_id
stringlengths 17
24
| url
stringlengths 31
66
| title
stringlengths 1
20
| text
stringlengths 100
3.66k
| score
float64 0.5
1
| views
float64 11.9k
37.1k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20231101.en_161911_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
Forced displacement refers to groups that are forced to abandon their native country, such as by enforced population transfer or the threat of ethnic cleansing. Refugees and asylum seekers in this sense are the most marginalized extreme cases of migration, facing multiple hurdles in their journey and efforts to integrate into the new settings. Scholars in this sense have called for cross-sector engagement from businesses, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, and other stakeholders within the receiving communities.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
Patterns of emigration have been shaped by numerous economic, social, and political changes throughout the world in the last few hundred years. For instance, millions of individuals fled poverty, violence, and political turmoil in Europe to settle in the Americas and Oceania during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Likewise, millions left South China in the Chinese diaspora during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
Demographers distinguish factors at the origin that push people out, versus those at the destination that pull them in. Motives to migrate can be either incentives attracting people away, known as pull factors, or circumstances encouraging a person to leave. Diversity of push and pull factors inform management scholarship in their efforts to understand migrant movement.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
Some scholars criticize the "push-pull" approach to understanding international migration. Regarding lists of positive or negative factors about a place, Jose C. Moya writes "one could easily compile similar lists for periods and places where no migration took place."
| 1 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
Unlike immigration, in many countries few if any records have been recorded or maintained in regard to persons leaving a country either on a temporary or permanent basis. Therefore, estimates on emigration must be derived from secondary sources such as immigration records of the receiving country or records from other administrative agencies.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
In Armenia, for example, the migration is calculated by counting people arriving or leaving the country via airplane, train, railway or other means of transportation. Here, the emigration index is high: 1.5% of population leaves the country annually. In fact, it is one of the countries, where emigration has become a part of culture since 20th century. For example, between 1990 and 2005 approximately 700,000-1,300,000 Armenians left the country. The highly rising numbers of emigration are a direct response to socio-political and economic areas of the country. The internal migration (migration in country) is big (28.7%), while international migration is 71.3% of the total migration by people aging 15 and above. It is important to understand the reasons for both types of migration and the availability of the options. For example, in Armenia, everything is localized in the capital city Yerevan, thus, internal migration is from the villages and small cities to the biggest city of the country. The reason for the migration can be work or study. International migration follows the same reasoning of migration: work or study. The main destinations for it are Russia, France and US.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
Some countries restrict the ability of their citizens to emigrate to other countries. After 1668, the Qing Emperor banned Han Chinese migration to Manchuria. In 1681, the emperor ordered construction of the Willow Palisade, a barrier beyond which the Chinese were prohibited from encroaching on Manchu and Mongol lands.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_161911_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration
|
Emigration
|
The Soviet Socialist Republics of the later Soviet Union began such restrictions in 1918, with laws and borders tightening until even illegal emigration was nearly impossible by 1928. To strengthen this, they set up internal passport controls and individual city Propiska ("place of residence") permits, along with internal freedom of movement restrictions often called the 101st kilometre, rules which greatly restricted mobility within even small areas.
| 0.5 | 12,295.166556 |
20231101.en_51409073_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Lalit Parimoo as Paramjeet Singh Sood: Jeeto's husband; Karan and Charan's fraternal uncle; Karan's foster father; Nikki's father
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Geeta Aggarwal Sharma as Kuldeep Kaur Bajwa: Baldev's wife; Karan and Charan's paternal aunt; Charan's foster mother; Baby's mother
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Bhoomika Sharma as Baby Kaur Bajwa: Baldev and Kuldeep's daughter; Charan's foster sister; Jeeto, Avtaar, and Kartar's niece
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Nikkita Chadha as Nikki Sood: Jeeto and Paramjit's daughter; Karan's foster sister; Baldev, Avtaar, and Kartar's niece; Billa's wife
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Sanjay Kapoor in special appearance as Avtaar Singh Bajwa: Jeeto, Kartar and Baldev's brother; Jugni's husband; Karan and Charan's biological father
| 1 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
The Guru Nanak Darbar Gurdwara in Gravesend, Kent features as the temple the families worship. The film is originally scheduled to release on 10 August 2015.
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_20
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
The music of the film has been composed by Amaal Mallik, Gourov Roshin, Rishi Rich and while the lyrics have been penned by Kumaar. Its first song "Mubarakan (Title Track)" was released on 22 June 2017. The second single titled as "Hawa Hawa" which is sung by Mika Singh and Prakriti Kakar was released on 29 June 2017. This was the copy of Pakistani singer singer Hasan jehangir song. The soundtrack was unveiled on 6 July 2017 by T-Series which consists 6 songs.
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Rohit Vats of Hindustan Times rated it 3/5 and felt that the lead actor, Arjun Kapoor, was overshadowed by Anil Kapoor: "It’s just that Anil Kapoor is a pro at it and steals all the limelight from him (Arjun).....You’ll be occasionally laughing, but probably won’t be leaving the theatre with a big smile on your face.
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_51409073_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarakan
|
Mubarakan
|
Meena Lyer of Times of India rated the film 3/5 and concluded: "Anil is the scene-stealer with his half Brit-half Punjabi act lifting the film throughout. Arjun’s double-act allows for some smiles and the girls, Ileana, Athiya and Neha are easy on the eye, though they’re just decorative set-pieces."
| 0.5 | 12,294.608203 |
20231101.en_341161_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
Lil Jon further popularized the word with his 2004 album Crunk Juice, and has been credited with inventing the potent alcoholic cocktail by that name. This use of "crunk" became synonymous with the meaning "crazy drunk". Non-alcoholic drinks, to which alcohol could be added, were manufactured and marketed under the Crunk brand name, with Lil Jon as spokesman.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
The term has continued to evolve, taking on a negative stigma with police, parents and the media. In 2011, the company which manufactured "Crunk" drink brought out an alcoholic version named "Crunk Juice". This drink was allegedly marketed towards 19- to 21-year-olds – those under the US legal drinking age – resulting in Crunk Juice drinking being blamed as a cause of crime or becoming a victim of crime. The mainstream media began publishing stories in which the term "crunk" was used to refer to "crazy and drunk" criminals.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
Musically, crunk borrows heavily from Miami bass, Eurodance and 1980s-era call-and-response hip hop. Heavy use of synthesized instruments and sparse, truncated 808 handclaps are staples of the crunk sound. Looped, stripped-down drum machine claps and bass drum rhythms are usually used. The Roland TR-808 and 909 are among the most popular. The drum machines are usually accompanied by simple, repeated synthesizer melodies in the form of ostinato, to create a hypnotic effect, and heavy bass stabs. The tempo of Lil Jon's "Get Crunk" is 78 BPM.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
The focal point of crunk is more often the beats and music than the lyrics therein. Crunk rappers, such as Lil Jon, however, often shout and scream their lyrics, creating a heavy, aggressive style of hip hop. These lyrics can often be isolated to simple chants ("Where you from?" and "You can't fuck with me" are common examples). While other subgenres of hip hop address sociopolitical or personal concerns, crunk is almost exclusively party music, favoring call and response slogans in lieu of more substantive approaches.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
Crunk music arose from Miami bass music before 1996 in the southern United States, particularly in African American strip clubs of Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis-based hip hop group Three 6 Mafia were "instrumental for the emergence of the crunk style" in the mid-to-late 1990s. Two mixtape DJs from Memphis, DJ Paul and Juicy J, started making their original music, which was distinctive with its "spare, low-BPM rhythms, simplistic chants... and narcotically repetitive, slasher-flick textures". This duo soon became known as Three 6 Mafia. Frequently featuring rappers such as Project Pat, Lord Infamous, Gangsta Boo, and La Chat on their releases, they became instrumental in the formation of crunk music.
| 1 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
In 1997, in Atlanta, Lil Jon, with his group the East Side Boyz, released their first album titled Get Crunk, Who U Wit. These were the first of six albums released by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz. The New York Times denied that Get Crunk, Who Are You With was the first crunk album ever. He was one of the key figures in popularizing crunk during 1998 and 1999, and produced two gold records independently, before signing to TVT Records in 2001. After being named the "King of Crunk", Lil Jon went on to make collaborations with many popular artists such as Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, Ludacris and Britney Spears. Nevertheless, crunk was not exclusively associated with Lil Jon and Three 6 Mafia. In its early stages, such artists as Ying Yang Twins, White Dawg, Bone Crusher, Lil Scrappy, Trillville, YoungBloodZ and Pastor Troy from Atlanta, and David Banner from Mississippi also helped to popularize crunk music.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
In the early to mid-2000s, some crunk music hits like "Get Low", "Goodies", "Yeah!" and "Freek-a-Leek" produced by Lil Jon climbed to the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 charts. Other hits produced by Lil Jon included "Okay", "Cyclone", "Girlfight", "U and Dat" and "Touch". "Yeah!" and "Goodies" were the first tracks to introduce the substyle of crunk music and contemporary R&B, called crunk&B, to the public. Those two tracks (performed by Usher and Ciara, respectively) were mainstream hits of 2004.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
The song "Get Low" (2003), performed by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz with the Ying Yang Twins, is credited as the track which put crunk music into the national spotlight. "Get Low" reached the number two position on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart; overall, it spent more than 21 weeks in the charts. Though rappers not from the Southern US had tended to avoid being associated with Southern hip hop music before, Busta Rhymes and Nelly accepted offers to perform on remixes of "Get Low". Lil Jon's album, titled Kings of Crunk, which contains "Get Low", became double platinum.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_341161_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunk
|
Crunk
|
In 2004, independent label Crunk Incorporated signed a major distribution deal with Reprise/Warner Bros. Records for the crunk group Crime Mob, who released the platinum single "Knuck If You Buck". They followed this with their 2006 hit, "Rock Yo Hips". In March 2004, R&B singer Houston released his crunk&B hit "I Like That", which reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2005, crunk&B reached the Billboard Hot 100 number one position with the song "Run It!", performed by Chris Brown. In 2005 and 2006, crunk and crunk&B conquered the American R&B charts (and other charts specializing in music with rapping) and replaced hip hop and older styles of contemporary R&B. Atlanta R&B group Cherish also gained prominence with their summer 2006 song "Do It to It" where the song debuted at number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of May 20, 2006, later peaking at number 12 for the week of September 2, 2006, and staying on the charts for 21 weeks.
| 0.5 | 12,293.533544 |
20231101.en_194465_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy by considering only the total energy of the vehicle in the initial and final orbits since energy is carried away in the exhaust (see also below). For example, most spacecraft are launched in an orbit with inclination fairly near to the latitude at the launch site, to take advantage of the Earth's rotational surface speed. If it is necessary, for mission-based reasons, to put the spacecraft in an orbit of different inclination, a substantial delta-v is required, though the specific kinetic and potential energies in the final orbit and the initial orbit are equal.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_20
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
When rocket thrust is applied in short bursts the other sources of acceleration may be negligible, and the magnitude of the velocity change of one burst may be simply approximated by the delta-v. The total delta-v to be applied can then simply be found by addition of each of the delta-v'''s needed at the discrete burns, even though between bursts the magnitude and direction of the velocity changes due to gravity, e.g. in an elliptic orbit.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
For examples of calculating delta-v, see Hohmann transfer orbit, gravitational slingshot, and Interplanetary Transport Network. It is also notable that large thrust can reduce gravity drag.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
Delta-v is also required to keep satellites in orbit and is expended in propulsive orbital stationkeeping maneuvers. Since the propellant load on most satellites cannot be replenished, the amount of propellant initially loaded on a satellite may well determine its useful lifetime.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_23
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
From power considerations, it turns out that when applying delta-v in the direction of the velocity the specific orbital energy gained per unit delta-v is equal to the instantaneous speed. This is called the Oberth effect.
| 1 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_24
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
For example, a satellite in an elliptical orbit is boosted more efficiently at high speed (that is, small altitude) than at low speed (that is, high altitude).
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_25
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
Another example is that when a vehicle is making a pass of a planet, burning the propellant at closest approach rather than further out gives significantly higher final speed, and this is even more so when the planet is a large one with a deep gravity field, such as Jupiter.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_26
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
Due to the relative positions of planets changing over time, different delta-vs are required at different launch dates. A diagram that shows the required delta-v plotted against time is sometimes called a porkchop plot''. Such a diagram is useful since it enables calculation of a launch window, since launch should only occur when the mission is within the capabilities of the vehicle to be employed.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_194465_27
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v
|
Delta-v
|
Delta-v needed for various orbital manoeuvers using conventional rockets; red arrows show where optional aerobraking can be performed in that particular direction, black numbers give delta-v in km/s that apply in either direction. Lower-delta-v transfers than shown can often be achieved, but involve rare transfer windows or take significantly longer, see: fuzzy orbital transfers.
| 0.5 | 12,290.370964 |
20231101.en_1554995_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Polyether polyols have numerous uses. As an example, polyurethane foam is a big user of polyether polyols.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Polyester polyols can be used to produce rigid foam. They are available in both aromatic and aliphatic versions. They are also available in mixed aliphatic-aromatic versions often made from recycled raw materials, typically polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Acrylic polyols are generally used in higher performance applications where stability to ultraviolet light is required and also lower VOC coatings. Other uses include direct to metal coatings. As they are used where good UV resistance is required, such as automotive coatings, the isocyanate component also tends to be UV resistant and hence isocyanate oligomers or prepolymers based on Isophorone diisocyanate are generally used.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Polycarbonate polyols are more expensive than other polyols and are thus used in more demanding applications. They have been used to make an isophorone diisocyanate based prepolymer which is then used in glass coatings. They may be used in reactive hotmelt adhesives.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
All polyols may be used to produce polyurethane prepolymers. These then find use in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
| 1 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Low molecular weight polyols are widely used in polymer chemistry where they function as crosslinking agents and chain extenders. Alkyd resins for example, use polyols in their synthesis and are used in paints and in molds for casting. They are the dominant resin or "binder" in most commercial "oil-based" coatings. Approximately 200,000 tons of alkyd resins are produced each year. They are based on linking reactive monomers through ester formation. Polyols used in the production of commercial alkyd resins are glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol. In polyurethane prepolymer production, a low molecular weight polyol-diol such as 1,4-butanediol may be used as a chain extender to further increase molecular weight though it does increase viscosity because more hydrogen bonding is introduced.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Sugar alcohols, a class of low molecular weight polyols, are commonly obtained by hydrogenation of sugars. They have the formula (CHOH)nH2, where n = 4–6.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
Sugar alcohols are added to foods because of their lower caloric content than sugars; however, they are also, in general, less sweet, and are often combined with high-intensity sweeteners. They are also added to chewing gum because they are not broken down by bacteria in the mouth or metabolized to acids, and thus do not contribute to tooth decay. Maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, and isomalt are common sugar alcohols.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_1554995_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol
|
Polyol
|
The term polyol is used for various chemistries of the molecular backbone. Polyols may be reacted with diisocyanates or polyisocyanates to produce polyurethanes. MDI finds considerable use in PU foam production. Polyurethanes are used to make flexible foam for mattresses and seating, rigid foam insulation for refrigerators and freezers, elastomeric shoe soles, fibers (e.g. Spandex), coatings, sealants and adhesives.
| 0.5 | 12,289.445384 |
20231101.en_82972_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
According to Matheson the Goddess Tyche, being one of the Oceanids, is considered to be an ocean goddess of some kind. Citing how Pindar refers to her in his poems, "he implores her to keep watch around Himera, a port" and how she is often depicted holding a ship's rudder.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
The play writer Euripides used Tyche as a literary device and personification. Apollo is said to direct Tyche and even the god's plans can be influenced by the concept of Tyche.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
The poet Pindar alludes to Tyche as a goddess of fate who can control the outcome of athletic contests, according to Giannopoulou.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
In late Roman sets the figures, usually four, represented the Tychai of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, and either Antioch (more usual, as in the Esquiline Treasure of about 380 AD) or Trier, as in the Calendar of 354. The Tychai may be seen wearing a mural crown (a crown like the walls of the city).
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
The Tyche of Rome was represented "in military costume" according to Amin. In Rome and the other parts of the Western Roman Empire she was referred to as Fortuna.
| 1 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_20
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
Amin mentions that the attributes of the Tyche of Constantinople included a cornucopia. Tyche was still a figure in Constantinople was even depicted on coins and well into early Christian Rome. Matheson argues that the Tyche of Constantinople replaced the one of Antioch as the typical representation.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
The Tyche of Alexandria "hold sheaves of corns and rests her foot on the bow of a ship" as described by Amin. This could be related to how other depictions of Tyche, like the one in Sparta, are seen with ships rudders. This is because she can steer events argues Matheson. Also, Pindar describes her power over ships "At thy bidding, swift ships are steered upon the sea.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
Several artefacts feature the Tyche of Antioch with a male swimmer personifying the Orontes River at her feet according to Amin. Her importance to the river is also strengthened by her being considered an Oceanid, according to Giannopoulou.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_82972_23
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche
|
Tyche
|
In the early years of the Parthian Empire, Parthian kings, starting with Mithridates I (165 BC) utilized imagery of the Olympian gods in their coinage, often with the term ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ (friend of the Greeks) as a conciliatory gesture to subject Greek people living in the former Seleucid Empire lands. However, by the time of Vologases I (51 AD), the only Greek imagery used on coins was the goddess Tyche, who continued to be represented on Parthian coins for the next 200 years. In later imagery, Tyche provides the Khvarenah or projection of divine rulership in Zoroastrianism to the worthy king. It is unclear whether this "Parthian Tyche" simultaneously represented a Zoroastrian goddess such as Anahita or Ashi, or possibly another.
| 0.5 | 12,287.802169 |
20231101.en_4137095_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
Fads are objects or behaviors that achieve short-lived popularity but fade away. Fads are often seen as sudden, quick-spreading, and short-lived. Fads include diets, clothing, hairstyles, toys, and more. Some popular fads throughout history are toys such as yo-yos, hula hoops, and fad dances such as the Macarena, floss and the twist.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
Similar to habits or customs but less durable, fads often result from an activity or behavior being perceived as popular or exciting within a peer group, or being deemed "cool" as often promoted by social networks. A fad is said to "catch on" when the number of people adopting it begins to increase to the point of being noteworthy. Fads often fade quickly when the perception of novelty is gone.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
The specific nature of the behavior associated with a fad can be of any type including unusual language usage, distinctive clothing, fad diets or frauds such as pyramid schemes. Apart from general novelty, mass marketing, emotional blackmail, peer pressure, or the desire to "be hip" may drive fads. Popular celebrities can also drive fads, for example the highly popularizing effect of Oprah's Book Club.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
Though some consider the term trend equivalent to fad, a fad is generally considered a quick and short behavior whereas a trend is one that evolves into a long term or even permanent change.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
In economics, the term is used in a similar way. Fads are mean-reverting deviations from intrinsic value caused by social or psychological forces similar to those that cause fashions in political philosophies or consumerisation.
| 1 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
Many contemporary fads share similar patterns of social organization. Several different models serve to examine fads and how they spread.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
One way of looking at the spread of fads is through the top-down model, which argues that fashion is created for the elite, and from the elite, fashion spreads to lower classes. Early adopters might not necessarily be those of a high status, but they have sufficient resources that allow them to experiment with new innovations. When looking at the top-down model, sociologists like to highlight the role of selection. The elite might be the ones that introduce certain fads, but other people must choose to adopt those fads.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
Others may argue that not all fads begin with their adopters. Social life already provides people with ideas that can help create a basis for new and innovative fads. Companies can look at what people are already interested in and create something from that information. The ideas behind fads are not always original; they might stem from what is already popular at the time. Recreation and style faddists may try out variations of a basic pattern or idea already in existence.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_4137095_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad
|
Fad
|
Another way of looking at the spread of fads is through a symbolic interaction view. People learn their behaviors from the people around them. When it comes to collective behavior, the emergence of these shared rules, meanings, and emotions are more dependent on the cues of the situation, rather than physiological arousal. This connection to symbolic interactionism, a theory that explains people’s actions as being directed by shared meanings and assumptions, explains that fads are spread because people attach meaning and emotion to objects, and not because the object has practical use, for instance. People might adopt a fad because of the meanings and assumptions they share with the other people who have adopted that fad. People may join other adopters of the fad because they enjoy being a part of a group and what that symbolizes. Some people may join because they want to feel like an insider. When multiple people adopt the same fad, they may feel like they have made the right choice because other people have made that same choice.
| 0.5 | 12,267.204885 |
20231101.en_1792094_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa is a 2001 Indian film directed by Shyam Benegal and written by Khalid Mohammed. It stars Karisma Kapoor, Rekha, Manoj Bajpayee, Surekha Sikri, Rajit Kapoor, Lillete Dubey, Amrish Puri, Farida Jalal, and Shakti Kapoor. A.R. Rahman has scored the background music and memorable soundtrack for the movie.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa is the concluding chapter in a trilogy that began with Mammo (1994) and continued with Sardari Begum (1996). The film is based on the life of the ill-fated actress Zubeida Begum, who married Hanwant Singh of Jodhpur and was the mother of the film's writer, Khalid Mohamed.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
The film garnered the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi and won Karisma Kapoor a Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics). It is regarded by many critics as Kapoor's best performance (alongside Fiza where she also played the title role). The film was highly acclaimed and is regarded as of one of Benegal's best works blurring the lines of commercial and parallel cinema.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa is the story of Riyaz's (Rajit Kapoor) search to understand his mother, who is not known to him, as he was brought up by his maternal grandmother in the absence of his mother. His mother's name was Zubeidaa (Karisma Kapoor) and she was the only daughter of a filmmaker named Suleman Seth (Amrish Puri). Zubeidaa acts in films secretly, but when her father finds out he forbids her to carry on and quickly arranges her marriage to his friend's son Dr. Mehboob Alam who becomes a Gharjamai. Things seem happy for her when she gives birth to Riyaz. However, a disagreement arises between Suleman and Mehboob's father, and Mehboob divorces Zubeidaa a few days after she gives birth.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
Heartbroken Zubeidaa then meets Maharaja Vijayendra Singh of Fatehpur (Manoj Bajpayee). Vijayendra is already married to Maharani Mandira Devi (Rekha) and is the father of two children. Nevertheless, he falls in love with Zubeidaa and they get married, but there is continuous turmoil in their relationship. Riyaz learns through Zubeidaa's journal that though she loved Vijayendra dearly, she was unable to follow the stifling customs of the palace. She was also uncomfortable because of her brother-in-law Uday Singh's sexual advances towards her, and his demands of her to have an extra-marital affair with him.
| 1 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
Riyaz travels to Fatehpur and asks many people about his mother. However, all except Mandira, whom Zubeidaa called "Mandy Didi", either deny that his mother ever existed, or say that she was a horrible woman who seduced their king and caused his death in a plane crash.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
On reading the journal, Riyaz finds out that Vijayendra had become a politician, and was about to go to Delhi for an important meeting. Zubeidaa felt frustrated that whenever her husband needed help he looked to Mandira for support, and at the last minute, she insisted that only she will accompany him to the meeting. The plane crashes, killing Zubeidaa and Vijayendra. It is indicated that Uday Singh probably had the plane sabotaged to kill Vijayendra and Mandira so that he could get both - Zubeidaa and the kingdom.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
In the end, Riyaz gets the missing tape of his mother's only film, from Mandira. The movie ends with him finally getting to watch the film with his grandmother shedding tears of happiness, watching Zubeidaa dancing happily as the spirited soul that she truly was.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_1792094_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubeidaa
|
Zubeidaa
|
The soundtrack was released in 2000 and contained eight tracks, all composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. Lata Mangeshkar collaborated with the musician again for a couple of tracks. Other singers, Kavita Krishnamurthy and Alka Yagnik walked away with all accolades for their renditions in their respective tracks.
| 0.5 | 12,262.469507 |
20231101.en_59704_33
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
Tarraco Viva. An international cultural festival dedicated to the history of the Roman period, with musical concerts, exhibitions, workshops and conferences.
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_34
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
Tarragona International Fireworks Displays Competition. The competition selects six international pyrotechnic companies every year. Official website1
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_35
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
Santa Tecla Festival, held between 15 and 24 September. It has been celebrated since 1321 and it is considered of national touristic interest by the state.
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_36
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
Tarragona 2018 XVIII Mediterranean Games, an international multi-sport event held from 22 June to 1 July 2018.
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_37
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
Tarragona was also a candidate to be the Spanish representative as European Capital of Culture in 2016.
| 1 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_38
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
The local mayor is elected by the members of the plenary from among its members the day the new municipal corporation is formed after the local election. The officeholder has a mandate for the 4-year duration of the elected body. If the mayor leaves office ahead of time a new voting may take place among the plenary members in order to invest a new mayor (meanwhile, another local councillor, conventionally the first deputy mayor may act as acting mayor). Since 15 June 2019 the mayor is Pau Ricomà. The opening session in which the mayor is invested is traditionally held at the Saló de Plens.
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_39
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
Since the first democratic election after the Francoist dictatorship, Tarragona has had four democratically elected mayors:
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_40
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
The local is the body formed by the elected councillors of the Ajuntament. The plenary meetings (Ple) are held at the Saló de Plens. It is formed by the municipal councillors, elected through closed party list proportional representation and 27 councillors are currently elected on the basis of the population of the municipality. Councillors are grouped in municipal groups on the basis of their political filiation. It has a government commission (Comissió de Govern; also Junta de Govern or Junta de Gobierno) is formed by the mayor, the deputy mayors, and a number of appointed councillors.
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_59704_41
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona
|
Tarragona
|
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
| 0.5 | 12,258.682232 |
20231101.en_64563392_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
In early 2019, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) sought a merger with French automaker Renault and reached a provisional agreement with the company. The behavior of the French government during negotiations led to the abandonment of the deal; The Economist reported that "for FCA, this portended future interference". Nissan also had various concerns about the impact of the proposal on its alliance with Renault. Subsequently, FCA approached Peugeot S.A. (PSA). The merger agreed to in December 2019, was to create the world's fourth-largest carmaker by global vehicle sales with expected annual cost savings of €3.7 billion, or about US$4.22 billion.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
On 21 December 2020, the European Commission approved the merger, while imposing minimal remedies to ensure competition in the sector. The merger was approved on 4 January 2021 by the shareholders of both FCA and PSA. The deal was completed on 16 January 2021. Common shares of the new company began trading on the Milan Stock Exchange and Euronext Paris on 18 January 2021 and on the New York Stock Exchange on 19 January 2021, in each case under the ticker symbol "STLA".
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
PSA merged with and into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. as the surviving company in the merger. On 17 January 2021, the combined company was renamed Stellantis N.V. International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, mandate the identification of the company acting as the acquirer and the company being acquired. Peugeot is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and statements reflect PSA's historical records. Per the filing, the Stellantis board had 11 directors, six from PSA and five from Fiat Chrysler.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
The new company's first CEO, vested with full authority to represent Stellantis, was Carlos Tavares, the former president of the PSA managing board, as well as former CEO of PSA Group, with a five-year term as Stellantis CEO. PSA shareholders paid a pre-merger premium to FCA shareholders. Exor, the Agnelli family company that was the largest shareholder of FCA, held the largest stake in Stellantis with 14.4%. The merger agreements allowed the Peugeot family to increase its current 7.2% stake in Stellantis by up to an additional 1.5% by acquiring shares from France's state lender Bpifrance, from Dongfeng, or on the market.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
The name Stellantis is exclusively used to identify the corporate entity, while group brand names and logos remain unchanged. In 2021, CEO Carlos Tavares issued a challenge for the group's brands to prove themselves within a 10-year window, in exchange for much-needed investment in new models and technology. The group planned to have 29 electrified vehicle models available by the end of 2021. Stellantis planned to develop four EV platforms by the end of the 2020s. Overall, the company announced more than €30bn would be invested by the end of 2021.
| 1 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
A network of charging stations started in November 2021. In the third quarter of 2021, Stellantis sales of new vehicles dropped due to issues related to the supply chain shortage of semiconductor chips used in their vehicles. Stellantis made an agreement with semiconductor manufacturer Foxconn to supply chips for the company and others in the automotive industry. In June 2022, the company paused production at two French plants due to shortages in semiconductors.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
In May 2022, Stellantis pleaded guilty to criminal conduct and paid $300 million to settle a probe into its effort to illegally conceal the amount of pollution created by its diesel-engined vehicles. This settled a years-long probe by the United States Department of Justice into the auto maker's efforts to evade emissions requirements for more than 100,000 older models. On 8 July 2022, Stellantis acquired the carsharing platform Share Now. Stellantis placed Share Now's operational management under Free2move. In November 2022, Stellantis acquired the Budapest-headquartered autonomous vehicle technology company aiMotive.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
On 15 February 2023, Stellantis said it would establish a new software development and engineering hub in Gliwice, Poland.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_64563392_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis
|
Stellantis
|
On 26 October 2023, Stellantis acquired "approximately 20%" of Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer Leapmotor in a transaction worth €1.5 billion. Under the terms of the agreement, Stellantis gained exclusive rights to sell, export, and manufacture Leapmotor products outside of China under the newly established joint venture Leapmotor International.
| 0.5 | 12,258.175719 |
20231101.en_284685_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
The quote 'Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful' epitomized Morris' way of living of Gesamtkunstwerk.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Morris' and Philip Webb's Red House, designed in 1859, is a major example, as well as the Blackwell House in the English Lake District, designed by Baillie Scott. Blackwell House was built in 1898–1900, as a holiday home for Sir Edward Holt, a wealthy Manchester brewer. It is situated near the town of Bowness-on-Windermere with views looking over Windermere and across to the Coniston Fells.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Some architectural writers have used the term Gesamtkunstwerk to signify circumstances where an architect is responsible for the design and/or overseeing of the building's totality: shell, accessories, furnishings, and landscape. It is difficult to make a claim for when the term Gesamtkunstwerk was first used to refer to a building and its contents (although the term itself was not used in this context until the late 20th century); already during the Renaissance, artists such as Michelangelo saw no strict division in their tasks between architecture, interior design, sculpture, painting and even engineering.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Historian Robert L. Delevoy has argued that Art Nouveau represented an essentially decorative trend that thus lent itself to the idea of the architectural Gesamtkunstwerk. Of course, it is equally possible it was born from social theories that arose out of a fear of the rise of industrialism.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Nonetheless, evidence of complete interiors that typify the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk can be seen from some time before the 1890s. An increasing trend among architects in the 18th and 19th centuries was to control every facet of an architectural commission. As well as being responsible for the structure itself, they tried to extend their role to also include designing (or at least vetting) every aspect of the interior work. This included not only the interior architectural features but also the design of furniture, carpets, wallpaper, fabrics, light fixtures, and door-handles. Robert Adam and Augustus Welby Pugin are examples of this trend to create an overall harmonising effect which in some cases might even extend to the choice or design of table silver, china, and glassware.
| 1 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
The form and ideology of Gesamtkunstwerk was regularly engaged with by the Art Nouveau artists and architects of the period. Belgians Victor Horta and Henry Van de Velde, Catalan Antoni Gaudí, French Hector Guimard, Scottish Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Austrian Josef Hoffmann, Russian-German Franz (Fyodor) Schechtel, Finn Eliel Saarinen, and many other architects also acted as furniture and interior designers.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Villa Majorelle (1901–1902) in Nancy, France was created by architect Henri Sauvage, furniture designer Louis Majorelle, ceramist Alexandre Bigot, and stained glass artist Jacques Grüber.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
The Municipal House (1904–1912) in Prague, Czech Republic was designed by Osvald Polívka and Antonín Balšánek and painted by famous Czech painter Alphonse Mucha, and features sculptures of Josef Mařatka and Ladislav Šaloun.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_284685_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk
|
Gesamtkunstwerk
|
The Gresham Palace (1904–1906) in Budapest, Hungary was created by architects Zsigmond Quittner and Jozsef Vago; sculptors Géza Maróti, Miklós Ligeti, and Ede Telcs; stained glass artist Miksa Róth; and metalwork artist Gyula Jungfer.
| 0.5 | 12,255.417499 |
20231101.en_41655_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater
|
Repeater
|
This is used to increase the range of signals in a fiber optic cable. Digital information travels through a fiber optic cable in the form of short pulses of light. The light is made up of particles called photons, which can be absorbed or scattered in the fiber. An optical communications repeater usually consists of a phototransistor which converts the light pulses to an electrical signal, an amplifier to increase the power of the signal, an electronic filter which reshapes the pulses, and a laser which converts the electrical signal to light again and sends it out the other fiber. However, optical amplifiers are being developed for repeaters to amplify the light itself without the need of converting it to an electric signal first.
| 0.5 | 12,227.666544 |
20231101.en_41655_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater
|
Repeater
|
This is used to extend the range of coverage of a radio signal. The history of radio relay repeaters began in 1898 from the publication by Johann Mattausch in Austrian Journal Zeitschrift für Electrotechnik (v. 16,
| 0.5 | 12,227.666544 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.