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10561647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Schaare	Harry Schaare	Harry Schaare (May 23, 1922 – April 9, 2008) was an American painter whose work has primarily served the book cover and magazine illustration markets. Schaare was born in the Jamaica area of New York City. Early on he studied architecture at New York University. He was a pilot with the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. In 1947 he graduated from Pratt Institute. He did illustrations for Boys Life, Sports Illustrated, Reader's Digest, Aviation Week and several other magazines. He was the artist for a broad array of book covers in a wide variety of genres. In 1975, he got into western art galleries, and then in 1981, moved to Arizona to continue his art. External links Harry Schaare page on American Art Archives Web site References 1922 births 2008 deaths 20th-century American painters American male painters 21st-century American painters United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II New York University alumni Pratt Institute alumni 20th-century American male artists
3584712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20d%27Amboise	Charlotte d'Amboise	Charlotte d'Amboise (born May 11, 1964) is an American actress and dancer. She has played starring roles in musical theatre, and has been nominated for two Tony Awards and won the Los Angeles Ovation Awards for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for Chicago. She has also appeared in films. Early life Charlotte d'Amboise was born in New York City, the daughter of Jacques d'Amboise, a ballet dancer and choreographer, and Carolyn George, a ballet dancer and photographer. She has a twin sister, Catherine. Her older brother is ballet dancer and choreographer Christopher d'Amboise. Career Musical theatre D'Amboise made her Broadway debut in the musical Cats in 1984 as Cassandra, where she met her future husband, performer Terrence Mann. She also performed in the role of Chris Hargensen in the ill-fated 1988 musical Carrie. She frequently has played the role of Roxie Hart in Chicago, first heading the 1997 national tour and later joining the Broadway revival cast in 1999. She has appeared in productions of the musical every year since 2001. In 2001, she replaced Karen Ziemba in Contact. In early 2005, d'Amboise replaced Christina Applegate in the Boston leg of the pre-Broadway tour of the revival of Sweet Charity, as well as the first few weeks of previews on Broadway, following a foot injury sustained by Applegate that nearly cancelled the production. Once Applegate returned to the role in New York, d'Amboise remained as her standby while simultaneously performing the role of Roxie Hart in Chicago. She appeared in the 2006 Broadway revival of A Chorus Line as Cassie, earning a Tony Award nomination. She originated the role of Fastrada in the 2013 Broadway revival of Pippin, alongside her husband Terrence Mann, who played Charles. Film Her film credits include The In Crowd (1988), American Blue Note (1989), Just Off the Coast (1992) and The Preacher's Wife (1996). She appears as herself in Every Little Step (2008), a documentary about the 2006 Broadway revival of A Chorus Line. In 2012, she appeared in Frances Ha, directed by Noah Baumbach. On television, she has appeared in the Kennedy Center Honors (1989, 1995 and 2002), Law & Order (2001), One Life to Live (2009), and a videotaped performance of the Broadway musical Contact (2002). She has also appeared in several made-for-TV movies, including Alone in the Neon Jungle (1988), Lost in the Bermuda Triangle (1998) and Galyntine (2014). Stage appearances Awards and nominations Personal life She has been married to Terrence Mann since January 20, 1996. They have two daughters, Josephine (born in 2002) and Shelby (born in 2003). They both starred in musicals Cats, Jerome Robbins' Broadway and the 2013 Broadway revival of Pippin. References External links Charlotte d'Amboise at Internet Off-Broadway Database Q&A: Charlotte d'Amboise Official Website for Carrie The Musical American female dancers Dancers from New York (state) American musical theatre actresses American film actresses Actresses from New York City Charlotte d'Amboise 1964 births Living people 20th-century American actresses American twins 21st-century American actresses American people of Irish descent American people of French-Canadian descent
54225628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20H.%20Hecht	Michael H. Hecht	Michael H. Hecht is a research scientist, associate director for research management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Haystack Observatory, and former deputy project director of the Event Horizon Telescope. He served as lead scientist for the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer instrument on the Phoenix Mars lander, and as principal investigator for the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE) instrument on the Mars 2020 rover. Career Hecht obtained an A.B. in Physics from Princeton University, an MS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1982. Hecht joined the staff of California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in 1982, where he researched microelectromechanical systems, surface and interface science, scientific instrument development, and planetary science. He co-invented the Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy system and published several highly-cited papers on metal-semiconductor interfaces, for which he received the newly-renamed Lew Allen Award for Excellence in 1990. At JPL, as the supervisor of the Microdevices Laboratory's In-Situ Exploration Technology Group, he developed the concept for the Deep Space 2 micro-landers, which flew to Mars in 1999. He was later named the project manager, co-investigator, and project scientist for the Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment (MECA) instrument for the cancelled Mars Surveyor 2001 mission. The MECA instrument was later flown as the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer on the Phoenix mission to Mars in 2007, with Hecht as lead scientist and co-investigator, and was instrumental in the discovery of perchlorate in Martian soil. Based on that work, Hecht published highly-cited papers on the chemistry of Martian soil and the existence of water on Mars. After almost 30 years at JPL, Hecht was appointed as an associate director of MIT's Haystack Observatory. In 2014, the MOXIE instrument, for which Hecht is the principal investigator, was selected as one of the instruments on the Perseverance rover for the Mars 2020 mission. In 2019, Hecht was one of the scientists awarded the 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for his work with the Event Horizon Telescope to produce the first image of a supermassive black hole. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American physicists Jet Propulsion Laboratory faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology staff Mars 2020 Planetary scientists Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Princeton University alumni Stanford University alumni
21788614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echiabhi%20Okodugha	Echiabhi Okodugha	Echiabhi Okodugha (born 10 December 1988) is a Nigerian footballer. Career Okodugha was playing earlier active for Nigeria Pepsi Football Academy and later with F.C. Ebedei in Nigeria. In 2006, he signed a professional contract with Finnish Veikkausliiga team KuPS, here played in two years forty-two games and scores four goals. He left KuPS for league rival RoPS on 20 February 2009. References External links Calcio Lastampa Profile 1988 births Living people Nigerian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Pepsi Football Academy players F.C. Ebedei players Kuopion Palloseura players Rovaniemen Palloseura players IFK Mariehamn players Pallo-Iirot players Salon Palloilijat players Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Finland Expatriate men's footballers in Finland Nigerian expatriate men's footballers Veikkausliiga players Kakkonen players Bollklubben-46 players
45065485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%20Brand	Aaron Brand	Aaron Brand (born June 14, 1975) is a Canadian retired ice hockey center. He attended Lambton College, 1994-96. He lives in Sarnia, Canada. Junior career Brand had a successful junior career culminating in the 1995–96 OHL season. In that season, he was the league leading scorer, was OHL second team all-star, and was named the league's best overall player. He recorded 46 goals and 119 points during the 1995-96 season, earning the Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy. He played for Team Canada in the 1997 Maccabiah Games in Israel. Professional career Brand never played in the NHL, but played in over 300 games in the American Hockey League for the St. John's Maple Leafs. Brand also spent time in the Austrian Hockey League, International Hockey League (1945–2001), United Hockey League, West Coast Hockey League, and East Coast Hockey League. Awards and honours Career statistics References External links 1975 births Living people Arkansas RiverBlades players Bakersfield Condors (1998–2015) players Canadian ice hockey centres Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL) players Competitors at the 1997 Maccabiah Games HC TWK Innsbruck players Jewish Canadian sportspeople Jewish ice hockey players Maccabiah Games competitors by sport Maccabiah Games competitors for Canada Port Huron Beacons players Sarnia Sting players St. John's Maple Leafs players Place of birth missing (living people)
52879674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Athelstane%20%281941%29	SS Athelstane (1941)	Athelstane was a tanker that was built in 1941 as Empire Flint by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend, Northumberland, United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was sold to Athel Line Ltd in 1945 and renamed Athelstane. She was sold to Skibs A/S Vaholm in 1952 and renamed Oakley. Sold to H A Moller A/S in 1959, she served until 1962 when she was scrapped. Description The ship was built in 1941 by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend, Northumberland, United Kingdom. She was yard number 1601. The ship was long overall ( between perpendiculars), with a beam of . She had a depth of and a draught of . She was assessed at , , . The ship was propelled by a 629 nhp triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of 26½ inches (60 cm), and diameter by stroke. The engine was built by Swan, Hunte & Wigham Richardson. It drove a single screw propeller. The engine could propel the ship at a speed of . History The ship was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend, Northumberland, United Kingdom for the MoWT. She was launched on 29 March 1941 and completed in August 1941. The Code Letters BCKS and United Kingdom Official Number 165814 were allocated. Her port of registry was London. She was operated under the management of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co. Ltd. Empire Flint departed from the Tyne on 29 August 1941 to join Convoy EC 66, which had sailed from Southend, Essex the previous day and arrived at the Clyde on 2 September. She left the convoy at Loch Ewe on 1 September and sailed to New York, United States, where she arrived on 19 September. Laden with avgas, Empire Flint sailed on 27 September for Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, arriving two days later. She departed on 5 October with Convoy HX 153, which arrived at Liverpool, Lancashire on 19 October. She left the convoy and arrived at the Clyde on 17 October. Empire Flint sailed on 1 November to join Convoy ON 32, which departed from Liverpool that day and arrived at Halifax on 16 November. Her destination was Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, which was reached on 23 November. Laden with a cargo of petrol, Empire Flint sailed the next day for Halifax, arriving on 3 December. She sailed with Convoy HX 164 on 8 December. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on 23 December. Empire Flint arrived at the Belfast Lough that day. Empire Flint sailed on 31 December to join Convoy ON 52, which had departed from Liverpool that day and dispersed at sea on 11 January 1942. She arrived at Halifax on 17 January. Laden with petrol, she returned with Convoy HX 174, which sailed on 7 February and arrived at Liverpool on 21 February. Empire Flint was a member of Convoy OS 21, which sailed from Liverpool on 4 March and arrived at Freetown, Sierra Leone on 24 March. She was in ballast and bound for Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, which was reached on 26 March. She sailed two days later for Takoradi, Gold Coast, where she arrived on 15 April. Empire Flint sailed on 18 April for Lagos, Nigeria, arriving the next day. She departed on 23 April for Trinidad, which was reached on 10 May. A cargo of petrol was loaded. Sailing five days later, she arrived at Freetown on 28 May. Empire Flint sailed on 4 June with Convoy SL 112, which arrived at Liverpool on 23 June. She left the convoy at the Belfast Lough on 22 June, sailing the next day with Convoy BB 190, which arrived at Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire the next day. Her destination was Avonmouth, Somerset, which was reached on 25 June. Empire Flint sailed on 27 June for Barry, Glamorgan, arriving two days later. She departed on 14 July and arrived at Milford Haven on 16 July. She sailed that day to join Convoy ON 113, which departed from Liverpool on 17 July and arrived at Halifax on 31 July. She was carrying 9,000 tons of fresh water and 9 passengers. She was bound for New York. Empire Flint sailed from the Hampton Roads on 13 August with Convoy KS 530, which arrived at Key West, Florida on 18 August. She sailed on 21 August with Convoy WAT 16, which arrived at Trinidad on 31 August. She arrived at Curaçao on 20 August. She loaded a cargo of petrol. Empire Flint was a member of Convoy AH 3, which sailed on 2 September and arrived at Halifax on 10 September. She departed the next day with Convoy HX 207, which arrived at Liverpool on 25 September. Empire Flint was a member of Convoy ON 137, which sailed from Liverpool on 9 October and arrived at New York on 29 October. She sailed on 2 November for New Orleans, Louisiana, where she arrived on 10 November. She later sailed to Pilottown, Louisiana, from where she departed on 16 November with Convoy PK 119, which arrived at Key West on 19 November. She then joined Convoy KG 613, which sailed that day and arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba on 23 November. Empire Flint was a member of Convoy GZ 13, which departed on 24 November and arrived at Cristóbal, Colón, Panama on 27 November. Shen sailed to Balboa, from where she departed on 28 November for Cape Town, South Africa, arriving on 30 December. Empire Flint spent the first quarter of 1943 sailing independently. She departed from Cape Town on 4 January for East London, where she arrived on 8 January. She sailed ten days later for Cape Town, arriving on 19 January. Empire Flint sailed on 22 January for Takoradi, Gold Coast, arriving on 7 February and sailing two days later for Lagos, Nigeria. She arrived on 11 February and sailed for Marshall, Liberia six days later. Empire Flint sailed on 24 February for Trinidad, where she arrived on 10 March. She joined Convoy TAG 48, which sailed on 15 March and arrived at Guantanamo Bay on 20 March. She then joined Convoy GN 48, which sailed that day and arrived at New York on 28 March. Empire Flint was carrying a cargo of petrol. She joined Convoy HX 232, which sailed on 1 April and arrived at Liverpool on 16 April. Empire Flint departed on 30 April with Convoy ON 181, which arrived at New York on 18 May. She could not maintain and left the convoy at and headed for the Clyde, where she arrived on 2 May. She sailed on 6 May to join Convoy ON 182, which had sailed from Liverpool that day and arrived at New York on 22 May. Empire Flint sailed on 3 June for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, arriving later that day. She sailed three days later and arrived back at New York on 8 June. Carrying avgas, Empire Flint joined Convoy HX 244, which departed on 15 June and arrived at Liverpool on 30 June. She left the convoy at the Belfast Lough on 29 June and joined Convoy BB 304, which sailed that day and arrived at Milford Haven on 1 July. Her final destination was Swansea, Glamorgan where she arrived that day. Empire Flint departed from Swansea on 6 July and arrived at Milford Haven the next day. She sailed on 8 July to join Convoy ON 192, which sailed from Liverpool on 9 July and arrived at New York on 22 July. She then joined Convoy NG 376, which sailed from New York on 26 July and arrived at Guantanamo Bay on 2 August. Empire Flint then joined Convoy GAT 78, which departed that day and arrived at Trinidad on 8 August. She left the convoy at Curaçao on 6 August, sailing on 10 August to join Convoy GAT 79, which had departed from Guantanamo Bay on 7 August and arrived at Trinidad on 13 August. Empire Flint joined Convoy TAG 79, which departed on 17 August and arrived at Guantanamo Bay on 22 August. She then joined Convoy GN 79, which sailed that day and arrived at New York on 29 August. Carrying petrol and paraffin, she sailed on 2 September with Convoy HX 255, which arrived at Liverpool on 16 September. She left the convoy and put into Loch Ewe, where she arrived on 15 September. Empire Flint joined Convoy WN 480, which sailed on 16 September and arrived at Methil, Fife on 18 September. She then joined Convoy FS 1224, which sailed that day and arrived at Southend, Essex on 20 September. Empire Flint departed from Southend on 24 September with Convoy FN 1134A, which arrived at Methil on 25 September. She left the convoy at the River Tyne that day, sailing on 1 October to join Convoy FN 1140, which had departed from Southend on 30 September and arrived at Methil on 2 October. She then joined Convoy EN 289, which sailed that day and arrived at Loch Ewe on 4 October. Empire Flint joined Convoy ON 205, which sailed from Liverpool on 5 October and arrived a New York on 23 October. She arrived at Philadelphia that day. She sailed on 30 October for New York, arriving the next day. Carrying petrol, Empire Flint joined Convoy HX 264, which sailed that day and arrived at Liverpool on 17 November. She sailed on to Milford Haven, arriving on 18 November and then joining Convoy WP 433, which sailed that day and arrived at Portsmouth, Hampshire on 20 November. She left the convoy at Brixham, Devon, arriving on 20 November. Empire Flint departed from Brixham on 22 November to join Convoy PW 434. On paper, the convoy had departed from Portsmouth on 21 November and arrived at Milford Haven on 23 November. However, Empire Flint was the only ship in the convoy. She arrived at Falmouth, Cornwall on 23 November. She sailed on 2 December to join Convoy PW 439. Like Convoy PW434, she was the only ship in the convoy, which was scheduled to have departed from Portsmouth on 1 December. She arrived at Milford Haven on 3 December. She sailed on 8 December to join Convoy ON 215, which departed from Liverpool on 9 December and arrived at New York on 28 December. Empire Flint arrived at Philadelphia that day.Empire Flint departed from Philadelphia on 1 January 1944 for the Hampton Roads, where she arrived the next day. She then joined Convoy UGS 29, which sailed on 5 January and arrived at Alexandria, Egypt on 31 January. She left the convoy at Casablanca, Morocco, where she arrived on 22 January. Empire Flint sailed on 27 January to join Convoy OS 65, which had formed at sea on 26 January and arrived at Freetown on 6 February. She then joined Convoy STL 11, which departed on 9 February and arrived at Takoradi on 13 February. She sailed on to Accra, Gold Coast, arriving the next day. Empire Flint departed on 16 February for Takoradi, arriving the next day. She sailed on 29 February for Lagos, where she arrived on 2 March. She departed with Convoy LTS 13 on 12 March, which arrived at Freetown on 19 March. Empire Flint left the convoy at Takoradi on 14 March and then sailed to Freetown and Trinidad, arriving on 31 March. She joined Convoy TAG 125, which departed on 3 April and arrived at Guantanamo Bay on 7 April. She left the convoy and put into Curaçao, where she arrived on 5 April, sailing four days later for Guantanamo Bay, where she arrived on 12 April. Empire Flint then joined Convoy GN 126, which departed on 13 April and arrived at New York on 20 April. Carrying gasoil and benzene, she departed with Convoy HX 289 on 27 April and arrived at Liverpool on 13 May. She sailed on to Swansea, arriving the next day.Empire Flint then sailed to Barry, Glamorgan, from where she joined Convoy EBC 20 which departed on 23 June and arrived at the Seine Bay on 25 June. She returned to British waters with Convoy FBC 13, which departed on 29 June and arrived in the Bristol Channel on 1 July. She put into Barry, from where she departed on 27 July with Convoy EBC 54, which arrived in the Seine Bay on 29 July. She then sailed to Portland, Dorset, from where she joined Convoy EBC 81 on 24 August. That convoy had departed from Barry on 23 August and arrived at the Seine Bay on 25 August. Empire Flint was probably a member of Convoy FBC 73, which departed from the Seine Bay on 4 September and arrived in the Bristol Channel on 6 September. She arrived at Swansea on 6 September and then sailed to Barry. She departed on 26 September with Convoy EBC 115, which was bound for the Seine Bay. Empire Flint left the convoy and arrived at Hamble, Hampshire on 27 September. She sailed two days later to join Convoy FBC 97, which had departed from the Seine Bay that day and arrived in the Bristol Channel on 1 October. She arrived at Swansea that day. Empire Flint sailed for Milford Haven on 7 October, arriving later that day.Empire Flint sailed on 8 October to join Convoy ON 258, which had departed from Southend on 6 October and arrived at New York on 24 October. Carrying diesel and cased petrol, she returned with Convoy HX 317, which sailed on 30 October and arrived at Liverpool on 13 November. Empire Flint left the convoy and sailed to Southend, arriving on 13 November. She sailed the next day with Convoy FN 1541, which arrived at Methil on 16 November. She left the convoy and arrived at Salt End, Yorkshire on 15 November. She sailed five days later to join Convoy FS1641, which had departed from Methil on 19 November and arrived at Southend on 21 November. She then joined Convoy ON268, which sailed on 23 November and arrived at New York on 10 December. Carrying petrol, Empire Flint sailed on 8 January 1945 with Convoy HX 331, which arrived at Liverpool on 22 January. She left the convoy and arrived at the Clyde on 22 January. She sailed on 3 February with Convoy JW 64, which arrived at the Kola Inlet on 15 February. Her destination was Molotovsk, where she arrived that day. Empire Flint departed from the Kola Inlet on 23 February with Convoy RA 65, which arrived at Loch Ewe on 1 April. She arrived at the Clyde that day and sailed two days later for Liverpool, where she arrived on 3 April.Empire Flint departed on 12 April with Convoy ON 296, which arrived at New York on 30 April. Carrying petrol, she returned with Convoy HX 354, which sailed on 3 May and arrived at Liverpool on 15 May. On 22 May, she sailed to join her final convoy, ON 304, which had departed from Southend on 21 May and arrived at New York on 5 June. She sailed to the Delaware Capes, departing on 9 June for Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France, where she arrived on 25 June. She sailed four days later for Cape Henry, Virginia, United States, arriving on 15 July. Empir Flint then sailed to Swansea, where she arrived on 16 August. She departed on 23 August for Hamburg, Germany, arriving on 27 August. She left Hamburg on 30 August and is known to have departed from the Tyne on 8 October and Curaçao on 29 October. In 1945, Empire Flint was sold to Athel Line Ltd and was renamed Athelstane, the fourth ship of that name. She was operated under the management of the United Molasses Co Ltd. In 1952, she was sold to Skibs A/S Vaholm, Kristiansand, Norway and was renamed Oakley. Her port of registry was Kristiansand and the Code Letters LALH were allocated. She was operated under the management of Holmen & Vaboen. In 1957, she was owned and operated by Holmens Rederi A/S & Vaboens Rederi A/S, Kristiansand. Oakley'' was sold in 1959 to Harald A. Moller A/S, Oslo and operated under the management of Torvald Klaveness, Oslo. She was scrapped in February 1962 by Eckhardt & Co, Hamburg, West Germany. References External links Photograph of Empire Flint 1941 ships Ships built on the River Tyne Empire ships Ministry of War Transport ships Tankers of the United Kingdom Merchant ships of the United Kingdom Tankers of Norway Merchant ships of Norway
25259546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20the%20Beatles	List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles	The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With a lineup that consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group has been regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in popular music history. The group received various awards and nominations during their career as a band, and has received more since their break-up. Academy Awards The Academy Awards, commonly known as the "Oscars", are a set of awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually for excellence of cinematic achievements. !Ref. \|- \|1971 \|Let It Be \|Best Music (Original Song Score) \| \| American Music Awards The American Music Awards have been awarded annually since 1973 and determined by a poll of music buyers. The Beatles have received one nomination, plus one special award determined by an Internet poll. \|Ref: \|- \| 1997 \|Anthology 1 \|Favorite Pop/Rock Album \| \| \|- Awit Awards The Awit Awards are music awards in the Philippines given annually by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI) to recognize the outstanding achievements in the music industry. The Beatles won one award. \|- \| 1969 \|The Beatles \|Vocal Group of the Year - Foreign \| \|- Billboard Music Awards The Billboard Music Awards honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by Billboard. The awards are based on sales data by Nielsen SoundScan and radio information by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011. \|- \| rowspan=3\|2001 \| 1 \| Album of the Year \| \|- \| rowspan=2\|The Beatles \| Albums Artist of the Year \| \|- \| Duo/Group Albums Artist of the Year \| Brit Awards The Brit Awards, originally known as the BPI Awards, were created by the British Phonographic Industry. The Beatles have received four awards. (The initial awards covered the 25-year period from 1952 to 1977. Since 1982, the awards have been an annual event.) \|- \|rowspan="4"\|1977 \|"She Loves You" \|British Single of the Year \| \|- \|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band \|British Album of the Year \| \|- \|rowspan="3"\|The Beatles \|British Group \| \|- \|rowspan="2"\|Outstanding Contribution to Music \| \|- \|1983 \| \|- Echo Music Prize The Echo Music Prize, established in 1992, are held annually and are granted by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie. The Beatles have received two nominations. \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 2001 \| rowspan="2" \| The Beatles \| rowspan="2" \| Best International Group \| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 2007 \| \|- Fryderyk The Fryderyk is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the Związek Producentów Audio Video, the IFPI Poland, since 1994. The Beatles have received one nomination. ! \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 2006 \| Love \| Best Foreign Album \| \| Grammy Awards The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in the United States. The Beatles have received seven competitive awards out of 23 nominations (excluding special awards or awards for individuals). Also, John Lennon and Paul McCartney won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for "Michelle" in 1967, and all four members of the Beatles received an award for Let It Be for Best Original Score Written for A Motion Picture or A Television Special in 1971. The Beatles were also credited as performers in the Grammy Award for Best Surround Sound Album for Love in 2008 won by the engineers and producers although the Beatles were ineligible for the awards. ! \|- \| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\| 1965 \| "I Want to Hold Your Hand" \| Record of the Year \| \| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| rowspan="2"\|"A Hard Day's Night" \| Best Contemporary Song \| \|- \| Best Performance by a Vocal Group \| \|- \| The Beatles \| Best New Artist \| \|- \| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\| 1966 \| rowspan="2"\|"Help!" \| Contemporary Rock & Roll Group Vocal Performance \| \| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| Vocal Group Performance \| \|- \| Help! \| Album of the Year \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| 1967 \| Revolver \| Album of the Year \| \|- \| "Michelle" \| Song of the Year \| \|style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"\| 1968 \| rowspan="4"\|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band \| Album of the Year \| \| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| Best Contemporary Album \| \|- \| Group Vocal Performance \| \|- \| Contemporary Vocal Group \| \|- \|"A Day in the Life" \|Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) \| \|- \| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\| 1969 \| Magical Mystery Tour \| Album of the Year \| \| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| rowspan="2"\|"Hey Jude" \| Record of the Year \| \|- \| Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| 1970 \| rowspan="2"\|Abbey Road \| Album of the Year \| \|- \| Contemporary Vocal Group \| \|- \| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\| 1971 \| "Let It Be" \| Record of the Year \| \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Let It Be \| Contemporary Vocal Group \| \|- \| Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture \| \| style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 1996 \| Live at the BBC \| Best Historical Album \| \| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\| \|- \| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\| 1997 \| The Beatles Anthology \| Best Music Video, Long Form \| \|- \| rowspan="2"\|"Free as a Bird" \| Best Music Video, Short Form \| \|- \| Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| 2008 \| rowspan="2"\|Love \| Best Compilation Soundtrack Album \| \|- \| Best Surround Sound Album \| \|- \|2011 \|\|The Beatles (The Original Studio Recordings) \|Best Historical Album \| \| \|- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is presented to those who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording. The Beatles won the award in 2014. \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 2014 \| The Beatles \| Lifetime Achievement Award \| \|- Grammy Trustees Award The Grammy Trustees Award is presented to individuals who, during their careers in music, have made significant contributions, other than performance, to the field of recording. The Beatles won the award in 1972. \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 1972 \| The Beatles \| Trustee Award \| \|- Grammy Hall of Fame The Grammy Hall of Fame was established by The Recording Academy's National Trustees in 1973 to honor recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance that are at least 25 years old. \|- \|1993 \|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band \|rowspan="2" \|Inductee Album \| \|- \|1995 \|Abbey Road \| \|- \|1997 \|"Yesterday" \|rowspan="2" \|Inductee Song \| \|- \|1998 \|"I Want to Hold Your Hand" \| \|- \|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1999 \|Revolver \|Inductee Album \| \|- \|"Strawberry Fields Forever" \|Inductee Song \| \|- \|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\|2000 \|The Beatles \|rowspan="3" \|Inductee Album \| \|- \|Rubber Soul \| \|- \|A Hard Day's Night \| \|- \|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|2001 \|"Hey Jude" \|rowspan="1" \|Inductee Song \| \|- \|Meet the Beatles! \|Inductee Album \| \|- \|2002 \|"Eleanor Rigby" \|rowspan="4" \|Inductee Song \| \|- \|2004 \|"Let It Be" \| \|- \|2008 \|"Help!" \| \|- \|2011 \|"Penny Lane" \| \|- Ivor Novello Awards The Ivor Novello Awards are presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA). The Beatles' songs were awarded fourteen times, while the group has received a Special Award. \|- \|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\|1964 \|rowspan="2" \|"She Loves You" \|The Most Broadcast Work of the Year \| \|- \|The 'A' Side of the Record Issued in 1963 Which Achieved the Highest Certified British Sales \| \|- \|"All My Loving" \|The Year's Outstanding Song \| \|- \|The Beatles \|Special Award for Outstanding Services to British Music \| \|- \|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"\|1965 \|"Can't Buy Me Love" \|rowspan="2" \|The Most Performed Work of the Year \| \|- \|"A Hard Day's Night" \| \|- \|"Can't Buy Me Love" \|rowspan="2" \|The 'A' Side of the Record Issued in 1964 Which Achieved the Highest Certified British Sales \| \|- \|"I Feel Fine" \| \|- \|"A Hard Day's Night" \|The Year's Outstanding Theme from Radio, TV or Film \| \|- \|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\|1966 \|"We Can Work It Out" \|rowspan="2" \|The 'A' Side of the Record Issued in 1965 Which Achieved the Highest Certified British Sales \| \|- \|"Help!" \| \|- \|"Yesterday" \|Outstanding Song of 1965 \| \|- \|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\|1967 \|"Michelle" \|rowspan="2" \| The Most Performed Work of the Year \| \|- \|"Yesterday" \| \|- \|"Yellow Submarine" \|The 'A' Side of the Record Issued in 1966 Which Achieved the Highest Certified British Sales \| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|1968 \|"She's Leaving Home" \|Best British Song, Musically and Lyrically \| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|1969 \|"Hey Jude" \|The 'A' Side of the Record Issued in 1968 Which Achieved the Highest Certified British Sales \| \|- \|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1970 \|"Get Back" \|The 'A' Side of the Record Issued in 1969 Which Achieved the Highest Certified British Sales \| \|- \|"Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da" \|The Most Performed Work of the Year \| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|1971 \|"Something" \| Best Song Musically and Lyrically \| \|- Japan Gold Disc Awards The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) presents the Japan Gold Disc Awards, honoring music sales in the country. The Beatles have received twelve awards. \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|1994 \|The Beatles \|International Artist of the Year \| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|1997 \|Anthology Vol.1 & 2 \|International Album of the Year \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|2001 \| The Beatles \|International Artist of the Year \| \|- \|1 \|Best 4 Albums \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1994 \|The Beatles \|International Artist of the Year \| \|- \|1962–1966 \|Best International Rock Album \| \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\| 2010 \|rowspan="2"\|The Beatles \|rowspan="2"\|International Artist of the Year \| \|- \|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" \|2016 \| \|- \| rowspan="3" \|1 \|International Album of the Year \| \|- \|Best 3 Albums \| \|- \|Best Music Video \| \|- MOJO Awards The MOJO Awards was a British award show given by music magazine Mojo. \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|2010 \| The Beatles Remastered \|Catalogue Release Of The Year \| \|- Meteor Music Awards Launched in 2001, the Meteor Music Awards are awarded for achievements in the Irish and international record industry. The Beatles has received one award. \|- \| 2001 \| 1 \| Best Selling International Group Album \| MTV Video Music Awards The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) is an award show by the cable network MTV to honor the top music videos of the year. It was first held at the end of the summer of 1984, and originally was an alternative to the Grammy Award in the video category. The Beatles have received one award out of two nominations. \|- \| 1984 \| The Beatles \| Video Vanguard Award \| \|- \| 1996 \| "Free as a Bird" \| Best Special Effects in a Video \| NME Awards The NME Awards is an annual British award show given by music magazine NME. The Beatles have won seventeen times. \|- \| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\|1963 \| rowspan="2" \|The Beatles \|World Vocal Group \| \|- \|British Vocal Group \| \|- \|"She Loves You" \|Best British Disc Of The Year \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1964 \| rowspan="2" \|The Beatles \|Outstanding Vocal Group \| \|- \|British Vocal Group \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1965 \| rowspan="2" \|The Beatles \|World Vocal Group \| \|- \|British Vocal Group \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1966 \|"Eleanor Rigby" \|Best British Disc This Year \| \|- \|The Beatles \|British Vocal Group \| \|- \| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"\|1968 \| rowspan="2" \|The Beatles \|World Vocal Group \| \|- \|British Vocal Group \| \|- \|"Hey Jude" \|Best British Disc Of The Year \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1970 \|Let It Be \|1970s Best British LP \| \|- \|The Beatles \|Top British Group \| \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|1971 \|Let It Be \|1970s Best British LP \| \|- \|rowspan="2" \|The Beatles \|Top British Group \| \|- \|2000 \|Best Band Ever \| \|- Q Awards The Q Awards are a British annual awards held by music magazine Q, established in 1990. The Beatles have won one time. \|- \| style="text-align:center;"\|1996 \| Anthology 1 \|Best Reissue/Compilation \| \|- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1983 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll. The Beatles were inducted in 1988. Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr have all been inducted individually. \|- \| 1988 \| The Beatles \|Honored Artist \| \|- UK Music Hall of Fame The UK Music Hall of Fame was an awards ceremony to honour musicians for their lifetime contributions to music in the United Kingdom. The first ceremony inducted five founder members selected by committee of music experts, one for every decade since the 1950s. The Beatles were awarded for the 1960s. \|- \| 2004 \| The Beatles \|Founding member \| \|- Vocal Group Hall of Fame The Vocal Group Hall Of Fame was founded in 1997 to honor the greatest vocal groups of all time who have achieved worldwide recognition by way of their recordings, television appearances and other entertainment media. The Beatles were inducted in 2004. \|- \| 2004 \| The Beatles \|Honored Artist \| \|- World Music Awards The World Music Awards, established in 1989, are held annually and honour worldwide sales figures. The Beatles have received two competitive awards and the Diamond Award, given to recording artists who have sold over 100 million albums throughout their career. \|- \| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| 2001 \| rowspan="2" \|The Beatles \|World's Best Selling Pop Rock Artists/Group \| \|- \|World's Best Selling British Artist \| \|- \|2008 \|The Beatles \|Chopard Diamond award \| \|- See also List of awards and nominations received by Paul McCartney List of awards and nominations received by George Harrison References Awards Lists of awards received by British musician Lists of awards received by musical group
19820494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20merchandising	Cross merchandising	Cross merchandising is the retail practice of marketing or displaying products from different categories together, in order to generate additional revenue for the store, sometimes also known as add-on sales, incremental purchase or secondary product placement. Its main objective is to link different products that complement each other or can logically be used in association. This strategy also aims to improve overall customer experience by allowing them to pick up related goods at the same place instead of having to spend time searching for them. Forms Cross merchandising generally exists in several forms: Displays Displays involve exhibiting a series of related products which together offers a complete package or solution to the customer's needs. This technique explicitly demonstrates the way multiple different products displayed complement and interact with each other. Common examples include a clothing store featuring outfits and accessories ensemble on a mannequin, or a department store presenting a full set of furniture and electronics in a showcase window. Secondary placements Secondary placements or merchandising are carried out by showing products of different categories to the same shelf, pegs or aisle. This enables customers to link the related products at the time of purchase, saving their time of travelling down another aisle or luring them into buying additional items that they would not have done otherwise. This strategy is most typically realised in supermarkets where Italian bread can be found directly in front of the butter and margarine aisle. Link suggestions Link suggestions or redirections describe the attempt of e-commerce platform to encourage additional purchases by displaying a link to complementary goods on the page of a specific product. The advantages of this online product placement approach are the absence of physical constraints and the ability to tailor product suggestions according to individual consumption history. The use of the section titled "Customers who bought this item also bought..." on the online shopping website Amazon.com is an illustration of link suggestions and how they can constantly adjust with transaction patterns. Products An effective cross merchandising programme creates a linkage between the products involves to appeal to customers, and the source of that correlation differs depending on the products themselves. The products being displayed often change over time. Stores regularly adjust merchandise according to season, sales target, consumption pattern and many other factors to maximize impact. A common type of product used in cross merchandising is complementary goods, which are products that are consumed in conjunction with one another. Electronics and batteries as well as printers and ink cartridges are examples of products that exhibit complementary properties for customers to connect. Pairing products that offsets the unwanted effects of another is also a conventional strategy often found in cross merchandising. Examples include placing chewing gums next to cigarettes and putting toothpaste beside chocolates and sweets. Applications The technique of cross merchandising is not exclusively introduced by supermarkets and department stores. Examples can be found in a wide range of markets, as brands explore new markets and boost sales by cross merchandising their products with each other's. Markets that frequently adopt cross merchandising include: Food and beverage Household goods – electronic devices and appliances, and furniture Fashion and beauty – clothing, footwear, cosmetics, and personal products Supplies – stationery, paper and plastics products Entertainment – television, music, games, and live performances References Marketing techniques Merchandising Retail display Retail processes and techniques
13551457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%20Gunning	Hy Gunning	Hyland Gunning (August 6, 1888 – March 28, 1975) was a professional baseball player. He appeared in Major League Baseball (MLB) briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the 1911 season. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. A native of Maplewood, New Jersey, he was signed by Boston out of the Princeton University. In a four-game major-league career, Gunning had a .111 batting average (1-for-9) with two runs batted in (RBIs). Defensively as a first baseman, he recorded 25 put-outs and no assists, without any errors, for a 1.000 fielding percentage. Gunning died in Togus, Maine, at age 86. References Sources Boston Red Sox players Major League Baseball first basemen People from Maplewood, New Jersey Baseball players from Essex County, New Jersey Princeton Tigers baseball players 1888 births 1975 deaths Worcester Busters players Montreal Royals players
16735999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal%20electrical%20rhythm	Basal electrical rhythm	The basal or basic electrical rhythm (BER) or electrical control activity (ECA) is the spontaneous depolarization and repolarization of pacemaker cells known as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the smooth muscle of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. This electrical rhythm is spread through gap junctions in the smooth muscle of the GI tract. These pacemaker cells, also called the ICCs, control the frequency of contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. The cells can be located in either the circular or longitudinal layer of the smooth muscle in the GI tract; circular for the small and large intestine, longitudinal for the stomach. The frequency of contraction differs at each location in the GI tract beginning with 3 per minute in the stomach, then 12 per minute in the duodenum, 9 per minute in the ileum, and a normally low one contraction per 30 minutes in the large intestines that increases 3 to 4 times a day due to a phenomenon called mass movement. The basal electrical rhythm controls the frequency of contraction but additional neuronal and hormonal controls regulate the strength of each contraction. Physiology Smooth muscle within the GI tract causes the involuntary peristaltic motion that moves consumed food down the esophagus and towards the rectum. The smooth muscle throughout most of the GI tract is divided into two layers: an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer. Both layers of muscle are located within the muscularis externa. The stomach has a third layer: an innermost oblique layer. The physical contractions of the smooth muscle cells can be caused by action potentials in efferent motor neurons of the enteric nervous system, or by receptor mediated calcium influx. These efferent motor neurons of the enteric nervous system are cholinergic and adrenergic neurons. The inner circular layer is innervated by both excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons, while the outer longitudinal layer is innervated by mainly excitatory neurons. These action potentials cause the smooth muscle cells to contract or relax, depending on the particular stimulation the cells receive. Longitudinal muscle fibers depend on calcium influx into the cell for excitation-contraction coupling, while circular muscle fibers rely on intracellular calcium release. Contraction of the smooth muscle can occur when the BER reaches its plateau (an absolute value less than -45mV) while a simultaneous stimulatory action potential occurs. A contraction will not occur unless an action potential occurs. Generally, BER waves stimulate action potentials and action potentials stimulate contractions. The interstitial cells of Cajal are specialized pacemaker cells located in the wall of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. These cells are connected to the smooth muscle via gap junctions and the myenteric plexus. The cell membranes of the pacemaker cells undergo a rhythmic depolarization and repolarization from -65mV to -45mV. This rhythm of depolarization-repolarization of the cell membrane creates a slow wave known as a BER, and it is transmitted to the smooth muscle cells. The frequency of these depolarizations in a region of the GI tract determines the possible frequency of contractions. In order for a contraction to occur, a hormone or neurocrine signal must induce the smooth muscle cell to have an action potential. The basal electrical rhythm allows the smooth muscle cell to depolarize and contract rhythmically when exposed to hormonal signals. This action potential is transmitted to other smooth muscle cells via gap junctions, creating a peristaltic wave. The specific mechanism for the contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract depends upon IP3R calcium release channels in the muscle. Calcium release from IP3 sensitive calcium stores activates calcium dependent chloride channels. These chloride channels trigger spontaneous transient inward current which couples the calcium oscillations to electrical activity. Frequency The number of action potentials during the plateau of a particular BER slow wave can vary. This variation in action potential generation does not impact the frequency of waves through the GI tract, only the strength of those contractile waves. Factors that impact gastric motility Gastrin - Stimulates increased contraction force and motility in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. CCK - Suppresses motility in the stomach and duodenum Additionally, CCK stimulates secretion of PPY and inhibits the secretion of ghrelin. PPY - inhibition of upper GI tract motility GLP-1 - Functions as an "Ileal Brake" to inhibit upper GI tract motility when the distal gut is exposed to unabsorbed nutrients. Slows gastric emptying to promote nutrient absorption. Distension of the stomach increases motility of the stomach. Distension of the duodenum inhibits stomach motility in order to prevent the over filling of the duodenum. Presence of fat, low pH, and hypertonic solutions cause a decrease in motility of the stomach. Sympathetic nervous system innervation inhibits gastric motility. Parasympathetic nervous system innervation stimulates gastric motility. Rate and motility are also dependent upon the meal composition. Meals that are solid and contain a greater macronutrient composition require slower and more forceful contraction in order to extract the maximum amount of nutrients throughout the GI tract. The cells that respond to and secrete these substances include I cells and K cells in the proximal small intestine, whose stimulation is dependent on nutrient exposure and entry into the duodenum, and L cells in the distal small intestine and colon which are stimulated by unabsorbed nutrients and gastric emptying. The frequency of the BER, and thus the contractions, changes throughout the GI tract. The frequency in the stomach is 3 per minute, while the duodenum is 11 to 12 per minute and the ileum is 9 per minute. The colon can have a BER frequency between 2 and 13 per minute. The electrical activity is oscillatory, so that the BER has peaks and valleys when graphed over time. See also Neurogastroenterology References Digestive system Electrophysiology
60372176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kholodnyi%20Yar	Kholodnyi Yar	Historical events The first written mention of the Kholodnyi Yar belongs to historians who described the battles of Lithuanian and soldiers of Kievan Rus' with the Horde in 1363-1367 on the “Blue Water”. Due to the dangerous proximity of the Wild Field, the incessant attacks of nomadic tribes, these lands were uninhabited for a long time. Individual fortress cities and well-fortified monasteries for centuries were the only settlements from Kaniv and Cherkasy to the Dnipro rapids. Haidamaka uprisings In the 30s of the XVIII century, the Kholodnyi Yar Sich was organized in Kholodnyi Yar. This forest became the main base of the haidamaks for decades. Literature Енциклопедія українознавства : Словникова частина : [в 11 т.] / Наукове товариство імені Шевченка ; гол. ред. проф., д-р Володимир Кубійович. — Париж—Нью-Йорк : Молоде життя, 1955—1995. Джулай, Дмитро. Живі образи українського села: віднайдено унікальний фотоархів Івана Литвина // Радіо «Свобода», 12 грудня 202 Довідник з історії України / за ред. І. З. Підкови, Р. М. Шуста. — К. : Генеза, 2001. — . Ушета І. І. Стежками Холодного Яру. Київ, 1988; Дубрава Ю. У Холодному Яру знову б'є цілюще джерело // Нова доба. — 2001. — 28 груд. — С.2; Лебідь І. У центрі п'яти ярів — колиска нашої волі // Нова доба. — 1999. — 2 лист. — с.4-5; Лисенко С. Холодний Яр стане національним парком // Молодь Черкащини. — 2000.- 16 листоп. — С.12 Морозов А. Г. Холодний Яр // Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України. — К. : Наукова думка, 2013. — Т. 10 : Т — Я. — С. 408-410. — 784 с. : іл. — . Негода М. Холодний яр: роман. К.: Рад. письменник, 1971; Книга Юрія Горліс-Горського про Холодноярську Республіку «Холодний Яр». Вєтров, О. В. Таємниця Холодного Яру. Невідома війна: національний рух опору у 1940-1950-х роках [Текст] / О. В. Вєтров. — Черкаси: Вертикаль ; Видавець Кандич С. Г., 2009. — 266 с. Geography of Cherkasy Oblast Forests of Ukraine
53682990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mom%20and%20Dad%20%282017%20film%29	Mom and Dad (2017 film)	Mom and Dad is a 2017 black comedy horror film written and directed by Brian Taylor. Starring Nicolas Cage and Selma Blair, the film premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, and was theatrically released on January 19, 2018 by Momentum Pictures. A joint British and American production, the film underperformed at the box office but received generally positive reviews from critics. Plot A mother in a suburban town puts on music for her child as she sets her car on railroad tracks and leaves the child in the car to die. The Ryans are a family of four with a strained relationship. Brent, the father, does not approve of his daughter Carly's new boyfriend Damon. He is also going through a slight mid-life crisis that has him working on his sportscar in the garage. Carly considers her mother Kendall out of touch, fights with her younger brother Joshua, and is currently upset about canceling plans with her boyfriend because her grandparents are coming to visit. Kendall is trying to find hobbies that occupy her time such as taking fitness classes. She's also anticipating the delivery of her sister's new baby. While Carly is at school, radios and TV screens suddenly start transmitting unexplained static. The effect is seen as the Ryans' housekeeper murders her own daughter in front of a terrified Joshua. Meanwhile, a mob of parents rushes to Carly's school to kill their children. When the students see one classmate being stabbed by his mother with her car keys after he scales a fence to reach her, the students scatterthough many die at the hands of their parents. Carly escapes with her friend Riley. They reach Riley's house, where Carly watches television reports of the mass hysteria, confirming that the static is compelling parents across the U.S to slaughter their children; Dr. Oz is interviewed, telling people how it compares to savaging in pig populations. Upstairs, Riley's mother strangles her. Carly runs home in terror and finds Damon, whose father earlier tried to kill him with a broken bottle but accidentally cut his own throat. Damon accompanies Carly into the house to get Joshua somewhere safe. Kendall goes to the hospital where her sister Jeannie is giving birth, but the static transmits on a delivery room monitor, causing Jeannie to attempt to kill her newborn daughter as Kendall tries to save her. Kendall escapes the hospital and heads home. Seeing Carly at home with Damon, the hysteria overtakes Brent and he knocks Damon out and attacks Carly. Kendall joins him when she gets home. Carly and Joshua lock themselves in the basement and Brent and Kendall use a Sawzall to get through the door. Joshua pulls out Brent's gun and fires through the door, wounding his mother. Kendall and Brent, bonding over their shared filicidal desire, run a hose from their oven's natural gas line to the basement to poison the kids. When Carly sees what is happening, she rigs up a trap with matches at the door and hides with Joshua in the ventilation system. Brent cuts the lock off and opens the door, igniting the gas and triggering an explosion that knocks both parents out and awakens Damon. Damon helps Carly and Joshua evade their parents, but Kendall awakens and knocks Damon out again. As the parents close in on their kids, the doorbell rings. When Brent opens the door, his own filicidal parentsMel and Barbaratry to kill him. Everyone chases one another through the house: Joshua evades Brent, who attempts to hide from his father in the garage; Kendall chases Carly and hits her on the head before her mother-in-law knocks her out. Brent starts the car and crashes it, killing his parents and knocking himself out. Kendall prepares to finish Carly off, but Damon knocks her out with a shovel. Kendall and Brent wake up to find themselves restrained in the basement with Carly, Joshua, and Damon watching them. They continue to exhibit symptoms of the hysteria, and the kids refuse to let them go. Kendall tearfully tells the children she loves them, and the film ends mid-sentence of Brent stating: "But sometimes we just want to—". Cast In addition, Mehmet Oz has a cameo appearance as himself. Production The film is a joint United Kingdom, United States production. On February 12, 2016, Nicolas Cage was set to star in the film and June 22, 2016 saw Selma Blair sign on. Principal photography began in July 2016, and took place in Louisville, Kentucky. Release The film premiered in the Midnight Madness section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2017, and was theatrically released by Momentum Pictures on January 19, 2018. Reception Box office With a limited release, Mom and Dad grossed $286,313 at the box office, against a budget of $4 million. Critical response Adam White of The Daily Telegraph gave the 4/5 stars, saying that it was "Both a torrid exploitation cinema throwback, and a metaphor for a generation of kids screwed over by their elders." Tara Brady of The Irish Times also gave it 4/5 stars, writing: "Think back on the most unhinged screen moments of Nicolas Cage's career... Multiply all these scenes together and you still can't match the awesome lunacy of Nic Cage killing a pool table in the delightfully delirious Mom and Dad." Simran Hans of The Observer gave it 3/5 stars, writing: "Almost ugly ultra-HD, a dated dubstep soundtrack and ketchup-splatter special effects might make a lesser film less appealing, but here these lowbrow touches work to Mom and Dad's advantage." Bruce DeMara of the Toronto Star gave it 3.5/4 stars, calling it "a madly satisfying mélange of suspense and comedy, though perhaps not recommended for family viewing." Charlotte O'Sullivan of the Evening Standard called it "a hilarious, knowing bit of schlock about a plague that turns parents into predators", and wrote: "Mom and Dad is like Andrey Zvyagintsev's Loveless but with more dead people and far fewer trees." Barry Hertz of The Globe and Mail gave it 1.5/4 stars, writing: "Nicolas Cage does crazy like no one else, but his descent into insanity here - not too far from how his character acts at the beginning of the film, really - can't elevate Taylor's juvenile take on adulthood." Kevin Maher of The Times gave it 2/5 stars, saying that its social satire was "briefly compelling", but added: "The 'joke' soon wears thin, however, and the film, with few actual ideas to express, resorts to slapdash plotting and dead-end gore." Rex Reed of The New York Observer gave it 0/4 stars, writing: "With an agonizing rupture of craft and common sense, it showcases a performance of screaming, over-the-top hysteria by Nicolas Cage that must be seen to be fully believed, but that is not a recommendation." Director John Waters named the film as the fourth best of 2018. References External links 2017 films 2017 comedy horror films 2017 independent films 2010s English-language films American comedy horror films American independent films British comedy horror films British independent films Filicide in fiction Films directed by Brian Taylor Films shot in Louisville, Kentucky Vertigo Films films 2010s American films 2010s British films
7949622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20nitrate	Mercury nitrate	Mercury nitrate can refer to: Mercury(I) nitrate, Hg2(NO3)2 Mercury(II) nitrate, Hg(NO3)2
34237718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Chico%20Goerne	Luis Chico Goerne	Luis Chico Goerne (1892–1960) was a Mexican lawyer. 20th-century Mexican lawyers 1892 births 1960 deaths Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico People from Guanajuato
28909801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucoptera%20adenocarpella	Leucoptera adenocarpella	Leucoptera adenocarpella is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae that is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. References Leucoptera (moth) Moths described in 1871 Moths of Europe
6326267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth%20Roberts	Gareth Roberts	Gareth Roberts may refer to: Gareth Roberts (physicist) (1940–2007), British physicist, engineer, and President of Wolfson College, Oxford Gareth Roberts (rugby union) (born 1959), Welsh rugby player Gareth Roberts (writer) (born 1968), British television writer Gareth Roberts (footballer) (born 1978), Welsh football player Gareth Roberts (statistician) (born 1964), British professor and Director of the Centre for Research in Statistical Methodology at University of Warwick Gareth Roberts (co-driver) (1987–2012), Welsh rally co-driver See also Garreth Roberts (born 1960), English footballer
17578794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keimi%20of%20the%20Maldives	Keimi of the Maldives	Al-Sultan Keimi Kalaminjaa Siri Madheenee Suvara Maha Radun (Dhivehi: އައްސުލްޠާން ކެއިމި ކަލަމިންޖާ ސިރީ މަދީނީ ސުވަރަ މަހާރަދުން) was the Sultan of Maldives from 1268 to 1269. He was the 12 sultan to ascend the throne of Maldives from the Lunar dynasty. He was also the son of Aidage Maavaa Kilege (Dhivehi: އައިދަގެ މާވާކިލެގެ) daughter of Fathahiriya Maavaa Kilege (Dhivehi: ފަތަހިރިޔާ މާވާކިލެގެ). References 1269 deaths Year of birth unknown 13th-century sultans of the Maldives
1632238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahul%20Sharma	Rahul Sharma	Rahul Sharma may refer to: Rahul Sharma (actor), Indian actor Rahul Sharma (Gujarat police), Indian police officer Rahul Sharma (Hong Kong cricketer) (born 1960), Hong Kong cricketer Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986), Indian cricketer Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1996), Indian cricketer Rahul Sharma (musician) (born 1972), Indian musician
40585225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraena%20ophis	Muraena ophis	The scientific name Muraena ophis is a synonym of either of two species of eel: Muraena ophis Linnaeus, 1758 is now Ophichthus ophis (Linnaeus, 1758) Muraena ophis Rüppell, 1830 is now Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789)
13203606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prerow	Prerow	Prerow is a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. This Baltic seaside resort on the Darß peninsula is located about halfway between the historic Hanseatic towns of Rostock and Stralsund. It is one of three main settlements on the Darß, the others being the villages of Born and Wieck. Prerow has fine, sandy beaches and a picturesque landscape. It is hard to say where the forest ends and the village begins. The primeval Darß Forest has over 50 km of footpaths and cycle ways, a bridleway and tracks for horse-drawn carriages. West of the forest is West Beach with rugged terrain formed by wind and waves. South of Prerow is the bodden countryside. Visitors can take trips on a steam paddle boat and experience wildlife first-hand, nesting areas and various birds as the seasons change. The seaside resort of Prerow is located within the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park which stretches from Ahrenshoop along the southern coast to the island of Hiddensee. Prerow itself was a fishing village, but has now been a seaside resort for over 130 years. Thanks to its varied climatic environment with the sea, meadows, forest and reeds, combined with good water quality, it was always recognised as a health spa. In 1998, the Minister of Social and Economic Affairs officially recognized the village as a seaside and health resort. Sights The village of Prerow, with over 1,600 inhabitants, has become the largest village on the Darß. Its typical thatched roof cottages are well-preserved and have long given the village a serene charm. Prerow boasts the oldest lighthouse in Germany; it celebrated its 160th anniversary in 2008. The other famous landmark, the "Seafarers' Church", is over 280 years old. It is the oldest building on the Darß peninsula, and was built in 1726/28. It is also the oldest Lutheran church in the region. It hosts Evangelical-Lutheran and Roman Catholic services as well as art exhibitions, guided tours, classical concerts and other special events. The Darß Museum was founded in 1953 and various events are held here during the summer months. The museum displays the culture of the region, dominated by its countryside by the sea. Its exhibition contains information about geological history, traditional sailing boats, typical architectural style, flora and fauna. On Fridays, members of staff speak to all guests in the traditional local language, Low German. History of tourism After the great storm surge of 1872, an intense development of tourism began. Within a few years the number of visitors had risen enormously. The publican, Herrmann Scharmberg, first organized simple swimming facilities. On 12 November 1878 he asked the royal government of Stralsund to establish a Baltic seaside spa. His request was granted. Two years later, in 1880, eighty visitors made their way to the village, which at the time had a population of approximately 1,550. The date is celebrated as the admission of Prerow into the circle of the Baltic resorts. In 2010, Prerow, as the second biggest resort in this region, celebrated 130 years as a seaside resort. Personality related to the place Erich Heckel (1883-1970), painted in summer 1911 in Prerow Dietmar Bartsch (born 1958), politician (The Left), lives in Prerow Sebastian Hämer (born 1979), singer, grew up in Prerow External links official website of Prerow national park References Seaside resorts in Germany
13269634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai%20County	Dai County	Dai County, also known by its Chinese name Daixian, is a county in Xinzhou, Shanxi Province, China. Its county seat at Shangguan is also known as Daixian. The county has an area of and had a population of 178,870 at the time of the 2020 census. The county is the home of the AAAAA-rated Yanmen Pass Scenic Area along the Great Wall, as well as the Bianjing Drum Tower, the Ayuwang Pagoda, and the Zhao Gao Forest Park. Names As is usual in Chinese, the name "Daixian" is used for both the county as a whole and for the county seat at Shangguan. Because the English word "county" only typically describes the area, it's more common to use a transcription of the Chinese form of the name when talking about its seat of government. Dàixiàn is the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese placename written as in traditional characters and as in the simplified characters now used in mainland China. The same name was formerly written as Tai County, Tai Hsien, or Tai-hsien in the Wade-Giles system. The name was most recently bestowed in 1912, during the organization of the Republic of China. The county took its name from its predecessor Daizhou or Dai Prefecture, which had existed since AD585. This name was formerly written as Tai Chou or Tai-chou in Wade-Giles and as Taichow or TaichowSha by the now abandoned Chinese postal romanization system. Daizhou had taken its name from the recently abolished Dai Commandery, despite having never been part of it or the seat of the earlier "Dai" regions. Dai Commandery had been created by the Zhou state of Zhao to organize its northeastern conquests and was based in the former capital of the Beidi Kingdom of Dai. That city's native name was transcribed using the character , now read dài in Mandarin but with an Old Chinese pronunciation that has been reconstructed as . It became known as Daixian as well but was near present-day Yuzhou in Hebei. Its name was used for the rump kingdom of Zhao established by Prince Jia to oppose Qin in the 220sBC; after the fall of Qin, there was a Dai among Xiang Yu's Eighteen Kingdoms and the Han Empire's princely appanages. These included the commanderies of Yunzhong and Yanmen in northern Shanxi along with the old Dai homeland in northwestern Hebei, spreading the name westward into Shanxi. The earlier name for the county had been Guangwu ("Broad-&-Martial"), with its eponymous county seat located southwest of present-day Shangguan. It was also known as Yanmen (after the nearby pass) once the seat of Yanmen Commandery was moved to Guangwu from Yinguan (near present-day Shuozhou, Shanxi) under the Kingdom of Wei during China's Three Kingdoms period. These names followed the posts when they moved to Shangguan under the Northern Wei. It ceased to be called Guangwu in 589 at the creation of Yanmen County; it ceased to be called Yanmen after that county was abolished under the Yuan. The town was also briefly known as Sizhou under the Northern Zhou and early Sui after Si Prefecture was relocated to Shangguan in 579 from its original seat northwest of Xinzhou. Present day villages of New Guangwu and Old Guangwu along with the Guangwu section of the Great Wall are located in adjacent Shanyin County. Geography Dai County's present territory covers . It lies in northeastern Shanxi Province between Taiyuan to the south and Datong to the north, with the Yanmen Pass forming a natural choke point which once controlled access to central Shanxi from the Eurasian Steppe. (The pass is still used by the G208, although the larger Erguang Expressway now passes to its west.) The main river is the Hutuo. Its principal tributaries within the county are the E ( É Hé), the Zhongjie ( Zhōngjiě Hé), the Yukou ( Yùkǒu Hé), the Guangou (t s Guāngōu Hé), and the Qili ( Qīlǐ Hé). The highest points are the Heige Tajian ( Hēigē Tǎjiān; ) and Mantou Mountain (t s Mántoushān; ). Parts of the chains belonging to Mount Heng to the north and Mount Wutai to the east also reach Dai County. Climate History Ancient China Present-day Dai County lies to north of the historic heartland of ancient Chinese civilization in the Fen, Wei, and Yellow River valleys. The Chinese knew their northern neighbors as the Di or "Northern Barbarians". The "White Di" (Baidi) are recorded originating in north Shaanxi west of the Yellow River but had settled in the Hutuo Valley by the 6th centuryBC. The Zhou state of Jin pushed sporadically northward through both invasions and bribery of the Di's ruling class until its disintegration at the end of the Spring and Autumn period. King Yong (posthumously known as the "Wuling" or "Martial-&-Numinous King") of the Jin successor state of Zhao adopted nomad-style clothing, equipment, and cavalry tactics in 307BC; in campaigns in 306 and 304BC overran the Loufan (t s Lóufán) and "forest nomads" ( Línhú) of the Hutuo Valley and the lands to the northwest of the Yanmen Pass, opening up to the Eurasian steppe. He organized these conquests together with Zhao-held Dai as the three commanderies of Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Dai. He protected them by erecting long earthen barricades along what is now considered the Outer Great Wall, as well as a fortress overlooking Yanmen Pass in present-day Dai County. The town of Guangwu, southwest of present-day Shangguan, was established under the Zhao as well. After Qin's conquest of Zhao in 228BC, its Prince Jia tried to reëstablish his family's kingdom in its northern commanderies; this "Kingdom of Dai" was quickly overrun by the Qin general Wang Ben in 222BC, just prior to the reunification of China. Imperial China Under the First Emperor's rule, an administrative overhaul abolished China's former states and provinces, making the relatively small commanderies the highest level of regional government. Zhao's former holdings in northern Shanxi west of MountHeng formed Qin's Yanmen Commandery, with its seat at Shanwu in present-day Youyu County. The frontier walls of the former states, including Zhao's, were merged into the first form of the Great Wall of China. Guangwu was promoted to the seat of its own county, overseeing the parts of present-day Dai County in the Hutuo Valley. This was part of the Taiyuan Commandery under the Qin and Western Han, when it was part of the province of Bingzhou. Under the Eastern Han and Wei, the area was part of Yanmen Commandery, whose seat was at Mayi (present-day Shuozhou). The county seat of Guangwu moved to what is now Shangguan under the Northern Wei. An earthen wall 8 li in circumference was raised to protect the town. It became the seat of Dai Prefecture in 585 during the Sui, eventually taking its name as Daizhou. The prefecture covered parts of the present-day counties of Dai, Fanshi, Wutai, and Yuanping. The Ayuwang Pagoda was also first constructed under the Sui, but suffered repeated fires; the present Tibetan-style dagoba dates to the Yuan. The town was also known as Yanmen during this period, as it was the seat of the Yanmen Commandery. On 11 September 615, the Sui emperor Yang Guang (posthumously known as the Yang or Lazy Emperor) was besieged there by the Eastern Turkish (Tujue) leader Shibi Khan, who was angry about Chinese efforts to weaken and divide his realm. In his distress, Yang Guang promised promotions and rewards to the garrison and those who might rescue him. Credit became muddled, however, when the khan's Chinese wife Princess Yicheng responded to his pleas by sending a false report to her husband about an attack on the Turkish homeland. After the Turks withdrew, the emperor chose to renege on most of his promises; the event built animosity in the Chinese army ahead of the collapse of the Sui. Dai Prefecture was reëstablished under the Tang, who made it part of their Hedong Circuit. In the spring of 623, the Eastern Turkish Jiali Khan and the Chinese rebels Gao Kaidao and Yuan Junzhang (, Yuan Jūnzhāng) jointly besieged the Tang fortress there but were unable to take it. Chinese censuses recorded the district had 36,234 people living in 9,259 households in AD639 and 100,350 living in 21,280 households in 742. From 1369 until about 1375, under the early Ming, Dai Prefecture was briefly reorganized as a county. It was during this time that the present fortifications at Yanmen Pass were constructed, and the earthen walls at Shangguan were given a brick façade. Dai Prefecture was administered under the Ming and early Qing as part of the circuits of Yanmen (t or s Yànmén Dào) or Yanping Yànpíng Dào), but it was directly administered by the provincial government after 1724 until near the end of the dynasty, when it was returned to Yanping Circuit. During the early 20th century, the Ming wall still surrounded the city, with four gates and a deep moat. Daizhou was the site of a Protestant mission run by the Baptist Missionary Society. The nascent Christian community was, however, devastated in 1900 by the Boxer Rebellion and subsequently by the memory of its powerlessness to defend itself. Modern China Following the Xinhai Revolution, the Republic of China reorganized Dai Prefecture as a county in 1912. This was originally under Yanmen Circuit; in 1921, it was placed directly under Shanxi's provincial government. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (WWII), various locations in Dai County saw action during the 1937 Battle of Xinkou. This ended in a Japanese victory but guerrilla actions continued. Following the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, Dai County was placed under Xinzhou Prefecture. In 1958, it was merged with Fanshi County, but this arrangement was ended in 1961. In 2001, the county seat Chengguan (t s Chéngguānzhèn) changed its name to Shangguan and some of Dai County's smaller townships were merged to form larger units. Shangtian and Baicaokou merged to form Yanmenguan; Bata joined Tanshang; Xijiao joined Nieying; Jiaokou joined Xingao; Fenshuiling joined Huyu; and Hujiatan joined Shangmofang. Administrative divisions Since 2001, Dai County has been divided into six towns and five townships: These 11 township-level divisions are in turn divided into eight residential communities and 377 villages (2015). The county seat is at Shangguan, with the main offices located on its East Main Street (t s Dōng Dàjiē). Demographics During the 2010 census, there were 214,091 residents in the county. Tourism Yanmenguan Township is home to the Yanmen Pass Scenic Area, a mountain pass bearing a major fortress along the Great Wall that has been given a AAAAA rating by the China National Tourism Administration. The area has been strategically important and fortified since the Warring States period, although the present works date to the 14th century during the early Ming. Other tourist attractions in Dai County include the Ayuwang or Ashoka Pagoda, a dagoba dating to the Yuan; the Daizhou Confucian Temple (t s Dàizhōu Wénmiào); the Bianjing Drum Tower (t s Biānjìnglóu); the Yang Ancestral Hall (t s Yángjiā Cítáng); the Zhao Gao National Forest Park (t s Zhào Gǎo Guān Guójiā-Jí Sēnlín Gōngyuán); and the Dongduanjing Archeological Site (t s Dōngduànjǐng Yízhǐ). Transportation Buses connecting the county seat Daixian to the East Passenger Station of the provincial capital Taiyuan run about every 30 minutes. Daixian is also connected by daily buses running to Datong's Xinnan Passenger Station. See also Realms of Dai during the Spring & Autumn, Warring States, and Sixteen Kingdoms periods of Chinese history Prince of Dai, an appanage during the Han Notes References Citations Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . External links Official site County-level divisions of Shanxi Xinzhou
34929017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maman-ti	Maman-ti	Mamante or Mamanti ("He Walks-Above", "Sky Walker"), also known as Swan (c. 1835 – July 28, 1875) was a Kiowa medicine man. His name is also translated in several ways, including Man-on-a-Cloud, Sky Walker, Walking Above, or Walks-in-the-Sky. After the head chief Dohäsan died in 1866, naming Guipago, or Lone Wolf the Elder, as his own designated heir and consequently establishing Satanta as the second-ranking chief, Mamanti assumed the role of a war chief, but he got real power when he gained screech owl medicine and became an owl prophet. His rivalry as a medicine man was versus Napawat (No Mocassins), a powerful and influential man friendly to Tene-angopte. Mamanti had two wives. He had several children with both of his wives, and also an adopted settler-born son with red hair named Tehan or Tejan. The Warren wagon train On May 18, 1871, the Warren wagon-train, travelling down the Jacksboro-Belknap road heading towards Salt Creek Crossing, met a large group of riders ahead. Hidden in a thicket of scrub in the Salt Creek Prairie, the Kiowa had observed, without attacking, the transit of Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's inspection retinue.[2] The previous night, Mamanti, had prophesied that this small party would be followed by a larger one with more plunder for the taking, and the warriors let the soldiers go. Only three hours later the 10 mule-drawn wagons filled with army corn and fodder was kept in the ambush, and the warriors destroyed the corn supplies, killing and mutilating seven of the wagoneer's bodies.[3] The Kiowa warriors lost three of their own, but left with 40 mules[4] heavily laden with supplies. Five white men managed to escape, one of which, Thomas Brazeale[5], walked to Fort Richardson, some 20 miles away. Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie, as soon as learned of the incident, informed Sherman. Mamanti wasn't identified as one among the leaders, along with Satanta, Satank and Ado-ete; notwithstanding the intervention of Guipago, with loaded rifles and guns and well ready to fight,[6] they were arrested at Fort Sill. Along the way to Jacksboro, Texas, Satank attempted escape and was killed while traveling to Fort Richardson for trial. Satanta and Ado-ete in 1871 were sentenced to Huntsville prison. After a long and hard dealing with the U.S. Government officers (finally Guipago told the Commissioner that he must consult with Satanta and Ado-ete), in 1872 (Sept. 29) Guipago was allowed to meet his friend Satanta and the young war chief Ado-ete in St. Louis, and only after this he accepted to go to Washington with some other Kiowa, Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Wichita and Delaware chiefs and talk about peace with President Ulysses S. Grant; after Satanta and Ado-ete were temporarily paroled, Guipago led the Kiowa delegation to Washington in September 1872, and got Indian Commissioner E.P. Smith's promise to release the two captives; Guipago was told in Washington the Kiowa had to camp ten miles near Fort Sill by December 15, 1872, and he agreed after having obtained that the two captive chiefs were turned back to their people; Satanta and Ado-ete were definitively released only in September 1873, Guipago having made clear to Indian agent James M. Haworth that his patience was now at its end. Even in the great Guipago's and Satanta's triumph, Mamanti's brightness, still opposed by Napawat and Tene-angopte, was to be obscured by a younger Comanche medicine man, Isa-tai within a couple of years. Adobe Walls and the Red River War On June 27–28, 1874, Mamanti (unlike Guipago, Satanta and Tsen-tainte) didn't take part in the attack against the hidemen and buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls, but, having gone to Texas for a raid in the summer, he joined Guipago and the Comanche leaders during the Red River War, being involved in the Battle of the Upper Washita River, the long-knives attack on Palo Duro Canyon, and later went with Guipago to the Staked Plains. Mamanti surrendered with Guipago at Fort Sill on February 25, 1875. After Guipago's surrender Tene-angopte was charged by the U.S. Army to select the Kiowa prisoners for incarceration at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida, where they would remain until 1879, and Mamanti was one of the 27. Before leaving, the medicine man placed a hex of death on Tene-angopte for his role in naming prisoners to be sent to Fort Marion. There he died on 28 July 1875 from dysentery or, possibly, from venom, not even three months after Tene-angopte’s death. See also Dohasan Satank Guipago Satanta Zepko-ete Tene-angopte Tsen-tainte Ado-ete Notes Kiowa people 1830s births 1875 deaths Year of birth uncertain Folk healers
74584977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald%20Gray	Archibald Gray	Archibald, Arch or Archie Gray may refer to: Archibald Gray (minister) (before 1770–1831), Canadian Presbyterian minister Sir Archibald Gray (dermatologist) (1880–1967), English dermatologist Archie Gray (footballer, born 1887) (1887–1943), Scottish football defender Arch Gray, American state legislator for district 35 in 1965 128th Georgia General Assembly Archie Gray (born 2006), English football midfielder
20104794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraw	Paraw	Paraw (also spelled parao) are various double outrigger sail boats in the Philippines. It is a general term (similar to the term bangka) and thus can refer to a range of ship types, from small fishing canoes to large merchant lashed-lug plank boats (balangay or baloto) with two outriggers (katig) propelled by sails (usually a large crab-claw sail opposite a smaller triangular foresail) Etymology The word paraw (also spelled parao) is a cognate of the terms proa of the Pacific Islands, and perahu or prau of Malay-Indonesia. It refers to outrigger boats propelled by sails (layag). It is a type of bangka, the wider term used for boats (with or without outriggers) in the Philippines. Characteristics The paraw has three major elements that make it a paraw: the bangka (canoe or main hull), the katig (outriggers), and the layag (sails). Motorized versions of bangkas (with outriggers) are commonly known as pump boats and are used for inter-island travel. Paraws can sail between 11 and 17 knots (20~31 km/h). The outriggers (ama), or katig, are made of wood or bamboo, and may be straight or curved upward much like skis. Construction Traditionally these boats have been made from dungon, guisoc, ipil, duca, baslayan, obacya, bayog, Philippine mahogany (lawaan), basa and molave. Modern versions use plywood. The ropes of the boats are traditionally made from abaca (Manila hemp), but are now often synthetic rope. The main hull (excluding outriggers) is called a bangka for dugout canoes or baloto (also balangay, baroto, biroko, biray, etc.) for hulls made of planks secured with lashed lugs. The boat itself may be classified by passenger capacity as isahan ('for one [person]') or duwahan ('for two [persons]'), but the paraw usually has capacity for more than two people, leading to its use in ferrying small groups of passengers and goods between islands. The narrow cross-section of the boat made it sleek, cutting across water without a lot of drag. The two katig or outriggers usually made from bamboo or various kinds of wood and served as counterpoise so that the boat would not easily overturn. They are attached to the boat via tarik (akas). The presence of the outriggers negates the need for a heavy keel and therefore reduces the overall weight of the paraw without sacrificing stability. The layag or main sail may be made of anything from woven mats, cloth, canvas even sack cloth. Traditionally the main sail is similar to a lateen rig or a crabclaw sail and is attached to a vertical and horizontal spar, the sail differs from a traditional lateen rig in that the vertical spar is parallel to the mast and does not suffer from bad tack. The sail's spar may be as long as the mast, unattached and may appear to be longer than the mast when attached to it. There are no guidelines as to how the main sail is shaped but it may approximate an equilateral triangle. The paraw is also equipped with a foresail or jib and adds to the overall surface area and generated thrust derived from the wind. A variation of the paraw with rectangular sails is the vinta. The mast, commonly made of bamboo, is secured by lines attached to, among other things, the outriggers, the fore (and sometimes, the aft) and various parts of the boat. Historically, the mast of smaller paraws was a spear or bangkaw and was a useful part of the ship when conducting raids against other seaside villages. Current uses Balatik In November 2012, a team led by the artisan Gener Paduga, along with the Tao Philippines organization, started building a full-sized paraw sailboat in Palawan. Paduga originally envisioned the project while crewing a sailing yacht from Palawan to Africa. After having witnessed the thriving native sailing traditions in the Indian Ocean, he decided to revive the almost extinct native boat-building and sailing traditions of the Philippines. Sailing ships, which were once used throughout the islands, were in steep decline after engines became widely available in the 1970s. The team consisted of several traditional boat carpenters from the islands of Cagayancillo and Romblon. The boat was constructed entirely using native techniques and also featured intricate designs by two master carvers of the native Palaw'an people. The boat was completed in March 2014 and was officially named the Balatik, after a traditional Filipino constellation (equivalent to Orion's Belt) named after a hunter's trapping device. It is long and at the widest point of the hull. It has two masts with four sails and could be crewed by three or four people. The boat is currently used both for tourism and for educational and social welfare projects of the Tao Kalahi Foundation in Palawan. Paraw Regatta The Paraw Regatta, largest sailboat race in the Philippines and the oldest in Asia, is held annually since 1973. It is a 36.5 kilometer race held in Arevalo district in Iloilo City. Paraw sailing Boracay Island Before Boracay Island became a tourist resort, paraws were used for fishing and transportation of people as well as goods. Paraw sailing these days is a major tourist attraction. Local sailors offer their paraws for island hopping and sunset sailing for a fairly small rental fee. See also Balangay Bigiw Karakoa Pinisi Vinta References External links Indigenous ships of the Philippines Multihulls Outrigger canoes Sailboat types
6715199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Lanka%20Air%20Force	Sri Lanka Air Force	The Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF; ; ) is the air arm and the youngest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. It was founded in 1951 as the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The SLAF played a major role throughout the Sri Lankan Civil War. The SLAF operates more than 160 aircraft and has a projected trained strength of 30,000 airmen and 2000 officers, who are from both regular and reserve service. The Commander of the Air Force is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Air Force who holds the rank Air Marshal. Mission statement The mission statement of the Sri Lanka Air Force is The Vision of the Sri Lanka Air Force is History Although Ceylonese had served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Government of Ceylon adopted the No. 102 Squadron RAF, no air units were formed as part of the Ceylon Defence Force. The newly established Dominion of Ceylon, under its first Prime Minister, D. S. Senanayake began establishing its armed forces. The need for an air force was identified in its defence policy and the Air Force Act was passed in parliament in 1951 in order to establish an air force for the new nation. Royal Ceylon Air Force As such the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) was formed on 2 March 1951 with RAF officers and other personnel seconded to the RCyAF. Ceylonese were recruited to the new RCyAF and several Ceylonese who had served with the RAF during World War II were absorbed in the force. Initial objective was to train local pilots and ground crew with early administration and training carried out exclusively by RAF officers and other personnel on secondment. The first aircraft of the RCyAF were de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunks used as basic trainers to train the first batches of pilots locally while several cadets were sent to Royal Air Force College Cranwell. These were followed by Boulton Paul Balliol T.Mk.2s and Airspeed Oxford Mk.1s for advanced training of pilots and aircrew along with de Havilland Doves and de Havilland Herons for transport use, all provided by the British Government. By 1955, the RCyAF was operating two flying squadrons based at RAF Negombo, with one focused on training and the other on transport. The first helicopter type to be added to the service was the Westland Dragonfly. After Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike's negotiated the closure of British air and naval bases in Ceylon in 1956, the RCyAF took over the former RAF stations; Katunayake and China Bay, becoming RCyAF operational stations while ancillary functions were carried out at Diyatalawa and Ekala. The RCyAF Regiment Squadron was formed in 1956. The RAF headquarters, Air HQ Ceylon, was disbanded on 1 November 1957. However RAF officers remained with the RCyAF until 1962. This led to increased responsibility for the fledgling RCyAF as the RAF withdrew its aircraft and personal, leaving air defense solely the responsibility of the Ceylon Artillery since the RCyAF did not have fighters to take over void left by the RAF withdrawal. The Government of Ceylon maintained friendly relations with neighboring countries such as India, perceived the risk of air intrusion low. However, approval had been granted to introduced fighter capability to the RCyAF. In 1959 de Havilland Vampire jet aircraft were acquired. However, the RCyAF did not put them into operational use and soon replaced them with five Hunting Jet Provosts obtained from the British, which were formed into a new Jet Squadron. Seven more Provosts followed. Defense expenditure was cut drastically in the early 1960s as a result of both foreign exchange crisis and an attempt military coup in 1962. The RAF officer commanding the RCyAF was replaced by the first Ceylonese commander Air Commodore Rohan Amerasekera. The RCyAF did receive a few aircraft in the 1960s, most notably American Bell JetRanger helicopters and by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HAL-26 Pushpak given by India. The force had grown gradually during its early years, reaching a little over 1,000 officers and recruits in the 1960s. By 1970 the Provosts were in storage. 1971 Insurrection The Royal Ceylon Air Force first went into combat in April 1971 when the Marxist JVP launched an island-wide insurrection on April 5. The Ceylon Armed Forces were caught off guard; police stations island-wide and the RCyAF base at Ekala were attacked in the initial wave. Responding rapidly the RCyAF deployed its limited aircraft, at first to resupply besieged police stations, military outposts and patrol around major cities. The Jet Provosts were taken out of storage and put into service within three days, carrying out attacks on insurgents. Its transports began ferrying troops and cargo cross the island. During this insurgency the left-leaning Bandaranaike government turned to friendly nations for weapons and ammunitions. The RAF's heavy transports also flew in six Bell 47G helicopters purchased from the United States, which were put into combat as soon as possible after only five days of pilot training. It received five Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F fighter bombers and a MiG-15 UTI trainer, as well as two Kamov Ka-26 helicopters meant for search and rescue and casualty evacuation from the Soviet Union. Air Force personnel joined in ground operations, and when the insurgents surrendered after about a month's fighting the RCyAF was in charge of three of the many rehabilitation camps setup for insurgents. In the wake of the insurrection the RCyAF established a Volunteer Force to supplement its regular carder. Sri Lanka Air Force With Ceylon becoming a republic in 1972, the Royal Ceylon Air Force changed its name to the Sri Lanka Air Force along with all insignia. Because of a shortage of funds for military expenditure in the wake of the 1971 insurrection, the No. 4 Helicopter Squadron began operating commercial transport services for foreign tourists under the name of Helitours. On March 31, 1976, the SLAF was awarded the President's Colour. That same year SLAF detachments, which later became SLAF stations, were established at Wirawila, Vavuniya and Minneriya. With the closure of Air Ceylon in 1978, its Hawker Siddeley HS 748 transport aircraft was taken over by the SLAF. By the early 1980s the Provosts and all of the Soviet aircraft had been taken out of active service and placed in long-term storage, leaving the air force without any fighter/bomber capability. Sri Lankan Civil War Rapid growth began in the mid-1980s, when the Sri Lankan Civil War against LTTE drew the service into a major, long-term security role. In 1982 the SLAF reactivated airfields at Batticaloa, Anuradhapura, Koggala and Sigiriya that had been disused since World War II, all later becoming SLAF Stations. During the First Eelam War between 1983 and 1987, the force grew by nearly 50 percent. In 1987 the air force had a total strength of 3,700 personnel, including active reserves. The Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment took over to role of ground based air defense from the 4th Regiment, Sri Lanka Artillery transitioned into a field artillery role as it decommissioned its anti-aircraft guns. As in the other services, a shortage of spare parts plagued maintenance efforts, forcing the service to send a number of aircraft to Singapore and elsewhere for repairs. After the purchase of equipment from Canada in 1986, the air force gained the capability to make structural repairs on its fleet of Bell helicopters, several of which had been damaged in operations against the Tamil separatists. Maintenance of electronic equipment was performed at the communications station at Ekala, in the north of Colombo District. After the Conflict started, the government worked rapidly to expand the SLAF inventory, relying largely on sources in Italy, Britain, and the United States. Because of tight budget constraints, the SLAF was compelled to refit a number of non-combat aircraft for military uses in counter-terrorism operations against Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) terrorists. From the period 1983 to 1985, the Air Force acquired 11 Bell 212 helicopters, four Bell 412 helicopters, three SIAI Marchetti SF.260s, two Cessna 337s, one Hawker Siddeley HS 748 and two Beechcraft Super King Airs. By 1985, nine more Bell 212s were added to the fleet, along with four Bell 412s. The 412s along with the SIAI Marchetti SF.260 aircraft advanced the attack capabilities of the SLAF. Central in the government's security efforts were six SIAI Marchetti SF.260TP turboprops which were used for rocket attacks and strafing. Additionally, the air force, with the help of Heli Orient of Singapore, equipped twelve Bell 212 and Bell 412 helicopters to serve as gunships and as transport vehicles for highly successful commando assault operations. The air force had a fleet of approximately eighty aircraft, of which sixty-four were reported to be operational in early 1988. Government forces reportedly also used helicopters on bombing missions. A more effective bombing capability was provided by a small fleet of Chinese Harbin Y-12 turboprop transport aircraft. These were equipped with bomb racks that had been fitted to carry up to 1,000 kilograms of fragmentation and anti-personnel bombs. Transport, training, and surveying functions were carried out by a variety of Cessna and de Havilland aircraft. In 1987 the air force acquired Shaanxi Y-8s and would later use them for bombing, until 1992 when one Y-8 crashed during a bombing mission, when all bombing using transport aircraft were stopped. On 3 September 1987 a Women's Wing was formed and located in Colombo, initially tasked with administrative duties. In May 1987, the Sri Lankan military launched what make be known as Vadamarachchi Operation, its largest offensive to date. The air force mustered one HS 748, two Y-12s and one de Havilland Heron, all configured as improvised bombers. Presser from the Government of India culminated during the Vadamarachchi Operation with Indian Air Force carrying out Operation Poomalai unopposed. The Indo-Sri Lanka Accord followed and the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) landed soon after to enforce peace. The arrival of the IPKF led to the start of the 1987–1989 JVP insurrection, during which SLAF carried out areal reconnaissance against insurgents and several SLAF stations in the southern part of the island came under attack by militant elements associated with the JVP. With resumption of hostilities with the LTTE, to increase its attack capability, in 1991 the SLAF acquired four F-7 Skybolts, three FT-7s and two Shenyang J-5s from China. Later in 1993 the first of three Mil Mi-17 helicopter transports were acquired along with four FMA IA 58 Pucarás for ground attack. These proved to be effective, but three of the Pucarás were lost, two to surface-to-air missiles launched by the LTTE. The sole remaining Pucará was retired in 1999 due to lack of spare parts. In 1995 Mil Mi-24 gunships were acquired for close air support for the army and by 2001 Mil Mi-35s were added to the fleet. In 1996 the SLAF acquired seven IAI Kfirs (six C.2s and one TC.2) from Israel and a further nine of these aircraft had been added to the inventory by 2005. This included four C.2s and four C.7s in 2001. Currently the SLAF operates two C.7s, eight C.2s and two TC.2s. The SLAF used these Kfirs to launch attacks against Tamil separatist targets in rebel-controlled areas of the island. In 2000 new aircraft were acquired; apart from the addition of Kfir C.7s and Mi-35s, these included six Mikoyan MiG-27 dedicated ground attack aircraft (obtained due to lack of specialised ground attack aircraft since the retirement of the Pucarás), a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23UB trainer and two Lockheed C-130 Hercules for heavy transport. Six K-8 Karakorum trainers were soon bought from China, creating No. 14 Squadron to train pilots for the newly expanded fleet of jets. On 24 July 2001, thirteen aircraft including two Kfir jet fighters, one Mi-24 helicopter gunship and one MiG-27 jet fighter, were destroyed in the pre-dawn attack by the LTTE on SLAF Katunayake air base, part of Bandaranaike International Airport about 35 km north of Colombo. Three military training aircraft and five civilian jets were also among the destroyed aircraft. Many of these aircraft were later replaced. Sri Lanka's international airport has remained on alert for a repeat of the 2001 attack, with severe restrictions on the number of people allowed into the terminal buildings. Huge walls were built around the terminals and the control towers to prevent impact from car bomb attacks, and many sentries were placed along the approach roads to the facility. All airports including the international airport are heavily guarded by members of the SLAF Regiment. In 2006 four MiG-27s were bought from Ukraine to replace two lost in crashes and the one lost in the attack on the airport. Since the start of the civil war the SLAF used its combat aircraft in a ground-attack role to attack LTTE targets in the then LTTE-controlled areas in the northern and eastern parts of the island. Following confirmation that the LTTE was using several light weight aircraft in 2006, the SLAF expanded its air defence capabilities which had been neglected for years. Extensive air defence radar network was established and ground-based air defence strengthened. Airborne interception of the LTTE light aircraft were developed using both fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft until dedicated interceptors were acquired. During the 2007–2009 the LTTE launched several attacks using light aircraft on Colombo, SLAF Katunayake and several other locations with superficial damage. In the early hours of October 22, 2007 a ground attack by the LTTE on SLAF Anuradhapura at Saliyapura, which was supported briefly by its air wing, resulted in the destruction of eight aircraft with several others damaged. The attack only affected the SLAF's training element. Early in 2008 the air force received six F-7Gs, these are primarily used as interceptors and are attached to No.5 Jet Squadron. In October 2008 the air force claimed its first air-to-air kill, when it reported that one of its Chengdu F-7G interceptors shot down a Zlín Z 43 of the LTTE air wing when it attempted to attack a military base in Vavuniya. In the last stages of the civil war the SLAF flew its highest number of sorties providing close air support of ground and naval forces and carried out pinpoint bombing on identified targets. It moved many of its units including fighter jets to forward air bases to increase the number of sorties. Major combat operations During the civil war the SLAF support the Sri Lanka Army in all major operations undertaken, including: Post war period With the civil war ending in 2009, the SLAF reduced its number of sorties and began transitioning into a peace time role. This involved utilizing its fix wing and rotary wing transport aircraft for civilian transport by reforming the civilian domestic airline Helitours, as well as undertaking international flights and deployments as part of humanitarian and UN peacekeeping operations. Humanitarian and international operations In 2014, the SLAF deployed a contingent of three Mi-17 helicopters with support personnel and equipment designated No. 62 Helicopter Flight to the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad consisting of 122 personal. This was followed by second contingent three Mi-17 helicopters and 81 personal to United Nations Mission in South Sudan. In December 2014, SLAF C-130 of the No. 2 Heavy Transport Squadron flew a special humanitarian operation transporting essential spares and accessories for repair of the desalination facility in Male from Singapore. The breakdown of the desalination facility resulted in a desperate shortage of drinking water in Male and the equipment for repair could not be flown in commercial flights, resulting in the Maldivian government requesting aid from the government of Sri Lanka. In April 2015, following the earthquake in Nepal the Sri Lankan government responded by deploying relief contingents from the armed services including teams from the air force. These teams were airlifted to Nepal by a SLAF C-130 of the No. 2 Heavy Transport Squadron, which was followed by other flights carrying in aid supplies. This was the first time a SLAF aircraft has been deployed on a rescue mission to a foreign country. This was followed by another humanitarian flight to Pakistan following earthquakes. In 2016, SLAF C-130 Hercules carried out resupply missions to its detachments based in Central African Republic and South Sudan. In 2017, the air force was deployed in force to assist civilian authorities during the 2017 Sri Lanka floods. To carryout search and rescue operations the air force deployed seven Mi-17 helicopters, three Bell-212 helicopters and one Bell-412 helicopters. On 13 July 2022, an Antonov An-32 aircraft of the SLAF flew to Maldives carrying then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa into exile. Fleet modernization In the years that followed the war, the SLAF began a program of upgrading its air fleet and looking for replacements for ageing aircraft. Transport and trainers In 2011, two Xian MA60 passenger transport aircraft were purchased for the air force operated Helitours and two more Bell 412 have been purchased in addition to the eight already in service. In addition 14 Mi-171 helicopters are to be purchased from Russia. In 2018 May, six brand-new PT-6 training aircraft were accepted by the SLAF from AVIC Hongdu in Nanchang, China. These aircraft will be utilised by the No 1 Flight Training Wing at the SLAF Academy. By 2018, the SLAF has been considering increasing its fleet of transport helicopters with new purchases of 10–14 Mi-171SH, 2 Bell 412s and 2 Bell 206s. These are intended for flight training, VIP transport and overseas deployments for UN peace keeping operations. As of May 2021 only 10 of the 21 Mi17 helicopters are in service. The SLAF is in the process of overhauling an additional pair of Mi17 helicopters, and purchasing 4 new Mi17 helicopters to replace worn out examples. Three of the Mi35P/Mi35V helicopters are also going to be overhauled. In 2021, SLAF announced plans to purchase two Harbin Y-12 aircraft from China. Three Antonov-32 transports were overhauled in the Ukraine. Tenders were called for four secondhand Bell 206B3 helicopters for the use as training helicopters. Fighter and attack With the end of the civil war, the SLAF changed its priorities and set a long-term goal of modernizing its aircraft and developing its air defense capability. By 2013, there were claims that SLAF was looking for a replacement for its Kfirs and MiG-27s. Pakistan offered the PAC JF-17 Thunder aircraft to several countries including Sri Lanka. In 2016, the Sri Lankan Government gave the green light to a programme to procure multirole combat aircraft. The programme, featuring the acquisition of between 8–12 aircraft, were to be pursued through a government-government basic agreement. In December, then Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe said Sri Lanka received offers from China, India, Sweden and Russia and they were in progress to take final decision. By 2009 SLAF operated three FT-7, three F-7BS, six F-7G, two Kfir TC.2s, two Kfir C.7s, eight Kfir C.2s, seven MiG-27s and one MiG-23UB trainer. By 2017 the Migs and Kfirs have been withdrawn as only one Kfir out of seven still available (fifteen were originally procured) was serviceable and the seven surviving Mig23/27 aircraft were not operational. In March 2017, two J7GS were seen flying during the 66th Anniversary of the Sri Lankan Air Force. A single J7GS and J7BS were overhauled in China, while CATIC and the air force additionally overhauled an FT7 and another J7GS at the recently opened SLAF overhaul facility. The aircraft overhaul wing was opened as part of a joint venture between the air force and CATIC with a plan to overhaul all F7 aircraft in service. In December 2017, Janes reported that the Sri Lankan government was in talks with IAI for the upgrade and return to service of five of its Kfirs which had been grounded since a mid air collision in 2011. Meanwhile, a single Kfir C2 and a single Kfir C7 have been preserved for display. In 2021, the SLAF initiated its long-awaited program for the overhaul and service life extension of several of its aging air frames. This included five Kfirs fighters, two C-130 transports, four Antonov-32 transports, three Mi-17 heavy transport helicopters and its remaining Mi-35 attack helicopters. Five Kfir C2/C7/TC2 will be updated to a near Block 60 standard in a deal worth US$49 million with Israel Aerospace Industries, with an expected service life of 15 years. The work will be done in Sri Lanka by SLAF personal over two years, with upgraded avionics and the provision for advanced radar, sensors and helmets in the future. Maritime reconnaissance Following the end of the war, SLAF shifted more focus on maritime patroling to counter smuggling in its territorial waters. To this extend it began looking to procure a dedicated maritime patrol aircraft. Attention was given in 2018 to the possibility of acquiring the Lockheed P-3 Orion with assistance from Japan. In April 2019, it was reported that India was considering transferring a single Dornier 228 reconnaissance aircraft. In 2020, the SLAF has been in talks to acquire either Dornier Do228 or Beechcraft 360ER maritime reconnaissance aircraft from India and the United States respectively. In February 2022, the US Government agreed to provide two Beechcraft 360ER on a gratis basis under a foreign military sales contract to enhance the SLAF's maritime reconnaissance capability. In August 2022, the Government of India, delivered one Dornier Do228 as a grant with another on order, following crew training. The Australian Government has announced that it will gift a former Royal Australian Air Force Beechcraft KA350 King Air aircraft (registration A32-673) to the Sri Lankan Government in 2023 May. Indigenous UAV program The SLAF has also embarked on the indigenous UAV program. The project started in 2011 with the Centre for Research and Development (CRD).--> The Lihiniya MK I had its first flight in April 2020. Lihiniya MK I and Lihiniya MK II were intended to be used to train and use as medium range tactical UAV System for the national defense requirements. The SLAF intends to have the first models entering service by the end of 2021 and implement lessons learnt in the design of the Lihiniya II UAV. Organisation Air Force Headquarters The professional head of the air force is the Commander of the Air Force, Air Marshal Udeni Rajapaksa who reports directly to the Minister of Defence. The Commander of the Air Force exercises operational and administrative control of the air force from Air Force Headquarters, SLAF Colombo. Air Force Board of Management The Board of Directors numbers 13; Chief of Staff – Vacant Deputy Chief of Staff - Air Vice-Marshal Roshan Biyanwila Director General Air Operations – Air Vice Marshal Kapila Wanigasooriya Director General Ground Operations – Air Vice Marshal Waruna Gunawardane Director General Aeronautical Engineering-Air Vice Marshal Senanayake Director General General Engineering-Air Vice Marshal Nihal jayasingha Director General Electronics, Telecommunications Engineering and Information Technology – Air Commodore Jude perera Director General Logistics – Air Vice Marshal WMKSP Weerasinghe Director General Administration – Air Vice Marshal RS Biyanwila Director General Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering]] – Air Vice Marshal Udula wijesinghe Director General Health Services – Air Vice Marshal Lalith Jayaweera Director General Training – Air Vice Marshal Bandu Edirisingha Director General Welfare – Air Vice Marshal DK Wanigasooriya Commands Air Commands The air force has four commands known as Air commands, each under the control of an air officer for command and administrative control. The zonal commands control all flying squadrons, aircraft and air defences; zonal Commanders are responsible for air and ground operations that have been decided upon by the Directorate of Operations at Air Force HQ. Four Zonal Commands Eastern Zonal Command Northern Zonal Command Southern Zonal Command Western Zonal Command Air Defence Command The Sri Lanka Air Defence Command, based at SLAF Katunayake, is the SLAF command responsible for co-ordination of air and ground units to maintain integrated national air defence. National Air Defence System's main radar station situated at the Pidurutalagala tallest mountain in Sri Lanka, at 2,524 m (8,281 ft). The No. 3 Air Defence Radar Squadron uses four INDRA Mk-II 2D radar systems and USFM radars provided by India, Chinese JY-11 low/medium altitude 3D surveillance radars and CETC YLC-18 3D radars. Flying Squadrons No. 1 Flying Training Wing No. 2 Heavy Transport Squadron No. 3 Maritime Squadron No. 4 (VIP) Helicopter Squadron No. 5 Jet Squadron No. 6 Helicopter Squadron No. 7 Helicopter Squadron No. 8 Light Transport Squadron No. 9 Attack Helicopter Squadron No. 10 Fighter Squadron No. 14 Squadron No. 111 Air Surveillance Squadron No. 112 Air Surveillance Squadron Branches and Trades Directorate of Air Operations. General Duties Pilot Branch – Pilots and Navigators (commissioned officers) C4ISR concept of Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. Operations Air Branch – Fighter Controllers and Air Traffic Controllers, Radar Observes control SLAF aircraft from the ground as well as Air defence and Fire fitting. Directorate of Administration Administrative Branch – Administrative Officers, Analyst, Legal Officer Human resources Human Capital managements and associated trades are involved with training management, record and information management, digital document archives, facility management, accounts, audit, dress and discipline, staff counselling, welfare, personnel and recruitment, media, public communication and information security also includes; Legal Branch, SLAF Military Band, Provost Directorate of Aeronautical and General Engineering Aeronautical Engineering Branch – Engineering Officers, Aircraft maintenance Officers/Engineers and Aircraft mechanic, Fitters/Technician are employed to maintain and repair the Aircraft, Aircraft structures,Composite repair, Airframe overhaul, Inspection service, Aircraft modification Propulsion systems, autopilots Aero Instruments used by the SLAF. Aircraft Technician maintain, test, Inspection of Air frame, Aero Engine, Aircraft Electrical, Flight instruments, Flight Data Recorder,UAV, Aviation Safety, Quality assurance, Ground base and Air Weaponry systems, Non-destructive test, Air safety,Airworthiness, Automotive and General technical maintenance and Research and development. Directorate of Electronic, IT and Communication Engineering Electronics Engineering Branch – Avionics /Technical officer, Avionics fitters/technical staff test, inspection maintenance Radio transceivers, Navigational aids, Radar systems, Electronic warfare co-ordinate and manage Airborne Radar, Electronics Countermeasures, Voice and Data transmission and reception equipment mounted on aircraft, weapon delivery navigation systems, ground base and air defence automation, Air field Communication & Navigation systems.C4ISR concept of Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. Telecommunication Officer/Telecom technician manage cable, networks infrastructure, radio relay microwave backbone, point-to-point link, point-to-multi point, routing, switching, private auto branch exchange (PBX), video teleconference, VoIP telephony, telemetry instrumentation Internet over things, office automation, intruder detection systems, and CCTV systems. IT Officers/Radio Operator/Air communicators, Computer Assistant, System administrator Analysis/Database Administrator Database management developing e-application, Cybersecurity,Signals Communication Information Systems (ICS) and Communication & Information systems are any systems whose primary functions are to collect, process or exchange information and Information and communications technology ICT security. Directorate of Logistics Logistic -Supply chain managements, procurement, Equipment officer and Load Masters, Aviation Fuel quality control, Air Cargo, Air Movements – MOVCON, Property management inventories, physical verification, property disposal, catering, Receiving & Inspection aircraft spares and Aircraft spare depot-ASD. Directorate of Civil Engineering Airfield Construction Branch – Civil engineering and mechanical engineering/electrical engineers, power transmission, Alternative power, Green power, Air conditioning and Infrastructure, accommodation, Air field Construction and maintenance water treatment and waste water managements.Directorate of ground Operations Operations Ground – Officers and Air/ground intelligence Air Gunners;Special airborne gunners, paratroopers, rescue team, it has infantry, paratrooper and light armoured units to protect against ground attack and defend against air attack with ground-to-air defence units, explosive ordnance disposal EOD Special Airborne Force – The first elite special forces SWAT unit for VIP Protection in SLAF. SLAF Regiment Special Force – The elite special forces unit of the SLAF.Directorate of Health Services Medical Branch – Aviation medicine specialists, medical officers, nurses, paramedics Dental Branch-Dental surgeons, Dental assistants Equipment Aircraft NOTE: Five IAI Kfir’s are being refurbished back to flying condition, with Block 60 improvements, the work is being performed by Israel Aerospace Industries Ordnance Air Defense Radars Deployments Most of the Sri Lankan Air Force is deployed for domestic defensive operations, while a limited foreign deployment is maintained. Domestic Air & ground operations are carried out from 20 bases around the country. These include 6 air bases with resident squadrons, 8 forward operational airfields, 4 ground stations, and 2 SLAF Regiment detachments. Security of the Katunayake International Airport is maintained by the SLAF Regiment. Ground-based air defence of infrastructure are carried out by the SLAF Regiment. Foreign deployments Sri Lanka Air Force deployed its second aviation unit under United Nations Mission in South Sudan. The deployment consisted of three Mi-17 helicopters from the SLAF along with supporting staff. Training Under the guidance of the British Royal Air Force, flight training was first offered to Royal Ceylon Air Force pilots at RAF Station Negombo, a RAF airfield at Katunayake, in 1952. In addition, a number of cadet officers received flight training at the Royal Air Force College in Cranwell, in Lincolnshire, England. After the British withdrew from their military facilities in Veylong in 1967, No. 1 Squadron (Flight Training School) was established at SLAF China Bay in Trincomalee. With the increase in Tamil separatist activities in the mid-1980s, the air force stepped up its training activities, bringing in foreign pilots to assist in the helicopter training program. Basic officer training is carried out at the Air Force Academy at SLAF China Bay in Trincomalee. The academy offers a two-year program of basic flight training and a variety of specialised courses. Pilot training was carried out at SLAF Anuradhapura by No. 1 Flying Training Wing using Cessna 150s for basic training and Nanchang CJ-6 (PT-6) aircraft for intermediate training. This has since been moved to SLAF China Bay. Advanced jet training is carried out by No. 14 Squadron in K-8 Karakorums also based at SLAF China Bay. Specialised training for different types of aircraft is carried out by the respective Squadrons; this includes F-7 Skybolt, Kfir TC.2 and MiG-23UB aircraft used for this purpose by No. 5 Jet Squadron, No. 10 Fighter Squadron and No. 12 Squadron respectively at SLAF Katunayake. For training of transport pilots, Harbin Y-12s of No. 8 Light Transport Squadron are used; Bell 206s are used for helicopter training. The General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU) formed in 1981 and situated in Ratmalana, fourteen kilometers south of Colombo, is Sri Lanka's only university specialising in defence studies. Apart from postgraduate defence studies each year, approximately fifty cadets from all three services are admitted to the university (aged 18–22) to participate in a three-year programme of under graduate studies. Initial Ground Combat Training for both officers and other ranks of both regular and volunteer forces, are carried out separately at SLAF Diyatalawa in the garrison town of Diyatalawa, it also conducts advanced training for SLAF regiment officer cadets. Following training at SLAF Diyatalawa, general duties (pilot) branch officer cadets are sent to the Air Force Academy for flight training, and airmen and airwomen are sent to Advanced and Specialised Trade Training School for specialised training in different trades. Air traffic controllers receive schooling at special facilities in Colombo as well as officer cadets from other branches. In addition, approximately twenty-five officers a year receive advanced training abroad, most commonly in Britain, Indian Air Force and, in recent years, at the United States Air Force Academy. Senior officers of the ranks of Squadron Leader and Wing Commander follow the Command and Staff Course at the Defence Services Command and Staff College (DSCSC) at Batalanda, Makola which was established in 1997 as the Army Command and Staff College or at the SLAF Junior Command & Staff College at SLAF China Bay in Trincomalee. With the former leading to a Masters Of Science (Defence Studies) degree from the KDU. Senior officers destined for air officer rank attend the prestigious National Defence College (NDC) in Colombo which is the highest level of training leading to a Master of Philosophy from the KDU. The air force continuous to send its senior officers for overseas training. Training establishments Air Force Academy – SLAF China Bay SLAF Junior Command & Staff College – SLAF China Bay Combat Training School – SLAF China Bay NCO Management School – SLAF China Bay Training Wing – SLAF Diyatalawa – Ground combat Recruit course Advanced & Specialized Trade Training School \| A&STTS – SLAF Ekala. Aircraft Technician, Fixed wing and Rotary wing- Airframe & Powerplant, Aviation Electronics, Safety. Basic Trade Training School – SLAF Katunayake. Non-technical administrative, IT training and basic Technical staff Regimental Training Centre – SLAF Ampara Combat and EOD Gunner Training School – SLAF Palaly Instructors Training Squadrons No. 1 Flying Training Wing – SLAF China Bay Pilot Navigators No. 14 Squadron – SLAF China Bay SLAF Regiment The Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment is a ground combat corps within the Sri Lanka Air Force, responsible for capturing and defending airfields and associated installations. Effectively, its members are the SLAF's soldiers. SLAF Regiment is responsible for protecting all its airfields and installations using infantry and light armoured units. Ground-based air defence of vital military and civil installations is carried out by this Regiment. SLAF Regiment Special Force Regiment Special Force is an elite Special Forces unit of the Sri Lanka Air Force, part of the SLAF Regiment. It provides highly effective land-based defence and beyond-forward-defence-line assault capabilities. SLAF Special Air Borne Force The Special Airborne Force (SABF) is an elite Airborne forces unit of the Sri Lanka Air Force, part of the SLAF Regiment. It provides highly effective air assault capabilities and VVIP protection. Formed out of the Administrative Regiment Branch in 1989 by Air Vice Marshal Oliver Ranasinghe, it initially under took counter insurgency operations during the 1987–1989 JVP insurrection and thereafter in the Sri Lankan Civil War for VIP protection under the Chief Provost Marshal, until it was transferred under the command of Directorate Of Ground Operations. Air Force Police Air Force Police (AFP) is responsible for maintaining discipline and enforcement of law and order within the SLAF and its establishments. Members of the AFP are distinguished by their white-topped caps and red 'AFP' flashes on the sleeve of their uniforms. Helitours The Sri Lanka Air Force has launched domestic flight routes to provide a service to the people travelling to Jaffna in the north, Trincomalee in the north east, and to Seegiriya. As the SLAF is not a commercial organisation this aviation service was mainly built up as a non-profit public service. Helitours has been in operation since 1983 but due to the civil war operations were restricted. The SLAF is once again launching frequent flights and besides Helitours, it is also operating charter flights to give the people a further choice and reliable service. Currently Harbin Y-12 fixed-wing aircraft are being used for passenger transportation. An Antonov An-32 will also be in operation in the near future to provide more capacity along with six Xian MA60s. All the charter flights are commenced from Ratmalana Air Force Base. Air Force museum The Sri Lanka Air Force museum is the only national museum dedicated entirely to aviation and the history of the Sri Lanka Air Force. The museum was first established in 1993 as the Aircraft Preservation and Storage Unit at SLAF Ratmalana and was reopened on 5 November 2009 after refurbishment. The museum exhibits historic aircraft, vehicles, uniforms and weapons. The museum consists of the main hangar, outdoor exhibits and hangar numbers 1, 2 and 3. Personnel Parama Weera Vibhushanaya recipients The Parama Weera Vibhushanaya is the highest award for valour awarded in the Sri Lankan armed forces. Air Force recipients include; Wing-Commander Tyron Silvapulle Notable fallen members Over 23,790 Sri Lankan armed forces personnel were killed since beginning of the civil war in 1981 to its end in 2009, this includes air officers killed in active duty. 659 service personnel were killed due to the second JVP insurrection from 1987 to 1990. 53 service personnel were killed and 323 were wounded in the first JVP insurrection from 1971 to 1972. Notable fallen members includes; Air Commodore Shirantha Goonatilake – Commanding Officer, No. 1 Flying Training Wing Group Captain D. S. Wickramasinghe – Senior Staff Officer, Directorate of Aeronautical Engineering Group Captain Roger Weerasinghe – Zonal Commander, Northern Zone Group Captain Jagath Rodrigo – Commanding Officer, No. 9 Attack Helicopter Squadron Wing Commander Thilina Kaluarachchi – Officer Commanding Operations, No. 9 Attack Helicopter Squadron Women in the Sri Lanka Air Force The first female officers to join the air force were in 1972, to the Volunteer Air Force, today women are recruited to both the regular and volunteer forces as both officers and airwomen to the SLAF Women's Wing'. As of 16 November 2020, two Lady Officers were commissioned in the General Duties Pilot Branch and they can also join any other branch, including the SLAF Regiment and the Air Force Police. Accidents 1 February 1960: A BAC Jet Provost crashed into the Negombo lagoon following a flame out, with its pilot, pilot officer Noel H. Lokuge safely ejecting. 1960: a BAC Jet Provost crashed into the coconut trees surrounding RCyAF Katunayake, killing its pilot Flight Sergeant Shaheer Sally. 12 April 1971: A BAC Jet Provost lost power and crashed on its approach to RCyAF Chinabay, following a bombing run. Its pilot Sergeant pilot Ranjith Wijetunga was killed. 22 January 1996: a Mil Mi-17 helicopter crashed into sea near Vettilakerny. 39 crew and passengers were reported missing. 21 January 1997: a IAI Kfir crashed into the Negombo lagoon. Pilot ejected safely. 7 December 1996: a Bell 212 landed in enemy controlled territory due to technical problems; crew and passengers, including General Anuruddha Ratwatte, Deputy Defense Minister evacuated and aircraft destroyed by the Sri Lanka Army. 20 January 1997: a Y-12 crashed, killing four. 21 February 1997: a Antonov An-32B crashed at Ratmalana airport following aborted take-off, killing four. 15 March 1997: a FMA IA 58 Pucará crashed in the Kaudala area following a premature explosion of ordinance on release. Pilot ejected and was recovered. 16 September 2000: a Mil Mi-17 helicopter crashed on Bible Rock, killing all 17 passengers and crew, including M. H. M. Ashraff, Minister of Shipping, Ports and Rehabilitation. 9 June 2004: A Mikoyan MiG-27 crashed into the Negombo Lagoon. The pilot ejected seconds before impact. 1 March 2007: a PT-6 trainer aircraft crashed near SLAF Anuradhapura. Both the trainer and the instructor was killed. 27 November 2009: A Mil Mi-24 crashed in Buttala in the Monaragala district killing all 4 on board. 1 March 2011: Two IAI Kfirs crashed Yakkala following a mid-air collision. Flight Lieutenant Monath Perera was killed, while Squadron Leader Vajira Jayakody ejected safely. 13 February 2012: a Mikoyan MiG-27 crashed while on a training mission, the pilot safely ejected. 12 December 2014: An Antonov An-32 crashed near Athurugiriya whilst on a routine flight from SLAF Katunayake to SLAF Ratmalana. Four members of the crew, including the pilots Squadron Leader J.M.W.N. Abeywardena and Flight Lieutenant A.A.D.T. Amaratunge were killed, while the fifth crewmen was rescued with critical injuries. 25 May 2016: A Bell 206 crashed at Hingurakgoda Airport. The pilot survived. 29 May 2017: A Mil Mi-17 helicopter crashed near Baddegama during rescue and relief operations. All crew members survived, unhurt. 3 January 2020: A Harbin Y-12 crashed in Haputale during a routine flight. All 4 occupants on board were unfortunately killed. 15 December 2020: A Chinese-manufactured PT-6, a primary trainer aircraft, which took off from China Bay Airport crashed near Kantale, Sri Lanka killing the trainee pilot on board. 27 April 2022: A Bell 206 was involved in an accident at Hingurakgoda Airport. The pilot was unhurt and the helicopter was heavily damaged. 7 August 2023: A Chinese-manufactured PT-6, a primary trainer aircraft, crashed shortly after departing from China Bay Airport, resulting in the fatalities of the two officers who were on board. Following this incident, the Sri Lanka Air Force grounded the entire PT-6 aircraft fleet until a thorough investigation is conducted and completed. See also Military ranks and insignia of the Sri Lanka Air Force List of military aircraft of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Air Force Academy Sri Lanka Army Sri Lanka Navy References Further reading Tennekoon, E. V., & De Silva, M. (1994). The History of the Sri Lanka Air Force''. Colombo, Commander, Sri Lanka Air Force. External links Ministry of Defence Sri Lanka General Sir John Kotelawala Defence Academy Chronological Listing of Ceylonese / Sri-Lankan Flight Ejections Defending the Nation from dizzy heights 1951 establishments in Ceylon Defence agencies of Sri Lanka Military of Sri Lanka
37257606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Cruz%20Blanca	La Cruz Blanca	La Cruz Blanca Neutral (The Neutral White Cross) was a volunteer infirmary and relief service established during the Mexican Revolution to care for those wounded in the conflict. The Red Cross refused to treat insurgents and the Neutral White Cross was developed to treat all combatants. After their initial success in Ciudad Juárez, the organization spread out through 25 states in Mexico for the duration of the war. It continued as a quasi-governmentally subsidized organization into the 1940s, when it was converted into an organization to assist children. The organization is still operating in Mexico City. Formation La Cruz Blanca Neutral was a volunteer infirmary and relief service founded by Elena Arizmendi Mejia in 1911. She was enrolled at the School of Nursing of the Santa Rosa Hospital (now the School of Nursing at the University of the Incarnate Word) in San Antonio, Texas when the war broke out. Her school was next door to the Texas residence of her family friend whom she supported, Francisco I. Madero, who challenged Porfirio Díaz for the presidency in 1910, was jailed by Díaz but escaped and fled to Texas. Reports of the war, casualties and the refusal of the Red Cross to treat insurgents, caused Arizmendi to return to Mexico City via train on 17 April 1911. Once there, she arranged a personal meeting with the head of the Red Cross organisation. When the director reiterated that they would not treat revolutionaries, Arizmendi decided to found an organisation that would treat her countrymen. She and her brother, Carlos, rallied medical students and nurses to the cause. They formed an association under the guidelines of the Geneva Conventions and she acted as fundraiser, enlisting the help of celebrities like María Conesa, Virginia Fábregas, and Leopoldo Beristáin. After numerous fundraising events, they had collected sufficient funds for a field hospital and on 11 May 1911, set off for Ciudad Juárez. Arizmendi and Carlos, formed the first brigade with Dr. Ignacio Barrios and Dr. Antonio Márquez and nurses María Avon, Juana Flores Gallardo, Atilana García, Elena de Lange, and Tomasa Villareal. The second brigade, led by Dr. Francisco, left the following day and on the 14th a third brigade, headed by Dr. Lorenzo and ten nurses including Innocenta Díaz, Concepción Ibáñez, Jovita Muñiz, Concepción Sánchez, María Sánchez, Basilia Vélez, María Vélez and Antonia Zorilla, set off for Juárez. Arriving in the city, they found devastation and again Arizmendi had to rally for funds. Ciudad de Juárez Utilising buildings and supplies secured from the rebels at the Hospital de Jesús, Hospital Juárez, and the medical student dormitories and pharmacies, the brigades swiftly set to work. American medics from nearby El Paso, Texas formed the Hospital Insurrecto (Insurgent's Hospital) near the border. The devastation of the city and so many wounded strained the supplies and Arizmendi again rallied for funding. A homeopathic doctor, Laglera, established Hospital Libertad (Liberty Hospital) to deal with wounded and typhus patients. He was assisted by nurses Rebeca Guillén, and the Vélez sisters and Zorilla who had come in the 3rd brigade. Nurses Rhoda Miller, Francés M. Readi, Teodora J. Velarde and Tomasa Villareal from the first brigade formed the surgical nurse team. There were twenty nurses assigned to work in the City of Juarez: María Avon, Innocenta Díaz, Juana Flores Gallardo, Atilana García, Rebeca Guillén, Concepción Ibáñez, Elena de Lange, Rhoda Miller, Jovita Muñiz, Telésfora Pérez, Francés M. Readi, Amelia Rodríguez, Concepción Sánchez, María Sánchez, Teodora J. Velarde, Basilia Vélez, María Vélez, Loreto Vélez, Tomasa Villarreal y Antonia Zorilla. In the 11th and 4th infirmary, at the Insurgent's Hospital were Tomasita F. de Aguirre, Esther Concha, Josefina Espalin, Guadalupe G. Vda. de Gameros, María Gaskey, Libradita Leyva, Bernardina S. de Leyva, Máxima de Martínez, Juanita Nápoles, Anita L. Robert and Adela Vásquez Schiaffino, who was a journalist. The brigade traveling with Madero included Manuel Realivásquez, Juan Anaya, Silvano N. Córdova, José María Delgado, and Dick Brown. Finally the nurses who made rounds for those who refused to go to hospitals included Guadalupe G. Vda. de Gameros, Señora Salazar de Harry, Laura Nájera de Morgan y Belem G. de Realivásquez. Expansion through Mexico On 7 June 1911 a massive earthquake struck Mexico and the members of the White Cross rushed to the epicenter in Iguala, Guerrero to offer assistance. By the end of 1911, the Neutral White Cross had established 25 brigades across Mexico. Arzimendi was elected as the first woman partner of the Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística, but she rejected the honour. She did accept a gold medal presented to her for dedication with helping the wounded by the Gran Liga Obrera (Grand League of Obrera). Ironically, in 1912, the Swiss Confederation of the International Red Cross presented Silver Medals to the nurses who had served in Chihuahua, Guerrero and Morelos with the White Cross. In 1913, factionalism between male doctors who did not want to follow orders from a woman, split those supporting Arizmendi and those supporting Dr. Marquez into opposing camps. Arizmendi consulted a young attorney, José Vasconcelos, who would later become Mexico's Secretary of Education. Arizmendi withdrew and moved to New York City. A later brigade was founded by Leonor Villegas de Magnón in 1913 that aided soldiers along both sides of the Texas-Mexican border near Laredo, Texas. A close-knit group of women and American doctors who helped the wounded during fighting, treated the wounded in Magnón's home, which had already been a makeshift kindergarten classroom. Magnón considered the preservation of Latino history important, and therefore had a "semi-official" photographer for Cruz Blanca, Esuebio Montoya. She made it understood that selling negatives or pictures was out of the question. In further strides to preserve the history of Cruz Blanca, Magnón wrote The Rebel, a third-person memoir and account of the activities of Cruz Blanca. Unfortunately her manuscript was not published in her lifetime for many reasons, one of them including unconventional gender roles. It was not until 1994 when Arte Publico Press would pick up the manuscript from her granddaughter. Current organisation In 1948, Arizmendi changed the direction of the White Cross, due to governmental indifference. Since 1942, the only funding had come from the benefactor, Rodulfo Brito Foucher. The White Cross, still exists in Coyoacán one of the neighborhoods of Mexico City. The institution is dedicated to the care and rehabilitation of children with severe malnutrition problems. See also Jovita Idar Mexican Revolution María Arias Bernal References Aftermath of war Medical and health organizations based in Mexico Mexican-American history Mexican Revolution Organizations established in 1911
25469512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descanso%2C%20Santa%20Catarina	Descanso, Santa Catarina	Descanso, Santa Catarina is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Santa Catarina References Municipalities in Santa Catarina (state)
23544990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift%20River%20%28Minnesota%29	Swift River (Minnesota)	The Swift River (Minnesota) is a river of Minnesota. See also List of rivers of Minnesota References External links Minnesota Watersheds USGS Hydrologic Unit Map - State of Minnesota (1974) Rivers of Minnesota
9666821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannanurpalayam	Kannanurpalayam	Kannanurpalayam, also known as Kannanur or simply K.Palayam, is a small village in Thuraiyur, Tiruchirapalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. The 2022 estimated populated is between 6,976 and 7,972 people. Location Kannanurpalayam is situated on the banks of the Ayyaru or Alyaru River. The Ayyaru starts in the Kolli hills. Kannanurpalayam is surrounded by Kannanur, Velayadhum Palayam, Thevarappam Patti, and Ponnusangam Patti. Economy The main industry of Kannanur is agriculture. The Alyar or Ayyaru river aids in irrigation. There are also drivers, engineers, doctors, teachers, and privately owned businesses. Demographics The current population estimate of 6,976 - 7,972 people is determined from the 2011 census which found 7,118 lived in the town at the time. Of the 7,118 people, 3,526 (49.5%) were male and 3,592 (50.5%) were female. Most of the population of Kannanur was found to be literate with a rate of 70.8% Education Kannanur Palayam has an education ratio of 70%. The Government School in Kannanurpalayam offers education up to 8th standard. Colleges Imayam College of Arts & Science, Kannanur. Jayaram College of Engineering, Thuraiyur. Culture Festivals are celebrated frequently throughout the year. In January they celebrate Pongal, in March they celebrate Kaman Festival, and in April or May, they celebrate Mariyamman Thiruvila. References Villages in Tiruchirappalli district
3690601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon%20%28Weber%29	Oberon (Weber)	Oberon, or The Elf-King's Oath (J. 306) is a 3-act romantic opera with spoken dialogue composed in 1825–26 by Carl Maria von Weber. The only English opera ever set by Weber, the libretto by James Robinson Planché was based on the German poem Oberon by Christoph Martin Wieland, which itself was based on the epic romance Huon de Bordeaux, a French medieval tale. It was premiered in London on 12 April 1826. Against his doctor's advice, Weber undertook the project commissioned by the actor-impresario Charles Kemble for financial reasons. Having been offered the choice of Faust or Oberon as subject matter, he travelled to London to complete the music, learning English to be better able to follow the libretto, before the premiere of the opera. However, the pressure of rehearsals, social engagements and composing extra numbers destroyed his health, and Weber died in London on 5 June 1826. The autograph manuscript of the opera was donated by Emperor Alexander II to the National Library of Russia, where it is currently preserved. Performance history First performed at Covent Garden, London, on 12 April 1826, with Miss Paton as Reiza, Mme. Vestris as Fatima, Braham as Huon, Bland as Oberon and the composer conducting, it was a triumph with many encores, and the production was frequently revived. The libretto was translated into German later in 1826 by Theodor Hell, and it is in this German translation that the opera is most frequently performed. Weber was dissatisfied by the structure of the opera as it was produced in London, and intended to revise the work on his return to Germany, but he died in London before starting work on the revision. It is logical to assume that the German translation would have had the composer's approval (and that it would have been in that language that revisions would have been made), but he heard it only in English, and did not work on a revision or translated version before his death. Since then, other composers and librettists have revised the work, notably Franz Wüllner, Gustav Mahler (who, preparing a new performing version, rearranged some of the numbers and composed some linking music based on material from the existing score) and novelist-composer Anthony Burgess, who wrote a new libretto for Oberon and arranged the overture for guitar quartet. Franz Liszt made an arrangement of the overture in 1846 for solo piano (S.574). The opera was soon mounted elsewhere: Leipzig (23 December 1826); in 1827 in Dublin (1 February), Edinburgh (26 August) and Vienna (20 March), Prague in 1828 and Budapest in 1829, with many other performances in western Europe from the 1830s to the 1860s. The first performance of Oberon in America took place in New York at the Park Theatre on 20 September 1826. It was first seen in Paris in 1830 at the Théâtre Italien (in German). A lavish production was mounted in French at the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris on 27 February 1857, conducted by Adolphe Deloffre, and was praised by Berlioz. In the 20th century, the Metropolitan Opera premiere was on 28 December 1918 (accumulating 13 performances up to 1921) with Rosa Ponselle as Reiza, conducted by Artur Bodanzky, who also composed recitatives in place of original spoken dialogue. The opera was staged at the Salzburg Festival in 1932 and 1934 under Walter, at the 1950 Holland Festival with Monteux conducting, at the Florence Festival in 1952 under Stiedry, and at the Paris Opera in 1953 with Cluytens. Although the opera has been staged intermittently in the 20th century, it has more successfully been given in concert. Roles Orchestration The opera is scored for 2 flutes, 2 clarinets (in A), 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 4 horns (in D and A), 2 trumpets (in D), 3 trombones (alto, tenor and bass), strings and timpani. The tunings for clarinets, horns and trumpets are from the overture. For instance, act 1 opens with horn in D. Synopsis Act 1 Fairies sing around the sleeping Oberon in his bower. Puck enters and recounts Oberon’s quarrel with Titania, his queen: Oberon had vowed not to be reconciled with her, until a pair of human lovers are found who have been faithful to each other through all perils and temptations. Puck has ventured everywhere to find such couples, but in vain. Awakening, Oberon curses the rash vow he made. Puck tells him that the knight Sir Huon has been ordered by Emperor Charlemagne to go to Baghdad, slay the man on the Caliph's right hand, then kiss and wed the Caliph's daughter. Oberon decides that this knight and the princess will be the ones to assist him in his reconciliation with his queen. A vision of Reiza is conjured for Huon and his squire Sherasmin, and they are given a magic horn to summon aid from Oberon if needed. Fairies are called in to carry Huon on his mission. On the banks of the Tigris Prince Babekan is rescued from a lion by Huon and Sherasmin. Babekan is actually the betrothed of Reiza but when he attacks Huon and Sherasmin they put the prince and his band to flight. Next Namouna, an old woman, tells Huon that Reiza is to be married the next day, but has also had a vision which has drawn her to Huon. In the palace of Haroun al Rachid, Reiza confides to her attendant that she will only marry the knight in her vision. As Fatima announces the arrival of Huon, the two women rejoice in anticipation. Act 2 In the splendid court of Haroun al Rachid, a chorus sing praises to their ruler. Reiza is led in to wed Prince Babekan, seated on the caliph’s right, but Huon and Sherasmin burst in, kill Babekan and flee with the princess and Fatima. A ship is to take them to Greece. The two couples express their love as they depart. Puck invokes the spirits of the elements to wreck Huon’s ship. Huon and Reiza survive, and he goes in search of more survivors while she sings of the fury and menace of the sea. At the close of her aria, she spies a ship approaching and signals to it. But it is a pirate ship, and she is abducted by Abdallah and his crew. Huon tries to save her but is wounded; he manages to sound the magic horn and Oberon appears. Oberon tells Puck to take Huon to Tunis and the house of Ibrahim. The mermaids sing happily over the unconscious prince. Act 3 In the garden of the Emir's house in Tunis, Fatima sings of her fate as a slave. She and Sherasmin are now married, and they sing of their childhood. Puck makes Huon appear, and after Fatima tells him that Reiza is in a harem, they plan her rescue. In the harem of Almanzor, Reiza laments her lot and manages to get a message to Huon who sets off to release her. However, by accident he encounters Roshana, the Emir's wife, who tries to persuade Huon to kill Almanzor and marry her. He refuses, but the Emir discovers them and condemns Huon to death at the stake. Reiza implores the Emir to pardon Huon, but as she had scorned his advances, the Emir refuses and orders the two to be burned together. Oberon is summoned by Sherasmin blowing the magic horn. The Emir’s slaves begin to dance, and after a second blast on the horn, Oberon and Titania appear. The Tunisians flee, the lovers are transported to Charlemagne’s court, and Huon is pardoned. Music and noted arias Comparing the unconventional plot and structure of Oberon with that of The Magic Flute, Gustav Kobbé contends that 'Oberon is musically strong enough to stand on its own merits'. Grove notes that despite the "unmitigated awfulness" of the libretto, Weber was able to provide musical characterisation for the main characters, at the same time colourfully evoking the mood of the different scenes; the careful recurring use of the horn call motif helps to give the impression of tying the work together. The fairy strands of the opera are given in delicate, beautifully orchestrated music that often anticipates the fairy music of Mendelssohn. Indeed, Mendelssohn quoted the descending scale theme from the finale of act 2 ("Hark, the mermaids") in his own overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream. It is not clear whether Mendelssohn planned his entire overture as a tribute to Weber. The most famous numbers are the overture (passages of which are quoted by Berlioz in his Treatise on Instrumentation) which is played regularly in the concert hall - it is based on themes from within the opera including the magic horn call; and the soprano Reiza's aria "Ocean, thou mighty monster: ("Ozean, du Ungeheuer"). Act 1: Oberon's aria "Fatal vow!" ("Schreckens Schwur!") Act 1: Huon's aria "From boyhood trained" ("Von Jugend auf in der Kampf") Act 1: Huon's aria "Ah! 'tis a glorious sight to see" (excluded from the German score) Act 2: Huon's Prayer "Ruler of this awful hour" ("Vater! Hör' mich flehn zu Dir!") Act 2: Reiza's aria "Ocean, thou mighty monster" ("Ozean, du Ungeheuer") Act 2: Fatima's aria "A lonely Arab maid" ("Arabiens einsam Kind") Act 3: Fatima's aria "O Araby!" ("Arabien, mein Heimathland!) Act 3: Reiza's aria "Mourn thou, poor heart" ("Traure mein Herz") Act 3: Huon's aria "I revel in hope and joy" ("Ich jub'le in Glück") Recordings The first commercial recording was in German, and was conducted by Rafael Kubelík, whose cast featured Birgit Nilsson as Reiza and Plácido Domingo as Sir Huon of Bordeaux (Deutsche Grammophon, Cat.# J306, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Herkulessaal, Munich, 1970, studio recording.) There have been several other recordings, such as those by James Conlon (Mahler's version) on EMI, Marek Janowski (a note-complete recording) for RCA, and Sir John Eliot Gardiner (the original English version on period instruments) for Philips. References Notes Sources Further reading External links Oberon. Weber's autograph in the National Library of Russia English libretto German translation of the libretto (1826) 1826 operas English-language operas Operas Operas by Carl Maria von Weber Romantische Opern Operas with mythological or folkloric settings Opera world premieres at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden Adaptations of works by Christoph Martin Wieland
63452762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Ohanu	Michael Ohanu	Michael Ohanu (born 1 June 1998) is a Nigerian association footballer who last played for Al-Shorta SC. He plays as a centre forward. Personal life Ohanu hails from Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area of Imo State Club career Ohanu began his youth career with Enugu Rangers Academy. He joined the Enugu outfit in 2013. The following year, he was recruited by second division side, Gabros after an impressive tryout. Ohanu scored eight goals in his debut season with the Nnewi club, helping them earn promotion to the elite division. Shortly after their promotion to the NPFL, Gabros were acquired by Nnewi billionaire Ifeanyi Ubah and their name was changed to F.C. Ifeanyi Ubah. He was outstanding for Gabros in the 2014-15 season matchday seven 2–0 win over Enyimba in Nnewi on 3 May 2015. After a season with FC Ifeanyi Ubah, Ohanu moved to Kwara United, who were in the second division at the time. The striker finished as the top scorer in the division with 21 goals and Kwara United secured promotion to the NPFL. He also won the Bet9ja Nigeria National League player of the 2016–17 season at the Gala held on 10 January 2018. on 21 April 21, 2018, Ohanu joined El-Kanemi Warriors on loan in the midseason of 2017-18 season, following two-and-a-half seasons with Kwara United. He scored on his debut for El-Kanemi Warriors in the final match of the first round, on 29 April 2018, helping the northeast club secure a 2–0 home win over Nasarawa United. His 54th-minute effort put the icing on the cake, after Antonio De Souza had opened the scoring within eight minutes of the encounter. After seeing out his six-month Elkanemi contract, he signed a two-year deal with MFM FC. On 10 February 2019, Ohanu scored his first goal of the 2018-19 season for MFM in a 3-2 comeback win over Niger Tornadoes in a Group A matchday eight tie at the Agege Stadium. He ended up scoring two goals in eight appearances for MFM during the second half of the 2018-19 season. At the end of the 2018–19 season, Ohanu cut short his two-year MFM deal to join Akwa United on a one-year loan contract. He was unveiled alongside 14 new signings by the Promise Keepers ahead of the 2019-20 Nigeria Professional Football League season on 28 October 2019. Honours Club honours Nigeria National League 2017 Nigeria National League Champion with Kwara United Individual honours Nigeria National League 2017 Nigeria National League Topscorer (21 Goals) References Living people 1998 births Men's association football forwards Nigerian men's footballers Nigeria Professional Football League players Akwa United F.C. players Sportspeople from Imo State Kwara United F.C. players Al-Shorta SC players
31018336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sts.%20Constantine%20and%20Helen%20Serbian%20Orthodox%20Church	Sts. Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church	The Saints Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church is a Serbian Orthodox church located in Galveston, Texas, United States. It is a parish of the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of New Gracanica - Midwestern America. History The eastern orthodox community had existed in the port city of Galveston since 1861 as the parish of Saints Constantine and Helen. By the late 1800s a group of Serbs, Greeks, and Russians appealed to the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church in St. Petersburg, Russia, and Tsar Nicholas II for a church. The Tsar approved the establishment of a church and in 1895 construction began. The building was finished in 1896 and consecration took place on the feast day of Saint Constantine and Saint Helen. Tsar Nicholas II also personally donated icons for the Iconostasis, a gospel book, and a number of sacred vessels. The first priest assigned to the new church was Archimandrite Theoclitos (Triantafilides). Services were originally held in Greek, Russian and Serbian; however, in 1933 the Greek members of the church voted to create a "daughter parish" of Sts. Constantine and Helen and operate it under the Greek Orthodox Church, naming their new church Assumption of the Virgin Mary Greek Orthodox Church. Saints Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church was the first Serbian Orthodox church in the state and its parish is the oldest Orthodox parish in Texas. The church also holds the distinction of being the second oldest Serbian Orthodox church in the United States. Notable clergy Galveston native, Metropolitan Bishop Christopher Kovacevich of the Metropolitanate of Libertyville-Chicago, was born and raised as a member of Saints Constantine and Helen church. As an adult and Metropolitan, he would frequently return to the city and preside at church weddings and baptisms. Gallery See also Serbian Orthodox Church Serbian American References Sources External links "Diocese." Diocese of New Gracanica - Midwestern America. Greek-American culture in Texas Russian-American culture Serbian-American history Churches completed in 1896 Churches in Texas Churches in Galveston, Texas Serbian Orthodox church buildings in the United States Religious organizations established in 1861 19th-century Serbian Orthodox church buildings 1861 establishments in Texas
158383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian%20Islands	Hawaiian Islands	The Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiian: Nā Moku o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaiʻi in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly called the Sandwich Islands, the present name for the archipelago is derived from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. The archipelago sits on the Pacific Plate. The islands are exposed peaks of a great undersea mountain range known as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, formed by volcanic activity over a hotspot in the Earth's mantle. The islands are about from the nearest continent and are part of the Polynesia subregion of Oceania. The U.S. state of Hawaii occupies the archipelago almost in its entirety (including the mostly uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), with the sole exception of Midway Atoll (a United States Minor Outlying Island). Hawaii is the only U.S. state that is situated entirely on an archipelago, and the only state not geographically connected with North America. The Northwestern islands (sometimes called the Leeward Islands) and surrounding seas are protected as a National Monument and World Heritage Site. Islands and reefs The date of the first settlements of the Hawaiian Islands is a topic of continuing debate. Archaeological evidence seems to indicate a settlement as early as 124 AD. Captain James Cook, RN, visited the islands on January 18, 1778, and named them the "Sandwich Islands" in honor of The 4th Earl of Sandwich, who as the First Lord of the Admiralty was one of his sponsors. This name was in use until the 1840s, when the local name "Hawaii" gradually began to take precedence. The Hawaiian Islands have a total land area of . Except for Midway, which is an unincorporated territory of the United States, these islands and islets are administered as Hawaii—the 50th state of the United States. Major islands The eight major islands of Hawaii (Windward Islands) are listed above. All except Kaho'olawe are inhabited. Minor islands, islets The state of Hawaii counts 137 "islands" in the Hawaiian chain. This number includes all minor islands (small islands), islets (even smaller islands) offshore of the major islands (listed above) and individual islets in each atoll. These are just a few: Kaʻula Kāohikaipu Lehua Mānana Mōkōlea Rock Mokolii Moku Manu Mokuauia Moku o Loʻe Moku Ola Mokuʻumeʻume Molokini Nā Mokulua Partial islands, atolls, reefs Partial islands, atolls, reefs (west of Niʻihau are uninhabited except Midway Atoll) form the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Leeward Islands): Nihoa (Mokumana) Necker (Mokumanamana) French Frigate Shoals (Kānemilohaʻi) Gardner Pinnacles (Pūhāhonu) Maro Reef (Nalukākala) Laysan (Kauō) Lisianski Island (Papaʻāpoho) Pearl and Hermes Atoll (Holoikauaua) Midway Atoll (Pihemanu) Kure Atoll (Mokupāpapa) Geology This chain of islands, or archipelago, developed as the Pacific Plate slowly moved northwestward over a hotspot in the Earth's mantle at a rate of approximately per million years. Thus, the southeast island is volcanically active, whereas the islands on the northwest end of the archipelago are older and typically smaller, due to longer exposure to erosion. The age of the archipelago has been estimated using potassium-argon dating methods. From this study and others, it is estimated that the northwesternmost island, Kure Atoll, is the oldest at approximately 28 million years (Ma); while the southeasternmost island, Hawaiʻi, is approximately 0.4 Ma (400,000 years). The only active volcanism in the last 200 years has been on the southeastern island, Hawaiʻi, and on the submerged but growing volcano to the extreme southeast, Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Loʻihi). The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the USGS documents recent volcanic activity and provides images and interpretations of the volcanism. Kīlauea had been erupting nearly continuously since 1983 when it stopped August 2018. Almost all of the magma of the hotspot has the composition of basalt, and so the Hawaiian volcanoes are composed almost entirely of this igneous rock. There is very little coarser-grained gabbro and diabase. Nephelinite is exposed on the islands but is extremely rare. The majority of eruptions in Hawaiʻi are Hawaiian-type eruptions because basaltic magma is relatively fluid compared with magmas typically involved in more explosive eruptions, such as the andesitic magmas that produce some of the spectacular and dangerous eruptions around the margins of the Pacific basin. Hawaiʻi island (the Big Island) is the biggest and youngest island in the chain, built from five volcanoes. Mauna Loa, taking up over half of the Big Island, is the largest shield volcano on the Earth. The measurement from sea level to summit is more than , from sea level to sea floor about . Earthquakes The Hawaiian Islands have many earthquakes, generally caused by volcanic activity. Most of the early earthquake monitoring took place in Hilo, by missionaries Titus Coan, Sarah J. Lyman and her family. Between 1833 and 1896, approximately 4 or 5 earthquakes were reported per year. Hawaii accounted for 7.3% of the United States' reported earthquakes with a magnitude 3.5 or greater from 1974 to 2003, with a total 1533 earthquakes. Hawaii ranked as the state with the third most earthquakes over this time period, after Alaska and California. On October 15, 2006, there was an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.7 off the northwest coast of the island of Hawaii, near the Kona area of the big island. The initial earthquake was followed approximately five minutes later by a magnitude 5.7 aftershock. Minor-to-moderate damage was reported on most of the Big Island. Several major roadways became impassable from rock slides, and effects were felt as far away as Honolulu, Oahu, nearly from the epicenter. Power outages lasted for several hours to days. Several water mains ruptured. No deaths or life-threatening injuries were reported. On May 4, 2018, there was a 6.9 earthquake in the zone of volcanic activity from Kīlauea. Earthquakes are monitored by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory run by the USGS. Tsunamis The Hawaiian Islands are subject to tsunamis, great waves that strike the shore. Tsunamis are most often caused by earthquakes somewhere in the Pacific. The waves produced by the earthquakes travel at speeds of and can affect coastal regions thousands of miles (kilometers) away. Tsunamis may also originate from the Hawaiian Islands. Explosive volcanic activity can cause tsunamis. The island of Molokaʻi had a catastrophic collapse or debris avalanche over a million years ago; this underwater landslide likely caused tsunamis. The Hilina Slump on the island of Hawaiʻi is another potential place for a large landslide and resulting tsunami. The city of Hilo on the Big Island has been most affected by tsunamis, where the in-rushing water is accentuated by the shape of Hilo Bay. Coastal cities have tsunami warning sirens. A tsunami resulting from an earthquake in Chile hit the islands on February 27, 2010. It was relatively minor, but local emergency management officials utilized the latest technology and ordered evacuations in preparation for a possible major event. The Governor declared it a "good drill" for the next major event. A tsunami resulting from an earthquake in Japan hit the islands on March 11, 2011. It was relatively minor, but local officials ordered evacuations in preparation for a possible major event. The tsunami caused about $30.1 million in damages. Volcanos Only the two Hawaiian islands furthest to the southeast have active volcanoes: Haleakalā on Maui, and Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Kilauea, and Hualalai, all on the Big Island. The volcanoes on the remaining islands are extinct as they are no longer over the Hawaii hotspot. The Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount is an active submarine volcano that is expected to become the newest Hawaiian island when it rises above the ocean's surface in 10,000–100,000 years. Hazards from these volcanoes include lava flows that can destroy and bury the surrounding surface, volcanic gas emissions, earthquakes and tsunamis listed above, submarine eruptions affecting the ocean, and the possibility of an explosive eruption. History Ecology The islands are home to a multitude of endemic species. Since human settlement, first by Polynesians, non native trees, plants, and animals were introduced. These included species such as rats and pigs, that have preyed on native birds and invertebrates that initially evolved in the absence of such predators. The growing population of humans has also led to deforestation, forest degradation, treeless grasslands, and environmental degradation. As a result, many species which depended on forest habitats and food became extinct—with many current species facing extinction. As humans cleared land for farming, monocultural crop production replaced multi-species systems. The arrival of the Europeans had a more significant impact, with the promotion of large-scale single-species export agriculture and livestock grazing. This led to increased clearing of forests, and the development of towns, adding many more species to the list of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands. , many of the remaining endemic species are considered endangered. National Monument On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush issued a public proclamation creating Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906. The Monument encompasses the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and surrounding waters, forming the largest marine wildlife reserve in the world. In August 2010, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee added Papahānaumokuākea to its list of World Heritage Sites. On August 26, 2016, President Barack Obama greatly expanded Papahānaumokuākea, quadrupling it from its original size. Climate The Hawaiian Islands are tropical but experience many different climates, depending on altitude and surroundings. The islands receive most rainfall from the trade winds on their north and east flanks (the windward side) as a result of orographic precipitation. Coastal areas in general and especially the south and west flanks, or leeward sides, tend to be drier. In general, the lowlands of Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). Drier conditions generally prevail from May to September. The tropical storms, and occasional hurricanes, tend to occur from July through November. During the summer months the average temperature is about 84 °F (29 °C), in the winter months it is approximately 79 °F (26 °C). As the temperature is relatively constant over the year the probability of dangerous thunderstorms is approximately low. See also Hawaii Inter-Island Cable System Index of Hawaii-related articles List of birds of Hawaii List of fish of Hawaii List of mountain peaks of Hawaii List of Ultras of Hawaii Maritime fur trade Outline of Hawaii Notes References Further reading An integrated information website focused on the Hawaiian Archipelago from the Pacific Region Integrated Data Enterprise (PRIDE). 1970 edition: The Ocean Atlas of Hawai‘i – SOEST at University of Hawaii. Volcano World ; Your World is Erupting – Oregon State University College of Science Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean Archipelagoes of Oceania Archipelagoes of the United States Geography of Polynesia Islands Hudson's Bay Company trading posts Physical oceanography Eastern Indo-Pacific Marine ecoregions
2189176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Deppe	Ferdinand Deppe	Paul Ferdinand Deppe but known mostly as Ferdinand Deppe (20 October 1795 – 3 February 1861) was a German naturalist, explorer and painter. He was the younger brother of Wilhelm Deppe, an accountant with the Berlin Zoological Museum. A number of species have been described from his collected and named after him. Life and work Deppe was born in Berlin. He worked at the Royal Gardens but was connected to the Zoological Museum in Berlin where his brother Wilhelm was accountant. He was selected to accompany Count von Sack to Mexico in 1824. He studied English, Spanish and trained in the preparation of natural history specimens before leaving. He left Berlin in August 1824 and after changes of ships at London and Jamaica, reached Alvarado, Veracruz in December. He collected specimens of invertebrates as well as vertebrates. These specimens were purchased by Hinrich Lichtenstein and he then decided to make another trip to Mexico with botanist Wilhelm Schiede (1798-1836) with the plan to make a living by selling natural history specimens. In 1827 he travelled around Oaxaca and collected with William Bullock jr, the son of William Bullock. In 1828 he set up a base in Xalapa and began to collect in the region. Some of the specimens were bought by museums in Berlin and Vienna. From 1830 Schiede practiced medicine in Mexico City while Deppe began to try various other businesses to make living. He travelled widely, collecting even in California and Hawaii. He returned in 1838 to Berlin. Some of his American flies were described by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann in Aussereuropäische Zweiflügelige Insekten published in Hamm (1828–1830). In the field of herpetology, he is commemorated in the specific epithets of Abronia deppii (Deppe's arboreal alligator lizard), Aspidoscelis deppii (blackbelly racerunner), Pituophis deppei (Mexican pine snake), and Tantilla deppei (Deppe's centipede snake). His name is also associated with Herichthys deppii (Nautla cichlid), Deppe's squirrel (Sciurus deppei) and Oxalis deppei, the so-called "lucky four-leaf clover". In 1830 a printed pricelist was distributed listing specimens for sale with the title: Preis-Verzeichniss der Saugethiere, Vogel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden, und bei dem unterzeichneten BevollmLhtigten in Berlin gegen baare Zahlung in Preuss. Courant zu erhalten sind. The items had been collected by Ferdinand Deppe in Mexico and the binomial names would have been supplied by Hinrich Lichtenstein who was the director of the Zoological Museum. This list was signed by Wilhelm Deppe and is now considered as the original publication for 11 bird species. Although Ferdinand Deppe collected the specimens, under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Wilhelm Deppe is considered as the authority. Associated publications "Travels in California in 1837"; (1953) Part of the series: Early California travels series, 15. Translated from a publication of 1847, Zeitschrift für Erdkunde, vol. 7, p. 383–90. References 1795 births 1861 deaths Scientists from Berlin German naturalists 19th-century German scientists German entomologists German explorers German ornithologists Artists from Berlin
109175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretna%2C%20Florida	Gretna, Florida	Gretna is a city in Gadsden County, Florida, United States. The population is majority African American and was 1,460 as of the 2010 census, down from 1,709 at the 2000 census. It is on U.S. 90 approximately south of the Florida-Georgia border. Gretna is part of the Tallahassee, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. History A settlement was established in Gretna in 1897 by Humphrey Company. Gretna was platted as a town in 1905. R. A. Gray served as principal at the Gretna School. Sunny Dell Baptist Church and school served the community until Gretna School was built in 1908. A historical marker commemorates its history. The Florida Archives have photographs from Gretna including the Sunny Dell school, Presbyterian church, and W. P. Humphrey Company buildings including its turpentine still. The Colored American Appeal was a Republican Party affiliated newspaper serving the community. Florida A&M University and its business school led by Sybil C. Mobley in nearby Tallahassee, Florida announced a rehabilitation program for the majority African American community in 1974. Geography Gretna is in west-central Gadsden County at (30.615598, –84.662457). The city limits have expanded south and west to encompass part of Interstate 10; the city is now bordered on the south by Greensboro. U.S. Route 90 passes through Gretna as Main Street; it leads southeast to Quincy, the Gadsden County seat, and northwest to Chattahoochee. Interstate 10 passes through the southwest part of Gretna, with access from Exit 174 (Florida State Road 12). I-10 leads east to Tallahassee and west to Pensacola. SR 12 leads southwest to Bristol, and SR 65 leads south to Hosford. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Gretna has a total area of , of which , or 0.13%, is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,357 people, 465 households, and 253 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,709 people, 503 households, and 401 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 553 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 88.41% African American, 6.14% White, 0.18% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 4.68% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.65% of the population. There were 503 households, out of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 31.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.40 and the average family size was 3.84. In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.0% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $24,769, and the median income for a family was $26,176. Males had a median income of $20,819 versus $17,955 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,062. About 25.9% of families and 30.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.3% of those under age 18 and 24.2% of those age 65 or over. Government and infrastructure The U.S. Postal Service operates the Gretna Post Office. The county government operates the Brenda A. Holt Gadsden County Gretna Public Safety Complex. The Gretna Volunteer Fire Department operates one fire station. The Gadsden Connector, a Big Bend Transit bus route, has a stop in Gretna. Education The Gadsden County School District operates area public schools. Residents in PreK–3 are served by Greensboro Primary School and residents in grades 4–5 are served by West Gadsden Middle School. Gretna Elementary School, which previously served elementary school students, closed in 2017. Gadsden County High School (previously East Gadsden High School) is the only zoned high school in the county, due to the consolidation of West Gadsden High School's high school section into East Gadsden High. Gallery References External links City of Gretna official website Cities in Gadsden County, Florida Tallahassee metropolitan area Cities in Florida African-American history of Florida
10218255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osbeckia	Osbeckia	Osbeckia is a genus of plants in the family Melastomataceae. It was named by Carl Linnaeus for the Swedish explorer and naturalist Pehr Osbeck (1723–1805). Distribution Osbeckias are native to Eastern Asia — China, Japan, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka and Australasia. Some species have been investigated as herbal remedies. Accepted species The following 11 species are accepted botanical names. Osbeckia afzelii (Hook. f.) Cogn. Osbeckia capitata Benth. ex Naudin Osbeckia chinensis L. Osbeckia crinita Benth. ex C.B. Clarke Osbeckia decandra (Sm.) DC. Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. f. Osbeckia nutans Wall. ex C.B. Clarke Osbeckia porteresii Jacq.-Fél. Osbeckia praviantha Jacq.-Fél. Osbeckia stellata Buch.-Ham. ex Ker Gawl. Osbeckia tubulosa Sm. Unresolved species Following botanical names are used in the texts, but categorized as Unresolved by The Plant List. Osbeckia aspera Bl. Osbeckia brachystemon Naudin Osbeckia calotricha A. Chev. Osbeckia capitata Benth. ex Walp. Osbeckia ciliaris Ser. ex DC. Osbeckia cogniauxiana De Wild. Osbeckia crepiniana Cogn. Osbeckia cupularis D. Don ex Wight & Arn. Osbeckia elliptica Naudin Osbeckia incana E. Mey. ex Hochst. Osbeckia lanata Alston Osbeckia leschnaultiana DC. Osbeckia liberica Stapf Osbeckia mehrana Giri & Nayar Osbeckia muralis Naudin Osbeckia octandra DC. Osbeckia porteresii Jacq.-Fél. Osbeckia praviantha Jacq.-Fél. Osbeckia pusilla De Wild. Osbeckia reticulata Bedd. Osbeckia rubicunda Arn. Osbeckia septemnervia Ham. ex Craib Osbeckia tubulosa Sm. Osbeckia umlaasiana Hochst. Osbeckia virgata D. Don ex Wight & Arn. Osbeckia wattii Craib Osbeckia wynaadensis C.B. Clarke Osbeckia zeylanica Steud. ex Naudin References External links Melastomataceae genera Medicinal plants Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
20011421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycuan%20Institute%20on%20Tribal%20Gaming	Sycuan Institute on Tribal Gaming	The Sycuan Institute on Tribal Gaming at the San Diego State University College of Professional Studies & Fine Arts is focused on research, policy and education around tribal gaming management within the broader industry of hospitality and tourism management. Endowment and administration The Institute is managed and operated by the interdisciplinary Hospitality and Tourism Management Program at SDSU and supported by an endowment from the tribal council of the Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation. The endowment was established in 2005 with a $5 million gift from the Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation, and continual payments of $474,000 on a yearly basis. In 2019, the Institute announced a partnership with the National Indian Gaming Commission to enhance and expand data collection and research. Academic curriculum Under the terms of the endowment, the Institute has created an academic curriculum leading to a B.S. in Hospitality and Tourism Management with an emphasis in Tribal Casino Operations Management. The courses include casino operations, casino marketing and public relations, legal and regulatory issues and an introduction to tribal gaming's social, political and cultural context, along with elective courses on responsible gaming. Research center The Research Center funds, produces and disseminates unbiased research on tribal government gaming issues. See also Mission Indians National Indian Gaming Commission References External links Kumeyaay San Diego State University Native American topics Native American studies Hospitality schools in the United States Ethnic studies organizations Native American casinos Native American history of California
64646541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyrin%20railway%20station	Meyrin railway station	Meyrin railway station (), formerly known as Vernier-Meyrin, is a railway station in the municipality of Meyrin, in the Swiss canton of Geneva. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Lyon–Geneva line of Swiss Federal Railways. Services The following services stop at Meyrin: Léman Express: : service between and . : service between and Genève-Cornavin. References External links Railway stations in the canton of Geneva Swiss Federal Railways stations Lyon–Geneva railway
32625736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiar%20%28mountain%20range%29	Žiar (mountain range)	Žiar () is a mountain range in the Trenčín Region of northwestern Slovakia, part of the ranges of the Fatra-Tatra Area of the Inner Western Carpathians. The chain stretches from the northwest to southeast in a curved arc 30 kilometers long and 5 to 7 kilometers wide. Almost completely forested, the highest point of the range is Chlieviská (1024 meters), in the northern part of the group. Mountain ranges of Slovakia Mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians
63690132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Youngstown%20State%20Penguins%20football%20team	2020 Youngstown State Penguins football team	The 2020 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University as a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by first-year head coach Doug Phillips and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. Schedule References Youngstown State Youngstown State Penguins football seasons Youngstown State Penguins football
65160369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Neyt	Maurice Neyt	Maurice Neyt (13 August 1928 – 20 February 2006) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1952 Tour de France. References 1928 births 2006 deaths Belgian male cyclists Place of birth missing 20th-century Belgian people
12559102	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Route%20326	Pennsylvania Route 326	Pennsylvania Route 326 (PA 326) is a state highway located in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. The southern terminus is at the Maryland state line near Flintstone, Maryland. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 30 (US 30) east of Bedford. Route description PA 326 begins at the Maryland border in Southampton Township, where the road connects to Black Valley Road and Gap Road NE south of the state line. From this point, the route heads north on two-lane undivided South Black Valley Road, passing through an agricultural valley with some woods and homes. The road curves more to the northeast, turning east onto Chaneysville Road and passing through a gap in Warrior Ridge. PA 326 reaches the community of Hewitt, at which point the road winds north through farmland and woodland in another narrow valley. The route continues through the valley for several miles, curving east before turning north onto Chaneysville Cove Road near the community of Chaneysville. The road curves northwest and passes through another gap in warrior ridge, at which point it passes through a portion of the Buchanan State Forest. PA 326 turns north onto Black Valley Road and runs through forested areas with some farms. The route bears west onto Main Road, turning west into forests and crossing Tussey Mountain. After a bend to the north, the road heads into Monroe Township and passes through more of the Buchanan State Forest. PA 326 enters Colerain Township and leaves the state forest, curving to the northwest. The road heads into an agricultural valley and turns north, crossing into the borough of Rainsburg. Here, the route passes several homes. PA 326 heads back into Colerain Township and enters open agricultural areas, passing through Beegletown and Charlesville. After the latter, the route turns north onto Egolf Road, heading through more agricultural areas with some woods and homes. The surroundings become more forested before the road passes through more farmland with a few woods and residences, bending to the north-northeast. PA 326 crosses into Snake Spring Township, where it makes a turn northwest to continue along Egolf Road. The road passes through wooded areas with a few homes, running to the southwest of the Raystown Branch Juniata River. PA 326 reaches its northern terminus at an intersection with US 30 east of the borough of Bedford. Major intersections See also References External links Pennsylvania Highways: PA 326 326 Transportation in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
73834299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominkovica	Dominkovica	Dominkovica is a village in Croatia. Demographics According to the 2021 census, its population was 36. References Populated places in Bjelovar-Bilogora County
3444276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Swingin%27%20Affair	A Swingin' Affair	A Swingin' Affair is a 1962 album by saxophonist Dexter Gordon, recorded two days after Go!, and with the same line-up. Recording and music The album was recorded at Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, on August 29, 1962. Gordon's quartet contained pianist Sonny Clark, bassist Butch Warren, and drummer Billy Higgins. Of the six compositions, three are standards, two were written by Gordon, and one was contributed by Warren. Release and reception A Swingin' Affair was released in early October 1964. The Penguin Guide to Jazz picked "You Stepped Out of a Dream" as the album's highlight, but described the session as a "not altogether riveting date". Track listing "Soy Califa" (Gordon) – 6:27 "Don't Explain" (Herzog Jr., Holiday) – 6:06 "You Stepped Out of a Dream" (Brown, Kahn) – 6:34 "The Backbone" (Butch Warren) – 6:48 "Until the Real Thing Comes Along" (Cahn, Chaplin, L.E. Freeman, Mann Holiner, Alberta Nichols) – 6:49 "McSplivens" (Gordon) – 5:43 Personnel Dexter Gordon – tenor saxophone Sonny Clark – piano Butch Warren – bass Billy Higgins – drums References 1964 albums Dexter Gordon albums Blue Note Records albums
66197803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Christmas%20Carol%20%282020%20film%29	A Christmas Carol (2020 film)	A Christmas Carol is a 2020 British Christmas drama dance film directed by Jacqui Morris and David Morris and based on Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. It features the voices of Simon Russell Beale, Siân Phillips, Carey Mulligan, Daniel Kaluuya, Andy Serkis, Martin Freeman and Leslie Caron. It received mixed reviews from critics. Plot The story starts with a grandmother narrating the story to her children as the children prepare a toy theatre for their annual performance of A Christmas Carol. The movie enters the imagination of Emily - the young girl in the family, and the cardboard stage transforms to reveal a magical world. A close adaptation of the book's prose, this version of A Christmas Carol opens on a bleak, cold Christmas Eve in London, seven years after the death of Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner, Jacob Marley. Scrooge, an elderly miser, despises Christmas and refuses a dinner invitation from his nephew Fred, the son of Scrooge's long-dead sister Fan. He turns away two men who seek a donation from him to provide food and heating for the poor and only grudgingly allows his overworked, underpaid clerk, Bob Cratchit, Christmas Day off with pay to conform to the social custom. That night Scrooge is visited at home by Marley's ghost, who wanders the Earth entwined by heavy chains and money boxes forged during a lifetime of greed and selfishness. Marley tells Scrooge that he has one chance to avoid the same fate: he will be visited by three spirits and must listen or be cursed to carry much heavier chains of his own. The first spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Past, takes Scrooge to Christmas scenes of his boyhood. The scenes reveal Scrooge's lonely childhood at boarding school, his relationship with his beloved sister Fan, and a Christmas party hosted by his first employer, Mr Fezziwig, who treated him like a son. Scrooge's neglected fiancée Belle is shown ending their relationship, as she realizes that he will never love her as much as he loves money. Finally, they visit a now-married Belle with her large, happy family on the Christmas Eve that Marley died. When Belle speaks of Scrooge with pity, demands that the ghost remove him from the house. The second spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Present, takes Scrooge to a joyous market with people buying the makings of Christmas dinner and to celebrations of Christmas in a miner's cottage and in a lighthouse. Scrooge and the ghost also visit Fred's Christmas party. A major part of this stave is taken up with Bob Cratchit's family feast and introduces his youngest son Tiny Tim, who is seriously ill. The spirit informs Scrooge that Tiny Tim will die unless the course of events changes. Before disappearing, the spirit shows Scrooge two hideous, emaciated children named Ignorance and Want. He tells Scrooge to beware the former above all and mocks Scrooge's concern for their welfare. A short, heavily-edited dance number demonstrates what the two children might become; Ignorance, a street fighter, and Want, a prostitute. The third spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, shows Scrooge a Christmas Day in the future. The silent ghost reveals scenes involving the death of a disliked man whose funeral is attended by local businessmen only on condition that lunch is provided. His charwoman, laundress and the local undertaker steal his possessions to sell to a fence. When he asks the spirit to show a single person who feels emotion over his death, he is only given the pleasure of a poor couple who rejoice that his death gives them more time to put their finances in order. When Scrooge asks to see tenderness connected with any death, the ghost shows him Bob Cratchit and his family mourning the death of Tiny Tim. The ghost then allows Scrooge to see a neglected grave, with a tombstone bearing Scrooge's name. Sobbing, Scrooge pledges to change his ways. Scrooge awakens on Christmas morning a changed man. He makes a large donation to the charity he rejected the previous day, anonymously sends a large turkey to the Cratchit home for Christmas dinner and spends the afternoon with Fred's family. The following day he gives Cratchit an increase in pay, and begins to become a father figure to Tiny Tim. From then on, Scrooge treats everyone with kindness, generosity and compassion, embodying the spirit of Christmas. Emily is delighted by the performance and the grandmother finishes her narration. Cast Siân Phillips as Grandmother/Narrator Thea Achillea as Emily Michael Nunn as Ebenezer Scrooge Simon Russell Beale as the voice of Ebenezer Scrooge Grace Jabbari as Belle Carey Mulligan as the voice of Belle Brekke Fagerlund Karl as Bob Cratchit/The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come Martin Freeman as the voice of Bob Cratchit Mikey Boateng as The Ghost of Christmas Present Daniel Kaluuya as the voice of The Ghost of Christmas Present Russell Maliphant as Marley's Ghost Andy Serkis as the voice of Marley's Ghost Dana Maliphant as The Ghost of Christmas Past Leslie Caron as the voice of The Ghost of Christmas Past Danil Golovam as Tiny Tim Archie Durrant as the voice of Tiny Tim Simone Donati as Fred Oliver John Lock as Fred's voice Faith Prendergast as Martha Sydney Craven as the voice of Martha Elleanor Perry as Sarah Sarah Schoenbeck as Sarah's voice Robert Cotton as Father Georgina Sutcliffe as Mother Release The film was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2020. It was also released theatrically in the United States on 4 December 2020. Reception The film has rating on Rotten Tomatoes from reviews. Tracey Petherick of Common Sense Media awarded the film four stars out of five. Stephen Dalton of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, calling it "Technically impressive but dramatically flat." Martin Unsworth of Starburst gave the film a positive review and wrote, "It’s a tale that has been retold numerous times to varying effect. This adaptation utilises Charles Dickens’ original text as a spoken story over a dazzling ballet-esque depiction of the ultimate Yuletide story." See also List of Christmas films Adaptations of A Christmas Carol References External links 2020 films Films based on A Christmas Carol British Christmas drama films 2020s English-language films 2020s British films
4009910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taggart%20%28film%29	Taggart (film)	Taggart is a 1964 American Western film directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Tony Young and Dan Duryea. It was the film debut of David Carradine. Plot Just arriving at their newly bought land, Kent Taggart's family has their cattle stampeded and they are murdered by Ben Blazer and his son. Blazer results seriously wounded. Later in a fair gunfight Kent kills Blazer's son. With his last breath, Blazer sends three gunfighters to find and kill Kent: Vince August, Cal Dodge, and Jay Jason, who is a particularly talkative and vicious killer. In his escape, Taggart heads towards territory that has fallen in Apache hands, followed by the gunfighters. In a semiabandoned town, Taggart helps a lady in trouble at a saloon, getting in return her help and the bartender's. Caught by the gunfighters, he manages to kill Cal and flee. Later, he finds a couple who are fighting with Apaches. Taggart joins them, and also the gunfighters do. Vince results wounded, and Jay disarms Taggart. The couple helps him to escape. With no horse or gun, Taggart hides in a rocky hill, where he gets caught by an old man, Adam Stark, and his daughter Miriam. They take him to their dwelling, where there is another young woman, Adam's wife Consuela. They treat him as a dangerous prisoner, but later that night, Consuela visits him and makes unequivocal advances, promising Taggart riches and happiness if he takes her away from that place. They are surprised by Miriam, who stops the offering and the women have an angry exchange, but as has happened before, Miriam won't tell her father what his wife is doing. The next day, when Taggart is escaping, he saves Stark's life from an Apache attack. Stark changes his mind about him, and shows Taggart the reason why they haven't left: a gold mine in the property. Stark fills a couple of bags with gold rocks and prepares to leave, before the next Apache attack. Meanwhile, Jay has killed Vince because he had become a hindrance, so he arrives alone at the Stark place. Taggart explains he is a hired killer, and Jay explains he is pursuing a murderer. The Starks favor Taggart over Jay. Later that night, Consuela visits Jay and makes unequivocal advances, promising him riches and happiness if he takes her away from that place. Jay is happy to oblige. Another Apache attack happens and Stark results wounded. Jay and Consuela escape with the gold; the Starks head to a fort, with Taggart ahead as a scout. Jay and Consuela meet a cavalrymen supplies convoy and join them for protection. While they are traveling in one of the Cavalry wagons, Consuela tells Jay she has changed her mind and wants to leave him. Jay attacks her, leaves her for dead, gets the gold, horses, and manages to escape moments before the Apache surround and destroy the Cavalry convoy. Jay arrives at the fort and asks for new horses to keep running. The officer in command asks whether he has seen the reinforcements they are expecting, Jay says he hasn't seen anything but the destroyed convoy. The officer orders Jay to stay and fight. Taggart pass by the rests of the convoy, reunites with the Starks, and later they arrive at the same fort. And so, Taggart, the Starks and the soldiers must defend themselves from a fierce Apache attack while hoping for the reinforcements and Jay is trying to escape with the gold before Taggart sees him. Cast Tony Young as Kent Taggart Dan Duryea as Jay Jason Dick Foran as Adam Stark Elsa Cárdenas as Consuela Stark Jean Hale as Miriam Stark Emile Meyer as Ben Blazer Tom Reese as Vince August David Carradine as Cal Dodge Peter Duryea as Rusty Bob Blazer Ray Teal as Ralph Taggart Claudia Barrett as Lola Manners Stuart Randall as Sheriff Peter Mamakos as Cantina owner Arthur Space as Colonel Bill McLean as Doctor Harry Carey Jr. as Lt. Hudson William Henry as Army Sergeant See also List of American films of 1964 External links 1964 films 1964 Western (genre) films Universal Pictures films Films based on American novels Films based on Western (genre) novels Films directed by R. G. Springsteen Films scored by Herman Stein American Western (genre) films 1960s English-language films 1960s American films
57708117	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMS-641988	BMS-641988	BMS-641988 is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen which was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb for the treatment of prostate cancer but was never marketed. It acts as a potent competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) (Ki = 10 nM; = 56 nM). The drug was found to have 20-fold higher affinity for the AR than bicalutamide in MDA-MB-453 cells, and showed 3- to 7-fold the antiandrogenic activity of bicalutamide in vitro. It may have some weak partial agonist activity at the androgen receptor. BMS-641988 is transformed by CYP3A4 into BMS-570511, and this metabolite is then reduced to BMS-501949 by cytosolic reductases. All three compounds show similar antiandrogenic activity. In addition to its antiandrogenic activity, BMS-641988 shows activity as a negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, and can produce seizures in animals at sufficiently high doses. It also shows some drug-induced QT prolongation. BMS-641988 reached phase I clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development. The clinical development of BMS-641988 was terminated due to the occurrence of a seizure in a patient during a phase I study. References External links BMS-641988 - AdisInsight Abandoned drugs GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Hormonal antineoplastic drugs Nitriles Nonsteroidal antiandrogens Prostate cancer Sulfonamides Trifluoromethyl compounds Imides
28388520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlasa%C4%8De	Vlasače	Vlasače () is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. References Villages in Republika Srpska Populated places in Trebinje
4704503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhye	Sikhye	Sikhye (식혜, also spelled shikhye or shikeh; also occasionally termed dansul or gamju) is a traditional sweet Korean rice beverage, usually served as a dessert. In addition to its liquid ingredients, Sikhye contains grains of cooked rice and in some cases pine nuts. It is similar to the Chinese jiuniang and Japanese amazake. It is also a popular beverage in South Korea, often found in the beverage sections of convenience stores. Preparation Sikhye is made by pouring malt water onto cooked rice. The malt water steeps in the rice at typically 62 degrees Celsius until grains of rice appear on the surface. The liquid is filtered and boiled until it gets sweet enough (no sugar is added to this drink). In South Korea and in overseas Korean grocery stores, sikhye is readily available in cans or plastic bottles. One of the largest South Korean producers of sikhye is the Vilac company of Busan. Most canned sikhye typically have a residue of cooked rice at the bottom. Homemade sikhye is often served after a meal in a Korean restaurant. Regional variations There are several regional variations of sikhye. These include Andong sikhye and yeonyeop sikhye or yeonyeopju, a variety of sikhye made in Gangwon province. Andong sikhye differs in that it includes radishes, carrots, and powdered red pepper. Also, it is fermented for several days as opposed to being boiled. The crunchy texture of the radish is kept despite the longer fermentation process; a soft texture would indicate an inferior product. Whereas the sweet canned or restaurant sikhye is enjoyed as a dessert beverage, Andong sikhye is appreciated as a digestive aid, containing lactobacillus. Names Sikhye is also referred to by the names dansul (단술) and gamju (감주; 甘酒). Both of these names mean "sweet wine." However, they are also used to refer to a different, slightly alcoholic rice drink called gamju. Hobak-sikhye Hobak-sikhye (pumpkin sikhye) is a water-boiled broth with pumpkin, steamed rice, and malt. It is fermented for several days at a proper temperature. Some sugar is added to taste sweet. Andong sikhye It is original sikhye in Andong, South Korea. It is a little bit different from other Sikhyes. This Sikhye's color is light red with red pepper added. Yeonyeop-sikhye Yeonyeop-sikhye is made by wrapping the hot glutinous rice, sake, and honey in a lotus leaf. Before drinking, put up a few pieces of pine nuts. Effects Sikhye is believed to aid digestion, as it contains dietary fiber and anti-oxidants. It was regularly served to royalty after meals to help digestion. Sikhye is said to help people who have a "cold" constitution to be warm and also helps those who have too "warm" constitution to be less warm. It is also believed to be very helpful for relieving hangovers. Origin of the word Sikhye is a word that does not exist in China or Japan, but rather a Korean word similar to "shikhye" with similar pronunciation and meaning. Sik (or Sak) is related with mature and Hye is making alcohol or sweet juice. These two words were combined to form. However, there is not yet a solid literary basis for etymology. Preparation Barley is sprouted in water, then ground, filtered, and fermented. Gallery See also Gamju Korean cuisine Korean tea Plant milk Rice milk Sujeonggwa Sungnyung References External links Picture Naver Encyclopedia article, in Korean Netcooks recipe Lifeinkorea recipe Fermented drinks Korean drinks Rice drinks Andong Korean cuisine
26983586	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platycythara	Platycythara	Platycythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. Species Species within the genus Platycythara include: Platycythara curta (Dall, 1919) Platycythara elata (Dall, 1889) Platycythara electra (Dall, 1919) † Platycythara eurystoma W.P. Woodring, 1928 Species brought intoi synonymy † Platycythara metria (Dall 1903): synonym of Vitricythara metria (Dall, 1903) References Woodring, W. P. "Miocene molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the geology and palaeontology of the West Indies." Carnegie Institute Washington Publication 385 (1928): 144-201. External links Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308 Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Mangeliidae Gastropod genera
22508517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okaikwei%20South	Okaikwei South	Okaikwei South is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Okaikwei South is located in the Accra Metropolitan Assembly of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Members of Parliament Elections See also List of Ghana Parliament constituencies References Parliamentary constituencies in the Greater Accra Region
30233395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus%20Bowman	Thaddeus Bowman	Thaddeus Bowman was the last scout sent out by Capt. John Parker at Lexington, Massachusetts, but the only one to find the approaching British troops and get back to warn the militia on the first day of the American Revolution ("the shot heard 'round the world"). Background In early 1775, the British commander in America, Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage, knew first-hand the level of colonial dissatisfaction with British policies on the rights of the colonists. He feared this could lead to serious violence, and he was under pressure from England to do something to show the power of the Crown. He also knew, through informants, that the patriots had stored a large quantity of gunpowder, cannon and other military supplies in Concord. By sending an expeditionary force out from Boston to seize these supplies, he intended to show the might of the British Empire and hoped to prevent any future hostilities with the colonists. Patriot leaders, such as John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, Dr. Joseph Warren, James Otis, Jr., Benjamin Edes and John Gill, were not only mobilizing public opinion against restrictive British policies, but also kept close tabs on the activities of the British troops in Boston. Edes and Gill were the publishers of the Boston Gazette, a newspaper which printed the multitude of articles written by Samuel Adams, laying out the patriot cause. Their print shop was a favorite meeting place for the leaders of the movement. On the night of April 18, 1775, the expeditionary force of over 700 soldiers left Boston. Paul Revere rode to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams, who were staying in Lexington (which is on the way to Concord), to leave so they would not be arrested by the British force. Revere had previously arranged the famous lantern signal from the Old North Church to patriots on the other side of the Charles River, so they could spread the word, in case Revere was prevented from leaving Boston. Revere made it to Lexington at midnight, where he alarmed the town, Adams and Hancock, as well as set in motion a network of alarm riders that fanned out across the colony. John Parker, the captain of the Lexington Militia, mustered his men on Lexington Green and held an impromptu town meeting in the open air. Samuel Adams, John Hancock and Jonas Clarke, the town minister, were there. "The Shot Heard 'Round the World" and Bowman's Role As any good commander does, Parker wanted as much information as possible on the situation he was about to face. So, he sent out scouts, one of whom was Thaddeus Bowman. One scout made it as far as Cambridge and back, and reported seeing no sign of British Regulars. There had been false alarms before, and Parker also knew that the supplies at Concord had been dispersed to other towns and/or hidden. Previous British expeditions to other towns had resulted in no bloodshed and no discovery of any colonial arms - just a tiring exercise for the king's troops. If the troops were actually coming, it was likely that they would march through town, reach Concord, find nothing, and return to Boston empty-handed. Parker dismissed his men, but instructed them to stay within the sound of a drum. At about 4:15 a.m., Thaddeus Bowman came riding up at a full gallop. He had found the Regulars, but had been trapped on the road behind them, and unable to get back to warn the town earlier. He reported to Capt. Parker that they were already past "the Rocks," a landmark which meant that they were less than half an hour away. Capt. Parker instantly mustered his company, ordering his drummer, William Diamond, to beat "To Arms," a long roll. The town bell was sounded and alarm guns were fired. At Lexington Green, the road to Bedford meets the road from Boston to Concord. Parker formed up his men in the open Common between these two roads, in parade ground formation. They were not hiding behind stone walls. His purpose was to show colonial determination, but not to block either road, and not to provoke a fight. His orders to his men were, "Let the troops pass by. Don't molest them, without they being first." Unfortunately, the lead companies of the British force went right at the fork in the road (toward Bedford instead of Concord), and the key officers in charge were further back in the column. Major John Pitcairn, seeing the mistake, rode quickly forward, but too late to alter the course of the rapidly unfolding events. The lead companies saw the militia and formed up into a line of battle. A shot was fired - no one knows by whom. Both sides denied shooting first, and that could well be true. There were many spectators milling around, some of whom had spent the evening in Buckman Tavern, which is across the street from the Green. The first shot could have come from one of them. Regardless, the Regulars reacted to it and started firing, then charged the militia and bayoneted anyone left on the field. Seven Lexington men were killed, and nine wounded. That's 25% casualties in ten minutes. Hearing the skirmish, British Lt. Col. Francis Smith rode up and knew what to do. He found a drummer and ordered him to beat "Cease Fire." He reformed his troops and marched them off to Concord. Capt. Parker got his revenge though. He performed what Gen. John Galvin has called a "miracle of leadership, regrouping and reanimating his company after the Regulars overran it in the dawn attack... Somehow he was able to transform the scattered and demoralized soldiers into a fighting unit again, determined to avenge the loss of their comrades by meeting the British on their return from Concord." Meet them they did. The Lexington militia company set up an effective ambush from good cover at a bend in the road at the Lexington town line. They took a heavy toll on the Regulars, including hitting the commanding officer. Lt. Col. Smith took a musket ball in the thigh which also unhorsed him. By now, angry militia companies from all over Massachusetts, and even adjoining colonies, were converging on the area. The British column began taking fire from all sides. If Lt. Gen. Gage had not sent out another thousand troops as re-enforcements, along with two cannon, the initial 700 would have never made it back to Boston. Gallery Personal information Born: September 2, 1712 Married: Sarah Fisk Loring, December 2, 1736 Age on April 19, 1775: 62 years old Died: May 26, 1806 Buried: Congregational Church, New Braintree, Massachusetts References External links Minute Man National Historic Park Web site Lexington Historical Society Web site American Revolution Web site Massachusetts militiamen in the American Revolution People of colonial Massachusetts 1743 births 1806 deaths
62345996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khari%20Blasingame	Khari Blasingame	Khari Thomas Blasingame (born July 1, 1996) is an American football fullback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Vanderbilt, and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Minnesota Vikings in 2019. High school career Blasingame was a two-year captain and two-way starter at safety and running back for Buckhorn High School in Huntsville, Alabama. In his senior year, Blasingame posted 64 tackles, two interceptions, 966 rushing yards, and 10 touchdowns. As a three-star safety, Blasingame committed to Vanderbilt. He also received offers from Minnesota and Northwestern. College career Blasingame signed with Vanderbilt as a linebacker in 2015. He started seven games in his freshman year, and recorded 12 total tackles. He switched positions to halfback, the position he had played in high school, and he did significantly better. Blasingame started 13 games, carried the ball 97 times for 446 yards and 10 touchdowns. He was significantly better at running than catching, though, as he only got four receptions for eight yards. In his junior year, he was not the full-time starter, only starting 10 games. He carried the ball half as much that season, rushing 45 times for a very low 147 yards and no touchdowns. His only touchdown in 2017 was a reception, one of the six that season, as well as recording 52 total receiving yards. In his senior year, Blasingame settled into becoming the full-time starter, taking 96 carries for 400 yards and five touchdowns, as well as catching significantly more balls, racking up 25 catches for 320 yards and a touchdown. In 2019, Blasingame was named the Arthur Ashe Jr. Male Sports Scholar by Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. Professional career Minnesota Vikings After going undrafted, the Minnesota Vikings signed Blasingame as an undrafted free agent on May 3, 2019. He was waived on August 31, 2019, and was signed to the practice squad the next day. Tennessee Titans On November 13, 2019, the Tennessee Titans signed Blasingame to their active roster off the Vikings practice squad. In Week 14, Blasingame caught two passes for 47 yards against the Oakland Raiders. Blasingame was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on October 4, 2020, and was activated from the list on October 16. Blasingame signed a one-year contract extension with the Titans on March 5, 2021. He was placed on injured reserve on November 6, 2021. He was activated on November 27. Chicago Bears On March 22, 2022, Blasingame signed a one-year contract with the Chicago Bears. Blasingame was one of the lowest-graded Bears players through the first six games of the season by Pro Football Focus. He signed a two-year contract extension on March 8, 2023. Blasingame became the Bears' emergency running back during the team's week 5 matchup against the Washington Commanders following injuries to the team's three running backs. He carried the ball eight times for 26 yards. Blasingame only had three rushing attempts in his entire career prior to the game. References External links Chicago Bears bio Vanderbilt Commodores bio 1996 births Living people American football fullbacks Vanderbilt Commodores football players Players of American football from Huntsville, Alabama Tennessee Titans players Chicago Bears players
39972656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20D.%20Waldman	Steven D. Waldman	Steven D. Waldman is a pain management specialist, author and a pioneer in the sub-specialty of interventional pain management. He holds joint academic appointments as Professor of Anesthesiology and Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics at the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine where he currently serves as Vice Dean and Chairman of the Department of Medical Humanities and Bioethics. Background Waldman holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Geosciences from the University of Missouri–Kansas City, and was one of the first 100 students to be admitted in 1973 to its new medical school, the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine. He was elected a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society and earned his MD in 1977. He completed his internship at Mayo Clinic in 1978 and did his residency in anesthesiology at the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine in Rochester, Minnesota where he also served as President of the Mayo Clinic Fellows Association. Waldman received Masters in Business Administration In Healthcare Administration from City University in 1993 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Kansas School of Law in 1996. Career Waldman was one of the first pain management specialists in the region, founding pain clinics at numerous Kansas City area hospitals. Waldman is credited with coining the term interventional pain management to describe this new subspecialty of pain management that was focused on the use of interventional procedures to treat pain. He holds joint academic appointments as Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics at the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine. He serves as the Inaugural Chairman of the Department of Medical Humanities and Bioethics and a member of the Humanities Advisory Committee in the School of Medicine. He is a founding member of the Sirridge Office of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, helping raise the initial funding for the William Sirridge lectureship, and he is on the advisory board of the Sirridge Office. Waldman currently serves as Vice Dean at the UMKC School of Medicine. He is a Committee Chair of the Academy of Professionalism in Healthcare as well as the President of the Osler Society of Greater Kansas City. Publications He is the author of more than twenty-five textbooks and numerous academic articles on pain management. Select bibliography He contributed the "Pain practice management" subsection to the book Operating room leadership and management. Waldman's Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes has been translated into Spanish, Italian and Polish. Awards and recognition Waldman was Mayo Clinic Fellows Association President and has been the recipient of several accolades and awards: Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society UMKC Alumni Achievement Award for service to the University and School of Medicine. UMKC Medical Humanities Award in recognition of his role in helping found the Sirridge Office of Medical Humanities and Bioethics at the UMKC School of Medicine and his teaching efforts in this area. UMKC Legacy Award (as a member of the Waldman family) UMKC School of Medicine Humanities Award UMKC Alumni Achievement Award Society For Pain Practice Management Distinguished Service Award References External links Facebook profile 1951 births Living people Physicians from Kansas American anesthesiologists University of Missouri–Kansas City faculty University of Missouri–Kansas City alumni American pain physicians
51494274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek%20ship%20Katsonis	Greek ship Katsonis	Four ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Katsonis (Κατσώνης), after the 18th-century naval commander Lambros Katsonis: a Town-class light cruiser that was never delivered due to the outbreak of World War I and served in the British Royal Navy as , a French-built boat of the , in service 1927–1943 , an ex-US GUPPY-IIA boat, in service 1973–1993 , a Type 214 submarine, in service since 2016 Hellenic Navy ship names Set index articles on ships
7124237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deeside%20Leisure%20Centre	Deeside Leisure Centre	Deeside Leisure Centre is a sports centre located in Queensferry, Flintshire. Its facilities include Deeside Ice Rink (an Olympic-sized inline hockey rink), badminton courts, and squash courts. The ice rink is the National Centre for Ice Sports in Wales and is home to the Deeside Dragons, the Flintshire Phantoms and the Deeside Demons ice hockey teams. There has also been a new indoor skate park and gym added to the Leisure Centre. Administration The Leisure Centre is run and controlled by Flintshire County Council which also governs similar leisure centres in towns such as Buckley, Mold and Connah's Quay. It offers an 'actif' membership which offers reduced admission prices over standard admission. Music Venue As well as sports and sporting events, Deeside Leisure Centre has also been used as a venue for music events. Yes performed there in 1980; Genesis performed at the Centre in 1982; Iron Maiden performed there in 1980; and Bob Marley & The Wailers performed in 1980 as well. Deeside Rainbow Hospital During the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic it was converted to the site of the Deeside Rainbow Hospital, and used as a vaccination centre. References External links Deeside Leisure Centre Deeside Ice Rink Indoor ice hockey venues in Wales
69347015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20Necklace%20%28album%29	Gold Necklace (album)	Gold Necklace is the self-titled debut studio album by American progressive rock duo Gold Necklace, composed of American musicians Kurt Travis (vocals) and Brandon Ewing (bass and lead guitar). The album was released on November 12, 2021 through the independent record label Kill Iconic Records, a label owned by Hail the Sun frontman Donovan Melero. Produced by Josh Benton, the album was written and recorded at Pus Cavern Studios in Sacramento, California between March and July 2021. Joseph Arrington wrote, performed, and recorded drums for the album. Gold Necklace is a progressive rock and jazz-fusion album with influences of funk, soul, R&B, and jazz. The album was preceded by three singles. The lead single, "Vibe with Me", was released on September 22, 2021. The second and third singles, "I Felt It Too" and "Tootsie Roll", were each released in October and November, respectively. In support of the album, singer and songwriter Kurt Travis performed select songs from the album, despite being billed under his name rather than Gold Necklace, while touring with Hail the Sun in the United States in September and October 2021. The duo toured on three dates on The Fall of Troy's US headlining tour in December and plan to tour in 2022. Background Following his departure from American post-hardcore band A Lot Like Birds, Kurt Travis began collaborating with other musicians and forming other musical projects. This included the math rock trio Eternity Forever, which also consisted of Strawberry Girls drummer Ben Rosett and former Chon guitarist Brandon Ewing. On April 20, 2017, the trio released their only extended play (EP), Fantasy, before disbanding a few months later. Travis went on to join the post-hardcore band Royal Coda with his former A Lot Like Birds bandmate and drummer Joseph Arrington and former Stolas and Sianvar guitarist Sergio Medina. With Royal Coda, they released their self-titled debut studio album Royal Coda in April 2018 and their second studio album, Compassion, in November 2019, each on Blue Swan Records. Arrington also wrote and recorded drums for Travis' 2019 solo studio album, There's a Place I Want to Take You. In 2021, Travis and Ewing began collaborating once more and named their project Gold Necklace and recruited Arrington as a session member to write and record drums for their debut studio album. Recording Recording sessions for the album spanned from March to July 2021 at Pus Cavern Studios in Sacramento, California, the same recording studio where bands such as Cake, Deftones, Allegiance, and Dance Gavin Dance have recorded records. Josh Benton, formerly of the post-hardcore band Dance Gavin Dance, produced and engineered the album while Kris Crummett served as mastering engineer at Interlace Audio Recording Studios in Portland, Oregon. Track listing Credits and personnel Gold Necklace Kurt Travis – lead vocals Brandon Ewing – lead guitar, bass guitar Additional musicians Joseph Arrington – drums, percussion Production Josh Benton – producer, mixing engineer Kris Crummett – mastering engineer Charts References 2021 debut albums
10454228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesliga	Landesliga	The Landesliga () is a tier of football in some states of the German football league system. In Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, Bremen, Lower Saxony and Hamburg, the Landesligas are set right below the Oberliga and therefore are the sixth tier. The reason for this is that Bavaria, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, and Bremen are the only places in Germany where the Oberliga, the State, and the Verband are geographically the same, while the other two states simply chose to call their leagues Landesligas when establishing them in 1990. In the Middle Rhine and Lower Rhine regions of North Rhine-Westphalia it is also, since 2012, the sixth tier. In Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate (southwestern part only), North Rhine-Westphalia (Westphalia), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, and Berlin, the Landesliga is the seventh tier, below the Verbandsliga. In the Saarland, the Landesligas are set as the eighth tier. Typically, in each Bundesland, the Landesligas are divided into different Staffeln or "divisions". In Bavaria, the Landesliga is divided into five divisions, South-West, South-East, Central, North-West, and North-East. In Saxony, Bremen, and Thuringia, the Landesliga is in a single division format. In Hamburg, it consists of two divisions. In 2017, Schleswig-Holstein introduced Landesligas at the sixth tier, leaving Hesse as the only German state not to have Landesligas. The Rheinland region of Rhineland-Palatinate also operates without such a league. In Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia the league below the Landesligas is the Landesklasse (). Also in 2017, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania reduced the number of Landesligas and Landesklasses to 2 and 4 divisions respectively, but temporarily reverted them to 3 and 5 divisions for two seasons in 2020. Leagues Tier-VI Landesligas Of the 69 Landesligas in Germany 20 are set at tier six of the German football league system, these being: The Landesligas of Thuringia and Saxony are unique in their naming as every other league in Germany of this standing carries the name Verbandsliga. This was done so simply by choice of the local football associations in Saxony and Thuringia and the name could be changed to Verbandsliga if they wish to do so. Bavaria does not have this option however, since its Landesligas are not the highest leagues in the Verband. This position is held by the Oberligas in this state. Tier VII-Landesligas Apart from the above-mentioned states, Landesligas also exist in the states of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate (in the southwest part only), North Rhine-Westphalia (Westphalia), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Berlin and as Landesklasse, in Saxony and Thuringia as tier seven leagues, below the Verbandsligas: Tier VIII-Landesligas Uniquely, the Saarland has the Landesligas as the eighth tier of its league system; in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, and Saxony-Anhalt the equivalent tier is Landesklasse. References External links Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv DFB: State Associations 6 Germany
16982025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20medical%20abbreviations%3A%20N	List of medical abbreviations: N	Lists of medical abbreviations
19916984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arciech%C3%B3wek	Arciechówek	Arciechówek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iłów, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. References Villages in Sochaczew County
4943490	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottenheimer%20Publishers	Ottenheimer Publishers	Ottenheimer Publishers, Inc. was a Baltimore, Maryland, publisher founded in 1890 and which closed in 2002. The publisher was primarily a packager known for children's books, especially pop-up and board books, as well as cookbooks. It was a printer for Time Magazine. It also republished the works of Nancy Stouffer. Stouffer authored The Legend of Rah and the Muggles as well as Larry Potter and His Best Friend Lilly. She filed an unsuccessful trademark infringement lawsuit in 2000 against Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling and U.S. publisher Scholastic. In the 1980s Ottenheimer Publishers was the U.S. publisher of the Mr. Men and Little Miss books with U.S. distribution by Price Stern Sloan, and later Price Stern Sloan acquired 100% of the U.S. rights. History Ottenheimer Publishers was founded in 1890 by brothers Isaac and Moses Ottenheimer while they were both still in their teens. Per family legend, the business began with a one hundred dollar loan from an aunt. The Ottenheimer brothers could use the funds toward any business of their choosing, provided it did not interfere with the Sabbath. Though their business originally centered on selling remaindered books, they soon made a name for themselves by selling compilations of joke books, parlor games, and fortune-telling manuals. The joke books in particular were quite popular, with some estimates that over one million copies were sold; compact and retailing for ten cents, they were cheap and portable. The brothers later admitted that the jokes they published were not original; instead, they would have one of their employees attend performances by leading comedians and write down the jokes that received the best audience reaction. The joke books were often thematically arranged, with books devoted to topics such as ethnic humor, married life, and the then-modern automobile. The joke books sold well until the early 1930s, at which time the company began to produce reference works and cookbooks. The printing plates used for producing the joke books were donated to scrap drives during World War II. The company filed for bankruptcy in November 2001 and closed in 2002. See also Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series References External links Collection of Ottenheimer Publications at the George Peabody Library Publishing companies established in 1890 Defunct book publishing companies of the United States
22831489	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak%20Regency	Puncak Regency	Puncak Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in the Indonesian province of Central Papua; it is not to be confused with Puncak Jaya Regency, which is within the same province, and from whose western districts those districts now forming Puncak Papua Regency were separated in 2008. It covers an area of 7,396.47 km2, and had a population of 93,218 at the 2010 Census and 114,741 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 116,279. The administrative centre is at Ilaga. The name of the regency is currently being changed to Puncak Papua Regency. Administrative districts In 2010 the new Puncak Regency comprised eight districts (distrik), tabulated below with their populations at the 2010 Census. By 2018 the number of districts had risen to twenty-five by the splitting of existing districts. These are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 Census. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres and the number of administrative villages (rural kampung and urban kelurahan) in each district. References External links Statistics publications from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Regencies of Central Papua Mamberamo basin Eilanden basin
22323679	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liguus%20virgineus	Liguus virgineus	Liguus virgineus, also known as the candy cane snail, is a species of tree-living snail native to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. It has a distinctive conical shell of . The background of the shell is white; there are typically 3–6 spiraling stripes of various colors, including brown, black, pink, green, purple, or light yellow. The shells are typically right-handed with seven or eight whorls. Though it spends most of its life in trees, it descends to lay its eggs in moist soil. It consumes various kinds of lichens throughout its life, as well as twigs and small branches. Its shells have been discovered in midden heaps in the Dominican Republic, indicating that it was a food resource for indigenous peoples. Early European explorers to Hispaniola brought the shells back to Europe, and it has been depicted in scientific illustrations since 1684, making it first Neotropical land snail that was scientifically illustrated. Description Shells of Liguus virgineus can reach a length of . These small shells are oval-conical shaped, thin but robust. The shell surface is smooth and shiny. The aperture (opening of the shell) is semicircular. The shell has seven or eight whorls; the tip of the shell is obtuse, or not sharply pointed. Like most gastropods, individuals typically have dextral (right-handed) shells, though sinistral (left-handed) shells have been documented. Its slime and epiphragms (temporary structures that prevent water loss) are both green. The appearance of the shell is striking and has been compared to painted porcelain. The background color of the shell is white or creamy-white, with thin bright spiral stripes. The stripes can be brown, black, pink, green, purple, or light yellow. A single shell can have stripes of a single color or as many as three different colors. There are typically 3–6 stripes. The aperture may be dark-grey or white-purple with scarlet lips. The reasons for the wide variety of color patterns seen in this species are not understood. The stripes of its shell have high contrast relative to the background in both the visible light spectrum and the near-ultraviolet spectrum (340-400 nm). There is very little contrast in the near-infrared spectrum (700-1000 nm). Its tongue membrane is long and broad with about two hundred rows of teeth. Its jaw is slightly arched and is composed of fourteen different plates. Biology and ecology Snails of the genus Liguus spend most of their lives in trees, though they do descend to lay eggs on moist ground. Upon hatching, the young snails climb a tree. Adults' diets consist primarily of bark-growing lichens. Newly hatched young will feed on leaf-growing lichen, progressing to twigs and small branches, then finally the bark-growing lichens. Like other snails, its shell coloration is produced by pigment glands in the mantle, called chromophores. These chromophores are active for the entire life of individuals, resulting in the continuous colored lines of the shell. Range and habitat This species is endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (in Haiti and the Dominican Republic). It is arboreal (lives in trees) and has been found on the branches of the tree Haematoxylum campechianum. Historic use and depictions Shells of L. virgineus have been discovered in midden heaps in the Dominican Republic, indicating its use by indigenous peoples. The presence of shells from L. virgineus and two other terrestrial gastropods showed that shellfish were gathered from both rivers and the countryside. As the island of Hispaniola was one of the earliest sites of European contact, the brightly colored and distinctive shells of L. virgineus have been represented in scientific illustrations for hundreds of years. The first illustration attributed to L. virgineus was published in 1684 in Filippo Bonanni's Recreatio Mentis et Oculi. Thus, it was the first scientific illustration of any neotropical land snail. References External links Conchology Image of a live individual on Flickr Orthalicidae Gastropods described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Endemic fauna of Hispaniola Fauna of the Dominican Republic Fauna of Haiti
26333009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafaq%20cave	Shafaq cave	Shafaq is a cave located 140 km east of Shiraz, near Meymand, Iran. It is a caving destination in Fars province that features stalagmites and stalactites, and lies within a mountain with two entrances eastward into the cave. The cave is noted for the refraction of light that occurs in the cave when sunlight breaks on the cave's porticos, producing colorful beams at sunrise. The end of the cave has not yet been detected. Nearby Meymand village is also noted for its fragrant flower gardens. References Caves of Iran Firuzabad County Landforms of Fars Province
2351612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20lesbian%20fiction	List of lesbian fiction	This is a List of lesbian-themed fiction. It includes books from the 18th century through the 21st century. It also includes lists of works by genre, a list of characters that make recurring appearances in fiction series, and a list of lesbian and feminist publishing houses. Fiction and drama (2nd century) Dialogues of the Courtesans, Lucian of Samosata Fiction and drama (18th century) Fanny Hill, John Cleland (1748) – Fanny has an encounter with Phoebe, a prostitute La Religieuse, Denis Diderot (1796) – a Reverend Mother wants to seduce a nun Fiction and drama (19th century) Mademoiselle Maupin, Théophile Gautier (1835) Carmilla, Sheridan Le Fanu (1872) Der Liebe Lust und Leid der Frau zur Frau (1895) – the only known exemplar is in the Berlin State Library (RVKO number Yx 27911). Nana, Émile Zola (1880), – an extended description of Chez Laure, a Parisian restaurant that caters to a lesbian clientele; the relationship of Nana and the unfaithful Satin, "with her blue eyes and schoolgirlish look", "bitten and beaten and torn this way and that by the two women". Mademoiselle Giraud, My Wife, Adolphe Belot (1891) 鳳雙飛 (Feng shuangfei) (A Pair of Male Phoenixes Flying Together), Cheng Huiying (程蕙英) (1899) Fiction and drama (20th century) Sind es Frauen? Roman über das dritte Geschlecht., Minna Wettstein-Adelt (1901) Thirty-Three Abominations, Lydia Zinovieva-Annibal (1907) The Rainbow, D. H. Lawrence (1915) 花物語 (Hana Monogatari, "Flower Tales") (short stories), Nobuko Yoshiya (1916-1925) Regiment of Women, Winifred Ashton (under the pseudonym Clemence Dane) (1917) The Scorpion, Anna Elisabet Weirauch (1919) (1930) (1931) 屋根裏の二處女 (Yaneura no Nishojo, "Two Virgins in the Attic"), Nobuko Yoshiya (1920) The Bachelor Girl, Victor Margueritte (1922) God of Vengeance (play), Sholem Asch (1923) – a girl has a lesbian relationship with a prostitute Freundinnen, Maximiliane Ackers (1923) Anja und Esther (play), Klaus Mann (1925) The Captive (play), Edouard Bourdet (1926) – tragedy of a young woman who falls into a twisted relationship with another woman The Well of Loneliness, Radclyffe Hall (1928) – subject of an obscenity trial that banned the book in the United Kingdom until 1949, though "there are no descriptions of sex in it, no rude words, and the lesbian lovers do not live happily ever after" Ladies Almanack, Djuna Barnes (1928) Orlando: A Biography, Virginia Woolf (1928) Extraordinary Women, Compton Mackenzie (1928) Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy by Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz has a lesbian character having an affair with her father's wife. The wife eventually marries the main character, but there is no question of the lesbian feeling any sentiments towards a man. The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, Gertrude Stein (1933) – one of Stein's more accessible works. Others, whose lesbian content may not be apparent to the uninformed reader, include As a Wife Has a Cow: A Love Story, Lifting Belly, and Miss Furr and Miss Skeene. The Child Manuela, Christa Winsloe (1933) The Children's Hour (play), Lillian Hellman (1934) Nightwood, Djuna Barnes (1936) Lulu, Alban Berg (1937) Young Man with a Horn, Dorothy Baker (1938) – Amy has a relationship with the singer Josephine Jordan Torchlight to Valhalla, Gale Wilhelm (1938) The Friendly Young Ladies, Mary Renault (1943) Two Serious Ladies, Jane Bowles (1943) No Exit, Jean-Paul Sartre (1944) – Inès Serrano, a lesbian, is sent to Hell for murder Women's Barracks, Tereska Torres (1950) – credited as the first US paperback-original bestseller Spring Fire, Marijane Meaker (as Vin Packer) (1952) Le Rempart des Béguines, Françoise Mallet-Joris (1952) – Helene, a 15-year-old schoolgirl, is seduced by her father's mistress, Tamara The Price of Salt, Patricia Highsmith (under the pseudonym "Claire Morgan" before 1990) (1952) – considered the first lesbian novel with a 'happy ending'; basis for the 2015 film Carol. Chocolates for Breakfast, Pamela Moore (1956) – portrays the bond between the protagonist Courtney Farrell and her boarding school teacher Miss Rosen, and the backlash against them from other teachers and students Odd Girl Out, I Am a Woman, Women in the Shadows, Journey to a Woman, and Beebo Brinker (a.k.a. The Beebo Brinker Chronicles), Ann Bannon (1957–1962) The Girls in 3-B, Valerie Taylor (1959) Cassandra at the Wedding, Dorothy Baker (1962) The Group, Mary McCarthy (1962) Winter Love, Han Suyin (1962) The Killing of Sister George, Frank Marcus (1963) – basis for the 1968 film The Killing of Sister George (1968) Desert of the Heart, Jane Rule (1964) – basis for the 1985 film Desert Hearts From Doon with Death, Ruth Rendell (1964) The Microcosm, Maureen Duffy (1966) A Compass Error, Sybille Bedford (1968) Patience and Sarah, Isabel Miller (1969) Rubyfruit Jungle, (1973), Rita Mae Brown Lover (1976), Bertha Harris The Color Purple (1982), Alice Walker Toothpick House (1983), Lee Lynch Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985), Jeanette Winterson Mousson de femmes (Monsoon of Women) (1985), Elula Perrin The Swashbuckler (1985), Lee Lynch Lesbian Body (1986), Monique Wittig Say Jesus and Come to Me (1986), Ann Allen Shockley Memory Board (1987), Jane Rule July Nights and Other Stories, (1991), Jane Eaton Hamilton Send My Roots Rain (1991), Ibis Gómez-Vega Six of One (1991), Rita Mae Brown Aquamarine (1993), Carol Anshaw Bastard Out of Carolina (1993), Dorothy Allison Stone Butch Blues (1993), Leslie Feinberg Chelsea Girls (1994), Eileen Myles Empire of Dreams (1994), Giannina Braschi Written on the Body (1994), Jeanette Winterson Flashpoint (1995), Katherine V. Forrest Along the Journey River (1996), Carole LaFavor Fall on Your Knees (1996), Ann-Marie MacDonald Memory Mambo (1996), Achy Obejas Living at Night (1997), Mariana Romo-Carmona Sweet Bitter Love (1997), Rita Schiano Loving Her (1997), Ann Allen Shockley The Passion (1997), Jeanette Winterson Working Parts (1997), Lucy Jane Bledsoe Hood (1998), Emma Donoghue Coachella (1998), Sheila Ortiz Taylor Like (1998), Ali Smith Kissing the Witch (1999), Emma Donoghue Fiction and drama (21st century) High Art (2000) Tanya Dolan Stirfry (2000), Emma Donoghue Tipping the Velvet (2000), Sarah Waters Gun Shy (2001), Lori L. Lake Fingersmith (2002), Sarah Waters Affinity (2002), Sarah Waters Hotel World (2002), Ali Smith Love Ruins Everything (2002), Aren X. Tulchinsky The Wanderground (2002), Sally Miller Gearhart Hunger (2002), Jane Eaton Hamilton Garis Tepi Seorang Lesbian (2003), Herlinatiens Love and Other Ruins (2003), Aren X. Tulchinsky Maybe Next Time (2003), Karin Kallmaker Southland (2003), Nina Revoyr Crybaby Butch (2004), Judith Frank Love's Masquerade (2004), Radclyffe Under the Witness Tree (2004), Marianne K. Martin Desert Blood (2005), Alicia Gaspar de Alba Bliss (2005), Fiona Zedde The Five Books of Moses Lapinsky (2005), Aren X. Tulchinsky Life Mask (2005), Emma Donoghue Back Talk (2006), Saxon BennettFrench Postcards (2006), Jane MerchantFresh Tracks (2006), Georgia BeersIdaho Code (2006), Joan OpyrOf Drag Kings and the Wheel of Fate (2006), Susan "Smitty" SmithPunk Like Me (2006), JD GlassSnow Moon Rising (2006), Lori L. LakeThe Night Watch (2006), Sarah WatersA Taste of Sin (2006), Fiona ZeddeEvery Dark Desire (2007), Fiona ZeddeFlight Risk (2007), Kim BaldwinA Girl Named Charlie Lester (2007), Carissa HalstonSuch A Pretty Face (2007), Gabrielle GoldsbyThe Teahouse Fire (2007), Ellis AveryAmong Other Things, I've Taken Up Smoking (2008), Aoibheann SweeneyBeyond the Pale (2008), Elana DykewomonHungry for It (2008), Fiona ZeddeLanding (2008), Emma DonoghueRelief (2008), L.E. ButlerYour Sad Eyes and Unforgettable Mouth (2008), Edeet RavelCat Rising (2009), Cynn ChadwickGirl Meets Boy (2009), Ali SmithBlue is the Warmest Color (2010), Jul MarohLesbians Roaring Like A Tsunami (2010), by Mikhail VolokhovUn Soir du Paris (2010), short story collectionBroken Ladder", (2010), J. Monique Gambles Buyer's Remorse (2011), Lori L. Lake Cinnamon (2012), Samar Yazbek Like Dark Minds (2013), Christy Summerland Ghostwriter (2012), Terry Birchwood Tipping Over (2013), Terry Birchwood Bury Me When I'm Dead: A Charlie Mack Motown Mystery (2016), Cheryl A Head Weekend (2016), Jane Eaton Hamilton Y Not, She Meowed (2017), Robby S. Witt Death's Echoies (2018), Penny Mickelbury Paper is White (2018), Hilary Zaid This Is How You Lose the Time War (2019), Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone Great America (2020), Clayton Overstreet Between A Rock and A Soft Place: Selected Works (2021), S. Renee Bess Mystery series by lead character Alison Kaine, a lesbian police officer in Denver, Colorado, in mysteries by Kate Allan Allison O'Neill, a lesbian in mysteries by Lauren Wright Douglas Amanda Valentine, a lesbian detective inspector in Wellington, New Zealand, in mysteries by Rose Beecham Wilhelmina "Bil" Hardy, an amateur lesbian detective in Idaho Code and From Hell to Breakfast by Joan Opyr Brenda Strange, a private investigator of the weird in Tampa, Florida, in mysteries by Patty Henderson Brett Higgins, a gangster/private investigator in Detroit, Michigan, in mysteries by Therese Szymanski Caitlin Reece, a lesbian in mysteries by Lauren Wright Douglas Carmen Ramirez, a 24-year-old Irish-Puerto Rican lesbian copy editor at her hometown newspaper in Frontier City, Oklahoma in mysteries by Lisa Haddock Carol Ashton, a lesbian detective inspector in Sydney, Australia in mysteries by Claire McNab Cassandra Reilly, a widely traveled lesbian translator in mysteries by Barbara Wilson Cassidy James, a lesbian private investigator based in Portland, Oregon, in mysteries by Kate Calloway Colleen Fitzgerald, a lesbian insurance investigator in mysteries by Barbara Johnson Danielle Renaud, a lesbian French-Canadian RCMP officer in mysteries by Nadine LaPierre Desiree "Dez" Reilly, a lesbian policewoman in St. Paul, Minnesota, in mysteries by Lori L. Lake Emma Victor, a lesbian private investigator in San Francisco, California, in mysteries by Mary Wings Fleur de Roller, an undercover security agent who falls for her subject in The Woman Who Pretended To Love Men (Those Strange Women #2) by Anna Ferrara Gianna Maglione, lesbian police lieutenant in Washington, D.C., in mysteries by Penny Mickelbury Hilary Tamar (?), an androgynous lawyer in mysteries by Sarah Caudwell; in fact, Caudwell never specifies Tamar's sex Hyacinth Dickinson a lesbian gynecologist and diamond smuggler in Newcastle upon Tyne by Ellen Dean Jane Lawless, a lesbian restaurant owner and private investigator in Minneapolis in mysteries by Ellen Hart Jet Butler, a lesbian college professor in mysteries by B. Reese Johnson Jo Jacuzzo, a charismatic lesbian in Buffalo, New York, in mysteries by Anne Seale Jude Devine, a lesbian sheriff's detective in Montezuma County, Colorado, in mysteries by Rose Beecham Kate Delafield, a lesbian LAPD homicide detective and former Marine in mysteries by Katherine V. Forrest Kate Martinelli, a lesbian homicide detective in San Francisco in mysteries by Laurie R. King Kristin Ashe, a lesbian private investigator in mysteries by Jennifer L. Jordan Kellen Stewart, a therapist and a lesbian in Great Britain by Manda Scott Kylie Kendall, the lesbian manager of a pub in tiny Wollegudgerie, Australia who inherits 51% of her father's private detective agency in Los Angeles, California, in mysteries by Claire McNab Lane Thompson, a charming lesbian patient at the Wonderdrug Psychiatric Center in The Woman Who Made Me Feel Strange (Those Strange Women #1) by Anna Ferrara Lauren Laurano, a lesbian private investigator in Manhattan in mysteries by Sandra Scoppettone Leona 'Leo' Reese, a lesbian police officer/fraud investigator in Portland, Oregon by Lori L. Lake Lexy Hyatt, a lesbian crime reporter in Florida in mysteries by Carlene Miller Lindsay Gordon, a lesbian journalist and socialist in Glasgow, Scotland, in mysteries by Val McDermid Maggie Garrett, a young, lesbian private investigator in San Francisco in mysteries by Jean Taylor Maris Middleton, a lesbian chemist with a specialization in forensics in mysteries by Kaye Davis Meg Lacey, a lesbian private investigator based in Canada in mysteries by Elizabeth Bowers Rainey Blue Bell, an FBI agent on medical leave and a bail bonds business owner; meets her first lesbian lover in Rainey Days, the first novel in the Rainey Bell mystery series by R.E. Bradshaw Micky Knight, a lesbian private investigator in New Orleans in mysteries by J.M. Redmann Monette O'Reilley, a towering lesbian, the star player of the Leaping Lesbians of the Park Slope soccer team, and a graphic artist in New York City in mysteries by David Stukas Nea Fox, a lesbian private investigator in London, England in mysteries by Amelia Ellis Nickel (Nicole) Smith, a lesbian small-town newspaper editor in Runnymeade by Rita Mae Brown Pam Nilsen, lesbian printing company owner in Seattle, Washington, by Barbara Wilson Saz Martin, a lesbian private investigator in London by Stella Duffy Shay O'Hanlon, a lesbian coffee store owner in the humorous caper/mysteries by Jessie Chandler Stoner McTavish, a lesbian travel agent in Boston, Massachusetts, by Sarah Dreher Sydney Sloan, a lesbian private investigator in New York, New York, in the Stonewall Inn mysteries by Randye Lordon Toni Mendez, a lesbian private investigator in London by Sam Skyborne Toni Barston, a lesbian district attorney specializing in borderline personalities in mysteries by Terri Breneman Tru North, a lesbian police detective in Kansas City, Missouri, in mysteries by Janet McClellan Virginia Kelly, a lesbian investment adviser in mysteries by Nikki Baker Romance novels La Fille aux yeux d'or – Honoré de Balzac The Interpretation of Love and the Truth – Barbara Winkes It's Complicated:Misconceptions – Erika Renee Land Owning Regina – Lorelei Elstrom Curious Wine, Emergence of Green – Katherine V. Forrest All True Lovers, Cytherea's Breath, Amantha – Sarah Aldridge Legacy of Love, Love in the Balance, Dawn of the Dance, Never Ending, Mirrors, Under the Witness Tree, Dance in the Key of Love – Marianne K. Martin Mulligan, House on Sandstone, Just this Once, Secrets So Deep, Out of Love – KG MacGregor Sunset Island, Awaiting My Assignment, The Interim, Anything Your Heart Desires – AJ Adaire Beyond Midnight, Beautiful Strangers (Hyacinth Dickinson Series) – Ellen Dean Honor Series, Justice Series, Provincetown Series – Radclyffe All the Wrong Places, Car Pool, Embrace in Motion, Finders Keepers, In Every Port, Just LIke That, The Kiss that Counted, One Degree of Separation, Painted Moon, Sugar, Unforgettable, Making Up For Lost Time, Substitute for Love, Touchwood, Wild Things, Watermark (the last the sequel to Touchwood) – Karin Kallmaker Course of Action, Coffee Sonata, Sheridan's Fate, September canvass – Gun Brooke Define Destiny JM Dragon First Instinct, Forever Found, Rising Storm, Hotel Liaison – J. Lee Meyer More Than Paradise, the Moon Island Series: Passion Bay, Saving Grace, The Sacred Shore, A Guarded Heart, and the Dark Vista series: Dark Dreamer, Dark Valentine – Jennifer Fulton I Found My Heart In San Francisco Series, Arbor Vitae – SX Meagher Sweet Bitter Love – Rita Schiano Sierra City, Gulf Breeze, Hunter's Way, Behind the Pine Curtain, Coyote Sky, Dawn of Change, The Rainbow Cedar, One Summer Night – Gerri Hill The Light Fantastic – L A Tucker Never Say Never, Class Reunion – Linda Hill None So Blind, Prairie Fire, Tumbleweed Fever – LJ Maas Galveston 1900: Swept Away, The Bluest Eyes in Texas, and Borderline – Linda Crist The Price of Fame, The Cost of Commitment, The Value of Valor – Lynn Ames The Price of Salt – Patricia Highsmith (originally under the pseudonym "Claire Morgan") Infinite Loop – Meghan O'Brien Innocent Hearts, Love's Melody Lost, Love's Tender Warriors, Tomorrow's Promise, Passion's Bright Fury, Love's Masquerade – Radclyffe Hunter's Pursuit, Force of Nature, Whitewater Rendezvous, Focus of Desire – Kim Baldwin A Gift of Time, Gloria's Inn – Robin Alexander Private Dancer – TJ Vertigo 96 Hours, Turning the Page, Thy Neighbor's Wife, Too Close to Touch, Fresh Tracks, Mine, Starting from Scratch – Georgia Beers Turning Point – Lara Zielinsky Such A Pretty Face – Gabrielle Goldsby Trails Merge, Learning Curve – Rachel Spangler On the Air – Geonn Cannon Gemini – Geonn Cannon Out on the Sound, The Girl Back Home, Sweet Carolina Girls – R.E. Bradshaw Zen and Tonic – Kris Howard (2011) Like Lovers Do, Different Dress, Ricochet in Time – Lori L. Lake As You Were – Kelli Jae Baeli Broken Star – Joann Lee Aspen's Stunt – Melissa Grace Double Shot, Mile High Club, Switching Teams, Girlfriends With Benefits, Sugar in the Morning, Velvet Canyon, Care by Kera, Broken Wing, Commando Jane – Ella Wrylee Heart of the Hurricane – May Woodworth 1920's female bisexual couple Eliza and Joanna survive the August gales of Nova Scotia and find love Historical novels Vulture's Kiss, Sistine Heresy, Mephisto Aria – Justine Saracen Miss McGhee – Bett Norris The Seahawk – Brenda Adcock Snow Moon Rising – Lori L. Lake What's Best for Jane – Bett Norris When Women Were Warriors – Catherine M. Wilson Branded Ann – Merry Shannon Heart of the Hurricane – May Woodworth In The Blood of The Greeks – Mary D. Brooks Where Shadows Linger – Mary D. Brooks Hidden Truths – Mary D. Brooks Snow White and Her Queen – Anna Ferrara Science fiction, fantasy, and horror These science fiction works frequently address the issue of feminist/lesbian separatist communities. See Lesbian science fiction for a more detailed review. Joanna Russ's The Female Man Marion Zimmer Bradley's Renunciate series Jane Fletcher's Celaeno series Katherine V. Forrest's Daughters of a Coral Dawn, Daughters of an Amber Noon, Daughters of an Emerald Dusk, and Dreams and Swords, an anthology with the novella O Captain, My Captain Jewelle Gomez's The Gilda Stories, Don't Explain Nicola Griffith's Ammonite and Slow River Patrick Califia's Doc and Fluff Therese Szymanski's Call of the Dark anthology Karin Kallmaker, Barbara Johnson, Julia Watts and Therese Szymanski's New Exploits books, including Once Upon a Dyke, Bell, Book & Dyke, Stake Through the Heart, and Tall in the Saddle Diana River's Hadra series Laurie J. Marks's Dancing Jack, Elemental series (Fire Logic, Earth Logic, Water Logic) Meghan O'Brien's The Three and Wild Pam Keesey's Daughters of Darkness and Dark Angels Gun Brooke's Supreme Constellations series Benjamin Appleby-Dean's Lamplight Moondancer Drake's Ancestral Magic Justine Saracen's The 100th Generation and Vulture's Kiss'''' Libba Bray's characters Felicity Worthington and Pippa Cross in her Gemma Doyle trilogy (A Great and Terrible Beauty, Rebel Angels, and The Sweet Far Thing) are at first thought to be very close friends, almost sisters, until it is revealed they are harboring a secret love for one another Catherine M. Wilson's When Women Were Warriors series: Book 1: The Warrior's Path, 2: A Journey of the Heart, and 3: A Hero's Tale Malinda Lo's Ash and Huntress Women on the Edge of Space, a space-opera anthology published by Circlet Press Gay male author Geoff Ryman's Arthur C. Clarke Award-winning The Child Garden features a lesbian protagonist Sam Skyborne's Simulation: The Dawn of a Superhero. Sarah Diemer's The Dark Wife Raven c.s. McCracken's It's Always Spring Break Somewhere in the Galaxy J.A. Pitts's Black Blade Blues, Honeyed Words, and Forged in Fire L.J. Baker's Broken Wings, Promises, Promises, and Adijan and the Genie Gill McKnight's Garoul series: Goldenseal,Ambereye, and Indigo Moon Merry Shannon's Sword of the Guardian Allison Moon's "Tales of the Pack" series of novels including Lunatic Fringe and Hungry Ghost Melissa Grace's Tainted Elite Young adult fiction Ruby (1976), Rosa GuyHappy Endings Are All Alike (1978), Sandra ScoppettoneThe Last of Eden (1980), Stephanie TolanCrush (1981), Jane FutcherAnnie on My Mind (1982), Nancy GardenDeath Wore a Diadem (1989), Iona McGregorDive (1994), Stacey DonovanGood Moon Rising (1996), Nancy GardenThe House You Pass on the Way (1997), Jacqueline WoodsonThe Year of Freaking Out (1997), Sarah WalkerDare Truth or Promise (1997), Paula BoockAllison (1998), Tatiana StrelkoffGirl Walking Backwards (1998), Bett WilliamsSummer Sisters (1998), Judy BlumeTomorrow Wendy (1998), Shelley StoehrOut of the Shadows (2000), Sue HinesA Year of Full Moons (2000), Madelyn ArnoldEmpress of the World (2001), Sara RyanFinding H.F. (2001), Julia WattsGravel Queen (2003), Tea BenduhnI've Known Since I Was Eight (2003), Sophie GlasserKeeping You a Secret (2003), Julie Anne PetersKissing Kate (2003), Lauren MyracleThe Bermudez Triangle (2004), Maureen JohnsonGood Girls Don't (2004), Claire HennessyHeart (2004), Lexi HarrisOrphea Proud (2004), Sharon Dennis WyethRosemary and Juliet (2004), Judy MacLeanSugar Rush (2004), Julie BurchillFar from Xanadu (2005), Julie Anne PetersThe Will of the Empress (2005), Tamora Piercegrl2grl (2007), Julie Anne PetersThe Rules for Hearts (2007), Sara RyanSplit Screen (2007), Brent HartingerAlix & Valérie (2008), Íngrid DíazDown to the Bone (2008), Mayra Lazara DoleM+O 4Ever (2008), Tonya Cherie HegaminMy Tiki Girl (2008), Jennifer McMahonPretty Little Liars (2008–present), Sara ShepardThe Girl from Mars (Marsmädchen) (2008), Tamara BachThe Questions Within (2008), Teresa ShaefferRage: A Love Story (2009), Julie Anne PetersAsh (2009), Malinda LoI Kiss Girls (2007), Gina HarrisTorn (2009), Amber LehmanThe Dark Wife (2011), Sarah DiemerThe Miseducation of Cameron Post (2012), Emily DanforthCandlelight (2013), Sara C. RoethleAfterworlds (2014), Scott WesterfieldUnspeakable (2015), Abbie Rushton Fan fiction Fanfiction writers have produced many works in which female characters from fictional sources (such as television shows, movies, video games, anime, manga or comic books) are paired in romantic, spiritual, or sexual relationships. The genre is known by a variety of terms, including femslash, saffic, yuri and f/f slash. Lesbian content in fanfiction dates at least to 1977, but has become more popular during the 1990s and 2000s. Lesbian and feminist publishing houses Alyson Books Aunt Lute Books AUSXIP Publishing Bella Books Blue Feather Books Bold Strokes Books Bywater Books Colbere Publishing Crossing Press Dukebox.life Desert Palm Press Firebrand Books Intaglio Publications Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press Launch Point Press Onlywomen Press Press Gang Publishers Regal Crest Enterprises Spinsters Ink Supposed Crimes Virago Press Ylva Publishing Further reading The Lesbian in Literature by Gene Damon (Barbara Grier) – bibliography of any title with lesbian content through 1969 Chloe plus Olivia – An Anthology of Lesbian Literature from the Seventeenth Century to the Present, ed. Lillian Faderman, Penguin Books 1995 See also Lesbian literature Lesbian pulp fiction Lesbian teen fiction LGBT literature List of genres List of nonfiction books about homosexuality List of poetry portraying sexual relations between women Yuri (genre) References Potter, Clare. The Lesbian Periodical Index, Naiad Press 1986 Gay detectives listed by Stop, You're Killing Me!, a resource for mysteries Gay & Lesbian detectives listed by Martin Kich Lesbian (Feminist) Los Angeles, 1970–1990: An Exploratory Ethnohistory, Yolanda Retter University of New Mexico McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University LibraryLas Tortilleras: Tortilleras: Hispanic and U.S. Latina Lesbian Expression, edited by Inmaculada Perpetusa-Seva and Lourdes Torres, Temple University Press 2003These Girls Are Not Sweet'', edited by Marjorie Agosin, White Pine Press 2000 External links Feminist SFF & Utopia: Dyke Protagonists Science Fiction for Lesbians GLBTQ – Novel: Lesbian GLBTQ – American Literature: Lesbian, Post-Stonewall QueerTheory – Contemporary Lesbian Writers of the USA Lesbian Mysteries features lesbian mystery novels Fiction Bibliographies of subcultures
25738716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3t%C3%B3lfr	Ljótólfr	Ljótólfr is a minor character in the mediaeval Orkneyinga saga, who is purported to have flourished in the mid-12th century. The Orkneyinga saga was compiled in about 1200, and documents the reigns of the earls of Orkney. It depicts Ljótólfr as a nobleman who lived on the Outer Hebridean Isle of Lewis. During the 12th century, the Hebrides formed part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles. The Orkneyinga saga relates how Ljótólfr was a friendly acquaintance of the Viking chieftain Sveinn Ásleifarson, who is one of the major characters of the entire saga. The saga states that Ljótólfr housed Sveinn for some time on Lewis, and took in Sveinn's brother, who was banished from Orkney. Ljótólfr's son, Fugl, appears in the saga, although he is depicted at being at odds with Sveinn, until a relative of Fugl's negotiates peace between the two. Several historians have considered Ljótólfr to be an ancestor of Clan MacLeod; one of these considered Ljótólfr to be the eponymous ancestor of the clan—although the current understanding of the clan's ancestry regards another man as the eponym. Background Ljótólfr is a minor character in the Orkneyinga saga. He is purported to have flourished in the mid-12th century, and to have lived on the Outer Hebridean Isle of Lewis. Ljótólfr has a son, Fugl, another minor character in the saga, who is also described as being from the island. Sources The main source for Ljótólfr is the Orkneyinga saga, which was compiled sometime around 1200 by an unknown Icelander. The saga is thought to have been based upon poetry, oral tradition, and other written material. It can be summed up as an account of the lives of many of the earls of Orkney between the 9th and 13th centuries. According to research fellow Ian Beuermann, the saga is useful not for the specific events it describes, but rather for what it reveals about "the ideas shaping the texts during the periods of composition or revision". For example, it is possible that even one of the main characters of the saga, Sveinn Ásleifarson, never existed, or at least that the historical Sveinn differed from the saga's portrayal of him. Another source which mentions Ljótólfr is Þormóður Torfason's 17th-century Latin history of Orkney, which follows the Orkneyinga saga. The Hebrides in the 12th century In the 11th century, the earls of Orkney were at the height of their power. The Earl of Orkney, Þórfinnr Sigurðarson, also ruled Caithness and Sutherland, and seems to have controlled the western seaboard of Scotland, and the Hebrides. Historian Magnús Stefánsson described the political situation of the Hebrides and the Isle of Man during the 11th and early 12th century as being unstable, and suffering from the rivalries of petty kings and chieftains. In 1079, the Hebridean warlord Gofraidh Crobhán was able to unite the Hebrides and the Isle of Man into an effective independent kingdom. In 1098–9, the Norwegian king Magnús Óláfsson invaded the Hebrides, and asserted his right over the islands; he did so again in 1102–3. He is thought to have planned to unite Orkney, the Hebrides, and the Isle of Mann, under the control of his son. In 1103, Magnús was slain in Ireland, and no Norwegian king set foot in the islands for over a century and a half. With Magnús' death, the Outer Hebrides were brought back under the control of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, whose kings tactfully recognised Norwegian sovereignty. In 1156, the kingdom was partitioned following an inconclusive sea battle between the warlord Somhairle mac Gille Brighde, and the Manx king Gofraidh mac Amhlaibh: the Outer Hebrides remained under the control of Gofraidh, but the Inner Hebrides were ruled separately by Somhairle. Two years later, Somhairle successfully invaded the Isle of Man, took the throne, and ruled the entire Kingdom of Mann and the Isles until his death in 1164. Ljótólfr in the Orkneyinga saga One of the most prominent characters of the Orkneyinga saga is the Viking chieftain Sveinn Ásleifarson, who lived on the island of Gairsay, in Orkney. The saga relates how Sveinn's father, Óláfr Hrólfsson, was one of several chieftains who supported Páll Hákonsson, Earl of Orkney, in a victorious sea battle against a fleet led by Ölvir Rósta in support of Rögnvaldr Kolsson, who had been appointed the earl of half of Orkney by the King of Norway. Óláfr was later burned to death inside his own house by Ölvir, the grandson of Frakökk, an ambitious woman, portrayed as a villain in the saga. Frakökk attempted to win the Earldom of Orkney for her descendants—particularly Ölvir. The saga relates how in Orkney, Sveinn murdered one of the earl's followers, and immediately fled to the Bishop of Orkney. The bishop protected Sveinn by sending him away to the Suðreyjar, into the care of Holdboði Hundason, a chieftain on the Inner Hebridean island of Tiree. Later, in early spring, the saga relates how Sveinn travelled to Atholl, where he stayed for a long period of time. From Atholl, Sveinn made his way back towards Orkney by land, and on the journey northwards, he passed through Thurso, in Caithness. The saga notes that Sveinn was accompanied by Ljótólfr, and that Sveinn had spent much of the previous spring with Ljótólfr. The chieftain who lived at Thurso was an earl named Óttarr, who is described as "a man worthy of honour". Earl Óttarr was a brother of Frakökk, and the saga relates how Ljótólfr negotiated a truce between Sveinn and Earl Óttarr, after Sveinn's father was killed by Ölvir. The saga states that Sveinn made numerous Viking expeditions throughout the Hebrides, and into the Irish Sea zone. On one such occasion, Sveinn set up a base on the Isle of Man, where he married a wealthy widow. Some time later, Sveinn and his men were attacked by a force led by Holdboði, and in consequence Sveinn left the island and sailed north into the Hebrides to Lewis. Further on in the saga, it is stated that Sveinn's brother, Gunni Óláfsson, had children with Margrét Hákonardóttir, mother of Haraldr Maddaðarson, Earl of Orkney, Mormaer of Caithness. Because of this relationship with his mother, Haraldr banished Gunni from the earldom, and enmity arose between Sveinn and the earl. Sveinn then sent Gunni to stay with Ljótólfr on Lewis, with whom Sveinn himself had stayed at an earlier time. The saga also states that at this time, Ljótólfr's son, Fugl, was with Haraldr, and consequently there was a "coldness" between Fugl and Sveinn. The saga relates that Sveinn stole a ship from Fugl, who had been travelling to Orkney to meet Haraldr. However, subsequently a relation of Fugl's, named Anakol, who became a friend of Sveinn, succeeded in making peace between the two. Historian Garreth Williams noted that Anakol's name is Gaelic in origin, and like Ljótólfr and Fugl, he is described as being originally from the Hebrides. The saga also states that he was from a good family. Links to Clan MacLeod Captain F. W. L. Thomas, a 19th-century antiquarian, proposed that Ljótólfr was the eponymous progenitor of Clan MacLeod. However, today the accepted understanding is that the clan's eponymous ancestor is another man, Leod, who flourished about a century after Ljótólfr. Leod's name, and the modern surname MacLeod, are considered to be ultimately derived from the Old Norse personal name Ljótr. This name is derived from the Old West Norse word ljótr, meaning "foul", "ugly", "misshapen" or alternatively “shining”, “bright”. The personal name Ljótólfr is composed of two elements—the first, liút, is derived from the Germanic word meaning "light", "shining"; the second element, ólfr, is derived from a Germanic word meaning "wolf". While the current understanding of Leod's ancestry does not include a man named Ljótólfr, the 20th-century clan historian Alick Morrison considered it possible that Ljótólfr could be an ancestor of Leod, albeit on his distaff side; Morrison even suggested that Leod's name could have been derived from Ljótólfr. The MacLeods have two main branches—Sìol Thormoid (Scottish Gaelic: "seed of Tormod") and Sìol Thorcaill ("seed of Torcall"). Sìol Thorcaill was the dominant family on Lewis from the Late Middle Ages until the end of the 16th century. The Gaelic names Tormod and Torcall are derived from the Old Norse names Þórmóðr and Þórketill. Thomas noted that these names were also those of two men with Lewis connections, who are both recorded in the 13th-century kings' saga Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar. One of these men was Þórketill Þórmóðsson, who according to the saga, was slain near the Isle of Skye in about the year 1230. Thomas proposed that this man could be a grandson of Ljótólfr. Another man who appears in the saga, Þórmóðr Þórkelsson, was forced to flee Lewis, leaving behind his wife, retainers, and goods; according to Thomas, this shows that Þórmóðr was a resident on the island. Thomas noted that Þórmóðr Þórkelsson was married in about 1231, and on the assumption that each generation could be estimated to be 30 years, Thomas gave Þórmóðr's birth at 1201; his (supposed) father, Þórketill, at 1171; Þórketill's father Þórmóðr at 1141; and this man's father at 1111. Thomas concluded that the elder Þórmóðr would have been born at about the time Ljótólfr flourished on Lewis. See also History of the Outer Hebrides Notes References Bibliography 12th-century Norwegian people 12th-century Scottish people Clan Macleod Isle of Lewis Scandinavian Scotland Orkneyinga saga characters
23999689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbophyllum%20pervillei	Bulbophyllum pervillei	Bulbophyllum pervillei is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar. References The Bulbophyllum-Checklist The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia pervillei Orchids of Madagascar
19901503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smag%C3%B3w	Smagów	Smagów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Borkowice, south-east of Przysucha, and south of Warsaw. References Villages in Przysucha County
39759089	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Barrow%20%28musician%29	George Barrow (musician)	George Barrow (September 25, 1921 – March 20, 2013) was an American jazz saxophonist who played both tenor and baritone. Career Self-taught on the saxophone, flute and clarinet, by the mid-1950s, he was playing in different line-ups led by Charles Mingus, including the Quintet (with Eddie Bert, Mal Waldron and Max Roach) before going on to join line-ups led by Ernie Wilkins, including the Ernie Wilkins-Kenny Clarke Septet and the Ernie Wilkins Orchestra, as well as with Oliver Nelson, notably on the classic album The Blues and the Abstract Truth. Discography As leader The Amram-Barrow Quartet – with David Amram As sideman With Kenny Clarke and Ernie Wilkins Kenny Clarke & Ernie Wilkins (Savoy, 1955) With Charles Mingus The Moods of Mingus (Savoy, 1955) Mingus at the Bohemia (Debut, 1955) The Charles Mingus Quintet & Max Roach (Debut, 1955) With Teddy Charles The Teddy Charles Tentet (Atlantic, 1956) Word from Bird (Atlantic, 1957) With The Three Playmates The Three Playmates (Savoy, 1957) With Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis Trane Whistle (Prestige, 1960) With Oliver Nelson The Blues and the Abstract Truth (Impulse, 1961) With Gene Ammons Soul Summit Vol. 2 (Prestige, 1962) Late Hour Special (Prestige, 1964) Velvet Soul (Prestige, 1964) With Jimmy Forrest Soul Street (New Jazz, 1962) With Etta Jones From the Heart (Prestige, 1962) With Jimmy Smith Bashin': The Unpredictable Jimmy Smith (Verve, 1962) With Clark Terry Clark Terry Plays the Jazz Version of All American (Moodsville, 1962) With Frank Wess Southern Comfort (Prestige, 1962) With Bill Dixon Bill Dixon 7-tette/Archie Shepp and the New York Contemporary 5 (Savoy, 1964) With Bobby Timmons Got to Get It! (Milestone, 1967) With The Jazz Composer's Orchestra The Jazz Composer's Orchestra (ECM, 1968) With Melvin Van Peebles Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (A&M, 1971) With Jimmy Owens Headin' Home (A&M/Horizon, 1978) References 1921 births 2013 deaths Musicians from New York (state) American jazz tenor saxophonists American male saxophonists American jazz baritone saxophonists American male jazz musicians 20th-century American saxophonists
59097791	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9%20Valentini	Chloé Valentini	Chloé Bouquet Valentini (born 19 April 1995) is a French female handball player for Metz Handball and the French national team. She represented France at the 2019 World Women's Handball Championship. References External links 1995 births Living people French female handball players Handball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics Olympic medalists in handball Olympic gold medalists for France Olympic handball players for France
4318686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Try	I Try	"I Try" is a song co-written and performed by American musician Macy Gray. Issued as the second single from her debut album, On How Life Is (1999), the song was first released in Japan as a double A-side with "Do Something" on July 23, 1999. Later that year, on September 27, it received its first solo release in the United Kingdom. "I Try" is Gray's most successful single, peaking at number six in the United Kingdom, number five in the United States, number two in Canada, and number one in Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand. At the 2001 Grammy Awards, "I Try" won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, and was nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. It remains Gray's biggest hit single in the US to date, and her only one to reach the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. The song was used in the TV sitcom Spin City, when Michael J. Fox's character, Michael Flaherty, was leaving his job and moving from NYC; the actor was also leaving the series after he had announced that he had Parkinson's disease. In 2010, the song was featured in an episode of The Office. It was also featured in the series 2 finale of Mrs. Brown's Boys during which it was sung by Brendan O'Carroll and Pat "Pepsi" Shields. In 2018, the song was featured in an episode of The Last Man on Earth. Critical reception Daily Record called the song "soulful", noting that Macy Gray "has one of the most distinctive singing voices around." Music video The music video for the song, directed by American filmmaker Mark Romanek (who had previously directed the video for Gray's "Do Something"), depicts Gray waking up in a hotel room, buying flowers, and traveling through New York City, traveled through by bus and train to meet a man in a park. At the end of the video, Gray is shown to still be in her hotel room. It is implied that she may have been dreaming the entire time and that none of the events in the video actually occurred. At the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, the video won Best New Artist in a Video and was also nominated for Best Female Video. Gray presented the award for Best Pop Video alongside LL Cool J. Track listings UK CD1 "I Try" – 3:59 "I Try" (Full Crew Mix) – 5:21 "Don't Come Around" – 4:20 UK CD2 "I Try" – 3:59 "I Try" (JayDee Remix) – 5:55 "I Try" (Bob Power Remix) – 3:51 UK cassette single "I Try" – 3:59 "Don't Come Around" – 4:20 European CD1 "I Try" – 3:59 "Rather Hazy" – 3:10 European CD2 "I Try" – 3:59 "Rather Hazy" – 3:10 "I Try" (Full Crew Mix—extended II—no vocoder) – 5:27 Australian CD single "I Try" – 3:59 "Rather Hazy" – 3:10 "Do Something" (Black Apple Mix edit) – 3:33 "I Try" (Full Crew Mix—extended II—no vocoder) – 5:27 Credits and personnel Credits are lifted from the On How Life Is album booklet. Studios Recorded and mixed at Paramount Studios, Sunset Sound, and A&M Studios (Hollywood, California) Personnel Macy Gray – lyrics, music, back-up vocals Jeremy Ruzumna – music, organ Jinsoo Lim – music David Wilder – music, bass Jon Brion – guitars, piano, orchestra bells Bendrix Williams – guitars Patrick Warren – Chamberlin Matt Chamberlain – drums Lenny Castro – percussion Andrew Slater – production Dave Way – recording, mixing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References 1990s ballads 1999 singles Macy Gray songs Music videos directed by Mark Romanek Number-one singles in Australia Irish Singles Chart number-one singles Number-one singles in New Zealand Contemporary R&B ballads Songs written by Jeremy Ruzumna Songs written by Macy Gray 1999 songs Epic Records singles Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance
36508981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Laure%20Giraudon	Marie-Laure Giraudon	Marie-Laure Giraudon (born 27 August 1972) is a French former freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics. References 1972 births Living people French female freestyle swimmers Olympic swimmers for France Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics 20th-century French women
41405425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicki%20Yohe	Vicki Yohe	Vicki Yohe (born July 13, 1965) is a gospel singer, songwriter, and worship leader. She was born in Normal, Illinois and raised in Rapid City, South Dakota. She sang her first solo at the age of five. Her family moved to Hammond, Louisiana when she was 14. At age 19, she accepted the position of music director at a church near Baton Rouge. Career In 1992, she recorded her self-titled independent debut album. This brought the attention of Giant Records, who signed her in 1994. She is best known for the songs "The Mercy Seat" and "Because Of Who You Are"—for which she received a Dove Award nomination, and for regularly performing on TBN's Praise the Lord program. It was through her television appearance that CeCe Winans offered her the chance to sign with Winans' new Pure Springs Gospel label. Yohe's first release from the label was 2003's I Just Want You. Controversy over support of Donald Trump In January 2017, in response to the Women's March in Washington, DC, Yohe posted a meme to her Instagram account, a photo of an actor dressed as Jesus carrying suitcases with the words, "On my way back to the White House." She added comments in support of Donald Trump, saying that marches and protests would be ineffective, and that "You know you are doing something right when there is so much opposition!!!". The post attracted immediate criticism from her predominantly-Black followers and from activist Shaun King; Yohe soon shut down most of her social media presence and posted an apology to Facebook, saying that she "never want[ed] to ever hurt anyone and that has never been [her] intention," but that she felt that Barack Obama's policies as president "many times went against what most Christians believe". She wrote that many churches had canceled ministry events with her, and that she had been called a racist for her support of Trump. Discography 1992: Vicki Yohe 1994: Everlasting Love 1995: I Give You Me 1997: He Knows My Heart 2000: The Best of Vicki Yohe 2000: Christmas Presence 2001: Beyond This Song 2003: I Just Want You 2005: He's Been Faithful 2009: Reveal Your Glory: Live from the Cathedral (CD & DVD) 2011: I'm at Peace 2013: Free Worshiper Accolades 2004: GMA Dove Award nomination for Contemporary Gospel Recorded Song of the Year for "Because of Who You Are" 2006: Stellar Award nomination for the album He's Been Faithful References Notes . Triple exclamation points in original External links 1965 births American women singer-songwriters American gospel singers 20th-century American singer-songwriters 21st-century American singer-songwriters Living people 20th-century American women singers 21st-century American women singers People from Normal, Illinois Singer-songwriters from Illinois People from Rapid City, South Dakota Singer-songwriters from South Dakota
33814491	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Bay	François Bay	François Bay (or Fransway Bay) is natural bay on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is near Chaleur Bay. The settlement of Francois is located on the bay. References Bays of Newfoundland and Labrador
36705275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrair%20201%20Marianne	Centrair 201 Marianne	The Centrair 201 Marianne is a training glider seating two in tandem, designed and built in France in the 1980s. It was intended to replace the numerous but ageing gliders equipping French gliding clubs; when Centrair ceased trading in 1988 some eighty Mariannes had been sold, fewer than hoped. Design and development French government support for gliding was generous immediately after World War II but was fading by the 1980s. The Fédération Français de Vol à Voile (FFVV), who administered the French gliding movement, had to become self-financing and were central players in an effort to retain a viable gliding manufacturing base in France. By that time there was a need for a new two seat training glider to replace the existing club fleet of some 270 Wassmer Bijaves, so a competition was launched and won by Centrair. The Marianne design gained financial support from the Ministry of Transport and design support from Dassault Aviation and the Office Nationale d'Etude de Recherche Aerospatiale (ONERA). The Marianne has a shoulder wing mounted with 3° of dihedral. It has a single spar formed from glassfibre rovings, around which the laminar flow wing profile and ailerons are made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam and glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) sandwich. There are no flaps; double plate aluminium airbrakes extend only above the upper wing surface. The fuselage is a monocoque pod and boom structure also built with composite sandwich layers, but with carbon fibre added. Its T-tail is constructed from GRP; the tailplane carries an elevator. There is no provision for water ballast. The two tandem seats have a common upper line but two single piece canopies, the forward one forward hinged and the rear opening to starboard. The undercarriage is fixed, with a main monowheel, fitted with a hydraulic brake, placed at the pod-boom transition within a prominent fairing and assisted by a smaller nosewheel. The Marianne made its first flight on 19 September 1985 and received certification on 29 January 1987. There were plans for later versions: an advanced trainer with flaps and retractable undercarriage; a higher performance Marianne with longer span (20.9 m; 68 ft 7 in); and a motorized, self launching version. None of these seem to have been built before Centrair ceased trading after producing eighty Mariannes. Operational history The Marianne got mixed reviews at club level: its performance was good, perhaps somewhere between that of two of its best contemporaries, the Grob Twin Astir and the Schempp-Hirth Janus, the airbrakes worked well and its build quality and viceless handling were also praised. Criticism focussed on the rear seat, which was said to be uncomfortable with restricted views, and the difficult rigging and de-rigging procedures. Sixty-five Mariannes appeared on the civil aircraft registers of mainland Europe in 2010. The September 2012 UK register lists two more. Another is in Australia in 2018, at Southern tableland Gliding Club. Variants 201 First two prototypes. 201A One only on 2010 European registers, in Belgium. 201B Standard production variant with at least 63 built. 201C One only on 2010 European registers, in France. 2001 As identified by Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1987/88. (probably mis-identified) 2001M A motor-glider version of the 2001 powered by a Volkswagen JPX conversion. Specifications (2001) See also References 1980s French sailplanes Aircraft first flown in 1985 T-tail aircraft
41713603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Examined%20Life%20%28disambiguation%29	The Examined Life (disambiguation)	The Examined Life is a 1989 collection of philosophical meditations by Robert Nozick. The Examined Life may also refer to: The Examined Life, a 2010 book by Theodore Dalrymple The Examined Life (Stephen Grosz book), a 2013 collection of essays by the psychoanalyst Stephen Grosz Examined Life, a 2008 film by Astra Taylor See also "The unexamined life is not worth living", a dictum apparently uttered by Socrates, as described in Plato's Apology
52331098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostebol%20caproate	Clostebol caproate	Clostebol caproate (brand name Macrobin-Depot), also known as clostebol hexanoate or chlorotestosterone caproate (JAN), as well as 4-chlorotestosterone 17β-caproate or as 4-chloroandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-caproate, is a synthetic, injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and a derivative of testosterone. It is an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β caproate ester of clostebol (4-chlorotestosterone) – and acts as a prodrug of clostebol in the body. Clostebol acetate is administered via intramuscular injection. See also Clostebol acetate Clostebol propionate Norclostebol Norclostebol acetate Oxabolone Oxabolone cipionate References Androgen esters Androgens and anabolic steroids Androstanes Caproate esters Organochlorides Prodrugs
47767098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%20Halle-Merseburg	Gau Halle-Merseburg	The Gau Halle-Merseburg was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the Prussian Province of Saxony. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. History The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany. At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War, with little interference from above. Local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the Volkssturm and the defense of the Gau. The position of Gauleiter in Halle-Merseburg was initially held by Walter Ernst from 1925 to 1926, followed by Paul Hinkler from 1926 to 1931 and Rudolf Jordan from 1931 to 1937. Joachim Albrecht Eggeling was the final Gauleiter, holding the position from 1937 to 1945. The first two Gauleiters, Ernst and Hinkler, both died in the final month of the war, the former killed in action, the latter through suicide. Jordan, the third Gauleiter, was sentenced to 25 years prison in the Soviet Union after the war but released in 1955 and died in 1988. He published his autobiography about his time as Gauleiter and in captivity which showed no indication that he was willing to take responsibility for the events in Nazi Germany. Eggeling, attempting to prevent the city of Halle from destruction, unsuccessfully petitioned the Nazi leadership in April 1945 to be permitted to not defend the city. After the refusal, Eggeling shot himself on 15 April 1945 with the city taken by the US Army on 19 April. References External links Illustrated list of Gauleiter Halle-Merseburg 1925 establishments in Germany 1945 disestablishments in Germany Former states and territories of Saxony-Anhalt
30104414	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Crossland	Andrew Crossland	Andrew Crossland (30 November 1816 – 17 November 1902) was an English first-class cricketer, active 1844–55 who played for Sheffield Cricket Club . Born in Dalton, Huddersfield, he died in November 1902 in Hull. His son Samuel Crossland also played first-class cricket. References Cricket Archive Statistics 1816 births 1902 deaths Cricketers from Huddersfield English cricketers of 1826 to 1863 English cricketers Yorkshire cricketers North v South cricketers All-England Eleven cricketers
501999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%27s%20Animal%20Kingdom	Disney's Animal Kingdom	Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park is a zoological theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, Experiences and Products division, it is the largest theme park in the world, covering . The park opened on Earth Day, April 22, 1998, and was the fourth theme park built at the resort. The park is dedicated and themed around natural environment and animal conservation, a philosophy once pioneered by Walt Disney. Disney's Animal Kingdom distinguishes itself from the rest of Walt Disney World's theme parks by featuring traditional attractions as well as hundreds of species of live animals. Special designs and provisions were incorporated throughout the park to protect the animals' welfare. The park is located on the western edge of the resort and is isolated from the other theme parks and properties to minimize external disruptions to the animals; as a result, the park's former nighttime show did not feature fireworks that would otherwise disturb the animals. In efforts to be more eco-friendly, the park uses biodegradable paper straws and prohibits plastic straws, lids, and balloons. Disney's Animal Kingdom is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, indicating they have met or exceeded the standards in education, conservation, and research. In 2019, Disney's Animal Kingdom hosted 13.888 million guests, ranking it as the third-most-visited theme park in North America and the sixth-most-visited theme park in the world. It is the most-visited zoo in the world. The park is the second-most-visited at Walt Disney World Resort, behind Disney's Magic Kingdom. The park's icon is the Tree of Life, a , artificial baobab tree. History Planning and construction Disney began planning a new park shortly after the opening of Disney-MGM Studios in 1989. Animal Kingdom was the brainchild of Imagineer Joe Rohde, who had previously designed the Adventurers Club at Pleasure Island. When presenting the idea of the new animal-themed park, Rohde brought a 400-pound Bengal tiger into the meeting with Disney CEO Michael Eisner. Originally slated as Disney's "Wild Animal Kingdom," Disney announced plans for the construction of the park in 1995 at an estimated cost of $600-$800 million. To design the theme park, Disney Imagineers traveled to Africa and Asia to study the landscapes and wildlife. In July 1996, construction was underway on the animal holding facilities, the installation of trees, shrubs, and grasses to shape the park's African Savanna-inspired landscape. Disney Imagineers collected seeds from 37 countries to be used for the plants and grasses in the park. The landscaping efforts included spreading four million cubic yards of dirt, planting 40,000 mature trees (a mix of real Savanna species and artificial Baobab trees), constructing 60 miles of underground utilities, and construction of various waterways, and structures built by over 2,600 construction workers. Many buildings contained thatched roofs assembled by Zulu workers from South Africa. About 1,500 hand-painted wooden horses were crafted in Bali under Disney supervision. Parts of the park were designed to have an aged appearance, with artificial potholes in the safari roads and boats peppered with dents and rust. Most of the park's animals were acquired in 1997 during the fall; they were held at a rented holding facility in northern Florida for quarantine and observation. Disney hired staff from 69 zoos around the United States to care for the animals. Operation The park opened to the public on April 22, 1998. Several marketing events surrounded the day. ABC aired a two-hour prime time special about the making of Animal Kingdom, as part of its The Wonderful World of Disney anthology series. Eisner and Disney Vice Chairman Roy Disney hosted an opening day party for 14,000 corporate partners, travel agents, and media figures, which included celebrities such as Michael J. Fox, Drew Carey, Stevie Wonder, David Copperfield, and Jane Goodall. Broadcasts of Good Morning America, Today and Live with Regis and Kathie Lee aired live from the park on April 22. In 2011, Disney announced a major expansion to the park, Pandora - The World of Avatar, a joint venture with director James Cameron and his production company, Lightstorm Entertainment, with the intention of transforming Animal Kingdom into a full-day operation with added attraction capacity and nighttime experiences. Construction on the area began on January 10, 2014, and the area opened to the public on May 27, 2017. The park was closed from March 16 to July 11, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida. On September 9, 2023 at Destination D23, it was announced that DinoLand USA will be closing permanently at a later date for retheming that section of Animal Kingdom. Park layout and attractions Disney's Animal Kingdom is divided into seven themed areas. The park's Discovery River separates Discovery Island from the other lands. The park is home to approximately 2000 animals representing around 200 species. Oasis The Oasis is the park's logistic equivalent to Main Street U.S.A. and provides the transition from the park's entrance to the world of animals. The main paths feature animal exhibits and dense vegetation and trees lead deeper into the park and then onto Discovery Island. Between the parking lot and the Oasis sits a Rainforest Cafe, which can be entered from both inside and outside the ticketed area. Discovery Island Discovery Island is located at the center of the park and is an island within the park's Discovery River waterway. It serves as the "central hub" connecting the other sections of the park by bridges, with the exception of Rafiki's Planet Watch. It was originally called Safari Village, as Discovery Island was the name for the small zoological park located in Walt Disney World's Bay Lake but was renamed after that area, which closed in 1999. The Tree of Life, the park's sculpted, man-made baobab tree, is located in this section and is surrounded by trails and animal enclosures. Inside the Tree of Life theater is It's Tough to Be a Bug!, a 4D film inspired by the 1998 Disney·Pixar animated film, A Bug's Life. The park's largest gift shops and two of its major restaurants are on Discovery Island. Pandora – The World of Avatar Pandora – The World of Avatar is themed to the fictional habitable exomoon, Pandora, from James Cameron's Avatar and devoted to the many extraterrestrial fauna and flora that inhabit it. The land's marquee attraction is Avatar Flight of Passage, a 3D flying thrill simulator that allows guests to fly on a banshee across the Pandoran landscape. Another attraction, the Na'vi River Journey, places guests aboard a boat dark ride through Pandora's bioluminescent rainforests. The area opened on May 27, 2017. Africa Africa is one of the original areas of the park. Set in the fictional east African port village of Harambe, this area contains several animal exhibits. Some snippets from Africa that were duplicated by the Disney Imagineers included a fortress that was found in Zanzibar, and a water-stained, crumbling old building that was found in Kenya. Harambe includes a "hotel”, restaurants, an outdoor bar with live entertainment, and different marketplaces. The village is the namesake of the Harambe Wildlife Preserve, the fictional home of the area's main attraction, Kilimanjaro Safaris. Guests climb aboard an open-sided safari vehicle for an expedition to see African species in several large field enclosures, replicating the African savannas, rivers and rocky hills. The safari features the okapi, greater kudu, saddle-billed stork, bongo, black and white rhinoceros, hippopotamus, pink-backed pelican, Nile crocodile, Masai giraffe, blue wildebeest, springbok, Ankole cattle, common eland, sable antelope, and African bush elephant. On the adjacent Gorilla Falls Exploration Trail, visitors trek into the forest to see animals such as the Western lowland gorilla, black-and-white colobus monkey, okapi, gerenuk, yellow-backed duiker, pygmy hippopotamus, Grévy's zebra, South African meerkat, Kenyan sand boa, kori bustard, naked mole-rat, tarantulas, and, as well as an aviary. On the western side of the Africa area is the Harambe Theater, which is home to the Festival of the Lion King, a live stage show based on Disney's 1994 animated feature film, The Lion King. Rafiki's Planet Watch Rafiki's Planet Watch is the only section of the park not connected to Discovery Island; it connects only to Africa. Guests board the narrow-gauge Wildlife Express Train for the short trip to and from the area, which consists of three sub-areas. Guests first encounter Habitat Habit!, where there are cotton-top tamarins. Conservation Station showcases the various conservation efforts supported by the Walt Disney Company. It also gives a behind-the-scenes glimpse into Disney's Animal Kingdom's animal care facilities, including a veterinary examination room complete with a two-way communications system so the veterinary staff can answer guest questions. Outside, Affection Section is a petting zoo featuring goats, sheep, cattle, domestic pigs, donkeys, and alpacas. The area also includes The Animation Experience at Conservation Station. Asia Asia, the first expansion area added to Disney's Animal Kingdom, opened in 1999. This area is set in the fictional kingdom of ‘Anandapur’, which means "place of many delights" in Sanskrit. Anandapur evokes the traits of Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal, and Thailand. According to Disney history, Anandapur was established as a royal hunting preserve in 1544. Asia contains both the riverside village of Anandapur and Serka Zong, which is set in the foothills of the Himalayas. The visual focal point of Asia is Expedition Everest, a steel roller coaster ride. Nearby is Kali River Rapids, a river rapids ride. The Maharajah Jungle Trek leads guests through the forests and ruins outside the village, which are home to species such as the Javan banteng, bar-headed goose, Sumatran tiger, Indian blackbuck, Eld's deer, white-handed gibbon, Indian flying fox, Komodo dragon and over 50 bird species. Feathered Friends in Flight is a live bird show featuring birds such as the black crowned crane and bald eagle. DinoLand U.S.A. DinoLand U.S.A. is themed around dinosaurs and other extinct prehistoric life. The area is anchored by the Dino Institute, a fictitious palaeontological facility which is home to Dinosaur, a dark thrill ride loosely inspired by Disney's 2000 animated feature film of the same name, featuring a trip through time to the Late Cretaceous. Just outside the institute is "Dino-Sue", a casting of a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil that is the most complete yet found. At the nearby Boneyard, there is a playground area with a Columbian mammoth fossil and a cast skeleton of a Brachiosaurus. Adjacent to the Institute and its surrounding facilities is Chester and Hester's Dino-Rama, which recalls the many roadside attractions that were once scattered throughout the United States. The area features the TriceraTop Spin aerial carousel ride, carnival games and gift shops. At the eastern edge of DinoLand U.S.A. is the Theater in the Wild, which hosts Finding Nemo: The Big Blue...and Beyond!, a musical stage show based on the story of the 2003 Disney·Pixar animated film Finding Nemo. Like the other sections of Disney's Animal Kingdom, there are animals on display. The animals, such as the American crocodile, red legged seriemas, Abdim's stork and Asian brown tortoise, have evolutionary links to the age of the dinosaurs. They are animal species that have survived since the dinosaur era and can be found along the Cretaceous Trail along with a collection of Mesozoic plants. At Destination D23 in 2023, it was announced that the area would be reimagined around the American tropics, with attractions based on Indiana Jones and Encanto. Former and unbuilt areas Camp Minnie-Mickey Camp Minnie-Mickey was themed as a rustic summer camp, built as a placeholder on the location where Beastly Kingdom was intended to be built. The area closed on January 5, 2014, and was replaced by Pandora – The World of Avatar. Beastly Kingdom When originally conceived, Disney's Animal Kingdom was to focus on three broad classifications of animals: those that exist in today's reality; those that did exist but are now extinct (i.e., dinosaurs); and those that only exist in the realm of fantasy such as unicorns and dragons. The original design for Animal Kingdom included a themed section called Beastly Kingdom, devoted to creatures of legend and mythology. During the final stages of planning of development, Eisner decided that either Beastly Kingdom or DinoLand U.S.A. would be built first because of budget cuts after the failure of Euro Disney (known today as Disneyland Paris) and the higher cost of the upkeep and care of the animals at the park. DinoLand U.S.A. was chosen first mostly because of its lower budget. In 2000, Rohde said: "We had a vision and now it's become a placeholder. We have all kinds of ideas and not all of them fit with the theme of Beastly Kingdom. I'm not even convinced there will be a Beastly Kingdom." Restaurants and shops The park contains four table service restaurants: Rainforest Cafe, a themed restaurant chain operated by Landry's, located just outside the main entrance (also accessible from inside the park). It is one of the two Rainforest Cafes at the Walt Disney World Resort. Yak & Yeti, an Asian-themed restaurant located in the park's Asia section (also operated by Landry's). Tusker House, located in Africa and one of the park's original quick-service restaurants, was converted into a buffet restaurant. Tiffins, located on Discovery Island, features the themed Nomad Lounge adjacent to it. There are seven quick-service restaurants located throughout the park: Flame Tree Barbecue on Discovery Island Pizzafari on Discovery Island Satu'li Canteen in Pandora – The World of Avatar Restaurantosaurus in DinoLand U.S.A. Tamu Tamu Refreshments in Africa Harambe Market in Africa Yak & Yeti Local Foods Café in Asia As with other Walt Disney World theme parks, Disney's Animal Kingdom has other locations and carts that offer snacks and beverages. Operations The park typically closes earlier in the day than other parks in the Walt Disney World Resort; Animal Kingdom began to stay open through the evening on May 27, 2016. Disney does not allow plastic straws, lids, or balloons to be used in the park, unlike the rest of the Disney parks. This is so that plastic does not inadvertently enter an animal's habitat and hurt them. Instead, the park uses biodegradable paper straws and offers lids for hot drinks only. The restrooms at Disney's Animal Kingdom all have doors at their entrances. This practice is in place so that, in the event of an animal escaping, guests are able to shelter safely inside. Conservation efforts As a zoological park, Disney's Animal Kingdom is engaged in research and conservation efforts involving its animal species. Since the park's opening in 1998, the resident elephant herd has produced seven calves, with births in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2016. In 2008, the park's giraffe herd produced four newborns, raising the total number of giraffe births since opening to eleven. In 1999, one of the park's white rhinoceros gave birth to a female calf named Nande. In 2006, Nande and Hasani, another of the park's rhinos, were transferred to Uganda's Ziwa animal sanctuary, in the first attempt to re-introduce white rhinos to the country. Civil strife had caused the white rhinoceros to be eradicated from the area. In June 2009, Nande gave birth to a male calf, the first such birth in Uganda in over 25 years. By January 2010, eight white rhinos had been born at Animal Kingdom since the park's opening; the most recent was born to another Animal Kingdom-born mother. Gallery Controversy Several Florida-based animal rights groups and PETA voiced concerns when the park originally opened, citing Walt Disney World's previous missteps in handling animals at the defunct Discovery Island. The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park. On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies; about two dozen protesters showed up. The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests. Following a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspection of the park, it was revealed that 31 animals died at Animal Kingdom between September 1997 and April 1998 from accidents, poisonings, fights, and other causes. Two Asian small-clawed otters died after ingesting loquat seeds from trees planted in their exhibit; two cheetah cubs died from ethylene glycol poisoning; nine herd animals died from injuries caused by fights, being entangled in fences while trying to escape, and, in one case, being kicked by an ostrich. Two crowned cranes were killed after being run over by safari vehicles in two separate incidents. The USDA ultimately found no violations of animal-welfare regulations. Disney responded to the report by hiring additional security to prevent animals from fighting, relocating the crowned cranes to walking paths, as well as adding mirrors to the safari vehicles. One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals. A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away. In January 2015, the animal rights group In Defense of Animals listed the park at number 10 on its 2014 "list of worst zoos for elephants." Incidents In October 2014, a snake dropped out of a tree and bit a boy, precipitating the death of his great-grandmother who suffered a cardiac arrest as a reaction to the attack. A lawsuit was threatened because of the incident but was never filed. The park confirmed that the snake that bit the boy was a non-venomous indigenous snake and that it did not escape from an enclosure. Attendance As of 2019, Disney's Animal Kingdom is the sixth-most-visited theme park in the world. See also List of Disney's Animal Kingdom attractions Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts References External links Zoos in Florida 1998 establishments in Florida Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom Zoos established in 1998 Amusement parks opened in 1998
3856722	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr%20%28edge%29	Burr (edge)	A burr is a raised edge or small piece of material that remains attached to a workpiece after a modification process. It is usually an unwanted piece of material and is removed with a deburring tool in a process called 'deburring'. Burrs are most commonly created by machining operations, such as grinding, drilling, milling, engraving or turning. It may be present in the form of a fine wire on the edge of a freshly sharpened tool or as a raised portion of a surface; this type of burr is commonly formed when a hammer strikes a surface. Deburring accounts for a significant portion of manufacturing costs. In the printmaking technique of drypoint, burr, which gives a rich fuzzy quality to the engraved line, is highly desirable—the great problem with the drypoint medium is that the burr rapidly diminishes after as few as ten impressions are printed. Types There are three types of burrs that can be formed from machining operations: Poisson burr, rollover burr, and breakout burr. The rollover burr is the most common. Burrs may be classified by the physical manner of formation. Plastic deformation of material includes lateral flow (Poisson burr), bending (rollover burr), and tearing of material from the workpiece (tear burr). Solidification or redeposition of material results in a recast bead. Incomplete cutoff of material causes a cutoff projection. Burrs can be minimized or prevented by considering materials, function, shape, and processing in the design and manufacturing engineering phases of product development. Burrs in drilled holes cause fastener and material problems. Burrs cause more stress to be concentrated at the edges of holes, decreasing resistance to fracture and shortening fatigue life. They interfere with the seating of fasteners, causing damage to fastener or the assembly itself. Cracks caused by stress and strain can result in material failure. Burrs in holes also increase the risk of corrosion, which may be due to variations in the thickness of coatings on a rougher surface. Sharp corners tend to concentrate electrical charge, increasing the risk of static discharge. Burrs in moving parts increase unwanted friction and heat. Rough surfaces also result in problems with lubrication, as wear is increased at the interfaces of parts. This makes it necessary to replace them more frequently. Electrical charge buildup can cause corrosion. Deburring There are many deburring processes, but the most common are mass-finishing, spindle finishing, media blasting, sanding, grinding, wire brushing, abrasive flow machining, electrochemical deburring, electropolishing, thermal energy method, machining, water jet deburring, and manual deburring. Manual Manual deburring is the most common deburring process because it is the most flexible process. It also only requires low cost tools and allows for instant inspection. Manual deburring is either done with tools like scrapers, files, sandpaper, stones and reamers or with handheld power tools that use abrasive points, sandpaper, or cutters similar to those used to deburr during machining. Electrochemical Electrochemical deburring is the use of electrochemical machining to deburr precision work pieces and edges that are hard-to-reach, such as intersecting holes. The process uses a salt or glycol solution and electricity to dissolve the burr. The electric current is applied with a specialized tool to reach the burr location. Burrs are removed in 5 to 10 seconds, while the rest of the work piece is unaffected. Thermal Thermal energy method (TEM), also known as thermal deburring, is a deburring process used to remove hard-to-reach burrs or burrs from multiple surfaces at the same time. The process uses an explosive gas mixture to provide thermal energy to burn off the burrs. It is the fastest burr removal process, requiring only 20 milliseconds to remove a burr. The process starts by loading the workpiece into an explosion-proof chamber, which is then sealed and clamped with approximately . The chamber is then evacuated of air and filled with an oxygen and fuel mix; this mixture is pressurized to . An electrical igniter then ignites the mixture, which burns for approximately 20 milliseconds, causing all of the sharp corners and burrs to burn away. The peak temperature reaches . Cryogenic Cryogenic deburring is a cryogenic process used to remove burrs and flash from plastic and die cast workpieces. The process works by tumbling and/or abrasively blasting the workpieces at cryogenic temperature levels. The low temperatures (approximately ) are achieved using liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, or dry ice. This low temperature brings the material below its embrittlement temperature, which causes the flash or burrs to be easily removed via tumbling or media blasting. This process has been around since the 1960s to deflash plastic and rubber. Common materials that are typically cryogenically deburred with blast media include PEEK, nylon, Teflon, Delrin, polypropylene, polycarbonate, acetal, PTFE, PET, HDPE, PVC, ABS and many others. Mechanical Mechanical deburring is a deburring process that either mechanically grinds a burr off of metal or rolls the edge of the dangerous slit or sheared metal burrs into itself. Rolled mechanical deburring was first developed in the 1960s by Walter W. Gauer from Gauer Metal Product, Inc. as a means to speed up the process of hand deburring strips of metal that were used in bakery racks. Water jet One of the main benefits of waterjet deburring is a high level of precision and repeatability - and for this reason, CNC control is used. This eco-friendly process uses high-pressure water to remove loose burrs and chips even in deep holes – all while leaving the parts cleaner and free of debris. Pressurized water is precisely focused via CNC control to remove burrs and chips in and around parts. Depending on the cleanliness specifications, this can be performed submerged or in an open-air environment. Open-air washing/deburring targets specific areas of the part where the water jet is focused. Submerged will clean the entire part, internally and externally. Ultrasonic Deburring Powerful ultrasonic waves are irradiated against the tank containing the liquid. This technology removes burrs by the pressure generated within the liquid as cavities are generated and dissipated. See also Swarf Fillet and chamfer, edge features designed to reduce burrs. References Bibliography Metalworking terminology Printmaking Cryogenics Plastics industry
38058544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20international%20cricket%20centuries%20by%20Garfield%20Sobers	List of international cricket centuries by Garfield Sobers	Sir Garfield Sobers (also known as Gary or Garry Sobers) is a former international cricketer who represented the West Indies cricket team between 1954 and 1974. He scored centuries (100 or more runs in an innings) on 26 occasions. Widely acknowledged as the "greatest all-rounder", he was described by Australian cricketer Don Bradman as a "five-in-one cricketer". In 93 Tests, Sobers scored 8,032 runsat a batting average of 57.78and claimed 235 wickets. He held the record for most runs by a player in Test cricket until 1981. Sobers was named one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1964, and one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Century in 2000. He entered into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame when the International Cricket Council (ICC) formally inducted him alongside 55 initial inductees in 2009. Sobers made his Test debut against Pakistan in 1954. He scored his first century (365 not out) against the same team during the third Test of the 1957–58 home series. In the event, he became the youngest player to complete a triple century. Sobers' innings remained the highest individual score in Test cricket for 36 years until it was transcended by Brian Lara in 1994; the innings, however, remains the highest maiden century for a player in Tests. In the fourth Test of the same series, Sobers went on to score centuries in both the innings; he ended up scoring 824 runs at an average of 137.33 in the series. In terms of centuries scored, he was most successful against England (10 centuries). Sobers made scores of 150 or more in a Test match innings on thirteen occasions, and was dismissed five times between scores of 90 and 99. , he has the third-highest number of centuries for West Indies in Tests. Sobers made his solitary One Day International (ODI) appearance in a match against England in September 1973; he was dismissed for a duck. Key Test cricket centuries Notes References Sobers, Garfield Sobers
35871379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20listed%20buildings%20in%20Orwell%2C%20Perth%20and%20Kinross	List of listed buildings in Orwell, Perth and Kinross	This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Orwell in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. List \|} Key Notes References All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence Orwell
13169126	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20FIA%20GT%20Adria%202%20Hours	2007 FIA GT Adria 2 Hours	The 2007 FIA GT Adria 2 Hours was the seventh round of the 2007 FIA GT Championship season. It took place at Adria International Raceway, Italy, on September 8, 2007. This race was run later than usual, under the cover of darkness. However the track did use floodlights in an attempt to aid the drivers. Official results Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC). Cars with a C under their class are running in the Citation Cup, with the winner marked in bold italics. † – #62 Scuderia Ecosse was disqualified for failing to perform its mandatory second pit stop before the end of the race. Statistics Pole Position – #33 JetAlliance Racing – 1:21.051 Average Speed – 127.28 km/h References A FIA GT Adria
63223748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Baker-Harber	Michael Baker-Harber	Michael Baker-Harber (5 October 1945 – 25 June 2022) was a sailor from Great Britain, who represented his country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Kingston, Ontario, Canada as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Iain MacDonald-Smith and fellow crew member Barry Dunning, they took the 13th place. Baker-Harber died on 25 June 2022. References Sources 1945 births 2022 deaths Sailors at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Soling Olympic sailors for Great Britain People from Uxbridge Sportspeople from the London Borough of Hillingdon British male sailors (sport) Soling class sailors World champions in sailing for Great Britain 5.5 Metre class world champions
64785295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetniks%20%28disambiguation%29	Chetniks (disambiguation)	The Chetniks were the World War II movement led by Draža Mihailović. Chetniks may also refer to: The Serbian Chetnik Organization, active during the Macedonian Struggle Chetniks in the Balkan Wars Chetniks in occupied Serbia (1916–18) Chetniks in the interwar period Chetnik (pejorative), an ethnic slur against Serbs Members of a Cheta (armed group), armed bands in the Balkans
7898908	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milpo%C5%A1	Milpoš	Milpoš is a village and municipality in Sabinov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1950. Milpoš coat of arms is seen at the right. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 510 metres and covers an area of 11.081 km². It has a population of about 663 people. External links https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html http://www.milpos.sk Villages and municipalities in Sabinov District
40695219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariarosaria%20Rossi	Mariarosaria Rossi	Mariarosaria Rossi (born March 8, 1972 in Piedimonte Matese) is an Italian politician. Biography She became an entrepreneur in the field of debt collection with the "Euro Service Group" of her husband at the time, Antonio Persici, with whom she has a son named Lorenzo. Her first political experience was on the District Council in the 10th Municipality of Rome in 2006. In 2008 she was elected MP at the Chamber of Deputies, and in 2013 she was elected to the Senate. On 20 May 2014, she replaced Sandro Bondi as Forza Italia special commissioner with the task of cutting costs and signing nominations. Within two years she was able to reduce the debt from 12 to 3.5 million euros. On 2 March 2016 she was appointed commissioner of the party in the province of Caserta. She was given the nickname "La badante" ("The caregiver"), as she personally assisted Silvio Berlusconi in private and public matter. Together with Giovanni Toti, Francesca Pascale, Alessia Ardesi and Deborah Bergamini, Rossi formed Berlusconi's so-called "magic circle". Following Berlusconi's heart surgery, the “family council” (Berlusconi’s children along with Gianni Letta, Fedele Confalonieri and Niccolò Ghedini) replaced the “circle” which they had judged guilty of increasing the stress on the former prime minister. On June 29, 2016, Rossi resigned as party commissioner being replaced by Alfredo Messina and at the same time she was appointed Treasurer of the Forza Italia Group in the Senate. In December she returned to Berlusconi's "court" to take care of "minor commissions and house management". Judicial proceedings In 2010, wiretaps done as part of investigations by the judicial police revealed Rossi’s regular participation in the bunga bunga parties at Berlusconi’s residence in Arcore. On 24 June 2013, as part of the trial for extortion and child prostitution against Silvio Berlusconi, the minutes of Rossi's deposition were transmitted to the prosecution to assess whether or not the conditions existed for her to be investigated for perjury. On 30 June 2015, the Milan Public Prosecutor announced the end of the investigation of 34 suspects, including Rossi, accused of perjury in the "Ruby Ter" investigation into the Arcore dinners. On 19 October 2016 she was arraigned for prosecution together with 22 other people. References 1972 births Living people People from Piedimonte Matese Forza Italia politicians The People of Freedom politicians Forza Italia (2013) politicians Deputies of Legislature XVI of Italy Senators of Legislature XVII of Italy Senators of Legislature XVIII of Italy Politicians of Campania 21st-century Italian women 20th-century Italian women Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy) Women members of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)
57238136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynaikothrips	Gynaikothrips	Gynaikothrips is a genus of tube-tailed thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. There are more than 30 described species in Gynaikothrips. Species These 35 species belong to the genus Gynaikothrips: Gynaikothrips additamentus Karny Gynaikothrips australis Bagnall Gynaikothrips brevisetis Priesner Gynaikothrips chavicae Karny Gynaikothrips citricornis Moulton, 1928 Gynaikothrips ebneri Karny, 1920 Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal, 1908) (Cuban laurel thrips) Gynaikothrips fumipennis Karny Gynaikothrips fuscipes Karny, 1922 Gynaikothrips garitacambroneroi Retana-Salazar, 2006 Gynaikothrips gracilis Karny Gynaikothrips hirsutus Gynaikothrips hopkinsi Bagnall Gynaikothrips hystrix Bagnall Gynaikothrips imitans Karny Gynaikothrips imitator Ananthakrishnan Gynaikothrips insulsus Priesner, 1939 Gynaikothrips karnyi Bagnall Gynaikothrips litoralis Karny Gynaikothrips longiceps Karny Gynaikothrips longicornis Karny, 1915 Gynaikothrips luzonensis Priesner Gynaikothrips messuicola Bagnall Gynaikothrips mikaniae Priesner Gynaikothrips obscuripes Bagnall Gynaikothrips pallipes Karny Gynaikothrips piperis Priesner Gynaikothrips pontis Reyes, 1996 Gynaikothrips satanas Priesner Gynaikothrips scotti Bagnall Gynaikothrips simillimus Karny, 1916 Gynaikothrips sulcifrons Ananthakrishnan Gynaikothrips tristis Karny, 1915 Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann, 1900) Gynaikothrips williamsi Karny References Further reading Phlaeothripidae Articles created by Qbugbot
55644699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narutaki%20Station	Narutaki Station	is a tram stop in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The station is serviced by the Randen Kitano Line that begins at and continues to . Station layout The station consists of two platforms at ground level. Platform 1 services trams to , connecting with the Randen Arashiyama Line. Platform 2 services trams bound for . Adjacent stations References External links Stations of Keifuku Electric Railroad Railway stations in Japan opened in 1926
20365464	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort%20%28dinghy%29	Beaufort (dinghy)	The Beaufort is a substantial GRP sailing dinghy, with round bilges (appearing similar to a carvel smooth hull, a mainsail and a jib. It was designed by Ian Proctor c. 1965. It's a relatively stable cruising dinghy, and is equipped with a metal centreplate. The Beaufort sail mark is a trumpet with a black square beneath and a white "B" within the black square. References Dinghies Boats designed by Ian Proctor
54801444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Arsenal%20W.F.C.%20seasons	List of Arsenal W.F.C. seasons	This is a list of seasons played by Arsenal W.F.C., the women's section of English football club Arsenal F.C. since its creation in 1987. Key Key to league competitions: FA Women's Super League (WSL) – England's top women's football league, established in 2011. FA Women's Premier League National Division (Prem) – The first tier of English women's football until the inception of the WSL in 2011. It was scrapped after the 2012–13 season and effectively replaced with the FA Women's Championship. FA Women's Premier League Southern Division (Prem South) – The second tier of English women's football until the inception of the WSL in 2011, when it became the third tier. Key to colours and symbols: Key to league record: Season = The year and article of the season Pos = Final position Pld = Games played W = Games won D = Games drawn L = Games lost GF = Goals scored GA = Goals against Pts = Points Key to cup record: En-dash (–) = Arsenal did not participate DNE = The club did not enter cup play QR1 = First qualification round QR2 = Second qualification round, etc. Group = Group stage GS2 = Second group stage R1 = First round R2 = Second round, etc. R16 = Round of 16 QF = Quarter-finals SF = Semi-finals RU = Runners-up W = Winners Seasons Footnotes References women's seasons Arsenal F.C. Arsenal
69218494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikki%20discography	Jikki discography	Pillavalu Gajapathi Krishnaveni (3 November 1935 – 16 August 2004), popularly known as Jikki, was an Indian playback singer. She sang mainly in Telugu and Tamil films. She also sang in Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi, and Sinhala languages. Discography Bibliography Lists of songs recorded by Indian singers
61533744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicranum%20menziesii	Dicranum menziesii	Dicranoloma menziesii is a species of moss. It grows in moist situations on the coast and tablelands of eastern Australia. As well as Lord Howe Island, the Juan Fernandez Islands and southern areas of South America. It also may be found in moist forests of New Zealand, on trunks of trees or in mats on the forest floor. Leaves are narrow and falcate in shape, with tapering leaves resembling grass. References Dicranaceae Plants described in 1844 Flora of Australia Flora of New Zealand Flora of Lord Howe Island Flora of Southern America
29435718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20Dubai%20Tennis%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Singles	1997 Dubai Tennis Championships – Singles	Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion but lost in the final 7–5, 7–6(7–3) against Thomas Muster. Seeds A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. Goran Ivanišević (final) Thomas Muster (champion) Richard Krajicek (quarterfinals) Wayne Ferreira (quarterfinals) Carlos Moyá (first round) Albert Costa (second round) Boris Becker (quarterfinals) Félix Mantilla (first round) Draw References 1997 Dubai Tennis Championships Draw 1997 Dubai Tennis Championships Singles
20806139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20ASP%20World%20Tour	2002 ASP World Tour	The 2002 ASP World Tour is a professional competitive surfing league. It is run by the Association of Surfing Professionals. Men's World Tour Tournaments Source Final standings Source Women's World Tour Tournaments Source Final standings Source External links Official Site World Surf League ASP World Tour
7244381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Hausmann%20Estate	Theodore Hausmann Estate	The Theodore Hausmann Estate is a historic site in Vero Beach, Florida. It is located at 4800 16th Street. On March 14, 1997, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. References External links Indian River County listings at National Register of Historic Places Indian River County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida National Register of Historic Places in Indian River County, Florida Buildings and structures in Vero Beach, Florida Houses in Indian River County, Florida Vernacular architecture in Florida 1922 establishments in Florida Houses completed in 1922
41418123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch%20Hirson	Baruch Hirson	Baruch Hirson (10 December 1921 – 3 October 1999) was a South African political activist, academic, author, and historian, who was jailed for nine years in apartheid-era South Africa before moving to England in 1973. He was co-founder of the critical journal Searchlight South Africa, and in 1991, a critic of what he referred to as Stalinist methods used by the African National Congress (ANC). Life Baruch Hirson was born to a lower-middle class Jewish family in Doornfontein, Johannesburg. His parents, Joseph and Lily Hirson, had emigrated to South Africa to escape anti-Semitism in the Russian Empire. From the age of four, Hirson attended a Hebrew school in Johannesburg. His mathematical ability enabled him to study as a part-time student at the University of Witwatersrand, matriculating in 1939. In 1940, he joined Hashomer Hatzair, the radical Zionist youth movement. Encountering organized anti-Semitism from the Greyshirts and those celebrating the centenary of the Great Trek, he moved towards Marxism, joining the Fourth International Organisation of South Africa (FIOSA). Influenced against Stalinism by reading Workers' Front (1938), Fenner Brockway's account of the Spanish Civil War, he became a Trotskyist. From 1944 to 1946, Hirson was full-time-organiser for the Workers' International League, a short-lived Trotskyist group, trying to develop black trade unions despite the Suppression of Communism Act. He came to know other South African Trotskyists such as M. N. Averbach, Hosea Jaffe, Yudel Burlak and Raff Lee. When the WIL stopped working with unions, Hirson was involved for a while with the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM). In 1950, he joined the Congress of Democrats, the white wing of the ANC-led Congress Alliance, organizing a new Socialist League of Africa. After the Sharpeville Massacre Hirson felt discouraged by the political failure to combat apartheid and in 1960 he wrote a critique of the movement, called 10 Years of the Stay at Home. In the early 1960s, Hirson organized a National Committee for Liberation, later known as the African Resistance Movement (ARM), with other Trotskyists and younger members of the ANC. The group carried out sabotage actions, and in 1964 Hirson was arrested, convicted of sabotage, and jailed for nine years. During his time in Pretoria Central Prison, he met Denis Goldberg, and helped Goldberg to communicate with ANC members on the outside via coded letters. These communications helped to effect the prison escape of Tim Jenkin, Stephen Lee and Alex Moumbaris in 1979 (later the subject of the film Escape from Pretoria). Released in 1973, but facing a banning order and house arrest, Hirson and his family moved to England. There he found posts at Middlesex University and Bradford University. He initially lectured in physics, but in 1986, enrolled for a PhD in history. Beginning with Year of fire, year of ash, a record of the Soweto uprising, Hirson wrote a series of works on the history of the left and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa. He collaborated with Hillel Ticktin of Critique, and founded the critical journal Searchlight South Africa with Paul Trewhela. In 1991, Hirson returned to visit South Africa, speaking at eight universities with the demand that "use of Stalinist methods in the ANC" be exposed and stopped. In 1995, his biography of the Welsh communist and opponent of apartheid, David Ivon Jones, was published. He died in London in 1999, aged 77, from the cumulative effects of a long-term degenerative paralysis of the bone structure, one of several health problems exacerbated by his imprisonment. Recognition In March 2011, the country of Sierra Leone issued a postage stamp in his honor, naming him as one of the Legendary Heroes of Africa. Works '10 Years of the Stay at Home', International Socialism, 1961 Year of fire, year of ash: the Soweto revolt, roots of a revolution, 1979 Yours for the union!: class and community struggles in South Africa, 1930-1947, 1989 Colonialism and Imperialism p. 7–18 in Searchlight South Africa, Vol 2, No 3, July 1991 Strike across the Empire: the seamen's strike of 1925 : in Britain, South Africa and Australasia, 1992 Revolutions in my life, 1995 The delegate for Africa: David Ivon Jones, 1883-1924, 1995 The Cape Town intellectuals: Ruth Schechter and her circle, 1907-1934, 2000 Frank Glass: the restless revolutionary, 2003 A history of the Left in South Africa: writings of Baruch Hirson, 2005 References External links Baruch Hirson material at the Marxists Internet Archive Baruch Hirson archives held by the University of London 1921 births 1999 deaths 20th-century South African historians South African Trotskyists South African Jews Jewish socialists Jewish South African anti-apartheid activists Historians of South Africa Academics of the University of Bradford White South African anti-apartheid activists South African Marxists South African expatriates in the United Kingdom
26888276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propilidium%20lissocona	Propilidium lissocona	Propilidium lissocona is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetidae, one of the families of true limpets. Description Distribution Propilidium lissocona can be found between 30.98°N to 25°N and 81°W to 79.64°W at depths of 155 to 538 meters. References Lepetidae Gastropods described in 1927
63468983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fury	John Fury	John Fury (born May 22, 1964) He is the father of two-time heavyweight boxing world champion Tyson Fury, as well as reality television personality and Professional boxer Tommy Fury. He is also uncle to heavyweight boxer Hughie Fury and brother of Boxing Trainer, Pete Fury. Background Fury was born on May 22, 1964 in Tuam, Galway, Ireland into a family of bare-back riders. Boxing career Fury's professional boxing career spanned eight years, beginning in April 1987 and ending in June 1996. In total, he was involved in 13 bouts. He made his professional debut on 28 April 1987 when he lost to rugby league player Adam Fogerty in Halifax, West Yorkshire. From there Fury went on to win his next six fights until a draw with David Hopkins in Helsinki on 13 February 1989. He was rewarded by a shot at the vacant Central Area title against Neil Malpass but lost on points. After that he rebounded with wins against Michael Murray, a future British title challenger and Cesare Di Benedetto, a future Italian title challenger. However in his next fight Fury suffered a KO loss against future WBO champion Henry Akinwande. This loss was followed by a four year absence from the ring until Fury returned against former opponent Steve Garber in Manchester in 1995; he was knocked out again inside four rounds. Fury finished his career with the record of 8–4–1. Public image Fury has been involved in many high-profile situations whilst supporting his son Tyson. After Tyson Fury defeated reigning 11-year champion Wladimir Klitschko in Düsseldorf on 27 November 2015, John Fury criticised the media for their lack of faith, exhorted them to "stop being yes men" then ordered everybody in the room to give his son a standing ovation for his achievement. In the build-up to Tyson's rematch with Deontay Wilder, Fury was involved in a heated dispute with former heavyweight boxer David Haye over his son's chances before the fight. Fury stated that Wilder would 'crack' given that Tyson was no longer "as weak as a kitten" unlike in their previous controversial draw. He told BT Sport, "A man when he's pressured and he's in a hard time, he'll crack at the seams", before offering Haye a £1,000,000 bet on whether he would be proven correct, which he was. Fury's verbal tirades often verge on the obscene when, for example, he publicly belittled Deontay Wilder stating that he "is not fit to carry Anthony Joshua's jockstrap". More recently, Fury appeared in the ITV documentary series Tyson Fury: The Gypsy King detailing the road to his son's rematch with Wilder. Fury appears many times but most notably in one of the final scenes showing his live reaction to the fight as he watched on a television at the BT Studios. In March 2022, John Fury was confirmed as a brand ambassador for the sports betting website, Freebets.com. Criminal conviction In 2011, Fury was found guilty of wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm for gouging a man's eye out in a brawl in 2010. He was handed an 11-year sentence. The victim was left half-blind after a 12-year dispute erupted in violence at a car auction in 2010, with Fury getting the victim in a headlock and forcing his fingers into the victim's eyes. He was released from prison in February 2015. Media appearances Fury has appeared on many British television broadcasts, including live shows, pre-recorded programmes and documentaries. Professional boxing record References Living people Irish male boxers Sportspeople from Tuam Fury family Boxers from County Galway 1964 births Irish people convicted of assault

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