nasa-ibm-ai4science/euv-spectra

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Solar EUV Spectra Modeling Dataset

Dataset Summary

This dataset provides time-aligned Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance spectra from NASA’s SDO/EVE (Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment) instrument. This dataset enables machine learning models to learn from and predict EUV spectral behavior driven by solar dynamics. It addresses the need for high-resolution, calibrated spectral data paired with physics-based contextual input. It is designed for image-to-spectra regression modeling, and includes 1,343-dimensional EUV spectrum spanning ~6.5–33.3 nm (with a 0.02 nm spectral resolution and 12-minute cadence). The dataset covers May 2010 to May 2014 (Solar Cycle 24, from MEGS-A operational period). The primary source of the dataset is the SDO/EVE Level 2b data product which contains 60-second integrations of extracted solar EUV irradiance in selected lines spanning a wide range of solar temperature measured by the MEGS-A and MEGS-B detectors. These observations are downsampled to 12-minute cadence. This dataset particularly contains MEGS-A data. The Level 2b irradiance data are adjusted to 1-AU. Each MEGS-A irradiance observation is represented as a one-dimensional vector with 1,343 bins. These measurements are strictly positive and span a dynamic range of 1e-9 to 1e-1 W/m^2/nm, depending on the feature and flare class. Both quiet-Sun and flare periods are included. The list of wavelengths are provided in euv_wavelengths.csv. The dataset is primarily structured for machine learning experiments with splits designed for consistent training, validation, and testing across available years.

Supported Tasks and Applications

• Regression modeling: Predicting EUV spectra from coronal images (e.g., SDO/AIA)
• Time-series forecasting: Modeling spectral evolution across Solar Cycle 24
• Inverse modeling: Connecting spectral observations to physical parameters (e.g., Differential Emission Measures)
• Space weather applications: Improved EUV proxy models for ionospheric/thermospheric modeling

Data Structure

Data Files

Each dataset split is stored in tabular format (csv). Each row corresponds to a single timestamped spectrum with 12-minute cadence.

• train.csv: Instances from Feb 15 to Dec 31 in each year between 2010–2014
• validation.csv: Instances from Jan 15–31 from years 2012 and 2013
• test.csv: Instances from Jan 15–31 from years 2011 and 2014
• leaky_validation.csv: Instances from Jan 1–14 and Feb 1-14 of each year between 2010–2014

Features

• timestamp: UTC datetime string (ISO 8601 format)
• [intensity columns]*1,343: spectral irradiance (W/m²/nm) at a given wavelength bin (e.g., 7.21)

Dataset Details

Field	Description
Temporal Coverage	May 2010 – May 2014
Data Format	CSV (.csv)
Data Shape	(1, 1343) per instance
Cadence	12 minutes
Data Size	Total 189,344 instances
Total File Size	~3.2GB

Authors

• Shah Mohammad Bahauddin, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder. [email protected]

Citation

Woods, T. N., Eparvier, F. G., Hock, R., Jones, A. R., Woodraska, D., Judge, D., ... & Viereck, R. (2012). Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of science objectives, instrument design, data products, and model developments. The solar dynamics observatory, 115-143, doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6

Woodraska, D., & Eparvier, F. G. (2024). Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE): Version 8 science data product Release Notes, LASP / University of Colorado Boulder Technical Document. https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/products/level2b/EVE_L2B_V8_README.pdf