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] |
Comparison of the Sachs-Wolfe Effect for Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Fluctuations
|
A consequence of non-Gaussian perturbations on the Sachs-Wolfe effect is studied. For a particular power spectrum, predicted Sachs-Wolfe effects are calculated for two cases: Gaussian (random phase) configuration, and a specific kind of non-Gaussian configuration. We obtain a result that the Sachs-Wolfe effect for the latter case is smaller when each temperature fluctuation is properly normalized with respect to the corresponding mass fluctuation ${\delta M\over M}(R)$. The physical explanation and the generality of the result are discussed.
|
Jong H. Kung
|
gr-qc astro-ph
|
August
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9208011
|
gr-qc/9209001
|
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] |
Quantum Gravity, the Origin of Time and Time's Arrow
|
The local Lorentz and diffeomorphism symmetries of Einstein's gravitational theory are spontaneously broken by a Higgs mechanism by invoking a phase transition in the early Universe, at a critical temperature $T_c$ below which the symmetry is restored. The spontaneous breakdown of the vacuum state generates an external time and the wave function of the Universe satisfies a time dependent Schrodinger equation, which reduces to the Wheeler-deWitt equation in the classical regime for $T < T_c$, allowing a semi-classical WKB approximation to the wave function. The conservation of energy is spontaneously violated for $T > T_c$ and matter is created fractions of seconds after the big bang, generating the matter in the Universe. The time direction of the vacuum expectation value of the scalar Higgs field generates a time asymmetry, which defines the cosmological arrow of time and the direction of increasing entropy as the Lorentz symmetry is restored at low temperatures.
|
J. W. Moffat
|
gr-qc
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209001
|
gr-qc/9209002
|
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] |
Results on exact solutions of low energy string theory
|
A family of solutions to low energy string theory is found. These solutions represent waves traveling along "extremal black strings"
|
David Garfinkle
|
gr-qc
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209002
|
gr-qc/9209003
|
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] |
Transformations and BRST-Charges in 2+1 Dimensional Gravitation
|
Canonical transformations relating the variables of the ADM-, Ashtekar's and Witten's formulations of gravity are computed in 2+1~dimensions. Three different forms of the BRST-charge are given in the 2+1 dimensional Ashtekar formalism, two of them using Ashtekar's form of the constraints and one of them using the forms suggested by Witten. The BRST-charges are of different rank.
|
G\'eza F\"ul\"op
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209003
|
gr-qc/9209004
|
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] |
A Quasilocal Test of the Finiteness of the Universe
|
The Cosmological Principle states that the universe is both homogeneous and isotropic. This, alone, is not enough to specify the global geometry of the spacetime. If we were able to measure both the Hubble constant and the energy density we could determine whether the universe is open or closed. Unfortunately, while some agreement exists on the value of the Hubble constant, the question of the energy density seems quite intractable. This Letter describes a possible way of avoiding this difficulty and shows that if one could measure the rate at which light-rays emerging from a surface expand, one might well be able to deduce whether the universe is closed.
|
Edward Malec and Niall \'O Murchadha
|
gr-qc astro-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209004
|
gr-qc/9209005
|
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] |
The Loss of Unitarity in the Vicinity of a Time Machine
|
We construct the propagator of a non-relativistic non-interacting particle in a flat spacetime in which two regions have been identified. This corresponds to the simplest "time machine". We show that while completeness is lost in the vicinity of the time machine it holds before the time machine appears and it is recovered afterwards. Unitarity, however, is not satisfied anywhere. We discuss the implications of these results and their relationship to the loss of unitarity in black hole evaporation.
|
Dalia S. Goldwirth, Malcolm J. Perry and Tsvi Piran
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209005
|
gr-qc/9209006
|
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] |
Asymptotic Behavior of the $T^3 \times R$ Gowdy Spacetimes
|
We present new evidence in support of the Penrose's strong cosmic censorship conjecture in the class of Gowdy spacetimes with $T^3$ spatial topology. Solving Einstein's equations perturbatively to all orders we show that asymptotically close to the boundary of the maximal Cauchy development the dominant term in the expansion gives rise to curvature singularity for almost all initial data. The dominant term, which we call the ``geodesic loop solution'', is a solution of the Einstein's equations with all space derivatives dropped. We also describe the extent to which our perturbative results can be rigorously justified.
|
Boro Grubisic and Vincent Moncrief
|
gr-qc
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209006
|
gr-qc/9209007
|
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] |
Semiclassical Effects and the Onset of Inflation
|
We present a class of exact solutions to the constraint equations of General Relativity coupled to a Klein - Gordon field, these solutions being isotropic but not homogeneous. We analyze the subsequent evolution of the consistent Cauchy data represented by those solutions, showing that only certain special initial conditions eventually lead to successfull Inflationary cosmologies. We argue, however, that these initial conditions are precisely the likely outcomes of quantum events occurred before the inflationary era.
|
E. Calzetta and M. Sakellariadou
|
gr-qc
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209007
|
gr-qc/9209008
|
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] |
Continuous Family of Einstein-Yang-Mills Wormholes
|
It is shown that for some particular value of the cosmological constant depending on the gauge coupling constant a continuous one-parameter family of Einstein-Yang-Mills wormholes exists which interpolates between the instanton and the gravitating meron solutions. In contradistinction with the previously known solutions the topological charge of these wormholes is not quantized. For all of them the contribution of gravity to the action exactly cancels that of the gauge field.
|
E.E. Donets and D.V. Gal'tsov
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209008
|
gr-qc/9209009
|
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] |
Euclidean Maxwell-Einstein Theory
|
After reviewing the context in which Euclidean propagation is useful we compare and contrast Euclidean and Lorentzian Maxwell-Einstein theory and give some examples of Euclidean solutions.
|
Dieter Brill
|
gr-qc
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209009
|
gr-qc/9209010
|
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] |
Detection, Measurement and Gravitational Radiation
|
Here I examine how to determine the sensitivity of the LIGO, VIRGO, and LAGOS gravitational wave detectors to sources of gravitational radiation by considering the process by which data are analyzed in a noisy detector. By constructing the probability that the detector output is consistent with the presence of a signal, I show how to (1) quantify the uncertainty that the output contains a signal and is not simply noise, and (2) construct the probability distribution that the signal parameterization has a certain value. From the distribution and its mode I determine volumes $V(P)$ in parameter space such that actual signal parameters are in $V(P)$ with probability $P$. If we are {\em designing} a detector, or determining the suitability of an existing detector for observing a new source, then we don't have detector output to analyze but are interested in the ``most likely'' response of the detector to a signal. I exploit the techniques just described to determine the ``most likely'' volumes $V(P)$ for detector output corresponding to the source. Finally, as an example, I apply these techniques to anticipate the sensitivity of the LIGO and LAGOS detectors to the gravitational radiation from a perturbed Kerr black hole.
|
Lee Samuel Finn
|
gr-qc astro-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209010
|
gr-qc/9209011
|
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] |
The Modular Group, Operator Ordering, and Time in (2+1)-Dimensional Gravity
|
A choice of time-slicing in classical general relativity permits the construction of time-dependent wave functions in the ``frozen time'' Chern-Simons formulation of $(2+1)$-dimensional quantum gravity. Because of operator ordering ambiguities, however, these wave functions are not unique. It is shown that when space has the topology of a torus, suitable operator orderings give rise to wave functions that transform under the modular group as automorphic functions of arbitrary weights, with dynamics determined by the corresponding Maass Laplacians on moduli space.
|
S. Carlip
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209011
|
gr-qc/9209012
|
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] |
Quasilocal Energy and Conserved Charges Derived from the Gravitational Action
|
The quasilocal energy of gravitational and matter fields in a spatially bounded region is obtained by employing a Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of the action functional. First, a surface stress-energy-momentum tensor is defined by the functional derivative of the action with respect to the three-metric on ${}^3B$, the history of the system's boundary. Energy density, momentum density, and spatial stress are defined by projecting the surface stress tensor normally and tangentially to a family of spacelike two-surfaces that foliate ${}^3B$. The integral of the energy density over such a two-surface $B$ is the quasilocal energy associated with a spacelike three-surface $\Sigma$ whose intersection with ${}^3B$ is the boundary $B$. The resulting expression for quasilocal energy is given in terms of the total mean curvature of the spatial boundary $B$ as a surface embedded in $\Sigma$. The quasilocal energy is also the value of the Hamiltonian that generates unit magnitude proper time translations on ${}^3B$ in the direction orthogonal to $B$. Conserved charges such as angular momentum are defined using the surface stress tensor and Killing vector fields on ${}^3B$. For spacetimes that are asymptotically flat in spacelike directions, the quasilocal energy and angular momentum defined here agree with the results of Arnowitt-Deser-Misner in the limit that the boundary tends to spatial infinity. For spherically symmetric spacetimes, it is shown that the quasilocal energy has the correct Newtonian limit, and includes a negative contribution due to gravitational binding.
|
J. David Brown and James W. York
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209012
|
gr-qc/9209013
|
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] |
Poincar\'e Gauge Theories for Lineal Garvity
|
We have shown that two of the most studied models of lineal gravities - Liouville gravity and a ``string-inspired'' model exhibiting the main characteristic features of a black-hole solution - can be formulated as gauge invariant theories of the Poincar\'e group. The gauge invariant couplings to matter (particles, scalar and spinor fields) and explicit solutions for some matter field configurations, are provided. It is shown that both the models, as well as the couplings to matter, can be obtained as suitable dimensional reductions of a 2+1-dimensional ISO(2,1) gauge invariant theory.
|
G. Grignani and G. Nardelli
|
gr-qc
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209013
|
gr-qc/9209014
|
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] |
The Microcanonical Functional Integral. I. The Gravitational Field
|
The gravitational field in a spatially finite region is described as a microcanonical system. The density of states $\nu$ is expressed formally as a functional integral over Lorentzian metrics and is a functional of the geometrical boundary data that are fixed in the corresponding action. These boundary data are the thermodynamical extensive variables, including the energy and angular momentum of the system. When the boundary data are chosen such that the system is described semiclassically by {\it any} real stationary axisymmetric black hole, then in this same approximation $\ln\nu$ is shown to equal 1/4 the area of the black hole event horizon. The canonical and grand canonical partition functions are obtained by integral transforms of $\nu$ that lead to "imaginary time" functional integrals. A general form of the first law of thermodynamics for stationary black holes is derived. For the simpler case of nonrelativistic mechanics, the density of states is expressed as a real-time functional integral and then used to deduce Feynman's imaginary-time functional integral for the canonical partition function.
|
J. David Brown and James W. York
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209014
|
gr-qc/9209015
|
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] |
Jordan-Brans-Dicke Quantum Wormholes and Coleman's Mechanism
|
We consider the quantum gravity and cosmology of a Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory, predicted by string effective actions. We study its canonical formalism and find that the constraint algebra is that of general relativity, as a consequence of the general covariance of scalar-tensor theories. We also analyze the problem of boundary conditions and propose that they must be imposed in the Jordan frame, in which particles satisfy the strong equivalence principle. Specifically, we discuss both Hartle-Hawking and wormhole boundary conditions in the context of quantum cosmology. We find quantum wormhole solutions for Jordan-Brans-Dicke gravity even in the absence of matter. Wormholes may affect the constants of nature and, in particular, the Brans-Dicke parameter. Following Coleman's mechanism, we find a probability distribution which is strongly peaked at zero cosmological constant and infinite Brans-Dicke parameter. That is, we recover general relativity as the effective low energy theory of gravity.
|
Luis J. Garay and Juan Garcia-Bellido
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9209015
|
gr-qc/9210001
|
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] |
Clifford Algebra of Two-Forms, Conformal Structures and Field Equations
|
I review the equivalence between duality operators on two-forms and conformal structures in four dimensions, from a Clifford algebra point of view (due to Urbantke and Harnett). I also review an application, which leads to a set of "neighbours" of Einstein's equations. An attempt to formulate reality conditions for the "neighbours" is discussed.
|
Ingemar Bengtsson
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210001
|
gr-qc/9210002
|
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] |
The Nordtvedt effect in the Trojan asteroids
|
Bounds to the Nordtvedt parameter are obtained from the motion of the first twelve Trojan asteroids in the period 1906-1990. From the analysis performed, we derive a value for the inverse of the Saturn mass 3497.80 \pm 0.81 and the Nordtvedt parameter -0.56 \pm 0.48, from a simultaneous solution for all asteroids.
|
R.B. Orellana and H. Vucetich
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210002
|
gr-qc/9210003
|
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] |
The Wave Function of the Universe by the New Euclidean Path-integral Approach in Quantum Cosmology
|
The wave function of the universe is evaluated by using the Euclidean path integral approach. As is well known, the real Euclidean path integral diverges because the Einstein-Hilbert action is not positive definite. In order to obtain a finite wave function, we propose a new regularization method and calculate the wave function of the Friedmann- Robertson-Walker type minisuperspace model. We then consider a homogeneous but anisotropic type minisuperspace model, which is known as the Bianch type I model. The physical meaning of the wave function by this new regularization method is also examined.
|
Atushi Ishikawa and Haruhiko Ueda
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210003
|
gr-qc/9210004
|
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] |
The Spacetime Approach to Quantum Mechanics
|
Feynman's sum-over-histories formulation of quantum mechanics is reviewed as an independent statement of quantum theory in spacetime form. It is different from the usual Schr\"odinger-Heisenberg formulation that utilizes states on spacelike surfaces because it assigns probabilities to different sets of alternatives. Sum-over-histories quantum mechanics can be generalized to deal with spacetime alternatives that are not "at definite moments of time". An example in field theory is the set of alternative ranges of values of a field averaged over a spacetime region. An example in particle mechanics is the set of the alternatives defined by whether a particle never crosses a fixed spacetime region or crosses it at least once. The general notion of a set of spacetime alternatives is a partition (coarse-graining) of the histories into an exhaustive set of exclusive classes. With this generalization the sum-over-histories formulation can be said to be in fully spacetime form with dynamics represented by path integrals over spacetime histories and alternatives defined as spacetime partitions of these histories. When restricted to alternatives at definite moments of times this generalization is equivalent to Schr\"odinger-Heisenberg quantum mechanics. However, the quantum mechanics of more general spacetime alternatives does not have an equivalent Schr\"odinger-Heisenberg formulation. We suggest that, in the quantum theory of gravity, the general notion of "observable" is supplied by diffeomorphism invariant partitions of spacetime metrics and matter field configurations. By generalizing the usual alternatives so as to put quantum theory in fully spacetime form we may be led to a covariant generalized quantum mechanics of spacetime free from the problem of time.
|
James B. Hartle
|
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210004
|
gr-qc/9210005
|
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] |
The Dark Matter Problem in Light of Quantum Gravity
|
We show how, by considering the cumulative effect of tiny quantum gravitational fluctuations over very large distances, it may be possible to: ($a$) reconcile nucleosynthesis bounds on the density parameter of the Universe with the predictions of inflationary cosmology, and ($b$) reproduce the inferred variation of the density parameter with distance. Our calculation can be interpreted as a computation of the contribution of quantum gravitational degrees of freedom to the (local) energy density of the Universe.
|
T. Goldman, J. P\'erez-Mercader, Fred Cooper and Michael Martin Nieto
|
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210005
|
gr-qc/9210006
|
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] |
The Quantum Mechanics of Closed Systems
|
A pedagogical introduction is given to the quantum mechanics of closed systems, most generally the universe as a whole. Quantum mechanics aims at predicting the probabilities of alternative coarse-grained time histories of a closed system. Not every set of alternative coarse-grained histories that can be described may be consistently assigned probabilities because of quantum mechanical interference between individual histories of the set. In the quantum mechanics of closed systems, containing both observer and observed, probabilities are assigned to those sets of alternative histories for which there is negligible interference between individual histories as a consequence of the system's initial condition and dynamics. Such sets of histories are said to decohere. Typical mechanisms of decoherence that are widespread in our universe are illustrated. Copenhagen quantum mechanics is an approximation to the more general quantum framework of closed subsystems. It is appropriate when there is an approximately isolated subsystem that is a participant in a measurement situation in which (among other things) the decoherence of alternative registrations of the apparatus can be idealized as exact. Since the quantum mechanics of closed systems does not posit the existence of the quasiclassical domain of everyday experience, the domain of the approximate aplicability of classical physics must be explained. We describe how a quasiclassical domain described by averages of densities of approximately conserved quantities could be an emergent feature of an initial condition of the universe that implies the approximate classical behavior of spacetime on accessible scales.
|
James B. Hartle
|
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210006
|
gr-qc/9210007
|
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] |
Unitary Equivalence of the Metric and Holonomy Formulations of 2+1 Dimensional Quantum Gravity on the Torus
|
Recent work on canonical transformations in quantum mechanics is applied to transform between the Moncrief metric formulation and the Witten-Carlip holonomy formulation of 2+1-dimensional quantum gravity on the torus. A non-polynomial factor ordering of the classical canonical transformation between the metric and holonomy variables is constructed which preserves their classical modular transformation properties. An extension of the definition of a unitary transformation is briefly discussed and is used to find the inner product in the holonomy variables which makes the canonical transformation unitary. This defines the Hilbert space in the Witten-Carlip formulation which is unitarily equivalent to the natural Hilbert space in the Moncrief formulation. In addition, gravitational theta-states arising from ``large'' diffeomorphisms are found in the theory.
|
Arlen Anderson
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210007
|
gr-qc/9210008
|
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] |
Dynamical Origin of the Lorentzian Signature of Spacetime
|
It is suggested that not only the curvature, but also the signature of spacetime is subject to quantum fluctuations. A generalized D-dimensional spacetime metric of the form $g_{\mu \nu}=e^a_\mu \eta_{ab} e^b_\nu$ is introduced, where $\eta_{ab} = diag\{e^{i\theta},1,...,1\}$. The corresponding functional integral for quantized fields then interpolates from a Euclidean path integral in Euclidean space, at $\theta=0$, to a Feynman path integral in Minkowski space, at $\theta=\pi$. Treating the phase $e^{i\theta}$ as just another quantized field, the signature of spacetime is determined dynamically by its expectation value. The complex-valued effective potential $V(\theta)$ for the phase field, induced by massless fields at one-loop, is considered. It is argued that $Re[V(\theta)]$ is minimized and $Im[V(\theta)]$ is stationary, uniquely in D=4 dimensions, at $\theta=\pi$, which suggests a dynamical origin for the Lorentzian signature of spacetime.
|
J. Greensite
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210008
|
gr-qc/9210009
|
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] |
Improved Energy-Momentum Currents in Metric-Affine Spacetime
|
In Minkowski spacetime it is well-known that the canonical energy-momentum current is involved in the construction of the globally conserved currents of energy-momentum and total angular momentum. For the construction of conserved currents corresponding to (approximate) scale and proper conformal symmetries, however, an improved energy-momentum current is needed. By extending the Minkowskian framework to a genuine metric-affine spacetime, we find that the affine Noether identities and the conformal Killing equations enforce this improvement in a rather natural way. So far, no gravitational dynamics is involved in our construction. The resulting dilation and proper conformal currents are conserved provided the trace of the energy-momentum current satisfies a (mild) scaling relation or even vanishes.
|
Ralf Hecht, Friedrich W. Hehl, J. Dermott McCrea, Eckehard W. Mielke and Yuval Ne'eman
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210009
|
gr-qc/9210010
|
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] |
Classical Equations for Quantum Systems
|
The origin of the phenomenological deterministic laws that approximately govern the quasiclassical domain of familiar experience is considered in the context of the quantum mechanics of closed systems such as the universe as a whole. We investigate the requirements for coarse grainings to yield decoherent sets of histories that are quasiclassical, i.e. such that the individual histories obey, with high probability, effective classical equations of motion interrupted continually by small fluctuations and occasionally by large ones. We discuss these requirements generally but study them specifically for coarse grainings of the type that follows a distinguished subset of a complete set of variables while ignoring the rest. More coarse graining is needed to achieve decoherence than would be suggested by naive arguments based on the uncertainty principle. Even coarser graining is required in the distinguished variables for them to have the necessary inertia to approach classical predictability in the presence of the noise consisting of the fluctuations that typical mechanisms of decoherence produce. We describe the derivation of phenomenological equations of motion explicitly for a particular class of models. Probabilities of the correlations in time that define equations of motion are explicitly considered. Fully non-linear cases are studied. Methods are exhibited for finding the form of the phenomenological equations of motion even when these are only distantly related to those of the fundamental action. The demonstration of the connection between quantum-mechanical causality and causalty in classical phenomenological equations of motion is generalized. The connections among decoherence, noise, dissipation, and the amount of coarse graining necessary to achieve classical predictability are investigated quantitatively.
|
Murray Gell-Mann and James B. Hartle
|
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210010
|
gr-qc/9210011
|
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] |
Canonical Quantum Gravity and the Problem of Time
|
This is the write-up of my lectures at the NATO Summer School held in Salamanca in June 1992. The paper deals with the problem of time in quantum gravity. All the major schemes are reviewed. Please note that the paper is in two parts for ease of email transmission; this is part 1. The mailer from gr-qc may further subdivide these two sections.
|
Chris J. Isham
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210011
|
gr-qc/9210012
|
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] |
No Time Machines from Lightlike Sources in 2+1 Gravity
|
We extend the argument that spacetimes generated by two timelike particles in D=3 gravity (or equivalently by parallel-moving cosmic strings in D=4) permit closed timelike curves (CTC) only at the price of Misner identifications that correspond to unphysical boundary conditions at spatial infinity and to a tachyonic center of mass. Here we analyze geometries one or both of whose sources are lightlike. We make manifest both the presence of CTC at spatial infinity if they are present at all, and the tachyonic character of the system: As the total energy surpasses its tachyonic bound, CTC first begin to form at spatial infinity, then spread to the interior as the energy increases further. We then show that, in contrast, CTC are entirely forbidden in topologically massive gravity for geometries generated by lightlike sources.
|
S. Deser and Alan R. Steif
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210012
|
gr-qc/9210013
|
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] |
Quantum Effects in Black Hole Interiors
|
The Weyl curvature inside a black hole formed in a generic collapse grows, classically without bound, near to the inner horizon, due to partial absorption and blueshifting of the radiative tail of the collapse. Using a spherical model, we examine how this growth is modified by quantum effects of conformally coupled massless fields.
|
Warren G. Anderson, Patrick R. Brady, Werner Israel, and Sharon M. Morsink
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210013
|
gr-qc/9210014
|
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] |
A Nonsingular Universe
|
We construct an effective action for gravity in which all homogeneous solutions are nonsingular. In particular, there is neither a big bang nor a big crunch. The action is a higher derivative modification of Einstein's theory constructed in analogy to how the action for point particle motion in special relativity is obtained from Newtonian mechanics.
|
Robert H. Brandenberger
|
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210014
|
gr-qc/9210015
|
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] |
Cosmological Models in Two Spacetime Dimensions
|
Various physical properties of cosmological models in (1+1) dimensions are investigated. We demonstrate how a hot big bang and a hot big crunch can arise in some models. In particular, we examine why particle horizons do not occur in matter and radiation models. We also discuss under what circumstances exponential inflation and matter/radiation decoupling can happen. Finally, without assuming any particular equation of state, we show that physical singularities can occur in both untilted and tilted universe models if certain assumptions are satisfied, similar to the (3+1)-dimensional cases.
|
K.C.K. Chan and R.B. Mann
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210015
|
gr-qc/9210016
|
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] |
Towards a Singularity-Proof Scheme in Numerical Relativity
|
Progress in numerical relativity has been hindered for 30 years because of the difficulties of avoiding spacetime singularities in numerical evolution. We propose a scheme which excises a region inside an apparent horizon containing the singularity. Two major ingredients of the scheme are the use of a horizon-locking coordinate and a finite differencing which respects the causal structure of the spacetime. Encouraging results of the scheme in the spherical collapse case are given.
|
Edward Seidel and Wai-Mo Suen
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210016
|
gr-qc/9210017
|
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] |
Is Quantum Spacetime Foam Unstable?
|
A very simple wormhole geometry is considered as a model of a mode of topological fluctutation in Planck-scale spacetime foam. Quantum dynamics of the hole reduces to quantum mechanics of one variable, throat radius, and admits a WKB analysis. The hole is quantum-mechanically unstable: It has no bound states. Wormhole wave functions must eventually leak to large radii. This suggests that stability considerations along these lines may place strong constraints on the nature and even the existence of spacetime foam.
|
Ian H. Redmount and Wai-Mo Suen
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210017
|
gr-qc/9210018
|
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] |
Self-Consistence of Semi-Classical Gravity
|
Simon argued that the semi-classical theory of gravity, unless with some of its solutions excluded, is unacceptable for reasons of both self-consistency and experiment, and that it has to be replaced by a constrained semi-classical theory. We examined whether the evidence is conclusive.
|
Wai-Mo Suen
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210018
|
gr-qc/9210019
|
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] |
Path integration in relativistic quantum mechanics
|
The simple physics of a free particle reveals important features of the path-integral formulation of relativistic quantum theories. The exact quantum-mechanical propagator is calculated here for a particle described by the simple relativistic action proportional to its proper time. This propagator is nonvanishing outside the light cone, implying that spacelike trajectories must be included in the path integral. The propagator matches the WKB approximation to the corresponding configuration-space path integral far from the light cone; outside the light cone that approximation consists of the contribution from a single spacelike geodesic. This propagator also has the unusual property that its short-time limit does not coincide with the WKB approximation, making the construction of a concrete skeletonized version of the path integral more complicated than in nonrelativistic theory.
|
Ian H. Redmount and Wai-Mo Suen
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210019
|
gr-qc/9210020
|
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] |
SO(4) Invariant States in Quantum Cosmology
|
The phenomenon of linearisation instability is identified in models of quantum cosmology that are perturbations of mini-superspace models. In particular, constraints that are second order in the perturbations must be imposed on wave functions calculated in such models. It is shown explicitly that in the case of a model which is a perturbation of the mini-superspace which has $S^3$ spatial sections these constraints imply that any wave functions calculated in this model must be SO(4) invariant. (This replaces the previous corrupted version.)
|
Fay Dowker
|
gr-qc
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9210020
|
gr-qc/9211001
|
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] |
Chern--Simons Gravity from 3+1 Dimensional Gravity
|
In the context of a Poincar\'e gauge theoretical formulation, pure gravity in 3+1-dimensions is dimensionally reduced to gravity in 2+1-dimensions with or without cosmological constant $\Lambda$. The dimensional reductions are consistent with the gauge symmetries, mapping ISO(3, 1) gauge transformations into ISO(2,1) ones. One of the reductions leads to Chern-Simons-Witten gravity. The solutions of 2+1-gravity with $\Lambda\le 0$ (in particular the black-hole solution recently found by Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli) and those of 1+1-dimensional Liouville gravity, are thus mapped into 3+1-dimensional vacuum solutions.
|
G. Grignani and G. Nardelli
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211001
|
gr-qc/9211002
|
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] |
Einstein Equation with Quantum Corrections Reduced to Second Order
|
We consider the Einstein equation with first order (semiclassical) quantum corrections. Although the quantum corrections contain up to fourth order derivatives of the metric, the solutions which are physically relevant satisfy a reduced equations which contain derivatives no higher than second order. We obtain the reduced equations for a range of stress-energy tensors. These reduced equations are suitable for numerical solution, are expected to contain fewer numerical instabilities than the original fourth order equations, and yield only physically relevant solutions. We give analytic and numerical solutions or reduced equations for particular examples, including Friedmann-Lema\^\i tre universes with cosmological constant, a spherical body of constant density, and more general conformally flat metrics.
|
Leonard Parker and Jonathan Z. Simon
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211002
|
gr-qc/9211003
|
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] |
Hadamard States and Adiabatic Vacua
|
Reversing a slight detrimental effect of the mailer related to TeXability
|
Kay-Thomas Pirk
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211003
|
gr-qc/9211004
|
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] |
Sum-over-histories origin of the composition laws of relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum cosmology
|
The scope of the paper has been broadened to include a more complete discussion of the following topics: The derivation of composition laws in quantum cosmology. The connection between the existence of a composition law in the sum over histories approach to relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum cosmology, and the existence of a canonical formulation.
|
Jonathan Halliwell and Miguel Ortiz
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211004
|
gr-qc/9211005
|
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] |
M\"o\ss{}bauer null redshift experiment II
|
Accurate limits for the violation of the Principle of Equivalence have been found from the comparison of the redshifts of two identical nuclear species in different chemical environments.
|
M. De Francia, G. Goya, R. C. Mercader and H. Vucetich
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211005
|
gr-qc/9211006
|
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] |
Wormhole Cosmology and the Horizon Problem
|
We construct an explicit class of dynamic lorentzian wormholes connecting Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetimes. These wormholes can allow two-way transmission of signals between spatially separated regions of spacetime and could permit such regions to come into thermal contact. The cosmology of a network of early Universe wormholes is discussed.
|
David Hochberg and Thomas W. Kephart
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211006
|
gr-qc/9211007
|
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] |
D=3: Singularities in Gravitational Scattering of Scalar Waves
|
Family of exact spacetimes of D=3 Einstein gravity interacting with massless scalar field is obtained by suitable dimensional reduction of a class of D=4 plane-symmetric Einstein vacua. These D=3 spacetimes describe collisions of line-fronted asymptotically null excitations and are generically singular to the future. The solution for the scalar field can be decomposed into the Fourier-Bessel modes around the background solitons. The criteria of regularity of incoming waves are found. It is shown that the appearance of the scalar curvature singularities need not stem from singularities of incoming waves. Moreover, in distinction to D=4 case, for all solutions with regular incoming waves the final singularities are inevitable.
|
C. Klim\v{c}\'ik and P. Koln\'ik
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211007
|
gr-qc/9211008
|
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] |
Gauge Field Back-reaction on a Black Hole
|
The order $\hbar$ fluctuations of gauge fields in the vicinity of a blackhole can create a repulsive antigravity region extending out beyond the renormalized Schwarzschild horizon. If the strength of this repulsive force increases as higher orders in the back-reaction are included, the formation of a wormhole-like object could occur.
|
David Hochberg and Thomas W. Kephart
|
gr-qc astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211008
|
gr-qc/9211009
|
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] |
Positivity of Entropy in the Semi-Classical Theory of Black Holes and Radiation
|
Quantum stress-energy tensors of fields renormalized on a Schwarzschild background violate the classical energy conditions near the black hole. Nevertheless, the associated equilibrium thermodynamical entropy $\Delta S$ by which such fields augment the usual black hole entropy is found to be positive. More precisely, the derivative of $\Delta S$ with respect to radius, at fixed black hole mass, is found to vanish at the horizon for {\it all} regular renormalized stress-energy quantum tensors. For the cases of conformal scalar fields and U(1) gauge fields, the corresponding second derivative is positive, indicating that $\Delta S$ has a local minimum there. Explicit calculation shows that indeed $\Delta S$ increases monotonically for increasing radius and is positive. (The same conclusions hold for a massless spin 1/2 field, but the accuracy of the stress-energy tensor we employ has not been confirmed, in contrast to the scalar and vector cases). None of these results would hold if the back-reaction of the radiation on the spacetime geometry were ignored; consequently, one must regard $\Delta S$ as arising from both the radiation fields and their effects on the gravitational field. The back-reaction, no matter how "small",
|
David Hochberg, Thomas Kephart and James W. York
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211009
|
gr-qc/9211010
|
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] |
Gauge (In)variance, Mass and Parity in D=3 Revisited
|
We analyze the degree of equivalence between abelian topologically massive, gauge-invariant, vector or tensor parity doublets and their explicitly massive, non-gauge, counterparts. We establish equivalence of field equations by exploiting a generalized Stueckelberg invariance of the gauge systems. Although the respective excitation spectra and induced source-source interactions are essentially identical, there are also differences, most dramatic being those between the Einstein limits of the interactions in the tensor case: the doublets avoid the discontinuity (well-known from D=4) exhibited by Pauli-Fierz theory.
|
S. Deser
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211010
|
gr-qc/9211011
|
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] |
Weak-Field Gravity of Circular Cosmic Strings
|
A weak-field solution of Einstein's equations is constructed. It is generated by a circular cosmic string externally supported against collapse. The solution exhibits a conical singularity, and the corresponding deficit angle is the same as for a straight string of the same linear energy density. This confirms the deficit-angle assumption made in the Frolov-Israel-Unruh derivation of the metric describing a string loop at a moment of time symmetry.
|
Shane J. Hughes, Des J. Mc Manus, and Michel A. Vandyck
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211011
|
gr-qc/9211012
|
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] |
Inflating Lorentzian Wormholes
|
It has been speculated that Lorentzian wormholes of the Morris- Thorne type might be allowed by the laws of physics at submicroscopic, e.g. Planck, scales and that a sufficiently advanced civilization might be able to enlarge them to classical size. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility that inflation might provide a natural mechanism for the enlargement of such wormholes to macroscopic size. A new classical metric is presented for a Lorentzian wormhole which is imbedded in a flat deSitter space. It is shown that the throat and proper length of the wormhole inflate. The resulting properties and stress-energy tensor associated with this metric are discussed.
|
Thomas A. Roman
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211012
|
gr-qc/9211013
|
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] |
Gauge Formulation of the Spinning Black Hole in (2+1)-Dimensional Anti-de Sitter Space
|
We compute the group element of SO(2,2) associated with the spinning black hole found by Ba\~nados, Teitelboim and Zanelli in (2+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time. We show that their metric is built with SO(2,2) gauge invariant quantities and satisfies Einstein's equations with negative cosmological constant everywhere except at $r=0$. Moreover, although the metric is singular on the horizons, the group element is continuous and possesses a kink there.
|
Daniel Cangemi, Martin Leblanc and Robert B. Mann
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211013
|
gr-qc/9211014
|
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] |
Unification of Gravity and Yang-Mills Theory in (2+1)-Dimensions
|
A gauge and diffeomorphism invariant theory in (2+1)-dimensions is presented in both first and second order Lagrangian form as well as in a Hamiltonian form. For gauge group $SO(1,2)$, the theory is shown to describe ordinary Einstein gravity with a cosmological constant. With gauge group $G^{tot}=SO(1,2)\otimes G^{YM}$, it is shown that the equations of motion for the $G^{YM}$ fields are the Yang-Mills equations. It is also shown that for weak $G^{YM}$ Yang-Mills fields, this theory agrees with the conventional Einstein-Yang-Mills theory to lowest order in Yang-Mills fields. Explicit static and rotation symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell theory are studied both for the conventional coupling and for this unified theory. In the electric solution to the unified theory, point charges are not allowed, the charges must have spatial extensions.
|
Peter Peldan
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211014
|
gr-qc/9211015
|
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] |
Discrete Symmetry, Non-Commutative Geometry and Gravity
|
We describe the geomety of a set of scalar fields coupled to gravity. We consider the formalism of a differential Z_2-graded algebra of $2\times 2$ matrices whose elements are differential forms on space-time. The connection and the vierbeins are extended to incorporate additional scalar and vector fields. The resulting action describes two universes coupled in a non-minimal way to a set of scalar fields. This picture is slightly different from the description of general relativity in the framework of non-commutative geomety.
|
N. Mohammedi
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211015
|
gr-qc/9211016
|
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] |
Vacuum Polarisation and the Black Hole Singularity
|
In order to investigate the effects of vacuum polarisation on mass inflation singularities, we study a simple toy model of a charged black hole with cross flowing radial null dust which is homogeneous in the black hole interior. In the region $r^2 \ll e^2$ we find an approximate analytic solution to the classical field equations. The renormalized stress-energy tensor is evaluated on this background and we find the vacuum polarisation backreaction corrections to the mass function $m(r)$. Asymptotic analysis of the semiclassical mass function shows that the mass inflation singularity is much stronger in the presence of vacuum polarisation than in the classical case.
|
W. G. Anderson, P. R. Brady, and R. Camporesi
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211016
|
gr-qc/9211017
|
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] |
The Relation between Physical and Gravitational Geometry
|
The appearance of two geometries in one and the same gravitational theory is familiar. Usually, as in the Brans-Dicke theory or in string theory, these are conformally related Riemannian geometries. Is this the most general relation between the two geometries allowed by physics ? We study this question by supposing that the physical geometry on which matter dynamics take place could be Finslerian rather than just Riemannian. An appeal to the weak equivalence principle and causality then leads us the conclusion that the Finsler geometry has to reduce to a Riemann geometry whose metric - the physical metric - is related to the gravitational metric by a generalization of the conformal transformation.
|
Jacob D. Bekenstein (University of California at Santa Barbara and Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
|
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211017
|
gr-qc/9211018
|
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] |
Generalized Fierz Identities and the Superselection Rule for Geometric Multispinors
|
The inverse problem, to reconstruct the general multivector wave function from the observable quadratic densities, is solved for 3D geometric algebra. It is found that operators which are applied to the right side of the wave function must be considered, and the standard Fierz identities do not necessarily hold except in restricted situations, corresponding to the spin-isospin superselection rule. The Greider idempotent and Hestenes quaterionic spinors are included as extreme cases of a single superselection parameter.
|
William M. Pezzaglia Jr. (Physics, Santa Clara University)
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211018
|
gr-qc/9211019
|
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] |
What can we learn from the study of non-perturbative quantum general relativity?
|
I attempt to answer the question of the title by giving an annotated list of the major results achieved, over the last six years, in the program to construct quantum general relativity using the Ashtekar variables and the loop representation. A summary of the key open problems is also included. Also included are expositions of several new results including the construction of spatially diffeomorphism invariant observables constructed by coupling general relativity to matter fields.
|
Lee Smolin
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211019
|
gr-qc/9211020
|
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] |
Superluminary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Initial Value Problem in Cosmology
|
The spontaneous breaking of local Lorentz invariance in the early Universe, associated with a first order phase transition at a critical time $t_c$, generates a large increase in the speed of light and a superluminary communication of information occurs, allowing all regions in the Universe to be causally connected. This solves the horizon problem, leads to a mechanism of monopole suppression in cosmology and can resolve the flatness problem. After the critical time $t_c$, local Lorentz (and diffeomorphism) invariance is restored and light travels at its presently measured speed. The kinematical and dynamical aspects of the generation of quantum fluctuations in the superluminary Universe are investigated. A scale invariant prediction for the fluctuation density amplitude is obtained.
|
J. W. Moffat
|
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211020
|
gr-qc/9211021
|
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] |
Dilaton Contributions to the Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background
|
We consider the cosmological amplification of a metric perturbation propagating in a higher-dimensional Brans-Dicke background, including a non trivial dilaton evolution. We discuss the properties of the spectral energy density of the produced gravitons (as well as of the associated squeezing parameter), and we show that the present observational bounds on the graviton spectrum provide significant information on the dynamical evolution of the early universe.
|
M.Gasperini and M.Giovannini
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211021
|
gr-qc/9211022
|
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] |
Quantum Gravity by the Complex Canonical Formulation
|
The basic features of the complex canonical formulation of general relativity and the recent developments in the quantum gravity program based on it are reviewed. The exposition is intended to be complementary to the review articles available already and some original arguments are included. In particular the conventional treatment of the Hamiltonian constraint and quantum states in the canonical approach to quantum gravity is criticized and a new formulation is proposed.
|
Hideo Kodama
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211022
|
gr-qc/9211023
|
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] |
Gravitational Waves in the Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory
|
We prove that the flux of gravitational radiation from an isolated source in the Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory is identical to that found in Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
|
N. J. Cornish, J. W. Moffat and D. C. Tatarski
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211023
|
gr-qc/9211024
|
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] |
Tunneling in Anisotropic Cosmological Models
|
Tunneling rate is investigated in homogenous and anisotropic cosmologies. The calculations is done by two methods: Euclidean and Hamiltonian approaches. It is found that the probability decreases exponentialy as anisotropy is increased.
|
R. Mansouri and M.Mohazzab (BROWN)
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211024
|
gr-qc/9211025
|
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] |
Spin effects in the inspiral of coalescing compact binaries
|
We derive the contributions of spin-orbit and spin-spin coupling to the gravitational radiation from coalescing binary systems of spinning compact objects. We calculate spin effects in the symmetric, trace-free radiative multipoles that determine the gravitational waveform, and the rate of energy loss. Assuming a balance between energy radiated and orbital energy lost, we determine the spin effects in the evolution of the orbital frequency and orbital radius. Assuming that a laser interferometric gravitational observatory can track the gravitational-wave frequency (twice the orbital frequency) as it sweeps through its sensitive bandwidth between about 10 Hz and one kHz, we estimate the accuracy with which the spins of the component bodies can be determined from the gravitational-wave signal.
|
Lawrence E. Kidder and Clifford M. Will (Washington University, St. Louis) and Alan G. Wiseman (Northwestern University, E...
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211025
|
gr-qc/9211026
|
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] |
Cauchy horizon singularity without mass inflation
|
A perturbed Reissner-Nordstr\"om-de Sitter solution is used to emphasize the nature of the singularity along the Cauchy horizon of a charged spherically symmetric black hole. For these solutions, conditions may prevail under which the mass function is bounded and yet the curvature scalar $R_{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta} R^{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta}$ diverges.
|
P.R. Brady, D. Nunez and S. Sinha
|
gr-qc astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211026
|
gr-qc/9211027
|
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] |
Chaotic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Cosmology
|
We show that the dynamics of a spatially closed Friedmann - Robertson - Walker Universe conformally coupled to a real, free, massive scalar field, is chaotic, for large enough field amplitudes. We do so by proving that this system is integrable under the adiabatic approximation, but that the corresponding KAM tori break up when non adiabatic terms are considered. This finding is confirmed by numerical evaluation of the Lyapunov exponents associated with the system, among other criteria. Chaos sets strong limitations to our ability to predict the value of the field at the Big Crunch, from its given value at the Big Bang. (Figures available on request)
|
E. Calzetta and C. El Hasi
|
gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211027
|
gr-qc/9211028
|
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] |
Thawing the Frozen Formalism: The Difference Between Observables and What We Observe
|
In a parametrized and constrained Hamiltonian system, an observable is an operator which commutes with all (first-class) constraints, including the super-Hamiltonian. The problem of the frozen formalism is to explain how dynamics is possible when all observables are constants of the motion. An explicit model of a measurement-interaction in a parametrized Hamiltonian system is used to elucidate the relationship between three definitions of observables---as something one observes, as self-adjoint operators, and as operators which commute with all of the constraints. There is no inconsistency in the frozen formalism when the measurement process is properly understood. The projection operator description of measurement is criticized as an over-idealization which treats measurement as instantaneous and non-destructive. A more careful description of measurement necessarily involves interactions of non-vanishing duration. This is a first step towards a more even-handed treatment of space and time in quantum mechanics. (This paper was written for the festschrift of Dieter Brill.)
|
Arlen Anderson
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9211028
|
gr-qc/9212001
|
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] |
Cosmic Censorship in 2-Dimensional Dilaton Gravity
|
The global structure of 2-dimensional dilaton gravity is studied, attending in particular to black holes and singularities. A gravitational energy is defined and shown to be positive at spatial singularities and negative at temporal singularities. Trapped points are defined, and it is shown that spatial singularities are trapped and temporal singularities are not. Thus a local form of cosmic censorship holds for positive energy. In an analogue of gravitational collapse to a black hole, matter falling into an initially flat space creates a spatial curvature singularity which is cloaked in a spatial or null apparent horizon with non-decreasing energy and area.
|
Sean A. Hayward
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212001
|
gr-qc/9212002
|
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] |
Galilean Theories of Gravitation
|
A generalization of Newtonian gravitation theory is obtained by a suitable limiting procedure from the ADM action of general relativity coupled to a mass-point. Three particular theories are discussed and it is found that two of them are invariant under an extended Galilei gauge group.
|
R. De Pietri, L. Lusanna, M. Pauri
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212002
|
gr-qc/9212003
|
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] |
Exotic Differentiable Structures and General Relativity
|
We review recent developments in differential topology with special concern for their possible significance to physical theories, especially general relativity. In particular we are concerned here with the discovery of the existence of non-standard (``fake'' or ``exotic'') differentiable structures on topologically simple manifolds such as $S^7$, \R and $S^3\times {\bf R^1}.$ Because of the technical difficulties involved in the smooth case, we begin with an easily understood toy example looking at the role which the choice of complex structures plays in the formulation of two-dimensional vacuum electrostatics. We then briefly review the mathematical formalisms involved with differentiable structures on topological manifolds, diffeomorphisms and their significance for physics. We summarize the important work of Milnor, Freedman, Donaldson, and others in developing exotic differentiable structures on well known topological manifolds. Finally, we discuss some of the geometric implications of these results and propose some conjectures on possible physical implications of these new manifolds which have never before been considered as physical models.
|
Carl H. Brans and Duane Randall
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212003
|
gr-qc/9212004
|
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] |
Quantum Vacuum Instability Near Rotating Stars
|
We discuss the Starobinskii-Unruh process for the Kerr black hole. We show how this effect is related to the theory of squeezed states. We then consider a simple model for a highly relativistic rotating star and show that the Starobinskii-Unruh effect is absent.
|
A L Matacz, A C Ottewill and P C W Davies
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212004
|
gr-qc/9212005
|
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] |
Dark Matter and Non-Newtonian Gravity From General Relativity on a Stringy Background
|
An exact solution of Einstein's field equations for a static spherically symmetric medium with a radially boost invariant energy-momentum tensor is presented. In the limit of an equation of state corresponding to a distribution of radially directed strings there is a $1/r$ correction to Newton's force law. At large distances and small accelerations this law coincides with the phenomenological force law invented by Milgrom in order to explain the flat rotation curves of galaxies without introducing dark matter. The present model explaines why the critical acceleration of Milgrom is of the same order of magnitude as the Hubble parameter.
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Harald H. Soleng
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gr-qc
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December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212005
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gr-qc/9212006
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] |
On Cosmological Isotropy, Quantum Cosmology and the Weyl Curvature Hypothesis
|
The increasing entropy, large-scale isotropy and approximate flatness of the universe are considered in the context of signature change, which is a classical model of quantum tunnelling in quantum cosmology. The signature change hypothesis implies an initial inflationary epoch, the magnetic half of the Weyl curvature hypothesis, and a close analogue of the conformal singularity hypothesis. Adding the electric half of the Weyl curvature hypothesis yields, for a perfect fluid, only homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies. In the cosmological-constant case, the unique solution is the Vilenkin tunnelling solution, which gives a de Sitter cosmology.
|
Sean A. Hayward
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212006
|
gr-qc/9212007
|
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] |
Weak-Field Gravity of Revolving Circular Cosmic Strings
|
A weak-field solution of Einstein's equations is constructed. It is generated by a circular cosmic string revolving in its plane about the centre of the circle. (The revolution is introduced to prevent the string from collapsing.) This solution exhibits a conical singularity, and the corresponding deficit angle is the same as for a straight string of the same linear energy density, irrespective of the angular velocity of the string.
|
Des J. Mc Manus and Michel A. Vandyck
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212007
|
gr-qc/9212008
|
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] |
The Coherent State Representation of Quantum Fluctuations in the Early Universe
|
Using the squeezed state formalism the coherent state representation of quantum fluctuations in an expanding universe is derived. It is shown that this provides a useful alternative to the Wigner function as a phase space representation of quantum fluctuations. The quantum to classical transition of fluctuations is naturally implemented by decohering the density matrix in this representation. The entropy of the decohered vacua is derived. It is shown that the decoherence process breaks the physical equivalence between vacua that differ by a coordinate dependent phase generated by a surface term in the Lagrangian. In particular, scale invariant power spectra are only obtained for a special choice of surface term.
|
A.L. Matacz
|
gr-qc astro-ph
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212008
|
gr-qc/9212009
|
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] |
Magnetically Charged Black Holes and their Stability
|
We study magnetically charged black holes in the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in the limit of infinitely strong coupling of the Higgs field. Using mixed analytical and numerical methods we give a complete description of static spherically symmetric black hole solutions, both abelian and nonabelian. In particular, we find a new class of extremal nonabelian solutions. We show that all nonabelian solutions are stable against linear radial perturbations. The implications of our results for the semiclassical evolution of magnetically charged black holes are discussed.
|
Peter C. Aichelburg and Piotr Bizon
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212009
|
gr-qc/9212010
|
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] |
Black Hole Tunneling Entropy and the Spectrum of Gravity
|
The tunneling approach for entropy generation in quantum gravity is applied to black holes. The area entropy is recovered and shown to count only a tiny fraction of the black hole degeneracy. The latter stems from the extension of the wave function outside the barrier. In fact the semi-classical analysis leads to infinite degeneracy. Evaporating black holes leave then infinitely degenerate "planckons" remnants which can neither decay into, nor be formed from, ordinary matter in a finite time. Quantum gravity opens up at the Planck scale into an infinite Hilbert space which is expected to provide the ultraviolet cutoff required to render the theory finite in the sector of large scale physics.
|
A. Casher and F. Englert
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212010
|
gr-qc/9212011
|
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] |
A Nonlinear Model of a Quantum Minisuperspace System with Back Reaction
|
We consider the quantum evolution of the space-independent mode of a $\lambda {\phi}^4$ theory as a minisuperspace in the space of all $\phi$. The motion of the wave packet in the minisuperspace is then compared to the motion of a wave packet in a larger minisuperspace consisting of the original minisuperspace plus one space-dependent mode. By comparing the motion of the two packets we develop criteria that tell us when the quantum evolution in the space-independent minisuperspace gives us useful information about the true evolution in the larger minisuperspace. These criteria serve as a toy model for similar(but much more complex) criteria that will tell us whether or when quantized gravitational minisuperspaces can possibly give any useful information about quantum gravity.
|
Marcos Rosenbaum, Michael P. Ryan and Sukanya Sinha
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212011
|
gr-qc/9212012
|
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] |
Collisions of Einstein-Conformal Scalar Waves
|
A large class of solutions of the Einstein-conformal scalar equations in D=2+1 and D=3+1 is identified. They describe the collisions of asymptotic conformal scalar waves and are generated from Einstein-minimally coupled scalar spacetimes via a (generalized) Bekenstein transformation. Particular emphasis is given to the study of the global properties and the singularity structure of the obtained solutions. It is shown, that in the case of the absence of pure gravitational radiation in the initial data, the formation of the final singularity is not only generic, but is even inevitable.
|
C. Klim\v{c}\'ik and P. Koln\'ik
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212012
|
gr-qc/9212013
|
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] |
Inhomogeneous and anisotropic cosmologies
|
This is a review of cosmological models prepared for the Pont d'Oye workshop on the origin of structure in the universe. The classes of models are discussed in turn, and then some of their uses are considered.
|
M.A.H. MacCallum
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212013
|
gr-qc/9212014
|
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] |
Anisotropic and inhomogeneous cosmologies
|
This review was given at the 65th birthday meeting of D.W. Sciama, The Renaissance of General Relativity and Cosmology, to be published by Cambridge University Press. It presents progress in the understanding of non-standard relativistic cosmologies during Sciama's career, organized by the areas of application rather than the mathematical types of the models.
|
M.A.H. MacCallum
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212014
|
gr-qc/9212015
|
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] |
(1+1)-Dimensional Methods for General Relativity
|
This is an article contributed to the Brill Festschrift, in honor of the 60th birthday of Prof. D.R. Brill, which will appear in the Vol.2 of the Proceedings of the International Symposia on Directions in General Relativity. In this article we present the (1+1)-dimensional method for studying general relativity of 4-dimensions. We first discuss the general formalism, and subsequently draw attention to the algebraically special class of space-times, following the Petrov classification. It is shown that this class of space-times can be described by the (1+1)-dimensional Yang-Mills action interacting with matter fields, with the spacial diffeomorphisms of the 2-surface as the gauge symmetry. The constraint appears polynomial in part, whereas the non-polynomial part is a non-linear sigma model type in (1+1)-dimensions. It is also shown that the representations of $w_{\infty}$-gravity appear naturally as special cases of this description, and we discuss briefly the $w_{\infty}$-geometry in term of the fibre bundle.
|
J.H. Yoon
|
gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212015
|
gr-qc/9212016
|
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] |
String Instabilities in Black Hole Spacetimes
|
We study the emergence of string instabilities in $D$ - dimensional black hole spacetimes (Schwarzschild and Reissner - Nordstr\o m), and De Sitter space (in static coordinates to allow a better comparison with the black hole case). We solve the first order string fluctuations around the center of mass motion at spatial infinity, near the horizon and at the spacetime singularity. We find that the time components are always well behaved in the three regions and in the three backgrounds. The radial components are {\it unstable}: imaginary frequencies develop in the oscillatory modes near the horizon, and the evolution is like $(\tau-\tau_0)^{-P}$, $(P>0)$, near the spacetime singularity, $r\to0$, where the world - sheet time $(\tau-\tau_0)\to0$, and the proper string length grows infinitely. In the Schwarzschild black hole, the angular components are always well - behaved, while in the Reissner - Nordstr\o m case they develop instabilities inside the horizon, near $r\to0$ where the repulsive effects of the charge dominate over those of the mass. In general, whenever large enough repulsive effects in the gravitational background are present, string instabilities develop. In De Sitter space, all the spatial components exhibit instability. The infalling of the string to the black hole singularity is like the motion of a particle in a potential $\gamma(\tau-\tau_0)^{-2}$ where $\gamma$ depends on the $D$ spacetime dimensions and string angular momentum, with $\gamma>0$ for Schwarzschild and $\gamma<0$ for Reissner - Nordstr\o m black holes. For $(\tau-\tau_0)\to0$ the string ends trapped by the black hole singularity.
|
C.O.Lousto and N. S\'anchez
|
gr-qc hep-th
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9212016
|
hep-lat/9201001
|
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] |
Monte Carlo Simulations of Higgs-Fermion Systems
|
To gain understanding of the Higgs-fermion sector of the standard model, we study the one-component $Z_2$ symmetric and the four-component O(4) symmetric scalar models coupled to staggered fermions using the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. We map out the phase diagrams, and show that the $Z_2$ model has a tree level perturbative behaviour at all points in the broken phase. The O(4) model on the other hand is shown to have two characteristically different behaviours; one for large Yukawa couplings where the fermions get infinitely heavy and decouple in the continuum limit, and one for small Yukawa couplings where the fermions remain light. For very small Yukawa couplings the fermions show the expected tree level perturbative behaviour and for larger values the influence of the fermions becomes substantial. After estimating the finite size effects at small Yukawa couplings we make relatively accurate measurements of the scalar mass and wave function renormalization constants at the point $\kappa=0.0$ and $y=0.85-0.95$. Even though this is not the largest value possible for the Yukawa coupling we are able to show that the bound of the Higgs mass will move up significantly, from around $600 GeV$ to around $900 GeV$, by including fermions in the model. Likewise we show that a bound can be put on the fermion mass, around $200 GeV$. The largest value of the bare Yukawa coupling is obtained at rather large negative $\kappa$. Due to bad convergence rates in the inversion of the fermion matrix, which is needed in the updating procedure, this region has not been possible to investigate.
|
Jonas Berlin
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201001
|
hep-lat/9201002
|
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] |
A Study of Symmetry Restoration at Finite Temperature in the O(4) Model Using Anisotropic Lattices
|
Results of investigations of the O(4) spin model at finite temperature using anisotropic lattices are presented. In both the large $N$ approximation and the numerical simulations using the Wolff cluster algorithm we find that the ratio of the symmetry restoration temperature $T_{\rm SR}$ to the Higgs mass $m_{\rm H}$ is independent of the anisotropy. We obtain a lower bound of $0.59 \pm 0.04$ for the ratio, $T_{\rm SR}/m_{\rm H}$, at $m_{\rm H}a \simeq 0.5$, which is lowered further by about 10% at $m_{\rm H}a \simeq 1.$
|
R.V. Gavai, U.M. Heller, F. Karsch, B. Plache, and T. Neuhaus
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201002
|
hep-lat/9201003
|
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] |
Dynamic Critical Behaviour of Wolff's Algorithm for $RP^N$ $\sigma$-Models
|
We study the performance of a Wolff-type embedding algorithm for $RP^N$ $\sigma$-models. We find that the algorithm in which we update the embedded Ising model \`a la Swendsen-Wang has critical slowing-down as $z_\chi \approx 1$. If instead we update the Ising spins with a perfect algorithm which at every iteration produces a new independent configuration, we obtain $z_\chi \approx 0$. This shows that the Ising embedding encodes well the collective modes of the system, and that the behaviour of the first algorithm is connected to the poor performance of the Swendsen-Wang algorithm in dealing with a frustrated Ising model.
|
S. Caracciolo, R.G. Edwards, A. Pelissetto, and A.D. Sokal
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201003
|
hep-lat/9201004
|
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] |
How to Put a Heavier Higgs on the Lattice
|
The cutoff dependence of the Scalar Sector of the Minimal Standard Model can result in an increase of the existing triviality bound estimates of the Higgs mass. We present a large $N$ calculation and some preliminary N=4 results that suggest that the increase can be as large as 30%, resulting to a bound of about 850 G eV.
|
U.M. Heller, M. Klomfass, H. Neuberger, and P. Vranas
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201004
|
hep-lat/9201005
|
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] |
QCD Hadron Spectroscopy with Staggered Dynamical Quarks at $\beta = 5.6$
|
We present preliminary results from the 1991 HEMCGC simulations with staggered dynamical fermions on a $16^3 \times 32$ lattice at $\beta = 5.6$ with sea quark masses $am_q = 0.025$ and 0.01. The spectroscopy was done both for staggered valence quarks with mass equal to the sea quark masses and for Wilson valence quarks at six different values for $\kappa$, 0.1320, 0.1410, 0.1525, 0.1565, 0.1585, and 0.1600. In addition to the measurements performed in our earlier work, we also measured the $\Delta$ and other `extended' hadrons for staggered valence quarks and pseudo-scalar decay constants and vector meson matrix elements, the wave function at the origin, for Wilson valence quarks.
|
K.M. Bitar, R. Edwards, T.A. DeGrand, Steven Gottlieb, U.M. Heller, A.D. Kennedy, J.B. Kogut, A. Krasnitz, W. Liu, M.C. Og...
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201005
|
hep-lat/9201006
|
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] |
Path Integrals and Voronin's Theorem on the Universality of the Riemann Zeta Function
|
We explore a new approach to the path integral for a latticized quantum theory. This talk is based on work with N. Khuri and H. Ren.
|
Khalil M. Bitar
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201006
|
hep-lat/9201007
|
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] |
On the Dynamics of Light Wilson Quarks
|
We describe recent results obtained as part of the High Energy Monte Carlo Grand Challenge (HEMCGC) project concerning the behaviour of lattice QCD with light dynamical Wilson quarks. We show that it is possible to reach regions of parameter space with light pions $m_\pi\ll0.2/a$, but that the equilibration time for such a system is at least of the order of 1,000 unit-length Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) trajectories (about a Gigaflop/sec-year). If the Hybrid Molecular Dynamics (HMD) algorithm is used with the same parameters it gives incorrect results.
|
A.D. Kennedy and R.G. Edwards
|
hep-lat
|
January
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9201007
|
hep-lat/9202001
|
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] |
Monte Carlo Calculation of the Surface Free Energy for the 2d 7-state Potts Model, and an Estimate for 4d SU(3) Gauge Theory
|
Using the recently proposed multicanonical ensemble, we perform Monte Carlo simulation for the 2d 7-state Potts model and calculate its surface free energy density (surface tension) to be $2 f^s = 0.0241 \pm 0.0010$. This is an order of magnitude smaller than other estimates in the recent literature. Relying on existing Monte Carlo data, we also give a preliminary estimate for the surface tension of 4d SU(3) lattice gauge theory with $L_t=2$.
|
Wolfhard Janke, Bernd A. Berg, and Mohammad Katoot
|
hep-lat
|
February
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9202001
|
hep-lat/9202002
|
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] |
Random Walks and the Correlation Length Critical Exponent in Scalar Quantum Field Theory
|
The distance scale for a quantum field theory is the correlation length $\xi$, which diverges with exponent $\nu$ as the bare mass approaches a critical value. If $t=m^{2}-m_{c}^{2}$, then $\xi=m_{P}^{-1} \sim t^{-\nu}$ as $t \to 0$. The two-point function of a scalar field has a random walk representation. The walk takes place in a background of fluctuations (closed walks) of the field itself. We describe the connection between properties of the walk and of the two-point function. Using the known behavior of the two point function, we deduce that the dimension of the walk is $d_{w}=\phi / \nu$ and that there is a singular relation between $t$ and the energy per unit length of the walk $\theta \sim t^{\phi}$ that is due to the singular behavior of the background at $t=0$. ($\phi$ is a computable crossover exponent.)
|
Joe Kiskis, Rajamani Narayanan and Pavlos Vranas
|
hep-lat
|
February
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9202002
|
hep-lat/9202003
|
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] |
Thermodynamics of Lattice QCD with 2 Light Dynamical (Staggered) Quark Flavours on a $16^3\times 8$ Lattice
|
Lattice QCD with 2 light staggered quark flavours is being simulated on a $16^3\times8$ lattice to study the transition from hadronic matter to a quark gluon plasma. We have completed runs at $m_q=0.0125$ and are extending this to $m_q=0.00625$. We also examine the addition of a non-dynamical "strange" quark. Thermodynamic order parameters are being measured across the transition and further into the plasma phase, as are various screening lengths. No evidence for a first order transition is seen, and we estimate the transition temperature to be $TY_c=143(7) MeV$.
|
S. Gottlieb, U.M. Heller, A.D. Kennedy, J.B. Kogut, A. Krasnitz, W. Liu, R.L. Renken, D.K. Sinclair, R.L. Sugar, D. Toussa...
|
hep-lat
|
February
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9202003
|
hep-lat/9202004
|
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] |
Multicanonical Ensemble: A New Approach to Simulate First-order Phase Transitions
|
Relying on the recently proposed multicanonical algorithm, we present a numerical simulation of the first order phase transition in the 2d 10-state Potts model on lattices up to sizes $100\times100$. It is demonstrated that the new algorithm $lacks$ an exponentially fast increase of the tunneling time between metastable states as a function of the linear size $L$ of the system. Instead, the tunneling time diverges approximately proportional to $L^{2.65}$. Thus the computational effort as counted per degree of freedom for generating an independent configuration in the unstable region of the model rises proportional to $V^{2.3}$, where $V$ is the volume of the system. On our largest lattice we gain more than two orders of magnitude as compared to a standard heat bath algorithm. As a first physical application we report a high precision computation of the interfacial tension.
|
B.A. Berg and T. Neuhaus
|
hep-lat
|
February
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9202004
|
hep-lat/9203001
|
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] |
Is there a $\rho$ in the O(4) $\lambda \phi^4_4$ theory?
|
A Monte Carlo simulation of the O(4) $\lambda \phi^4$ theory in the broken phase is performed on a hypercubic lattice in search of an I=1, J=1 resonance. The region of the cutoff theory where the interaction is strong is investigated since it is there that a resonance would be expected to have a better chance to form. In that region the presence of an I=1, J=1 resonance with mass below the cutoff is excluded.
|
Khalil M. Bitar and Pavlos M. Vranas
|
hep-lat hep-ph
|
March
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9203001
|
hep-lat/9203002
|
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] |
Multimagnetical Simulations
|
We modified the recently proposed multicanonical MC algorithm for the case of a magnetic field driven order--order phase transition. We test this {\it multimagnetic} Monte Carlo algorithm for the D=2 Ising model at $\beta=0.5$ and simulate square lattices up to size $100 \times 100$. On these lattices with periodic boundary conditions it is possible to enhance the appearance of order-order interfaces during the simulation by many orders of magnitude as compared to the standard Monte Carlo simulation.
|
U. Hansmann, B.A. Berg and T. Neuhaus
|
hep-lat
|
March
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9203002
|
hep-lat/9204001
|
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] |
A New Approach to Spin Glass Simulations
|
We present a recursive procedure to calculate the parameters of the recently introduced multicanonical ensemble and explore the approach for spin glasses. Temperature dependence of the energy, the entropy and other physical quantities are easily calculable and we report results for the zero temperature limit. Our data provide evidence that the large $L$ increase of the ergodicity time is greatly improved. The multicanonical ensemble seems to open new horizons for simulations of spin glasses and other systems which have to cope with conflicting constraints.
|
Bernd A. Berg and Tarik Celik
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204001
|
hep-lat/9204002
|
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] |
A Numerical Test of KPZ Scaling: Potts Models Coupled to Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity
|
We perform Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff cluster algorithm of the q=2 (Ising), 3, 4 and q=10 Potts models on dynamical phi-cubed graphs of spherical topology with up to 5000 nodes. We find that the measured critical exponents are in reasonable agreement with those from the exact solution of the Ising model and with those calculated from KPZ scaling for q=3,4 where no exact solution is available. Using Binder's cumulant we find that the q=10 Potts model displays a first order phase transition on a dynamical graph, as it does on a fixed lattice. We also examine the internal geometry of the graphs generated in the simulation, finding a linear relationship between ring length probabilities and the central charge of the Potts model
|
C.F. Baillie (Colorado) and D. A. Johnston (Heriot Watt)
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204002
|
hep-lat/9204003
|
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] |
Multiple Potts Models Coupled to Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity
|
We perform Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff cluster algorithm of {\it multiple} $q=2,3,4$ state Potts models on dynamical phi-cubed graphs of spherical topology in order to investigate the $c>1$ region of two-dimensional quantum gravity. Contrary to naive expectation we find no obvious signs of pathological behaviour for $c>1$. We discuss the results in the light of suggestions that have been made for a modified DDK ansatz for $c>1$.
|
C.F. Baillie (Colorado) and D. A. Johnston (Heriot Watt)
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204003
|
hep-lat/9204004
|
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] |
Critical Behavior of Dynamically Triangulated Quantum Gravity in Four Dimensions
|
We performed detailed study of the phase transition region in Four Dimensional Simplicial Quantum Gravity, using the dynamical triangulation approach. The phase transition between the Gravity and Antigravity phases turned out to be asymmetrical, so that we observed the scaling laws only when the Newton constant approached the critical value from perturbative side. The curvature susceptibility diverges with the scaling index $-.6$. The physical (i.e. measured with heavy particle propagation) Hausdorff dimension of the manifolds, which is 2.3 in the Gravity phase and 4.6 in the Antigravity phase, turned out to be 4 at the critical point, within the measurement accuracy. These facts indicate the existence of the continuum limit in Four Dimensional Euclidean Quantum Gravity.
|
M.E. Agishtein, A.A. Migdal
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204004
|
hep-lat/9204005
|
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] |
Microcanonical cluster algorithms
|
I propose a numerical simulation algorithm for statistical systems which combines a microcanonical transfer of energy with global changes in clusters of spins. The advantages of the cluster approach near a critical point augment the speed increases associated with multi-spin coding in the microcanonical approach. The method also provides a limited ability to tune the average cluster size.
|
Michael Creutz
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204005
|
hep-lat/9204006
|
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] |
Point-Split Lattice Operators for B Decays
|
The matrix element which determines the B meson decay constant can be measured on the lattice using an effective field theory for heavy quarks. Various discretizations of the heavy-light bilinears which appear in this and other B decay matrix elements are possible. The heavy-light bilinear currently used for the determination of the B meson decay constant on the lattice suffers a substantial one-loop renormalization. In this paper, we compute the one-loop renormalizations of the discretizations in which the heavy and light fields in the bilinear are separated by one lattice spacing, and discuss their application. Readers of this paper may also be interested in our paper on the application of Symanzik's improvement program to heavy-light currents (paper number 9203221 on hep-ph).
|
Oscar F. Hernandez and Brian R. Hill
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204006
|
hep-lat/9204007
|
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] |
Chiral Perturbation Theory for the Quenched Approximation of QCD
|
[This version is a minor revision of a previously submitted preprint. Only references have been changed.] We describe a technique for constructing the effective chiral theory for quenched QCD. The effective theory which results is a lagrangian one, with a graded symmetry group which mixes Goldstone bosons and fermions, and with a definite (though slightly peculiar) set of Feynman rules. The straightforward application of these rules gives automatic cancellation of diagrams which would arise from virtual quark loops. The techniques are used to calculate chiral logarithms in $f_K/f_\pi$, $m_\pi$, $m_K$, and the ratio of $\langle{\bar s}s\rangle$ to $\langle{\bar u}u\rangle$. The leading finite-volume corrections to these quantities are also computed. Problems for future study are described.
|
Claude Bernard and Maarten Golterman
|
hep-lat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9204007
|
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