 for examples illustrating method of working. STRAIGHT PIPE DIAGRAM
FLOW OF WATER IN PIPES
N° 26
Image of a straight pipe diagram with various scales and measurements.
CROSS SECTION SQ FT
DIA. OF PIPE IN"
CROSS SECTION SQ FT
DIA. OF PIPE IN"
WATER PRESSURE PSI
SCANDY FLOW GALLONS PER MINUTE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
COMPANY 1928-61. MANIFOLD & PIPED. LOS ANGELES, CAL. SPEED & FLOW CHART VELOCITY FT PER SEC VELOCITY FT PER MINUTE VELOCITY FT PER HOUR VELOCITY FT PER DAY VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FT PER MONTH VELOCITY FT PER WEEK VELOCITY FT PER YEAR VELOCITY FLOW METER COMPANY 1928-61. MANIFOLD & PIPED. LOS ANGELES, CAL. SPEED & FLOW CHARTCROSS SECTION SQFT
DIA. OF PIPE IN"
CROSS SECTION SQFT
DIA. OF PIPE IN"
WATER PRESSURE PSI
SCANDY FLOW GALLONS PER MINUTE
COMPANY 1928-61. MANIFOLD & PIPED. LOS ANGELES, CAL. SPEED & FLOW CHARTCROSS SECTION SQFT
DIA. OF PIPE IN"
CROSS SECTION SQFT
DIA. OF PIPE IN"
WATER PRESSURE PSI
SCANDY FLOW GALLONS PER MINUTE Explanation of Diagram No. 27
Flow of Water in Pipes
Coefficient $n = 0.015$ for lap-riveted steel pipe up to $\frac{3}{4}$ in. thick. Coefficient $n = 0.016$ for lap-riveted steel pipe from $\frac{3}{4}$ in. thick and up.
This diagram gives loss in friction in pipe of diameter 4 in to 150 in. when carrying various quantities of water. See diagram No. 24 for examples illustrating method of working.
A diagram showing flow of water through pipes with different diameters and coefficients of friction.
A graph with a scale from 0 to 300 on the left axis and from 0 to 15 on the right axis. The x-axis labels are 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000. The y-axis labels are 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95.
STRAIGHT-LINE DIAGRAM
FLOW OF WATER IN PIPES
No.27
FRICTION HEAD PER FOOT FLOW (FEET) = \frac{f}{D} \times \frac{V^2}{2g} \times L
\text{CHARGE FOR CHARTS} $1.25$ EACH
MANIFOLD & PODEL ENGINEERS LOS ANGELES, CAL.
1 Explanation of Diagram No. 28
Flow of Water in Pipes
Coefficient $n = .07$ for triple riveted but-joint steel pipe up to $\frac{3}{8}$ in. thick. Coefficient $n = .08$ for triple riveted but-joint steel pipe from $\frac{3}{8}$ in. thick and up.
This diagram gives loss in friction in pipe of diameter 4 m. to 150 m. when carrying various quantities of water.
See Diagram No. 24 for examples illustrating method of wording.
A diagram showing the flow of water through pipes with different coefficients of friction.
A ruler with measurements in inches and feet, ranging from 0 to 15 inches and 0 to 15 feet.
STRAIGHT TUBE DIAGRAM
FLOW OF WATER IN PIPES
N° 26
S10-U
210-U
CROSS TIE WOOD, 30' L.
CROSS TIE WOOD, 30' L.
MANIFOLD & POOLE, LOS ANGELES, CALI.
1 Explanation of Diagram No. 29
Flow of Water in Pipes
Coefficient $n = .019$ for heavy lap-joint steel pipe in poor condition. Coefficient $n = .02$ for heavy butt-joint steel pipe in poor condition. This diagram gives less loss in friction in pipe of diameter 4-in. to 150-in. when carrying various quantities of water. See diagram No. 24 for examples illustrating method of working.
A diagram explaining flow of water in pipes with coefficients for different conditions.
STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM
No. 29
FLOW OF WATER IN PIPES
PER FEDERAL FORMULA
Image of a straight line diagram with various scales and measurements.
CROSS SECTION WATERSHIP
DIA OF PIPE NOZZLE
MANUFACTURED BY MANIFOLD & PIDDLE LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of a ruler with various measurements and a scale at the bottom.
Image of an arrow pointing to "VELOCITY HEAD" on top right corner, indicating velocity head measurement.
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PER SECOND
Velocity Head, ft. PERSECOND Explanation of Diagram No. 30
Wood-Stave Pipe Lines
This diagram is used for designing wood-stave pipe and estimating quantities of material required. Scale No. 1 is the outside diameter which has been taken when calculating the bands required, as the pressure extends on the outside. The size and number of staves required are found directly on scale No. 2. For instance a 48 in. diameter pipe would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 staves, as the outside diameter would require 29 stoves
| 1 TR | 600 | 1 TR | 300 | 1 TR | 600 | 1 TR | 300 | 1 TR | 600 | 1 TR | 300 | 1 TR | 600 | 1 TR | 300 | 1 TR | 600 | 1 TR | 300 |
| H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | H.D. IN P.C.T. | |||||||||||
| PRES PRES N.P.O.U.S. |
A straight line diagram labeled "STRAIGHT LINE DIAGRAM No. 80 WOOD-STAVE PIPE LINES" with various measurements and scales.
COMPANY'S OWN BY MANFELDO & POOLE LOS ANGELES, CAL
A close-up view of the bottom right corner of the diagram showing a scale for pipe sizes and a scale for pipe lengths. The text "SIZE A WHIPEND OF STAVES" is visible near the bottom center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the top left corner of the diagram showing a scale for pipe diameters in inches (ID). The text "D D DIAMETER PIPE, INCHES = 1/2" is visible near the top center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the top right corner of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "PRES PRES N.P.O.U.S." is visible near the top center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the bottom left corner of the diagram showing a scale for pipe diameters in inches (OD). The text "OD DIAMETER PIPE, INCHES = 1/2" is visible near the bottom center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle right side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "DISTANCE CEN. TO CENT RIGGING BANDS, INCHES" is visible near the middle center of the diagram.
A close-up view of the middle left side of the diagram showing a scale for pipe lengths in feet (F.L.). The text "WIDTH OF PIPE, NO. 757 POUSS" is visible near
Explanation of Diagram No. 31.
Flow of Water Over Sharp-Edged Weirs
This diagram solves Bazin's formula for the discharge per foot in length over sharp-edged vertical weirs, without end contraction.
Examples: Find quantity of water flowing over a weir 10 ft. high, 10 ft. wide, depth water over weir 3 ft.
Solution: Connect 3, scale No. 1, to 10, scale No. 2, and find second feet per foot of weir, scale No. 2 = 17.5 second feet multiplied by 10 ft. = 175 second feet. STRAIN-LOVE DIAGRAM NO. 31 FLOW OF WATER OVER SHARP-EDGED WEIRS
A diagram showing a flow chart with various measurements and labels.
CUTTER & CO., MANIFOLD & POOLE, CONSTRUCTION, DALLAS
A ruler with measurements in inches and millimeters, ranging from 0 to 15 inches (0 to 38 cm).
Flow of Water in Canals and Flumes
This diagram is based on Kutter's formula.
In designing a canal or flume first determine the value for coefficient n and turn to the proper diagram found on this coefficient table. Then assume a proportion of depth to bottom width of 4:3 and find the slope of sides and the depth constant from the table which are used as follows:
No. 1 is second feet flow multiplied by section constant; No. 2 is third feet flow multiplied by section constant; No. 3 is fourth feet flow multiplied by section constant.
By applying radius as found on scale No. 2, multiply the hydraulic radius as found on scale No. 3, and divide by the depth of water in feet.
For plaster one part cement, three parts sand, n = 0.011.
Example: A canal carry 100 feet per second. Slope of sides constructed in earth has to be designed. Slope of sides must be 2.1 ratio depth to bottom width 1.2. Velocity will be 25 ft. per second, to find the dimension of the canal and slope on which it will have to run.
Solution: Turn to diagram No. 36 in which the canal is being designed under conditions of n = 0.011.
By applying the above conditions and n = 0.011, depth constant 162 Connect 100 = 86 on scale No. 4, which is the slope that must be given to the canal, and also read 0.008 on scale No. 5, which is the hydraulic radius which multiplied by the depth constant 1.62 equals 3.16 ft. depth of water.
The ratio of depth to bottom width equals slope of sides is 2:1, the surface of the water will be found at 18.86 wide.
| No. | Scale | Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Scale No. 2 | Section Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Scale No. 3 | Section Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Scale No. 4 | Slope Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Scale No. 5 | Hydraulic Radius | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Scale No. 6 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | Scale No. 7 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | Scale No. 8 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | Scale No. 9 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | Scale No. 10 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | Scale No. 11 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | Scale No. 12 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | Scale No. 13 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | Scale No. 14 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | Scale No. 15 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | Scale No. 16 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | Scale No. 17 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | Scale No. 18 | Depth Constant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | Scale No. 19 | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | Water Depth (ft.): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|