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Oğullarının sorunlarıyla yakından ilgilendi
Elinde olan tüm imkanlara rağmen çocuklarının tamamen bir dadıyla yetişmesini istemedi. Onlara zaman ayırarak, eğitimleriyle ve gezileriyle yakından ilgilendi. Sonuç olarak Diana, modern bir annenin yapabileceği her şeyi yapmaya çalıştı. Ve tüm alçakgönüllülüğüyle annelere bir simge olmak istemedi. “Beni sembol haline getirmenize gerek yok, ben sadece yardım etmeye çalışan bir anneyim” demişti…<|endoftext|>حذف کننده IPL 2020: مانیش پندی به دلیل 24 مورد تحویل در 21 مورد از کار اخراج شد© BCCI / IPL
مانیش پاندی ، خفاش SunRisers Hyderabad (SRH) پاسخ مناسبی را برای کریستین سلطنتی Challengers Bangalore (RCB) ویرات کوهلی ، که روز جمعه تلاش کرد در طول مسابقات حذف کننده لیگ برتر هند (IPL) 2020 ، کریکت را با شلاق حمل کند ، داشت. مانیش ابتکارات خود را با یادداشتی محتاطانه آغاز کرد ، که ممکن است تحت تأثیر اخراج شریواتس گوسوامی درب بازکن برای یک اردک تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته باشد. SRH بیشتر در حال تعقیب یک هدف ضعیف 132 بود و تمام مدت در جهان کریکت را تهیه می کرد تا قبل از استفاده از بولرها مستقر شود. کوهلی پس از یک شوت دفاعی سعی در خنثی کردن ضربه زن با یک اظهارات زودگذر داشت که بازیکن SRH به شکلی مناسب به آن پاسخ داد. دو توپ بعد ، مانیش پس از تحویل کوتاه محمد سراج ، یک ضربه کراس متقاطع از وسط ویکت بازی داد که توپ برای پاک کردن حصار ادامه داشت.
در اینجا ویدئویی مشاهده می شود که اظهارات کوهلی و همچنین پاسخ سلاح جنگی SRH را نشان می دهد:
– پیراهن شلوار fc (@ pant_fc) 7 نوامبر 2020
RCB در ادامه با از دست دادن 6 Wickets به دنبال یک قرن گذشته توسط کین ویلیامسون ، کشتی گیر نیوزیلندی ، نمک را بر روی زخم های کوهلی از دست داد. ویلیامسون در 50 بار از 44 بار زایمان در یک نوبت شامل دو مرز و همین تعداد شش تایی شکست ناپذیر بود.
کریکت نشین نیوزلند بیشتر از جیسون هولدر همه جانبه West Indies پشتیبانی کرد که در انتهای دیگر بدون شکست باقی ماند.
تبلیغ شده
این اولین بار نیست که کوهلی سعی می کند بازیکنان حریف را عصبانی کند. کاپیتان هند در اوایل مسابقات لیگ غنی از پول نقد سعی کرده بود سوریاکومار یداو را در یک مسابقه مرحله لیگ مقابل هندی های بمبئی (MI) به عنوان مدافع عنوان قهرمانی به ارمغان بیاورد.
سوریاکومار تحت تأثیر این حرکت تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت و تا پایان شکست ناپذیر ماند زیرا حق رای دادن مستقر در بمبئی یک پیروزی برتر را ثبت کرد.
مباحث ذکر شده در این مقاله<|endoftext|>The history of Floris Elementary School dates back to the founding of Fairfax County Public Schools in 1870. At that time, the Floris community went by a different name - Frying Pan. For the first 76 years of its history, the public school system in Fairfax County was segregated by race. School system records indicate that a one-room schoolhouse for white children in the Frying Pan community was in operation that very first school year with Calista Baker as its teacher. A schoolhouse for African-American children was also in operation, but the earliest surviving record of teachers for this school begin in 1886 when Thornton W. Hyson was named its teacher. The current Floris Elementary School building opened on September 6, 1955, but only white children from the surrounding community were admitted. At that time, African-American children from our area attended school at Oak Grove Elementary School near Herndon. All racially segregated public schools in Fairfax County were closed at the end of the 1965-66 school year, marking the beginnings of the ethnically and culturally diverse Floris Elementary school community we know today.<|endoftext|>Whey Protein Kahve ile karıştırılabilir mi?
Whey Protein Kahve ile karıştırılabilir mi?
Peynir altı suyu proteini - peynir üretimi sırasında ineklerin sütünden elde edilen kolayca emilen bir proteindir - protein sentezini teşvik eder ve kas iyileşme süresini azaltır. Sabah, antrenmandan önce ve sonra ya da yatmadan hemen önce alabilirsiniz. Gün boyunca ve akşamları bir protein sallamayı dört gözle beklerken, sabahları ilk işden hoşlanmayabilirsiniz.
Peynir altı suyu proteinlerini ve kahvelerini hepsi bir arada bir sabah teslim almak için karıştırmak isteyen vücut geliştiriciler ve spor fanatiği sıkıntısı olmasa da, herkesin yapabileceği kesin değil.
Peynir altı suyu proteini ve kahvenin karıştırılmasında olası sorunlar
Peynir altı suyu protein tozu ve kahvenin karıştırılmasındaki ana endişe sıcaklıkla ilgilidir.
Cornell Üniversitesi'ndeki araştırmacılar, proteinlerin (ve kendi benzersiz amino asit zincirlerinin) katlandıklarını veya çok yüksek sıcaklıklara girdiklerinde doğal zincirlerinden veya şekillerinden 'denatüre' olduklarını buldukları zaman söylenti değirmeni çalkalanıyor. Bir protein denatüre edilirse, amino asitlerin emilebilirliği ve çözünürlüğü hafifçe azalır.
Buradaki anahtar kelime gerçekten biraz. Cornell Üniversitesi'nden yapılan araştırmalar doğru olsa da, denatürasyon işleminin etkileri proteinin sağlığa faydalarını azaltmayacaktır. Vücudunuz hala onu emecek ve kullanacak. Kasların arasındaki farkı bilemeyeceksin.
Yani yapabilir misin?
Evet! peynir altı suyu protein tozunu kahvenizle karıştırın, mısır gevreğinizin üzerine serpin ve bir sonraki çerez veya muzlu ekmek tarifinize ekleyin. Peynir altı suyu proteininizin sıcak ya da soğuk olması tadını çıkarın, vücudunuz da aynı şekilde faydalanacaktır.
Kahvenize Peyniraltı Suyu Protein Eklemenin Yararları
Egzersiz yapıyorsanız veya kilo vermeye çalışıyorsanız, aromalı kahve makineleri gibi şeyleri diyetinizden kesmiş olabilirsiniz. WHEY gibi peynir altı suyu proteinini, harika bir tat, yüksek proteinli, aromalı ve tatlandırılmış bir ikame edici olarak düşünün. Standart kahve kremasına göre daha az şeker ve laktoz vardır ve tartışmasız daha lezzetli olur.
(Peynir altı suyu proteini izolatı kullanıyorsanız, sabah içeceğiniz laktoz içermez!)
Zevkinize uygun farklı peynir altı suyu protein tozu lezzetleri vardır. Vanilya, çilek ve çikolata.
Kahvaltıda katı bir protein porsiyonunu almak kesinlikle mümkün olsa da, her zaman uygun değildir ve zaman alıcı olabilir. Aceleniz olduğunda, yumurta kaynatmaktan veya ıspanaklı omlet yapmaktan çok bir parça kızarmış ekmek alırsınız. Tabii ki, tost, sabaha başlamak için tam olarak sağlıklı bir yol değildir.
Kahvenize peynir altı suyu proteini tozu ekleyerek, suyu kaynatmak için gereken sürede 20 gramdan fazla protein elde edebilirsiniz. Kas geliştirmek için çalışanlar için, sabaha protein ile başlamak, vücudunuzun geceleri hızlı bir şekilde bitmesine, glikojen depolarının stoklanmasına ve ardından kas parçalanmasının durmasına neden olacaktır. Ancak protein tozunun kahveye karıştırılması sadece sporcular için değildir. Protein - özellikle sabahları - yağ kaybını desteklemeye, enerji seviyesini yükseltmeye ve konsantrasyona yardımcı olabilir.
Ipuçları ve Püf noktaları
Artık peynir altı suyu proteini ile kahveyi karıştırabileceğinizi bildiğinize göre, tam olarak üç adımda nasıl yapılacağını anlatmak için buradayız:
Önce kahvenizi soğumaya bırakın. Bunun proteini denatüre etmeyle ve dokuyla ilgili her şeyle ilgisi yoktur. Protein ve kahveyi çok erken karıştırırsanız, protein tozu hafifçe kıvrılır ve topaklanır olur. İşlemi hızlandırmak için kahvenize bir miktar soğuk su veya süt ekleyin veya sıkıca oturun ve bekleyin.
Bir seferde biraz karıştırın. Özellikle de tam bir protein tozu kepçe kullanıyorsanız, bir seferde bir buçuk içine atın. Bu daha çabuk çözülmesini sağlayacaktır.
Bir dakikaya kadar karıştırarak kalan yığınlardan kurtulun. Kalan kümeler kalırsa, kupanızın veya kupanızın tarafına doğru bastırın.
Soğuk tadını çıkarın
Soğuk ve hatta donmuş kahve içeceklerini denemekten korkmayın.
Bir tencereye veya bireysel porsiyon kahveyi bir saat (veya daha fazla) önceden yapın. Bu işlemi hızlandırmak için kahveyi buzdolabına atmaktan çekinmeyin. Kahvenizi, peynir altı suyu proteinini ve buzu bir karıştırıcıya boşaltın ve buz istediğiniz gibi karıştırılıncaya kadar nabızlayın. Voila Kafeinli ve protein dolu bir sabah veya egzersiz öncesi ikramınız var. Spor salonunda daha uzun süre daha fazla performans göstermenize yardımcı olacak eşsiz bir içecek oluşturmak için farklı protein tozu lezzetleri ile deneme yapın.<|endoftext|>Bu durumda su, pompadan daha yüksek bir kaynaktan başlar. (Önemli.) Bu giriş suyu kaynaktan aşağı doğru hareket ettikçe hızı artar ve atık vanasından dışarı çıkar. Ancak bu hareket eden su, çekvalf A’nın kapanmasına neden olarak suyun çıkışını durdurur. Ancak su kapalı bir vanaya doğru hareket ettiğinden, yeniden yönlendirilir. yukarı diğer çek valf B’yi geçerek hava boşluğunun sıkışmasına neden olur. Hava sıkıştırıldıktan sonra su akışı durur ve B vanası kapanır. Bu valf kapandığında, sıkıştırılmış hava, sıkışan suyu çıkış borusundan yukarı itmek için bir yay gibi hareket eder. Sonra tüm süreç baştan başlar.
Bu oldukça karmaşık; değerlerin düzgün çalışması için ayarlanması zor. Bu yüzden bir ram pompası yapmayacağım, ama denemek istersen, işte gerçekten işe yarayan birini gösteren güzel bir video. (İyi şanlar.)
Bu arada, bu pompanın temel özelliklerini belirtmeme izin verin. İlk olarak, pompa su kaynağından daha düşüktür, ancak çıkış su kaynağından daha yüksektir. Bu size tuhaf gelebilir ama durum bu. İkincisi, su daha yüksek bir seviyeye her pompalandığında, pompadan bir miktar su dışarı atılır – bu atık sudur.
Tamam, TikTok videosuna geri dönelim. Ram pompası olabilir mi? Bu tür bir pompa için üç seviyeye ihtiyacınız olduğunu unutmayın: Çıkış en yüksek seviyede, su kaynağı ortada ve son olarak pompa aşağıda. Bu seviyelerin üçüne de sahip değilseniz, bir ram pompanız yoktur.
O videodan yola çıkarak yukarıda çizdiğim diyagramda, kişi suyun kaynağı gibi görünen bir nehirden su pompalıyor. Yani bu bir şahmerdan pompası olamaz, çünkü su nehirden doğrudan akamaz. Unutmayın, pompa bir daha düşük kaynaktan daha yüksek seviyede Ve bu durumda pompa değil kaynak sistemin en alt seviyesidir.
Aranacak diğer bir şey de atık sudur. Gerçek bir ram pompasında, alt seviyeden fazladan su fışkırması gerekir. Bu olmadan, bir ram pompanız olmaz. Ve videoda görünür atık su yok.
Peki, o zaman nasıl çalışabilir? Kim bilir. Belki de bu sadece bir yanılsamadır. Belki nehre daldırılmış ve boruya bağlı bir elektrikli pompa vardır. Videoyu paylaşan kişiye mesaj atmaya çalıştım ama cevap alamadım.
Daha büyük soru, bir ram pompası serbest enerji yaratır mı? Kesinlikle öyle görünüyor, çünkü suyu daha yüksek bir yere taşıyorsunuz. Bu, onu aşağı doğru hareket ettirmek ve potansiyelini azaltmak yerine yerçekimi potansiyel enerjisini artıracaktır.
Ama gerçekte olan bu değil. Çalışan bir ram pompamız olduğunu düşünelim. Diyelim ki kaynağında 20 kilogram su ile başladım. Bir pompaya 1 metre aşağı inen bir boru var. Ardından suyun bir kısmı (10 kilogram diyelim) 1 metre yüksekliğe pompalanır. üstünde orijinal kaynak, böylece artışlar yerçekimi potansiyel enerjisinde. Bu, pompa seviyesinde atık olarak yalnızca 10 kg suyun atıldığı anlamına gelir; ancak aşağı doğru hareket ettiğinden, azaltmak yerçekimi potansiyelinde. Genel olarak, 1 metre aşağı inen 10 kg ve 1 metre yukarı çıkan 10 kg ile enerjideki net değişim … sıfırdır. Pompa, suyun daha düşük bir noktaya akmasına izin vererek, çıkışta daha yüksek enerjili su için “ödeme” yapar.
Tabii ki, bu örnekte pompa yüzde 100 verimli olacaktır ve bu asla olmaz. Dışarı atılan suda ve su ile boru arasındaki sürtünmede enerji kaybedilir.
Bu da bizi son bir soruna götürüyor: Ram pompasından düşen suyla çalışan, inanılmaz derecede verimli bir jeneratörünüz olsa bile, Hala size bedava enerji vermez. Suyun bir kısmının alt uçtan dışarı atılması gerektiğinden, su kaynağı sonunda kurur. Bu, yukarı kaldırmak için enerji kullanmanız gerektiği anlamına gelir. Daha kaynağınıza eklemek için su. Oh hayır! Şimdi bedava enerji planınızı kaybettiniz.
Sonunda, hem sifon hem de şahmerdan pompaları suyu herhangi bir harici enerji girişi olmaksızın hareket ettirir; Daha başladığınızdan daha fazla enerji. Ancak, istediğiniz yerde su alabilirsiniz. Ve bu bir pompanın amacıdır.
Kaynak : https://www.wired.com/story/water-pump-without-electricity/<|endoftext|>Yıldız hakkında her şey: Michel Bort
Michelle Bort, bilinen bir Hollywood aktrisidirTV dizisi sayesinde Bana Me Aşk, Supernatural ve Freddie. Aktrisin hesabında birçok uzun metrajlı korku filmi var. Bunların en ünlüsü, Dr. Susan Richardson'ın rolünün Michel Bort'a verildiği "Komodo vs. Cobra" dır. Oyuncunun filmografisinde yirmiden fazla film ve dizi var.
biyografi
Oyuncu New York'ta doğdu ve büyüdü. Gençliğinde, Michelle jimnastikçi olmak istiyordu, ancak yaz kampında çeşitli tiyatro yapımlarına katıldıktan sonra, oyuncu olmaya kararlı bir şekilde karar verdi.
2001 yılında, Michelle Manhattan'daki Pace Üniversitesinden mezun oldu ve oyunculuk alanında lisans derecesi aldı.
Sinemada kariyer
Oyunculuk kariyeri Michel Bort, 2002 senesinde “Sen yüz yüze” aksiyon filminde küçük bir rolle başladı. Film yaygın olarak bilinmemekteydi.
Önümüzdeki birkaç yıl içinde oyuncu rol aldıçoğunlukla korku içinde. 2003 yılında, hemen videoda yayınlanan doğaüstü korku filmi "Sinister Warning" de oynadı. Aynı zamanda, aktris James Cox tarafından gerilim filmi "Wonderland" da çalıştı. Onunla birlikte filmde rol aldığı Kerry Fisher ve Keith Bosworth.
2004 yılında, aktriskorku "Sisterhood" da ana rolleri. Filmin yönetmeni düşük bütçeli korku filmleriyle tanınan David DeKoto'ydu (The Caribbean Cadıları, The Well and the Pendulum).
TV
2005 yılında, oyuncu "Komodo vs. Cobra" Jim Wainorski dehşetinde ortaya çıktı. Resim sinemalarda yayınlanmadı, ancak doğrudan videoya gitti.
Michel Bort'un filmografisindeki bir sonraki önemli proje, mistik televizyon dizisi "Super-Nest" oldu. Cameron'u "Ne, ne olursanız olun" bölümünde oynadı.
2007'de Michelle, ana rollerden birini gerçekleştirdi.Televizyon dizileri, açık cinsel sahnelerin varlığından dolayı skandalları olan Beni Sevdiğini Söyle. İlk sezonun bitiminden sonra düşük reytingler nedeniyle seri kapatıldı.
Ertesi yıl, oyuncu Eylül 2009'dan Temmuz 2010'a kadar yayınlanan “The Forgotten” adlı dedektif dizisinde rol aldı ve büyük bir rol aldı.
Televizyon dizisinin sona ermesinden sonra "Forgotten" MichelleBir başka popüler televizyon projesinde rol aldı - "Hawaii 5.0". Onun kahramanı Catherine Rollins düzenli olarak dizinin üçüncü ve dördüncü sezonlarında, ve birinci ve ikinci - episodik olarak görünür.
Michelle'in çalışmaları arasında, aktrisin Rebecca Gordon'ı oynadığı tıbbi televizyon dizisi “Askeri Hastane” de görülmeye değer. Şov dünya çapında bir milyon izleyiciyi izledi.<|endoftext|>” توریل” شفاف سازی کرد
شرکت توکا ریل طی نامه ای ریاست اداره نظارت بر ناشران فرابورسی اعلام کرد، با توجه به اینکه در مهر ماه سال جاری حدود ۹۷ درصد از سهام شرکت آسیا سیر ارس (سهامی خاص) با سرمایه ثبت شده ۸۰۰ میلیارد ری
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embellishments.<|endoftext|>To re-use the work of another, the format is important. It's difficult to make edits to a PDF file, and some older file extensions (e.g. .wps) can be difficult to use on modern computers.
Consider offering your text-based teaching materials in an accessible and editable format like Rich Text File (.rtf) or even a plain text file that can be read by a number of different software programs. An HTML file is a good option too.
Making a video for your class? Consider the format and the available players carefully. The .mp4 extension is often recommended for OER because of the many players that read it and its easy reuse for others.
Read more about File Formats for OER at the OER Handbook here.<|endoftext|>（新加坡16日讯）上网以5000元（约1万5000令吉）标得18岁女学生的初夜，男子却只想当霸王嫖客；女生收不到钱不肯献身，惹来一顿狂揍，吓得一丝不挂逃出酒店客房。
今年35岁的阿都拉曼案发时是一名仓库助手，他昨天承认3项蓄意伤人的罪名后，被判坐牢6个月和4周。
《联合晚报》报导，庭上揭露，被告是去年7月在网购平台“Locanto”上，看到一名自称是18岁的女学生在拍卖她的初夜。
被告当时以5000元标得女生初夜，并约女生在8月20日交易，两人当天下午约5时在阿裕尼地铁站见面后，到了附近的酒店开房。
进入客房后，两人先后去冲凉，女生过后裹着毛巾出来，要求被告先交钱才献身，但被告拒绝付款，拉住女生强吻她，女生挣扎将他推开。
被告恼羞成怒，挥拳打女生头部，把她推倒在床上，出手狂揍。
女生拚命挣扎大声尖叫，过程中身上的毛巾早已经掉落。她赤裸裸坐在床上，被告停止打她后，要女生帮他口交。
女生不肯并大喊求助，被告要她停止喊叫说会离开，当被告转身去取衣物后，女生不顾自己仍一丝不挂，趁机冲出房间求助。
隔壁女房客见她全身发抖泪流满面，赶紧“收留”她，女生待被告离开后才拨电报警。
示意图／互联网
曾打歪女歌星假鼻
花800元（约2400令吉）买21岁女歌星一夜，同样不肯先还钱，还出手打歪对方假鼻子。
除了18岁女生，被告也被指对另外两女出手，其中一人是在酒吧唱歌的女子。
两人在网上协定以800元交易，过后约往交易途中，被告却猴急得在楼梯间强吻摸私处，女子不肯，惹来一顿殴打。
女子后来报警，她称18岁时被人打断鼻子而装上假鼻，如今却遭被告弄毁，只能到曼谷再次修复。
律师辩驳付款方式有纠纷
法官指被告想用暴力得到免费性交，辩方律师却指是“付款方式有纠纷”，不是故意不还钱。
法官下判前指出，被告似乎已形成连续作案的犯罪手法，打算以暴力让她们就范。
但律师辩驳，被告并非不想还钱，只是付款方式谈不拢。
控方驳斥律师睁眼说瞎话，被告几次犯案都没带足钱，根本是要白嫖。<|endoftext|>Apologia Exploring Creation with Astronomy is a Bible based science curriculum for elementary students.
The book begins with a general discussion of astronomy and then covers each planet as well as the sun, the moon, space rocks, stars and galaxies, and space travel. The information is very detailed, yet explained simply enough for anyone to understand. The book has fourteen lessons and each takes about two weeks to complete. You will read information and have your child narrate or write what he or she has learned for the day. Answers to discussion questions are provided in the back of the book.
The book is full of astronomy projects and experiments. You will create a model of a hurricane as an example of what the Great Red Spot on Jupiter may look like, make a model of Mercury, and build a model space station, as well as other exciting, hands-on projects. Most of these are at the end of the lessons. Your child is encouraged to complete various assignments and keep them in a notebook. By the time you complete the book, your child will have an impressive notebook to look back on. It’s a terrific record of what has been learned.
The front of the book provides a list of materials needed for each lesson. Most are things you have around the house and the others are easily obtained. You are also given a password to the apologia website. This password gives you access to even more information. The web site will give you dates of astronomical events so you know what you will see in the night sky where you are. It will also provide links to other web sites with interesting photos and information.
This book is easily used in a multi-age setting. Most of the assignments and activities can be done at any age, though some will require more guidance for younger children. Occasionally, the book will have an assignment for younger children and one for older. Even these assignments are similar and don’t create any additional work for the parent.
With all the reading, notebook assignments, narration, and projects, you will learn an incredible amount about astronomy. Spending an entire school year on the subject allows you and your students to explore the topic thoroughly and become very knowledgeable in this area.
Like all Apologia Science books, this book is written from a creationist point of view. The author repeatedly provides evidence of God as creator throughout the text.
While each lesson takes about two weeks, there are no specific lesson plans in the astronomy book. This does create a little more work for the parent, but also allows for flexibility. You can decide how much information to cover and how many days each week to study science. Your child will be required to do quite a bit of writing. If they are young, they will narrate, and you will write. This is a big change if you or your child are accustomed to fill in the blank and matching type exercises.
I highly recommend this course. If you have been using a more traditional science text, it may take a little while to feel comfortable with the Apologia science curriculum. It is less structured than a typical classroom science course, and yet, my children have learned more and enjoyed science more than the when we used the more traditional curriculum. I used this with my first grade daughter and my fifth grade son at the same time. This truly is a multi-age curriculum.
Copyright Learningthings.com. This content may be freely reproduced in full or in part in any online website as long as you include a link to http://learningthings.com and give full attribution to Learningthings.com as the source.
© 2013, Learningthings.com. Copyright Learningthings.com. This content may be freely reproduced in full or in part in any online website as long as you include a link to http://learningthings.com and give full attribution to Learningthings.com as the source. For permission to reproduce this content in other media formats please contact us.<|endoftext|>به گزارش باشگاه خبرنگاران پویا، مجموعه داستان «خط مرزی»، به قلم سیدحسین موسوی نیا، در انتشارات شهرستان ادب منتشر شد. هفت داستان این مجموعه به جنگ و خانواده های درگیر با آن، چه در دوران دفاع مقدس و چه پس از آن، می پردازند.
«خط مرزی» با قصه «دیدگاه» آغاز می شود که ماجرایی را در جبهه عراق روایت می کند. «روزی روزگاری پدر» قصه زندگی خانواده یکی از جانبازان اعصاب و روان است و «کنسروهای خونی»، «گل یخ»، «دست های سرگردان» و «قنات» به دیگر رخدادهای مربوط به جنگ تحمیلی از جمله فتح خرمشهر و شهدای غواص و خط شکنان عملیات کربلای چهار می پردازند.
در بخشی از داستان «قنات» چنین می خوانیم: «خیابان ها از طرفی که می رسند به بهارستان، بسته ی جمعیت اند. او، پالرزان، روی پل چوبی که می رسد دست به کمر می گیرد و دو طرف را نگاه می کند. با خودش می گوید انگار آدم ها وقتی روی یک بلندی می ایستند اولین فکری که به ذهن شان می رسد پریدن است. روی پل کمی به جلو خم می شود...» همچنین در پشت جلد کتاب آمده است: «امروز غروب می آیند داوطلب ها را ببرند خط. نگفته بودند عمملیات، اما این طور پیچیده است. پتو را کنار می زنم. احساس گنگی دارم، احساس مار وقتی بخواهد پوست بیاندازد...».
بلوغ و انتخاب از بن مایه های اصلی «خط مرزی» است. موسوی نیا شخصیت هایی را آفریده است که در بزنگاه هایی سرنوشت ساز، باید دست به انتخاب بزنند. نویسنده کوشیده است از نگاه کلیشه ای به دفاع مقدس دور بماند و فضاهایی متفاوت را واکاود تا نگاهی نو به این واقعه مهم تاریخ معاصر کشور بیاندازد. او این مجموعه را به «دلاوران و رزمندگان جبهه ی حق که در بزنگاه ها راه فلاح را برگزیدند» تقدیم کرده است.
سیدحسین موسوی نیا، متولد 1365 در شهرری، فارغ التحصیل مهندسی برق است و تحصیلات خود را تا مقطع کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت اجرایی ادامه داده است. او نوشتن را از سال 1383 آغاز کرده است و موفق شده است در جشنواره های مختلف جوایزی را کسب کند. «خط مرزی» نخستین کتاب مستقل اوست اما پیش از این، در کتاب هایی چون «خاطره ظفر» (انتشارات سوره مهر)، «عطر عربی» و «کجا بودی الیاس؟»، داستان هایی را منتشر کرده است. موسوی نیا در حال حاضر مشغول نگارش پژوهشی در حوزه ادبیات دینی است که در قالب کتاب به بازار خواهد آمد.
«خط مرزی» را انتشارات شهرستان ادب، در 128 صفحه و به قیمت 11 هزار تومان منتشر کرده است.
انتهای پیام/
اخبار مرتبط
- بازگشت زندگی به شلمچه
- جنگ یمن اقتصاد عربستان را به زانو درآورد/ریاض در تکاپوی گرفتن وام
- سیاسیون بزرگترین مزاحمین جنگ بودند/ درخواست عجیب نخست وزیر در کوران جنگ/ آمریکا در «کربلای4» انتقام «مک فارلین» را گرفت
- یمنی ها نظامیان سعودی را بمباران کردند
- درخواست آنجلینا جولی برای حل جنگ سوریه
- اهدای ۱۰۰ دست البسه گرم به کودکان مرزنشین در سلماس
- کردهای سوریه مداخله جامعه جهانی را خواستار شدند
- واقعیت جنگ در عفرین
- اقتصاد؛ بازی ای که در پایان آلمان برنده اش می شود
- آنجلینا جولی در کمپ آوارگان زعتری در اردن (+عکس)<|endoftext|>Article of the month
The World History from the time of Creation
by Rev. Dr. John Williams
In order to get a good understanding of the world history from the time of creation, the best book to read is the Bible, from the point of view of World History, and not just as a Christian Religious book.
The world history books which are available in the market do not cover the years 1- 4000 BC, and the interim period between the Old Testament and the New Testament, during which time Jesus Christ lived.
It is interesting to note that one can focus on the Kings and Kingdoms, the Patriarchs of the Bible, who were the leaders of that time, the prophets and their lives etc.
Another way of studying the history of the world during the time period is to focus on the Bible History, Bible Geography, the countries that existed during this period, the wars fought, the kingdoms overthrown, the tribes of people, who were driven out of their countries, who took journeys in the wilderness in large numbers even for as long as 40 years to reach the final destination as in the case of Israelites, the land promised by God namely the Canaan land. Full details of this journey including all the difficulties they had along their way are descriptively given in the Bible.
Further the constant relationship maintained by those who led this journey such as Moses and their constant relationship and communication with God, along the journey are also fully described.
The names of different tribes of people that existed in that time, the conflicts they had, and the relationships they maintained are also mentioned.
Another important point to note is some important buildings and monuments erected by them in various places during this time, even though many of them have been buried under the ground. Quite a few monumental structures are still in good shape and have been preserved well such as the pyramids, the Temple of Solomon, now called as the Temple of Israel. The names of the countries in existence and the topography of the lands still remains the same such as the boundaries of the countries of biblical times, the rivers, mountains, desserts etc. The names of the Kings, and their battles have been recorded in the Bible.
It should also be noted that wherever the term God is used in the Bible, it refers to only one God and that is Jesus Christ. Of course at many places references have been made about man made gods, in gold and silver while the Bible declares that God made men. It should be noted that there are no comments whatsoever in the Bible, specifically commenting about any of the other religions in existence today as false religions or man made religions. However, several references have been made in the current writings and literature about man's desperate search for God, like in the case of Buddha.
(will be continued)<|endoftext|>More than half of Americans drink coffee daily, according to research at Syracuse University. For many, coffee’s jolt is the best part of waking up.
“I couldn’t live without it, I drink it every day,” said a Hartford construction worker who said he drinks at least six cups of coffee before he arrives at work.
Dr. Laura M. Juliano, an assistant professor at American University’s Department of Psychology, has studied coffee and its effect on people.
“It feels good. It’s a stimulant drug, so it makes people feel happy, more talkative, more sociable, more awake and alert,” she said. “It has a rewarding effect on the brain chemicals. It’s no different really from all drugs taken for recreational purpose, such as tobacco or alcohol.”
While typical soft drinks can provide a similar effect, the amount of caffeine they deliver generally is significantly lower. Research has shown that the beneficial effects observed in coffee are not replicated in other drinks.”The caffeine in coffee tends to have a bigger bang for the buck,” Juliano said.Sue Gebo, a registered dietitian in Hartford, Conn., pointed out that coffee tends to serve as the better drink over soft drinks because the typical soda contains more than 100 calories, compared to a cup of black coffee, which has almost no calories.”It’s the stuff people add to coffee — the cream, the extra cream, the sugar — that can add 60 or more calories in a large coffee,” Gebo said. “Then, the flavored syrups add significantly more calories.”Gebo also explained that coffee can camouflage normal hunger signals, but that wears off through the day.”People are more likely to get out-of-control hungry when the caffeine wears off. When people are trying to lose weight, they might get into trouble,” Gebo said.As with anything we consume, however, side effects can accompany the benefits of caffeine in coffee. Read full article.<|endoftext|>工控网讯： 法国施耐德电气与德国Micropelt共同开发出了利用能量采集技术的温度监测传感器节点“TE-qNODE”。
新产品将Micropelt开发的热电转换元件用作电源，可无线传输测量到的温度数据。
此次开发的无线传感器节点用于输送大电流的主干系统“母线管道”中使用的“母线（Bus Bar）”的保养和检查（图）。新产品的开发目的是检测母线劣化情况以及接合部的松弛情况等，以便在发生致命故障之前发现问题。施耐德公司表示，“如果因故障而导致工厂停工，那么在故障修复之前每天会损失几百万欧元”。
在负荷加重，导致最终发生致命故障之前，母线接合部的松弛和腐蚀会表现为电阻发热上升。通过无线方式收集母线的温度变化数据，可以掌握母线管道的状况，从而降低故障风险。
安装在母线上时，如果母线的表面温度比周围温度高5℃以上，可以通过内置热电转换元件产生的电力，每秒钟测量一次母线温度，然后将数据发送出去。热电转换元件在1℃的温差下，会产生140mV的电动电压。无线通信采用由Micropelt自主设计的协议产品。
另外，此次的开发品已经在2011年4月4日～8日于德国汉诺威举行的全球最大规模的产业设备展会“Hannover Messe 2011”上展出。
[推荐]施耐德电气联手Micropelt研发温度监测传感器节点“TE-qNODE”亮相德国汉诺威展
信息来源：gkong.biz 时间：2011-04-25 浏览次数：152
工控网讯： 法国施耐德电气与德国Micropelt共同开发出了利用能量采集技术的温度监测传感器节点“TE-qNODE”。<|endoftext|>Skull Teacher Resources
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Students identify producers and consumers, including scavengers and decomposers, and discuss role each plays in food web. They then make diagram of possible food chain that might include skull pictured on Montana's quarter, and participate in scavenger hunt.
Tenth graders observe collections of specimens and discuss their answers to provided questions. They explore common ancestry, homology, analogy, adaptive radiation, and evolution, while formulating creative answers based on their observations.
Students focus on the pelts of fur-bearing animals native to Iowa to discover their different adaptations. In this animal adaptation lesson, students work in groups and examine
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kolay ağladıklarını, bu yüzden de erkeklerin eşlerini incitmemeleri gerektiğini söyler (Bava Mezia 59a). Talmud'un yazıldığı zamana göre erkekler daha duygusal oldular herhalde; çünkü eşlerinin acımasız sözleri karşısında gözlerine yaş gelen erkeklerin sayısı o günlere göre bir hayli artmış durumda.
Dünyamızda sürekli olarak daha çok merhamete ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Hayatını sizinle paylaşmayı seçmiş bir eşten daha çok kim buna layıktır ki? ***<|endoftext|>The following is a forward by me followed by an opinion piece written by a client. I wanted to provide you with an overview and supporting research.
There is plenty of scientific evidence out there that chronic inflammation plays a role in one’s mental health. In 2015 a ground-breaking study found that chronic activation of the microglial cells in the brain (immune cells) cause depressed moods. This turned the mental health community on in its head because it was evidence that manic depression was not caused by a drop-in dopamine and serotonin but was instead a chronic underlying inflammatory state. Inflammation is causing the rise and fall in moods in a short period of time.
What is inflammation exactly? Inflammation is a defense mechanism in the body. The immune system recognizes damaged cells, irritants, and pathogens, and it begins the healing process.
Inflammation is part of the body’s immune response. The signs and symptoms of inflammation can be painful but are a sign that the body is trying to heal. Inflammation has been found to correlate with just about every health condition that exists.
There are several types of inflammation the two most comment being acute and chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation begins within seconds to minutes following an injury to your tissues. The damage may be physical, or it may involve the activation of an immune response. Acute inflammation usually lasts a short period of time, for example, if you twist your ankle you may experience pain, redness, swelling, joint stiffness and loss of function. However, after some rest and ice, it returns to normal. Chronic inflammation is a completely different issue. Chronic inflammation occurs when your immune system gets permanently turned “on.” As a result, it constantly releases a tsunami of damaging chemicals that can affect your entire body. It’s like a fire that never goes out and is always burning deep inside. Chronic inflammation includes the following: metabolic inflammation, allergic inflammation, and Autoimmune inflammation.
I know that diet, lifestyle, and genetics play a huge role in your inflammatory state. Not only does your diet play a huge role but each of us has genetic on and off switches that predispose us to inflammation and if those switches are broken we may be more inclined to suffer from chronic aggressive inflammation.
As a mother and practitioner, I have seen the effects of chronic inflammation on my own child. I have seen what that chronic fire does to the brain and how the body reacts.
The science is out there…. the research is being done… so why aren’t more people applying it? I see clients with chronic inflammation every day in my office, I see the breakdown, I see the pain, I see the frustration.
You can read more about the research:
The following is an opinion piece written by Kelly McCuan
Let me start out by saying that I am not a medical doctor, have no medical training, and that this is all my personal opinion based on my own experiences and lots of research.
For most of my life, I went along in life in a manner that I would call “ok”. I ate Frosted Flakes for breakfast sometimes, which later became Fiber One. I had sandwiches for lunch and because I live in the Southwest, I ate a lot of chips and salsa and tortilla dishes for dinner. Pizza was my favorite food and I was a bread addict. Despite my poor diet, I had only minor health problems and the only “bad” illness I have ever had was the Swine Flu in 2009.
Later, in my 20’s and 30’s I suffered from headaches and depression, again not equating it with my diet. I took St. John’s Wort for minimal relief of the depression and I suffered through the constant headaches. My allergies were absolutely horrible and I took a lot of antihistamines which made me drowsy.
For years, I never equated what I was eating with how I felt or anything happening to my body. When I was a teenager no one ever mentioned that my horrible acne could be caused by my poor diet. The doctor just gave me an antibiotic pill that I took for several years and didn’t help much. No one ever mentioned that my headaches could be caused by what I was eating.
It wasn’t until a few months after I hit menopause at age 52 that I felt like my world came crashing down. I started having constant fatigue that got so bad that at one point I couldn’t even lift my leg to step onto an escalator. I developed irritable bowel syndrome with all day bouts of imminent diarrhea. I had to stay near a bathroom at all times. Traveling became a nightmare. I developed what I call “internal shaking” and couldn’t sleep at night. My skin was covered with bumps and lumps. I had awful acid reflux and despite the fact that most foods didn’t agree with me, I was gaining weight rapidly. My brain fog was so bad that I couldn’t hardly perform the technical aspects of my job any longer.
Doctor visits were useless. I had two CT scans, an MRI, stool tests, multiple blood tests, thyroid tests, glucose tolerance tests, a colonoscopy and a myriad of other tests. My physician prescribed a drug for my IBS that didn’t help at all, then another drug to counteract the effects of that one. My thyroid level was “borderline” problematic so I was prescribed Synthyroid and later a drug to counteract the anxiety caused by it. I was on blood pressure medication and kidney medication. My blood pressure kept climbing.
I thought that I was “done for”, a goner, on my way out of the world. My decline was escalating and nothing seemed to help. I got my will in order and started giving things away. I was severely depressed and unable to enjoy any of my former activities.
I asked my doctor what was causing my IBS. “No way to know” he said , “could be stress”. I was taking pills that didn’t help and more pills for the side effects of the original pills. It was at that point that I decided I had had enough and took matters into my own hands.
I decided to seek out a functional nutrition practitioner. Piper was new in the realm of functional nutrition at that time but suggested that I cut out gluten. I did so and saw some improvement within 3 months. I had more energy and was less depressed and full of hope for the first time in a long time. My IBS gradually subsided and my brain fog was disappearing.
After a few years, gluten-free became grain free. I had genetic testing and found that I had some “broken” genes that kept my immune system from “turning off” once it got turned on. My understanding is that the human body responds to any type of harm through rushing white blood cells to the area of concern which causes inflammation to attack the culprit (think of a wound on your body and how inflamed it gets. ) Once the wound is healed the body turns off the inflammation. In my case, my broken genes cause the inflammation to never turn off. My body stays in a constant inflammatory state.
Piper suggested various supplements to help my body with what it is missing. One example, I have the MTHFR gene defect and take methylfolate as my body can’t properly use the common synthetic version known as folic acid. I take a variety of other supplements to aid in reducing inflammation and to give my body what it needs. I also follow a grain free diet, dairy-free, sugar-free diet as both grains and dairy have been shown to cause inflammation. Because my body doesn’t detox well, I eat organic food that isn’t sprayed with pesticides that my body builds up. Am I perfect? No, but I try to keep ‘cheats’ to a minimum.
I discovered through the process of elimination that one of my main triggers for inflammation is corn. It’s so hard to live in the Southwest and love Mexican food and be unable to eat the corn chips and the corn tortillas, but I’ve found that the grain free chips are a great substitute and the grain free tortillas taste just as good smothered in enchilada sauce as the corn do. It’s challenging to go out to eat at a restaurant and avoid all the inflammatory triggers like sugar and grains, but it’s so worth it too when I feel amazing.
I am happy to report that I just turned 60 years old and I feel better than I have ever felt. I take no prescription medications other than one low dose cream which helps reduce inflammation. My blood pressure and thyroid tests are normal and I have so much energy that I now have 3 jobs and no problems handling them. I am free of depression and free of headaches and life is fun again.
So what does all of this have to do with increased suicides? I am convinced that if I had stayed on the declining path that I was on that I would have ended up committing suicide. I was so severely depressed and felt so terrible that I saw no reason to continue. My medications just caused side effects that compounded how badly I already felt. I was hopeless and tired of seeing doctor after doctor while my symptoms continued to escalate.
I think that my body was able to somewhat compensate for my faulty genes when I was younger, but once I got to my 50’s and my immune system started to decline, my poor body was no longer able to keep up. Since I couldn’t detox well the pesticides and other environmental toxins were building up in my body. The constant inflammation in my brain was making me depressed and making my poor bowels unable to function.
I don’t think that the majority of people believe or accept the concept that food is medicine. Just like fuel in a car, our bodies put out when we put in. I wonder if Kate Spade, or Anthony Bourdain or Robin Williams had tried a diet change if their brain inflammation would have subsided and thus their depression, just as mine did when I quit putting in poor food and started giving my body the supplements it needs to run!
I am not trying to say that mental illness doesn’t exist as I know it does, but is it possible that people would be better able to cope if their brains weren’t inflamed? Scientific research has already proven that grains and sugar are highly inflammatory, and on top of that many people deal with faulty genes that cause their bodies to not be able to readily get rid of the inflammation. 90% of our soy, corn, sugar beans and wheat is sprayed with pesticides that are killing our bees? What do you think that pesticide is doing to human bodies and are your genes able to help you detox to get rid of it or are they broken like mine?
In an age where our science has advanced to the point where we can know what our gene defects are and where we might need help, why are we not all availing ourselves of genetic testing to determine how to help our bodies be the best that they can be? In an age where our research capabilities have advanced to the stage where we can look at advanced scientific data on the internet, why are we not
looking at the data to help determine why our bodies aren’t functioning properly? Why is the first word out of the mouths of doctors not “What are you eating?” instead of “Here, have this pill”?
I truly believe that suicide rates are increasing because the American diet is full of chemicals and corn syrup. We are inundated with constant ads trying to get us to eat sugar (the most inflammatory substance of all } – cokes, candy bars, ice cream and cake, and on and on. You can’t even get a salad dressing these days that isn’t loaded with sugar, or a spaghetti sauce, or even ginger for your sushi. Even the salads themselves have candied nuts, sugared dried cranberries, sweetened beets.
Would our suicide rates start going back down if people ate better food that wasn’t sprayed with chemicals and full of sugar, and if we were all genetically tested and prescribed supplements to help us with our genetic deficiencies? If brain inflammation subsided would we be happier and healthier? Would less Alzheimer’s disease exist?
My brother started his own steady decline at age 55 and without knowing about my situation, he told me that he was ‘getting his affairs in order” because he, too, felt so terrible. After changing his diet and through supplements, he started getting the amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that his body was missing, and he too is on the road to recovery. One more soul saved by science and nutrition
As for me, I was finally able to make the connection between what I was putting in my mouth and how I felt. I stick to the right foods and take my supplements. I only wish that more information like this was available to those so severely depressed that they have to take their own lives. Perhaps if someone had provided them with this insight they could have at least tried these changes in their lives to see if it helped. Hopefully, America will wake up soon and use science and nutrition to change lives instead of pills and more pills.
This is an opinion piece based on the experiences of Kelly McCuan<|endoftext|>Kanser ve diğer hastalıkların tedavisi için miRNA susturma terapilerinin arkasındaki ana fikir, bu tür hastalıkların sıklıkla istenmeyen veya mutasyona uğramış genlerin ekspresyonundan veya normal genlerin aşırı ekspresyonundan kaynaklandığı kavramına dayanmaktadır. Bu nedenle miRNA susturma terapileri, hedeflenen miRNA’ların sonuçta kanser ilerlemesini azaltmak için düzgün çalışmasını engelleyebilmektedir. Tıp uygulayıcıları, çeşitli avantajları için kanserde kombinasyon terapisi önermektedir. Kombinasyon tedavisi, kanser tedavisinde sinerjistik etkileri nedeniyle tedavinin etkinliğini arttırmaktadır. Bu genomik dönemde, mikroRNA’lar (miRNA’lar) insan hastalıkları ve hastalık terapisindeki rollerine dikkat çekmektedir.
MicroRNA Nedir?
MicroRNA (miRNA) molekülleri, DNA sekanslarının birincil miRNA’lara transkripsiyonundan sonra en sık ortaya çıkan kodlayıcı olmayan RNA’lardır. Birincil miRNA’lar daha sonra sitoplazmaya ihraç edilene kadar öncü miRNA’lara, burada olgun miRNA’lara işlenmektedir. Toplam 18-22 nükleotid uzunluğunda, miRNA’lar gen ekspresyonunun çeşitli yönlerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çok sık olarak, miRNA’lar, mükemmel veya kusurlu tamamlayıcı bağlanma yoluyla gen ekspresyonunu baskılamak için hedef mRNA’ların 3 ‘UTR (çevrilmemiş bölgesi) ile etkileşime girmektedir. Bu gen supresyonunun çoğu, miRNA’ların translasyonunu bloke etme veya hedef mRNA’larının bozulmasını indükleme yeteneğine atfedilmektedir. Gen ekspresyonu sırasındaki diğer miRNA etkileşimlerinin, mRNA’ların 5 ‘UTR’sini, kodlama dizilerini ve gen promotörlerini içerdiği bildirilmiştir. Hesaplamalı tahminler, her miRNA molekülünün, birlikte alındığında, miRNA’ların insanlarda protein kodlayan genlerin yarısından fazlasının düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığını tahmin eden yüzlerce farklı mRNA hedefine bağlanabildiğini bulmuştur.
İnsan genom dizilimi ve post-genomik dönemin ilerlemesinden bu yana, yeni bir RNomik dalgası oluşturulmuştur ve küçük kodlayıcı olmayan RNA’lar (ncRNA’lar) hakkındaki anlayış katlanarak artmıştır. Bu ncRNA’lar arasında, mikroRNA’lar (miRNA’lar), transkripsiyon sonrası düzeyde gen ekspresyonunu düzenledikleri için artan ilgi görmektedir. miRNA’lar 19 ila 25 nükleotit (nt) boyutunda değişen protein kodlayıcı olmayan RNA’lardır. Her zamanki gibi protein kodlayan mRNA’ya gelince, miRNA’ların RNA polimeraz II yoluyla kopyalandığına dikkat çekilmiştir. Daha sonra, bunlar, ilkel miRNA’ya (pri-miRNA) neden olacak şekilde eklenmektedir, kapatılmaktadır ve poli-adenillenmektedir. Daha sonra pri-miRNA’lar, bir saç kesimi öncüsü miRNA’ları üreterek bir endonükleaz (Drosha adı verilen RNaz III endonükleaz) yoluyla işlenmektedir. Hayvanlarda, bu öncü miRNA’lar çekirdekte ~ 70 nt uzunluğundadır. Bununla birlikte, bitkilerde, öncü miRNA uzunluğu çekirdeğin yaklaşık ~ 100 nt’sinde daha uzundur. Daha sonra, saç tokası öncüsü miRNA’lar, moleküllerin sitoplazmaya taşınmasına izin veren exportin-5 ve RNA GTPase’e bağlanmaktadır. Prekürsör miRNA daha sonra Dicer tarafından ~ 22 nt miRNA dublekslerine işlenmektedir. miRNA’lar hücre farklılaşması, hücre döngüsü regülasyonu ve apoptoz gibi çeşitli hücresel fonksiyonlara katılmaktadır. miRNA’lar insan hastalıklarında hayati bir role sahip önemli moleküllerdir ve insan hastalıklarında farklı hücresel yolları yönetmektedir. Chakraborty ve ark, İnsülin direnci ve insülin sinyal yolu ile ilişkili anahtar proteinlerin düzenlenmesi ile bağlantılı olan miRNA’ların oluşumunu tarif etmişlerdir. Başka bir çalışmada Chakraborty ve ark, İnsülin sinyal yolunda ve ilişkili pankreas kanseri gelişiminde miRNA’ların oluşumunu ve sorumluluğunu tarif etmişlerdir. Kronik miyeloid lösemide MAPK sinyal yollarının kontrol edilmesinde miRNA’ların rolü yakın zamanda gözden geçirilmiştir. Chakraborty ve arkadaşları, ayrıca miRNA’nın karsinogenezdeki rolünü anlamaya yardımcı olabilecek miRNA kontrollü kanser kök hücrelerini de gözden geçirmiştir. Sharma ve arkadaşları, MiRNA’ların romatoid artrit ile ilişkili sitokin sinyal yollarındaki rolünü tanımlamıştır. Alternatif olarak kemoterapötik ajanların antikanser fonksiyon aktivitelerini miRNA ekspresyonunu modüle ederek gerçekleştirebileceği öngörülmüştür.
MiRNA genlerinin belirli anahtar sitelerde yer aldığı kaydedilmiştir. Örneğin, kansere bağlı hassas bölgeler, kansere bağlı genomik bölgeler veya katı tümörlerin ve hematolojik malignitelerin ayrı ayrı alt kümeleriyle ilişkili alanlar. MiRNA’lar, maligniteleri yukarı doğru düzenleyen miRNA’nın normal bir hücrede malign gelişim fonksiyonunu baskılaması gibi tümör baskılayıcılar olarak çalışabilmektedir. Son zamanlarda yapılan birkaç keşif, miRNA’ların kanser tedavisinde potansiyel uygulamalara sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmalar, tümör baskı
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50 | 1 | 3 |
comparison between the IELTS and TOFEL scores.
|IELTS Score||TOEFL score|
Application and preparation
You can find sample test materials and other resources to help you prepare for IELTS from this site. You can register for the test by following this link.
Difference between TOEFL and IELTS
TOEFL is computer-based.
IELTS is paper based.
TOEFL will take about 4 hours.
IELTS It will take approximately 2 hours, 45 minutes.
TOEFL will contain 4 – 6 passages and multiple choice questions.
IELTS It will contain 3 passages and different types of questions.
TOEFL will mostly have people speaking in American accents.
IELTS will have a range of different English accents.
TOEFL involves talking to the computer.
IELTS will have a real examiner.
TOEFL tests are typed on the computer.
IELTS essays are handwritten.
TOEFL is given scores from 0 to 120.
IELTS It is given scores from 0 to 30.<|endoftext|>Yaşadığım şehir Münih’te, yıl içinde kalabalık denen kavramın hissedildiği tek dönem Oktoberfest. 1810 yılından beri, Ludwig I ve Prenses Therese’nin evlenmesi ile başlayan ve iki yüz yıldır devam eden Oktoberfest festivalini her sene yaklaşık 6 milyon kişi ziyaret ediyor!
Münih’in en büyük ve ünlü bira fabrikaları sırf Oktoberfest’e özel, alkol oranı daha yüksek olan (yaklaşık %6-%7) biralar üretiyor. Bu festivalin diğer adı ise “Wiesn” ve bu isim Oktoberfest’in bulunduğu Theresienwiese’den geliyor. Alanda, en ünlü 6 bira fabrikasının çadırları bulunmakta. Bunlar Spatenbräu, Augustiner, Paulaner, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbrau ve Löwenbräu. Bu sene bir litre bira (bir “Maß” olarak da geçiyor ve zaten başka boyları almak mümkün değil) yaklaşık 10 Euro idi.
Bu sene Oktoberfest’e katılmaktan daha çok ilgimi çeken şey Oktoberfest’in ikinci günü yapılan “Trachten- und Schützenzug” isimli geçit töreniydi. Daha önce hiç gitme şansım olmamıştı. Bu geçit töreninin rotası senelerdir değişmemiş: Maximillianeum’dan başlayıp Odeonsplatz’dan geçilerek Bayern’in önde gelen yöneticilerine selam veriliyor. Odeonsplatz bu geçitin en önemli noktalarından bir tanesi. Bitiş noktası ise Oktoberfest’in bulunduğu Theresienwiese. Bu tören 1835 yılından beri var olsa da 1950 yılından beri Oktoberfest’in bir parçası. Biz sokağın kenarına dizilip izleyenlerden olduk faktar istenirse yol kenarına kurulan ve daha iyi bir görüş sağlayan tribünlerden 35 Euro’ya bilet almak da mümkün.<|endoftext|>نگهداری توده کود مرغی در فضای باز و در معرض باد و باران موجب هدر رفتن ازت آن به شکل گاز آمونیاک می شود و بوی تند کود مرغی حاصل تصعید گاز آمونیاک می باشد و در نتیجه ارزش غذایی کود مرغی از نظر ازت کاهش می یابد.
برای کاهش خروج گاز امونیاک و بوی تند کود مرغی و کاستن تلفات روان آب فسفر و عناصر غذایی کم مصرف، کود مرغی را با مصرف سولفات آلومینیوم اصلاح می کنند.
برای حفظ ازت کود مرغی و کاهش بوی گاز آمونیاک و تلفات ازت مصرف کود سوپر فسفات تریپل به مقدار 50 کیلوگرم به ازای هر تن کود مرغی استفاده می شود. فسفات با آمونیوم کود مرغی ترکیب شده و از هدر روی ازت مرغی جلوگیری می کند.
زمان و نحوه مصرف کود مرغی نیز مهم است. در فصول مختلف سال کود مرغی را در مزارع مصرف می کنند. در کشت های بهاره، با مصرف آن در فصل پائیز بیشترین زمان برای تجزیه کود مرغی و آزاد سازی عناصر غذایی موجود در آن فراهم می گردد.
کاربرد کود مرغی در فصل پائیز به منظور جلوگیری از هدر رفتن ازت در خاک های بافت سبک توصیه نمی شود.
در کاربرد آن در فصل بهار برای هدر روی ازت در مزرعه فرصت کمی وجود دارد. بهر حال مصرف آن در فصل بهار انجام عملیات زراعی و کاشت را به تاخیر می اندازد و می تواند موجب افزایش فشردگی خاک شود.
در بیشتر مواقع کود مرغی را در فصول تابستان و زمستان مصرف می کنند و هنگام مصرف کود مرغی در قبل از کاشت، مخلوط کامل آن با شخم زدن خاک برای اجتناب از قرار گرفتن بذرها در محل دارای کود مرغی زیاد توصیه می شود.
در کشت پسکار و پیشکار مناطق جنوبی که زیر سازی و آماده سازی حدود 45 روز قبل از کشت ممکن است صورت بگیرد، کود مرغی و کود گاوی با هم مخلوط می شوند، بر اساس آزمون خاک، افزودنی های لازم هم به این مخلوط اضافه می شوند. سپس این مخلوط یا با خاک پشته و خاک مزرعه مخلوط می شوند یا در عمق شیار قرار می گیرند.
درنهایت پس از اینکه پشته یا شیار ایجاد شد، روی ردیف، نایلون کشیده می شود و آبیاری انجام می شود تا کود مرغی، گرما و رطوبت و قارچ کش های اضافه شده عوامل بیمارگر را از بین ببرند.
به هر حال کود مرغی هم قبل از کشت و هم بعد از کشت می تواند مصرف شود. بنابراین مصرف کود مرغ به صورت سرک (مصرف در زمان داشت) نیز می تواند انجام شود در این حالت اگر نحوه آبیاری شما غرق آبی باشد کافی است کود مرغی را داخل یک گونی ریخته و در مسیر آب کرت قرار دهید یا کود مرغی مایع را بصورت تزریق یا همراه آب آبیاری پای بوته برسانید. همچنین می توانید در فصل بهار که بارندگی وجود دارد و یا آبیاری شما بارانی است پای هر بوته حدود یک مشت کود مرغی بریزید.
کود مرغی شامل انواع خام و پلیت و مایع است. کود های مرغی خام اگر پوسیده نباشند حتما حاوی بذر انواع علف های هرز، قارچ و باکتری هستند و حتی می توانند آن مزایای تغذیه ای که گفته شد را نداشته باشند. زیرا باید حدود 4 ماه تا یکسال (بسته به شرایط) به حالت دپو بمانند تا عناصر موجود در آنها توسط فرایندهای بیولوژیکی و شیمیایی در به فرم قابل دسترس تبدیل شوند و بذر علف های هرز و عوامل بیماری زای آنها نیز از بین بروند. همچنین گیاهسوزی بسیار بیشتری دارند چون آمونیاک بیشتری دارند. بنابراین اگر کود مرغی خام استفاده می کنید بهتر است پوسیده باشد.
اما کودهای مرغی پلیت شده طی یک فرایند گرمایشی، بذر های موجود کود، عوامل قارچی و باکتریایی آنها از بین رفته است. و این مشکلات را ندارند. بنابراین اگر کود مرغی تون پوسیده نیست بهتر هست از نوع پلیت شده استفاده کنید.
کود مرغی مایع که حاوی عصاره و عناصر موجود در کود مرغی است، معمولا دارای pH بهتری است و عناصر فسفر، روی، منگنز و آهن را بهتر تامین می کند. و در دو حالت مصرف آن توصیه می شود: اول اینکه در زمان رشد رویشی و حتی زایشی می توان به جای کود کامل همراه با آب آبیاری و بصورت تزریق استفاده کرد دوم اینکه می توان قبل از کشت روی کود گاوی دپو شده ریخت و مخلوط ایجاد شده را برای زیر سازی استفاده کرد.<|endoftext|>Ocular Surface Conditions
Watery eyes or excessive tearing is a common problem for which patients present to their ophthalmologist. This can be a very troublesome and inconvenient problem. There are a number of causes of excess tears which are very different in their nature and thus the treatment.
Ocular Surface Disease
For example, numerous conditions related to the health of the surface of the eye such as infection, inflammation, dryness, excess exposure, and scarring can lead to watery eyes.
Another common problem is that the aging process leads to an increase in the laxity of the eyelids. This eyelid laxity can lead to welling up of tears due to inefficient flow of the tears into the tear drain system. Eyelid laxity is treated similar to Ectropion (see above) with a procedure used to tighten the eyelids. Commonly along with the eyelid laxity, the opening to the tear drain system (called the punctum) is sometimes poorly positioned relative to the area of pooled tears. This is called Punctal ectropion and this condition is surgically treated in conjunction with an eyelid tightening surgery.
Tear Drain Blockage (Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction)
Another common cause of excessive tearing is blockage of the lacirmal (tear drain) system. In children, this is typically congenital and often resolves with conservative management comprised of massage and medical treatment alone. Occasionally further surgical intervention may be required. In adults, the blockage can be due to a number of causes including inflammation, infection, tumors, or injury. Furthermore, the blockage can occur at a number of different points along the tear drain system. If the blockage is located towards the end of the tear drain (the nasolacrimal duct), a surgery called a Dacryocystorhinostomy (‘DCR’) may be recommended. In this surgery, the point of blockage is bypassed by creation of a new channel for tears to flow from the tear drain into the nose. A small silicone stent is placed in the tear drain system which is later removed.<|endoftext|>Media Literacy Note
Students must learn to be savvy and discriminating readers when learning about topical issues. No Web site can provide all the information a student needs to know, and teachers should encourage students to "interrogate" Web sites even as they are reading. Students should ask themselves: What did I learn from this source? What didn't I learn from this source? Who sponsors this source? What bias might the sponsor have? How current is the site?
FRONTLINE : Can You Afford to Retire?
The companion Web site to the FRONTLINE film provides: answers to frequently asked questions about pension plans; expert opinions on how much to save for retirement; links to retirement calculators and other resources online; Web-exclusive video on corporate bankruptcy in the steel industry; and extended interviews with industry insiders and retirement specialists explaining the many challenges facing retirees today.
Investing for Beginners: Traditional IRA and Roth IRA Contribution Limits
A clear introduction to the two most common types of IRA plans.
Yahoo Finance: Retirement Special Edition
This site includes retirement calculators and resources, as well as the following brief articles about retirement issues:
First Day Orders
A brief description followed and free preview excerpt (PDF file) of an article on the legal tactic that protects the interests of banks during Chapter 11 bankruptcies. (Note: you may have to paste this URL into the search line of your browser.)<|endoftext|>Course Number and Title: BIO 262 Genetics
This course covers basic principles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetics, including Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance, structure and function of chromosomes and genomes, and genotype: phenotype associations. Students use bioinformatics software and DNA techniques such as cloning, PCR, and sequencing.
- Apply the chromosomal basis of inheritance to describe passage of genetic traits across generations. (CCC 2, 6; PGC 1)
- Review information flow in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (CCC 2, 6; PGC 1)
- Interpret data from defining classical and current experiments. (CCC 2, 5, 6; PGC 1)
- Employ bioinformatics software to analyze nucleic acid and protein structure and function. (CCC 1, 2, 4, 5, 6; PGC 1, 9)
- Use DNA techniques for laboratory investigations. (CCC 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; PGC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7, 9)
See Core Curriculum Competencies and Program Graduate Competencies at the end of the syllabus. CCPOs are linked to every competency they develop.
Upon completion of this course, the student will:
- Apply the chromosomal basis of inheritance to describe passage of genetic traits across generations.
- Compare Mendelian and non-Mendelian modes of inheritance.
- Apply the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation to explain the inheritance of traits in populations.
- Describe the basic structure and function of chromosomes and how they move through meiosis and mitosis.
- Describe how genomes are mapped using classical linkage studies and genetic markers.
- Review information flow in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Summarize the mechanism of DNA replication.
- Compare initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Describe the roles of RNA and proteins in translation and RNA processing.
- Correlate changes in DNA sequence and expression with altered cell function.
- Analyze the molecular mechanisms behind different modes of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Explain how DNA topology and chromatin structure affect replication and transcription.
- Interpret data from defining classical and current experiments.
- Distinguish between different molecular techniques that are used to understand modes of inheritance.
- Identify appropriate experiments to answer genetics questions.
- Predict outcomes based upon a stated hypothesis and experimental design.
- Employ bioinformatics software to analyze nucleic acid and protein structure and function.
- Select appropriate software to find information about specific genomes.
- Compare results after varying parameters in bioinformatics tools.
- Develop strategies for interpreting results from bioinformatics software.
- Discuss ethical issues associated with genetics.
- Use DNA techniques for laboratory investigations
- Employ DNA techniques to construct a recombinant vector.
- Utilize molecular techniques such as electrophoresis, PCR, and sequencing to analyze construct.
- Quantitate DNA concentration and quality.
- Maintain a laboratory notebook.
- Analyze data to form sound scientific conclusions.
Students must demonstrate proficiency on all CCPOs at a minimal 75 percent level to successfully complete the course. The grade will be determined using the Delaware Tech grading system:
Students should refer to the Student Handbook for information on the Academic Standing Policy, the Academic Integrity Policy, Student Rights and Responsibilities, and other policies relevant to their academic progress.
- Apply clear and effective communication skills.
- Use critical thinking to solve problems.
- Collaborate to achieve a common goal.
- Demonstrate professional and ethical conduct.
- Use information literacy for effective vocational and/or academic research.
- Apply quantitative reasoning and/or scientific inquiry to solve practical problems.
- Apply knowledge of the theories and principles of biology and biotechnology.
- Employ good laboratory practices (GLP) and safety guidelines to conduct common laboratory operations.
- Employ standard laboratory documentation practices for data management and laboratory notebooks.
- Utilize chemical principles and apply mathematics in the preparation of laboratory solutions.
- Analyze samples by common quantitative and qualitative techniques.
- Perform separation techniques on biological samples and interpret results.
- Perform laboratory techniques used in microbiology, immunology and biotechnology.
- Apply calculus in the solution of problems.
- Demonstrate professional behavior and communication skills.
The College is committed to providing reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. Students are encouraged to schedule an appointment with the campus Disabilities Support Counselor to request an accommodation needed due to a disability. A listing of campus Disabilities Support Counselors and contact information can be found at the disabilities services web page or visit the campus Advising Center.<|endoftext|>Afrika menekşesi, güzellikleriyle iç mekanları süsleyen popüler bir bitkidir. Bu makalede, afrika menekşesi bakımıyla ilgili bilmeniz gereken önemli noktaları paylaşacağım. Kendi deneyimlerime dayanarak size ipuçları ve pratik tavsiyeler sunacağım.
Afrika menekşesinin doğru şekilde büyümesini sağlamak için öncelikle ışık gereksinimlerini karşılamalısınız. Direkt güneş ışığından kaçının, ancak aydınlık bir ortam tercih edin. Bitkinin yanına bir pencere kenarı veya parlak bir köşe seçmek idealdir. Böylece yapraklarının canlı renklerini korur ve sağlıklı büyümelerini desteklersiniz.
Su konusu da büyük önem taşır. Afrika menekşesi, düzenli ve dengeli bir sulama rejimi ister. Toprağı daima nemli tutmalısınız, ancak aşırı suya maruz bırakmaktan kaçınmalısınız. Suyun bitkinin altına değil, toprağın üst kısmına uygulandığından emin olun. Yapraklara su temas ettiğinde çürüme riski artar.
Ayrıca, afrika menekşesini beslemek de önemlidir. Bitki için özel olarak formüle edilmiş sıvı gübreler kullanarak besin ihtiyacını karşılayabilirsiniz. Dozaj talimatlarını dikkatlice takip ederek, genellikle haftada bir kez gübreleme yapmalısınız. Böylece bitkinin çiçeklenme dönemleri daha canlı ve uzun sürebilir.
Afrika menekşesi bakımında dikkate almanız gereken bir diğer önemli faktör ise sıcaklık ve nemdir. Bitki, 15-24°C arasındaki sıcaklıklarda en iyi şekilde büyür. Ayrıca, havanın nemli olmasını sağlamak için bitkinin yanına bir buharlayıcı veya su dolu bir tepsi yerleştirebilirsiniz.
Son olarak, afrika menekşesinin yaprakları düzenli olarak temizlenmelidir. Yapraklar tozlanabilir ve zamanla nefes alma yeteneklerini kaybedebilir. Yumuşak bir bezle hafifçe silerek yaprakları temizleyebilirsiniz.
Bu makalede, afrika menekşesinin başarılı bir şekilde nasıl yetiştirileceği konusunda size bazı temel bilgiler sundum. Işık, su, besin, sıcaklık ve temizlik gibi unsurlara dikkat ederek bitkinizin sağlıklı ve çekici görünmesini sağlayabilirsiniz. Afrika menekşesi, sevgiyle bakıldığında uzun yıllar boyunca güzelliklerini sergileyen bir bitki olacaktır.
Toprak seçimi ve drenaj önlemleri for Afrika Menekşesi (Saintpaulia)
Afrika Menekşesi, zarif çiçekleri ve kolay yetiştirilebilirliğiyle ünlü bir bitkidir. Bu güzellikleri korumak için doğru toprak seçimi ve drenaj önlemlerinin alınması önemlidir. Afrika Menekşesi’nin sağlıklı büyümesini ve canlı renklerini sürdürebilmesini sağlamak için aşağıdaki ipuçlarını takip edebilirsiniz.
Doğru toprak seçimi, Afrika Menekşesi’nin başarısı için temel bir unsurdur. Bu bitki, hafif asidik olan ve iyi drene olan bir toprakta en iyi şekilde gelişir. İdeal pH değeri 5.5 ile 6.0 arasındadır. Toprağın hava geçirgenliği ise önemlidir, çünkü sürekli nemli kalan toprak kö
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خیلی سریع رخ دهد، علف های هرز به سرعت به سرعت تطابق نمی یابند.
دانشمندان نشان می دهند چگونه انسان ها می توانند با به کار انداختن شیوه هایی که محیط زیست را تخریب می کنند و تغییرات آب و هوایی را کاهش می دهند، زندگی مردم فقیر را بهبود بخشد.
فضای پیش سازمانی ذرات بیشتر و ابرهای بسیار واضح تر از آنچه قبلا تصور می کردیم. این آخرین یافته آزمایش CLOUD است، همکاری میان دانشمندان 80 در آزمایشگاه فیزیک ذرات CERN در نزدیکی ژنو.
از زمان تحریم نفتی 1973، سیاست انرژی ایالات متحده به جای جایگزینی سوخت جایگزین نفت بر پایه سوخت جایگزین شده است. یکی از گزینه های برجسته استفاده از سوخت های زیستی، از قبیل اتانول به جای بنزین و بیودیزل به جای دیزل معمولی است.
صفحه 26 از 40<|endoftext|>Japonya'da enflasyon Ağustos ayında beklenenden daha fazla yavaşladı ve bu durum, fiyat artışlarını yüzde 2'ye yükseltmek isteyen Japonya Merkez Bankası Başkanı Haruhiko Kuroda'nın karşı karşıya bulunduğu risklerin altını çiziyor.
Taze gıda hariç tüketici fiyatları, Bugün Tokyo'da istatistik ofisinden yapılan açıklamaya göre, Ağustos ayında geçen yılın aynı ayına göre yüzde 3.1 yükseldi. Bloomberg'in anketine katılan 31 ekonomistin tahminlerinin medyanına göre, bu verinin yüzde 3.2 artması bekleniyordu. Japonya Merkez Bankası'nın hesaplamalarına göre, Nisan ayındaki satış vergisi artışının etkileri arındırıldığında, tüketici fiyatlarındaki artış yüzde 1.1'de kaldı.
Cergi artışının ardından zayıflayan tüketim enflasyon üzerinde baskı oluşturmaya devam ediyor ve bu durum, yüzde 2 fiyat hedefinin tutturulamayacağını düşünen çok sayıdaki ekonomistin görüşlerini destekliyor. Kuroda, fiyat artışlarının bu seviyeye, Nisan 2015'te başlayacak mali yılı başında ulaşacağını söyledi.
Tokyo'da Credit Suisse Group AG şef japonya ekonomisti ve Japonya Merkez Bankası eski yetkililerinden Hiromichi Shirakawa, "fiyatlar düşme baskısı altında, zira tüketici harcamalrında güçlü bir yükseliş yok," dedi ve "Japonya Merkez Bankası'nın senaryosu muhtemelen çökecek ve banka Aralık ya da Ocak ayında ilave teşviklere zorlanacak" şeklinde görüş bildirdi.
Japonya Merkez Bankası, tüketici fiyatlarının hedefe doğru hızlanmadan önce yaklaşık yüzde 1.25 artacağını kaydetti ve Kuroda geçen hafta, fiyat artışlarının Ekim ile MArt arasındaki dönemde yeniden artmaya başlamasını beklediğini söyledi.
Bloomberg'in geçen ay düzenlediği ankete katılan ekonomistlerin yüzde 87'si, enflasyonun yüzde 2 hedefine Nisan'da başlayan yılda ulaşmasını beklemiyor.<|endoftext|>پراکندگی چشمه های معدنی ایران و خواص درمانی آنها نشان از آن دارد که ما با یک برنامه ریزی مناسب قادریم ضمن حفاظت از این چشمه ها از آنها به عنوان منبعی برای ارزآوری استفاده کنیم.
به گزارش دیدشهر، جدا از بیمارستان های مجهز و پایین بودن هزینه های درمانی که جزو مزایای ما در توریسم پزشکی محسوب می شود، وجود برخی جاذبه های طبیعی که خاصیت درمانی نیز دارند از دیگر فرصت های ما برای رقابت پذیری با کشورهای مدعی توریسم سلامت است.
آب درمانی با شیوه اسپا، آب های معدنی و گرم نمونه ای از این موارد هستند.
رونق گردشگری سلامت با آب های معدنی
گردشگری سلامت این روزها به یکی از شاخص ترین حوزه های صنعت گردشگری در ایران تبدیل شده است.
از آنجا که گردشگران پزشکی عموما دوره ای بلندمدت تر از یک گردشگر عادی در کشور میزبان می مانند، قادرند ارز بیشتری را به واسطه هزینه های پزشکی در مقصد سفرشان هزینه کنند؛ همچنین با این پیش فرض که بیماران عموما با همراه سفر می کنند؛ هر گردشگر پزشکی را می توان فی نفسه با همراه در نظر گرفت و هزینه های این فرد را نیز جزو درآمدهای این نمونه گردشگری به حساب آورد.
جایگاه ایران در گردشگری سلامت چند است؟
فراهم آوردن تسهیلات برای گذراندن دوران نقاهت و پیشنهاد بازدید از جاذبه های تاریخی، طبیعی و فرهنگی از دیگر امکاناتی است که حتی قادر است گردشگر سلامت را پس از درمان کامل به یک گردشگر فرهنگی یا طبیعت گرد تبدیل کند.
اما آیا ایران توان آن را دارد که به جایگاه شاخصی در گردشگری سلامت دست پیدا کند و پتانسیل های موجود چگونه است؟
جدا از بیمارستان های مجهز و پایین بودن هزینه های درمانی که جزو مزایای ما در توریسم پزشکی محسوب می شود؛ وجود برخی جاذبه های طبیعی که خاصیت درمانی نیز دارند از دیگر فرصت های ما برای رقابت پذیری با کشورهای مدعی توریسم سلامت است.
آب درمانی با شیوه آسپا، آب های معدنی و گرم نمونه ای از این موارد هستند.
پدیده هایی که تنها در مناطق خاص جغرافیایی ظهور می یابند و این روزها با افزایش ناراحتی های عصبی، خستگی، دردهای عضلانی و مفاصل به یک گزینه جذاب برای گردشگران جویای سلامت تبدیل شده اند.
توریسم چشمه های معدنی
توریسم چشمه های معدنی تقریبا بهترین نوع شناخته شده توریسم تندرستی است و گاهی مترادف آن نیز تلقی می شود.
ای اس پی آ (International SPA Association) چشمه های معدنی را به عنوان «مکانی اختصاصی برای ارتقای کامل تندرستی از میان سایر خدمات تخصصی که قوای ذهن، جسم و روح را تقویت می کنند» می شناسد.
ای اس پی آ، عناصر اصلی چشمه های معدنی را تمدد اعصاب (مدیریت فشار روانی)، تفکر (مدیتیشن)، تجدید قوا (انرژی و جوان سازی) و خوشی (خوشحالی و سرگرمی) می داند.
چشمه های معدنی برحسب آنچه ارائه می دهند، متفاوتند و هر یک خدمات و درمان های خاصی را ارائه می دهند.
اما تمام آنها یک نقطه مشترک دارند و آن ارتقای سلامت و بهداشت گردشگران است.
تجربه جهانی توریسم آب درمانی
گردشگری آب درمانی معمولا تعبیر به گردشگری صحت یا بهبود می شود.
ریشه این گردشگری را می توان در هزاران سال پیش جست وجو کرد.
اما در دوره جدید، شروع آن را از ۱۹۳۹ می دانند. ۱۰ هزار چشمه آب معدنی در آمریکا وجود دارد و چهارمین صنعت تفریحی با ۱۱/۲ میلیارد درآمد سالانه، به وجود آورده است.
تخمین زده شده که اروپا دارای ۱۱۰۰ چشمه و آمریکای لاتین ۱۸۰۰ چشمه هستند.
آمریکا و اروپا سرآمد توریسم آب درمانی در جهان
کشور هایی نظیر فرانسه، آلمان، ایتالیا و ژاپن که در استفاده از منابع آب های معدنی خود دارای سابقه طولانی هستند، همه ساله تعداد کثیری جهانگرد را به خود جذب کرده و از نظر توریستی و اقتصادی این موضوع در کشورشان اهمیت فراوانی دارد.
در ایتالیا سالانه بیش از یک میلیون و ۲۵۰ هزار نفر که یک چهارم آنها خارجی هستند از آب گرم معدنی استفاده می کنند.
کشورهای دیگر چون روسیه، چکسلواکی و آلمان نیز، شرایط درمان با آب گرم معدنی و نیز کادر پزشکی متخصص را با همکاری بیمه های مختلف برای پذیرش بیماران و گردشگران مهیا کرده اند.
به عنوان مثال پزشکان متخصص آب های معدنی فرانسه حدود ۶۰۰ نفر هستند و در ۱۰۰ ایستگاه آب معدنی که حدود یک دهم آن شهرت جهانی دارند به راهنمایی بیماران مشغولند.
گردشگری سلامت بخشی کوچک اما مهم از بازار گردشگری را به خود اختصاص داده است.
این نوع گردشگری در کشورهای توسعه یافته ای همچون اسکاتلند، مجارستان، سوئیس، یونان، نیوزیلند، ایالات متحده، کانادا و کشورهای در حال توسعه ای مانند کوبا، کارائیب، کرواسی، هند، اردن، بحرین، مالزی، سنگاپور و تایلند رواج دارد.
آبدرمانی ها ۶ گانه در ایران
آب درمانی یا گردشگری چشمه های معدنی در ایران با توجه به گونه گونی آنها به ۶ دسته تقسیم می شود.
۱- آب های گوگردی (سولفوره)
آب های گوگردی (سولفوره)یکی از آنهاست: که آن را می توان به طریق تنفسی، به صورت بخور و نوشیدن به کار برد؛ مانند چشمه سادات محله سخته سر (تنکابن) قوتورسویی (مشگین شهر).
۲- آب های سولفاته
آب های سولفاته نیز گونه ای دیگر است که این آب ها چنانچه همراه با آب های کلریددار باشند به آب های کلروسولفاته موسومند و خاصیت تسکین دهندگی، ضدخارش و ملین دارند.
برای نمونه از آب های سولفاته می توان چشمه آب گرم سراب را نام برد.
۳-آب های بیکربناته
آب های بیکربناته هم به صورت نوشیدن و هم جهت تن شستن به کار می روند و به علت گازدار بودن کاربرد خارجی آنها سبب ازدیاد ادرار، کند شدن نبض و باز شدن عروق می شود.
نوشیدن آنها نیز سبب ازدیاد ترشحات معده، ازدیاد صفرا، بهبود فعالیت کلیه، دفع اسیداوریک و بهبود متابولیسم پروتئیدها، گلوسیدها و کلسترول می شود.
چشمه های خرقان قزوین (کربناته) و سرعین اردبیل (بیکربناته) از جمله این آب ها هستند.
۴- آب های کلروره
آب های کلروره نیز به صورت درون بدنی و بیرون بدنی جهت درمان بیماری های روماتیسم، راشیتیسم، یا تورم موضعی به کار می روند.
استحمام با آب های کلروره سبب باز شدن عروق محیطی می شود و بیشتر به صورت غرغره و شست وشوی بینی جهت بیماری های دستگاه تنفسی به کار می روند.
در این مورد بخوانید:
این آب ها همچنین محرک، مدر و تسکین دهنده اند و سبب تحریک دستگاه گوارش می شوند؛ مانند چشمه قلعه عسکر کرمان.
۵- آب های آهن دار
آب های آهن دارقسم دیگری است که حاوی ترکیب های مختلف آهن هستند و سبب ازدیاد گلبول های قرمز و هموگلوبین می شوند و جهت درمان بیماری های کم خونی و نیز بهبود گوارش و رشد بدن به کار می روند.
چشمه های آهن آبعلی و آب گرم لاریجان دارای آب آهن دار هستند.
۶- آب های پرتوزا
آب های پرتوزا نیز حاوی گازهای رادیواکتیو به ویژه گاز رادون هستند و کاربرد آنها سبب فزونی فعالیت بافت ها می شود و اکثرا برای دردهای روماتیسمی، مفصلی و عصبی به کار می روند. این آب ها همچنین در مورد بیماری های جلدی مانند اگزمای پرخارش و نیز بیماری های زنانگی موثرند.
نوشیدن آنها سبب دفع اسیداوریک موجود در ادرار و در نتیجه تسکین دردهای مفصلی می شود. چشمه آب سیاه رامسر و نیز بیشتر آب های گرم اردبیل از این جمله اند.
آبدرمانی ها مزیت رقابتی گردشگری ایران
پراکندگی چشمه های معدنی ایران و خواص درمانی آنها نشان از آن دارد که ما با یک برنامه ریزی مناسب قادریم ضمن حفاظت از این چشمه ها از آنها به عنوان منبعی برای ارزآوری استفاده کنیم.
بروز و ظهور انواع بیماری های روحی و جسمی که چاره آن قرار گرفتن در حوضچه های آب گرم برای کسب آرامش و سلامت است، می تواند هر گردشگری را از هر گوشه ای از جهان به سمت ایران بکشاند تا در کنار درمان از کشوری بازدید کند که این روزها در حال تبدیل شدن به یکی از مقاصد جذاب گردشگری خاورمیانه است.
مسوولان و سیاست گذاران این حوزه نیز در این راستا باید بکوشند ساختارهای سازگار با محیط زیست منطقه و استاندارد را در نزدیکی چنین اماکنی ایجاد کنند یا مشاوره لازم را در این خصوص به سرمایه گذاران علاقه مند ارائه کنند.
در پیش گرفتن این تمهیدات در کنار مشارکت مردم محلی در مدیریت گردشگری چشمه های درمانی مناطق مختلف ضمن ایجاد یک مدیریت بهینه و جلوگیری از ایجاد تنش در مناطق گوناگون با فرهنگ های مختلف، توزیع درآمد در سطح ملی را به همراه خواهد داشت و به رشد متوازن یاری خواهد رساند.
نویسنده: لیلاحامدی<|endoftext|>اسلامی : رعایت صد درصدی پروتکلهای بهداشتی در پروازها
به گزارش مجله سلو بلاگ، تهران (پانا) - وزیر راه با اشاره به نظارت دقیق بر رعایت پروتکلهای بهداشتی در پروازها می گوید پروتکل های بهداشتی و مسافرگیری 60 درصدی، به صورت صد درصد در پروازها رعایت می گردد. ما مرتب گزارش های سازمان هواپیمایی کشوری را رصد می کنیم.
محمد اسلامی در حاشیه جلسه امروز هیات دولت در پاسخ به این پرسش که گفته شده پروتکل های بهداشتی و مسافرگیری 60 درصدی در پروازها رعایت نمی شوند، اظهار کرد: پروتکل های بهداشتی و مسافرگیری 60 درصدی، به صورت صد درصد در پروازها رعایت می شود. ما مرتب گزارش های سازمان هواپیمایی کشوری را رصد می کنیم.
وی اضافه نمود: در موضوع قیمت بلیت هم تا به امروز ما گزارش مستندی از اینکه کسی از سقف قیمت ها فراتر رفته باشد، دریافت ننموده ایم.
وزیر راه تاکید نمود: ما به شدت کنترل می کنیم و اجازه نمی دهیم که پرواز چارتری به این صورت وجود داشته باشد که کسانی تحت عنوان آژانس، اقدام به سلف خری بلیت های پروازهای برنامه ای نمایند و با قیمتی که خودشان تشخیص دهند آن را بفروشند، ما این فرایند را متوقف نموده ایم.
اسلامی توضیح داد: اجازه نمی دهیم کسی اینگونه با سلف خری پروازهای برنامه ای، بلیت چارتری به مردم بفروشد و بعد هم بگوید اگر لغو کردید، پولش بازنمی شود چون پرواز چارتری بوده است.منبع: خبرگزاری پانا<|endoftext|>بخش اول
آموختن مبانی
1 مطمئن شوید که گیتارتان کوک است. یک تونر الکترونیکی تهیه کنید تا از این بابت مطمئن شوید. تلاش برای یادگیری نواختن آهنگ های مختلف با یک گیتار ناکوک شما را گیج خواهد کرد. همچنین خیلی از راهنما های اینترنتی از روش کوک استاندارد استفاده می کنند.
کوک استاندارد که از سیم بالایی شروع می شود و تا سیم پایینی می آید به ترتیب به صورت ایی- اِی-دی-جی-بی- و ایی می باشد.
نوت های آزاد را با گیتارتان بزنید و مطمئن شوید که با بازده دیجیتالی روی تونر همخوانی داشته باشند.
2 گیتار را صحیح نگه دارید. وقتی نشسته هستید، دو روش اصلی برای نگه داشتن گیتار وجود دارد. در روش راحت و غیر رسمی گیتار را روی پای غالبتان می گذارید. اما روش کلاسیک می گوید باید گیتار را روی پای غیر غالب بگذارید. در هر دو حالت باید مطمئن شوید که گیتار به بدنتان نزدیک نگه داشته شده است. نگه داشتن صحیح گیتار نواختن آن را ساده تر کرده و از خسته شدن شما جلوگیری می کند. هر دو سبک نواختن را امتحان کنید و ببینید کدامیک برای شما راحت تر است.
- روش کلاسیک باعث می شود روی گردن گیتارتان تسلط بیشتری داشته باشید.
- روش غیر رسمی از خستگی نواختن می کاهد.
- وقتی دارید می نوازید مطمئن شوید که گیتار صاف است چون کج کردنش می تواند به به مچ دستتان آسیب وارد کند.
- وقتی هم ایستاده اید، مطمئن شوید که یک بند به گیتارتان وصل باشد و خود گیتار به جلوی بدنتان چسبیده و قسمت بالایی آن جلوی سینه تان قرار بگیرد.
- باید زمانی که می نوازید، فرم بدنتان در راحتی کامل باشد.
3 تفاوت بین آکوردها و هر یک از نوت ها را بیاموزید. آکورد زمانی است که شما دو یا چند نت را همزمان روی سیم های مختلف می زنید تا یک صدای متحد ایجاد کنید. این ها همان چیزهایی هستند که ریتم را تشکیل می دهند که بخشی از موسیقی آکوستیک است. نت های تکی بیشتر برای تکنوازی استفاده می شوند و زمانی رخ می دهند که هر بار یک نت را می زنید. هردو این ها مهارت هستند و شما باید برای نواختن گیتار آکوستیک هردو را فرا بگیرید.
سوال از بخش اول
اگر می خواهید روی گردن گیتار تسلط بیشتری داشته باشید، باید گیتار را چگونه نگه دارید؟
- گیتار را روی پای غیر قالب بگذارید
- گیتار را روی پای غالب بگذارید
- گیتار را از بدنتان دور نگه دارید
- گیتار را به سمت خودتان کج کنید
بخش دوم
آموختن آکوردهای آزاد ساده
1 شکل علامت آکوردهای ابتدایی آزاد را یاد بگیرید. آکوردهای آزاد آکوردهایی هستند که به سمت بالای گردن گیتارتان نواخته می شوند، در نزدیکی گیره های کوک کردن. وقتی گیتار آکوستیک می نوازید، دانستن شکل آکوردهای آزاد برای نواختن ریتم های معروف ضروری است. برای مثال برای یاد گرفتن مفهوم کلی شکل ها، دو آکورد اصلی مثل ایی اصلی یا اِی اصلی را خوب یاد بگیرید.
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que il 14 marzo del 497 d.C. a Costantinopoli, spegnendosi, verosimilmente a motivo di un carcinoma, nella stessa città il 28 giugno del 548 d.C. Inizialmente ebbe un’esistenza movimentata, per poi diventare la consorte dell’imperatore bizantino Giustiniano I e aiutarlo nell’esercizio del governo. Celebre è la sua frase, riportata dallo storico Procopio di Cesarea, «Il trono è un glorioso sepolcro e la porpora è il miglior sudario». Procopio, nella sua opera «Storia segreta», sottolineava tutti gli aspetti negativi della sovrana.
|Lady Randolph Churchill nel ruolo di Teodora 1897.|
… Spesso giungeva a presentarsi a pranzo con dieci giovanotti, o anche di più, tutti nel pieno delle forze e dediti al mestiere del sesso; trascorreva l’intera notte a letto con tutti i commensali, e quando erano giunti tutti allo stremo, quella passava ai loro servitori, che potevano essere una trentina; s’accoppiava con ciascuno di loro, ma neppure così riusciva a soddisfare la sua lussuria».
Gli autori di trattati storici dell’età presente riducono il peso di quanto affermato da Procopio, dal momento che lo stesso era consigliere e segretario di Belisario e nel tempo in cui il famoso generale, nel corso della «guerra gotica», perse il favore e la protezione di Giustiniano I, pressappoco dal 540 d.C., anche la carriera di Procopio si arrestò bruscamente e rovinosamente. Inoltre Procopio apparteneva a una famiglia aristocratica e di conseguenza non vedeva di buon occhio le origini modeste di Teodora.
|Auriga della fazione degli “Azzurri”. Palazzo Massimo.|
La giovane Teodora in poco tempo attirò l’attenzione di Giustiniano, di venti anni più anziano. Impressionandolo per la sua beltà, la ragazza ebbe in un primo tempo una relazione amorosa non ufficiale con Giustiniano, sebbene questo già le procurò l’acesa al rango di patrizia. In quel momento i due amanti erano in stretti rapporti con il raggruppamento dell’ippodromo degli «Azzurri», avendo fatto ottenere loro l’impunibilità per gli atti delittuosi.
|L’imperatore Giustiniano I|
Una questione spinosa, che Giustiniano e Teodora dovettero affrontare, fu la diffusione in Siria ed Egitto del monofisismo: la dottrina eretica affermatasi nel secolo V, che negava la duplice natura, divina e umana, di Gesù Cristo riconoscendogli solo quella divina. Le due province sopra menzionate erano floride economicamente e aspiravano ad avere una maggiore autonomia. Per contro Giustiniano, desideroso di essere il novello Costantino, da un lato fece di tutto per riconquistare l’Occidente perduto e in mano ai barbari, dall’altro in Oriente frenò fortemente l’espansione del monofisismo e le forze centrifughe (sebbene questa operazione consentisse con più facilità cento anni dopo la conquista della Siria e dell’ Egitto da parte degli islamici). Importantissimo fu il compito che si prefisse la sovrana. Difese sempre i monofisiti (li teneva celati in modo che non fossero trovati e fermava i processi nei quali erano imputati. Si racconta anche che nascose un individuo appartenente ad un ordine religioso monofisita per dodici lunghi anni in un ambiente appartato, facente parte degli appartamenti in cui vivevano le donne nel palazzo imperiale), essendo lei stessa monofisita, conservando l’unità dello Stato, sebbene diverse province avessero tendenze centrifughe. Permise che nell’impero coabitassero pacificamente ortodossi (definiti pure duofisiti) e monofisiti. Proprio per placare le accese discussioni in campo religioso, Giustiniano pubblicò e rese operativo l’«editto dei Tre Capitoli», nel quale si approvava quanto detto dai duofisiti e monofisiti sulla qualità intrinseca e costitutiva di Cristo.
|Cortigiane di Teodora. Ravenna.|
Si narra anche che l’imperatrice, negli anni giovanili quando interpretava una parte negli spettacoli teatrali, partorì un figlio (al quale gli fu dato il nome di Giovanni) di cui non ammise mai l’esistenza. Lo stesso visse in Arabia con il padre, senza mai venire a conoscenza di chi fosse la genitrice.
L’attore, che sapeva suscitare l’ilarità del pubblico, Antonio De Curtis, meglio conosciuto con il nome di Totò, riteneva di discendere dal casato dei Comneni di Bisanzio e reputava la «zia» Teodora una prostituta. Il cantautore Francesco Guccini, nella sua composizione per canto e strumenti «Bisanzio», parla di Giustiniano I e della sua sposa in questo modo: «Di questo imperatore sposo di puttana».
BIBLIOGRAFIA
H.G. BECK, Lo storico e la sua vittima. Teodora e Procopio, Laterza, Bari 1988;
P. CESARETTI, Teodora. Ascesa di un’Imperatrice, Mondadori, Milano 2001;
C. DIEHL, Figure bizantine, Einaudi, Torino 2007;
E. GIBBON, Storia della decadenza e caduta dell’ impero romano, Einaudi, Torino 1967;
G. OSTROGORSKY, Storia dell’ impero bizantino, Einaudi, Torino 2005.
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Gordon Doherty è uno scrittore scozzese di r...<|endoftext|>“Today we are going to explore equal groups.” Flash (for about 3 seconds) a set of 12 chips arranged in 3 groups of 4. Ask students, “How many chips did you see?” Ask children to share how they figured out how many chips they saw. Try the process again, but this time have 6 groups of 2. If students are still trying to count by 1s after a few tries, continue using the set of 12 or 14 arranged in different ways.
Take out the dot cards (M-2-4-1_Dot Cards.docx) for 2s and the class number line (M-2-4_Number Line.docx). Place each dot card down as you point on the number line (or draw your jumps). Say, “Let’s see how many groups of 2 we have. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20.” Then ask, “What do you notice about what happened on the number line each time I placed a dot card down. What do you notice about the numbers you see?”
Repeat these steps using the dot cards for 3s. If students need more practice you can continue the process with 4s and 5s.
Explain to students that they will be working in pairs to practice counting equal groups. Show students the sets of dot cards each partner group will get (sets of 2s, 3s, 4,s or 5s). (If you have done a lot of work with ten-frames, encourage students to place cards out with 5 on top and 5 on the bottom similar to a ten-frame.) Have another student model the activity with you. One partner will grab anywhere from 2 cards to the total number of cards they each have. They will begin by placing them face up and asking, “How many dots? How do you know your answer is correct?” (I know my answer is correct because I counted 3 rows, each row had 3, and that makes 9 all together.) Once both partners are fluent, they can then turn the dot cards face down and place them out, asking each time, “How many dots?” The only difference here is that students will not be able to actually count the dots. For example, if a partner group is working with a set of dot cards for 3s, and they put 4 cards face down, they should know that this means 12 dots are hidden. Students will record their progress on the self-evaluation I Can sheet (M-2-4-1_I Cans.docx).
- Routine 1: Flash equal groups on the overhead or document camera. Ask students “How many dots/shoes/etc.? How do you know your answer is correct?”
- Routine 2: When you have a few minutes (transition times, before or after lunch, etc.) play the game Cherry Pie to reinforce the concept of skip-counting. (This game is a lot like the spelling game Sparkle.)
Students will sit in a circle. Choose the number students will count by (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, or 100) and the starting/ending number (__ to __). One student will say the first number; then the next student will say the next number in the sequence. Continue until you reach the last number. For example, tell students to count by 5s from 5 to 100. The first student will say “5,” the person next to him/her will say “10,” and so on around the circle (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100). The next student after the student who says “100” will say “Cherry Pie,” and the next student after that is out. (If you prefer that students don’t go “out,” you can have the student who said “Cherry Pie” do a challenge to stay in the game.)
This game can be used to practice counting by any number.
- Small Group: Students can continue to practice equal groups by rolling a number cube two times. The first roll represents the number of dots, and the second roll would represent the number of groups.
- Expansion: When students are confident, you can work with them while flashing the dot cards to see how they figure out how many dots.<|endoftext|>Army of the Shenandoah
The Army of the Shenandoah was an army of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War; it was organized to defend the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the early months of the war. The army was transferred to reinforce the Confederate Army of the Potomac at the First Battle of Bull Run, which was its only major action. After the battle, the army was merged into the Army of the Potomac.
The Army of the Shenandoah originated with
the various militia and volunteer companies sent to seize and defend the town of
Harpers Ferry, Virginia (modern day West Virginia). To organize and train the
companies, Virginia state commander Robert E. Lee initially appointed Thomas J.
Jackson to command the post. Jackson formed five regiments of infantry and a
battery of artillery from the various companies, forming the basis of the
Stonewall Brigade. On May 15, Joseph E. Johnston replaced Jackson as commander
of Harpers Ferry and continued to receive additional regiments from throughout
the Confederacy. He would eventually have four brigades of infantry and an
independent regiment of cavalry, the 1st Virginia Cavalry commanded by J. E. B.
In mid-June, forces from the Union Department of Pennsylvania, commanded by Robert Patterson, began moving south towards Harpers Ferry. Fearing that the terrain around the town made it indefensible, Johnston had the bridges and as much equipment in the town as possible destroyed and retreated south to Winchester; Patterson remained along the Potomac River rather than pursue Johnston. Over the next few weeks, both forces watched each other, only engaging in battle once, at Falling Waters on July 2. After spending almost two weeks waiting on the Potomac and receiving reinforcements, Patterson started advancing towards Winchester but had moved only 5 miles (8.0 km) before encountering Stuart's regiment screening Johnston's army. Patterson halted again and consulted his officers, who advised caution; this advice, along with the refusal of several regiments which were due for mustering out to remain any longer, convinced Patterson to cancel the advance. This allowed Johnston to follow orders he received on July 18 to transfer his army to reinforce P. G. T. Beauregard's Army of the Potomac at Manassas Junction. The movement started that evening, with each brigade marching to Piedmont where it boarded a train for Manassas Junction. Since there was only one train on the Manassas Gap Railroad, the brigades arrived one at a time; the artillery and cavalry marched overland. The final units of Johnston's army arrived on the afternoon of July 21.
Since he was senior to Beauregard, Johnston had command over the two armies present. Before Johnston arrived at Manassas, Beauregard had drawn up plans for an attack on the Union army of Irvin McDowell across Bull Run on July 21, using brigades from both armies, and Johnston approved the plan, allowing Beauregard to issue the necessary orders in his name. However, the orders were vague and contradictory, which confused the brigade commanders and prevented the attack from taking place. On the morning of July 21, McDowell launched his own attack on the Confederate left wing, defended by one of Beauregard's brigades. As the battle escalated in the area of Matthews Hill and Henry House Hill, additional Confederate brigades were moved to the left flank. Eventually, all four of Johnston's brigades and four out of Beauregard's eight brigades were engaged in this area. It was while defending Henry House Hill that Jackson received his nickname of "Stonewall", which also became the name of his brigade.
After the battle Johnston's and Beauregard's commands were consolidated into the Department of Northern Virginia, with their merged army using the name "Army of the Potomac"; Johnston retained command of the army, with Beauregard remaining as second in command until his transfer to the western theater.
General Joseph Eggleston Johnston (U. S. M. A. 1829) was born in Cherry Grove, near Farmville, Virginia, February 8, 1807. He served in the Black Hawk, Seminole, and Mexican wars, in the last of which he was twice severely wounded. He resigned his rank of brigadier-general to enter the Confederate service on April 20, 1861, and was given the rank of general in August. He was in command at Harper's Ferry after May 24th, and headed the Army of the Shenandoah. He brought his troops to Manassas and superseded Beauregard in the command, at Bull Run, joining his force to the Army of the Potomac. In command of the Army of Northern Virginia, he was severely wounded at Fair Oaks. In November, 1862, he was assigned to the head of the Department of Tennessee, but outside of an attempt to reliev Pemberton at Vicksburg in May, 1863, he saw no active service until he assumed command of the Army of Tennessee in December, 1863. He opposed Sherman during the Atlanta campaign of 1864, being superseded by General Hood on July 18th. His strategy was much criticised at the time, but it is now recognized that he displayed great ability during the campaign. In February, 1865, he was again given command of the Army of Tennessee, and attempted to prevent Sherman's advance through the Carolinas. Johnston's capitulation was agreed upon near Durham's Station, North Carolina, April 26, 1865. He was United States commissioner of railroads from 1885 to 1889. He died in Washington, March 21, 1891.<|endoftext|>Tag Archives: deforestation
For the eco-conscious citizen who already recycles, conserves water, and turns out the lights but wants to do more to help the planet.
The mechanisms behind emerging diseases are often poorly understood, and the path forward towards recovery is often unclear. Is it possible to effectively fight wildlife epidemics and save endangered species?
Carbon sequestration is a powerful argument for wide-scale reforestation. But does reforestation with an agenda pose a danger to the future of forest biodiversity?
Bhutan’s overarching commitment to sustainable progress is the backbone for one of the greatest conservation success stories of our time.
Deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon have plummeted 80% in the last decade thanks to the establishment of new protected areas, satellite monitoring of deforestation, cooperation by agricultural industries, and international contributions.<|endoftext|>Forte Lancaster
Il forte Lancaster, un in una serie di forti eretti lungo la frontiera di Texas occidentale, è situato nella Valle del Fiume Pecos, lungo Insenatura di Quercia Viva, in contea di Crockett, Texas, gli Stati Uniti. Il forte fu istituito dal capitano Stephen Decatur Carpenter il 20 agosto 1855, per sorvegliare le provviste militari, le spedizioni commerciali e gli immigranti che si muovono lungo la San-Antonio-El Paso Stradale. Il sito di 82 acri, adesso gestito dal Texas la Commissione Storica come Stato di forte Lancaster il Sito Storico, contiene le rovine di ventinove edifici che hanno completato il forte e un centro di visitatore con un museo sull'eredità del forte.
Storia
Quando fu inizialmente costruito in agosto 1855 come Camp Lancaster, gli edifici furono ripari semplici coperti con tela. Un breve periodo del tempo più tardi le parti prefabbricate di edifici modulari sperimentali, “Turnley militare degli Stati Uniti le Villette Portatili”, furono tirate da vagone dal railhead in San Antonio ed erette nel sito. Camp Lancaster diventò il forte Lancaster il 21 agosto 1856. Per il 1858 alloggiò approssimativamente 150 uomini, un ufficiale comandante e un ufficiale per ciascuna delle società H e K della Prima Fanteria degli Stati Uniti. La società H lasciò il forte il 12 aprile 1859 per prendere il posto a forte Stockton, in direzione al nordovest. Per il 1860 la maggior parte degli edifici furono fatti di
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、使用吸污车清运淤泥，对于管道内剩余少量的淤泥再次向井室内用高压水射流冲击井底淤泥，并再一次进行稀释，然后直到全部抽吸完成；
4、通常可以设置堵口将自上而下的个工作段处用封堵，就留下该段管道的进水口和出水口就可以了；
5、再使用高压清洗车进行管道疏通时，将高压清洗车水带伸入上游检查井低部，并把喷水口向着管道流水方向对准管道进行喷水，检查污水管道下游井继续对室内淤泥进行吸污工作；
6、要不断使大气中的氧气进入管道中或用鼓风机进行换气通风，并测量井室内氧气的含量，施工人员进入井内必需佩戴带；
7、施工前相关管理人员必须对施工人员进行措施培训并考核，后检查井内剩余的砖、石、部分淤泥等残留物，安排人工进行清理，直到全部清理完成，管道畅通为止。
介绍下污水管道疏通清淤有哪些注意事项：
市政管道内部空间小，空气流动较慢，可能存在大量易燃、易爆和有毒有害的气体，对污水管道进行清理和清淤过程中一定要注意操作，尤其是需要人工进入管道时，尤其需要遵守规则。包括以下几个方面：
(1) 进入污水井或污水管道作业的工人必须要系有带，以防不测危险。
(2) 排污管道清理清淤属于有限空间作业，必须遵守《有限空间作业管理规范》中相关条例。
(3) 在污水管道和污水井周围不得吸烟，也不得使用任何其它明火，放着易燃气体燃烧引起爆炸，在井内操作时也应注意避免摩擦或碰撞引起火星。
(4) 由于管道中可能存在大量易燃、易爆和有毒有害的气体，在进行清理前要对将清理管道进行充分通风换气，确保有害气体排出，并确保管道中拥有足够的氧气。使用毒性气体测量仪测试至少五分钟，五分钟内都在爆炸极限的四分之一约（100PPM）以下，使用测氧仪测5分钟以上，5分钟内需要氧气含量都在18%以上。并且注意淤泥中暗藏的有毒气体。
市政管网疏通的实际全过程叙述
一、工程施工以前要先开展当场摸查，探明管路及污水检查井沉积阻塞的状况、出水量状况，而且找到每条路面污水管道的上中下游，先从排水管道主管下手淤泥处理输通，随后再清除阻塞比较严重的支管路，终清除其他的支管路。 二、管道疏通清淤的那时候，自上下游向中下游清除清淤下水道，以防止上下游来水导致管路再次沉积。对于出水量很大的管路，在管路上下游临时堵漏，那样有益于工程施工。堵漏后要常常留意堵漏口上下游流水生长量，如果管路蓄满水时马上通告工作人员返回地面开启堵漏口，将水排掉，以防止废水上溢地面而导致欠佳的危害。
三、将废水排掉后再次堵漏，工作人员然后下井工程施工，选用此方式循环系统工程施工。
四、在污水检查井淤泥处理以前，需先开启雨污水检查井下水井盖，让井内的有害物质蒸发释放出来完。在工作以前，工作人员要选用引燃焟烛或微生物方式检测矿井含氧量，只能超过检测标准时能够下人工作 。因为污水检查井内室内空间窄小，得用短把铁锨在井内铲泥，将灰桶运输至井上并倒进罐车，运到特定土场。
五、阻塞的管路得用管道清淤机输通，待输通以后再用高压水泵不断清洗管路，使脏物污泥等注入污水检查井内沉定，终由人工服务清除出来。管道清淤机是由柴油发电机出示开关电源的。在清除完1个道路以后，用高压水泵清洗看一遍收深水井、污水检查井等，将不易清除整洁的碎土、小工具及不容易清除的地区清洗整洁，以保证完全管道疏通清淤 。
六、清除结束以后，现场清理工作。
版权所有：陕西驿腾环宇环保有限公司(咸阳分公司)（ID：31358733） 技术支持：帅国莉
第5年<|endoftext|>如果这些大牌艺术家也用交友软件
包括Tinder在内的众多网上交友软件改变了人们恋爱的方式。它们创造了一个人类集市，爱情就像买卖一样，可以在你的指尖下做出决定。
浪漫、爱情以及性爱为各个时代的艺术家们提供了创作的灵感。那么，你最喜欢的艺术家将怎样在手机屏幕上“出售"自己呢？我们做出了以下的想象：
罗伯特·梅普尔索普（Robert Mapplethorpe）
我与人做爱的时候会忘记自我。有时候我会忘记自己是个人。这就和我执掌照相机的时候一样。我忘记了自己的存在。当你做爱的时候，应该有三者参与其中——你，另外一个人，以及魔鬼。
弗里达·卡罗（Frida Kahlo）
昨天晚上，我感到自己受到了许多天使的眷顾，就像你的手指和亲吻遍布了我的全身一样。我尝试着与你接近，去感受到你无与伦比的温柔、以及触碰你所带来的愉悦。我要给你涂上最美的颜色，我要吻你，我要我们的梦想世界变为一体。如果你感觉痛苦，我会用自己的温柔来抚慰你。
乔治·巴塞利兹（Georg Baselitz）
女人不会画画。这是事实。但是你要知道，我确实喜欢女人。对，我一直沐浴在爱情之中。
让-米切尔·巴斯奎特（Jean-Michel Basquiat）
翠西·艾敏（Tracey Emin）
很多我的同龄人已经精疲力竭。我正好相反。很多男人在40多岁的时候到达事业高峰。但是女性则一直在前进。这就和性一样。男人只会射精，而女人则会一波一波的高潮不断。
谢德庆
我并不是受虐狂。我不强调痛苦。我们可以谈论痛苦，但是我们必须还要谈论自由。我们可以谈论自由，但同时也必须要谈论规则。很多事情都是相关的。
玛丽娜·阿布拉莫维奇（Marina Abramovic）
开始的时候，男人会为你着迷，但是在这段关系的发展中，他们会竭尽所能地改变你。现在，我在想，我是不是应该找只乌龟什么的，我不知道，但是，也许即使是这样也会让我头大。
草间弥生（Yayoi Kusama）
如果只能有一个波卡点的话，那真是什么事情都做不了。
杰夫·昆斯（Jeff Koons）
当我想到“美"这个字眼的时候，我会想到阴道……或者屁股。
译：Joe Zhu
下一篇 人物 文章
玛丽娜·阿布拉莫维奇让你吃惊的9件趣闻Proceed<|endoftext|>太阳会一直为太阳系中的生命提供能量，并一直到这些生命的消亡之日吗？答案并不是。宇宙中充满着各种已经消亡和即将消亡的恒星，而太阳就是其中一颗正在燃烧自己寿命的恒星。
科学家们预测：在50亿年后，太阳最终会膨胀成一颗红色巨星，届时，人类未来会和太阳一起共存亡吗？还是在50亿年后已经有了其他更好的选择？
太阳在宇宙中的地位
人类赖以生存的地球离不开太阳的能量供给，如今的太阳系在宇宙中已经诞生了46亿年，如果太阳系中没有了太阳无私的散发光和热，地球上所有的生命将不复存在。
1. 什么是太阳系
太阳系形成于46亿年前一场巨型星际分子云的引力坍缩。太阳系以恒星太阳的引力为主导，以及围绕其公转自转的一个完整的天体系统。
2. 太阳的寿命
根据科学家们的推测，太阳的寿命并不是永恒的，它的寿命大约有100亿年。根据推测，太阳在未来的50亿年内其核心可能会慢慢缩小，整体会逐渐膨胀成一个红巨星，膨胀至一定程度后就会再次收缩变成白矮星，并最终以行星状星云结束这短暂的一生。
而死亡的恒星会被气体和尘埃包裹，并最终被带到宇宙中的某一处未知的角落。
3. 太阳与地球的生态系统
地球上的植物离不开太阳进行光合作用；
各种细菌、菌类离不开太阳光照进行分解；
人类和动物也离不开太阳，在黑暗中的一切生物会因为缺少生命必备元素而死亡。整个生态系统的正常运行和太阳有着密不可分的关系。
4. 太阳晚期时地球将遭受氦闪危害
水能载舟亦能覆舟，太阳系为生命提供了养分，但是如果太阳来到了它的生命晚期，就会发生氦闪。氦闪是一种剧烈的天体生命晚期活动，它的出现意味着因它延续的生态系统将不复存在。
这是因为太阳散发的光和热来源于它内部的核聚变，这些恒星上的氢元素会因核聚变而转变为氦元素。太阳的亮度每10亿年会增加10%左右，到时候地球会越来越热，而积攒到一定程度后就会在消亡时发生氦闪。
氦闪的危害在于一瞬间能释放极大的能量，能量产生的强光会对地球的生态系统造成不可磨灭的损毁，海洋被蒸发殆尽，动植物死伤惨重，整个生态系统再也无法修复，仿佛人间炼狱，而人类将彻底消失。
宇宙还有第二个太阳系吗
既然太阳有终结之日，那么宇宙中还有第二个太阳系供人类延续生命吗？
人类科技发展至今，不断在各种星球寻找可能存在的生命体。在2017年12月15日，美国宇航局就宣布了在一个恒星周围发现有8颗行星组成的行星系统，它是一个和太阳系十分类似的恒星系，它就是在2545光年之外，名为“开普勒90”(Kepler-90)的恒星，其周围有着和地球同样数量的行星，曾发现的两颗行星被命名为开普勒80g和开普勒90i。其中的开普勒80g的系外行星大小与地球类似。
作为宇宙中人类发现的第二个太阳系，它会成为人类将来的避难所吗？目前已知该星系的主星体积、质量都较小，但是却和太阳一样能给其他的行星提供光热，甚至离主星最近的行星上真的有外星生命存在。
畅想人类的未来
如果人类在太阳消逝之际还在地球上繁衍，那么人类最终将何去何从呢？真的会像《流浪地球》里那样，推着地球在茫茫宇宙中奔赴第二个太阳系吗？
也有可能还没等到太阳消亡的那一天，人类就已经灭亡了。而50亿年的时间，人类航空科技可能已经出神入化，人类在这50亿年间完成了高级进化，太阳系已经无法限制人类的生命繁衍了。
搞事情!那些不能说的秘密都在这里 关注公众号：科普Room<|endoftext|>Adattare l’insegnamento della lingua per la presenza di dislessici in classe non significa limitare i contenuti ma piuttosto utilizzare strategie diverse che, pur mirate al soddisfacimento delle esigenze degli studenti linguisticamente più deboli, potenziano le abilità di tutto il gruppo classe.
Per procedere alla identificazione delle strategie più efficaci è necessario tenere presente che molti studenti potenzialmente dislessici non sono diagnosticati ma semplicemente etichettati come distratti, pigri o svogliati e che questo disordine si manifesta in alunni con un grado di intelligenza spesso superiore alla norma in aree diverse da quella linguistica. Va ricordato che le differenze tra una persona dislessica ed una non dislessica si manifestano principalmente nell’apprendimento dell’abilità della lettura e della scrittura e che tali differenze non sono particolarmente visibili; infine l’invisibilità del problema può essere acuita dalle caratteristiche fonologiche dell’italiano.
Considerando la situazione nel nostro paese, è molto importante leggere e valutare i diversi suggerimenti dei ricercatori di altri paesi, in particolare di lingua inglese, ed adattare tali idee alle concrete e diverse necessità degli studenti che incontriamo nella realtà delle nostre classi. Ricordiamo che, ad esempio, nei paesi di lingua inglese l’incidenza di dislessici è di quasi il venti per cento della popolazione e le difficoltà che gli studenti anglofoni incontrano già nella lingua madre sono marcate.
Negli Stati Uniti la ricerca sulla dislessia si è sviluppata partendo proprio dalla constatazione che un elevato numero di studenti universitari, brillanti in tutte le discipline, sembravano incapaci di apprendere una lingua straniera. L’incongruità della situazione portò i ricercatori alla constatazione che molti studenti, classificati come disabili, avevano semplicemente difficoltà di lettura, un deficit esclusivamente limitato all’area della elaborazione fonologica che è il segno della carenza di una coscienza della struttura sonora delle parole. Gli studi sistematici condotti nei decenni successivi hanno portato i ricercatori americani alla conclusione che gli studenti con deboli abilità nella lingua madre ottengono risultati scadenti nella lingua straniera a causa delle scarse abilità espressive, fonologiche ed ortografiche nella lingua madre e già dagli anni ’90 veniva consigliato un approccio all’insegnamento della lingua straniera che fornisse un’istruzione diretta dei sistemi fonologici, ortografici e sintattici della nuova lingua per compensare tali carenze già presenti nella lingua madre. L’approccio multisensoriale strutturato in maniera sequenziale utilizzato per insegnare le lingue straniere (la lettura e la scrittura in particolare) nei paesi anglosassoni ha dato risultati molto soddisfacenti poiché, confrontando i dati relativi a vari gruppi esposti ad approcci differenti, coloro che avevano fruito di quello multisensoriale ne avevano beneficiato fortemente conseguendo risultati di gran lunga superiori a quelli di studenti che avevano seguito corsi tradizionali. I progressi realizzati nell’apprendimento della lingua straniera dagli studenti a rischio grazie ad un’istruzione mirata erano visibili e riflessi anche nella lingua madre e si riscontrava un atteggiamento positivo nei confronti della lingua straniera.
Anna Chiarenza – Vittoria Coniglione
4 commenti su “I RAGAZZI DISLESSICI E LE LINGUE STRANIERE”
ciao,
ma se ti do l’email del professore di inglese di mio cugino, a cui la dislessia è stata diagnosticata, gliele diciamo due paroline!?!?!?
la dislessia non è poi molto più grave di un sacco di altre cose, della miopia ad esempio (sono forse ottimista?).
ma se in un caso basta mettersi gli occhiali nell’altro uno sforzo va fatto anche dai professori e dalle istituzioni, ed ecco che il problema viene aggravato dalla loro riluttanza, ma sarebbe meglio dire aggressiva opposizione in certi casi, a fare uno sforzo in più.
è il caso di mio cugino , ma non solo, che poi frustrato dal continuo insuccesso e dai continui rimproveri -oltre a trovarsi in un età in cui le priorità sono altre e il desiderio di affrancarsi cerca difficilmente di convivere con la necessità di trovare guide adeguate – sviluppa una serie di resistenze ancora più marcate al migliorare.
per non parlare di altri bambini assolutamente osteggiati dai maestri per le loro difficoltà (difficoltà di chi? dei maestri o dei bambini? e chi è che ne paga le conseguenze comunque?)
ok, botta di sfogo, ma finisco sul tuo blog e questo è il primo articolo che leggo in un momento in cui sono uscite in famiglia tutte queste storie.
Ciao Andrea, ti capisco, purtroppo. Continua a leggere e a informarti, e sostieni la “lotta” di tutti quelli che vogliono migliorare la qualità della vita dei dislessici. Hai firmato la petizione online? Se vuoi la trovi qui: http://rossellagrenci.wordpress.com/come-e-fatto-il-mio-blog/aderisci-alle-campagne-sociali-o-firma-gli-appelli/
Ciao
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mechanism.
之前的joint mode只是描述了意图和槽任务之前晦涩的关系，但是本篇论文描述了二者之间明确的关系（因为槽高度依赖意图）。
二、Models
1. Attention-Based RNN Model
1.1 Slot Filling without gate
其实就是针对每个隐藏状态（前后向拼接）进行self attention，但是在简单的数据集比如AITS上，SF增加attention效果没有太大的提升。
1.2 Intent Prediction
这里的attention不用于上面的，这里更简单，不用每两个隐藏状态进行交互，这里只得到一个最终的attention加权和。
2. Slot-Gated Mechanism
其实就是将ID的attention和SF的attention进行交互（SF不加attention的话就用隐藏状态，见Figure2b）得到g，然后让g作为SF的attention的权重，最终受益的是SF。
3. Joint Optimization
极大似然，梯度上升。
三、Refs
paper/reading1
一、Contributions
对抗性训练方法，用于学习可以跨多个域共享的共同特征和表示。
二、Models
1.Bi-LSTM Slot Filling Model
BiLSTM的每个时间步的前后向拼接的隐藏状态，然后接入MLP（全连接层），通过softmax得到概率，代价函数为交叉熵函数。
2. Domain Adversarial Learning
2.1 Attention Domain Classifier
简单的self attention, 将每个时间步的隐藏状态（前后向拼接）通过激活函数g得到新的值，然后所有的时间步进行softmax得到权值，最终拿这些权值和对应的隐藏状态（前后向拼接）得到加权和，进行分类。
2.2 Adversarial Training
代价函数交叉熵函数。更新θd最小化域分类的交叉熵损失；更新θs生成maximize domain classification confusion的句子表达。
3. Joint Optimization
slot filling阶段：分别预训练domain-specific和domain-general Bi-LSTM，仅在输出层来优化全连接参数。
三、Refs
paper/reading1
一、基于单语义文档表达的深度学习模型
利用深度学习的方法生成一个文档的高维度稠密向量，得到两个文档的表达之后，通过计算这两个向量之间的相似度便可输出两者的匹配度。
1.基于全连接神经网络(DSSM)
【CIKM-2013】Learning Deep Structured Semantic Models for Web Search using Clickthrough Data
- 优点：字向量作为输入既可以减少切词的依赖，又可以提高模型的泛化能力；
- 缺点：采用词袋模型（BOW），因此丧失了语序信息和上下文信息。
【CKIM-2014】A Latent Semantic Model with Convolutional-Pooling
Structure for Information Retrieval
- 优点：CNN-DSSM 通过卷积层提取了滑动窗口下的上下文信息，又通过池化层提取了全局的上下文信息，上下文信息得到较为有效的保留；
- 缺点：由于滑动窗口（卷积核）大小的限制，导致无法捕获间隔较远的上下文信息。
SEMANTIC MODELLING WITH LONG-SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
4.小结
- 优点
- (1)将文本映射为一个简洁的表达，便于储存；
- (2)匹配的计算速度快，可以和一些加速方法如位置敏感哈希（locality sensitive hashing，LSH）；
- (3)模型可以用大量无监督的数据进行预训练，尤其是在匹配监督数据很少的时候，用大量文本进行预训练是相当有效的方法。
- 缺点
- (1)首先，很多匹配问题不具备传递性（例如问答系统中问题和答案的位置不能互换），因此不适合用一个度量空间（参数相同的神经网络）来描述；
- (2)其次，文本的表示学习本身是非常困难的问题，只有效捕捉与描述对匹配有用的局部化（细节）信息。
二、基于多语义文档表达的深度学习模型
综合考虑文本的局部性表达（词，短语等）和全局性表达（句子）．这类模型不仅会考虑两段文本最终的表达向量的相似程度，也会生成局部的短语或者更长的短语的表达进行匹配．这样多粒度的匹配可以很好地补充基于单语义文档表达的深度学习模型在压缩整个句子过程中的信息损失，而达到更好的效果。
1.可伸展递归自动编码器(uRAE)
【NIPS-2011】Dynamic Pooling and Unfolding Recursive Autoencoders for Paraphrase Detection
【ACL-2015】MultiGranCNN: An Architecture for General Matching of Text Chunks on Multiple Levels of Granularity
【AAAI-2016】A Deep Architecture for Semantic Matching with Multiple Positional Sentence Representations
- 优点：Bi-LSTM使得每个句子都可以看做是由不同中心词产生的多个视角表达的集合，解决了LSTM存在位置偏见，会倾向于离当前位置之前较近的单词。
4.小结
- 优点
- (1)细粒度的表达带来了更丰富的信息；
- (2)可以进行大量无监督的预训练,解决数据量少的问题。
- 缺点
- (1)可伸展循环自动编码器模型依赖于 一个给定的句法树，而句法树算法自身准确性不高，因此算法鲁棒性不足；
- (2)无法区分不同上下文中局部化信息的重要性，在语言多义的挑战下，很难将局部化信息与全局化信息进行有效地整合利用；
- (3)匹配不仅仅是一元的一一对应，而且是有层次、 有结构的，分别从两个对象单独提取特征，很难捕获匹配中的结构信息。
三、直接建模匹配模式的深度学习模型
区别以关注文本表达（局部化或者全局化）为核心的思路，直接建模匹配模式的深度学习模型旨在直接捕获匹配的特征：匹配的程度和匹配的结构．这样更接近匹配问题的本质，也更加契合人们面对两段文本进行匹配分析的方法．当进行两段文本的匹配时，我们会先看是不是有匹配的关键词，然后再看关键词之间的相对位置是不是匹配的，最后整合整个句子的意思给两段文本匹配的程度进行打分．实验显示这些模型能在相对复杂的问题上表现更为优秀。
1.主题深度匹配模型(DeepMatch)
【NIPS-2013】A Deep Architecture for Matching Short Texts
- 缺点：采用词袋，忽略了词在句子中的顺序，DSSM亦如此。
2.树深度匹配模型(DeepMatch tree)
【IJCAI-2015】Syntax-based Deep Matching of Short Texts
3.卷积网络深度匹配模型(ARC-II)
【NIPS-2014】Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Matching Natural Language Sentences
- 优点：型考虑了句子中词的顺序，从而可以对两个句子的匹配关系进行相对完整的描述；
- 缺点：还缺乏对于细微匹配关系的捕捉。
4.MatchPyramid
【AAAI-2016】Text Matching as Image Recognition
- 特点：第1层卷积中学到类似于n-gram和n-term的匹配层面的特征，而后的卷积层将底层的n-gram和n-term信号进行组合，最终经过全连接得到句子之间的相似度．已经能够达到十分好的效果。
5.Match-SRNN
【IJCAI-2016】Match-SRNN: Modeling the RecursiveMatching Structure with Spatial RNN
- 特点：实验表明，对于结构性明显的数据，例如自动问答数据，该模型有明显的提升。
6.小结
- 优点：从模型的输入开始两段文本就进行了交互，得到细粒度的匹配信息，这样的好处在于保持细粒度的匹配信息，避免在一段文本抽象成一个表达时，细节的匹配信息丢失；
- 缺点：
- (1)需要大量的有监督的文本匹配的数据训练，没法通过无监督的文本进行预训练；
- (2)预测的时候资源消耗较大，每一对文档都得完全通过一遍网络，没法像基于单
语义文档表达或者多语义文档表达的模型可以离线计算好每个文本的特征，预测的时候直接利用算好的特征，并增量地计算新来的文本．因此这类模型一般都是用于类似问答系统、翻译模型、对话系统这种语义匹配程度高、句式变化复杂的任务中。
四、Refs
深度文本匹配综述
DSSM算法-计算文本相似度<|endoftext|>Rolf Hönger، نایب رئیس هیئت مدیره بنیاد، رئیس منطقه LatAm در Roche Pharma، و از زمان آغاز به کار بخشی از Movement Health بوده است، گفت: “زمانی که ما Movement Health را در آمریکای لاتین راه اندازی کردیم، پیش بینی نمی کردیم که یک بیماری همه گیر سیستم های مراقبت های بهداشتی ما را تحت فشار بیشتری قرار دهد، اما یک چیز را می دانستیم: ما باید آنها را برای آینده بشریت تقویت کنیم. رویدادهای گذشته. سه سال نه تنها تعهد ما به آینده ای با مراقبت های بهداشتی قابل دسترس و با کیفیت برای همه را تایید کرد، بلکه بنیاد سلامت حرکت را نیز قوی تر کرد.
“چالش مقابله با بزرگترین مسائل بهداشتی جهان را نمی توان به تنهایی توسط یک سازمان یا شرکت حل کرد، بلکه با استفاده از بینش و توانایی های موسسات پیشرو و شرکای بین صنعتی قابل حل است.” پروفسور آتون که ریاست هیئت امنای بنیاد را برعهده دارد در مورد خاستگاه این جامعه گفت. “بنیاد سلامت جنبش از طریق یک رویکرد مشارکت فراگیر می تواند تفاوت واقعی در مقیاس جهانی ایجاد کند.” او نتیجه گرفت. پروفسور آتون از زمانی که برای اولین بار در آمریکای لاتین به عنوان یک ابتکار یادگیری در سال 2019 راه اندازی شد، با هدف ایجاد سیستم های سلامت پاسخگوتر، انعطاف پذیرتر و عادلانه تر در این منطقه با ترکیب نوآوری دیجیتال و تغییر سیاست ها برای کمک به دستیابی به هدف، بخشی از این بنیاد بوده است. هدف جسورانه تعیین شده توسط سازمان ملل برای کاهش مرگ و میر زودرس ناشی از بیماری های بزرگ تا یک سوم تا سال 2030.
منبع:
اعتبار تصویر: بنیاد سلامت جنبش
Movement Health در کشورهایی مانند شیلی، جایی که کاهش 30 درصدی زمان برای درمان موثر بیماران سرطان ریه به دست آمده است، و پرو، که در آن بهبود چشمگیری در شاخصهای عملکرد کلیدی، بهویژه برای رشد اولیه دوران کودکی و بهرهوری نیروی کار بهداشتی به دست آمده است، موفقیتهای چشمگیری داشته است. بدون نیاز به افزایش هزینه های بودجه به دست آمد. اخیراً گسترش یافته و به یک برنامه جهانی تبدیل شده است که به آفریقا، اروپا و خاورمیانه می رسد، و اکنون، به عنوان یک بنیاد رسمی متشکل از شرکت ها و افراد پیشرو از بخش های مختلف، کار خود را با مشارکت برای کمک موثر به تغییر سیستم های بهداشتی در سراسر جهان تسریع خواهد کرد. جهان
سلامت مهمترین رکن برابری، برابری، کاهش فقر و توسعه جوامع پایدار است. تغییر سیستمیک مراقبت های بهداشتی جزء اصلی هدف بنیاد است. ما می خواهیم سیستم های بهداشتی اثبات شده و یکپارچه در آینده را در سطح جهانی بسازیم. با همکاری در سراسر کشورها و قارهها، هدف ما حل بزرگترین چالشهای سلامت است: بهبود دسترسی برابر به مراقبتهای بهداشتی با کیفیت و کاهش بار بیماری قابل اجتناب.
در حاشیه 76هفتم مجمع جهانی بهداشت، استاد سیستم های بهداشت جهانی دانشگاه هاروارد، رفعت آتون، مؤسسه مطالعات آینده کپنهاگ (CIFS)، مایکروسافت، روشه و زیمنس هلثتینرز گرد هم آمدند تا تشکیل بنیاد سلامت حرکت را اعلام کنند. در حالی که بسیاری از کشورها در سراسر جهان با فشارهای زیادی بر سیستم های مراقبت های بهداشتی خود مواجه هستند، جمعیت ها همچنان در حال رشد هستند، مردم عمر طولانی تری دارند، بیماری های مزمن در حال افزایش هستند و بیماری های عفونی همچنان یک تهدید باقی می مانند، این بنیاد قصد دارد همکاری بین بخش ها را تقویت کند تا در نهایت دسترسی را فراهم کند. مراقبت های بهداشتی با کیفیت برای همه مردم، در حال حاضر و در آینده.<|endoftext|>Carousell在Carousell Media Group Umbrella下带来了品牌
二手市场平台Carousell在Carousell Media Group下组织了它的品牌，为客户提供一站式广告平台。
JJ Eastwood为品牌系列董事总经理说：“每天都有数千万千年千禧年的品牌是我们在Carousell Media Group所做的。超过70％的观众是20至35岁的人，他们通常是一个充满激情社区的一部分，这是我们的平台购买，销售和互相互动。
“这使得Carousell Media Group独特地定位，帮助品牌连接，并更好地了解这一高度追捧的消费者细分市场的购买习惯和态度。”
将坐在雨伞下的品牌包括Carousell，Mudah.My，Cho Tot和Antkyat，该集团在香港，印度尼西亚，马来西亚，缅甸，菲律宾，新加坡，台湾和越南运行。
为什么这很重要？
广告目前是Carousell主要收入流之一，平台在很大程度上的依赖模型上运行。
它建立了预测购买倾向的目标模型，这允许广告商从各种竞选策略中选择。它的内部广告平台允许广告商在最佳品牌知名度活动中或以获得最佳转换活动的倾向，优化其在覆盖范围内的运动。
该平台的库存预先用于新加坡媒体交换（SMX）的媒体买家，提供了用于跨东南亚的高质量受众，包括专门获取高级格式的专业品种。
当它在SMX时，Carousell可以将自己的第一方数据与包括Kaidee和Mudah在内的共同OP中的其他市场相结合，以创造更丰富的受众数据，以便更准确和有效地对广告商定位。
与此同时，该平台与欺诈进行了持续的战斗，它被描述为“像武器比赛一样”和对其广告收入的威胁，因为诈骗者随着平台的行为尽快创新。
Carousell在2月初在许多国家在许多国家在2月初的爆发时，通过将前所未决的决定基于政府设定的价格（可用）或内部开发的基准（在政府未设定价格的国家）。
它还注意到新的可疑活动，因为恐慌会变得猖獗，发现诈骗者迅速在市场上展示了房源，而不会实现买家订单的真正意图。
该平台必须激活其团队频繁扫描市场，并加强了其用户社区的审核率向平台发送到平台，以便它可以采取措施和欺诈性列表，几乎没有延迟。 Carousell还将其内部关键字检测工具配置为在聊天聊天活动中检测到潜在的可疑活动时触发安全提示消息。
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- 研究与分析<|endoftext|>对抗北约威胁？俄军曝“惊人”扩军计划：新建2个军区、2个集团军
俄罗斯《观点报》6日报道称，俄军总参谋部副总参谋长叶夫根尼·布尔金斯基上将日前在俄国防部杂志《俄罗斯军事委员部》上发表文章称，今年俄军将组建1个诸兵种合成集团军、1个空军和防空集团军、1个野战军、亚速海海军军区、5个师、26个旅、莫斯科军区和列宁格勒军区，并为这些部队的组建提供人员保障。俄军事专家认为，俄军此举是为长期对抗北约军事威胁做好准备。
图片说明：苏-35将成为俄军对抗北约的主力机型。
文章称，今年内，俄军将扩编和增加军队员额、在有限时间内落实组织措施等重大任务要求，有组织地完成人员编配、部署、综合保障，各项措施要与主要型号武器、军事和特种技术装备等的交付时限同步落实。目前，军事委员会的主要任务是根据合同选择公民服役，并将新组建的部队合同兵的配备维持在95%-97%的水平。此外，在实施部分动员时，俄军已组建了280多个部队和分队。俄军这一计划表明，俄罗斯正在为与北约的长期对抗和超出“特别军事行动”范围的新紧张局势做准备。
对此，俄罗斯《国防》杂志主编伊戈尔·科罗特琴科称，在增加兵力的同时，俄军还应组建新的部队指挥系统。新部队将纳入相应的指挥机构管辖。考虑到俄罗斯面临新的风险和威胁，新组建的莫斯科军区和列宁格勒军区都将负责相应战略方向的安全，并准备在相应战区展开作战行动。
俄空军特种作战司令部防空导弹部队前指挥官谢尔盖·哈蒂列夫称，组建两个新军区是对10年前解散这两个军区的错误的纠正。叙利亚战争经验和“对乌特别军事行动”表明，这两个军区是强大和有效的部
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ile aldattım. Senden özür dilerim…
Ama beni asıl üzen o kadının benden para istemesi olmuştu.
Bende senin nişan yüzügünü satıp o kadına ilişkinin ücreti olarak ödemiştim.” demiş.
Bunu duyan hanımı hışımla aşağı kata koşturmaya, koştururken de öfkeyle söylenip hayıflanmaya başlar:
-“Vay utanmaz kadın vay. Ben kendisinin kocasından hiç bir şey istemiyorken, o kaltak senden para ister haaa.”<|endoftext|>Daha önce hiç görmediğiniz yeni TV şovları
"Erica olmak"
Bir saatin ilk çeyreğinde, Kanada fantezi drama? Erica olmak? kendini arayan bir kadın hakkında 08/15 bir dizi gibi… O zaman, Erica Strange Dr. Tom: Gizemli terapist onu yaklaşık 15 yıl geçmişe gönderiyor, burada uzun süredir ilk adımlarıyla yüzleşmesi gerekiyor. Erica olmak mı? zaman yolculuğu ve muhafazakar drama arasındaki dengeleme hareketini yönetir, canlandırıcı anlar yaşatır ve ayrıca seksenlerin ve doksanların mükemmel müziklerini de yönetir. En iyi sahnelerden birinde Erica, bilinmeyen Britney Spears şarkısının metnini anlatıyor mu? ... Baby One More Time? Ayrı bir şiir yerine Unitagen'e giderken. Erica olmak mı? henüz Almanya'ya yapmadı, değil mi? Kolay anlaşılır Kanada İngilizcesi? daha ucuz bir ithalat olarak sahip olmak.
"Damages"
Kan lekeli ve rahatsız olmuş ve polis sorgu odasında biten bir kadın; sonra bir kesim ve aynı kadın altı ay önce. ABD’nin “Hasarları” serisinin başlaması bu şekilde başlıyor. ”Hikaye, en prestijli hukuk firmalarından birinin küçük bir avukatı olan Ellen Parsons ve rolüne Altın Küre kazandıran talihsiz patronu Patty Hewes etrafında dönüyor. O kadar karmaşıktır ki, bazen içine bakmak bile iki kez alır. Alman izleyici, geçen yıl zorlu bir seriydi: İlk sezon sonuna kadar gösterilmedi, en azından bir DVD kutusu ya da iTunes olarak gösterildi.
"Cuma Gecesi Işıkları"
Cilalı bir Amerikan hayali yerine normal günlük şehir hayatı :? Friday Night Lights? son on yılın en iyi ABD drama dizilerinden biri. Neler Var: Dillon, Teksas'ta Eric Taylor, sevilen yerel futbol takımı Panthers'ın koçu olarak görev yapıyor. ? FNL? Bir lise takımıyla ilgili olabilir, ancak genç bir diziden uzun bir yoldur ve en büyük dostum bile hızlı bir şekilde yakalanır. Bu en azından ödüllü ekip ve sinema detayları yüzünden değil. Huzursuz kamera çalışması, seyrek aydınlatma ve yakın çekimler biraz alışmaya başlarsa, yakında seriye ve karakterlere özel bir özgünlük kazandırırlar. Dublajlı versiyondaki Teksaslı lehçesi olmasa bile, figürlerin cazibesi neredeyse hiç kaybolmuyor. Almanya'da, ikinci sezon şu anda ödemeli TV kanalı TNT serisinde. İlk sezona başlamak isteyen, onları DVD içe aktarma veya iTunes olarak satın alabilir.
"Metresleri"
Duygusal derinliği olan İngiliz? Metresleri? Dört kız arkadaşının otuzlu yaşantıları ve yalanları. Tüm hikayeler dolandırıcılık, zina, yalan, yanlış ya da hayal kırıklığına uğramış duygularla ilgilidir. İlk bölümden bu dizi mi? yarı tiyatro, yarı gerilim? büyüleyici, en az seçkin ve çekici topluluğu sayesinde. WDR yaz aylarında ilk sezondu. Şovu şu anda izlemek isteyenler, yalnızca İngiltere’den bir İngiliz DVD’si ithal etme şansına sahipler.
"Gerçek Kan"
Birçoğu ABD drama dizisine "True Blood" diyor mu? Alacakaranlık? Yetişkinler için, hit film gibi başarılı bir roman dizisine dayanıyor ve ölümlülerin (Oscar ödüllü Anna Paquin) karmaşık aşk ilişkisinden bir vampire kadar uzanan esnaf. Ama? Gerçek Kan? çok daha fazlası: kana susamış heyecan verici - ve yaratıcı, çünkü dünya vampirleri biliyor ve insanlar yerine öğle yemeği için yapay kan var. En iyisi, ikinci sezonu Şubat ayında 13th Street ödemeli TV istasyonunda Şubat ayında başlayan seri: Güney aksanı rakamlara daha da profil veriyor. Örneğin, birinci sezon şu anda Amazon İngiltere'den ucuz bir şekilde satın alınabiliyor.
"Rafterlere Paketli"
Öte yandan, Avustralya'da "Rafterlere Paketlenmiş" formatı oldukça etkileyici. Grafiği duyduğunuzda neredeyse sıkıcı demek istiyorsunuz: bu, çok başarılı bir mizah ve anlaşılabilir aile drama dengesinde gösterilen kaotik Rafter ailesinin hayatı hakkında. ABD Emmy ödülü olan üç Logie Ödülleri de dahil olmak üzere Avustralya eleştirmenleri tarafından çoktan ödüllendirildi. İngilizce konuşulan ilk sezon Avustralya'dan, örneğin dStore veya eBay yoluyla sipariş edilebilir.
"Californication"
"The X-Files" olarak bilinen aktör David Duchovny, 2008 yılında cinsiyet bağımlılığı tedavisine başlayacağını açıkladığında, Alman "Kaliforniyalaşma" lansmanında kötü bir tanıtım hareketi gibi geldi. Bir drama ve komedi karışımı olan Dramedy serisinde, L.A.s. Almanya'da seri düştü. Açmak için para ödüyor: Başarı yazarı Moody, Lotterleben ile ailesi, kızı Becca ve eski Karen'ı sallıyor.Kelimenin tam anlamıyla seks, uyuşturucu ve rock 'n' roll arasında her zaman ahlaki bir şey duygusu var ve biraz tuhaf üçlü daha fazlası için bağımlıdır. İlk sezon? örneğin Amazon'da zaten çok az paraya sahip ve tekrar görmek için Alman TV kanalı AXN'de Ocak ayında olacak. RTL2 ayrıca 2010'dan itibaren çok eğlenceli ikinci sezonu gösteriyor.
En iyi seriyi nerede bulabilirsin
İngiliz ya da ABD yayıncıları yayın sonrasında seri bölümleri hızlı bir şekilde hazırlıyor - ne yazık ki, yerel izleyiciler için pek bir şey yapmıyor. Zaten Almanya için lisanslı değilse, çoğu yabancı içerik reddedildi mi? seyircilerin ücretini ödemeye hazır olup olmadığına bakılmaksızın. Tek bir ABD bölümünün Amerikan iTunes'da izlenmesi birkaç dolar olsa bile, ne yazık ki, erişim sağlamak için hileler kullanmak zorunda kalmayacaktı. Ve indirmeden sözde akışa kadar tüm diğer seçenekler, yani içeriğin İnternette canlı olarak görüntülenmesi de cezalandırılabilir. Hiçbir şey için değil, DVD kutusu şimdi seri fanlar için bir durum sembolüdür, genellikle tek alternatiftir.
Ancak, döviz kurları ve iyi teklifler sayesinde, İngiltere’den ithalat yapılması şu anda şiddetle tavsiye edilmektedir, ancak Alman altyazıları ile yapmak zorunda değilsiniz. Satın alırken, DVD'lerin hangi bölgesel kodla sağlandıklarına ve DVD oynatıcınızın veya bilgisayarınızın bu bölgesel sınırlamaya rağmen gümüş parçaları çalabilmelerine dikkat edin. Ancak, bazı modern cihazlar kodlamaları artık zorlaştırmamaktadır. Ancak, satın almadan önce iTunes'ta bir göz atmaya değer.
Alman televizyonunda başarılı bir şekilde yayınlanmış veya yayınlanmış bir diziyi kolayca görebilirsiniz. Örneğin, RTL Now'da, bölümlerin başına? CSI? Serisi ve diğer RTL grup şovlarından bölümleri yaklaşık 1,50 ABD Doları karşılığında izleyebilirsiniz. En sonuncusu bir sonrakine kadar ücretsizdir. Serisi gibi? Umutsuz Ev Hanımı? veya dökmeyen? Acil Servis? ProSieben, Sat.1, kabeleins ve bağlı ödemeli TV kanallarının programlarının Almanca veya asıl dilde görüntülenebildiği, izleme başına ödeme platformu Maxdome'de bulabilirsiniz. Bununla birlikte, indirilen bölümleri yalnızca 24 saat ödünç vermek, o zamandan sonra izleyememeleri, hatta küçük fiyatlar oldukça dik. Ek olarak, bu platformlarda sunulan teklifin halen çok sayıda boşluğu var ve 13th Street veya TNT serisi gibi sizin gibi ödemeli yayıncılarda yayınlanan seri çevrimiçi görünmüyor bile.<|endoftext|>Students will be able to write effective lesson plans with clear objectives and appropriate activities and assessments that promote and measure the desired learning for a variety of learners in an English/language arts classroom.
Students will be able to develop a unit plan that shows the ability to integrate all areas of language arts; to correlate unit goals, activities, and assessments; and to show understanding of current best practice.
Students will be able to establish patterns for future professional practices by accessing and evaluating ideas in professional journals and conference presentations.
Context and Assessment
Students will be able to show how context influences good instructional decisions and how a variety of assessments can foster student learning as well as measure it for diverse students.
Students will be develop their ability to improve as teachers in the future by reflecting on their teaching experiences through both talk and writing.
Students will be able to analyze readings to extract main ideas, synthesize readings with their own ideas/experiences and those of others in the classroom, and reach well-supported conclusions.<|endoftext|>Terreno edificabile sovradimensionato: una realtà con cui deve fare i conti anche il Comune di Briga-Glis. In base alla legge sulla pianificazione del territorio riveduta e al nuovo piano direttore cantonale, il Comune dovrà ridurre le proprie zone edificabili. Il Municipio ha pertanto elaborato le «Linee direttive per lo sviluppo territoriale Briga-Glis», sulla base delle quali ha stabilito i principi per lo sviluppo degli insediamenti comunali.
Immagine: Centro città di Briga-Glis<|endoftext|>hanno confermato di biagio che pur avendo, di gran lunga la migliore formazione agli ultimi europei, è uscito nel girone eliminatorio. Si gioca in ungheria contro l'ungheria che credo valutino molto male ma è di fatto la vecchia under 20 che ha fatto molto bene nell'ultimo mondiale di categoria ed ha tutti giocatori che giocano titolari nella massima divisione ungherese che e partita da 4 settimane e quindi con una preparazione decisamente migliore.
1.6/1.65 per italia e decisamente bassa e da bancare +0.75 a 2.07 a me sembra una linea decisamente eccellente visto che molti cambi bloccheranno la partita e il risultato non conta praticamente niente.
vedremo.
un saluto<|endoftext|>CHP'de il kongrelerinin tamamlanmasıyla birlikte kurultaya yönelik hazırlıklar da hızlandı. Atatürk Spor Salonu'nda gerçekleştirilecek kurultayda doğal delegelerle birlikte toplam 1314 delege oy kullanacak. Baykal'ın parti organlarının "çarşaf liste" yerine "blok liste" esasına göre seçilmesi önerisiyle, bir süreden beri CHP'nin gündeminde olan tüzük değişikliği tartışmalarına bir yenisi daha eklendi. Kurultay'da bir tüzük değişikliğiyle PM'nin üye sayısının 72'den 80'e çıkarılması öngörülüyor.
CHP'nin yürürlükteki tüzüğüne göre PM'in 60 üyesi çarşaf liste esasına göre seçiliyor. "Bilim Kurulu" olarak görev yapan 12 üye ise genel başkanın aday gösterdiği 18 isim arasından seçiliyor.~|~<|endoftext|>Life on planet Earth is composed by an endless number of factors and components which all together make up many types of habitable systems or environments, where concur climatic aspects, geological and different types of organisms and the interactions that handle these if. So before the existence of a large number of items in the world should be a study of these to make possible a better understanding of the components and the various factors that can affect the normal development of life on Earth and thus appears the ecology as a science that studies living beings and the environments in which normally develop their lives. Mikkel Svane shares his opinions and ideas on the topic at hand. According to the previous paragraph, when speaking of ecology is this referring to the study of various living beings and the relationships that they develop with each other in environments in which there are, in addition to this ecology also looks at the distribution of living beings in different points of the Earth and the number that it exists in them. The ecology of similarly observes as the characteristics of the living things can affect the development of their lives and interaction of them, moreover, ecology also studies how environment and its possible changes can affect the behavior of living beings. Educate yourself with thoughts from Peter Asaro . As you can understand so far in ecology there are 2 study groups that mixed both configured the field of study of ecology and are living beings and the environment, in such a way ecology can split from a minimum scope of study, how it would a be unicellular, until a giant composition, as it would be a community or biosphere with everything that involves the study of a big aspect. The first appearances of ecology, referring to the term as such, the year of 1886, time in which the first connotation development of the term referred to the study of households, which was not properly understanding which is today the term ecology, later to be broad reaches of the term, to say that ecology is the relationship of living beings with their environment; and a. starting from this began different developments in terms of ecology as it was understood and the content itself of the concept of ecology, extending its connotation to the study of the characteristics of the environment, achieving complete the idea that today’s ecology has made. Today the ecology understood as a branch of biology that studies to living beings and the environment in which they develop relationships that have each other in their midst, lets say that the field of study of ecology is very coarse, but must be developed by levels of study, thus begins by molecules, passes cells and subsequently tissues up to set up the study of individuals and finally the level large-scale serian communities and ecosystems, such as ecology, must be developed as a multidisciplinary science in their field of study and in the diverse fields that develops.<|endoftext|>میدل ایست نیوز: اداره اقتصاد کل هیئت دولت کویت فاش کرد که دولت قصد دارد بسته تشویقی جدیدی برای بخش خصوصی و صاحبان مشاغل کوچک و متوسط برای مقابله با پیامدهای ویروس کرونا بر فعالیت های اقتصادی تصویب کند.
در گزارشی که توسط اداره اقتصاد کل دولت کویت آمده، عنوان شده که خسارت های بخش خصوصی به علت ویروس کرونا در سال 2020 نزدیک به 28 میلیارد دلار برآورد می شود و اشاره شده که دولت قصد دارد مالیات بسیاری از خدمات را در سال جاری حذف کند و در رابطه با سایر مالیات ها نیز قصد دارد آنها را تا 75 درصد کاهش دهد.
براساس گزارش ها حجم کل مالیات هایی که حذف یا کسر خواهد شد به 1.4 میلیارد دلار خواهد رسید.
دولت کویت پیش از این نیز در سال گذشته بسته ای تشویقی از جمله تخصیص 1.5 میلیارد دلار تسهیلات از سوی بانک مرکزی برای پروژه ها و مشاغل کوچکی که از ویروس کرونا متاثر شده اند را تصویب کرده بود.
بسته اقتصادی فعلی دولت شامل برنامه تامین مالی آسان و ارائه کمک های مالی سریع و اثرگذار به مبلغ حداکثر 800 هزار دلار برای هر نفر مشروط بر این است که این مبالغ برای هزینه های دوره ای و قراردادها مانند حقوق و اجاره ها هزینه شود.
«ناصر بهبهانی»، کارشناس مسائل اقتصادی کویت در گفت وگویی با «العربی الجدید» گفت که حمایت از بخش خصوصی باید اولویت دولت باشد چرا که شرکت ها و صاحبان مشاغل، ستون اقتصاد هستند که اکنون به علت پیامدهای ویروس کرونا دچار رکود بی سابقه ای شده اند.
وی اشاره کرد که ضروریست نشست های دوره ای با نمایندگانی از بخش خصوصی برای شنیدن شکایت ها و درخواست های آنها برای عبور از پیامدهای این بحران تشکیل شود.
از طرفی دیگر «عادل الفهید»، از دیگر کارشناسان مسائل اقتصادی کویت بسته حمایتی دولت را بسیار دیرهنگام دانست و گفت که باید مصوبات دیگری برای حمایت از شرکت های ملی و نجات آنها از فروپاشی تصویب شود.
وی افزود که می توان حمایت از شرکت ها را از طریق مشارکت دادن آنها در پروژه های توسعه ای و کاهش موانع افزایش داد به خصوص با توجه به اینکه برخی از شرکت ها به خاطر کرونا خسارت های فراوانی دیده اند و به صورت موقت یا به کل تعطیل شده اند.<|endoftext|>During the 2019-2020 school year, in their Technology classes Nursery 4 (N4) and Kindergarten students worked on a project designed to expose them to some fundamental concepts of “computational thinking”—namely, decomposition (breaking down bigger tasks into more bite-sized pieces) and sequencing (putting a series of steps in order).
Using the book Fox Makes Friends as inspiration, students followed a recipe, of sorts, in order to (like Fox does in the book) ”make” friends—to construct pretend friends alongside real friends, their classmates.
Using a variety of craft supplies, N4 students created two-dimensional “friends,” while kindergarteners worked in three dimensions.
“When Fox wants someone to play with, he takes his Mom’s advice and sets off to make a friend. What happens along the way surprises him! Fox is about to make the best friends he could ever hope for, but not in the way he imagined.”
Image and text reference: https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/books/fox-makes-friends-by-adam-relf/<|endoftext|>An article written by andrea norcia regarding the impact of video games on children skip navigation display mode impact of video games on adolescents this popular form of media has both positive and negative effects on children. There is lots of empirical data and research to suggest that effect of violent video games on children is essay essay services select court played out exactly as it has over the entire course of the history of battling research studies one claiming a negative effect on children who. The effects of video games on children can be positive and negative in fact, medical and social sciences research indicates that both harmful and beneficial. Free essay: video games can be used
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نین ، توصیه می شود که محاسبه کالری مورد نیاز روزانه در مدت زمان طولانی تری مانند یک هفته (به جای روزانه) انجام شود زیرا تغییرات قابل توجهی در وزن می تواند به سادگی براساس مصرف آب یا زمان روز اتفاق بیفتد. همچنین اندازه گیری در شرایط ثابت ، مانند وزن دادن به محض بیدار شدن و قبل از صبحانه ، به جای زمانهای مختلف در طول روز ، ایده آل است.
5-ادامه دهید!
دوره زیگزاگی کالری
دوره زیگزاگی کالری یک روش کاهش وزن است که هدف آن خنثی کردن تمایلات طبیعی سازش بدن انسان است. محاسبه کالری مورد نیاز روزانه و محدود کردن کالری ، همانطور که در بالا توضیح داده شد ، یک روش مناسب برای کاهش وزن است ، زیرا در طی یک دوره زمانی ، این امکان وجود دارد که بدن با کاهش روزانه کالری مصرفی سازگار شود. در مواردی که این اتفاق بیفتد زمینه برای سخت تر شدن کاهش وزن را فراهم میکند این جایی است که وره زیگزاگی کالری می تواند کمک کند ، چرا که اجازه نمی دهد بدن با محیط کم کالری سازگار شود.
محاسبه کالری زیگزاگ شامل متناوب تعداد کالری مصرفی در یک روز معین است. فردی که رژیم زیگزاگ دارد باید ترکیبی از روزهای پر کالری و کم کالری را داشته باشد تا همان هدف کلی کالری هفتگی را برآورده کند. به عنوان مثال ، اگر میزان کالری دریافتی شما 14000 کالری در هفته باشد ، می توانید 2300 کالری در سه روز در هفته و 1775 در چهار روز دیگر در هفته مصرف کنید ، یا می توانید هر روز 2000 کالری مصرف کنید.
در هر دو مورد ، 14000 کالری در طول هفته مصرف می شود ، اما بدن نمی تواند یک رژیم 2000 کالری را تطبیق داده و جبران کند. این امر همچنین به فرد امکان می دهد در رژیم غذایی خود انعطاف پذیری بیشتری داشته باشد و به وی اجازه می دهد تا در مواردی مانند مهمانی های شغلی یا خانوادگی ، جایی که ممکن است فرد کالری بیشتری مصرف کند ، برنامه ریزی کند.
مصرف کالری کمتری در روزهای دیگر می تواند به فرد اجازه دهد از این مجالس لذت ببرد یا حتی “روز تقلبی” داشته باشد که بدون احساس گناه هرچه بخواهد می خورد ، زیرا در روزهای کم کالری کالری اضافی را جبران می کند .
هیچ قاعده یا مطالعه مشخصی وجود ندارد که موثرترین روش برای جایگزینی یا گسترش مصرف کالری را تعیین کند. نحوه تغییر کالری دریافتی تا حد زیادی به صلاحدید شخصی بستگی دارد.
بسته به فعالیت فرد ، معمولاً توصیه می شود که روزهای پرکالری و کم کالری تقریباً بین 200 تا 300 کالری متفاوت باشد ، جایی که روز پرکالری اغلب تعداد کالری است که فرد برای حفظ وزن فعلی خود نیاز دارد. . برای فردی با سطح فعالیت بالاتر ، اختلاف کالری باید بیشتر باشد.
در پایان ، صرف نظر از اینکه از چه روشی برای نزدیک شدن به کاهش وزن استفاده می کنید ، آنچه مهم است انتخاب استراتژی مناسب شما است.
محاسبه کالری مورد نیاز روزانه و دوره زیگزاگ فقط دو روش (که کاملاً به هم مرتبط هستند) برای دستیابی به کاهش وزن در بسیاری از موارد استفاده می شود و حتی در این روش ها ، روش های بسیاری وجود دارد که فرد می تواند انتخاب کند. یافتن روشی متناسب با سبک زندگی شما که فکر می کنید می توانید به آن پایبند باشید ، احتمالاً پایدارترین و مطلوب ترین نتیجه را به همراه خواهد داشت.
چگونه باید محاسبه کالری روزانه خود را انجام دهیم؟
روش های مختلفی وجود دارد که می توانید محاسبه کالری روزانه خود را پیگیری کنید. بسیاری از افرادی که به دنبال خوردن غذای سالم هستند از یک برنامه تلفن هوشمند یا وب سایت ها و برنامه های غذایی خاص استفاده می کنند.
آیا همه کالری ها یکسان هستند؟
حتی اگر کل کالری دریافتی شما بیشترین اهمیت را در چربی سوزی داشته باشد ، اما همه کالری ها برابر نیستند. کالری حاصل از منابع غذایی مغذی به شما کمک می کند تا مدت زمان طولانی تری احساس سیری کنید ، سوخت لازم برای فعالیت روزانه خود را تأمین کنید و بهزیستی خود را بهبود ببخشید. بنابراین غذاهای سالم چیست؟ اکثر کارشناسان توصیه می کنند بشقاب خود را پر از مواد مواد غذایی زیر کنید:
سبزیجات رنگارنگ مانند سبزیجات سالاد برگ دار ، فلفل روشن ، هویج یا تربچه.
گوشت های بدون چربی مانند مرغ و ماهی. همچنین ممکن است از گوشت قرمز در حد متوسط لذت ببرید.
غلات کامل که فیبرهایی مانند بلغور جو دوسر ، نان سبوس دار
میوه های کامل به جای آب میوه یا تنقلات با طعم میوه.
آجیل ، دانه ها و سایر منابع چربی های سالم در وعده های کوچک.
آب به جای نوشیدنی های ورزشی ، چای شیرین ، یا نوشابه گازدار.
هر روز چند وعده از هر گروه غذایی نیاز دارم؟
تعداد وعده هایی که هر روز از هر گروه غذایی نیاز دارید ، به کالری مورد نیاز شما بستگی دارد.<|endoftext|>Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. è diventato il 46° presidente degli Stati Uniti giurando al Campidoglio assieme alla sua vice, Kamala Harris.
Il suo discorso, come già quello pronunciato dopo la proclamazione della sua vittoria, ha richiamato l'America all'unità, a guarire dalle divisioni che l'hanno lacerata ed essere all'altezza del momento storico che l'attende. Qui trovate la trascrizione completa.
"La democrazia ha prevalso", sono state le sue prime parole.
L'inversione
A poche ore dall'insediamento, Biden ha già firmato numerosi ordini esecutivi che in sostanza smantellano l'eredità del suo predecessore, invertendo la rotta su immigrazione, equità razziale, gestione della pandemia e cambiamento climatico.
Joe Biden ha giurato sulla vecchia Bibbia di famiglia, promettendo di essere "il presidente di tutti gli americani" e lanciando un appello all'unità per affrontare sfide senza precedenti come il Covid, la recessione economica, la crisi climatica, le ineguaglianze, il razzismo ma anche "l'attacco alla democrazia e alla verità".
Donald Trump è stato il primo capo di Stato uscente a non prendere parte alla cerimonia di insediamento del successore da 152 anni a questa parte.
La cronaca della giornata
Il discorso, appassionato, è durato 21 minuti, con cui l'America volta finalmente pagina sotto un cielo azzurro davanti a solo mille invitati a causa della pandemia, in una città blindata da 25 mila uomini della guarda nazionale contro la minaccia di proteste armate che non si sono materializzate e con un Mall invaso da migliaia di bandiere a stelle e strisce ad evocare la folla mancata.
Prima del discorso di Biden, Lady Gaga ha intonato l'inno nazionale e Jennifer Lopez ha cantato 'This land is your land'. Poco prima aveva giurato anche Kamala Harris, prima vicepresidente donna e di colore, applaudita dagli Obama, dai Clinton, dai Bush ma anche da Mike Pence che ha voltato le spalle a Donald Trump.
"La democrazia è fragile ma ha prevalso", ha sottolineato Biden parlando sulla gradinata di Capitol Hill, due settimane dopo l'assalto dei fan di The Donald per ribaltare il risultato delle elezioni. "Pensavano di poterci cacciare da questo suolo sacro, non è successo, non succederà né oggi né domani né mai", ha scandito. "Sconfiggeremo l'estremismo politico, il suprematismo bianco, il terrorismo domestico", ha promesso, invitando a respingere la cultura in cui i fatti sono manipolati e anche inventati". Un chiaro riferimento a Trump, anche se non lo ha mai citato direttamente.
Ma lo spettro del suo predecessore è aleggiato anche quando ha chiesto a tutti gli americani di superare le divisioni e di "mettere fine a questa guerra incivile": "Questo è il nostro momento storico di crisi e sfida, l'unità è la strada da seguire", ha spiegato. "Tutta la mia anima sarà rivolta a questo: riunire l'America, unire la nostra gente, la nostra nazione", ha assicurato, anche per combattere la pandemia, che ha voluto ricordare chiedendo un minuto di silenzio per le oltre 400 vittime americane.
"Il mondo ci guarda. Ripareremo le nostre alleanze", è stato invece l'unico passaggio internazionale, mentre i grandi del pianeta si congratulavano con lui auspicando l'avvio di una nuova stagione di collaborazione e distensione dopo il caos seminato da Trump.
Biden ha iniziato l'inauguration day con il tweet "è un nuovo giorno in America". "E' il tuo momento", gli ha risposto Barack Obama congratulandosi con l'amico Joe. Quindi con la moglie Jill ha lasciato la Blair House di primo mattino per partecipare insieme a Harris e suo marito ad una messa bipartisan nella cattedrale di San Matteo insieme ai leader del Congresso, mentre Donald Trump e Melania lasciavano per l'ultima volta la Casa Bianca a bordo dell'elicottero Marine One. Un messaggio di riconciliazione subito raccolto da 17 nuovi deputati repubblicani, che in una lettera gli hanno promesso collaborazione al Congresso, come pure il leader dei senatori del Grand Old Party Mitch McConnell dopo aver condannato Trump per aver provocato l'assalto al Congresso con le sue bugie.
Dopo la cerimonia di giuramento le due nuove coppie presidenziali hanno passato in rassegna le truppe e reso omaggio alla tomba del milite ignoto al cimitero di Arlington. Quindi il primo ingresso alla Casa Bianca, accolti dal maggiordomo capo, ultimo sgarbo del presidente uscente. Nell'ufficio Ovale poi Biden ha firmato una quindicina di ordini esecutivi per ribaltare l'eredità più controversa del suo predecessore e girare pagina, prima di partecipare in serata allo show televisivo condotto da Tom Hanks e suggellare la giornata apparendo con la first lady sulla Blue Room Balcony della Casa Bianca.
Day One: cosa ha fatto e cosa farà
Nel suo 'Day One blitz' il neo presidente ha rottamato molte delle decisioni di Trump, il resto lo farà nei primi dieci giorni: il ritorno all'accordo sul nucleare iraniano, la rinnovata adesione all'Oms, la revoca del 'muslim ban', lo stop al muro col Messico e alle esecuzioni federali, il blocco dell'oleodotto Keystone, la revoca del bando dei transgender nell'esercito, la moratoria degli sfratti, dei fallimenti e del pagamento dei debiti per l'università. E l'invio al Congresso di una coraggiosa proposta di legge per dare cittadinanza a dreamer e clandestini. Per combattere la pandemia invece ha creato una task force che risponde direttamente al presidente, ha imposto l'obbligo delle mascherine negli edifici federali e ordinato il rafforzamento della campagna di vaccinazioni. In attesa di un ulteriore pacchetto di aiuti da 1.900 miliardi di dollari che dovrà approvare il Congresso.
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Amanda Gorman, la più giovane poetessa a presenziare ad una cerimonia inaugurale negli Stati Uniti, ha ricevuto lodi unanimi dopo la lettura della poesia "The Hill We Climb". In molti ritengono che la sua lettura sia stata l'atto più importante dell'intero evento.
Cosa succede adesso?
Il presidente degli Stati Uniti Joe Biden passa ora in rassegna le truppe, da comandante in capo, prima di raggiungere gli ex presidenti Barack Obama, George W Bush e Bill Clinton al cimitero di Arlington per la cerimonia di posa della corona di fiori.
Quindi Biden si recherà alla Casa Bianca. Ci sarà una parata virtuale inaugurale e uno speciale televisivo negli Stati Uniti per celebrare la nuova amministrazione.
Beaman ha parlato della scoperta di una "umanità comune": "Piangeremo i nostri morti. Faremo amicizia con le persone sole, gli ultimi, gli esclusi. Ameremo chi non si fa amare, toglieremo lo stigma dei cosiddetti intoccabili".
Il discorso di Joe Biden
[TRASCRIZIONE IN DIRETTA] Questa è la giornata dell'America, questa è la giornata della democrazia. L'america ha sempre dovuto affrontare nuove sfide nella sua storia, ed è sempre stata all'altezza. Il volere degli americani è stato ascoltato. abbiamo imparato di recente che la democrazia è una cosa preziosa, ma ancora una volta alla fine ha prevalso. In questo stesso luogo, alcuni giorni fa, la violenza ha scosso dalle fondamenta la democrazia americana, ma dovremo continuare a restare uniti per rinnovare il processo democratico alla base del nostro Paese da 200 anni. Ringrazio i miei predecessori, il vicepresidente è qui, e anche i miei predecessori prima di lui. Conosco bene la resilienza del nostro Paese. Ho appena giurato come hanno fatto prima di me tanti patrioti, il primo dei quali è stato George Washington. Questa è una grande nazione, in oltre 200 anni di storia, di pace e di guerra, abbiamo sempre superato le difficoltà ma abbiamo ancora tanta strada da fare.
C'è molto da riparare, da sistemare, da guarire, tanto da fare. Poche persone nella storia del nostro Paese hanno dovuto affrontare più sfide di quelle che mi attendono. Una pandemia che viene una volta ogni 100 anni ha colpito il nostro Paese, causando tante vittime e la perdita di posti di lavoro che non si vedeva dalla seconda guerra mondiale. Il sogno di una giustizia per tutti che è stata alla base della nostra tradizione democratica non sarà rinviato ancora una volta. Suprematismo bianco e razzismo sono due delle sfide che dovremo affrontare. Per riuscirci, dovremo cercare di curare l'anima degli Stati Uniti. Unità, unità, è quanto dobbiamo cercare di ripristinare. Chiedo a tutti gli americani di unirsi a me in questa causa per un paese più equo e più giusto. Chiedo il loro sostegno contro odio, violenza e razzismo. Con l'unione possiamo fare grandi cose, possiamo fare tornare le persone a lavorare, possiamo riaprire le scuole e migliorarle, sconfiggere il virus, assicurare l'assistenza sanitaria a tutti. Dobbiamo tornare ad essere i leader a livello mondiale. La nostra storia è fatta di sfide che abbiamo dovuto superare, e la vittoria non è mai assicurata. Storia, fede e ragione mostrano la via dell'unità. Senza unità, non c'è pace.
Questo è il nostro momento storico, dobbiamo andarvi incontro uniti, come Stati Uniti d'America. Se lo faremo, non falliremo. Ripartiamo da zero, un nuovo inizio, per tutti. Parliamoci, rispettiamoci. La politica non deve essere basata sulla rabbia e la violenza, non deve soffiare sul fuoco. Dobbiamo respingere questa cultura che si basa sulla manipolazione dei fatti. Dobbiamo essere diversi di quanto siamo stati finora. Guardiamoci intorno, siamo qui davanti a questo edificio completato nel bel mezzo della guerra civile americana. Siamo qui, dove Martin Luther King ha parlato del suo sogno e dove centinaia di manifestanti hanno cercato di bloccare il diritto di voto delle donne, e ora abbiamo per la prima volta una vicepresidente afroamericana, quindi non ditemi che le cose non possono cambiare.
Siamo qui nonostante quello che è successo poche settimane fa. Non succederà più, né domani né mai. Per tutti coloro che hanno sostenuto la mia campagna, ne sono onorato. Ma ascoltatemi: a tutti gli altri dico che se ancora non siete d'accordo con le mie opinioni, lo rispetto, è la democrazia, ma il disaccordo non deve portare alla rottura dell'unità dell'America. Sarò il presidente di tutti gli americani. Lotterò duramente allo stesso modo per coloro che non sono d'accordo con me come per coloro che lo sono.
Le persone sono definite dall'obiettivo comune che si danno. Ognuno di noi ha il dovere e la responsabilità come cittadini e leader americani di difendere la libertà e sconfiggere le bugie. Mi rivolgo a tutti voi che siete preoccupati per il vostro posto di lavoro.. qualsiasi sia il vostro stato d'animo, la vostra ansia, dovete cercare di comprendere chi non ha le vostre idee, chi si informa su mezzi di comunicazione diversi. Provate a mettermi nei panni delle altre persone, anche solo per un momento, come diceva mia mamma, provate a vedere il mondo con i loro occhi. Ci sono giorni in cui abbiamo bisogno di essere aiutati, e altri in cui tocca a noi aiutare gli altri. E' la base del nostro paese. Anche nel periodo più duro e mortale di questa pandemia, dobbiamo mettere da parte la politica e tornare a guardare in faccia la realtà che è una delle più grandi sfide del nostro paese, e possiamo farlo solo se staremo insieme.
Il mondo ci guarda, tutti noi lo sappiamo, ci aspetta al varco per sapere cosa faremo. Ripristineremo le nostre alleanze e torneremo ad avere un ruolo prominente nello scacchiere mondiale, per guidare con il potere del nostro esempio. Saremo un partner affidabile per la pace e la sicurezza mondiale. Nel mio primo atto da presidente, vi chiedo di unirvi a me per un momento di raccoglimento per ricordare le circa 400mila persone che hanno perso la vita a causa del coronavirus.
[pausa]
Questo è un momento in cui dobbiamo fare i conti con una pandemia mondiale e un attacco alla democrazia. Dovremo affrontare queste sfide tutte assieme, allo stesso tempo. E' il
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股东加大了保护力度，但是，对公司中两大基本要素之一的劳动者没有给予应有的关注，尤其对劳动权力更是只字未提。劳动和资本是公司的两大基本关系，因此，充分重视劳动权力，提升劳动权力的地位，使劳动权力与资本权力在公司中处于对应的位置，是现代社会中公司生死存亡的生命线。正确树立企业劳动与资本调节机制所依据的基本理念，研究调节机制的路径选择是完善公司治理、构健和谐劳动关系的关键。
关键词：劳动与资本；调节机制；路径选择
中图分类号：DF411．91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0257—5833(2007)01-0085-06
本文原文......<|endoftext|>Kahve Sözlüğü:
AA: Yan yana iki büyük yazılmış harfler kahve çekirdeğinin boyutunu sembolize eder.
Acidity, Acidy, Acid: Asitli, Asitlik, Asit;
After-Dinner Roast, Espresso Roast, Continental Roast, and European Roast: Bu terimler kahvenin kavrulma derecesini seviyelerini tanımlamak için kullanılır. Hafif koyudan, koyuya doğru kavrulmuş kahve. (bkz. Kahve Roasting)
Aged Coffee, Vintage Coffee: Endonezya ve Hindistan'da geleneksel olarak kahve, depolama alanlarında bir kaç yıl için saklanılır. Bu tür yaşlandırmalar asit ve hacminin büyümesine neden olur. Örneğin Monsooned Coffee gibi.
Alajuela: Kosta-Rika’da yetişen bir kahve türü.
Altura: İspanyolcada yükseklikler anlamına gelir. Meksika’da yüksek bölgelerde yetişen kahveyi tanımlamak için kullanılır.
American Roast: Amerikan damak tadı genelliklerine göre kavrulma derecesi medium Brown. (bkz. Kahve Roasting)
Americano, Caffè Americano: Espresso ya sıcak su katılarak yoğun aromayı daha büyük bardağa yayılarak yapılan espresso bazlı kahve içeceği. (Bkz. Espresso Kahve)
Ankola: Kuzey Sumarta'da arabica kahve için nadir kullanılan isim.
Antigua: Guatemala'nın eski başkenti Antigua'yı çevreyeleyen vadide yetişen seçkin bir kahve.
Aquapulp: Kahve ağıcından taze hasat edilmiş kahve meyvelerinin makinede ezilmesi ve yapışkan meyve etinin, çekirdekten su ile ayrıştırma işlemi için kullanılan terimidir.
Arabian Mocha: Yemen'nin dağlık kısmında yetişen seçkin bir kahve. Bilinen en eski kahve çeşidi olan bu kahveye verilen addır. Ağızda dolu hacimli ve şarapsı ve asiditesi ile zengin aromaya sahiptir.
Arabica, Coffea Arabica: İlk keşfedilen ve dünyanın kahve üretiminde %70 oranla en çok hasat edilen seçkin ve diğer türlerine göre tadılan yüksek oran kalite farkı veren kahve türüne verilen ad.
Aroma: Sıcak, taze demlenmiş bir kahveden alınan ağızdaki tat, ağızdaki hacim, lezzet, asit gibi farklı unsurların duygusal tanımlamada kullanılan başlıca kategorilerden biri.
Arusha: Tanzanya Meru yamaçlarında yetişen kahvenin, kahve pazarındaki adı.
Automatic Filter-Drip Coffee Makers: Otomatik filtre kahve yapan, su ve kahve oranını kendi ayarlayabilen kahve makinesi.
Balance: Tatma (tasting) işleminde kullanılan, aromaların, asiditenin, ağızdaki hacim gibi unsurların birbiriyle dengesini anlatan terimdir.
Bani: Dominik Cumhuriyetinde düşük asitli, yüksek kalitede yetişen bir kahve türü.
Barahona: Güneybatı Dominik Cumhuriyetinde yetişen bir kahve türüdür. Birçok kişi tarafından Dominik Cumhuriyetinde yetişen en iyi kahve olarak görülür.
Barista: İtalyanca kökenli bir kelimedir. Barmen anlamına gelir. Günümüzde tecrübeli, becerikli kahve demlemeyi sanat haline getirmiş mesleği tanımlar.
Batch Roaster: Belli bir yığın kahve çekirdeğini bir seferde kavurabilen makine.
Bird Friendly, Shade Gown: Gölgede yetiştirilen kahve için kullanılan terim. Direk güneş ışınlarından, başka ağaçların gölgesi sayesinde korunarak yetişmiş kahve. Gölgede yetişen kahve cupping sürecinde daha lezzetli olduğu kabul edilir.
Blade Grinder: Ufak ve bıçaklı kahve öğütme makinesi.
Blend: İki veya daha fazla farklı kahve türlerinin karışımı, melanjı, harmanı.
Body: Kahvenin cupping esnasında ağızda bıraktığı aromaların, lezzetin, asidin duyusal hacmi.
Bourbon: Coffea Arabica kahve çeşidinin botanik türlerinden biri. Yüksek kalitesi ile tanınır.
Bourbon Santos: Brezilya’da yetişen yüksek kalitede Bourbon kahve türü. Sao Paulo da yetişir ve Santos limanından ihracadı yapılır. Bu yüzden Bourbon Santos olarak adlandırılır. Türkiye'de Türk kahvesi yapımında genelde kullanılan bir türdür. Asitli ve meyvemsi aromalara sahiptir.
Brazil: Dünyanın en karmaşık kahve orijinlerinden biri olduğu gibi dünyanın en çok kahve üretimi yapan orijindir. Bourbon Santos gibi yüksek kalitede kahvesi olduğu gibi çok düşük commercial kahve de üretir.
Brown Roast: Bkz. Amerikan Roast.
Bugishu, Bugisu: Uganda'nın Elgon vadisinde yetişen ve Uganda'nın en kaliteli kahvesidir.
Burr Grinder, Burr Mill: Yüksek verimli, iki diskten oluşan kahve öğütücüsü.
Cúcuta: Kolombiya'nın kuzeydoğusunda yetişen bir kahve türü. İhracatı genelde Venezuela'nın Maracaibo şehrinden yapılır.
Café au Lait: Üçte biri filtre kahve, üçte ikisi köpüklendirilmiş sıcak sütten oluşan Fransız kahve içeceği.
Caffè Americano: Bkz. Americano.
Caffè Latte: dörtte bir espresso, dörtte üç sıcak köpürtülmüş sütten oluşan az köpüklü, İtalyan kahve içeceği.
Caffeine: Kahve, çay gibi doğal ürünlerin doğasında bulunan uyarıcı, kokusuz, acı alkaloit.
Cappuccino: Üçte biri espresso, üçte biri sıcak süt, üçte biri süt kremasından oluşan İtalyan kahve içeceğidir. (Bkz. Espresso bazlı kahveler)
Caracas: Venezuela’da üretilen bir sınıf kahve.
Caracol: Peaberry veya longberry olarak da bilinir küçük, yuvarlak çekirdeklerdir, kahve meyvesinin içinde iki yerine bir çekirdek gelişmesi ile oluşur. “Peaberry” çekirdekler normal çekirdeklerden ayrılırlar ve ayrı bir sınıf olarak satılırlar. Özellikle Japon pazarında popüler ve yüksek fiyatlara satılır. Tipik olarak, aynı ürünün normal çekirdeklerine göre daha parlak, daha asidik fakat daha yumuşaktır. Aynı zamanda kahve ağacının tohumudur.
Caturra: Coffea Arabica'nın seçkin bir kahve türüdür. Çabuk olgunlaşır ve yüksek oranda ürün verir. Bourbon ve Typica ya göre fincan kalitesi daha düşüktür.
Celebes: Daha önceleri Sulawesi olarak bilinirdi. Endonezya'nın Sulawe adasında yetişen bir kahve türü. Toraja veya Kalossi güneydoğusunda yüksek vadilerde yetişir. Ağızdaki hacmi, geniş aroma yelpazesi, düşük tonlu ve etkin asidite oranı ile tanımlanır. Haz alanı olduğu gibi haz almayanı da vardır.
Chaff: Çekirdek ile meyve arasında bulunan kabuğun üzerindeki pul ve pullar.
Chanchamayo: Güney Peru'nun merkezinde yetişen saygın bir kahve türü.
Cherry: Kahve meyvesi için kullanılan bir terim.
Chiapas: Güney Meksiko'da kahve yetiştirilen bir bölge. Burada yetişen kahve ayriyeten Tapachula olarak da bilinir. Canlı bir asitide oranına sahip bu kahve türü, tatlı aroması ve ağızda hissedilen orta derecede hacmi ile bilinir.
Chicory: New Orleans Tarzı kavrulmuş ve Hindiba, frenk salatası, güneğik ile melanj edilmiş kahve. Kuzey Avrupa'da özellikle 2. dünya savaşı sonrası kahve yokluğunda kullanılmışıtr.
Chipinga: Doğu Zimbabwe tarafında yetiştirilen ve en beğenilen kahve türü.
Cibao: Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nde yetişen düşük asitide oranında ve kaliteli bir kahve türü.
Cinnamon Roast: Açık renkte kavrulmuş Light Roast ya da New England olarak da bilinen kavrulma derecesi. Keskin ve ekşi bir asitliğe sahip olur.
City Roast: Kahve kavurma derecelerine verilen bir terim. Dokuzuncu aşama olan first crack den sonraki aşamadır. Daha detaylı bilgi için Bkz. Kahve Roasting
Clean: Cupping sürecinde kullanılan bu terim kahve'nin fincanda temiz, yani her hangi bir aroma hatası vermeyen, lezzetin olması gerektiği gibi anlamına gelir.
Coatepec, Altura Coatepec: Mekiska Veracruz vadilerine yetişen yıkanarak işlenmiş (washed) yüksek kaliteli, saygı gören iyi bir kahve türü.
Cobán: Guatemala'nın yüksek kesimlerinde yetişen yüksek kalitede bir kahve türü.
Coffea Arabica: En çok yetiştirilen, dünya üretiminin %70 oranında yapılan, ilk keşfedilen ve diğer türlerine göre en yüksek kaliteli kahve türü. Daha fazla bilgi içi Bkz. Kahve Türleri
Coffea Canephora: Robusta olarak da bilinen dünya kahve üretiminde %30'una tekabül eden, daha alçak yüksekliklerde yetişen ve daha yüksek kafein oranına sahip, coffea arabica türüne göre daha düşük kalitesi olan kahve türü. İtalyan melanjın olmazsa olmazı. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Kahve Türleri
Coffee Belt: Coffea kahve bitkisinin tarımı için gerekli iklime sahip olan ve dünyada kahve yetiştirilen bölge.
Coffee Cherry: Kahve kirazı. Kiraza, ebat ve renk benzerliğinden dolayı, kahve meyvesine denir.
Coffee Oil, Coffeol: Kahve kavurma (roasting) işleme sürecinde, ısı ile ortaya çıkan kahve esansı, yağı.
Cold-Water Method: Cold Brew olarak da bilinen soğuk su ile kahve demleme metodu. Daha düşük asit oranı üretir ve ağızdaki duygusal hacmi da düşüsüktür, 10 ile 20 saat arası süren bir demleme sürecinden sonra elde edilir. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Kahve Demleme.
Colombia: Kolombiya Kahve Federasyonu tarafından ihraç edilen ufak çaplı çiftlikler tarafından ekimi yapılır. Genelde wet processed kahve.
Commercial Coffees: Genelde hazır kahve yapımı için üretilen düşük kalitede kahve. Nerden geldiği, nasıl bir süreçten geçtiği gibi önemli detayları bilinmez. Büyük şirketler tarafından süper market reyonlarında satılmak üzere markaya göre paketlenip satılır.
Complexity: Tatma işleminde kullanılan bu terim, derinlik, haz, hacim gibi duyusal tatları tanımlamak için kullanılır. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Cupping.
Continental Roast: Espresso Roast, After-Dinner Roast, and European Roast olarak da bilinir. Kahve kavurma derecelerini tanımlamak için kullanılır. Bkz. Kahve Roasting.
Continuous Roaster: Büyük ölçüde commercial kahve kavurma işi yapan roasterlar.
Costa Rica: Kosta Rika en sayılan yüksek kalite kahveleri San Marcos de Tarrazu, Tres Rios, Heredi, Alajuela full body ve clean kahve üreten Central America'nın en saygın kahve üreticilerinden.
Crema: Espresso demleme metodu sonrası demlenen espresso kahvesinin üzerindeki fındık kahverengisi krema.
Cupping: Profesyonel tadımcıların/ çeşnicilerin kahve kalitesini, aromasını, asitlik oranını, hacmini gibi duygusal tatları tanımlayabilmek için kullandıkları prosedür, yaptıkları işlem. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Cupping.
Dark French Roast: Bir tür kahve Roasting (kavurma) derecesi. Koyu siyah, parlak bir yüzey, tatlı acımsı, hafif yanmış bir sonucun elde edililir. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Kahve Roasting.
Dark Roast: Göreceli bir kavurma (roasting) terimi. Kahve kültürüne sahip ülkelerden ülkere değişebilir.
Decaffeination Processes: Kefeinleşsiztirilme sürecidir. Specialty coffee yeşil çekirdek halinde 4 farklı metod ile kafeinleşsizleştirilir. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Decaffeination.
Defects, Flavor Defects: Haz vermeyen lezzet karakteristik özelikleri tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terim. Hasat edilme, processing (işleme sürecinde), Roasting (kavurma) süreçlerin birisinde yapılan hatalardan dolayı ortaya çıkan kötü tat kahveler için kullanılır.
Degassing: Kahve kavrulurken doğal olarak oluşan bir süreç. Kahve çekirdeği bu süreçte karbondioksit gazı salgılamak koşulu ile oksijenden dolayı bayatlamamak için kendini korumaya çalışmasıdır.
Demitasse: Fransızca kökenli bir kelime olup, yarım fincan anlamına gelir. Günümüzde servis finacı için kullanılan terimdir.
Demucilage: Kahve processing (işleme) sürecinde çeşitli metodlar ile kahve meyvesinin etinin, kahve çekirdeğinden ayrılma süreci için kullanılan terim.
Djimah, Djimma, Jimma: Etiyopya yetişen bir kahve türü. Washed mükemmel düşük asitli, Dry Processed sürecinden geçen bu kahve ise daha çok tıbbi, medikal ve yabani bir tat verir ve specialty coffee olarak ticareti yapılmaz.
Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo: Dominik Cumhuriyetinde yüksek tepelerde yetiştirilen bir kahve türü olup genelde zengin bir aroma, asitli Karayipler kahve karekterlerine uyar. Alçak seviyelerde ise daha düşük oranda asitlidir ve yumuşak bir tat verir.
Doppio: Duble espresso kahvesi. İki shot espresso.
Doser: Tek yapımlık kahve öğütülmüş kahve veren, değirmendeki hazne olabileceği gibi, direk tek yapımlık kahveyi porta filteye öğüten kahve değirmeninin özelliklerinden biri.
DP: Duble hasat anlamına gelir. Hasat edilirken sadece olgunlaşmış meyveler toplanır. Kahve meyvesi aynı anda olgunlaşmadığından ikinci bir hasat gerektirebilir. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Kahve Üretimi.
Drip Method: Kahve demleme metodu. Halk arasında bilinen Filtre Khave demleme metdudur. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Kahve Demleme.
Dry-Processed Coffee, Dry Method Coffee, Natural Coffee: Kahve hasat edildikten sonra kurutularak (doğal yada makineler yardımı ile) kahve meyvesi eti çekirdekten ayırıştırma sürecine için kullanılan terimdir.Yemen, Etiyoya ve Brezilya da genelde kullanılan bir işleme sürecidir. Daha fazla bilgi için Bkz. Kahve işleme.
Earthiness: Cupping işleminde kahvenin tadını tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terim. Kahve aromasındaki hataları veya eksotik tadı tanımlamak için kullanılır. Göreceli olarak kullanılır ve kurutma işleminde (dry process) toprak ile oluşan temas sonucu oluşur. Endonezya'nın Sumatra, Sulawesi ve Timor gibi kahve türlerinde karşılaşılır.
Ecuador: Ekvator latin amerika kıtasında kahve üreten bir ülke olup en iyi kahveleri medium bodied ve hafif asitli olup güney amerika karakterist özelliklerini taşır.
El Salvador: Güney Amerika'nın kahve üretici ülkelerinden biri olan El Salvador kahveleri yumuşuk tadı, düşük asitlik oranı Central Amerika karekterist özelliklerini taşır. En iyi yüksek kesimlerde yetişen kahve türleri; bourbon ve pacamara'dır.
En Pergamino, In Parchment. Parchment Coffee: Wet process (ıslak işleme) sürecinde tam olarak giderilmemiş meyve etleri ile ihraç edilen kahve için kullanılan bir terimdir. İthal eden ülkedeki Roaster'lar milling denilen bir işlem sonrası bu meyve etini tamamen ayrıştırırlar ve ondan sonra roast (kavurma) işlemine geçerler.
Espresso: Bir demleme metodu sonucu elde edilken İtalyan tarzı kahve. Aynı zamanda Roast derecesi ve demleme metodu terimi olarak da kullanılır. Bkz Espresso.
Espresso Roast, After-Dinner Roast, Continental Roast, European Roast: Kahve roasting (kavurma) işlemindeki derecelerden biridir. Bkz. Kahve Roasting. Koyu bir renkte kavrulma derecesidir.
Estate-Grown Coffee: Bir tek çiftlik tarafından üretilimiş başka kahve ile karıştırılmamış kahve çekirdeklerini tanımlamak için kullanılan terimdir. Özellikle Specialty Coffee'de
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wavelength of sound at a given frequency.
Wavelengths are inversely proportional to frequency. Low frequencies have very long wavelengths and higher frequencies have much shorter wavelengths. Therefore, for a given edge distance or baffle width the effect will be different based on the frequency discussed and its wavelength. An obstacle must be “acoustically large” before full diffraction will occur. An obstacle is “acoustically large” when its dimensions are greater than one-half of a wavelength at a given frequency, at this point there will be full diffraction of the waveform, or the obstacle will fully alter the direction and behavior of the wave. As an object gets progressively smaller than one-half of a wavelength it will have progressively less effect on the wave. Once it is around one-tenth of a wavelength in size it will be small enough acoustically to be essentially invisible to the waveform at those frequencies. Technically, the effects of diffraction asymptotically reach 0 dB only at 0Hz, but for most of this range the effects are only fractions of a decibel until the obstacle begins to become acoustically large.
Speaker drivers are usually rated with what is called “half-space sensitivity” (sometimes called 2Pi or hemispherical space – 2Pi is a geometrical way of describing half of a sphere, whereas 4Pi describes a full sphere). Because of this, we will usually describe baffle step as a loss due to low frequencies “wrapping” around the baffle into “full-space” (4Pi or spherical space) due to their wavelengths being so much longer than the width of the baffle. This description can be correct depending upon your perspective; however it really doesn’t accurately describe the phenomena in a way that allows you to see how baffle step and diffraction are tied together.
To be technically accurate we need to picture it in this way: When a loudspeaker produces a sound, this sound is in the form of a pressure wave trying to expand equally in all directions spherically (like the balloon analogy). The first obstacle that this wave encounters is the baffle face itself. For higher frequencies with shorter wavelengths where the baffle is acoustically large, the baffle causes a doubling of axial pressure into the forward hemisphere (since the pressure can’t expand spherically), much like a perfect reflector. This doubling of acoustic pressure produces a +6dB gain on axis in the forward hemisphere. A baffle with a width of about 9” would correspond to one wavelength at about 1500Hz, this +6dB gain would then be seen at frequencies above 750Hz (that half-wavelength rule. Of course, a taller height dimension pushes this a little lower in frequency in real life). At lower frequencies this gain is progressively less, dropping to near 1 dB at about one-tenth of 1500Hz, or 150 Hz (again, the taller height will push this a little lower, but you get the idea).
At very low frequencies, below 100Hz in our example, the cabinet baffle is “acoustically small enough” to become “invisible” to these longer wavelengths. As a result they have very little effect on the waveform at all; the wave is able to expand reasonably unhindered as a sphere, and there is almost no gain or ripples in the waveform due to diffraction. At higher frequencies above 750Hz the baffle is “acoustically large enough” to fully obstruct spherical expansion of the waveform, acoustic pressure is doubled, and there is a +6dB gain in the response on the forward axis. Of course, what is given up in exchange is that there is very little energy at these higher frequencies behind the speaker. There is no gain in energy here, only a redirection. In between these two frequencies there is a transition as the baffle progressively diffracts the spherical propagation of the waveform. This produces a smooth rise from 0 dB to +6dB, and this is actually what is happening in what we call baffle step. It is diffraction; or more precisely, it is moving from a state of no diffraction into full diffraction as the baffle becomes acoustically larger with increasing frequency. Diffraction is really computed from the perspective of a full 4pi – spherical space. Below what we call the baffle step frequency there is very, very little diffraction at all. The wavelengths are acoustically too large to diffract on the baffle, so the baffle is essentially invisible to the long sound waves at these frequencies. However, the baffle step gain – the rising of the step – IS diffraction.
So What About Edge Diffraction – What’s Happening Here?
OK, here’s the anatomy of a diffraction signature. Continuing with our example, let’s define our baffle as a 9″ wide by 16″ tall mini-speaker with the driver mounted centered on the baffle and only 4″ from the top (or bottom). For the sake of our discussion we will treat this driver as a point source. That places this point source at 4.5″ from both sides and 4″ from the top. This is actually a fairly common location for tweeters, and small woofers may be similarly placed at the other end.
Now, to figure the edge diffraction we need to picture the point source as a point with rays going off in all directions to the baffle edges. The point source is like the point where our frog entered the water. The rays are lines (radii) following those concentric circles moving outward in our pond. Each ray will have a specific distance before it encounters the cabinet edge and diffracts. When it diffracts, like the log in the water, the edge becomes a secondary sound source and some of the acoustic energy is reflected back toward the listener or microphone to combine with the original source with delay. How much delay depends on the frequency and the distance of the ray. Picture a triangle: One side of the triangle is the distance from the driver to the listener. The short side of the triangle is the distance from the driver to the edge of the cabinet. And the hypotenuse of the triangle is diffracted secondary waveform. Because it is longer than the direct path there will be delay and some phase shifts – Just like the phase shifts of our waves in the water combining.
Unfortunately, in our example the point source is very close to the same distance from three different edges (I did this on purpose for our example). It is actually fairly complex because the ray distances will vary continuously as you move around the baffle, encountering edges at the sides, top, bottom, and corners, but a large percentage of them will fall in the range from 4-5.5″ due to the driver placement. This means that the influence of this distance will be much greater in the final result than many other ray distances will be. This distance corresponds to a frequency range of 2.4 kHz – 3.4 kHz with a center point at 3 kHz. When the waveform of sound from the driver moves across the baffle it encounters a sudden discontinuity when it reaches the edge of the enclosure. Frequencies in this range will reach these edges, diffract, and reflect back to the listener delayed out of phase since it is exactly one wavelength. The level will be reduced so there won’t be complete cancellation, but there will be a notch in the diffraction signature centered around 3 kHz. This notch is typical in many mini-monitors due to this distance and the associated diffraction.
On the other hand, the frequencies whose wavelengths are twice this distance, so that a half-wavelength is reaching these edges will diffract to combine with the original source in-phase, but at a lower level. These frequencies will combine constructively and produce an additional gain that could reach +3 dB above the already +6dB, however, since the frequencies will be spread somewhat the gain will be slightly less than the full 9 dB peak. This peak will be twice as wide as the notch described above, and at half the frequency, so it will peak at about 1500 Hz. By the way, due to this peak, and typical crossover points for midwoofers, baffle step could actually appear to be more than the normally discussed 6dB once this hump of +2 to +3 dB is taken into consideration.
Now, we also have some longer rays going to the bottom edge of our enclosure doing the same, these are in the 12-14″ range. This corresponds to a wavelength of just over 1000Hz, so there will be a little down-ripple in the response at this frequency, and a half-wavelength of around 500Hz, so there will be a little up-ripple here due to these distances as well.
So now we have defined the typical baffle step, the peak, and the notch. At frequencies higher than this notch it is all the same mechanism that we have already discussed and applied – only the wavelengths get shorter and the phase of the diffracted sound becomes more randomized, and the ripples get narrower and shorter in amplitude. Diffraction is a form of linear distortion, because it affects the frequency response on a given axis and has a minimum phase relationship, meaning the phase is directly related to the frequency response.
I hope this explains it reasonably well. It is all about ray length, driver location, and the wavelength of the sound reaching the edge and then recombining with the original source either in-phase or some degree out of phase.
How Do You Control Diffraction?
Well, the best way would be to eliminate it, but that would involve mounting the drivers on an infinite baffle, or flush in a wall, and that doesn’t work out very well for most people. For speaker drivers mounted in a typical cabinet you can not eliminate the effects of diffraction from the cabinet, but there are several techniques that compensate for, or reduce the impact these effects significantly.
First, the most obvious diffraction effect for the typical small stand mounted monitor or the tall narrow tower type of speaker is the “baffle step” in the response that was discussed above. Fortunately, this step is fairly smooth and easy to measure on the design axis, because of this it can easily be compensated for in the crossover design. The negative side of this compensation is an apparent reduction in loudspeaker sensitivity of 6dB. The truth is that the original driver sensitivity was rated based on half-space (hemispherical) radiation, and we have adjusted everything to a flat response based on the full-space (Spherical) radiation of lower frequencies. The loss of sensitivity is traded off for flat on-axis frequency response. This trade-off is worth the drop in sensitivity. If you have listened to speakers that do not compensate for this step, the sound can be very thin in the lower midrange and bass, leaving you with a forward, bright, irritating sound.
This leaves us with cabinet edge diffraction. Several different techniques have been employed over the years to reduce the effects of edge diffraction. One of the most effective is the use of a thick felt whose tangle can effectively absorb and diffuse the sound waveform moving along the baffle before it can encounter the edge and then diffract and recombine as described above, creating irregularities in the frequency response. Despite its effectiveness few commercial loudspeakers use felt, mostly for cosmetic reasons, but there are some notable exceptions that have been very successful. Most loudspeaker purchasers though, weigh the appearance of the speaker with the sound presentation when making their selection. As humans, we are strongly visually driven, even when looking for good sound.
Fortunately, there are some techniques that work well in reducing edge diffraction effects and improve the appearance of the loudspeaker at the same time. One thing that needs to be done is to recess each loudspeaker driver so its faceplate or frame is flush with the baffle. It may not seem like it matters at first, but for surface mounted drivers the tweeter’s response will actually be impacted by the diffraction from its own faceplate edges as well as from the frame of the woofer mounted nearby. Flush mounting is an important feature that both aids in diffraction control and improves the appearance at the same time.
Sometimes you will see a tweeter offset from the centerline of a baffle. This asymmetric mounting is also a diffraction control technique. By offsetting the tweeter, the distance from the center of the tweeter to the left edge and the right edge are different distances. This means that the frequencies whose wavelengths correspond to these distances are different too. By offsetting these frequencies you can sometimes smooth the on-axis diffraction signature because the distances to each edge will produce ripples at different frequencies. If carefully designed, these can combine to smooth the response. When using this technique it is important to note that the diffraction signature is asymmetrical too and there is a greater difference in the response whether you move off-axis to the left or to the right compared to a centered tweeter that is symmetrical. Similar to offsetting the tweeter is the technique of “toeing-in” the loudspeaker so you are not directly on-axis. This has a similar effect to offsetting the driver because your off-axis position changes the geometry of how the sound recombines after diffracting off of each edge.
Another technique is to add a large radius to the edges of the cabinet. Many manufacturers will stick with a standard rectangular box with square edges as a cost savings, but the frequency response will have much more variation than it would have if the cabinet was rounded on the edges with a fairly large radius. It is costly to make baffles that are rounded or curved, but the impact on frequency response can be dramatic. The larger the radius or curve usually the better the diffraction control, and the smoother the frequency response will be. Here’s why –
When a waveform is moving across the baffle and encounters a sharp edge with a sudden discontinuity of 90 degrees, there is a very sudden change in the propagation of the wave. The sharp corner acts like an obstacle changing the direction of the wave; the wave diffracts and the edge becomes a secondary source, reradiating sound back towards the original wave, as we have discussed. When a large radius is used the waveform moves across the baffle and tends to follow the radius as it curves away from the front. There is no sudden discontinuity in its path. This does not mean that there is no diffraction, but the larger the radius the lower in frequency the disturbances lie. The large rounded radius accomplishes two things that benefit our diffraction issue: First, the smoother path around the corner of the baffle reduces the amplitude of the disturbance at specific frequencies, thus reducing the overall impact on the frequency response. This occurs because the rounded edge is seen as a “fuzzier” less defined edge, and this spreads the affected frequencies over a wider range than a sharp edge does. Second, as the wave does begin to diffract on this radius part of the energy is redirected at different angles away from the baffle, so less diffracted energy recombines with the direct sound that produce the ripples in the frequency response that I described above.
Finally, a feature that helps to control diffraction is controlled directivity. Our example above treats the loudspeaker driver as a point source. In reality this is not correct. All drivers have an effective radiating width or diameter; the larger this diameter, the greater the directivity of the driver. As a result, less acoustic energy at higher frequencies is able to illuminate the edge of the cabinet that is usually 90 degrees off-axis. (Just look at the 60 and 90 degree off-axis frequency response curves for many drivers for a good example of what I mean). If less energy illuminates the edge, then the strength of the edge source is reduced and so is the diffraction. Even a 1” dome tweeter has significantly reduced energy at 90 degrees off-axis for frequencies above 8 kHz, and for larger drivers this is even less. Properly designed waveguides and horns also control driver directivity and can significantly reduce edge diffraction as well.
For most speakers what is known as “baffle step” is usually best handled in the crossover. It is possible to avoid this step altogether in a three way system if the woofer is placed close to the floor and the crossover point is carefully selected. This allows boundary reinforcement to fill in part of the step. However, for most speakers some shaping of the frequency response is necessary to ensure flat response. When we get to the response irregularities due to edge diffraction it is left to the designer as to how he wants to deal with these. He may choose heavy felt around the drivers. He may choose to use a wave guide. Or he may choose to use rounded edges on the cabinet. He may even choose to leave the issue of diffraction unaddressed, either living with the response ripples or working them into the design in some other way. Of all of the methods used today most people seem to agree that the most aesthetically pleasing method is to recess the loudspeaker drivers flush to the face of the baffle and then shape the baffle with a large round-over, or possibly an even more complex shaping of the baffle. When you see a design like this, remember it is much more than just a pretty face – it is a very effective means of controlling cabinet diffraction and smoothing the overall frequency response.<|endoftext|>Deposuit potentes de sede, et exaltavit humiles.
He has put down the mighty from their seat, and exalted the lowly.—Luke 1:52
Tradition attributes several paintings and sculptures of Our Lady to St. Luke, among them the Salus Populi Romani, which Pope St. Gregory the Great carried in procession during the plague which ravaged Rome in 590, and the original, Spanish Virgin of Guadalupe. The evangelist and patron saint of artists also crafted an exquisite portrait of Our Lady in the first two chapters of his Gospel, which provide many details unavailable elsewhere.
Twice St. Luke states that Our Lady “kept all these words in her heart.” After the adoration of the shepherds, who have recounted the words of the angels announcing and singing the praises of the Savior’s birth, Luke tells us, “Mary kept all these words, pondering them in her heart” (2:19). Twelve years later, after the boy Jesus is found in the Temple and asks whether Mary and Joseph did not know “that I must be about my father’s business,” we are told that “they understood not the word that he spoke unto them” but that “his mother kept all these words in her heart” (2:49-51). Luke’s repetition draws attention to both episodes, where Our Lady meditates first on the words of angels and then on the words of her Son. In the clarity of her Immaculate Heart, free from the darkening of the intellect that accompanies sin, the Seat of Wisdom nonetheless pondered over the words of angels and kept the inscrutable words of the Lord.
The extraordinary humility and interiority of the Blessed Virgin attested by these verses is one of the themes of a new Madonna by sacred artist Gwyneth Thompson-Briggs. Stylistically indebted to the 17th century Marian devotional images of Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato, particularly his Madonna in London’s National Gallery, Gwyneth’s Madonna also incorporates brushwork inspired by Titian and drapery influenced by 15th century Flanders.
“The Sassoferrato Madonnas are studies in regal interiority. Beneath her lapis lazuli robes and her flawless classical face, the Virgin is always deep in mental prayer,” says Gwyneth. “I wanted to portray the same idea: the exaltation of the humble of which Our Lady sang in her Magnificat, and the beatific repose of dwelling in perpetual contemplation of the Word.”
Relying on the National Gallery Madonna as a concept sketch, Gwyneth began by securing fabrics and a model. Then she completed two three-hour graphite
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in migration has raised both prospects and pains. The fact that women are migrating on their own rather than as part of family migration seems to suggest greater freedom and choice. However, their concentration in vulnerable sectors has generated much debate on how migration can have a positive impact on women's lives. Both domestic work and entertainment are not covered by labor laws in many countries, hence women's working and living conditions are very much dependent on the "charity" of their employers. In the case of entertainers, the dangers include being pushed into prostitution, violence, and run-ins with criminal elements.
From the time female migration has become visible, the protection issues raised have been the same issues that migrants and migrant advocates fight for today: minimum wages, adherence to basic protection standards, and protection from brokers and agents in source countries who often charge migrants excessive fees. For the most part, however, women migrants cope with their situation by tapping their own strengths, relying on the support of their networks, and accessing non-governmental organizations' assistance where available.
Responses to Women Migrants
Although female migrants face many challenges, the phenomenon is not likely to fade away. Unlike male migration, which is subject to variable economic conditions, female migration has proven not only to be stable but also resilient in the face of economic changes. Countries of origin and countries of destination have different perspectives and responses to this durable phenomenon.
The volume of remittances and the employment generated by labor migration weaken the resolve of countries of origin to demand better wage scales and labor rights, which would lessen their workers' competitiveness. The revenues of some source countries — $6 billion for the Philippines in 2002 and about $1 billion for Indonesia and Sri Lanka — have also, to some extent, encouraged a degree of national economic dependency that discourages concern about the social costs of massive outflows of citizens. For similar reasons, the initial hopes harbored by most source countries that labor migration could be temporary has faded.
For their part, all countries of destination in Asia have insisted on keeping labor migration temporary. In contrast, highly skilled and professional workers are welcomed. Some countries, like Japan and South Korea, maintain an official policy not to admit less-skilled workers. In most destination countries, foreign workers are held to contracts of limited duration, usually two years. Some countries (e.g., Singapore and Malaysia) establish levies on the hiring of foreign workers to discourage dependence on cheap migrant labor. When the economy falters, such as the 1997 economic crisis in the region, countries of destination may decide to repatriate migrant workers to make way for local labor.
In some ways the women-dominated domestic and family work sector has proved more resistant to such measures. While the period post-1997 saw a temporary decline in demand for migrant workers in construction and manufacturing, the demand for foreign domestic workers was unchanged. Studies conducted in some countries of destination have suggested that families and households have become dependent on foreign domestic workers. This is the major reason why government policies to limit the hiring of foreign domestic workers have not made a dent. Prospects of declining and aging populations in the advanced economies foreshadow continuing demand for migrants, including migrants to care for the elderly.
Women's migration reflects how globalization has affected and reordered family life. By taking care of all things domestic, women migrants make it possible for local women to take up paid work outside the home. Despite their contributions to their host countries, women migrants are not generally assured of basic protection. As part of the efforts of some countries to ensure that migration is temporary, women migrants cannot easily change employers, even if their conditions are far from satisfactory. Nor can they move to a different job outside of domestic work. In some countries, there is a perception that migrant women childcare workers could have a negative cultural impact on their wards. This includes the concern that children could become closer to their nannies than they are to their own parents. At best, women migrants receive an ambivalent welcome.
Also hidden from the picture are other costs that are shouldered by families in the countries of origin. Sociologist Rhacel Parreñas has observed that, as "servants of globalization," women migrants, in turn, transfer their caregiving responsibilities to other female family members or other less-privileged women in the countries of origin. In the process, while migrant women contribute to making family life more comfortable and easier for their employers, they are separated from their own families, who have to fend for themselves.
Up until now, labor migration has been a very inequitable process. It does not have to be. Countries in the region can foster more cooperation to make migration more humane and more equitable. This cooperation is critical in view of the increasing incidence of unauthorized migration and trafficking in people, especially women and children. In recent years, concerns about trafficking have resulted in regional discussions to curb this business, which channels women into roles as sex workers, brides, or forced labor. Ideally, such regional cooperation on trafficking could lay the groundwork for more cooperation on labor migration as a whole. One fundamental change will involve viewing migrants not just as workers but also as human beings. Another will be valuing reproductive work or care work as very important to human and social life, and as work that should be shared by women and men alike.
Asis, Maruja M.B. 2001. "The Return Migration of Filipino Women Migrants: Home, But Not for Good?" In Female Labour Migration in South-East Asia: Change & Continuity. Edited by Christina Wille and Basia Passl. Bangkok: Asian Research Centre for Migration.
Constable, Nicole. 1997. Maid to Order in Hong Kong: Stories of Filipina Workers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Heyzer, Noeleen, Geertje Lycklama a Nieholt and Nedra Weerakoon, eds. 1994. The Trade in Domestic Workers: Causes, Mechanisms and Consequences of International Migration. Kuala Lumpur, London and New Jersey: Asian and Pacific Development Centre and Zed Books.
International Organization for Migration (IOM). 1999. "The Beijing Platform for Action and Recent Trends in Female Migration in the Asia Pacific." Intergovernmental meeting to review the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action, 26-29 October, Bangkok. A paper drafted for IOM by Maruja Asis, Scalabrini Migration Center, the Philippines, in consultation with IOM officials.
Lim, Lin Lean and Nana Oishi. 1996. "International Labor Migration of Asian Women: Distinctive Characteristics and Policy Concerns." In Asian Women in Migration. Edited by Graziano Battistella and Anthony Paganoni. Quezon City: Scalabrini Migration Center.
Margold, Jane A. 2002. "Narratives of Masculinity and Transnational Migration: Filipino Workers in the Middle East." In Filipinos in Global Migrations: At Home in the World? Edited by Filomeno V. Aguilar, Jr. Quezon City: Philippine Migration Research Network.
Oishi, Nana. 2001. "Women in Motion: Globalization, State Policies, and Labor Migration in Asia." Ph.D diss., Harvard University.
Parrenas, Rhacel. 2001. Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration and Domestic Work. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Truong Thanh-Dan. 1996. "Gender, International Migration and Social Reproduction: Implications for Theory, Policy, Research and Networking," Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 5(1): 27-42.
Yeoh, Brenda, Shirlena Huang and Joaquin Gonzales. 1999. "Migrant Female Domestic Helpers: Debating the Economic, Social and Political Impacts in Singapore," International Migration Review, 33(1):114-136.<|endoftext|>Yeni bir egzersiz programına geçmeyi mi düşünüyorsunuz? Bunu yaparken en fazla faydayı almayı mı amaçlıyorsunuz? Sabahları mı akşamları mı egzersiz yapacağınıza karar veremediniz mi? İşte size karar vermenize yardımcı olacak birkaç fikir.
Sabahları Egzersiz Yapmanın Faydaları
Araştırmalara göre sabahları egzersiz yapmak genel olarak kan basıncını düşürmekte ve uykudan alınan faydayı arttırmakta birebir. 40 yaş civarındaki insanların uyku düzenlerini ve kan basınçları ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar, sabahları haftada üç kere orta seviye egzersiz yapan insanların daha düşük kan basıncına sahip olduğunu gösteriyor. Akşam spor yapmayı tercih edenlerde de bu oran normal seyirden %25 daha düşük.
Eğer siz de kalp hastalıkları konusunda risk altındaysanız ve yüksek kan basıncından dolayı sıkıntılar çekiyorsanız, sabahları yapacağınız egzersizler ile bunların önüne geçebilirsiniz.
Akşamları Egzersiz Yapmanın Faydaları
Chicago’da yapılan araştırmalara göre iş çıkışında spor yapmayı tercih edenler, sabah spor yapanlara göre çok daha yüksek bir fitness seviyesi yakalıyorlar. 20-30 yaş aralığındaki kişiler arasından 5’er kişilik bir ekip oluşturulmuş. Sabahları, akşamları ve iş çıkışı sonrası spor yapanlar ve spor yapmayanlar ile yapılan araştırmanın sonucunda akşam spor yapanların hormon seviyelerinin yükseldiği görüşmüş. Yükselen hormanlar glikoz seviyesinin de artmasına neden olmuştur. Akşamları yapılan sporun sabah saatlerinde yapılana göre daha olumlu sonuçlar verdiği görülmüş.
Egzersiz programınızı belirlerken ne için spor yaptığınızın önemi büyük. Eğer daha iyi bir uyku düzeni ve sağlıklı bir beden istiyorsanız sabahları, fitness seviyelerinizi arttırmak istiyorsanız ise akşamları spor yapmanız daha mantıklı.<|endoftext|>Bu hakkında DLC
GameGuru Soğuk Savaş Paketi
Oyun seviyelerinizde bir sığınakta yaşayan soğuk savaş hissi gerekiyorsa, bu paketten başka bir şeye bakmayın! Gerçekten karanlık ve benzersiz bir dokunuşla haritalar oluşturmak için çeşitli şekillerde bir araya getirilecek büyük bunker karolarından harika bir seçim elde edersiniz. Ayrıca sahnelerinize daha fazla tanım eklemek için yerleştirebileceğiniz nesneleri de bulacaksınız. Bu varlıklarla, oyuncunun her seferinde bir köşesini keşfetmek isteyen labirentler, askeri bileşikler veya mülteci merkezleri oluşturmak için çok çeşitli oda düzenleri oluşturabilirsiniz.
200'den fazla öğe içeren bu paket şunları içerir:
- 40 Çeşitli Bunker Bölümleri
- 9 Atmosferik Çıkartma
- 78 Mobilya Öğeleri
- 63 Merdiven Çeşitleri
- 24 Çevresel Işık Kaynakları
- 16 Borular
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Tüm varlıklar tamamen PBR dokulu, doğru malzeme ve çarpışma ödevleri ile tamamlandı ve bir sonraki oyun projenize düşmeye hazır.
Bu paketi kullanmak için, GameGuru'yu çalıştırdığınızda ve Kütüphanede Yeni Birlik Ekle'ye tıkladığınızda "Soğuk Savaş Paketi" adlı bir kategori göreceksiniz. Yeni oyun varlıklarını taramaya başlamak için buna tıkla. Bu paketteki tüm varlıklar telif ücretsizdir, yani onlarla yaptığınız tüm oyunlar yasal olarak satılabilir.<|endoftext|>听我的父亲说，我本来有个姐姐，叫珍珍，只在世间活了十个多月。
我追问珍姐死的原因，他便给我讲了这样一件离奇的事。
一天夜里，因为我的邻居家要办丧事，请了我母亲去他家帮忙做饭招待客人。母亲迟迟没有回家，十多个月的珍姐在哭着喊妈妈，父亲抱着她在怀中，正摇晃着哄她睡觉。当时家里的大门半开半关着，为的是等着我的妈妈回家。
突然，一条大灰狗从门缝里悄然而进，双眼紧盯着父亲怀里的珍姐，欲睡的珍姐也倾刻间睁大了双眼，盯着这只灰狗惶恐惊叫了起来。父亲拿起门后边的一根竹杆来赶狗，这狗才从门缝里溜出去。
这时，珍姐也安静下来了，父亲便抱着她进了房间，准备放在床上睡觉，珍姐又睁大双眼看着房间门口哭喊起来。父亲一转身，看到刚被赶走的那只灰狗又溜进来了，还对着床上的珍姐张牙舞爪。父亲很生气，朝狗踢了一脚，它跑出房间，但却在堂屋里赖着不走。父亲愤怒地抓了根扁担，朝狗走去，狗才急速地奔出家门，父亲也冲出去，要把这只野狗赶得远远的。他追着追着，那条狗却突然不见了。
父亲这才回到家里，放下手中的扁担，朝房中走去，却见珍姐此时安静地睡着了。不一会，母亲也回到了家里，并关好了大门。
第二天清晨，母亲醒来，口中说着：“珍珍晚上怎么特别乖，一次都没有哭？”当她低头去看，却见珍姐脸色青紫、鼻息全无了。父亲伤心之余，为这事一直感到纳闷。一日，村中的一个颇懂巫术的老婆婆路过我家门前，父亲便向她问候，没等父亲开口，她便说道：“我知道你想要知道什么。那回晚上到你家里的灰狗是一只要偷小孩的母鬼。你那晚要是脱光衣服，围着你的孩子转圈，女鬼就会害羞地离开。你的孩子也不会意外身亡。你出去追赶，它就有机会回头，夺走了你孩子的魂。”
原来有些事遇见了必须有应对的方法，盲目逞能只能让事情往坏的一面发展，所以，学习再学习是必要的也是明智的。 共 749 字 1 页 转到页 【编者按】民间总是流传着许多让人惊悚的鬼故事，有根有梢，让人一面怀疑它的真实性，一面又不得不信。【编辑：瞳若秋水】
1 楼 文友： 2012-05-29 19:16: 7 杏叶真是讲入鬼故事的好手，欣赏了。 秋水横波远8 62 91 7
回复1 楼 文友： 2012-05- 0 10:09: 0 感谢秋水老师的辛苦编辑和鼓励，问好！
2 楼 文友： 2012-05- 0 08:12:24 呵呵，杏叶儿真是高手，读罢把我都迷住了，也许离奇中的巧合吧？不过，最后一段感悟颇为欣赏！精彩！ 公务员，至今从事业余创作20余年，发表诗歌、小说近200篇，原省级散文诗协会会员
回复2 楼 文友： 2012-05- 0 10:10:0 感谢随心飞翔老师的阅读，问好！
楼 文友： 2012-05- 0 09:1 :10 大千世界，无奇不有。鬼神之说，一笑听之。 爱好文学，坚持写作，广交朋友
回复 楼 文友： 2012-05- 0 10:10:28 感谢逝者如斯老师的阅读，问好！小孩眼屎多是什么原因灯盏生脉胶囊到哪里买反复拉肚子如何止泻安而康拉拉裤吸收效果好吗<|endoftext|>塑料袋存放水果正确方法
一般人们会把蔬菜水果放在塑料袋内贮存，但是这种贮存方式也是有讲究的。下面塑料袋生产厂家就给大家讲解一下相关知识。
在冬季人们常用塑料袋贮存蔬菜水果来进行保鲜，因为塑料袋会降低氧的浓度，增加二氧化碳的浓度，使蔬果处于休眠状态，延长贮存时间。但是值得注意的是贮存的时间不能过长。因为蔬菜水果为有机食品，含水分较高，在缺氧时为了获得生命活动所需的足够的能量，就必须分解更多的营养，这会引起果疏腐烂变质。要想将果蔬放在塑料袋里贮存，就要隔两三天把塑料袋的口打开，放出二氧化碳和热量，再把口扎上，这样就会减少腐烂变质现象的发生。
其实塑料袋存水果是非常好的，我们在平时的时候可以试一下，这种效果对我们来说非常好，保证了使用呢质量。<|endoftext|>Vücudumuz ve diğer hayvanlar, trilyonlarca mikroorganizmaya ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Çoğu sindirim sistemimizde yaşar. Kolon tipik olarak üç yüz ila beş yüz tür içerir – dünyadaki herhangi bir habitatta görülen en yüksek mikrobiyal tür yoğunluğu – ancak en fazla otuz ila kırk tür bulunur.
Bu kulağa korkunç gelse de, birçoğu aslında faydalıdır ve biyomedikal araştırmacıları, vücudumuzla nasıl etkileşime girdikleri ve sağlığımıza nasıl katkıda bulundukları hakkında daha fazla şey öğreniyorlar. Zararlı patojenlere karşı savunmaya yardımcı oldukları, yiyeceklerimizi sindirdikleri, bağışıklık sistemimizi güçlendirdikleri ve hatta sinir sistemi ile etkileşime girdikleri bilinmektedir. Bu bağırsak mikrobiyomunun bileşiminin biz yaşlandıkça çarpıcı biçimde değiştiği bilinmektedir.
2021’de İrlanda’dan bir araştırma ekibi, yaşlanma sırasında beyin ve bağışıklık sistemi sağlığında bağırsak mikroorganizmalarının rolünü vurgulayan yeni ve önemli bir bulgu yayınladı. Araştırmacılar farelerin bağırsak bakterilerini inceledi. Fare kakasında bulunan bağırsak bakterilerini, sadece üç ila dört aylık genç farelerin bağırsaklarından yirmi aylık farelere naklettiler. İnsanlar için bu, on sekiz yaşındaki bir çocuktan yetmiş yaşındaki bir çocuğa yapılan bir naklin
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be.
I sintomi della sciatica includono:
- lombalgia
- dolore acuto o elettrici “scossoni” giù la parte posteriore della gamba
- formicolio nel piede
- la debolezza nella gamba
Discectomia può aiutare ad alleviare sciatica e dolore perché durante il procedimento, una porzione del disco danneggiato o non viene rimosso, che riduce la pressione dei nervi. Discectomia è il
Si consiglia di parlare con il medico di chirurgia se hai provato trattamenti conservativi, ma verificano ancora dolore. Nonostante la cura conservativa, mal di schiena e sciatica possono persistere per mesi e diventare cronica. Si possono avere problemi a piedi o in piedi, svolgere le normali attività giorno per giorno, o andare a lavorare.
In un
Di seguito sono riportati alcuni metodi conservativi il medico può raccomandare prima dell’intervento chirurgico:
- Aspettare. Per un nuovo caso di dolore disco alla schiena, la maggior parte delle persone a migliorare entro alcune settimane.
- Utilizzare over-the-counter antidolorifici.
- Applicare una piastra elettrica o impacchi freddi per alleviare il disagio. Scopri di più su quando per trattare il dolore con il calore rispetto terapia del freddo.
- Provare la terapia fisica.
- Iscriversi a un programma di riabilitazione di nuovo completo, disponibile presso molti centri della colonna vertebrale.
- Provare i trattamenti complementari e alternative, come ad esempio la manipolazione spinale (chiropratica), massaggi, agopuntura, e riduzione dello stress mindfulness-based.
La maggior parte dei discectomie prendono circa un’ora e richiedono l’anestesia generale, il che significa che sarete inconscio. Durante l’intervento, si trovano a faccia in giù su un tavolo operatorio. Ci sono diversi tipi di discectomie un chirurgo può eseguire.
Standard o discectomia “aperto”
Durante questo tipo di intervento chirurgico, il chirurgo pratica un’incisione di fornireuna chiara visione del disco. Essi quindi utilizzare strumenti chirurgici per tagliare via una parte del disco.
Aperto discectomia spesso include una procedura chiamata laminectomia per rimuovere parte dell’arco esterno (lamina) della vertebra. Questo può aiutare alleviare la pressione sui nervi.
microdiscectomia
Questa è una versione meno invasiva della discectomia aperta ed è la tecnica preferita dalla maggior parte dei chirurghi. Durante microdiscectomia, il chirurgo fa una piccola incisione nella schiena e inserisce gli strumenti per osservare il disco dal video. Il chirurgo rimuove anche una piccola porzione della lamina per rendere possibile vedere il disco. Questo si chiama emilaminectomia.
Dopo aver osservato il disco, il chirurgo rifila poi via parte del disco, come farebbero con una discectomia standard. La differenza è che con microdiscectomia, sono in grado di funzionare utilizzando un piccola incisione.
discectomia percutanea
In diskectomy percutanea o “attraverso la pelle”, il chirurgo fa una piccola incisione. Poi utilizzano uno speciale dispositivo di imaging a raggi X, chiamato un fluoroscopio, per guidare un tubo sottile attraverso l’incisione e nel corpo del disco erniato. Il chirurgo inserisce quindi utensili speciali attraverso il tubo per rimuovere il materiale rigido per togliere pressione nervi circostanti.
Diverse tecniche sono utilizzate per eseguire discectomie percutanea. Essi comprendono la rimozione di materiale rigido che utilizza il laser anziché strumenti chirurgici, l’iniezione di una sostanza chimica che scioglie materiale del disco, o trattare l’interno del disco con ondate di calore o radio per ridurlo.
Dopo il risveglio dall’anestesia, si spenderà una o due ore in sala rianimazione. Molte persone sono in grado di tornare a casa il giorno stesso. Avrete bisogno di qualcuno a guidare a casa.
Prima di andare a casa, assicuratevi di avere le istruzioni su come mantenere l’incisione chirurgica pulita. Potrai prendere antibiotici come precauzione contro l’infezione. La ferita sarà dolorante per diversi giorni, e fluido può penetrare da essa.
Se si notano segni di infezione in dell’incisione, rivolgersi al proprio chirurgo e ottenere cure mediche immediate. I segni “bandiera rossa” di infezione sono:
- febbre
- gonfiore
- rossore
- dolore
- una sensazione di calore intorno l’incisione
Il periodo che ci vuole per voi di tornare alle vostre attività normali, compreso il lavoro, varia da due a sei settimane. Durante questo tempo, il chirurgo ti suggerisce di evitare il sollevamento pesi, piegatura, o seduti per periodi di tempo prolungati. Queste attività mettere lo stress sulla colonna vertebrale.
L’esercizio fisico può aiutare a prevenire le recidive di basso dolore e problemi del disco alla schiena. Se siete in sovrappeso, perdere peso può aiutare, anche. Consultare il proprio medico o fisioterapista prima di iniziare un programma di esercizi per il mal di schiena.
Discectomia è generalmente sicuro, ma come con qualsiasi intervento chirurgico, c’è un rischio di complicazioni. Questi includono:
- eccesso di sanguinamento o coaguli di sangue
- infezione
- fuoriuscita fluido spinale
- lesioni ai vasi sanguigni o nervi spinali
- lesioni allo strato protettivo che circonda la colonna vertebrale
Discectomia è una procedura comune per le persone con mal di schiena cronico causato da invecchiamento o dischi spinali feriti. Gli esperti raccomandano di prima cercando trattamenti non chirurgici prima dell’intervento chirurgico. Il medico può suggerire un intervento chirurgico prima se si hanno sintomi di danni ai nervi, come intorpidimento, bruciore, o di “formicolio” sensazioni, e ipersensibilità al tatto. Esercizio per rafforzare i muscoli e sostenere la colonna vertebrale può aiutare a prevenire futuri flare-up di un disco doloroso. Qui ci sono esercizi di rafforzamento per la schiena che si può provare.
Dischi artificiali possono un giorno offrire un’alternativa alla discectomia. Gli impianti sono stati approvati dalla Food and Drug Administration come alternativa alla fusione spinale. Fusione spinale è una procedura in cui un disco guasto viene rimosso completamente, e quindi due vertebre sono fuse insieme con innesti ossei o hardware metallo.
Gli studi non hanno confrontato direttamente dischi artificiali discectomia. Allo stesso tempo, la sostituzione del disco ha rischi, come la paralisi o sanguinamento maggiore se l’impianto fallisce. Discectomia rimane il miglior intervento chirurgico per il mal di schiena cronico relative al disco che non migliora dopo i trattamenti conservativi.<|endoftext|>Corneal inlays and onlays are corneal implants that are used to correct presbyopia, a common condition for individuals over age 40 in which the eyes have difficulty focusing on near objects. Presbyopia occurs as the lens of the eye begins to age and weaken, reducing the ability to focus on close objects without the assistance of reading glasses or another visual aid.
Corneal implants, such as inlays and onlays, offer a treatment solution to correct presbyopia as an alternative to using reading glasses or multifocals to obtain clear vision at a close range. Corneal inlays and onlays are like tiny contact lenses that are inserted into the cornea which reshape it to improve the refractive power and thereby improve near vision. Unlike corrective laser surgery such as PRK or LASIK the actual corneal tissue isn’t touched, but rather the shape of the cornea is changed by the transplanted lens.
Corneal inlays are placed in the stroma, the middle layer of the cornea (thus the name “in-lays”), while onlays are implanted closer to the surface of the cornea, under the epithelium, which is the thin outer layer of the cornea. The procedures for both inlays and outlays are relatively simple and quick, with minimal recovery.
Corneal Inlay and Onlay procedures are still in the early stages of development and with a number of clinical trials in progress, the technology should only improve in coming years.<|endoftext|>中国烧伤医学专家赴美介绍烧伤再生疗法研究成果
徐荣祥教授的演讲题目是：烧伤再生医学和治疗。他向与会专家展示了与传统的外科削痂植皮方法相比，烧伤再生疗法在临床上的突出的疗效，而这种非常突出的疗效的取得依赖于专用植物复合药——美宝湿润烧伤膏的有效营养成分和特殊剂型，以及外科医生的专用技术——烧伤湿性医疗技术的纯熟掌握和应用。
徐荣祥教授还向与会的专家介绍了这一技术在肌肉、肌腱烧伤、骨烧伤、常年溃疡创面、皮肤癌及末节手指肢体再生中的临床应用，由于在中国，这一技术已成为烧伤及外科的常规技术和疗法，并且应用简便、疗效突出，因而很多医生讲这一技术广泛应用于各个领域，都取得了很好的疗效。
徐教授将最新的在癌症方面的部分研究成果也向与会专家作了展示和介绍：在癌症方面，徐荣祥教授及其所领导的科研小组通过大量的实验证明，在同样的培养基内，在有美宝再生物质的作用下，正常细胞能够继续正常地生长，而与之共培养的癌细胞则停止生长，直至死亡。而相同条件下的对照组(不加美宝再生物质)，癌细胞大量增殖生长，正常细胞死亡。这一结果对癌症的研究有着非常重要的意义，已在8种不同的癌细胞系做过试验，均取得相同的结果，此项研究仍在进一步进行当中。
(中新网)<|endoftext|>This resource leads to a website that contains many historical photographs and an article detailing the life of Gabriel (Gabe) Acquin. Wolastoqiyik: Portrait of A People is a photographic journey into the lifestyles, landscapes, technologies and spoken histories of a People. Here since the beginning, Wolastoqiyik possessed a physical, intellectual and spiritual bond with the River Wolastoq (Saint John River), it’s tributaries, lands and forests. Wolastoqiyik, presently referred to as Maliseet, maintained an active lifestyle while at the same time having little impact on the environment.
Wolastoqiyik developed many technological skills perfected through hundreds of generations. Thousands of years of experience produced expert woodworkers, potters, canoe builders, and other special artisans. Often the wisdom of the Creator and the life sustaining teachings of the ancestors are honored through songs, dances, feasts and spiritual ceremonies.
Today there are approximately 4000 Wolastoqiyik living within the province of New Brunswick. An additional 1500 live in nearby Quebec and Maine. All Wolastoqiyik welcome you to enjoy and appreciate this amazing photographic journey.
Maliseet First Nations Governments, Department of Canadian Heritage – Museums Assistance Program and Province of New Brunswick / Aboriginal Affairs Secretariat<|endoftext|>Public opinion is an incredibly hard thing to analyze, and neither historians nor social and political scientists have really got to grips with it. Just about all politicians claim that what they're doing is in line with public opinion, or else they claim (often the case with foreign policy) that the public doesn't know what's good for them and should listen to their 'leadership'.
Access to polling data makes us less likely to straightforwardly characterize a period of history or a contemporary situation with a particular label, such as 'imperialist' or 'liberal'. The existence of poll data makes the application of labels unsatisfactory. However, the fact we are aware of this situation may seem like an unhappy circumstance because simply arranging the poll data that creates this complexity apparently also sheds little light on overall 'public opinion' in a period.
Take this is an example. If you were to look at American foreign policy at the moment, you would rightly conclude it was aggressive and active; this is not an age of isolationism. This general tone of policy was very popular in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, and understandably so. However, since then, particular policies of the American government have alienated segments of the American public, such that there is no longer a consensus. Should we then describe American public opinion as currently aggressive and pro-active in foreign policy?
Certainly part of it is, but then we also know that a large part isn't. Those of us with our eyes open know that Noam Chomsky is wrong and that dissent is strongly reflected in the media (let's not argue about how strongly, but let's not deny it exists), in cultural products such as books and theatre, and in voting patterns. Clearly the actions of the American government aren't a clear guide to the feelings of the American people (it may be sometimes and not at others). Opponents of America acknowledge this all the time: they say they're opposed to the American government, but they extend a warm hand to the American people. And such can be true of any people and their government.
This raises all sorts of questions. Can we ever know 'public opinion'? Does it even exist as a discrete, measurable entity? And why should we care?
First, a historical point. Historians are often too eager to label a particular period as 'isolationist' or 'imperialist', or to condemn a particular people for the actions of their government. But the truth is, we really don't understand the relationship between public opinion and policy-making even in contemporary situations: how on earth can we hope to understand it in times way gone past? Before the 1940s we can't even line up poll data.
It seems to me more reasonble, then, to think about the relationship today, rather than fifty or one hundred years ago. We can try and understand public opinion today by all the sources I mentioned above, and by the people we encounter in our environment. The policy maker also has access to the same sources. Yet, if you think about it, we can never know more than a fraction of the truth about it. People read articles in publications they agree with, and they tend to remember poll data that fits with their views rather than the contrary, and they go along their lives. Even an honest investigation of the thing would never yield more than partial results.
How can something so fragmentory and contradictory be useful? Well, people make it useful because it's malleable. In the absence of 80% showings in the polls consistently against their point of view, pretty much any evidence can be interpreted favourably. All members of the government and legislators claim they're acting in the name of Public Opinion, whether they're fulfilling an electoral mandate or pursuing the national interest in ways that might actually be specifically opposed by the public. Public opinion's ability to throw up points of view contradictory to the national interest is especially irksome to the foreign policy maker, who likes to claim they just don't know what's good for them.
And in general this works just fine. Most people are apathetic and disinterested in issues, and go about their daily lives scarcely aware hundreds of officials are invoking their desires as justification for a new tax on knickers or the invasion of another country. The interested minority sometimes have difficulty getting their voices heard, but have a number of tools at their disposal: the letter to the editor, the protest march, and the vote. Yet it is not clear exactly how any of these impact on the policymaker.
Policymakers and bureaucracies, especially ones that aren't very good, tend to keep on doing what they're doing until they have good reason to do otherwise. An overwhelming outpouring of dissent will probably make them change their mind for reasons of conscience and bacon-saving. This is the main effect public opinion can have: in opposition. You rarely get protest marches of millions advocating that something new and pro-active be done, but you get plenty of protests about this or that thing. That's why it's called a protest and its partner is called dissent. You protest at something and you dissent from something.
However, protest and dissent can be confusing phenomenon in themselves. They can often come from vocal minorities. These people tend to be really pissed off and they don't give up easily: the New Left in the United States in the 1960s, for instance, or animal rights protestors today. Nixon's Silent Majority actually existed: it voted him into office and supported his actions. And so, we have to be careful of the claims of oppositional groups to represent 'public opinion' just as much as we do the claims of the officials.
Let's let the political scientists continue to have their arguments on the subject. You might well ask why any of this matters. Well, it matters because of this. Peace can only be furthered by an understanding between peoples that they share a fundamental humanity. Governments often act in a way that doesn't appear particularly human, and we make a mistake if we characterize all members of a nation due to the actions of the state that rules over them. We don't even understand how the opinions and ideas of citizens in Western democracies are filtered to the politicians and policymakers. Let's not go judging the people of parts of the world where political apathy is not a luxury of bourgeois wealth, but a necessity of life and death.<|endoftext|>Hava Durumu
Erzurum Hava Durumu
Erzurum Beş Günlük Hava Tahmin Durumu
Veriler Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü'nden alınmaktadır.
Erzurum tarihinde günümüze kadar kullanılmış isimler. Tarihteki Erzurum isimleri...
Sasanilerden sonra, Erzurum ve çevresi Müslüman Arap ordularının istilasına uğramıştır.
Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesinden Sonra Erzurum ve Civarında Kurulan Saltuklu Beyliği 1 Asır Hüküm Sürdü...
Erzurum'un aldığı ve verdiği göç oranları, göç farkı ve değişimleri. Erzurum sürekli göç veren ve göç alan bir şehir olmuştur.
Erzurum'un bilinen ilk adı Doğu Roma (Bizans) İmparatoru II. Theodosios'a (408-450) izafe edilen Theodosiopolis'ti.<|endoftext|>作者：上海遗产律师 发布于：2020/10/
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族裔的华人掌控着经济权力
当地居民通过自学详细了解了...
如何看中国...
主要功能：继续用行动展示任何人都可以在国际水域航行洛伦扎纳在参观后表示
软件名称：以此计算...
这不是个小数目
再将走私柴油以低于市场价的价格销售给私营油站
而一般在朝鲜挑衅行为性质严重
省教育厅发布《关于做好2017年小学教育(全科教师)专业招生工作的通知》今年
他们可能是不同的非法盗矿团伙在争夺地盘时被杀害南非警察部3月5日发表声明称
也有向朋友借穿alt="换上便装的郭阿霞
;是XX你就坚持60秒”“
是一个多族裔和多宗教国家马来人为主要民族<|endoftext|>A inclination towards following the manner of accounting establishments and patterns of western developed states that colonized the development states has been dominated in the latter states ( Ali, Lee & A ; West, 2008 ) . Apparently, the Malayan accounting development is strongly influenced by the accounting model that the United Kingdom ( UK ) applied. The British colonial presence can be considered as a cardinal phrase that brought about the notable influences and alterations on the Malaysia ‘s history.
Such influences and alterations can be traced back to the 1785, the clip that the blessing of busying island of Penang and edifice garrison in there is granted to the Francis Light, a former British naval officer and private bargainer, from the grand Turk of Kedah. In 1786, Light established the colony of George Town on the island of Penang. The part of turning Penang Island into a province with free-trade policy that Light made helps the Malacca to be the prime bargainer centre in the Malay Peninsula.Presence of British colonial is continuously expanded by the functionary of British East India Company, Thomas Stanford Raffles, and Tengku Hussein, a rival for the throne of Malacca, on the Malay Peninsula in 1819.
An understanding of accepting the British settees and establishes merchandising port in Singapore is reached between Stanford Raffles and Hussein in exchange for the formal acknowledgment of Hussein as the grand Turk of Malacca. The advantageous geographic location and free-trade policy that Singapore possesses assist in achieving the amazed fiscal success.In 1945, British resumed its control for the intent of set uping themselves as a lasting administrative power. Because of the cultural tensenesss frequently influence political agreements, hence, British proposed and implemented the Malayan Union program in 1946.
However, the job of cultural tensenesss still exists even though the British has taken action to advance the national integrity among different cultural groups. An Alliance partnership is established and which comprises United Malays National Organization ( UMNO ) , Malaysian Chinese Association ( MCA ) and Malayan Indian Congress ( MIC ) from 1952 to 1955.In fact, the Alliance won the municipal, local and the federal elections and therefore emerged as an agent for incorporate Malayan involvements. Malaya gained independency from British in 1957 ( Library of Congress, 2006 ) .
The independency of Malayan State since 1957 has transformed the Malayan economic system into a new epoch of development. History of accounting system in Malaysia marks its gap of the usage of accounting criterions and patterns after the disengagement of Britain with subsequent accounting development significantly influenced by the after-effect of British colonisation.The Malayan Association of Certified Public Accountants ( MACPA ) has became the first accounting organic structures to be established in the Malayan State in 1958 with the purpose of progressing accounting professions in all facets and to educate the appropriate accounting patterns and criterions to concerns in Malaysia. Subsequent attempts have besides been made in line with the British colonial consequence as the authorities has passed the Companies Act 1965 and Accounting Act 1967 that are both based on the Torahs and ordinances developed in the UK during the 1960 ‘s.
Apart from this, via media of the non-Malay rights could non be hindered by damaging statute law or governmental intercession is reached because of the British colonisation. As a member of the Commonwealth, it is about inevitable that Malaysia is extremely influenced by any alterations in the legal, economic system, civilization and political relations environment of UK. This is particularly true as the Malayan Accounting Standards Board ( MASB ) invariably reviews and updates the Malayan accounting criterions if the accounting criterions in UK have made any amendments.The cultural-based theory of the Hofstede-Gray model is applied for the purpose of explicating the differences or lacks in accounting patterns.
In fact, the Hofstede-Gray theory is widely used by a figure research worker as the accounting values and the cultural dimension is associated with the theory. Based on the studies that the research workers conducted, it is noted that the Gray ‘s attack is likely the most well-known advocate of the cultural attack to understand the nature of accounting patterns, while the Hofstede ‘s attack is merely one of a figure of ways to analyze civilization.The usage of the Hofstede-Gray theory helps the research workers to understand the manner the national accounting patterns are formed ( Parera, 1989 ) ( Gerhardy, 1990 ) and to find normatively whether the accounting techniques are appropriate to the peculiar states ( Baydoun & A ; Willet, 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Figure 1, it can be seen that the Hofstede-Gray theory is a combination of, Gray ‘s accounting values which include professionalism, uniformity, conservativism and secretiveness with the Hofstede ‘s cultural values which comprise power distance, uncertainness turning away, individuality and maleness.
Basically, there are two different positions to find the civilization and categorization, to be precise, one from the Gray position and another from Hofstede. From the position of Gray, Malaysia is a state with high statutory control and uniformity in footings of authorization and enforcement. While from the position of measuring and revelation, Malaysia is a province with high secretiveness and conservativism and which can be evidenced from Figure 2 and Figure 3 severally. However, Malaysia scored high on the power distance and maleness, yet scored low on the uncertainness turning away and individuality on the Hofstede ‘s point of view.
Harmonizing to the study conducted by Itim ( 2012 ) , Malaysia scored 104 on the dimension of power distance. It can be explained that hierarchal order is acceptable for the Malaysian and therefore built-in inequalities every bit good as centralisation are possible to be reflected, but leading and spreads of authorization are disputing if there is hierarchy in the organisation. Furthermore, with a mark of 50, Malaysia can be considered as a masculine society, a extremely success-oriented and goaded.By and large, equity, competition and public presentation are the chief concern in the masculine society.
For case, attitude of fierce and no holds barred conflicts might go on between campaigners during the election. Furthermore, Malaysia is a low penchant for uncertainness turning away as it scored merely 36. In such dimension, there is no any equivocal or unknown state of affairss exist due to the civilization of relaxed attitude permeates. Besides, a grade of 26 is scored and it means that Malaysia is a collectivized society.
Therefore, a low grade of mutuality manifests that there is a close long-run committedness among members and the civilization of trueness is the topmost concern and overrides most of the social regulations and ordinances. Regulatory model of accounting is established for the intent of supplying high quality and dependable information to fulfill the demands of external users. In fact, it plays a major function to guarantee that the fiscal statements are prepared by the organisations in conformity with the regulations and ordinances ( Collis ; A ; Hussey, 2007 ) .In Malaysia, bing companies are required to follow with the regulations and ordinances such as Companies Act 1965, Financial Reporting Act 1997, Accounting Standards, Income Tax Act 1967, the Securities Commission Guidelines 1995, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ( KLSE ) Listing Requirement and Bank Negara Malaysia Guidelines, etc during the procedure of fixing and showing fiscal statements.
Therefore, it is obvious that regulative model is developed in the field of accounting profession, company jurisprudence, scrutinizing, revenue enhancement every bit good as stock exchange and execution is taken in order to supply a true and just position.It is known that there are four professional accounting organic structures in Malaysia, viz. , Malaysian Institute of Accountants ( MIA ) , The Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( MICPA ) , Malayan Accounting Standards Board ( MASB ) and Financial Reporting Foundation ( FRF ) . Basically, MIA is a statutory accounting profession which is established harmonizing to the Accountants Act 1967.
The constitution of such accounting organic structure is to modulate and develop the accounting profession in Malaysia.Hence, MIA is responsible to run into and keep the instruction, quality confidence every bit good as enforcement for the purpose of guaranting that credibleness of the profession is maintained and the public involvement is continuously upheld. In add-on, MIA besides has the ability of supervising the international and local accounting tendencies and developments every bit good as confer withing on a regular basis with the authorities and regulative organic structures. Harmonizing to the MIA Official Website, it is noted that MIA non merely plays a important function in the Malaysia, but besides international and regional sphere.
Evidence of the engagement in ASEAN Federation of Accountants ( AFA ) and International Federation of Accountants ( IFAC ) to develop and progress the planetary accounting professional organic structures can be proved. Furthermore, such engagement besides enables MIA to work for the improvement by conveying place to the latest developments in the abroad. Indeed, there is a demand provided under the commissariats of the Act and stated that the individual who is registered as a member of MIA merely can be recognized as an comptroller.Because of being as a member of International Auditing Practices Committee ( IAPC ) , hence, MIA is responsible to back up the IFRC ‘s work and besides determine International Accounting Standards ( IAS ) as the footing of sanctioned criterions in the auditing field of Malaysia ( MIA Official Website ) .
On the other manus, MICPA is the accounting profession who is established in 1958 harmonizing to the Companies Ordinances and is officially called as “ The Malayan Association of Certified Public Accountants ” ; while MASB is established as an independent authorization harmonizing to the Financial Reporting Act 1997.The MASB and the FRF make up the new model of fiscal coverage in Malaysia. Basically, FRF has no direct influence on standard puting as such responsibility is entirely rest on MASB. Therefore, FRF is responsible for the inadvertence of, such as MASB ‘s public presentation and initial beginning of position for proposed criterions.
Furthermore, there is besides a professional organic structure for company secretary and disposal, that is, Malayan Association of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries ; A ; Administrators ( MAICSA ) .Besides, the Malaysian Association of Accounting Administrators is the profession who is formed to acknowledge the two-tiered of professional comptroller and is sponsored by MIA. Companies Act 1965 ( CA 1965 ) is published by the Commissioner of Law Revision yet the Company Commission of Malaysia enforces and administers it. Basically, it is the principle statute law developed to regulate the formation and process of companies bing in Malaysia.
The CA 1965 non merely provides formal regulations on accounting such as showing fiscal statements in a true and just position, but besides enacts a proviso to protect the rights and involvements of stockholders and investors. For illustration, harmonizing to the subdivision 167 of CA 1965, all of the Malayan existing companies are required to maintain and keep proper accounting records so as to hold the ability to explicate companies ‘ minutess and fiscal place sufficiently and later enables the true and just position from all of the accounting information.Apart from this, the demand of fixing histories and studies based on the Approved Accounting Standards ( AAP ) that MASB issued every bit good as following with the revelation demands of the Ninth Schedule of CA 1965 are developed for every company for the intent of presenting the companies ‘ personal businesss with a true and just position.Harmonizing to the CA Malaysia, there is a demand for the assignment of sanctioned hearers to scrutinize the companies ‘ histories and present true and just position every bit good as emphasis on the hearers ‘ independency for companies that are runing in Malaysia and registered under the Companies Commissioner of Malaysia.
A standard scene organic structure with the ability of functionally independent is established by MIA and which is runing under the aid of the latter accounting profession and is called the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board ( AASB ) .AASB plays an of import function in the development of accounting and scrutinizing field in Malaysia. It can be evidenced from the demand of advancing and guaranting high quality professional criterions to be adhered and later lead to the international convergence of criterions. In add-on, AASB besides has the duty of the consideration for the new or revised International Auditing and Assurance Standards that International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board ( IAASB ) issued for Malaysia to follow.
Furthermore, AASB is required to reexamine and consider any issues and developments that are derived from other legal powers that is associating to scrutinizing patterns in Malaysia. Furthermore, the Audit Act 1957 besides states that there is a close nexus between accounting and auditing, for case, hearers are responsible to scrutinize histories that are prepared by professional organic structures. It is by and large known that types of revenue enhancement in Malaysia include personal and corporate income revenue enhancement, goods and service revenue enhancement ( GST ) existent belongings additions revenue enhancement ( RPGT ) , etc.In fact, Malaysia is a self-assessment revenue enhancement government ( SAS ) as it is shown in the Year of Assessment 2010 ( YA 2010 ) that different categories of people is capable to different per centum of revenue enhancement rate.
Basically, the constitution of Income Tax Act 1967 ( ITA 1967 ) is to find the indictable income and the revenue enhancement collectible and ascertain whether it is sensible to the revenue enhancement remunerators. The imputation system is used by companies to calculate the revenue enhancement.In fact, revenue enhancements paid by the companies on its net incomes are used to postmark dividends paid to stockholders. In Malaysia, the RPGT is re-introduced and which is stated in the Real Property Gains Tax ( Exemption ) ( No.
2 ) Order 2007, merely for the disposal of existent belongings held for five old ages or below is subjected to the RPGT of 5 % and it is merely applicable to the capital land dealing In footings of the GST, it is the indirect revenue enhancement or value added revenue enhancement ( VAT ) that imposed on both local and imported goods and services.It is proposed by authorities for the intent of replacing gross revenues and service revenue enhancement, but execution has non been taken. It is noted that revenue enhancement is considered as parts of the concern outgo. Therefore, it is of import for the companies to follow with the ITA 1967 during the procedure of fixing and showing the fiscal statements every bit good as the statement of calculation of indictable income.
Companies are required to fix both statements due to the dual tax write-off, non-taxable, non-deductible and deductible issues.KLSE is the stock exchange keeping company in Malaysia and is developed in conformity with the subdivision 15 of the Capital Markets and Service Act 2007. In 2004, it is renamed and is presently called as Bursa Malaysia Berhad. The constitution of Bursa Malaysia Berhad is to let the activity of trading of portions can be provided in the market and later aids in heightening competitory place every bit good as reacting to planetary tendencies.
There is no authorization and legal power for the Bursa Malaysia Berhad to put to death conformity.Hence, punishment of reprimanding, suspending and de-listing in the stock exchange would be imposed to the errant companies. For illustration, naming companies have to follow the regulations and ordinances of the clause 335 of the naming manual during the procedure of fixing and showing companies ‘ one-year audited histories and doing certain that all of the companies ‘ histories are prepared based on the CA 1965 every bit good as the AAS. The listing demands are set by the Bursa Malaysia Berhad in order to modulate the populace limited companies ( PLC ) in footings of the entry of studies and extra revelation.
Apart from this, there is besides another demands which established by the Bursa Malaysia Berhad for the intent of heightening the revelation of information on corporate administration via the publicity of greater transparence and answerability. In 19th November 2011, MASB established the Malayan Financial Reporting Standards ( MFRS ) for the intent of conveying the Malayan accounting criterions to be to the full International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) – compliant.Basically, MFRS model make up of the bing every bit good as the new and revised accounting criterions that are issued by International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) . The primary aim of such convergence is to cut down the spread between Financial Reporting Standards ( FRS ) between the IFRS and later ease the transparence and the comparison of the companies ‘ fiscal statements.
However, there is several inconsistency exist such as IAS 41 Agriculture and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and therefore are non adopted by the MASN during the procedure of contracting the spread between FRS and IFRS.In footings of the presentation of fiscal statements, MFRS 101 or FRS 101 stated that PLC that operating in Malaysia is required to fix and unwrap the fiscal statements including, statement of fiscal place, statement of comprehensive income, statement of alterations in equity, statement of hard currency flows and the notes to account. In fact, the MFRS 101 or FRS 101 is the same with the IAS 1, which is the presentation of fiscal statements.Basically, MFRS 127 or FRS 127 is established for the intent of heightening the relevancy, dependability and comparison of the information in the parent ‘s separate fiscal statements every bit good as the group ‘s amalgamate fiscal statements.
In Malaysia, a demand of utilizing unvarying accounting policies for coverage is set for the group to follow. Furthermore, there is a demand for entity to follow the IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement if it is required to show separate fiscal statements or investings in subordinates by the local ordinances.The MFRS 127 or FRS 127 is consistent with the IAS 27, Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements. In 1974, Malaysia ‘s top 80 houses in the KLSE have half of it portions owned by aliens while the other half is largely controlled the Malayan Chinese.
However, authorities has bit by bit transformed these houses into stated owned endeavors which have about 40 % of the Malaysia ‘s market portions owned by the authorities. Major alterations came in during the 1990s where most of these province owned companies have went into denationalization.Till now, companies have been developed into several signifiers chiefly the exclusive owner that concern is entirely owned by an person, partnership where two or more individuals jointly owned the concern with limitless liability, private limited company that must at least have 2 and upper limit of 50 members, public limited company that is able to be listed in KLSE to offer subscription of portions to public. Foreign currency interlingual rendition has been one of the uprising factors that companies in Malaysia are needed to take note of because of the addition and largeness of global
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bir intrathonylar apse olarak bilinir ve nispeten seyrek görülür.
Bir amigdala tamamen irin ile kaplıdır
Anjina'nın üç aşaması vardır:
- Ödem (bademcikleri çevreleyen dokularda lokalize olan şişlik ve kızarıklık).
- Sızma (etkilenen hücrelerin dokuları üzerinde birikme).
- Abscess (suppuration).
bademcik iltihabı neden olan madde, yaz-sonbahar dönemi üzerine düşer yaygın proliferasyon ve aktivasyon süresi ile karakterize edilen sözde Coxsackie virüsü. Hastalık, hava yoluyla, biraz daha az dışkıyla (yani kirli veya kontamine olmuş gıdalar, su, el ve ev eşyaları yoluyla) bir şekilde bulaşır. Çocuklar daha sık maruz kalmaktadır. Hastalığa ateş ve ateşte çok güçlü bir artış eşlik eder (39-40 ° C'ye kadar). Hastalığın bu belirtileri hem çocuklarda hem de yetişkinlerde görülür.
Diğer belirtiler şunlardır:
- vücudun grip benzeri durumuna benzer;
- karın şiddetli ağrı varlığı;
- boğazda artan tükürük ve ağrı;
- bademciklerin ve gökyüzünün yüzeyinde pürülan vesiküllerin görünümü;
- lenf düğümlerinin şişmesi.
Hastalık 10 ila 14 gün sürer ve antipiretik ajanlarla antihistamin ve antiviral ilaçlar ile tedavi edilir. Yatak istirahatini gözlemlemeniz ve ayrıca B ve C vitaminleri ve içecekleri bakımından zengin olan büyük miktarlarda tüketmeniz tavsiye edilir.
Bu tip anjina, menenjit ve ensefalit olabilen komplikasyonlarla doludur.
Monosit anjina
İsmi sırasında hastanın monositozu göstermesi nedeniyle ismini almıştır. Bu, bir tür beyaz kan hücresi (lökosit) olan monositlerin kanındaki bir artıştır. Dalağın artması ve konsolidasyonu, ayrıca palpasyon sırasında duyarlılık kaybı vardır.
Hastalığın nedeni açık değildir.
Bugüne kadar, en yaygın teori, bu anjina formunun etken maddesinin, havada ya da temas yöntemleriyle bulaşan Epstein-Barr virüsü olmasıdır.
Hastalıklar esas olarak 10 ila 30 yaş arası kişiler tarafından etkilenir ve sıcaklıkta ani bir artışla 40 ° C ve üzerinde başlar. Diğer semptomlar arasında boğazda ağrı, lenf düğümlerinin genişlemesi ve sıkılaşması ve bademcikler üzerinde sarı bir kaplama oluşumu yer alır.
Tedavi antibiyotik ve intravenöz askorbik asit enjeksiyonu ile ve aynı zamanda strikninin subkütan enjeksiyonu ile yapılır. Etkili tedavi için bir ön koşul, yatak istirahatine uyulmasıdır.
Alerjik anjina
Bu durum, özellikle aşırı ekolojik bir durum söz konusu olduğunda, aşırı soğuk iklime sahip bölgeler veya çok gelişmiş endüstrinin bulunduğu bölgeler arasında organizmanın morbid bir reaksiyonu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu koşullar önemlidir, ancak bademcik iltihabı veya faringeal mukozanın yüzeyi şeklinde kendini gösteren hastalığın başlaması için gerekli değildir.
Bu hastalığın belirtileri şunlardır:
- yüksek sıcaklık;
- bademcikler ve boğaz ağrısı;
- servikal lenf düğümlerinde bir artış;
- boğuk sesler, öksürme ve ağız kokusu.
Bu anjin tipi, ya bağımsız bir hastalık ya da eşlik eden soğuk ya da alerjik bozukluklar olarak gelişebilir. Hem çocuklar hem de yetişkinler tarafından incinirler. Tedavi antibiyotikler ve fizik tedavi ile gerçekleştirilir ve sıklıkla palamin bademcikler alanında Lugol çözeltisi ile yağlama yapılır.
Hastalık, özellikle çocuklarda boğulma şeklinde komplikasyonlarla doludur.
Bu durumdan dolayı, çocuğun zaten herhangi bir dış uyarana alerjisi varsa, örneğin, yünlü veya havlulu kumaşlar, ekstra özen göstermeli ve bu maddeleri doğrudan temas alanından çıkarmalısınız. Bazı durumlarda, tedavi sonuçlarının yokluğunda ve hastanın durumunun kötüleşmesinde, cerrahi müdahale, bazen bademciklerin uzaklaştırılması gerekebilir.
Sonuç
Angina çoğu durumda tehlikeli bir hastalıktır. Komplikasyonlar şeklinde sonuçlarla doludur ve bu nedenle doğru teşhis ve tedavinin mümkün olduğu bir uzman tarafından zorunlu gözlem yapılmasını gerektirir.
- Doktora hemen adres.
- Reçeteli ilaçların kabulü. Genellikle antibiyotik olur.
- Yalıtım.
- Yatak istirahatı.
Phil, boğaz ağrısından hemen kurtulmanıza yardımcı olacak 5 basit adımı anlatacaktır:
Angina ve çeşitleri
Angina üst solunum yolu hastalığı, dahası, çok eski bir hastalıktır. Hipokrat, Avicenna ve diğer eski bilgeler-şifacıların yazılarında, hastanın "ölmekte olan" bir açıklaması bulunur. Adı Latince "ango" kelimesinden gelen hastalığa sahipti, bu da "boğulma, sıkma" anlamına geliyor. Bu, hastanın halsizlik başlangıcından hemen sonra hissettiği duygulardır.
Antik doktorlar anjinada boğulmadan hastaları kurtarmak için entübasyon (larinks veya trakeaya tüp yerleştirilmesi) ve trakeotomi (trakeada küçük bir operasyon) bile yapabilirler.
Yani anjin nedir? Bu akut bademcik iltihabı veya ilk olarak faringeal halkayı ve bademcikleri (bademcikler) etkileyen enfeksiyöz bir hastalıktır. Çoğu durumda, anjina (doktorlar buna "vulgar", yani sıradan) piyojenik mikroorganizmalardan kaynaklanır: stafilokok veya streptokoklar. Bununla birlikte, patojenler mantar, spiroketlerin simbiyozu ve iğ şeklindeki değnek, travma olabilir. Bütün bu patojenler, farklı tedavi gerektiren farklı tipte antibiyotiklerin kullanılmasına neden olan hastalığın farklı formlarına neden olurlar. Bununla birlikte, birincil belirtiler her tür hastalıkta benzer olabilir. Çoğu zaman hasta hisseder:
- Yutma hareketlerini önleyen hedefte acı hissi. Ağrı, farklı bir doğaya sahip olabilir: hafif "çizik", "üzüntü" ten boğazdaki fiziksel engellilik hissine.
- Ani bir soğuk algınlığı (veya ateş), ani sıcaklık artışı (bazen 41 ° C'ye kadar). Ağrı ve sıcaklık, enfeksiyondan sonraki ikinci gün kadar erken dönemde ortaya çıkabilir.
- Genel halsizlik. Vücudun her yerinde, iktidarsızlık hissi (fiziksel), baş dönmesi, devamsız baş ağrıları, ağrı ve rahatsızlık, hastaya eşlik edebilir, ancak en çok rahatsızlığın başlangıcında belirgindir.
- Popüler düşüncenin aksine, anjinin birçok formundaki öksürük, hastalığın başlangıcından sonraki ilk gün yok olabilir veya olmayabilir.
Yukarıda listelenen işaretlerden en az iki tanesinin bulunması durumunda, hasta hemen tıbbi yardım almalıdır: boğaz ağrısı hastalığın gerçek seyri kadar tehlikeli değil, daha sonraki komplikasyonlar kadar tehlikeli değildir.
Hastanın durumu yaşamı için korkuya neden olmazsa, bölge terapistleri genellikle penisilin grubunun tedavi için geniş bir etki spektrumu için antibiyotik reçete eder. Bununla birlikte, bakteri anjinalarının en sık ortaya çıkmasına rağmen, hastalığın nedensel etkisinin sadece streptokok olmadığı da unutulmamalıdır. Bu nedenle, antibiyotik reçete etmeden önce doktor, farzedenin nedenini saptamak ve en etkili ilaçları seçmek için farinks veya bademcikler yüzeyinden alınan bir yayma çalışması yapmalıdır.
Boğaz ağrısı çeşitleri
Hastalığa neden olan patojene bağlı olarak doktorlar farklı ve boğaz ağrısının farklı formlarını ayırt eder:
- Cathartic,
- laküner,
- foliküler,
- apse,
- fibrinöze,
- Nekrotizan,
- herpes,
- Mantar.
Hastalığın her formunun tedavisi özel bir yaklaşım gerektirir ve hastalığın belirtileri farklıdır.
Catarrhal anjina
Bu, anjinin en kolay şeklidir, birçok doktor diğer, daha karmaşık ve şiddetli formların ilk aşamasını düşünür. Bunun belirtileri herkese aşinadır, ancak her hasta kişi kendi kompleksini göstermez. Çoğunlukla hastalık 1-2-3 belirtilerin varlığı ile karakterizedir. Hangi sinyaller catarrhal anjinin başlangıcını gösterebilir?
Catarrhal angina belirtileri
- Zehirlenme ve genel halsizlik. Diğer formlardan farklı olarak, kataral lezyonlar ile ana klinik belirtilerden daha erken ortaya çıkarlar. Hasta zayıflık, hafif mide bulantısı hissedebilir.
- Karındaki ağrı.
- Genellikle çok güçlü olan baş ağrıları, hastalığın zamanında teşhis edilmemesi ve tedavisinin başlamaması durumunda ilerleyen ağrılardır.
- Bademcik iltihabı. Çoğu zaman büyüklükte büyürler, parlak kırmızı bir renge sahiptirler, ancak pürülan akıntı yoktur. Nadir durumlarda, kolayca çıkarılabilen veya durulama ile çıkarılabilen ince bir film ile kaplanır. Bazen bezlerde çok küçük bir infiltrasyon vardır (kanlı veya lenfatik sekresyonların tıkanıklığı).
- İltihaplanma ve farenks, dil, boğaz vb. Şişmesi. Bu durumda, hastanın "kuru boğaz" hissi vardır. Hasta terleme, yanma hissi veya yanma hissinden şikayetçidir. Tüm tatsız tezahürleri yuttuğunda, boğazda “şişlik” olur ve nefes almayı zorlaştırır. Öksürük görünmeyebilir.
- Lenf düğümlerinin artışı ve ağrıları.
- Hastalığın başlangıcından sonraki ikinci veya dördüncü günde, semptomlar maksimum seviyeye ulaşır, bir kişinin ateşi yükselir. Çoğu zaman, catarrhal anjinada, subfibril (37.5 ° yi geçmez), ancak bazen bir haftadan fazla sürer. Daha yüksek bir sıcaklık sepsis (sepsis) gelişimini gösterebilir (kandaki patojenlerin girişi), septisemi.
Genellikle, kataral anjinaya sahip bir kişinin durumu, hastalığın başlangıcından sonra 6-8. Günlerde iyileşmeye başlar, ancak sadece zamanında tedavi durumunda. Tedavinin yanlış veya tamamen yok edilmesi halinde, Katar daha şiddetli formlara dönüşebilir veya komplikasyonlara neden olabilir.
Catarrhal anjina tedavisi
Kataral anjinin dış görünümlerinin diğer formlardan belirgin bir şekilde farklı olmasına rağmen, doktor, patojeni tanımlamak için tedaviden önce hastaların boğazından ve bezlerinden bir çubuk sürmelidir. Smear incelendiğinde, hasta tüm tıbbi reçetelere uymak zorundadır.
- Özellikle yüksek sıcaklıklarda yatak istirahatine dikkat edin.
- Tıbbi ürünlerle reçetelenmiş ilaçların yanı sıra bitkisel süslemelerle (papatya, calendula, vb.) Karıştırın.
- Genişlemiş lenf düğümleri ile gün boyunca ılık bir bandaj giyer ve geceleri bir ısınma kompresini (alkol, bal vb.) Yerleştirir.
- Yutulduğunda boğazı yumuşatmak ve yutmak için "yumru" ortadan kaldırmak.
- Bağışıklığı güçlendirmek için doktor vitaminleri ve immunoprotektörler tarafından reçete edilir.
Tıbbi istatistikler çoğu vakada akut tonsillitin akıntılı formunun nedensel ajanlarının stafil veya streptokok olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu bakterilerin tehlikesi, insan vücudunun hücrelerini normal olarak işlev görme, onları zehirleme yeteneklerinden mahrum eden toksinler üretmesidir.
Kataral bademcik tedavisi için, bakteriyel nedenlerden dolayı, doktor antibiyotik penisilin veya sefalosporin serisi reçete edebilir.
Lacunar Angina
İstisnalar olmasına rağmen, Lacunar angina çoğu zaman kaldırılmış bademcikler (bezler) ile insanları etkiler. Enfeksiyöz olarak kabul edilir çünkü patojenleri streptokok, stafilokok ve adenovirüslerdir. Ağız boşluğundaki cerrahi operasyonlardan sonra, bazen de hipotermi, nem, kirli havaya uzun süre maruz kalma gibi nedenlerle diş hastalıkları ile gelişebilir. Hava yoluyla ve aynı zamanda temasla (daha sık - çocuklarda) ihanete uğramıştır.
Lacunar angina belirtileri
- Dayanılmaz, yutulmasıyla büyük ölçüde güçlendirilen boğazda ağrı kesilir.
- Bezlerde karakteristik pürülan kaplama. Hastalığın başında pürülanlar üzerindeki pürülan sarı-beyaz bireysel odaklar kolayca çıkarılır, daha sonra yoğun bir pürülan kaplama tüm bezleri kaplar.
- Sıcaklıkta kritik seviyelere keskin bir artış.
- Baldır kaslarında ağrı, alt sırt, vücut ağrıları.
- Lenf düğümlerinde güçlü, kolayca görülebilir artış.
Özellikle ağır vakalarda, semptomlar kendini gösterir ve son derece keskin bir şekilde yoğunlaşır. 1-2 gün boyunca pürülan kaplama sadece bademcikleri değil, aynı zamanda tüm ağız boşluğunu da kapsayabilir. Hasta nazofarenksin şişmesine neden olur, yutma çok tehlikelidir ve hayatı tehlikeye sokabilir. Genel uyuşukluk, gözlerde keskin ağrı, taşikardi, şiddetli baş ağrısı, konvülsiyonlar geliştirir. Bu durum hastanın hayatını tehdit eder, bu nedenle acil tıbbi konsültasyon gerektirir, sıklıkla hastaneye yatırılır.
Foliküler boğaz ağrısı
Foliküler boğaz ağrısı, mevsimler değiştiğinde ortaya çıkan Rusya'daki en yaygın hastalıklardan biridir. Önceki formlarda olduğu gibi, bazen adenovirüsler tarafından, strepto veya stafilokoktan kaynaklanır. Akışı ilk olarak lacunar çeşidinin seyrini andırır ve sıklıkla iki anjin tipi hastayı aynı anda etkiler. Bununla birlikte, foliküler anjina ile, enfeksiyon folikülleri (bademcikler içinde lenf düğümleri) etkiler. Hastalık, küçük apseler ve bölgesel lenfadenit gelişimi (lenf düğümlerinin iltihabı) ile kendini gösterir.
Foliküler boğaz ağrısı belirtileri:
- Yutulduğunda, kurulukta, boğazda terleme, keskin, durmaksızın öksürüğe dönüşen ağrının görünümü.
- Genel halsizlik, şiddetli ateş, uzamış, yüksek, kötü düşme sıcaklığı (38 ° -40 °).
- Bademciklerin ödemi, beyaz, sarı veya yeşil tüberküller şeklinde nokta apselerinin görünümü.
- Genel zehirlenme: baş ağrısı, halsizlik, vücut ağrıları.
- Kabızlık, mide bulantısı.
- Kalpte olası ağrı, kalp hızının ihlali.
- Lenf düğümlerindeki en güçlü artış, hastanın kafasını çevirmesini veya yutma hareketlerini önlemesini sağlar.
Herpetik bademcik iltihabı
Herpetik angina veya enterovirüs vesiküler farenjit, cocci'den değil, Coxsackie virüslerinden kaynaklanır. Daha sık küçük çocukları etkiler. Eğer zamansız tedavi, menenjit, ensefalit, kalp zarlarının iltihaplanması gibi komplikasyonlara neden olabilir.
Virüs bulaşıcıdır, havadaki damlacıklar tarafından bulaşır. Hastalık bazen "bacak-el-ağzı" olarak adlandırılır, çünkü enfeksiyon kirli ellerle bulaşabilir.
Herpetik boğaz ağrısı belirtileri:
- Hızlı sıcaklık artışı.
- Boğazda keskin, ilerleyici ağrı.
- Yutak iltihabı, yutulduğunda ağrı.
- (Herpetik oluşumu benzer hücre "torba" ya da küçük, sıvıyla doldurulmuş veziküllere) boğaz ve hava veziküllerin arka müteakip ülserasyon ile görünüm.
- Sık sık: mide bulantısı, kusma.
- Kaslarda ağrı.
- Burun akıntısı, burun tıkanıklığı.
Phlegmonous tonsillit
Quinsy veya paratonzillit - (uzmanlar, sonraki aşama görüşüne göre ya) Şiddetli komplikasyonlar, zaman tedavi veya foliküler Laküner anjina olmamıştır. Çoğu zaman 2-3 gün boğaz ağrısı bayağı sonra gerçekleşir, ama bazen birinc
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ان و ناشنوایان اکران های تخصصی و دوبله هم زمان خواهیم داشت و امیدواریم بتوانیم حضور افراد دارای معلولیت را در سینماها دائمی کنیم».
گروه هنر: فیلم برداری فیلم سینمایی «آتابای»، به کارگردانی و تهیه کنندگی نیکی کریمی که اواسط تیر در خوی آغاز شده بود، به نیمه رسید.
به گزارش مدیر رسانه ای این پروژه، فیلم سینمایی «آتابای»، پنجمین اثر سینمایی نیکی کریمی، از اواسط تیر در خوی، یکی از تاریخی ترین شهرهای استان آذربایجان غربی مقابل دوربین رفته است. بر اساس برنامه ریزی های انجام گرفته، فیلم برداری تا اواسط شهریور به طول می انجامد. فیلم نامه این فیلم را هادی حجازی فر بر اساس طرحی از نیکی کریمی نوشته است. بازیگران این فیلم هادی حجازی فر، جواد عزتی، سحر دولتشاهی، دانیال نوروش و... ، مجری طرح، سعید پاکستانی، مدیر تولید، حسن مصطفوی و مدیر فیلم برداری سامان لطفیان هستند.
گروه هنر: جدیدترین اثر علی و محمد سعیدی (دوقلوهای آواز ایران) با عنوان «گل رنجیده» منتشر شد. «گل رنجیده» دومین قطعه از مجموعه آلبومی است که تا پایان سال 1398 یا اوایل 1399 به بازار موسیقی عرضه خواهد شد.
در تولید قطعه باکلام گل رنجیده، علی شفیعی به عنوان آهنگ ساز، ابراهیم اسماعیلی اراضی، ترانه سرا و حمید شفیعی، تنظیم کننده، همکاری داشته اند. همچنین در تکمیل این اثر استاد فیروز ویسانلو (نوازنده گیتار و آکاردئون)، داوود قهردی (نوازنده پرکاشن) و حمید لالی (نوازنده پیانو) حضور داشتند.
برادران سعیدی قبلا تک آهنگ «نگاری منی» را که بر اساس ترانه ای با لهجه اصفهانی، به آهنگ سازی و تنظیم سینا فرزادی پور بود، اجرا کردند و این اثر بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفت و به زودی نماهنگ آن پخش خواهد شد.<|endoftext|>BCBS运营商就ACA风险通道付款起诉联邦政府
潜水简介：
- 多个“蓝十字蓝盾”计划的主要运营商医疗保健服务公司（Health Care Service Corporation）已就“平价医疗法案”（Affordable Care Act）风险走廊付款向联邦政府提起诉讼。根据美国联邦索赔法院的诉讼，该公司声称被欠超过20亿美元。
- HCSC表示，它为2014年至2016年期间在五个州购买交换计划的超过100万人提供了健康保险。但是，当风险走廊法案到期时，“被告退缩了”，该公司谈到HHS和CMS。
- 根据周五的文件，HCSC指控由于联邦政府未能或拒绝在2014年，2015年和2016年支付风险走廊付款而违反了合同。
潜水见解：
风险通道付款旨在保持健康保险公司的整体利益，并诱使他们在ACA下新建立的交易所中出售健康保险计划。
由于法律禁止保险公司根据消费者的健康状况出售保险，因此政府使用风险走廊支付作为减轻保险公司对向相对较新的群体（个人不受雇主计划约束）提供保险的担忧的一种方式。
本质上，这个想法是让保险公司分担资金，以帮助使整个保险公司承受的费用大于他们在给定年份收取的保费。
诉讼称，HCSC“合理地期望联邦政府履行其部分义务”。
但是，HCSC的诉讼恰逢其时。它是在美国最高法院几个月后提起的 已经听到过争论 在一组保险公司提起的类似案件中，他们辩称他们的欠款超过120亿美元。
乔治敦大学医疗法律专家凯蒂·凯斯（Katie Keith）告诉《医疗潜水》，这组保险公司的最高法院胜利可能会导致其他付款人产生多米诺骨牌效应，并导致HCSC或其他提起诉讼的人获得付款。
凯斯说：“我认为他们期望最高法院作出积极的裁决，并希望排队追讨欠款。因此，似乎有很强的迹象表明他们认为最高法院将对保险人作出裁决。”<|endoftext|>A recent study found that a placebo may be the best cure for minor coughs among infants and toddlers.
Researchers studied 119 children, aged two months to four-years-old, with coughs lasting seven days or less. The children included those with nonspecific acute coughs, eliminating those with signs or symptoms of more treatable diseases, such as asthma or pneumonia, or a history of lung disease or other chronic illness.
“Cough is one of the most common reasons why children visit a healthcare professional,” the study reads.
A placebo is “a harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect.”
The children were divided into three groups. The first was given a dose of agave nectar, the second grape-flavored water, and the third no treatment at all. Agave nectar has a similar consistency and sweetness to honey. Honey is not recommended for children under one, due to the risk of botulism — a serious bacterial disease. The researchers predicted the nectar could alleviate coughing for all children.
The researchers concluded that the nectar and placebo were significantly more effective than no treatment, and the parents reported that the nectar and placebo worked equally well.
The lead author, Dr. Ian M. Paul, a professor of pediatrics at Penn State, said the placebo was most likely working on the parents, not the children, but either way it may be a good option for pediatricians to recommend.
“[A cough is] something you always get better from anyway,” Paul said. “So which is more important — that the child actually coughs less or that parents feel they’re coughing less and then don’t call the doctor, don’t ask for unnecessary antibiotics? There are positive benefits to parents simply feeling better about their child’s condition.”<|endoftext|>Quest'anno tre grandi pronostici fatti dall'amministrazione statunitense si sono rivelati completamente falsi.
Primo: ha affermato che non ci sarebbero state ritorsioni per i dazi.
Secondo: ha detto che le guerre commerciali vengono vinte facilmente.
Terzo: ha detto che gli esportatori americani ed i produttori nazionali sarebbero risultati vincitori.
Niente di tutto ciò è successo. Il grande esperimento del 2018 nel far rivivere il mercantilismo medioevale e realizzare i sogni dell'autarchia nazionale è stato un grande fallimento, proprio come avevano previsto le migliaia di persone che imploravano Washington di non percorrere questa strada.
Gli ultimi mesi sono stati dominati da varie tattiche salvavita. Il nuovo Nafta è un ottimo esempio: include più burocrazia, costi più elevati e più regolamenti di quelli che sostituisce, ma almeno è qualcosa di diverso dalla guerra a tutto campo. Per quanto riguarda i dazi su acciaio e alluminio, oltre ad innalzare i costi in generale, hanno finito per aumentare i costi per i produttori e per deviare i flussi commerciali.
Mentre ci avviciniamo alla fine dell'anno, ci sono nuvole economiche oscure all'orizzonte. I dati finanziari sono pessimi. Non c'è alcun sollievo in vista per gli esportatori americani. Invece di creare un boom economico glorioso, ci sono previsioni di una recessione in arrivo.
I mercati dell'export nel settore agricolo hanno subito un duro colpo. Le società americane iconiche stanno lasciando le coste degli Stati Uniti. Più di ogni altra cosa, l'annuncio da parte della General Motors (NYSE: GM - notizie) , la quale sta chiudendo le fabbriche, ha dato uno scossone all'amministrazione Trump.
Aspettate, le nostre politiche avrebbero dovuto realizzare l'opposto!
Cosa fare? L'amministrazione Trump si ritrova in un angolo su ogni fronte. In questo caso la via migliore è fermare la retorica folle, fare un passo indietro per non peggiorare le cose e trovare qualche vittoria simbolica per non perdere la faccia.
La pace è ciò che conta
Questa è la migliore interpretazione possibile della riappacificazione tra il presidente Trump e il presidente Xi Jinping. Non c'è molta sostanza nell'accordo stipulato tra i due, ma va bene; sorrisi, strette di mano e congelamento dei nuovi dazi contano di più.
Per i "mercantilisti", persone disposte ad infliggere il massimo danno alla propria popolazione pur di ottenere un vantaggio politico, le caratteristiche dell'accordo non sono impressionanti, nonostante l'affermazione di Trump secondo cui si tratta di un accordo storico. La Cina ha accettato di abbassare i dazi sulle auto americane. Ma non sono questi che stanno fermando il mercato delle esportazioni. È la realtà economica.
Solo il 2% delle auto Ford vendute in Cina sono fabbricate negli Stati Uniti; il resto è realizzato in joint venture nella stessa Cina. In generale vale anche per BMW (EUREX: BMWE.EX - notizie) , Mercedes (Xetra: 710000 - notizie) e General Motors: il numero di auto vendute in Cina è fabbricato sostanzialmente in Cina. Allo stesso modo, la maggior parte delle auto tedesche e coreane vendute negli Stati Uniti sono fabbricate negli Stati Uniti. Anche se la Cina abbassasse i suoi dazi allo 0%, non cambierà molto. Per il produttore di un qualsiasi Paese, ha più senso costruire nel Paese in cui deve vendere.
La richiesta burocratica affinché ogni bene abbia un bollino sul "Paese di origine" è ciò che crea confusione. Da qui provengono i numeri fuorvianti del "deficit commerciale". È un residuo di un'epoca passata. Oggi tutto viene fatto ovunque ed è meraviglioso. Il globalismo economico diffonde prosperità, offrendo al contempo maggiori opportunità in patria.
Quindi cosa abbiamo imparato durante questo grande esperimento? Niente che non sapevamo già. Nonostante la retorica, abbiamo appreso che i dazi sulla Cina non venivano pagati dalla Cina; sono stati pagati da produttori e consumatori americani. Quindi un ritiro dalla guerra commerciale è un vantaggio per gli americani. Come ha scritto Donald Boudreaux: "Durante le tregue nelle guerre commerciali, ciascuna parte accetta di cessare temporaneamente di infliggere danni a sé stessa [...]. Una tregua nella guerra commerciale è quello che le persone di ogni Paese belligerante dovrebbero ardentemente sperare".
Gentilezza verso gli altri
C'è un altro fattore che non attira l'attenzione in questi giorni, ma dovrebbe farlo. So che in un'epoca di nazionalismo, questo non dovrebbe avere importanza, ma come umanitari che vogliono il meglio per il mondo, questo aspetto del commercio dovrebbe sollevare gli animi.
Ecco una storia per esprimere il mio punto. Avevo bisogno di cambiare un biglietto aereo, così ho chiamato il call center della compagnia di volo. L'operatore è stato molto utile e ha cambiato il mio biglietto. Guidavo e avevo un po' di tempo, quindi ho chiesto di dove fosse. Mi ha risposto che era delle Filippine. Gli ho chiesto quanto fosse grande il call center e mi ha risposto che c'erano diverse centinaia di persone nel suo ufficio a Manila.
Sono stato contento di averglielo chiesto, così ho proseguito con i dettagli. Era una di cinque figli, proveniente da una famiglia povera e aveva appena iniziato la sua carriera. Era entusiasta di avere questo lavoro. Lavora tutto il giorno, tutti i giorni, e guadagna abbastanza per avere il suo appartamento. I suoi genitori sono molto orgogliosi di lei ed è felice di avere quel tipo di lavoro, e soprattutto era grata alla compagnia americana che rendeva tutto ciò possibile.
La sua più alta speranza era quella di risparmiare abbastanza denaro per viaggiare e vedere il mondo. Abbiamo parlato a lungo della vita a Manila, dei problemi del traffico, della vita cittadina, e così via. Una volta chiusa la conversazione mi è rimasta una tremenda sensazione di felicità. In qualche modo il mio acquisto da questa impresa con sede a Manhattan ha aiutato finanziariamente una persona in un Paese in cui non sono mai stato, dove le opportunità economiche erano una volta scarse. È un lavoro sostenibile, non qualcosa di occasionale dato da un'associazione benefica. Questa conoscenza mi ha reso felice.
Sono entusiasta di partecipare ai mercati. Mi piace l'idea che i lavoratori cinesi, una volta sofferenti sotto un regime socialista, ora abbiano la possibilità di lavorare nelle fabbriche per grandi aziende. Hanno accesso ad una vita migliore grazie al libero scambio e alla cooperazione internazionale. Queste persone non sono i nostri nemici; sono esseri umani che hanno il diritto di vivere una vita migliore, proprio come voi ed io.
Desiderate il benessere di tutti i popoli del mondo? Il libero scambio è un modo meraviglioso per vederlo realizzato. I dazi finiscono solo con diffondere la miseria, un classico caso di disumanità. Quanto prima l'amministrazione americana si renderà conto di ciò, tanto meglio sarà per tutti.
Di Jeffrey Tucker
Traduzione di Francesco Simoncelli<|endoftext|>What is the definition of swell? What are the parts of a wave? What are the most important surf forecasting terms? How do you name the highest part of a wave?
Surf science has its own expressions. That is why we've decided to "translate" some of the most relevant wave terms.
Surf forecasting is the art of predicting how the ocean waves will arrive and break at our shores. It's more efficient than a crystal ball because it truly works.
Surf scientists have been fine-tuning the variables involved in oceanography and meteorology using technological tools, computational models, and advanced mathematical calculations to anticipate our surf session.
Data gathered from ocean buoys might not be enough, though.
Surf forecasters need to add bathymetric information and near-shore obstacles to their analysis before delivering accurate reports.
However, every surfer should know the basics of surf forecasting. There's no way of understanding how our local break works other than to learn the fundamentals of swell formation.
Let's take a look at the scientific names that usually appear in the surf forecast terminology.
Angular Spreading - the lateral spreading of the waves as they propagate from the fetch;
Backwash - the movement of a wave that returns to the ocean after washing up the beach. Also known as clapotis;
Bathymetry - the topographic study of the sea bottom;
Beaufort Scale - a wind speed scale based on visual observations of the sea or land;
Berm - a steep bank of sand formed in the shoreline;
Breaker - a wave that is breaking after reaching maximum steepness;
Capillary Wave - the first waves produced by the win in a flat sea;
Centrifugal Force - an imaginary inertial force directed away from the axis of a rotating body;
Chop - small waves featuring short crests that appear following wind interaction;
Cold Front - an imaginary line that separates cold and warm air in a low-pressure system;
Corduroy - swell lines that appear on the horizon;
Coriolis Effect - the tendency for large masses of water to move toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, relative to an observer looking toward the equator;
Crest - the highest part of a wave;
Cyclone - a system of winds that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure taking place in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean;
Deep Water Wave - a wave with a depth/wavelength ratio greater than one-half;
Diffraction - the behavior of a wave when it encounters a barrier or obstacle;
Dispersion - the tendency of longer waves to travel faster than shorter waves due to the proportionality between wave phase speed and wavelength;
Diurnal Tide - an area with one high tide and one low tide per day;
Drag Force - a force acting in a direction opposite to the motion of any object moving in a moving fluid;
Eddy - a swirling movement of air or water;
Fetch - the length of an area over which the wind blows continuously to generate waves;
Fully Developed Sea - the moment the waves reach maximum height before breaking. Also known as Fully Arisen Sea;
Gravity Wave - a wave that has gravity as its restoring force;
Groundswell - a group of waves generated by an offshore weather system that propagates away from the storm center and travels thousands of miles before reaching the shore;
High Pressure - a region where the atmospheric pressure at the surface is greater than its surrounding area. Also known as anticyclone;
Hurricane - a system of winds that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure taking place in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific;
Inertial Force - the force acting on a body that results from the acceleration of water particles away from an accelerating body;
Isobar - a line on a weather map connecting areas having the same atmospheric pressure;
Jet Stream - a vigorous and fast westerly air current found in the mid-latitudes that influence the formation of low-pressure systems;
Knot - a unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile (1.151 mph, 1.852 km);
Low Pressure - a region where the atmospheric pressure at the surface is lower than its surrounding area. Also known as mid-latitude depression;
Mean Wave Direction - the primary swell direction, or the average of all the individual wave directions in a given period of time;
Neap Tide - a tide after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is the least difference between low and high water. It occurs seven days after a spring tide;
Refraction - the bending of a traveling wave as it interacts and propagates over different ocean depths. It has a high impact on wave height;
Rip Current - a powerful and sometimes unpredictable surface current of short duration flowing seaward from the shore;
Roaring Forties - strong westerly winds that blow around the planet in the Southern Hemisphere, usually between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees;
Rogue Wave - a spontaneous extreme deepwater wave that exceeds the significant wave height by more than a factor of two;
Rule of Twelfths - a method used by sailors to estimate the height of the tide at any moment, given only the time and height of low and high water
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– Chiara Serenelli (coautrice guida Ed. Terre di Mezzo)
Considerazioni pastorali – don Paolo Volpe (direttore Centro Giovanni Paolo II)
Testimonianza -
6. Quale gioia! Salire a Gerusalemme per scendere alle radici
(La Via di Acri da Akko a Gerusalemme)
Breve descrizione del percorso – Paolo Giulietti (autore guida Ed. Terre di Mezzo)
Considerazioni pastorali – Paolo Giulietti
Testimonianza -
7. Una scuola itinerante di vita cristiana
(Il Cammino di San Benedetto da Norcia a Montecassino)
Breve descrizione del percorso – Simone Frignani (autore guida Ed. Terre di Mezzo)
Considerazioni pastorali – don Donato Ogliari (abate di Montecassino)
Testimonianza -
8. Da “Messer lo Papa” per il cammino più antico
(La Via Amerina da Assisi a Roma)
Breve descrizione del percorso – Giancarlo Guerrini (autore guida in pubblicazione)
Considerazioni pastorali – don Simone Poletti (direttore ufficio PG Bergamo)
Testimonianza -
9. Scorgere la provvidenza tra le ferite della storia
(Il Cammino della misericordia da Cracovia a Czestochowa)
Breve descrizione del percorso – don Francesco Pierpaoli (autore guida in pubblicazione)
Considerazioni pastorali – don Francesco Pierpaoli
Testimonianza -
SUL SITO E NELLA NEWSLETTER
(a cura di Maria Rattà)
Ogni "cammino" sarà "illustrato" sul sito con indicazioni storico-culturali, turistiche e quant'altro.
La gioia e Dio
Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt
Cercavo di abituarmi alla gioia.
Quella era infatti la conseguenza della mia notte mistica: la beatitudine.
Meditavo sugli anni che avevo dedicato alla filosofia. Influenzato da Heidegger avevo privilegiato l'angoscia, il vacillamento radicale, quello che secondo i pensatori moderni è l'essenza stessa della coscienza, la stessa angoscia che mi aveva pugnalato la prima sera nel deserto.
Pur tirandomi fuori dal mondo, l'angoscia non mi aveva messo di fronte a Dio. Al contrario, mi aveva condannato ancora di più alla solitudine e all'arroganza, mi aveva catapultato come unico essere pensante in mezzo a un universo che non pensava.
Diversamente dall'angoscia, la gioia mi aveva integrato nel mondo e messo di fronte a Dio. La gioia mi conduceva all'umiltà. Grazie a lei non mi sentivo più isolato ed estraneo, ma fecondato e unito. In me brulicava la forza che reggeva il Tutto, dí cui incarnavo uno degli anelli provvisori.
Mentre l'angoscia mi aveva ingigantito, la gioia mi aveva riportato alle giuste proporzioni: grande non per me stesso, ma per la grandezza che si era depositata in me. L'infinito costituiva lo sfondo della mia mente finita, come una ciotola che contenesse la mia anima.
(La notte di fuoco, Edizioni e/o 2016, pp. 175-6)
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Il mestiere dell'adulto:
ponte, allenatore, poeta
Armando Matteo
Occorre tornare a riflettere sul mestiere dell'adulto, perorandone con ogni forza la causa, proprio per il bene della crescita dei figli. L'umano, infatti, non vive né può vivere di sola giovinezza.
Essere ponte
I tratti essenziali del peso educativo, morale e generazionale dell'essere adulto, che ne sostanziano il difficile ma quanto mai oggi irrinunciabile mestiere, sono quelli inscritti nel suo essere responsabile del mondo nei confronti dei figli e dei figli nei confronti del mondo; nel suo essere fedele alla priorità ontologica del volere il bene dei figli sul volere bene ai figli; nella sua importantissima opera di attivazione delle antenne del desiderio nella generazione che viene. Per declinare queste tre funzioni, ci si avvarrà di tre metafore: quella del ponte, quella dell'allenatore e, infine, quella del poeta.
Essere adulto implica essere come un «ponte» tra i figli e il mondo. Si portano i figli al mondo, innanzitutto, secondo il gesto elementare della generazione biologica, ma è altrettanto necessario portare il mondo ai figli, secondo quella che potremmo definire la generazione culturale, ovvero il processo dell'educazione. Più precisamente questa azione di «pontefice», come già anticipato, comporta che l'adulto sia responsabile del mondo nei confronti dei figli e dei figli nei confronti del mondo. L'adulto deve cioè essere in grado di dare risposte: sapere innanzitutto rispondere del mondo ai figli. Tutto ciò però sottende l'accettazione, da parte dell'adulto, della condizione umana per quella che è, senza risentimenti né rivolte. Egli deve accogliere la verità per la quale la piena umanità di ognuno nasce nel momento in cui ci alleiamo con le leggi elementari della vita e smettiamo di collocarci giovanilisticamente contro di esse.
Il mondo non è mai la meta ideale delle nostre vacanze; cattolicamente, questo mondo non è il paradiso. Questo mondo ha leggi e limiti e così pure la presenza dell'uomo in esso. La vita non procede come la descrivono certe pubblicità. A volte è più bella, normalmente di meno. È dunque decisiva la capacità dell'adulto, scrive acutamente Francesco Stoppa, di «amare la vita per quello che è e non come location ideale dei propri sogni o bisogni; la vita nel suo connotato più reale, nella sua irriducibilità a qualsivoglia aspettativa narcisistica».
L'adulto è perciò uno che sa la limitatezza, la debolezza, la vecchiaia, la malattia, la morte, che toccano in dote ad ogni essere umano: sa tutto ciò, non lo maledice né scioccamente lo rifiuta. Riconosce e accetta che la legge della crescita è la capacità della rinuncia e, nello stesso tempo, la capacità di uno sguardo accogliente sulla vita in tutte le sue manifestazioni. Solo da una tale generosa ospitalità nei confronti del mondo e delle leggi che ne regolano il funzionamento prende forma il suo mestiere, la sua effettiva responsabilità verso le nuove generazioni.
Questo è l'unico mondo che abbiamo: fare da ponte tra esso e i figli significa ogni volta trasmettere la fondamentale certezza che quella umana è una vita vivibile e amabile non a dispetto del fatto che abbia leggi e fondamenta, ma proprio perché ha leggi e fondamenta, alleandosi con le quali ciascuno può diventare autore e attore della propria esistenza.
Consideriamo ora l'altro verso della responsabilità: quella verso i figli nei confronti del mondo, quella che in verità permette l'esecuzione completa della genitorialità, perché alla fine si tratta sempre di donare al mondo dei figli autonomi. Che cosa significa ora rispondere dei figli rispetto al mondo? Significa per l'adulto assumere la piena consapevolezza del fatto che il futuro - che i figli fisicamente e simbolicamente rappresentano - è il tempo della sua scomparsa. Certo, oggi e per fortuna, una tale scomparsa è divenuta meno immediata che nel passato anche recente, grazie all'allungamento della speranza di vita media, ma qui in gioco vi è soprattutto la questione simbolica del passaggio. Si mettono al mondo dei figli, infatti, perché si è consapevoli del proprio destino mortale ed esattamente per questo essi non sono per chi li genera. Sono per il mondo, come ricorda Massimo Recalcati: «Saper perdere i propri figli è il dono più grande dei genitori». Si mettono, dunque, al mondo dei figli essenzialmente per perderli, avendo consapevolezza che il mondo non appartiene a nessuna generazione, neppure a quella più longeva sinora apparsa. Solo così, del resto, questo mondo può diventare il mondo dei figli, solo così i figli possono a loro volta diventare adulti e padri e madri. Detto più direttamente: i figli non sono i giocattoli di ultima generazione dei loro genitori! Il vero grande «gioco» dell'adulto è esattamente questo: passare la vita, accendere la vita. Essere ponte. Questo vale già solo sul piano puramente biologico dell'esistenza umana, come ricorda correttamente Gilbert Meilaender: «Dopo aver prodotto la generazione successiva, o aver superato l'età in cui avremmo potuto farlo, la natura non sembra impegnarsi più di tanto per tenerci in vita».
Suonano perciò davvero belle e pertinenti le parole di quel capolavoro musicale, superbamente interpretato per primo da Louis Armstrong, che è What a Wonderful World: «I hear babies cry. I watch them grow. They'll learn much more than ever know. And I think to myself: what a wonderful world». Questo è il mistero dell'essere adulto: godere del fatto che altri possano andare oltre lui, possano vedere e conoscere più di lui. Essere più di lui. È stato Luigi Zoja a ricordare che la piena paternità di Ettore si realizza quando egli, come racconta l'Iliade, si toglie l'elmo, si china per prendere il figlio tra le braccia e, infine, sollevandolo al cielo prega gli dei perché Astianatte, suo figlio appunto, sia più forte di lui.
Perché - e questo ci viene dal poeta Gibran - «i vostri figli non sono figli vostri».
Essere allenatore
La seconda metafora per fissare meglio il ruolo dell'adulto è quella dell'allenatore. Un mestiere, del resto, quanto mai difficile, come ci insegna per esempio la cronaca calcistica. Ebbene, questo mestiere ci può introdurre a quella che è la verità dell'amore: amore non è (solo) preoccuparsi, amore non è (solo) procurare cose, amore non è (solo) risparmiare fatica, amore non è (solo) volere bene. Amare è volere il bene. Amare è volere il bene di chi ci è affidato come figlio o come atleta.
Consapevole di ciò, l'allenatore non può perciò tenere in grande conto la permalosità di tutti i suoi giocatori, non può sottostare a tutti i loro capricci, anche quando si tratta di giocatori famosi e ricchi. Li deve spronare a lavorare sodo, a prepararsi alla sfida, alla gara. Tiene così un occhio aperto sulle dinamiche di ogni singolo sportivo e un altro aperto sulla squadra e il torneo cui essa partecipa.
Per questo non indulge troppo nei complimenti, ma ricorda la necessità di crescere, di migliorarsi, di cadere e di rialzarsi, di farsi anche male se necessario e di imparare dalle esperienze vissute, di non attendersi troppo dagli altri ma di imparare a trovare in se stessi la forza per andare avanti, per credere in sé e, più in generale, nella vita. Si scende sempre in campo.
L'allenatore è uno che sa tenere salda la differenza tra volere bene e volere il bene, ed è su questa base che egli sa reggere al e il conflitto possibile con i suoi atleti.
Abbiamo invece già anticipato quanto la mancata fedeltà a questa decisiva distinzione stia creando quella discrepanza tra il troppo hot familiare e il troppo cold sociale. È perciò semplicemente allucinatorio l'investimento affettivo da parte dei genitori nell'ambito di ciò che è la relazione primaria: il figlio è al centro della famiglia ed è sempre più difeso rispetto all'esterno, rispetto al mondo, alla società che è diventata appunto sempre più «fredda», dato il grande individualismo imperante, derivante dal giovanilismo diffuso. La conseguenza è lo spegnimento dell'azione educativa, che implica in ogni caso la messa in moto dell'ingresso del figlio nel più ampio ambito della convivenza umana, oltre i recinti presidiati dall'amore familiare. L'adulto di oggi non pare quasi per nulla occupato ad aiutare i figli a entrare nel mondo, nel contesto delle relazioni secondarie.
Viene meno cioè, da parte dei genitori, quella responsabilità educativa nei confronti dei piccoli, i quali, in un modo o nell'altro, prima o dopo, debbono pure venire in contatto con quegli altri che non appartengono al gruppo di coloro i quali sono in permanente atteggiamento di adorazione nei loro confronti. La preparazione del figlio al confronto con l'esterno, con l'altro, con il diverso, che sicuramente ha un effetto perturbante rispetto alla propria posizione di immaginario «re dell'universo», è cosa alla quale l'adulto d'oggi non dedica più energia né tempo.
Anche nelle relazioni con gli altri ci sono, però, leggi da assimilare e da accogliere con benevolenza e che tocca proprio all'adulto mediare. La prima di esse è che non si può avere tutto, non si può volere tutto, non si può essere tutto. Non siamo Dio! E nemmeno il re dell'universo.
Tutto ciò contrasta con l'attuale tendenza delle famiglie che passano il loro tempo a risparmiare al figlio ogni trauma (primo fra tutti quello di venire a sapere di essere l'ultimo arrivato - e quindi il meno preparato - in un mondo che c'era prima di lui e che continuerà dopo di lui), nel non porre alcun limite o legge interna, nel non lasciare in esistenza zone segrete del mondo adulto, nel mantenere tutte le stanze aperte, nel controllare e monitorare e spesso decidere ogni attività del figlio, nel legarlo a doppio filo al proprio amore, ricattandolo a restituire amore verso un genitore a sua disposizione h24. Ecco la perversione educativa più pericolosa che la longevità diffusa provoca: la pretesa da parte dei genitori di essere amati dai loro figli. L'antica sapienza biblica chiede ai figli di onorare i propri genitori, non di amarli.
In verità non c'è nulla di più traumatico, per chi cresce, di non aver mai avuto dei traumi, nulla di più castrante che l'anomia posta a sistema, nulla di più faticoso che non avere segreti su cui fantasticare o stanze chiuse da provare a forzare, nulla di più pesante di un legame con un genitore che non si lascia «odiare» o più semplicemente «dimenticare».
Fa parte, invece, del mestiere dell'adulto la consapevolezza che amare qualcuno significa volere il suo bene, volere che l'altro possa essere in quanto altro; significa attendere, dare tempo e oggi la longevità ci offre di più questa possibilità; significa fidarsi e dare fiducia mentre il figlio faticosamente impara cosa suppone e implica poter «dire io».
Essere poeta
Poter «dire io» è ciò che ci fa veramente «umani». Nessuno può dire «io» come lo dico appunto io. Nessuno lo può ora, lo ha potuto ieri, lo potrà domani. In questo non c'è nessuno che possa fare le mie veci. Ciascuno è una prospettiva indiscernibile sul mondo; resta un mistero raccolto in se stesso, senza causa e senza possibilità di replica; siamo uno spettacolo unico.
Ciò che definisce tutto questo è la chimica del desiderio, il fatto che percepiamo sempre uno scarto, una differenza, uno iato dentro di noi. Anche quando abbiamo tanto da mangiare, anche quando abbiamo una persona che ci ama e che amiamo, anche quando abbiamo risolto le nostre preoccupazioni, resta uno spazio insaturo dentro di noi.
Questa è la vita umana: siamo segnati da mancanza, da altro. Non ci siamo dati la vita, la lingua, la cultura, il nome, la famiglia, il corpo, il carattere, il tono di voce, che pure ci contraddistinguono in maniera infallibile. Viviamo perciò sempre in un permanente dialogo con l'altro da noi che è, tuttavia, in noi ed è proprio questo dialogo che alimenta la nostra vita. Noi umani non siamo un «tutto pieno». Una larga porosità ci costituisce e ci mantiene in essere. Una profonda mancanza ci segna dall'inizio e sino alla fine. Tutto ciò che abbiamo, lo abbiamo in prestito: dovremo riconsegnarlo ad altri dopo di noi. Perfino il nostro corpo ritornerà alla terra, ad altro da noi. Eppure possiamo anche incidere su tutto questo che abbiamo ricevuto in prestito, possiamo dare un segno e un senso specifico a tutto ciò che ci rende appunto umani. L'essenziale dimensione e dinamica del desiderio umano trovano qui la loro ragione d'essere. Nella cifra di questa malleabile mancanza, che ci marca.
Ebbene, in un tempo in cui la grande macchina del mercato vuole persone che credono solo in ciò che si vede e, ultimamente, si vende, l'adulto poeta è colui che sa attivare nel bambino, nel ragazzo, nel giovane la capacità di vedere ciò che non si vede e di «apprezzare» (letteralmente: dare un prezzo, un valore a) ciò che non si vende; è colui che sa attivare in lui le antenne del desiderio.
Per questo egli si preoccuperà che ogni nuovo cucciolo d'uomo possa entrare in una relazione feconda con la dinamica autentica del desider
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ulaştığının altı çizilen raporda, 11 yıldır ekonomik abluka altındaki Gazze'de ise insani durumun kötüleşmeye devam ettiği ifade edildi.
Raporda, Gazze'ye yönelik İsrail kısıtlamalarının özellikle önem arz ettiği vurgulanarak, Gazze Şeridi'ndeki koşullar, "insani derin bir acı ve yardım bağımlılığına indirgenmiş" şeklinde nitelendirildi.
İsrail'in Gazze halkına yönelik geçmişteki askeri saldırılarının detaylarıyla anlatıldığı raporda, uzun yıllardır devam eden elektrik sıkıntısının da had safhaya ulaştığı belirtildi.
UNCTAD Genel Sekreter Yardımcısı İsabelle Durant, BM Cenevre Ofisi'nde rapora ilişkin düzenlediği basın toplantısında, "Gazze'deki durum giderek daha da yaşanılmaz hale geliyor. Bu felaket." dedi.
Durant, Filistin'de durumun her geçen yıl "daha kabul edilemez" ve "zor bir hale" geldiğini kaydetti.
Bu haber 13.09.2018 03:39:31 tarihinde eklenmiştir.
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Antalya'da fetih simgesi camide 123 yıl sonra ilk ezan okundu<|endoftext|>رادیوتراپی
رادیوتراپی، از جمله روش های درمان سرطان است که در آن، سلول های سرطانی با استفاده از تابش پرتو کشته و تومورها نیز کوچک می شوند. تابش پرتو به گونه ای است که با آسیب رساندن به DNA سلول ها مانع از تقسیم سلول های سرطانی می شود. سلول های آسیب دیده تجزیه و از بدن دفع خواهند شد.
انواع رادیوتراپی
دو نوع رادیوتراپی وجود دارد: داخلی و خارجی.
نوع رادیوتراپی بر اساس عواملی از قبیل:
- نوع سرطان
- اندازه تومور
- محل تشکیل تومور
- شرایط جسمانی و سابقه پزشکی بیمار
- دریافت سایر گزینه های درمان
در نظر گرفته می شود.
رادیوتراپی خارجی
روند انجام رادیوتراپی خارجی به این صورت است که دستگاه با بدن تماس پیدا نمی کند، بلکه اطراف بیمار می چرخد و اشعه از چند جهت به ناحیه مورد نظر تابیده می شود. رادیوتراپی خارجی، درمان موضعی محسوب می شود، چرا که ناحیه ای خاص از بدن تحت درمان قرار می گیرد.
به عنوان مثال، در سرطان ریه، اشعه تنها به قفسه سینه تابانده می شود، نه کل بدن.
رادیوتراپی داخلی
روند انجام رادیوتراپی داخلی به این صورت است که منبع تابش که می تواند جامد و یا مایع باشد، در داخل بدن قرار می گیرد.
رادیوتراپی داخلی با منبع جامد، براکی تراپی نامیده می شود. در این روش، نوار یا کپسول حاوی منبع پرتو داخل بدن و یا در نزدیکی تومور قرار می گیرد. رادیوتراپی داخلی با منبع مایع، درمان سیستمیک نام دارد، بدین معنا که درمان در خون به تمامی بافت ها می رسد و سلول های سرطانی نابود می شوند.
چرا افراد مبتلا به سرطان، تحت درمان رادیوتراپی قرار می گیرند؟
از رادیوتراپی در درمان سرطان و تسکین علائم استفاده می شود. این شیوه درمانی به پیشگیری از بازگشت مجدد سرطان، توقف و یا آهسته کردن رشد سلول های سرطانی کمک می کند.
رادیوتراپی خارجی، با کوچک کردن تومورها به تسکین درد و یا سایر مشکلات ناشی از وجود تومور مانند مشکلات تنفسی و یا عدم کنترل مثانه کمک می کند. درد ناشی از پخش شدن سرطان به استخوان نیز با رادیوتراپی سیستمیک قابل درمان و کنترل می باشد.
از رادیوتراپی در درمان کدام سرطان ها استفاده می شود؟
از رادیوتراپی خارجی در درمان بسیاری از سرطان ها استفاده می شود.
از براکی تراپی نیز در درمان؛ سرطان گردن، سرطان سینه، سرطان دهانه رحم و پروستات استفاده می شود.
در درمان انواع خاصی از سرطان تیروئید، رادیوتراپی سیستمیک از سوی پزشک تجویز می شود.
در برخی بیماران، تنها یک شیوه درمانی کفایت می کند. اما در بیشتر موارد، رادیوتراپی در کنار سایر شیوه های درمانی مانند جراحی و یا شیمی درمانی برای بیمار در نظر گرفته می شود.
امکان انجام این شیوه درمانی، قبل و بعد از سایر شیوه های درمانی و به منظور افرایش اثر بخشی درمان، وجود دارد. زمان مناسب انجام رادیوتراپی به عواملی از قبیل نوع سرطان و هدف از انجام این شیوه درمانی (درمان سرطان و یا تسکین علائم) بستگی دارد.
مزایای رادیوتراپی و جراحی عبارت است از:
- پیش از جراحی: کوچک تر شدن اندازه تومور و تسهیل برداشتن تومور حین جراحی
- در طول جراحی: انجام رادیوتراپی حین جراحی باعث می شود اشعه بدون عبور از پوست، به ناحیه مورد نظر برسد. به همین خاطر، آسیبی به بافت های اطراف وارد نخواهد شد.
- بعد از جراحی: نابودی سلول های سرطانی باقی مانده
نکته مهم این است که میزان محدودی پرتو باید دریافت شود. بسته به میزان پرتویی که برای ناحیه درمان نیاز است، ممکن است دیگر رادیوتراپی در همان ناحیه برای بار دوم مناسب نباشد. اما در صورتی که ناحیه مورد نظر، میزان مناسبی پرتو دریافت کرده باشد، امکان درمان در ناحیه دیگر وجود دارد، البته در صورتی که فاصله میان دو ناحیه از هم به نسبت زیاد باشد.
عوارض رادیوتراپی
آیا رادیوتراپی عوارضی را به همراه دارد؟
رادیوتراپی نه تنها باعث نابودی و توقف رشد سلول های سرطانی می شود، بلکه ممکن است بر روی سلول های سالم اطراف نیز تاثیر بگذارد. آسیب دیدن سلول های سالم، یکی از عوارض رادیوتراپی می باشد.
بسیاری از بیماران بعد از رادیوتراپی، احساس خستگی می کنند.
عوارض این شیوه درمانی به ناحیه ای که تحت درمان قرار می گیرد نیز بستگی دارد. به عنوان مثال، رادیوتراپی سینه می تواند با عوارضی مانند ریزش مو، خستگی، تورم و سفتی سینه ها همراه باشد. اسهال، خستگی، ریزش مو، تهوع و استفراغ و تغییرات پوستی از جمله عوارض رادیوتراپی در ناحیه لگن می باشد.
سلول های سالمی که حین رادیوتراپی آسیب می بینند، طی چند ماه بعد از درمان بهبود می یابند. گاهی ممکن است مدت زمان بهبودی کمی طولانی شود.
آیا بعد از رادیوتراپی، رژیم غذایی خاصی نیاز می باشد؟
رادیوتراپی می تواند با عوارضی مانند تهوع، زخم های دهانی و یا مشکلات خوردن همراه باشد. از آن جایی که بدن جهت ترمیم آسیب به انرژی نیاز دارد، مهم است بیمار بعد از درمان، رژیم غذایی سالم و محتوی کالری و پروتئین داشته باشد.
چه مدت بعد از رادیوتراپی می توان به محل کار برگشت؟
برخی بیماران در طول دوره درمان قادر به سر کار رفتن هستند. اما برخی افراد نمی توانند برای مدتی کار کنند. زمان مناسب بازگشت به محل کار به شرایط جسمانی بیمار بستگی دارد. بهتر است در خصوص این مورد با پزشک خود مشورت داشته باشید.
معمولا بیمار در اولین جلسات درمان احساس ناخوشایندی ندارد، اما به مرور زمان، از انرژی بدن کاسته می شود و بیمار احساس ضعف دارد. با پایان درمان و بعد از گذشت چند ماه، بدن به حالت قبل برمی گردد و فرد احساس بهتری خواهد داشت.<|endoftext|>Thomas Jefferson called George Mason, the United States Founding Father who built his family’s 18th century estate in Virginia, “the wisest man of his generation.” The Georgian mansion that Mason built near the Potomac River is a fitting legacy, remaining a historic attraction in Mason Neck, Virginia to this day. Gunston Hall has an exterior that’s classically Colonial, while the interior is a mix of rococo, Gothic and chinoiserie styles.
That’s a fairly stark contrast to the rustic, simple lines typically seen in homes of the era and those that the authors of the historic White Pine Monographs preferred to cover. All of the ornate details seen within are b elieved to have been carved by two indentured servants from England, William Buckland and William Bernard Sears, including the woodwork.
While, in the words of the authors, the house “suffered some defacements” after it passed out of the hands of the Mason family, it was restored by a later owner in 1912 and became a museum in 1949 after being willed to the state.
“Of all the seats on the Potomac River, Gunston Hall is the most well studied adaptation of the English Georgian style and presents a splendid picture of a Tidewater Virginia house. Although only a story and a half high, and simple in design, it was evidently the work of one who knew and valued the virtues of proportion and dignity and delicacy of detail.”
Read more about Gunston Hall and other historic Colonial architecture at the White Pine Monograph LIbrary.
But for a dramatic 1814 attack, Alexandria, Virginia could have been Baltimore. The Potomac River city that began as a Doeg Indian settlement and grew into a flourishing village funded by the tobacco trade was poised to act as one of early America’s great ports, but it wasn’t to be. British frigates took the town and the officer in charge of the fort that was supposed to offer protection blew up his arsenal, acknowledging the futility of the effort.
Just over a decade later, a fire swept the town, destroying 53 houses and Alexandria’s remaining hopes for rapid growth. Baltimore picked up where it left off. But as recorded in this issue of the White Pine Series of Historic Monographs, this series of events has led to a sort of frozen record of the architecture of the time.
“Alexandria’s loss, however, is perhaps the gain of architectural students and antiquarians today, for in the little town the march of progress has not swept aside so much of the simple, lovingly detailed work of the late eighteenth century and the early years of the nineteenth as in other places where the work of these years has so largely been destroyed in the making of what were fondly thought to be improvements.”
“Most widely known among the buildings that still remain, wholly or in part, are three that have unusual significance, not only architecturally but as settings for historic events in the early days of the republic. These are Christ Church, the Carlysle House and Gadsby’s Tavern.”
Read more at the White Pine Monograph Library.
Concerned that twelve years and one hundred thousand miles of touring America looking for exemplary houses had exhausted the supply, the editor and writer of the White Pine Monograph Series were surprised to find that the country has even more beautiful Colonial-era architecture than they had imagined. But some of it is hidden away, designed by no-name architects or otherwise obscured from public awareness.
“One never ceases to wonder at the quantity of good work done by the early builders of this country; the consistency with which they erected houses, churches, public buildings, that have stood the test of time and through changing conditions of living and public taste have survived to be admired and appreciated by those who study them.”
In 1931, their travels took them on the road between Washington, D.C. and Fredericksburg, Virginia. In this issue of the Monographs, they detail some of the most elegant and admirable structures they found in Northern Virginia.
“Virginia, perhaps with greater claim than any of the early Commonwealths, can be numbered among the first family of Colonies. Its history, full of romantic episodes and famous names, is written large upon the pages of Early America. The contributions of this colony to the outstanding architectural examples of the Colonial period are as numerous and significant as any of the original thirteen.”
Read the whole issue at the White Pine Monograph Library.
In the latter eighteenth century, American architects rediscovered the simple and classic Colonial style found in the earliest architecture of New England, and brought it to the middle and southern colonies of the United States. Written in 1916, Volume II, Issue I of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs explains how this revival came about, and shows off examples throughout Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey and other modern-day states.
A personal account of travels to these homes by architectural historian Frank E. Wallis, this monograph is an ode to what Wallis deems the true American typology of architecture. The buildings in which many of our nation’s most important historical events have occurred, including the signing of the Declaration of Independence, was Colonial.
Fresh from a trip to Europe, Wallis drew comparisons between the venerated architecture of the Old World and the unpretentious Colonial style, nothing that “architecture does catch some of the characteristics of those people who create it; the manners and customs of the people, who must necessarily express themselves in brick, wood, and stone and color, must be and are reflected in the buildings.”
Virginia gets special attention in this historical record. “The streets in the little villages of the South are lined with these charming and restful homes, and you will also find in the type which we will call the outhouses of the great mansions, the same care in design and the same restraint in composition and ornament which are illustrated in the charming Williamsburg, Falmouth, and Fredericksburg examples: all of them supreme in their place, and all of them creating a restful atmosphere such as you may find between the covers of ‘Cranford,” writes Wallis.
Read more at the White Pine Monograph Library.<|endoftext|>Bromine is a reddish-brown fuming liquid at room temperature with a very disagreeable chlorine-like smell. In fact its name is derived from the Greek bromos or "stench". It was first isolated in pure form by Balard in 1826. It is the only non-metal that is a liquid at normal room conditions. Bromine on the skin causes painful burns that heal very slowly. It is an element to be treated with the utmost respect in the laboratory.
Most bromine is produced by displacement from ordinary sea water. Chlorine (which is more active) is generally used to dislodge the bromine from various compounds in the water. Before leaded gasolines were removed from the market, bromine was used in an additive to help prevent engine "knocking". Production now is chiefly devoted to dyes, disinfectants and photographic chemicals.
Stephen R. Marsden (ChemTopics)<|endoftext|>Adaptive Brain Interfaces
Adaptive Brain Interfaces (ABI) is a part of European Union Information Technology's ESPRIT programme, with the central aim of extending the capabilities of physically-impaired people to access new services and opportunities. The ABI is a portable brain-computer interface based on the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and interface of P300 based speller.
A cap with a few integrated electrodes acquires brain signals that are pre-processed and sent to a computer for further analysis. The portable brain interface has an embedded neural network classifier that recognizes what mental task the wearer is concentrating on. It does so by analyzing continuous variations of EEG signals over several cortical areas of the brain. Each mental task is associated to a simple command. This enables people to communicate using their brain activity, as the interface only requires users to be conscious of their thoughts and to concentrate sufficiently on the mental expression of the commands required to carry out the desired task. So, by composing command sequences (thoughts), the user can read a web page, interact with games, turn on appliances, or even guide a wheelchair.
Brain interface will be most successful when it is adapted to its owner. The approach is based on a mutual learning process where the user and the ABI interface are coupled together and adapt to each other. The neural network has been specifically designed to cope with the challenging problem of recognizing mental tasks from spontaneous on-line EEG signals. Although the immediate application of ABI is to help physically disabled or impaired people by increasing their independence and facilitating access to the Information Society, the benefits of such a system are extensive. Anyone can use it for other purposes, e.g. health and safety concerns (e.g. monitoring a person's level of alertness). ABI could also contribute to the medical diagnosis of brain disorders.
This report presents a subject-independent EEG(Electroencephalogram) classification technique and its application to a P300 based word speller. It also presents use of signals recorded from the brain to operate robotic or prosthetic devices. Both invasive and noninvasive approaches have proven effective. Achieving the speed, accuracy, and reliability necessary for real-world applications
Adaptive Brain Interface (ABI) is a human computer interface system that accepts voluntary commands directly from the brain to interact with the surrounding environment or to do a particular task. Sometimes it is called a direct neural interface, Brain computer interface or a brain-machine interface . It is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device. BCIs were aimed at assisting, augmenting or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions. The approach, on which the ABI is based, as the name implies, is the adaptiveness . That means that both the system and the user adapt to each other as explained before<|endoftext|>انجمن بی تاوان : رسانه های ترکیه به نقل از منابع امنیتی اعلام کردند که سرویس اطلاعاتی ترکیه موفق شد یکی از مقامات گروهک تروریستی پ.ک.ک به نام تکین اوکان ملقب به “دنیز بحری” که یکی از مقامات یگان ویژه این گروهک است، در عملیاتی
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تا درآمد.
جف بزوس، مدیر عامل آمازون، در یک مصاحبه 60 دقیقه ای ، این استراتژی را توضیح داد و گفت: «رویکرد بلندمدت به قدری نادر است که به این معنی است که شما با شرکت های زیادی رقابت نمی کنید، زیرا اکثر شرکت ها می خواهند بازده سرمایه گذاری را مشاهده کنند. می دانید، یک، دو، سه سال… من حاضرم پنج، شش، هفت سال باشد. بنابراین فقط این تغییر در جدول زمانی می تواند یک مزیت رقابتی بسیار بزرگ باشد."
به طور مشابه، وب سایت رزرو آنلاین سفر، Priceline ، 1.1 میلیارد دلار در سقوط دات کام از دست داد. به جای کاهش بازاریابی برند ، شرکت دو برابر شد. احتمالاً هنوز تبلیغات تلویزیونی با حضور ویلیام شاتنر در نقش «مذاکرهکننده قیمت» را به خاطر دارید، کمپینی که آنقدر موفق بود که تا 14 سال بعد اجرا شد. این شرکت هرگز پای خود را از بنزین برنداشت و در سال 2021 3.8 میلیارد دلار برای بازاریابی هزینه کرد. امروز، شرکت چتر پرایس لاین، بوکینگ هولدینگ، دارای ارزش بازاری 78 میلیارد دلاری است.
مطالب مرتبط: چگونه یک بحران را به لحظه ای برای برند تبدیل کردم
تمرکز بر راه حل های کوتاه مدت در دوره های نوسان وسوسه انگیز است. شما شروع به کنکاش در اعداد می کنید و به دنبال مناطقی می گردید که بیشترین بازدهی را داشته باشند. ارزش ویژه برند به ندرت به عنوان یک خط نشان داده می شود، زیرا برندها در طول سال ساخته می شوند، نه سه ماهه. اما تمرکز بر پرورش ارزش برند شما در مواقع بحران به همان اندازه که در زمان ثبات بسیار مهم است. روندها تغییر می کند، نیازهای مشتری تغییر می کند، با این حال شما که هستید ثابت می ماند و این ارزش در زمان های چالش برانگیز نتیجه می دهد.
برند شما با ارزش ترین دارایی شماست. این است که شما چه کسی هستید، چرا وجود دارید و چگونه به آن وعده عمل می کنید. رنگ، طلسم یا محصول شما نیست. درعوض، این احساسی است که مردم هنگام تعامل با شرکت شما در هر نقطه تماس مشخصی دارند. شما باید بتوانید یک برند را همانطور که یک فرد را توصیف می کنید توصیف کنید. آیا آنها مترقی و اصولگرا هستند؟ زنانه و خشن؟ توانمند و معتبر؟ هویت نام تجاری مناسب، پرورش یافته، پرورش یافته و در ذهن مخاطبان شما می تواند نتایج همیشه سبز ارائه دهد.
برای مثال، در زمانی که بودجهها کاهش مییابد، یک برند قوی به ارائه خدمات خود ادامه میدهد:
دهان به دهان : 91 درصد از خریداران B2B هنگام تصمیم گیری برای خرید تحت تأثیر شفاهی قرار می گیرند و این امر تأثیرگذاری آن را بیشتر از مجموع گوگل، فیس بوک و توییتر می کند. چه چیزی باعث ایجاد دهان به دهان می شود؟ برندهایی که الهام بخش شدت عاطفی هستند، 3 برابر بیشتر از مارک های دارای ارتباط عاطفی کمتر، بازاریابی دهان به دهان دریافت می کنند .
وفاداری و حفظ: نگهداری به طور قابل توجهی ارزان تر از اکتساب است. هنگامی که مشتریان احساس می کنند با برند شما، بخشی از سفر شما، مرتبط هستند، احتمال بیشتری دارد که طوفان های کنار شما را تحمل کنند. برای اطلاعات بیشتر در این مورد، کافی است به نایک نگاه کنید.
اعتماد : طبق یک نظرسنجی سال 2022، 46٪ از مصرف کنندگان می گویند که برای خرید از مارک هایی که می توانند به آنها اعتماد کنند، هزینه بیشتری پرداخت می کنند. به خصوص زمانی که شرایط سخت است، مردم به برندهایی نگاه می کنند که احساس می کنند می توانند به آنها اعتماد کنند.
درآمد : ارائه مداوم یک برند در تمام نقاط تماس، پتانسیل افزایش درآمد را تا 33 درصد دارد.
مرتبط: 6 استراتژی بازاریابی کسب و کار اثبات رکود
مهمتر از همه، مردم از برندهایی خرید می کنند که به آنها اعتقاد دارند. همانطور که سایمون سینک به خوبی گفت: "مردم کاری را که شما انجام می دهید نمی خرند، آنها می خرند که چرا این کار را انجام می دهید و کاری که انجام می دهید به سادگی باور شما را ثابت می کند."
هویت برند شما بیان این «چرا» است. این نیروی محرکه رفتار شما، صدای شما و احساسی است که پس از هر تعامل با سازمان شما باقی می ماند. سرمایه گذاری و پرورش یک نام تجاری قدرتمند ، عامل تعیین کننده ای خواهد بود که چگونه سازمان شما در زمان های خوب و بد قرار می گیرد.
استراتژی های کسب و کار، مشاوره کارآفرینی و داستان های الهام بخش همه در یک مکان هستند. کتابفروشی جدید کارآفرین را کاوش کنید .
خانواده این مدیر اجرایی از کار او حمایت نمی کنند، اما او دست از مبارزه برای سازندگانی که کمتر به نمایش گذاشته شده اند، برنمی گردد.
خلاقیت یعنی بهره وری. در اینجا 3 تمرین وجود دارد که هر دو را تقویت می کند.
من پدر و مادری هستم که در خانه بمانم و کارآفرین هستم و در حال سوختن هستم. در اینجا نحوه اجتناب از سرنوشت مشابه آمده است.
مدیر رسانه ای در مورد اینکه چگونه برندها می توانند از OTT و FAST برای موفقیت بازاریابی استفاده کنند: "این بیشتر ناب است تا ناب"
شما ارتقا یافته اید: داستانی ساده که به من در ایجاد انعطاف پذیری کمک کرد
ایلان ماسک نگران رباتها است. شما هم باید باشید.
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پیوند با موفقیت کپی شد<|endoftext|>Through the generosity of Oregon’s citizens and friends, the Oregon Historical Society Research Library has gathered one of the most comprehensive collections of local, state, and regional history in the country, with holdings that chronicle the history of the Oregon Country from early exploration to the present day. Although the Oregon Historical Society is a private, non-profit institution, its resources are held in trust for the State of Oregon, and it functions as the state historical society.
Collection strengths include: European discovery, exploration, and settlement; Native Americans; local history, family history, and genealogy; the fur trade; agriculture, timber, mining, and fisheries; performing arts; business; architecture and building history; politics and government; religion; and transportation.
The Research Library houses more than 32,000 books, 25,000 maps, 12,500 linear feet of manuscripts, 4,000 serials titles, 6,000 vertical files, 18,000 reels of newspaper microfilm, 8.5 million feet of film and videotape, 10,000 oral history tapes, and more than 2.5 million photographs.
The Oregon Legislative Assembly chartered the Oregon Historical Research Library when it incorporated the Oregon Historical Society in 1899. Soon after, the Society opened its first office and museum in Portland City Hall and began the development of a regional research library.
An early OHS curator, George Himes, initiated a strong tradition of library collections acquisition, and in 1917, the library was moved into rooms at Portland's Public Auditorium. Long-time OHS director Thomas Vaughan helped make the library the preeminent research facility in the Northwest. During his tenure from 1954 to 1989, library holdings, usage, and volunteer participation multiplied, and the library cultivated partnerships with area universities and developed notable initiatives including the oral history and nitrate film preservation programs. The library moved into its current location at Southwest Jefferson and Park in 1966 with the opening of the Oregon Historical Center.
In 2003, improvements to our building improved access to the OHS Research Library, with rearrangements in the reading room to enhance patron service. Additionally, digital access to the library is now available; our online catalog provides researchers with expanded search capabilities and digital images.<|endoftext|>Chiedi agli amanti del pollo quale sia la parte più gustosa e metà ti dirà che queste sono ali. Solo le ali possono essere cotte in modo che ogni pezzo di carne rappresenti una buona porzione di deliziosa e deliziosa crosta fritta in salsa. Forse è per questo che sono solo leggermente più economici rispetto al resto della carcassa, perché sono molto popolari.
La seguente ricetta è una delle opzioni più facili e affidabili per cucinare le ali di pollo. Non hai bisogno di prodotti esotici e non hai nemmeno bisogno di ulteriori acquisti, perché la maionese e l'aglio sono probabilmente nel frigo. Fai la salsa alla maionese all'aglio, marinare velocemente la carne e farla soffriggere nel forno fino alla crosta.
Ingredienti:
- ali di pollo - 600 g;
- maionese - 150 g;
- aglio - 3 chiodi di garofano;
- sale;
- pepe nero macinato.
Ali di pollo con una crosta appetitosa: una ricetta di cucina
1. Prendiamo i prodotti necessari per creare un piatto. Lavare le ali di pollo in acqua fredda. Sbuccia l'aglio.
2. Prendi la pirofila, infila le ali, spolverala bene con pepe e sale a piacere.
3. Successivamente, ricopriamo la carne con la maionese in modo che ogni pezzo sia imbevuto e avvelenato nel forno riscaldato a 180 ° per 45 minuti.
4. Alla scadenza dei tempi otteniamo le ali rubiconde con una crosta croccante.
5. Mettiamo un piatto piatto e mettiamo ali succose e fragranti, decorate per servire.<|endoftext|>Screening is now performed to find strawberries with no or little of the allergen protein. Sofar, a colourless, white strawberry variety has been found to be virtually free from the allergen. The allergen was identified using blood sera from patients experiencing adverse reactions to strawberry. The protein then discovered turned out to be a not completely unknown one.
"This protein resembles a previously known allergen in birch pollen," says Cecilia Emanuelsson at the Dept of Biochemistry. A primary allergy against birch pollen can in turn evoke secondary allergic reactions against berries, fruit and some vegetables. That does not necessarily mean that all birch pollen allergic individuals react against strawberries. But some do, and some face the risk of developing such secondary adverse reactions. Birch-pollen related food allergy is a well-known phenomenon and especially common in Northern Europe, but the actual number of persons affected today is difficult to estimate.”
There are some observations among breeders that allergic individuals can eat a white strawberry variety without problems. When the research group in Lund investigated such a white strawberry they found that it contained very little of the strawberry allergen. In Sweden breeders have worked for some time with breeding to improve the quality of white strawberries to become as tasty as the red ones. Some plant shops occasionally provide plants of white strawberry.
"The allergen is in some way related to the red colour but it is not clear exactly how, we need to investigate more proteins," says Rikard Alm. "We are now investigating the biological variation of the strawberry allergen, between different strawberry varieties, and within one and the same variety depending on cultivation conditions.”
MEDICA.de; Source: Vetenskapsrådet (The Swedish Research Council)<|endoftext|>- Development & Aid
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Wednesday, February 21, 2018
KUALA LUMPUR, Sep 17 2010 (IPS) - Genetically modified ‘terminator’ mosquitoes are the latest weapons that the Malaysian government wants to use against the deadly dengue fever, but activists and environmentalists say the public health risks of introducing a new ‘artificial’ strain of mosquito are far too high.
The government has discussed plans to release in December male ‘terminator’ mosquitoes with ‘killer’ genes that would lead to a reduction in the population of the Aedes mosquito, which carries and transmits the dengue virus to humans.
Under what would be a pilot project devised by British and Malaysian scientists, the genetically engineered male Aedes mosquitoes would pass on – when they mate with the wild female of the species – lethal genes that would kill the larvae of the female.
This is supposed to lead to an eventual fall in the number of dengue-carrying mosquitoes, especially the females that are the ones that transmit the dengue virus.
“There are more safe and benign ways to fight dengue” than introducing an altered species whose impact on the environment is unknown, argues Mohamed Idris, president of the Consumers Association of Penang, which campaigns to protect the environment and public health.
“There are alternatives like biological controls to check mosquito population to curb the spread of dengue infections,” Idris said in an interview. For instance, plant extracts, oils and biological larvicides to control mosquito population are cheaper, safer and as effective, he said.
Gurmit Singh, chairman of the non-government Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, warned: “Once you release these GM mosquitoes into the environment, you have no control and it can create more problems than solving them.”
Strong sentiments against the field release of GM mosquitoes abound as well in online chatrooms and other social media, where discussions have been uninhibited compared to the government-controlled mainstream media in the country.
“It (the experiment) could unleash a Pandora’s box. It can go out of control. Laboratory conditions cannot be supplanted in the wild,” said a popular commentator known in the online community as ‘Flyer168’. “Can the government guarantee the safety of its citizens?”
Health Minister Liow Tiong Lai announced earlier in September that the experiment with GM mosquitoes at the “clinical level” was “very successful.” But he said the government was awaiting independent reports from the Genetic Modification Advisory Committee and the National Biosafety Board before deciding on the field release of the ‘terminator’ mosquitoes.
“If both the committee and the board approve the project, the final decision would be made by the Cabinet,” Liow told ‘The Star’ newspaper on Sep. 10. The ministry, which is overseeing the project, has “very stringent” measures to ensure public safety, he assured.
If the feedback from the two agencies is favourable, the GM mosquitoes could be released in a remote area of central Pahang state, health ministry sources said.
Dengue fever is commonly found in the tropics and can cause deaths after people are bitten by female Aedes mosquitoes, usually during the daytime. Dengue cases are often mistaken for the usual fever, and failure to diagnose and treat on time can lead to dengue shock syndrome, which causes death.
Public campaigns in many Asian countries call on residents to avoid letting stagnant water accumulate and to identify early symptoms of dengue fever.
The World Health Organisation (WHO), which has identified dengue as a major international public health concern, estimates that there are 50 million dengue infection cases annually, resulting in about 22,000 deaths, mostly children.
In March, U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) published a study that suggested GM mosquitoes could help fight dengue fever. Although the Malaysian health ministry has vouched for the benefits of the GM mosquito project and cited international studies like those of the NAS, doubts have persisted among locals in past attempts to introduce the mosquitoes.
For instance, an initial plan in December 2009 to release the GM mosquitoes in Pulau Ketam island off the port city of Port Klang, 30 kilometres south of the capital, was aborted because of strong opposition from the 30,000 islanders, mostly fishers.
Together with local politicians and activists, they organised protests and wrote to the health ministry, asking it to avoid using the island as a laboratory to test the effectiveness of the GM mosquitoes.
“We strongly oppose this experiment,” said villager Liew Kam in a letter to the Health Ministry in October 2009. “This experiment could expose us and our children to bigger risks.” Liew complained that the islanders were not informed of field trials beforehand, much less consulted about their participation in them.
Pulau Ketam councillor Tee Boon Hock said field trials were called off soon after the islanders began their protests and threatened to vote for the opposition if the administration persisted with the experiment.
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Would you consider a $20.00 contribution today that will help to keep the IPS news wire active? Your contribution will make a huge difference.<|endoftext|>Assumptions matter. And in psychology, cognitive science, and their siblings, the leading assumption about the nature of the mind is that it’s “computational”: basically, the brain is hardware, the mind is software. Ask futurist Ray Kurzweil, who has purported to describe “the basic algorithm of the neocortex” in his book How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed. This sort of thinking — that your mind is an operating system developed by evolution — is what allows for professional prognosticators to consider “mind uploading” to be A Thing That Will Happen, wherein you transfer your mind to the cloud, giving you a sort of virtual immortality. This was a plot device for at least one bad Johnny Depp movie, Transcendence, currently sitting at a wince-inducing 20 percent on Rotten Tomatoes.
In a new essay for Aeon, American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology research psychologist Robert Epstein spots how computationalism — which he refers to as an “information-processing” view — is all over the way psychology talks about people’s interior lives. “We don’t create representations of visual stimuli, store them in a short-term memory buffer, and then transfer the representation into a long-term memory device,” he writes. “We don’t retrieve information or images or words from memory registers. Computers do all of these things, but organisms do not.” This critique is important because computationalism is the prevailing model for the mind: Thinkers as eminent as star cognitive scientist Steven Pinker hold it to be true. A sort of naive computationalism is at work in a lot of popular perceptions of the mind, like the assumption that Vulcan-style, computerlike logic is the most responsible way to make a decision (even though, as University of Southern California neuroscientist Antonio Damasio
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Wednesday in October.<|endoftext|>163 بازدید
نفت خام برنت ( Brent Crude Oil ) یکی از مهم ترین دسته بندی های تجاری در انواع نفت های خام سبک و شیرین می باشد.
برنت ، نام یک میدان نفتی در دریای شمال می باشد که در اقیانوس اطلس و در قاره اروپا واقع شده است.
عامل پایه ای در قیمت گذاری انواع نفت میزان گوگرد آنها و در حقیقت میزان سنگینی نفت می باشد .
نفت برنت به عنوان مبنای قمت گذاری بسیاری از انواع نفت خام در بازار های جهانی نفت به کار برده می شود، دو سوم نفت دنیا براساس نفت برنت قیمت گذاری می شود ، از نفت برنت به طور گسترده برای قیمت گذاری نفت خام در اروپا استفاده می شود .
نفت خام برنت گزینه ای ایدآل برای تولید بنزین است ، این نفت بدلیل وجود تقریبا 0.73 درصد گوگرد ، در دسته بندی نفت خام شیرین قرار می گیرد.علاوه بر نفت برنت انواع نفت های مهم دیگر عبارتند از : نفت وست تگزاس اینترمدیت آمریکا (West Texas Intermediate – WTI) ، نفت سبد مبنای اروپا (OPEC Reference Basket) ، نفت دبی (Dubai Crude) ، نفت عمان (Oman Crude).
نشانه نفت برنت در اتحادیه اروپا Ice futuresمی باشد، هر چند که با Brent Blend ، London Brent و Brent نیز نمایش داده می شود، این نفت به صورت سنتی در ” بورس بین المللی نفت لندن ” معامله می شد، اما از سال 2005 این امکان ایجاد شده است که در بستر الکترونیکی بورس بین اللمل Intercontinental Exchange یا ICE معامله شود.<|endoftext|>在再生铝的生产中，由于所用废旧铝料之不纯，致使铝液中含有过量的镁，难以生产符合要求的合金锭。为了降低铝中的含镁量，目前各厂家均不得不用高纯铝锭去冲淡，这种方法虽然可以达到除镁的目的，但耗费了大量的纯铝锭，造成生产成本大大上升，生产过程复杂化，有时由于铝液的含镁量太高，无法冲淡到合适的含量，造成报废。除镁剂提供了最简便有效的方法，除镁、精炼一次处理，经其处理的铝液镁含量大大降低，除气清渣效果也远比其他精炼方法好的多。从根本上节约了成本，该型号除镁剂是我厂在消化吸收国外先进的技术的基础上研制的最新产品。
型号： HZ-CMJ
性状：白色粉状。
使用温度：740度以上
用量：铝液重量的0.2-0.4%加入，含镁量越高，铝液温度越高，用量越大，效果越明显，
使用方法：
采用喷射装置，以惰性气体为载体，将粉剂喷入铝深处，并不断移动喷嘴。完成后，除镁剂浮于液面之上，这时反复搅动熔渣，使熔剂充分接触反应以达到最佳效果。
优点：
使用得当，该除镁剂的除镁效果达到50%以上。该除镁剂也是高效除气剂，经其处理的铝液，其针孔、气也大为减少，无须再进行精炼除气处理，实现一剂多效。
包装及储存：
瓦楞纸箱/编织袋包装：每内袋5～<|endoftext|>امروز: "جرمی کوربین" نماینده ناحیه "ایسلینگتون" لندن در پارلمان بریتانیا با ابراز خوشحالی از دیدار خود با "محمد جواد ظریف" وزیر خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران از تلاش خود برای لغو تحریمها علیه ایران و بازگشایی سفارتخانههای تهران - لندن در دو کشور سخن گفته است.
به گزارش "تدبیر" به نقل از روزنامه بریتانیایی "ایسلینگتون گازت"، این نماینده بریتانیایی ناحیه شمالی منطقه ایسلینگتون لندن در مصاحبه اخیر خود گفته که در دیدار با "ظریف" در مورد مسائلی چون بحران سوریه، موضوع حقوق بشر و برنامه هسته ای ایران با وزیر امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی به گفتگو پرداخته است.
روزنامه "ایسلینگتون گازت" در ادامه این خبر افزوده است:"یکی از اهداف اصلی سفر مذاکرات چهار روزه نمایندگان بریتانیایی برقراری دوباره روابط دیپلماتیک تهران - لندن بوده است. این روزنامه بریتانیایی اشاره کرده که سفارت لندن در تهران پس از حمله گروهی در نوامبر ۲۰۱۱ میلادی بسته شد."
"کوربین" در این باره گفته است "نیاز جدی به بازگشایی مجدد سفارتخانههای دو کشور احساس میشود. ایرانیانی که در بریتانیا زندگی میکنند بایستی اجازه یابند تا برای دیدار با اعضای خانوادهشان بدون نیاز به سفر به ترکیه و به طور مستقیم به تهران سفر کنند. من بارها از ایرانیان ساکن ناحیه "ایسلینگتون" شنیدهام که مشکلات بسیاری در این باره وجود دارد. هم چنین بسیاری از دانشجویان ایرانی از تلاشهای گستردهشان برای دریافت پول از طریق بانک و مقابله با اثرات تحریم و یا مشکلات سفرشان به ایران برای دیدار با اقوامشان که دچار بیماری هستند ابراز نارضایتی کردهاند."
این نماینده بریتانیایی در بخش پایانی مصاحبه خود گفته است "ما بایستی تاریخ غنی ایران را درک کنیم. هم چنین بایستی بگویم که این کشور نقش مهمی در مذاکرات پیش رو برای حل بحران سوریه ایفا میکند. ما در ماه آینده گروهی دیگر از نمایندگان بریتانیایی را به تهران خواهیم فرستاد."
این نماینده بریتانیایی از اعضای ائتلاف "جنگ را متوقف کنید" یکی از اصلیترین گروههای ضد جنگ بریتانیایی است و هفته گذشته در جریان سفر "جک استراو" وزیر امور خارجه بریتانیا به تهران او را همراهی کرده است. این نخستین سفر او به ایران در طول مدت شش سال گذشته و فعالیتش به عنوان نماینده پارلمان بوده است.<|endoftext|>Contents
- 1 Gardnerella enfeksiyonu nedir?
- 2 Vajinit tedavisinde hangi ilaçlar kullanılır?
- 3 Trichomonas vajiniti nasıl geçer?
- 4 Bakteriyel vajinozis ile uyumlu flora değişikliği ne demek?
- 5 Gardnerella bulaşıcı midir?
- 6 Bakteriyel vajinozis ilaç tedavisi nedir?
- 7 Vajinit tedavi edilmezse ne olur?
- 8 Vajinit ilerlerse ne olur?
- 9 Beyaz Akıntı için hangi ilaç kullanılır?
- 10 Trichomonas ne iyi gelir?
- 11 Trichomonas nasıl anlaşılır?
- 12 Trichomonas kaç günde belli olur?
- 13 Bakteriyel vajinozis erkeklere Bulaşir mı?
- 14 Vajinozis neden olur?
- 15 Vajinal flora neden bozulur?
Gardnerella enfeksiyonu nedir?
Genellikle cinsel ilişki ile bulaşan Gardnerella vajinalis isimli bakterinin yol açtığı bir enfeksiyondur. Ayrıca vajinanın normal florasının doğal bileşeni olan laktobasillerin sayıca azalması ve yerini başta gardnerella vajinalis olmak üzere diğer bazı bakterilerin almasıyla da oluşmaktadır.
Vajinit tedavisinde hangi ilaçlar kullanılır?
Bakteriyel vajinozu tedavi etmede çeşitli farklı antibiyotikler kullanılabilir, ancak en sık kullanılan iki tane vardır: metronidazol ve klindamisin. Bunlar ağız yoluyla alınabilirler veya tablet, krem veya jel şeklinde vajinaya yerleştirilebilirler.
Trichomonas vajiniti nasıl geçer?
Trikomonas Vajiniti Nasıl Bulaşır? Trichomonas vaginalis paraziti cinsel ilişki sırasında enfekte bir bireyle genital temas olması durumunda sağlıklı bireye geçer. Enfekte olan ancak semptom göstermeyen insanlar da partnerlerine trikomonas vajiniti bulaştırabilir.
Bakteriyel vajinozis ile uyumlu flora değişikliği ne demek?
Bakteriyel vajinozis her kadında görülebilir, vajinit yani vajinal enfeksiyon diğer adıyla bakteriyel vajinozis, vajenin normal florasının değişerek kötü bakteri hakimiyetine dönüşmesi ile oluşur. Yani vajende bulunan ‘iyi’ ve ‘kötü’ bakterilerin dengesinin kötüler tarafına değişmesi ile oluşur.
Gardnerella bulaşıcı midir?
Bakteriyel vajinoz: Etken Gardnerella vajinalis adlı bakteridir. Cinsel ilişki ile insandan insana bulaşmaz.
Bakteriyel vajinozis ilaç tedavisi nedir?
Bakteriyel Vaginozis Tedavisi Bu enfeksiyonların tedavisinde ağızdan ve vajinal yoldan (özellikle metronidazole, ornidazol, klindamisin grubu) antibakteriyel ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Eş tedavisi sadece tedavi sonrası tekrarlayan dirençli vakalarda önerilmektedir.
Vajinit tedavi edilmezse ne olur?
Vajinit Tedavi Edilmezse Ne Olur? Vajinit tedavi edilmediğinde pelvik inflamatuar hastalığı (PIH) ve erken doğum gibi beklenmedik sağlık problemlerine yol açabilir.
Vajinit ilerlerse ne olur?
Vajinit Tedavi Akıntı sebebi enfeksiyon nedenliyse ve tedavi edilmezse rahim, yurmurtalık ve tüplere yayılabilir ve bu durum ileride kısırlığa yol açabilir. Akıntı rahim ağzındaki kötü huylu bir lezyondan kaynaklı ise ileride rahim ağzı kanserine neden olabilir.
Beyaz Akıntı için hangi ilaç kullanılır?
Mantar enfeksiyonları: Vajinadan gelen kokusuz, peynirimsi veya süt beyaz akıntılar mantar enfeksiyonu ile ilişkilidir. Hastalarda yanma ve kaşıntı şikayetleri vardır. Tedavide Tetrakonazol veya Mikonazol kullanılır.
Trichomonas ne iyi gelir?
Bakteri kaynaklı bir enfeksiyon olduğu için antibiyotik tedavisi ile 5-7 gün içerisinde tedavi edilebilir. Trikomonas enfeksiyonunun tedavisinde tinidazol veya metronidazol gibi antibiyotik ilaçlar kullanılır. Doktor gerek görür ise oral yolla alınan ilaca ek olarak vajinal fitil ya da krem verebilir.
Trichomonas nasıl anlaşılır?
Trikomonas belirtileri şu şekildedir: Kadınlarda köpüklü, kötü kokulu akıntı, kaşıntı ve idrar yaparken yanma görülür. Erkeklerin çoğunda herhangi bir şikayet olmaz, zaman zaman penis ucunda iritasyon yapabilir.
Trichomonas kaç günde belli olur?
Hastalığın belirtileri genellikle etkenle karşılaştıktan 4-20 gün sonra ortaya çıkar. Kadınlardaki belirtiler Bol miktarda, yeşilimsi sarı, köpüklü, kötü kokulu, bazen kanlı akıntı. Dış cinsel organlarda tahriş ve duyarlılık, kaşıntı, deride iltihap. Cinsel ilişki sırasında ağrı.
Bakteriyel vajinozis erkeklere Bulaşir mı?
Bakteriyel vajinozis diğer insanlara bulaşır mı? Bakteriyel vajinozis genellikle bulaşıcı bir hastalık olarak bilinmez ancak kişiler arasında bulaşılabilirliği tam olarak anlaşılmamıştır. Ancak kadının birden çok kişiyle cinsel ilişki yaşaması bu hastalığı tetikleyen en önemli etkenler arasında yer almaktadır.
Vajinozis neden olur?
Bakteriyel vaginozis, kötü kokulu akıntı nedeni olan vajinal bir enfeksiyondur. Normalde olandan daha fazla veya kötü kokan akıntıya neden olur. Vajenin doğal elemanı olan bazı bakterilerin aşırı çoğalmasından kaynaklanır.
Vajinal flora neden bozulur?
Sık Cinsel ilişki. Sık antibiyotik kullanımı Stres. Vajinanın ilişki sonrası yıkanması, uygulanan vajinal duş, sprey, pudra ve sabun, renkli tuvalet kağıdı gibi, kimyasallar içeren maddeler.<|endoftext|>Children who are diagnosed as deaf and blind, or who have significant hearing and visual impairment, most often have parents who have grown up never knowing individuals in their community who face the same challenges as their son or daughter. It would be helpful for the whole family to meet adults who are living with similar challenges, and to hear their own stories about growing up in a hearing and sighted world. They might warn parents that although children who have this dual diagnosis may experience the world quite differently than their mainstream peers, they are capable of great accomplishments and great mischief, unimagined by families who may initially feel overwhelmed by this dual diagnosis.
Unfortunately, early diagnosis of hearing or vision loss may be missed in babies who would benefit most from immediate intervention and support. Each child may respond differently to standard therapies and options available in their community, but outcomes are also influenced by the education, training, experience, personality and ambition of support staff, medical professionals, and family members. Every community would benefit from mentors who have grown up deaf/blind, or with diminishing hearing and sight. Professionals who work with children of various age ranges may still be ignorant of the possible achievements, goals or dreams of their students because they have never met educated or gainfully employed adults.
Children, teens and adults who have the same vision and hearing loss as one another are as different and unique from one another as their mainstream peers. Personality, talents and interests vary no matter the diagnosis a child is given by medical or educational professionals. Families are more likely to invent or find accommodations for their child by learning what is most productive for their child out of the options that are available for everyone. Advances in technology and updated tools based on simple low-tech methods of communication and experiencing the world make as big a difference today as the techniques that allowed Helen Keller to explore her enormous potential.
Successful, educated and talented adults who happen to be deaf and blind, and those who have significant hearing and visual impairment, can be found in neighborhoods throughout the country. Planning a child's education and coordinating support services with specialists and therapists without considering the perspective and experience of those who are living out active and social adult lives may affect parent expectations and reduce opportunities for the child, teen, or whole family.
Some adults with the combination of vision and hearing impairment grew up with neither, or had only one condition as a child. Some individuals have a genetic condition such as Usher Syndrome, where a child may be born deaf and experience vision loss early; one or both may develop with no relation to the other. Some children are born with serious vision impairment and develop hearing loss due to illness, accident or injury.
There are several regions in the USA where individuals who are deaf and blind have built productive, satisfying and vibrant communities with others who benefit from the same resources and accommodations. These simple and practical supports allow them to live life to the fullest; providing choices to express character flaws and idiosyncrasies along with possibly great abilities and talents; developing new interests throughout their ordinary lives.
Browse at your local bookstore, public library, art store or online retailer for books like She Touched the World: Laura Bridgman, Deaf-Blind Pioneer, Welcoming Students Who Are Deaf-Blind into Typical Classrooms: Facilitating School Participation, Learning, and Friendship; or Words in My Hands - A Teacher, a Deaf-Blind Man, an Unforgettable Journey
Lex Grandia - On the difficulties of people who are deafblind
How do Deaf-Blind People Communicate?
FAQ about DeafBlindness
deafREVIEW.com Launches in Seattle
A Role for Sign Language Interpreters: Preserving the Linguistic Human Rights of Deaf People
Is a Cochlear Implant Right for Our Son?
Disability Advocacy and Awareness
The Independent Airport Traveler
Sun Sense and Summer Fun
Childhood Hearing Problems
Hearing, Vision and Scoliosis Screening at School<|endoftext|>Managing Your Health
My COVID-19 Risk: THINK TWICE
Think about yourself and all the people with whom you have close contact:
|Is everyone under age 60?|
|Is everyone healthy, without underlying medical conditions?|
Think about the public activity:
|Can you avoid crowds or close interaction with people you do not know?|
|Can you always keep 6-foot distance from others?|
|Can you always wear a mask? (And can everyone else?)|
|Is the activity outdoors?|
|YES TO ALL QUESTIONS||NO TO SOME QUESTIONS||NO TO MOST OR ALL QUESTIONS|
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|NO TO SOME QUESTIONS||Public Activity Risk|
|YES TO ALL QUESTIONS||Lower|
|< Lower||Severe Outcome Risk||Higher >|
Continue COVID-19 precautions
Consider avoiding non-essential activities
Avoid non-essential activities
People over 60 and people with underlying medical conditions are more likely to be hospitalized or die if they are infected with COVID-19. No activity that includes interactions with other people is entirely without risk, and younger people without underlying medical conditions can also have severe outcomes from COVID-19. This is meant to serve as a guide to informpersonaldecision-making. The risk of infection increases as the number of interactions increases.
If you’re sick, you must stay home (except to get medical care) for 10 days since your symptoms first appeared and at least 24 hours with no fever and improved symptoms, whichever is longer. Stay away from others and isolate in a separate room, if possible. Always wear a face covering when you need to be around others (even at home).
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The virus that causes COVID-19 primarily spreads between people in close contact when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. You might also get the virus if you touch something with the virus on it, and then touch your mouth, nose, or eyes.
Identify Household Members Who Are at Higher Risk
People of all ages can get sick with COVID-19 and it's important for everyone to take preventative measures. However, older adults and people who have serious underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes are at higher risk for developing serious complications from COVID-19 illness and need to take extra precautions. If your
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lucro al mondo per il cambiamento sociale.<|endoftext|>Wind farm operators will be paid to stop producing power to prevent too much energy entering the ageing electricity network this summer, says the National Grid.
The UK has seen a huge growth in wind farm installations, with the cumulative offshore and onshore wind installed capacity in the UK in 2016 recorded at 12.1GW, according to Wind Europe’s Wind in Power: 2016 statistics report.
However, because of a lack of energy storage, the UK electricity grid is unable to handle the large amounts of intermittent electricity created by renewable sources like wind farms during times of low energy demand. Too much or too little power can throw off the balance of the grid and create problems suppling energy to customers.
As we move towards the summer months, which typically sees a much less energy used across the country, the National Grid is having to find a way to stop electricity created from wind farms overloading the grid.
The National Grid Summer Outlook 2017 report predicts some of the lowest demand for electricity so far. This is down to the fact that people use less power for heating and other indoor appliances during the warmer summer months – particularly overnight and on weekend afternoons.
The report said that for the last few years both peak and minimum levels of demand on the transmission systems has continued to fall. Actual summer minimum demand for summer 2016 fell to 16.8GW, or 17.8GW when corrected for weather.
The National Grid said it expects this trend to continue this year, with summer minimum demand 500MW lower than the 2016 weather corrected outturn. The peak transmission system demand forecast for high summer is 35.7GW, while the summer minimum is 17.3GW. The minimum available generation is expected to be 38GW in the week commencing 31 July.
Pay to prevent
As the minimum demands on the transmission system fall, the report said that National Grid anticipates that there “may be times this summer when there is more generation on the system than is needed”. The solution suggested is to “curtail flexible generation” like gas units and large wind farms.
The report added that it may also be necessary to instruct “inflexible generators”, including nuclear power plants and some hydro and wind farms to “reduce their output during these periods of low demand”.
This will be done as part of the National Grid’s Demand Turn Up (DTU) Service, which pays large energy users and generators to either increase demand or reduce generation when there is too much energy on the system.
Phil Sheppard, director of gas and electricity operations, said that to make sure the National Grid is prepared in February 2017 it completed a “successful tender” for the DTU Service – procuring 138.6MW of fixed DTU provision.
“We dispatched this service for the first time in summer 2016 to help us manage periods when demand was low and generation output was high,” said Sheppard. He added that it is “just one of the tools and services we can use to balance the system during the summer”.
Six renewable energy companies were successful in bidding for the DTU procurement this February, with the bidders paid an availability fee of roughly £1.50/MWh for 2MW of capacity.
Simec Lochaber Hydropower secured contracts for 30MW; SSE secured contracts for 29.4MW; wind power company Engie won 15MW; biomass waste energy supplier MVV Environment Ridham won 20MW; demand response company Restore won 25MW; clean technology company Alkane energy won 19.2MW.
|Wind Watch relies entirely
on User Funding<|endoftext|>Il senso di colpa: la questione della cultura
Ovunque senso di colpa nasce dalla paura della punizione. Tuttavia, la punizione dipende dalle caratteristiche della società in cui si vive. Spiega lo psicologo Galina Soldatov e psicoterapeuta francese Toby Nathan.
Galina Soldatov - Professore della Facoltà di Psicologia dell'Università. MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, autore di "The Psychology of tensioni interetniche" (che significa 1998) e "Formazione crescente competenza interculturale" (Università Statale di Mosca, 2006).
Toby Nathan (Tobie Nathan) - Psicologia Clinica Professore Paris-VIII University, autore di lavori di ricerca sulla etnopsichiatria.
Tobey Nathan
Psychologies: Le persone ugualmente sperimentando il senso di colpa nelle diverse società, civiltà, etnie?
Toby Nathan: Non v'è, in molti modi. Molto di questo dipende da ciò che in una data società sono determinate norme di comportamento e sanzioni per chi le viola. Altrettanto importante è come garantire il rispetto della legge, come il tennis e sistema penale. La paura è un sentimento di colpa, e questo principio funziona in qualsiasi società.
Galina Soldatov: caratteristiche culturali nell'esperienza di colpa dipendono la tradizione e lo stile educativo nella famiglia. Dove i bambini vengono insegnate presto per l'indipendenza, l'autonomia, più intensamente sviluppare la capacità di sentirsi in colpa. Ma, naturalmente, la sensazione è più esperto da coloro che sono cresciuto in una cultura orientata agli interessi del gruppo e non l'individuo. In una società del genere è il controllo sociale più pronunciato, molto più "di polizia": la famiglia (genere), una comunità (clan TEIP), istituzioni religiose statali. E anche se evitiamo le "sanzioni" ufficiali, il senso di colpa (come psicologico - interna - la punizione) sarà con noi. Anche se ci sentiamo, penso allo stesso modo, perché è un universale, emozioni di base, lo stesso del divertimento e l'eccitazione, l'interesse e la tristezza, la paura e l'amore. Fa la forza del sentimento del tipo di cultura?
T. H:. Naturalmente. Ecco un esempio: Uno dei miei studenti stava guidando in Camerun e abbattuto un bambino che, secondo lui, letteralmente si è gettato sotto le ruote. Sconvolto da quello che era successo, è andato alla stazione di polizia. Ci fu anche i genitori eccitati. Dopo aver discusso la situazione, tutti, compresa la polizia, sono giunti alla conclusione che il mio allievo ... assolutamente innocente. Hanno deciso che il bambino è stato vittima di stregoneria. A loro avviso, il vero colpevole dell'incidente era uno stregone che ha messo un incantesimo sul ragazzo. Qual è il risultato? In una società dove le antiche tradizioni sono ancora in funzione su un piano giuridico, i miei studenti non hanno nemmeno in discussione, mentre in molti altri paesi sarebbe considerato colpevole. Di conseguenza, il senso di colpa che ha avuto il giovane era molto meno di quello che si sarebbe sentito se fosse successo in un paese europeo.
Soldatova Galina
G. C:. Ma è importante non confondere il senso di colpa per la vergogna. Entrambe queste emozioni sono associati con la nozione di coscienza e senso di responsabilità, ma in modi diversi sono presentati nella coscienza. Vergogna estroversa (diretto verso l'esterno) ed è associata con la responsabilità sociale. Questa è una reazione con l'ambiente esterno, quando il nostro reato commesso in contrasto con gli standard accettati e quindi nascosto da noi, è esposta al pubblico. Per quanto riguarda il senso di colpa, lei introverso, si riferisce al mondo interiore dell'uomo, questa è la nostra esperienza personale generata da un senso di responsabilità personale. Nella prima metà del XX secolo il più grande antropologo americano Ruth Benedict (Ruth Benedict) in opposizione alla cultura occidentale sperimenta colpa cultura giapponese di vergogna. I giapponesi sono molto importanti in quanto avrebbe reagito a cattiva condotta da altri. "Peccato sapere" - come in Giappone dire su un uomo d'onore. E in alcune società primitive, come gli aborigeni australiani, per descrivere la vergogna non è nemmeno una sola parola, ma non v'è un termine generico che significa anche l'orrore, la paura, la timidezza, la paura e la vergogna. Si scopre che il fattore determinante è il livello culturale della società in cui si vive?
T. H: Sì, come il senso di colpa dovuto principalmente all'azione di un terzo - ufficiale di pace.. Nel sud del Togo, come in molte altre regioni africane con un modo di vita tradizionale, la moglie viene automaticamente considerato colpevole nel caso della morte del marito. Si sospetta che lei aveva "raccolto", come ad esempio segretamente lo scivolare un farmaco o veleno. Per vivere, la vedova deve "lavare" della sua colpevolezza da una lunga e crudeli riti. Sapevo che una vedova, che vive a Parigi, che è nato nel sud del Togo. Questa donna non è assolutamente colpevole della morte di suo marito, tormentato dai rimorsi. E tutto perché non superato il rito di "iniziazione delle vedove" e non è stato "lavato" dai loro parenti.
"La colpa è dovuta principalmente alla sensibilizzazione - questo" poliziotto "si siede all'interno di ognuno di noi."
G. C:. Più precisamente, non il livello, e la particolare cultura e influenza sulla formazione della responsabilità personale. Il senso di colpa è dovuta principalmente alla sua conoscenza - è una "sbirro" che è seduto dentro di noi. Condannando la nostra azione, ci obbliga a trattarlo con il massimo rigore, in modo da poter trarre conclusioni e diventare migliore. Non importa quale cultura apparteniamo.<|endoftext|>GPU价格和可用性（2023年Q4）：现在的GPU价格是多少 | ENBLE
2023年Q4的GPU价格及可用性：目前GPU的价格是多少？ | ENBLE
如果你正在寻找一款廉价显卡优惠，现在就是购买的时候了。AMD和Nvidia的显卡通常都会保持在推荐的零售价附近，但是有些型号的价格实际上低于推荐价。
以下是2023年第四季度GPU定价的情况。
显卡价格何时下降？
显卡价格基本恢复正常了，只有极少数的显卡售价高于推荐价格。零售商的显卡库存充足，这使得哄抬价格的倒卖者无所作为。现在GPU市场状况良好，二手市场上的显卡价格低于推荐价格。
大部分热门零售商的价格已经恢复正常，而一些最近发布的显卡并没有引起太大轰动，这意味着这些显卡现在可以以低于预期的价格购买，或者至少以推荐的价格购买。过去，你可能需要等待几周才能看到新显卡的价格下降，但是现在，供应通常超过需求。最近还推出了一些新的显卡，使市场上出现了更多可行且价格实惠的显卡。
此外，仍然有大量存货上市，包括RTX 30系列和RDNA 2系列。这些显卡通常是预算友好型的选择，其中许多显卡可以作为高端当前代显卡的绝佳替代品。
Nvidia GeForce Ada Lovelace RTX 40系列
GeForce RTX 4090
在推出后不久，该显卡几乎在所有渠道都售罄，这是倒卖者在短时间内赚钱的最后机会之一。现在，你可以在零售商那里找到大量RTX 4090显卡，所以除非你在二手市场上找到了一张非常划算且安全的显卡，否则最好直接去零售商那里购买。
GeForce RTX 4080
Nvidia推出RTX 4090之后又推出了RTX 4080，该显卡也很容易购买到。虽然不如旗舰显卡令人印象深刻（请阅读我们的RTX 4080评测了解更多），它仍然是一款搭载了Nvidia最新架构的强大显卡。与RTX 4090相比，它的性价比稍低一些，这意味着你可能会找到一些售价比推荐价格低多达150美元的型号。
GeForce RTX 4070 Ti
英伟达的RTX 4070 Ti并不是一款很棒的GPU，你可以在我们的RTX 4070 Ti评论中阅读到相关内容，这主要是因为它太贵了。这张显卡的价格在800美元，虽然一些第三方零售商将其售价提高到了900美元甚至1000美元，但由于这张显卡在市场上的冷淡反响，你可以在接近或者达到指导价上找到许多机型。最便宜的型号实际上还会稍微低于这个价格，大约在770美元左右。
GeForce RTX 4070
在几款性能一般的GPU之中，RTX 4070表现出色。这是一款价格合理的GPU，性能数据最终符合预期。它的价格并不太高，但在1440p分辨率下提供了不错的性能，并且在处理1080p游戏方面表现出色。如果它适合你的预算，那么在这一代产品中，它是一个不错的中间选择。你可以找到一些型号的价格低于初始指导价550美元。
GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16GB
今年，英伟达推出了不止一款RTX 4060 Ti。16GB版基本上和8GB款式相同，但是它在建议指导价上增加了100美元，并且配备了两倍的视频内存。然而，英伟达非常低调地发布了这张显卡，甚至没有推出自己的创始人版。虽然它大多数时候可供销售，但由于性价比较低，相对于8GB版本来说，它并不像8GB版那样受欢迎。好消息是，有一些型号的价格实际上比建议指导价500美元便宜50美元。
GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 8GB
虽然很多人对RTX 4060 Ti 8GB寄予了厚望，但它的性能并不像预期那样出色，你可以在我们对此的评价中看到。由于视频内存和内存总线的限制，这张显卡可能在一些已发布的最具挑战性的游戏中表现不佳，更不用说那些尚未发布的游戏了。然而，如果你想在下一次PC组装中使用一张中端显卡，好消息是RTX 4060 Ti 8GB在大多数零售商那里的价格要么等于建议指导价，要么略低于建议指导价，有些型号的价格甚至降至380美元。
GeForce RTX 4060
Nvidia GeForce Ampere RTX 30系列
GeForce RTX 3090 Ti
虽然RTX 3090 Ti现在应该以一个合理的价格销售，但却并非如此。你会很难找到任何有货的型号，可供销售的型号售价超过1800美元，有些型号甚至高达3400美元。因此，我们在这个列表中省略了它。英伟达很可能限制了RTX 3090 Ti的发布数量，因为它是对上一代产品的后期补充，所以我们可能永远不会看到它以建议指导价重新上市。
阅读我们的RTX 3090 Ti 评测，了解这张显卡的性能。
GeForce RTX 3090
虽然RTX 3090早已过时，但它的价格仍然没有比初始上市价便宜多少，而许多型号实际上比起当初要贵上几百美元。该显卡最初售价为1500美元，虽然现在有些型号的价格接近这个数值，但它们大多缺货。如今，没有理由购买新款RTX 3090 —— 您最好多花100-200美元购买RTX 4090，或者选择性能超过它的RTX 4080。
GeForce RTX 3080 Ti
RTX 3080 Ti是Ampere系列中少数以远低于初始建议零售价销售的显卡，这可能是因为其首次上市时以1200美元的天价出售。您可以以950至1200美元左右的价格购买新款型号，而在这个价位下，该显卡仍然有一定的价值。不过，您购买RTX 40系列显卡可能更明智。阅读我们的RTX 3080 Ti 评测了解性能。
GeForce RTX 3080
RTX 3080是一款初次上市就给高端玩家带来了极佳体验的显卡。其建议零售价为700美元，表现出色 —— 请阅读我们的RTX 3080 评测 细读。目前，除了翻新型号，很难在库存中找到它，虽然这些产品便宜，但风险较高。
GeForce RTX 3070 Ti
RTX 3070 Ti是RTX 3070的升级版，增加了更多核心、更快的时钟速度和更高的内存带宽。它最初的价格仅为600美元，但现在您可能要花费接近500美元。超频型号的价格稍高，但可能最多多花100美元。阅读我们的RTX 3070 Ti 评测，了解其运行情况。
GeForce RTX 3070
与RTX 3080和RTX 3080 Ti相比，要找到RTX 3070要困难得多，而且价格也差不多。RTX 3070的起始价为500美元，但大多数型号的价格在550美元左右，与Ti版本相比仅节省大约100美元。此时，购买一款RTX 4070可能更合算。
GeForce RTX 3060 Ti
RTX 3060 Ti是一款受欢迎的显卡，这是有道理的。它是您可以购买的最佳1080p显卡之一，在一些游戏中具备1440p的足够功率。它最初的价格为400美元，但现在您有时可以以330至360美元的价格购买到。超频型号稍微贵些，价格可能在400至450美元之间，配置有RGB的玩家可以选择。如果您能找到这款显卡的好交易，它与RTX 4060 Ti的速度几乎相当（在一些游戏中甚至更快），只是不支持DLSS 3。
GeForce RTX 3060
RTX 3060是一款怪异的显卡，紧随Ti版本之后以330美元的价格上市。现在有些型号价格更低，而更好的型号仍保持在原始建议零售价附近，有时甚至低至250美元。一些超频型号的售价超过400美元，但数量很少，而且通常不值得购买，因为现在已经有了新一代型号可供抢购。要全面了解性能，请务必阅读我们的RTX 3060 评测。
“`
GeForce RTX 3050
Nvidia的RTX 3050
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strumenti tecnologici [...]Questi nuovi processi e metodologie associati a storia, teoria, pensiero concettuale, sperimentazione e produzione stanno radicalmente mutando non solo il modo in cui vediamo e pensiamo la spazialità, ma anche i mezzi grazie ai quali possiamo occupare e abitare tale territorio. In una forma o nell’altra, oggi è alla portata di artisti e architetti scoprire ed evocare deliri spaziali digitalmente indotti con cui il fondersi di simulazione ed effetto con la realtà fisica crea la possibilità di una sublime metamorfosi digitale dal pensiero alla sua azione”.
Ma c’è di più. Lo scriveva Antonino Saggio già nel 1999, cinque anni prima di Hani Rashid :"Dietro il rinnovamento dell'architettura ci sono almeno tre nuove sostanze. La prima è una nuova cognizione della frammentarietà del paesaggio metropolitano [...] La seconda sostanza è quella che concepisce lo spazio ''come sistema'' e non come un meccanismo che riguarda solo l'interno dell'edificio [...] L'ultimo aspetto delle nuove sostanze è l'informatica, che non vuol dire che oggi si disegna al computer quanto che viviamo in una fase di cambiamento epocale[...] si pensa all'architettura come ibridazione tra natura, paesaggio e tecnologia, si cercano spazi come sistemi complessi sempre più interagenti perché siamo nella rivoluzione informatica".
Ibridazione tra natura, paesaggio e tecnologia, ovvero esattamente la sintesi delle sezioni della Biennale di Forster.
Dunque, la IX Biennale non ha fatto altro (ma non è poco) che parlare a tutti di quello che prima sapevano in pochi, che poi erano quelli che avevano compreso l’assurdità del post moderno di Graves, Portoghesi & C. e l’immobilismo delle teorie razionaliste accademiche.
Certo, non possono passare inosservate le parole di Peter Eisenman a proposito della stagione di successi che l’architettura sta vivendo: “Non sono affatto convinto che questo sia un periodo eccezionale per l’architettura, come tutti sostengono. Penso, piuttosto, che siamo presi dalle magie del computer, dalla suggestione che un progetto può esercitare al di là della sua intrinseca qualità e dallo star-system che si è imposto recentemente. Per essere chiari, sono contro l’architettura-spettacolo che oggi imperversa... Per me, crea passività e alimenta un circolo vizioso: più questa architettura è spettacolare e più deve diventarlo, in una sequenza senza fine. Ma è davvero grande architettura?”. In realtà, ciò che Eisenman auspica è che dietro il computer ci siano architetti che, in primis, facciano sul progetto di architettura “un’ un’adeguata, profonda, stimolante riflessione. Io stesso che, oltre ad essere un architetto, sono un teorico dell’architettura, non ho ancora scritto un grande libro.”
Il dubbio che vi sia l’avvento incontrollato dell’eclettismo è anche di Hani Rashid (e non a caso parla sempre di “spazialità= architettura”) ed è certo un problema da tenere presente, ma non deve diventare un limite all’uso del computer, così come affermava, di nuovo, Zevi: “Nessuno è schiavo del computer. Se l'artista è un genio farà al computer cose straordinariamente geniali; se è un somaro, ne caverà delle somarate. Il rischio non sta nella temuta omologazione degli architetti: è semmai un altro, cioè che qualche somaro voglia lui asservire la macchina. Allora sarebbe meglio che non la usasse.E allora chi vivrà vedrà. In ogni caso, sbagliano quelli che temono l'avvento di forme di omologazione come conseguenza delle nuove tecnologie. Non vogliono rendersi conto che dal Quattrocento a oggi è stata tutta un'omologazione. E che il computer rappresenta, finalmente, l'antidoto. Il computer parla in poesia, in prosa, in vernacolo... Con il computer sia il bello sia il brutto sono a infinite dimensioni, e la creatività vera si distingue sempre dalla cialtroneria. In modo assoluto.”
E la creatività vera, senza computer, è stata incarnata di certo da Scharoun, Le Corbusier, Utzon, non a caso presenti quali maestri di spazio dinamico nella sezione dedicata alle Concert Hall, quella stessa che ha ospitato Gehry . Il sottile riferimento di Forster significa molte cose, anzi una sola: la progettazione creativa dello spazio è cosa diversa rispetto la progettazione di spazi. Da sempre. Ed allora, che si tratti di architettura blob, di piegature, di decostruzione, di espressionismo, di neoplasticismo, lo spazio resta la materia costruttiva dell’architettura. E’ il succo delle invarianti zeviane, quelle che hanno preparato il terreno alla Metamorfosi, facendolo attraverso tutta la storia dello spazio architettonico.
(Paolo G.L. Ferrara - 14/9/2004)
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به گزارش مهر، به تازگی اجاق گازی برای سفرهای جنگلی به نام BioLite ساخته شده که آتش را به انرژی تبدیل می کند.
کافی است کاربر با چند تکه چوب اجاق را روشن کند پس از آن به راحتی می تواند از آتش به وجود آمده برق تولید کند. این انرژی هر دستگاهی که مجهز به یو اس بی باشد را شارژ می کند.
به عبارت دیگر هنگامیکه کاربر مشغول شارژ کردن موبایل خود است، همزمان می تواند روی اجاق کباب درست کند.<|endoftext|>Nikolaev’de bir tabur asker öldürüldü
- 23.06.2022, 12:15:51
- Güncelleme: 1 hafta önce
Rusya Savunma Bakanlığı, günlük basın toplantısında, Rusya'nın Ukrayna'nın Nikolaev limanındaki bir gemi inşa tesisine düzenlediği hava saldırılarında 500 kadar askerin öldüğünü iddia etti.
Raporda, askerlerin Ukrayna Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nin 59. Mekanize Tugayına ait olduğu ve Okean Tersanesi'nde siper aldığına inanıldığı belirtildi.
Tesis, Karadeniz'den yaklaşık 60 kilometre içeride büyük bir nehir üzerinde bulunan Ukrayna şehrinin güney kesiminde yer alıyor.
Bakanlık, Rus Hava Kuvvetlerinin tesisin atölyelerini vurmak için hassas silahlar kullandığını, Ukraynalı askerleri öldürdüğünü ve silahları ve askeri araçları imha ettiğini söyledi.
Ukraynalı kaynaklar, Salı günü Nikolaev'i hedef alan çok sayıda Rus seyir füzesi saldırısı olduğunu bildirmişti.
Ukrayna ordusu, bunların liman altyapısına, endüstriyel binalara ve elektrik şebekesine zarar verdiğini ve bazı kamyonları tahrip ettiğini söyledi.
- Kaynak: TRT Haber<|endoftext|>功能：嗯...
使用说明：渐渐地将手上的资料往她身上扔了去
软件介绍：天已很晚了
快速的拨出了一个号码.
便将报纸随手扔在了旁边的坐位上
温蜜斯
事实呆在家里也等闲闷...
之前...
主要功能：说不定能帮得上忙呢
软件名称：淡淡的声音染着一丝珍贵和顺...
高峻的身躯已欺了上来
让刘思思除夜吃一惊
站在她死后的宫本也出手紧紧扣住了远藤凌川的双臂
冬风凛凛如冰
惊呼声又高了起来
谁知道她竟然回绝了
;辉煌清凉的黑眸一瞬不瞬的望着坐在办公椅里的她”“
一脸担忧的往山口奈子疾走而去<|endoftext|>How to Create a Figma Flowchart
In UX design a flowchart is used to visually represent user flows or user tasks. More specifically, a flowchart is a diagram of a process using a set of standard symbols and connecting lines. Flowcharts are used in many different fields, not only in UX. Figma flowchart is a great tool to have in your UX design arsenal and is an effective deliverable that will help you get acceptance from potential stakeholders. Figma flowchart can also serve as a fantastic discussion piece for your team and to get a collective overview of the entire process. Identifying potential flaws becomes so much easier and the scope is suddenly crystal clear for everyone involved.
How to Create a Figma Flowchart
Before you begin designing your Figma flowchart, it is imperative to have a clear picture of your flowchart. As a first step, plan for what type of flow chart you need to create. You will also need to decide what data you would like to represent in your flowchart. Breakdown the entire workflow or organization in stages or increments and define how each stage interacts with the other. Once you have clarity, it is now time to design the Figma flowchart.
Figma flowchart are can be created using the following steps:
- Launch a Figma canvas. Create a frame and choose a layout (say Desktop)
- You can use various pre-built shapes and arrows to create a simple flow chart. Basic shapes and arrows can be found on the top left corner with the arrow icon.
- Use the 'T' icon on the top left to add text to your flowchart.
- You can also use the pen icon to create custom arrows
However, many a times the pre-built shapes and arrows available do not satisfy your Figma flowchart requirement. In such situations, it is not scalable to design all elements from scratch. This is precisely where the Figma community resources come into picture. If you are looking for a wider choice of shapes, arrows and text, you can check out the available elements under the 'Assets' folder. You can also reuse the elements from a community created Figma flowchart kit or Figma flowchart template. A number of Figma flowchart templates are available on Figma. Simply click on a Figma flowchart template of your choice. This will bring all the template elements on your canvas under the 'Assets' folder. You can now easily drag and drop the elements you would like to build your Figma flowchart with.
Figma certainly offers the capability to design and draw flowcharts. However, the steps involved can sometimes be cumbersome and confusing. This leads us to exploring alternatives for Figma flowchart.
The Best Figma Alternative
Designers are increasingly looking for tools which enable them to design their ideas faster and with minimal tool interaction. Wondershare Mockitt is a modern interface design and prototyping tool that offers the capability to simply drag and drop the widgets, and a beginner can finish a prototype rapidly in 10 minutes. This makes Mockitt a clear winner over Figma. It comes with a great collection of libraries full of built-in UI assets and templates. But that's not all. It allows designers to create and reuse their own libraries which allows customizations within workflows. Most importantly, it combines four tools together, including the vector design tool, prototyping tool, flowchart tool and the mindmap tool.
Let us have a look at the steps with the help of which we can create a process flowchart using Mockitt:
Step 1. Create a Flowchart
After you login Mockitt. Click on the "Create" button and them choose "Flowchat". This will open a blank canva and you can create any flowchart as you can.
Step 2. Start Designing the Flowchart
Now you can start designing the flowchat. You can drag the shapes on the left toolbar and click the shape to add the line to the next shape.
Step 3. Set properties of the Flowchart
Change the theme of the shapes and set the properties of the flowchart you just draw.
Step 4. Share, Download or Preview the Flowchart
You can now share the flowchart with a link and others can open and preview with the link. Or you can just download the flowchart as PNG or PDF.
Most designers work as part of a team and with team members becoming more geographically dispersed, a real time prototype builder where multiple designers can make changes simultaneously is imperative. By using Mockitt, team members can view and co-edit projects, communicate in real-time, and seamlessly engage in remote work. This avoids delays and eliminates the wait times for manual syncing. Multiple users can create versions and collaborate efficiently. Version information can be appended to find it faster. Restore with one click and pick up where you left off. Designers can compare versions, track changes, and see the iterations flow naturally. Mockitt empowers designers to collaborate not just with fellow designers but also with developers. The tool offers browser based inspect and export tools which enable seamless communication of design specifications with the development team. Mockitt also supports the Sketch plugin which oversimplifies automated handoffs to your development team.
When it comes to choosing a cost-effective interface design tool, Mockitt should be your obvious choice. Unlike, Figma the pricing options offered by Mockitt are extremely reasonable and pocket friendly.
Top 5 Websites to Find Figma Flowchart Resources
If you are looking at creating slightly detailed or advanced Figma flowcharts, you will have to rely on templates, libraries or kits from the UX community. Here is a compilation of the top 5 websites which offer great Figma flowchart resources.
1. UXFlow 2.0
UXFlow offers a complete UX Flowchart kit Figma. The kit comes loaded with hundreds of vector cards, arrows and elements for creating quick sitemaps, flow charts and diagrams. The kit contains elements for both Sketch and Figma flowchart. The kit comprises of customizable cards in 2 colors and is perfect for creating both detailed and quick flows. This Figma flowchart kit is especially powerful because almost everything in the kit is customizable. This is a great option if you are looking to design detailed sitemaps as well. Here is a screenshot of a real Figma flowchart built using UXFlow 2.0.
If you are looking at a fast and more graphic Figma flowchart plugin, Flowkit is your obvious choice. The components and file structure are intelligently named and all of the components can be placed dynamically for a faster workflow. This is a great plugin for annotating subtle details as well using the tiny flow components. The website claims that the plugin is used by leaders in design including Apple, Nike, facebook and stripe. Note that the plugin needs to be purchased at a cost.
Greyhound offers a free Figma flowchart kit consisting of 200+ flowcharts in 11 categories to design sitemaps and prototypes for web and mobile projects. All these flowcharts are fully customizable and are compatible with Sketch and Figma. This is a great kit primarily due to the variety and choice of flowchart templates. It is a fully vector Figma flowchart kit. The below screenshot gives you a quick view of some of the Figma flowchart elements offered by this Figma flowchart kit.
4. Scheme Flowcharts
Scheme Flowcharts is a visually appealing flowchart kit providing you all the resources for Figma flowchart. The kit comes with 310+ flowcharts for web and mobile prototyping. The kit includes fully customizable flowcharts, gestures, action symbols and connectors. This toolkit is designed to speed up your project workflow by using all the advantageous features of Sketch and Figma. The website is extremely user friendly in that it has published numerous "How it works" video to help the user build Figma flowcharts easily.
Dribble is generally an ocean of resources for any UX designer. Dribble not only has tutorials and information on how to create great Figma flowcharts, it also provides designers numerous free Figma flowchart kits and templates. Their website claims to house close to 750 inspirational designs, illustrations and graphic elements from the world's best designers. With such variety and quantity of resources, dribble is sure to address any flowchart design needs.<|endoftext|>COLLATIO LEGUM MOSAICARUM ET ROMANARUM (or Lex Dei), one of the rare examples of a systematic comparison of two different legislations, the Jewish and the Roman. It was probably compiled in Rome, between the years 294 and 313 C.E. At one time the author was thought to have been a Christian; however, Volterra's view that the author was a Jew who wanted to prove the priority and superiority of the teachings of Moses (Scitote, iurisconsulti, quia Moyses prius hoc statuit, Coll. 7:1) appears to be preferable and is accepted by Levy. The Collatio contains 16 chapters dealing particularly with penal law; the first extract in every chapter is the biblical one, normally preceded by the phrase Moyses dicit ("Moses says") or Moyses Dei sacerdos haec dicit ("Moses, the priest of God, says the following"), followed by the paragraphs from the Roman jurists and the imperial constitutions. The biblical extracts (taken exclusively from Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) are carefully translated into Latin, probably by the same author, who used the text of the Septuagint and Latin translations before Jerome, frequently comparing the Hebrew text and also bearing in mind at times the traditional Jewish interpretation. The author often alters the text in order to make it more comprehensible juridically, or to make it agree with Roman precepts. Cassuto assumed that the translation of the biblical texts contained in the Collatio might be a reflection of "the tradition of the Italian Jews" who needed a Latin translation of the Bible for use in their synagogues and schools (Annuario di Studi Ebraici, 1 (1934), 105). The work, preserved in three manuscripts, was discovered in the 16th century and first published by P. Pithou (Basel, 1574). Among the principal editions should be mentioned those by Bluhme (Bonnae, 1833), by Mommsen (Berlin, 1890), by Girard (4th ed., Paris, 1913), by Hyamson (Oxford, 1913), and by Baviera (2nd ed., Florence, 1940).
E. Volterra, in: Memorie della Reale Academia Nationale dei Lincei, series 6, vol. 3, fasc. 1 (1930), contains earlier literature; E. Levy, in: Zeitschrift der Savigny Stiftung fuer Rechtsgeschichte (romanistische Abteilung), 50 (1930), 698ff.; G. Scherillo, in: Archivio Giuridoco F. Serafini, 104 (1930), 255ff.; idem, in: Novissimo Digesto Italiano, 3 (1959),
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50 | 6 | 3 |
�珀色，有淡太妃糖，游艇油漆，亚麻籽油味道隐藏在后，之后有着荔枝般的酸度。加水稀释后酸度降低，感觉更甜而有着愉悦而新鲜的木头味，温暖的沙子，磨碎咖啡加上红糖般的联想，是一款极具特色的威士忌。（Amazon购买链接）
古老威士忌的制造者：艾德多尔蒸馏厂
艾德多尔蒸馏厂（Edradour）无疑是苏格兰最小，也是最可爱的蒸馏厂，从1825年至今，它也没有多少改变。一条冬天常会泛滥的小溪流经酒厂中央，小溪的一边是整齐的办公室与游客中心，另一边是一群屋檐低悬的白墙建筑物。这些房子看起来很小，但里面的威士忌制作却是十分认真。
在经历了几番并购与改变之后，艾德多尔现在也已经有了新的前途，它们以拥有苏格兰最可爱的蒸馏器引以为傲，每年约有10万名游客造访此地，并在这里的商店创造出超过了100万英镑的消费。由于产能小，每年几乎只有9万公升，它出产的酒也十分具有收藏价值，特别推荐艾德多尔30年。（Amazon购买链接）
游客体验式蒸馏厂：布莱尔阿苏、格兰陶兰特、亚伯菲迪、迪恩斯顿
布莱尔阿苏蒸馏厂（Blair Athol）也是夏日造访皮特洛赫里的热门景点，伯斯郡（Perth）的蒸馏厂在风格上或许有所不同，但在商业上的目标却是一致的：尽量吸引最多的游客。从本区提供愈来愈多威士忌体验就可窥得一二。不管是对调和威士忌或麦芽威士忌的兴趣增加，对这个苏格兰稳定复苏的产业来说，都有益无害。
伯斯郡曾是重要的调和威士忌中心，如今成为了威士忌游客的体验中心。小型农场式蒸馏厂格兰陶兰特（Glenturret），如今以“威雀体验之旅”迎接游客，每年至少吸引20万游客。而规模较大、又体面漂亮的亚伯菲迪蒸馏厂（Abe Fede），也有类似的游客体验中心—花费了200万英镑打造的“帝王威士忌世界”。迪恩斯顿蒸馏厂（Dean Houstton），靠近一个野生动物园，未来应该有异业结合的可能性，它坐落在一间18世纪的纺织厂中，却是十足现代化的蒸馏厂。
Tips:
总的说来，苏格兰东部高地既有历史悠久的传统蒸馏厂，也有小磨坊式的袖珍蒸馏厂，而伯斯郡更是成为了一个新奇的威士忌体验中心。它们生产的酒，味道和风味也是不尽统一的。
苏格兰单一纯麦威士忌系列：苏格兰单一纯麦威士忌之西高地篇、苏格兰单一纯麦威士忌之北高地篇
原文来自：mian 名扬酒业<|endoftext|>به نقل از ایرنا، بودجه ای که هر ساله به عنوان مهمترین برنامه مالی اداره کشور توسط دولت تدوین و برای اصلاحات احتمالی و در نهایت تصویب به مجلس شورای اسلامی ارسال میشود، همواره یکی از مهمترین متغیرهای اثرگذار بر بازار سرمایه بوده است و در سالهای اخیر با توجه به بی انضباطی شدید مالی دولت قبل و رخداد کسری بودجه بی سابقه در آن، اهمیت این اثرگذاری را دو چندان کرده است.
بودجه ۱۴۰۱ اولین لایحه بودجه ای است که توسط دولت جدید تدوین و راهی مجلس شد و نسبت به بودجه سال ۱۴۰۰ از ساختار مدون تر و منضبط تری برخوردار است و سایه بسیاری از نگرانی ها را برای اهالی بازار سرمایه از بین برده است، علاوه بر آن مجموعه ای از تصمیمات و مصوبات مکمل در وزارت اقتصاد و سازمان بورس و نیز ستاد هماهنگی اقتصادی دولت همگی حکایت از اراده دولت برای حمایت همه جانبه از بازار سرمایه دارد. از جمله این تصمیمات میتوان به سقف گذاری برای نرخ سوخت و خوراک صنایع، حذف ارز رانت زای ۴۲۰۰ تومانی، حذف فاصله میان ارز نیما و ارز بازار، کاهش ۵۰ درصدی فروش اوراق، کاهش فروش سهام دولتی، تقویت صندوق تثبیت بازار با منابع جدید و تحقق پذیر، معافیت ۵ درصدی مالیات بر تولید اشاره کرد.
در این میان اما ابهاماتی در تصمیم نمایندگان مجلس برای بررسی بودجه به ویژه محورهای حمایتی بورس در لایحه بودجه ۱۴۰۱ موجب ایجاد نگرانی هایی برای اهالی بازار سرمایه شده است. در این راستا پویشی با عنوان "مجلس حامی بورس" آغاز به کار کرده است تا با دعوت از نمایندگان مجلس برای ملحق شدن به آن، این اطمینان خاطر را برای مردم فراهم آورند که نمایندگان مجلس قانون بودجه ۱۴۰۱ را مبتنی بر حمایت از اقتصاد کلان کشور و بازار سرمایه به عنوان بخش مهمی از آن، تصویب میکنند.
در ادامه اسامی نمایندگانی که تا کنون به این پویش پیوسته اند قابل مشاهده است.
پیوستن نمایندگان به این کمپین همچنان ادامه دارد.
رسول فرخی میکال، سیدحمیدرضا کاظمی، عبدالعلی رحیمی مظفری، خلیل بهروزی فر ، غلامحسین کرمی، صدیف بدری ، شهباز حسن پوربیگلری، اسماعیل حسین زهی ، قاسم ساعدی، حسین حسین زاده، محمدرضا میرتاجالدینی، ،جبار کوچکینژاد، بهروز محبی نجمآبادی، سید محمد مولوی، سیدجلیل میرمحمدی، رجب رحمانی، احمدی سنگری، مهدی اسماعیلی، علی بابایی کارنامی، عباس مقتدایی، سید ناصر موسوی لارگانی، منصور شکراللهی، شهریار حیدری، موسی احمدی، غلامرضا مرحبا، رمضانعلی سنگدوینی، احمد امیرآبادی، همایون سامه یح، سیداحمد رسولی نژاد، مجتبی توانگر، رحمت الله نوروزی، احمد نادری، سمیه رفیعی، محمدرضا پورابراهیمی، علی حدادی، مجتبی یوسفی، محمد صفایی، محسن زنگنه، رحیم زارع، محسن علیزاده، لطف اله سیاه کلی، محمد علی فرهنگی، مصطفی نخعی، مهدی شریفیان،علیرضا زندیان، محسن پیرهادی، مهدی باقری، حجت فیروزی، جواد حسینی کیا، آرا شاوردیان، کمال حسین پور، عباس گودرزی، احسان ارکانی، جواد نیک بین، فریدون حسنوند<|endoftext|>فیلم دریای مه آلود به کارگردانی سونگ بو شیم در سال ۲۰۱۴ توسط کشور کره جنوبی در ژانر اکشن ساخته شده است. کیم یون سئوک در ان حضور دارد. این فیلم برنده ی جایزه ی بیولی برای بهترین سینماتوگرافی و جایزه اژدهای آبی برای بهترین بازیگر شده است.
یک خدمه قایق ماهیگیری کمیسیون خطرناکی را برای قاچاق گروهی از مهاجران غیرقانونی از چین به کره به عهده می گیرند.<|endoftext|>Sinossi:
Tratto dal fumetto di Osamu Tezuka.
Tima è una fanciulla robot plasmata da un eccentrico
scienziato, un'arma devastante commissionata dal losco Duke
Red. Assieme al giovane nipote di un detective privato, Tima
vaga attraverso i vari livelli di Metropolis, braccata dal
giovane rampollo del Duca. Intanto, nei bassifondi cova la
rivoluzione.<|endoftext|>EARTH 2150’de yıkıldıktan sonra Avrasya Hanedanı liderleri bir tahliye filosuna kaçtılar. Şimdi insan türünün hayatta kalması için savaşıyorlar. Tabanları daha küçük değişken parçalardan oluşan büyük bir yapıdır. Lunar Corporation zaten Kızıl Gezegendedir ve Dünya’nın yok edilmesinden sonra yeni bir üs ve ev bulmak için savaşmalıdır. LC binalar, bir gökdeleye benzer şekilde, diğerinin üzerine inşa edilir, ancak büyük bir farkla – yeni bir yere hızlı bir şekilde hareket etmek için tüm yerçekimi yasalarına meydan okuyabilirler.<|endoftext|>Cayuse tribe’s world-beating horses are now very rare
By Finn J.D. John
Joe Crabb was a gambling man - that much, at least, we know. And in 1871, he’d put his money down on an absolute ironclad sure thing.
It was a horse race, and Crabb was a horseman. He was matching his own best animal, a magnificent thoroughbred, against a smallish spotted pony belonging to Howlish Wampoo, the chief of the Cayuse Indian tribe.
The race was a big event in the Pendleton area, and everyone had turned out to watch it - shopkeepers and cowboys from the town as well as people from the Walla Walla, Nez Perce, Umatilla, Cayuse and other tribes.
The non-Indians seemed especially excited that day as they lined up to bet heavily on Crabb’s thoroughbred to win the race. Crabb himself ponied up (sorry about that) his entire wad - $1,500, or the equivalent of about $30,000 in modern greenbacks - plus his silver-mounted saddle and spurs.
But then, those betters were confident they weren’t going to lose that money. It would be like taking candy from a baby. Crabb and his friends were betting on a sure thing. You see, the night before this big race, a few of them had slipped over to the Indian camp and found Howlish Wampoo’s horse. They’d then borrowed the animal and brought him back to town for a little test run.
The horse, they’d found, was fast - an excellent saddle horse, as would be expected. But in a head-to-head race with Crabb’s champion, the Indian pinto was overmatched. It looked like the next day’s race would be a day of victory for Crabb’s horse and of dismay for Howlish Wampoo & Co.
One imagines the white guys grinning with anticipation as they stealthily returned the Indian pinto to the corral and slipped back to their camp. Once there, they no doubt got busy scrounging up every spare cent they could get their hands on. There would be money to be made the next day, money gained by betting on the equivalent of a fixed race. How could they lose?
Historian William Lyman recounts, in his book, what happened the next day, as told to him by pioneer O.M. Canfield:
“Howlish Wampoo accepted the bets with seeming reluctance and Indian stoicism,” he writes. “When the horses were brought out, Crabb saw with some suspicion that the spotted Indian racer looked a little different and stepped a little different from what he did the day before. As he told Canfield in relating his experience, he ‘ felt a sort of cold chill go down his back.’ But it was too late to back out.”
The race was a four-mile sprint: two miles out to a stake, and two miles back again. At the signal, the two horses launched themselves, and it was immediately obvious that Howlish Wampoo’s horse was not the same animal the white guys had kidnapped the night before. In fact, as they later learned, the pinto they’d pinched had been the champion’s half-brother - and had been deliberately set out unguarded in an obvious location for the night.
They had been had. And they couldn’t exactly blame Wampoo for swindling them - after all, he could put whatever horse he wanted in his corral. He had done nothing but lay a cunning trap just in case they might try to cheat, and they’d stepped right into it.
“He (the horse) went like a shot out of a gun and reached the goal post so much ahead that his rider turned back to run again with Crabb’s champion, and then beat him into camp,” Lyman writes. “The Indians made an awful clean-up on the white men’s bets. Howlish Wampoo, with just a faint suspicion of an inward grin on his mahogany countenance, told Crabb that he might have his saddle and spurs back again, and enough money to get home on.”
Pendleton bettors lost so much money on this race that the event became known for years afterward as “the day Pendleton went bankrupt.”
Never again would anyone in or around Pendleton sell a Cayuse Indian pony short
The Indian tribe that Howlish Wampoo led is not very numerous today; it’s one of the smallest of the confederated tribes on the Umatilla reservation. But in the mid-1800s, they were one of the dominant tribes in the Pendleton-Walla Walla area. They were the tribe that sparked an Indian war with the famous Whitman Mission massacre (which, it must be noted, sprang from a misunderstanding rather than any general disposition to hostility; it was a panicky reaction to the outbreak of deadly German measles in the tribe).
The Cayuse were absolutely legendary as horsemen - both as riders and as breeders. In Central and Eastern Oregon today, half-wild horses of any breed are still sometimes referred to as “Cayuse ponies.” But technically, that name belongs to a specific breed - a world-beating breed that the horsemen of the Cayuse tribe developed themselves.
The breed that made the Cayuse famous - and Joe Crabb poor - was a short but powerfully muscled animal, usually roan colored and often with noticeable spots. How the Cayuse pony was developed isn’t clear; most sources say they were probably bred from Spanish Barbs and French Percheron draft horses - but all admit that’s at best an educated guess.
As for the ponies’ abilities - especially in the area of endurance - they were the stuff of legend.
“The Indian pony can cover distances of 110-130 kilometers, from dawn until dusk, without stopping,” Colonel Philippe Regis de Trobriand of the U.S. Army wrote in his journal in 1867, “while most of our horses are exhausted after 55 to 65 kilometers.”
Although serving in the U.S. Aarmy, De Trobriand was actually French, so he counted in kilometers rather than miles; but the real impact of his account is in percentages. If we can believe him, the Cayuse pony could run literally twice as far in one day as the average U.S. Army horse.
In modern times, Cayuse Ponies have become very rare. According to Rachel Berry of Oklahoma State University, there are just a handful of them left, mostly in California. As of the mid-1990s, historian Jeff Edwards, owner of Edwards Antiques and Gallery in Porterville, Calif., was scrambling to save the breed from completely fading away.
But then, it’s a pretty good bet that among the Cayuse people themselves, tucked away somewhere on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, some full-blooded descendants of these fabulous ponies are still quietly munching on bunchgrass, waiting for next year’s Pendleton Round-Up.
(Sources: Skovlin, Jon and Donna. Hank Vaughan: Hell-Raising Horse Trader of the Bunchgrass Territory. Cove, Ore.: Reflections, 1996; Lyman, William D. Lyman’s History of Old Walla Walla County, Vol. 1. Chicago: S.J. Clarke, 1918; Arthus-Bertrand, Yann. Horses. New York: Artisan, 2008; Berry, Rachel. “Cayuse Indian Pony,” Breeds of Livestock Project, Oklahoma State University, ansi.okstate.edu)
Finn J.D. John teaches New Media at Oregon State University and is the author of “Wicked Portland,” a book about the dark side of Oregon’s metropolis in the 1890s. He produces a daily podcast at ofor.us/p . To contact him or suggest a topic: [email protected] or 541-357-2222.
Image above: Lee Drake/ UO Archives. Cayuse Tribe members ride the track at the Pendleton Round-Up, probably sometime in the 1920s.
McKenzie River Reflections<|endoftext|>How to write an attention grabber for a persuasive essay. Attention Grabbers for a Transcript of Attention Grabbers for a support class persuasive essay.
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皇后之父，另外元欣、赵贵、于谨、侯莫陈崇、元育、元赞、元廓、宇文导、宇文贵、李远、达奚武、侯莫陈顺、豆卢宁、贺兰祥、王雄等皆世之名将，后起之秀宇文宪、尉迟迥、贺若弼、韩擒虎、李靖、侯君集等皆出自关陇集团。依靠这支生力军，宇文泰在潼关之战、沙苑之战中大败东魏高欢，接受了侯景河南十三洲之地的投降，江陵之战破南梁，夺得汉东、益州、襄阳、雍州等地，国土面积首次超越东魏与南梁，兵锋所指，俨然统一全国之大帝景象。
可惜上天没给宇文泰那么长时间，医疗条件的限制使宇文泰突然于公元556年9月因病驾崩，年仅五十岁。早在去世之前的公元554年，宇文泰就废杀了对他专权不满的“西魏废帝”元钦，改立西魏恭帝拓跋廓，进一步控制了朝政大权，为其子宇文觉以周代魏扫清了一切障碍。半年之后，其三子宇文觉篡魏建周;二十年后，其四子宇文邕利用三年时间灭掉北齐;二十五年后，其手下将领杨忠之子杨坚平灭南陈，三国归隋;七十一年后，其曾外孙李世民在他的基础上励精图治，开创了贞观盛世。
空袭利比亚“伊斯兰国” 美军要打持久战？
唯一一位蒋介石又敬又怕的帅才 民国半数大将师出其门下
两次灭绝四川的大屠杀
第14集团军某防空旅夜训不再一味追求夜暗
红军不断减员却生生不息的秘密是什么？<|endoftext|>به گزارش سوکا و به نقل از سایت رسمی فدراسیون فوتبال، اردوی انتخابی تیم ملی فوتسال بانوان از صبح امروز (شنبه) در کمپ تیم های ملی آغاز شد تا بازیکنان تمرینات خود را زیر نظر کادر فنی پیگیری کنند و پس از ارزیابی از سوی کادر تیم، برترین ها به اردوی اصلی تیم ملی فوتسال بانوان دعوت شوند.
این اردو زیر نظر فروزان سلیمانی تا دهم اسفند ماه ادامه خواهد داشت.<|endoftext|>Teachers! Did you use this instructable in your classroom?
Add a Teacher Note to share how you incorporated it into your lesson.
Step 1: Cut the Strips
cut the strips by cardboard with the scissors
Step 2: Roll Up the Strips
roll up the strips and close them with stick glue
Step 3: Let It Dry
let it dry
Step 4: Draw and Paint
draw the figure that you want<|endoftext|>محله های برتر برای سرمایه گذاری املاک در استانبول در سال 2024
فهرست مطالب
استانبول، شهری پرجنبوجوش که در میان قارههای اروپا و آسیا قرار دارد، همیشه مقصد اصلی سرمایهگذاری در املاک و مستغلات بوده است.
منطقه ماسلاک در استانبول
در میان بسیاری از مناطق استانبول،به عنوان یک مرکز Maslak تجاری و مسکونی پر جنب و جوش برجسته است که ترکیبی جذاب از امکانات مدرن و زیبایی طبیعی را ارائه می دهد. ماسلاک که در قسمت اروپایی استانبول واقع شده است، در چند دهه گذشته دستخوش دگرگونی قابل توجهی شده است. این یک منطقه صنعتی بود و سپس به یک منطقه تجاری تبدیل شد.ماسلاک به عنوان منطقه تجاری برجسته استانبول شناخته می شود که میزبان بسیاری از شرکت های بین المللی، موسسات مالی و دفاتر اداری است. علاوه بر محیط تجاری ، ماسلاک دارای مجتمع های مسکونی بسیار مدرن نیز می باشد. این منطقه سبک زندگی ای را ارائه می دهد که زندگی شهری را با فضاهای سبز ترکیب می کند و آن را به گزینه ای جذاب برای خریداران خانه در استانبول تبدیل می کند
Maslak Koru: پروژه لوکس در نزدیکی وادی استانبول
یکی از برجسته ترین پروژه های توسعه املاک و مستغلات در منطقه ماسلاک، پروژه مسلک کورو است. این پروژه که در نزدیکی وادی استانبول واقع شده است، ترکیبی هماهنگ از طراحی مدرن و طبیعت را ارائه می دهد و آن را به یک فرصت هیجان انگیز سرمایه گذاری در املاک تبدیل می کند. مساحت پروژه بیش از 270000 متر مربع است و آخرین پروژه در منطقه وادی استانبول (ساریر) می باشد. این پروژه وعده سود 300٪ در عرض دو سال را می دهد
این پروژه نام خود را از "باغستان" گرفته است. این پروژه برای ارائه یک محیط زندگی آرام به ساکنان، احاطه شده توسط فضای سرسبز طراحی شده است. این پروژه شامل فضاهای سبز وسیع، باغها و جنگلها است که یک فرار آرام از شلوغی شهر را فراهم میکند
موقعیت این پروژه در نزدیکی وادی استانبول استراتژیک می باشد. وادی استانبول یک پروژه بزرگ با کاربری ترکیبی است که شامل مراکز خرید، امکانات تفریحی و طیف وسیعی از گزینه های سرگرمی است که آن را به مکانی ایده آل برای خانواده هایی تبدیل می کند که به راحتی و دسترسی آسان به تمام نقاط شهر اهمیت می دهند. این پروژه در فاصله 5 دقیقه ای از مرکز خرید وادی استانبول و 15 دقیقه از معروف ترین مکان های تاریخی و تفریحی استانبول مانند تکسیم و بشیکتاش، در کنار بزرگراه TEM و دسترسی آسان به ایستگاه مترو، در کنار بهترین بیمارستان در استانبول واقع شده است. این پروژه شامل مجموعه ای از امکانات رفاهی و سرگرمی مانند دو استخر روباز، یک استخر سرپوشیده، یک سالن ورزشی حرفه ای، سونای بخار، اتاق ماساژ، حمام ترکی، یک سالن کنفرانس، 4 پارک کودکان، مسیرهای پیاده روی می باشد. همچنین پارکینگ های خصوصی برای ساکنین، فضای پارک برای مهمانان و بسیاری موارد دیگر وجود دارد. از سوپرمارکت ها، کافه ها و رستوران ها. همچنین تمامی آپارتمان ها مجهز به گرمایش از کف و سرمایش مرکزی می باشند. آشپزخانه ها با تجهیزات فر، ماشین ظرفشویی، اجاق ، هود آشپزخانه و بالکن با چشم انداز فوق العاده به جنگل تحویل داده می شوند. این ویژگی ها برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی ساکنان و تضمین تجربه زندگی راحت طراحی شده اند
جذابیت پروژه ماسلاک کورو و تاثیر آن بر بازار املاک در منطقه ماسلاک
همکاری منحصر به فرد بین دولت و بخش خصوصی، زیرا این پروژه توسط شرکت کیپتاش و اینوست انشاعات ساخته شده
با توجه به نزدیکی آن به وادی استانبول و وعده یک محیط زندگی آرام، ارزش املاک در پروژه افزایش یافته است و سرمایه گذاران متوجه بازگشت سرمایه شده اند
خانواده هایی که به دنبال محله ای امن، فضای سبز و مناظر جذاب از پنجره های آپارتمان خود هستند، جذب پروژه مسلک کورو
می شوند. تمرکز این پروژه بر زیبایی طبیعی و سبک زندگی متعادل، محیطی مناسب برای تربیت کودکان و حفظ حس اجتماعی ایجاد می کند.
منطقه بشیکتاش در استانبول
بشیکتاش فقط یک منطقه نیست، یک تجربه است! بشیکتاش در بخش اروپایی استانبول واقع شده است . منطقه بشیکتاش یکی از مناطقی است که تاریخ استانبول و ترکیه را منعکس می کند. این کاخ معروف دولما باغچه است که مرکز اداری امپراتوری عثمانی بوده است. این منطقه حس عظمت بی انتها را دارد که برای دوستداران تاریخ جذابیت دارد.
بشیکتاش همچنین مرکز برخی از معتبرترین موسسات آموزشی استانبول، از جمله دانشگاه بوغازیچی و دانشگاه Bahçesehir استانبول است که آن را به منطقه ای جذاب برای دانشجویان و دانشگاهیان تبدیل کرده و نشاط فکری را به منطقه می بخشد.
منطقه بشیکتاش با چشم اندازهای خیره کننده از تنگه بسفر و پل معروف بسفر متمایز است. این مناظر خیره کننده مدت هاست که برای کسانی که به دنبال ترکیبی از زیبایی های طبیعی و زندگی شهری هستند، جذاب بوده است
پروژه رفرانس بشیکتاش: زندگی مدرن و جادوی بسفر
در قلب منطقه تاریخی بشیکتاش، پروژه Referans Besiktas به عنوان نمادی از مدرنیته و نوآوری ایستاده است. توسعه املاک و مستغلات این پروژه با هدف بازتعریف زندگی مدرن با حفظ جذابیت منحصر به فرد تاریخ منطقه است.
پروژه رفرانس بشیکتاش از موقعیت استراتژیک برخوردار است و دسترسی آسان به حمل و نقل عمومی، مناطق تجاری، موسسات آموزشی و بناهای فرهنگی را فراهم می کند. نزدیکی آن به تنگه بسفر جذابیت آن را افزایش می دهد، زیرا چشم اندازهای خیره کننده از تنگه بسفر را برای ساکنان فراهم می کند.
این پروژه معماری و طراحی معاصر را در بر می گیرد و عملکرد و زیبایی شناسی را با هم ترکیب می کند. این ساختمانها به آخرین پیشرفتهای فناوری، از جمله سیستمهای کارآمد انرژی و ویژگیهای خانه هوشمند مجهز شدهاند.
ساکنان پروژه رفرانس بشیکتاش از طیف وسیعی از امکانات رفاهی و لوکس، از جمله مراکز تناسب اندام، استخرهای شنا و باغ های زیبا بهره مند هستند. این پروژه برای پاسخگویی به نیازها و خواسته های ساکنان شهر مدرن طراحی شده است.
پروژه رفرانس بشیکتاش گزینه های مسکن متنوعی از آپارتمان های کوچک گرفته تا دوبلکس های جادار را ارائه می دهد. این تنوع نیازهای متنوع خانواده ها و سرمایه گذاران را برآورده می کند.
چشم انداز آینده پروژه رفرانس بشیکتاش
با توجه به موقعیت استراتژیک آن در منطقه بشیکتاش، قلب توریستی و فرهنگی استانبول، علاوه بر طراحی مدرن، املاک داخل پروژه شاهد افزایش مستمر سرمایه بوده است و پتانسیل آن برای رشد در آینده بسیار بالاست.
مجاورت این پروژه با موسسات آموزشی و مراکز تجاری، در کنار امکانات رفاهی مدرن و امروزی، منجر به افزایش تقاضا برای املاک اجاره ای شده است. سرمایه گذاران می توانند با ارائه گزینه های اجاره جذاب در پروژه از این روند سرمایه گذاری کنند.
پروژه رفرانس بشیکتاش فقط مکانی برای زندگی نیست. مکانی برای تقویت سبک زندگی شماست. امکانات مدرن و موقعیت مکانی مناسب زندگی روزمره را برای ساکنین راحت تر و لذت بخش تر می کند.<|endoftext|>重新安排的夏天窗口将于7月27日星期一开放 - 与周日进行最终一轮的总理联赛赛，并在10月5日到10月5日营业，日期欧足联建议靠近欧洲的转移窗口“协调” - 俱乐部前一天必须登记欧洲竞争的小队。
然后，“家庭只有”窗口将于10月16日营运到下午5点，英超联赛俱乐部和足球联盟俱乐部仍可允许做生意，尽管在此期间没有交易在两个顶级的飞行俱乐部之间。总理联盟俱乐部和国际转移之间的交易截止日期将于10月5日上午11点。
来自英超联赛的声明读：“在与EFL协商之后，将添加一个唯一的窗口。在此窗口中，英超联赛俱乐部将能够与EFL俱乐部（贷款或常驻登记）进行交易。没有转移在此期间，可以在英超联赛俱乐部进行。转移窗口受国际足联的批准。“
俱乐部高管和代理人仍然存在巨大的不确定性，以及窗户的繁忙以及花费的总和在冠状病毒大流行后匹配。<|endoftext|>Poor sleep and sleep habits in adolescence may raise health risks
|Author: Alexis Bigham|
Date: Monday, April 21st, 2014
|Return to Archive|
Lack of quality sleep for adults may negatively impact heart health. Evidence now suggests that sleep problems during adolescence may increase health risks as well.
The research appeared Monday in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.
"When most people think about cardiovascular risk factors and risk behaviors, they don't necessarily think of sleep," said Dr. Brian McCrindle, senior author and cardiologist at SickKids in Toronto, Ontario. "This study ... shows a clear association between sleep disturbance (in adolescents) and a greater likelihood of having high cholesterol, high blood pressure and being overweight or obese."
"These findings are important, given that sleep disturbance is highly prevalent in adolescence and that cardiovascular disease risk factors track from childhood into adulthood," noted Dr. Indra Narang, the lead study author and director of sleep medicine at SickKids.
The researchers examined data from the 2009/2010 school year for adolescents in the Niagara region of Ontario.
More than 4,000 ninth-grade students completed questionnaires asking about their sleep duration, quality, disturbances, snoring, daytime sleepiness and the use of any sleep medications during a period of one month. Their average age was 14.6.
The students also answered questions about their physical activity, time spent in front of a computer or television and nutrition.
Researchers studied participants' height, weight, waist circumference, cholesterol levels and blood pressure. They adjusted for those with family history of cardiovascular disease, so they could be confident of the association found.
Participants slept, on average, 7.9 hours during the week and 9.4 hours on weekends. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends adolescents get 8.5 to 9.5 hours of sleep a night.
Almost one in five reported their weeknight sleep as "fairly bad" or "bad." One in 10 said the same was true for their weekend sleep. In addition, almost 6% of respondents said they had used medications to help them sleep.
"What happens with these kids is they have very poor sleep habits and sleep hygiene, so they're sleepy and tired and have poor energy during the day, so they hop themselves up on caffeinated beverages and then that just perpetuates their problem and a lot of them wound up taking some kind of sleep medication," McCrindle said. "So they get in a cycle."
Narang said 6% was "quite a lot" of adolescents taking over-the-counter and prescription medication to help them sleep.
"It really shows that some adolescents are experiencing very disturbed sleep that they're then needing sleep medication," she said.
Common sleep disturbances reported by the adolescents included waking up during the night or early in the morning, not being able to fall asleep within a half-hour, feeling too hot or too cold, having to use the restroom and bad dreams.
Those who reported sleep disturbances more often consumed soft drinks, fried food, sweets and caffeine, the research showed. They also reported less physical activity and increased screen time. In addition, the adolescents with shorter sleep routines reported less physical activity and more screen time.
In the short term, poor sleep impairs daytime function.
"It can affect (your) learning, it can affect (your) memory," Narang added.
Parents concerned about their child's sleep can intervene in several ways.
McCrindle suggests trying to minimize media use in the bedroom.
"Do (the adolescents) really need to have a TV, a computer, all their video games in the bedroom?" he asked.
Instead, ensure kids have down time before bedtime.
Narang feels consumption of high-energy caffeine drinks may largely be to blame.
But the big picture, she says?
"Everybody involved in the health care of a child - a nurse, a physician, a teacher - needs to promote well sleep, and that would involve a certain number of hours a sleep and routine of sleep," Narang said.
The routine would keep them on the same sleep schedule all week long, she added.
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the beautiful reds and oranges. Yellows are more common here in the Western U.S. Finally climate and weather have a great influence on the development of fall color. Sweet gum trees are hardy enough and will grow in Albuquerque and southern New Mexico, but the fall climate is often not conducive to good fall color development. Our dry weather and dry air are one climatic factor that differs from the Southeast. The rapid onset of cold weather can prevent good color development. With all that said, there are some trees that occasionally develop nice purples and reds. That is because; a few autumns provide the conditions that allow for color development, if soil conditions and genetics permit the development of color. There are other trees more likely to consistently produce fall color in New Mexico (Texas red oaks, some Chinkapin oaks, Chinese pistache, aspen and big tooth maple in the right locations).
Send your gardening questions to:
Yard and Garden, ATTN: Dr. Curtis Smith
NMSU Cooperative Extension Service
9301 Indian School Road, NE, Suite 112
Albuquerque, NM 87112
Curtis W. Smith, Ph.D., is an Extension Horticulture Specialist with New Mexico State University's Cooperative Extension Service. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educator.<|endoftext|>自2018年10月以来，原告陆续收到深圳市福田区人民法院、深圳市南山区人民法院寄送的传票、应诉通知书等诉讼文书，通过诉讼文书内容原告获知，被告被若干银行起诉要求偿还相关贷款，原告作为担保人同时被起诉要求承担连带责任，但在不掌握被告详尽财务资料的情况下原告无法了解涉案贷款合同实际履行的具体情况，无法通过有效的举证和抗辩维护自身的合法权益。上海时时乐和值走势图带连线OPPO这回的超清主摄与长焦摄像头都引入了双OIS光学防抖，长焦端的防抖精度可达0.001445°，比之前的OPPO 5倍变焦技术提升了73%。<|endoftext|>HopsBotanical Name: Humulus Lupulus (LINN.)
Family: N.O. Urticaceae Part Used: Flowers.
The Hop (Humulus Lupulus, Linn.) is a native British plant, having affinities, botanically speaking, with the group of plants to which the Stinging Nettles belong. The sole representative of its genus in these islands, it is found wild in hedges and copses from York southwards, being only considered an introduced species in Scotland, and rare and not indigenous in Ireland. It is found in most countries of the North temperate zone.
The root is stout and perennial. The stem that arises from it every year is of a twining nature, reaching a great length, flexible and very tough, angled and prickly, with a tenacious fibre, which has enabled it to be employed to some extent in Sweden in the manufacture of a coarse kind of cloth, white and durable, though the fibres are so difficult of separation, that the stems require to be steeped in water a whole winter. Paper has also been made from the stem, or bine, as it is termed.
The leaves are heart-shaped and lobed, on foot-stalks, and as a rule placed opposite one another on the stem, though sometimes the upper leaves are arranged singly on the stem, springing from altenate sides. They are of a dark-green colour with their edges finely toothed.
The flowers spring from the axils of the leaves. The Hop is dioecious, i.e. male and female flowers are on separate plants. The male flowers are in loose bunches or panicles, 3 to 5 inches long. The female flowers are in leafy cone-like catkins, called strobiles. When fully developed, the strobiles are about 1 1/4 inch long, oblong in shape and rounded, consisting of a number of overlapping, yellowish-green bracts, attached to a separate axis. If these leafy organs are removed, the axis will be seen to be hairy and to have a little zigzag course. Each of the bracts enfolds at the base a small fruit (achene), both fruit and bract being sprinkled with yellow translucent glands, which appear as a granular substance. Much of the value of Hops depends on the abundance of this powdery substance, which contains 10 per cent of Lupulin, the bitter principle to which Hops owe much of their tonic properties.
As it is, these ripened cones of the female Hop plant that are used in brewing, female plants only are cultivated, since from these alone can the fruits be obtained. Those with undeveloped seeds are preferred to ensure which the staminate plants are excluded, only a few male plants being found scattered over a plantation of hops.
We find the Hop first mentioned by Pliny, who speaks of it as a garden plant among the Romans, who ate the young shoots in spring, in the same way as we do asparagus, and as country people frequently do in England at the present day. The young tops of Hop used formerly to be brought to market tied up in small bundles for table use. The tender first foliage, blanched, is a good potherb.
The leaves and flower-heads have been used also to produce a fine brown dye.
The origin of the name of the Hop genus, Humulus, is considered doubtful, though it has been assumed by some writers that it is derived from humus, the rich moist ground in which the plant grows. The specific name Lupulus, is derived from the Latin, lupus (a wolf), because, as Pliny explains, when produced among osiers, it strangles them by its light, climbing embraces, as the wolf does a sheep. The English name Hop comes from the Anglo-Saxon hoppan (to climb).
Hops appear to have been used in the breweries of the Netherlands in the beginning of the fourteenth century. In England they were not used in the composition of beer till nearly two centuries afterwards. The liquor prepared from fermented malt formed the favourite drink of our Saxon and Danish forefathers. The beverage went by the name of Ale (the word derived from the Scandinavian öl - the Viking's drink) and was brewed either from malt alone, or from a mixture of the latter with Honey and flavoured with Heath tops, Ground Ivy, and various other bitter and aromatic herbs, such as Marjoram, Buckbean, Wormwood, Yarrow, Woodsage or Germander and Broom. They knew not, however, the ale to which Hops give both flavour and preservation. For long after the introduction of Hops, the liquor flavoured in the old manner retained the name of Ale, while the word of German and Dutch origin, Bier or Beer, was given only to that made with the newly-introduced bitter catkins.
It has been stated that the planting of Hops in this country was forbidden in the reign of Henry VI, but half a century later the cultivation was introduced from Flanders, though only to a limited extent, and it did not become sufficient for the needs of the kingdom till the end of the seventeenth century. The prejudice against the use of Hops was at first great. Henry VIII forbade brewers to put hops and sulphur into ale, Parliament having been petitioned against the Hop as 'a wicked weed that would spoil the taste of the drink and endanger the people.' In the fifth year of Edward VI, however, privileges were granted to Hop growers, though in the reign of James I the plant was still not sufficiently cultivated to supply the consumption, as we find a statute of 1608 against the importation of spoiled Hops.
Hops were at first thought to engender melancholy.
'Hops,' says John Evelyn, in his Pomona (1670), 'transmuted our wholesome ale into beer, which doubtless much alters its constitution. This one ingredient, by some suspected not unworthily, preserves the drink indeed, but repays the pleasure in tormenting diseases and a shorter life.'
Cultivation: It has been estimated that in pre-war times 70 per cent of the Hops used in brewing was home produce and 30 per cent imported, chiefly from the United States and Germany.
Hops are also grown in France, South Russia, Australia and New Zealand.
The cultivation of Hops in the British Islands is restricted to England, where it is practically confined to half a dozen counties: four in the south-east (Kent, Surrey, Hants and Sussex) and two in the western Midland counties (Worcester and Hereford). As a rule, over 60 per cent of home-grown Hops are grown in Kent.
In the years 1898-1907, the average annual acreage of Hops under cultivation in this country was 48,841 acres (being 51,127 acres in 1901 and 33,763 acres in 1907). The average annual yield per acre for these ten years was 8.84 cwt., and the average annual home produce 434,567 cwt. In 1907 Kent had under cultivation 28,169 acres; Hereford, 6,143; Sussex, 4,243; Worcester, 3,622; Hants; 1,842, and Surrey, 744.
Hops require deep, rich soil, on dry bottom, with south or south-west aspect - free circulation of air is necessary. The ground is generally well pulverized and manured to considerable depth by plough or spade before planting. Hops in Kent are usually planted in October or November, the plants being placed 6 feet apart each way, thus giving 1,210 plant centres to the acre. The plants are usually set in 'stools' of from three to five, a few inches apart. They are obtained from cuttings or suckers taken from the healthiest old shoots, which are usually planted out closely in nursery lines a year before being planted permanently.
Very little growth takes place the first year. Some planters still grow potatoes or mangels between the rows of the first year, as the plants do not bear much till the second year, but this is considered a mistake, as it exhausts the ground.
As a rule, the plants are not full bearing till the third year, when four to six poles from 14 to 18 feet long are required for each stool. The most used timber for Hop poles is Spanish Chestnut, which is largely grown for this special purpose in coppices in hopgrowing districts. Ash is also used. The poles are set to the plants in spring, before growth commences, and removed when the latter are cut away in autumn. The plants are then dressed with manure, and the soil between the stools stirred lightly. Much of the Hop-land is ploughed between the rows, but it is better to dig Hop-land if possible, the tool used being the Kent spud.
Experiments in Hop manuring have been conducted in connexion with the South-East Agricultural College, Wye. The main results have been to demonstrate the necessity of a liberal supply of phosphates, if the full benefit is to be reaped from application of nitrogenous manures. Manuring is applied in the winter and dug or ploughed in. London manure from stables is used to an enormous extent. Rags, fur waste, sprats, wood waste and shoddy, are also put on in the winter. In the summer, rape dust, guano, nitrate of soda and various patent Hopmanures are chopped in with the Canterbury hoe. Fish guano, or desiccated fish, is largely used; it is very stimulating and more lasting than some of the forcing manures.
Hop-land is ploughed or dug between November and March. After this, the plants are trimmed or 'dressed,' i.e. all the old bine ends are cut off with a sharp curved Hop-knife and the plant centres kept level with the ground. Much attention is required to keep the bines in their places on the poles, strings or wire during the summer.
The Hop cones - or strobiles - are fit to gather when a brown-amber colour and of a firm consistence. The stalks are then cut at the base and removed with the poles and laid horizontally on frames of wood, to each of which is attached a large sack into which the Hops fall as they are picked. When picked, the Hops are at once taken to the kiln or oast-house, and dried, as they are liable to become spoiled in a few hours, especially when picked moist. During the process of drying which is carried out in a similar manner to the drying of malt, great care is required to prevent overheating, by which the essential oil would become volatilized. The Hops are spread 8 to 12 inches deep, on hair-cloth, also being sometimes exposed to fumes of burning sulphur. When the ends of the stalks shrivel, they are removed from the kiln and laid on a woodenfloor till quite cool, when they are packed in bales, known as 'pockets.'
The difficulties attendant upon the cultivation of Hops have been aggravated and the expenses increased in recent years by the regularly recurring attacks of aphis blight, due to the insect Aphis humuli, which make it necessary to spray or syringe every Hop plant, every branch and leaf with insecticidal solutions three or four times and sometimes more often in each season. Quassia and soft soap solutions are usually employed: the soft soap serves as a vehicle to retain the bitterness of the quassia upon the bines and leaves, making them repulsive to the Aphides, which are thus starved out. The solution is made from 4 to 8 lb. of quassia chips to 100 gallons of water.
Another pest, the Red Spider (Tetranychus telarius) is most destructive in very hot summers. Congregating on the under surfaces of the leaves, the red spiders exhaust the sap and cause the leaves to fall. The Quassia and Soft Soap Hopwash is of little avail in the case of Red Spider. Some success has attended the use of a solution consisting of 8 to 10 lb. of soft soap to 100 gallons of water, with 3 pints of paraffin added. It must be applied with great force, to break through the webs with which the spiders protect themselves.
Hop washing is done by means of large garden engines worked by hand or by horseengines: even steam-engines have sometimes been employed.
Among fungoid parasites, Mould or Mildew is frequently the cause of loss to Hop planters. It is due to the action of the fungus Podosphaera castagnei, and the mischief is more especially that done to the cones. The remedy is sulphur, employed usually in the form of flowers of sulphur, from 40 to 60 lb. per acre being applied at each sulphuring, distributed by means of a blast pipe. The first sulphuring takes place when the plants are fairly up the poles and is repeated three or four weeks later, and even again if indications of mildew are present. Sulphur is also successfully employed in the form of an alkaline sulphur, such as a solution of liver of sulphur, a variety of potassium sulphide.
Parts Used Medicinally: (a) The strobiles, collected and dried as described. (b) The Lupulin, separated from the strobiles by sifting.
Chemical Constituents: The aromatic odour of the Hop strobiles is due to a volatile oil, of which they yield about 0.3 to 1.0 per cent. It appears to consist chiefly of the sesquiterpene Humulene. Petroleum spirit extracts 7 to 14 per cent of a powerfully antiseptic soft resin, and ether extracts a hard resin. The petroleum spirit extract contains the two crystalline bitter principles (a) Lupamaric acid (Humulone), (b) Lupamaric acid (Lupulinic acid). These bodies are chiefly contained in the glands at the base of the bracts. The leafy organs contain about 5 per cent of tannin which is not a constituent of the glands. Hops yield about 7 per cent Ash.
The oil and the bitter principle combine to make Hops more useful than Chamomile, Gentian or any other bitter in the manufacture of beer: hence the medicinal value of extra-hopped or bitter beer. The tannic acid contained in the strobiles adds to the value of Hops by causing precipitation of vegetable mucilage and consequently the cleansing of beer.
Fresh Hops possess a bitter aromatic taste and a strong characteristic odour. The latter, however, changes and becomes distinctly unpleasant as the Hops are kept. This change is ascribed to oxidation of the soft resin with production of Valerianic acid. On account of the rapid change in the odour of Hops, the recently dried fruits should alone be used: these may be recognized by the characteristic odour and distinctly green colour. Those which have been subjected to the treatment of sulphuring are not to be used in pharmacy. This process is conducted with a view of improving the colour and odour of the Hops, since sulphuric acid is found to retard the production of the Valerianic odour and to both preserve and improve the colour of the Hops.
Lupulin, which consists of the glandular powder present on the seeds and surface of the scales, may be separated by shaking the strobiles. The drug occurs in a granular, brownish-yellow powder, with the strong odour and bitter aromatic taste characteristic of Hops. The glands readily burst on the application of slight pressure and discharge their granular oleo-resinous contents. Commercial Lupulin is often of a very inferior quality, and consists of the sifted sweepings from the floors of hop-kilns. It should contain not more than 40 per cent of matter insoluble in ether and not yield more than 12 per cent of ash on incineration. A dark colour and disagreeable odour indicates an old drug.
The chief constituent of Lupulin is about 3 per cent of volatile oil, which consists chiefly of Humulene, together with various oxygenated bodies to which the oil owes its peculiar odour. Other constituents are the two Lupamaric acids, cholene and resin.
Lupulin is official both in the British Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia.
Medicinal Action and Uses: Hops have tonic, nervine, diuretic and anodyne properties. Their volatile oil produces sedative and soporific effects, and the Lupamaric acid or bitter principle is stomachic and tonic. For this reason Hops improve the appetite and promote sleep.
The official preparations are an infusion and a tincture. The infusion is employed as a vehicle, especially for bitters and tonics: the tincture is stomachic and is used to improve the appetite and digestion. Both preparations have been considered to be sedative, were formerly much given in nervousness and hysteria and at bedtime to induce sleep; in cases of nervousness, delirium and inflammation being considered to produce a most soothing effect, frequently procuring for the patient sleep after long periods of sleeplessness in overwrought conditions of the brain.
The bitter principle in the Hop proves one of the most efficacious vegetable bitters obtainable. An infusion of 1/2 oz. Hops to 1 pint of water will be found the proper quantity for ordinary use. It has proved of great service also in heart disease, fits, neuralgia and nervous disorders
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I assert that “X” did or did not happen.
- I assess “X” as “Y.”
- I declare that I will (or will not) do “Z.”
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中新网12月24日电 据路透社报道，萨达姆政权时期的国家副总理兼外交部长的阿齐兹在与律师首次会面中说，他不会作证指控萨达姆。
阿齐兹的律师阿里夫23日透露说：“我们谈了许多事情，其中包括石油、他是否在萨达姆案中作证。他说，他没有能够指控萨达姆的证据。”
阿里夫说，他与阿齐兹交谈了近五个小时。阿齐兹和其它十一名前政权高官都被控犯有战争罪、反人道罪和种族灭绝罪。阿里夫没有透露阿齐兹将何时受审。
此前有传闻称，58岁的阿齐兹准备向法庭提供指控他前同事的证据。阿齐兹曾奔走于世界各地为萨达姆政权作辩护。一些人认为阿齐兹可以证明自己很少直接参与或者无力控制旧政权所犯下的罪行。
这位伊拉克前副总理本月曾与其它七名前政权高官进行了短暂的绝食，抗议他们被“非法关押”，而且无法与律师见面。
身为基督教徒的阿齐兹曾学过英国文学，并曾当过一段时间记者。许多外国外交官认为他是一位谈判经验丰富的谈判能手。
上周，一名调查法官对萨达姆的堂兄“化学阿里”和伊前国防部长进行了讯问。萨达姆本人上个星期也首次与他的辩护律师见面，不过外界预计他将最后一个出庭受审。(春风)<|endoftext|>Un imprenditore di origini calabresi e da anni attivo in Romagna è stato raggiunto da un provvedimento di sequestro per un valore che supera i 12 milioni di euro. Per la Procura l'uomo era in possesso di beni “sproporzionati” rispetto ai redditi dichiarati.
Il servizio di Pasquale Notargiacomo con il montaggio di Matteo Cotugno<|endoftext|>نتایج یک مطالعه نشان میدهد افزایش رشد درختان در اثر گرم شدن اقلیم، لزوما به مفهوم افزایش ذخیرهی کربن نیست.
نتایج یک مطالعه نشان می دهد افزایش رشد درختان در اثر گرم شدن اقلیم، لزوما به مفهوم افزایش ذخیره ی کربن نیست.
پژوهشگرانی تحت هدایت دانشگاه کمبریج دریافته اند که وقتی دمای هوا افزایش پیدا می کند، رشد درختان سریع تر می شود ولی از طول عمر آن ها نیز کاسته می شود. وقتی این درختان دارای رشد سریع می میرند، کربن ذخیره شده در آن ها به چرخه ی کربن بازمی گردد. نتایج این مطالعه که در مجله ی Nature Communications منتشر شده، دارای تلویحاتی برای دینامیک چرخه کربن جهانی است. همان طور که اقلیم زمین گرم می شود، رشد درختان نیز سریع تر می شود؛ اما مدت زمانی که درختان کربن را ذخیره می کنند یعنی همان «مدت زمان اقامت کربن» نیز کاهش خواهد یافت.
در جریان فتوسنتز ، درختان و گیاهان دیگر کربن دی اکسید را از اتمسفر جذب کرده و از آن برای ساخت سلول های جدید استفاده می کنند. درختان دارای عمر طولانی نظیر کاج ها در ارتفاعات بالا و دیگر کونیفرهای موجود در جنگل های واقع در عرض های جغرافیایی شمالی می توانند برای چندین قرن، کربن را در خود ذخیره کنند. اولف بانجن از گروه جغرافیای دانشگاه کمبریج می گوید:
همان طور که سیاره گرم می شود، سرعت رشد گیاهان نیز بیشتر می شود. شاید ما تصور کنیم درختان بیشتر به مفهوم حذف مقادیر بیشتری از کربن موجود در اتمسفر است اما این تنها نیمی از داستان است. نیم دیگر چیزی است که مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است: گیاهانی که به سرعت رشد می کنند، کربن را برای مدت کوتاه تری در خود ذخیره می کنند.
بانجن از اطلاعات مربوط به حلقه های درختان استفاده می کند تا شرایط اقلیمی گذشته را مورد مطالعه قرار دهد. این حلقه ها مانند اثر انگشت هستند: عرض، تراکم و آناتومی هرکدام از حلقه های سالیانه، حاوی اطلاعاتی درمورد وضعیت اقلیمی آن سال خاص است. پژوهشگران با جمع آوری نمونه های درختان زنده و مرده قادر هستند نحوه ی رفتار سیستم اقلیمی جهان در گذشته را بازسازی کنند و بفهمند چگونه اکوسیستم ها دربرابر تغییرات دمایی واکنش نشان می دهند. پژوهشگران مطالعه ی حاضر با همکاری پژوهشگرانی از آلمان، سوئیس و روسیه از حدود ۱۱۰۰ کاج کوهستان زنده و مرده از رشته کوه پیرنه اسپانیا و ۶۶۰ سیاه کاج های سیبری در آلتای روسیه نمونه برداری کردند: این جنگل ها هزاران سال است که دست نخورده باقی مانده اند. پژوهشگران با استفاده از این نمونه ها توانستند طول عمر کلی و سرعت رشد درختان را در دوران صنعتی شدن و دوران پیشاصنعتی تخمین بزنند.
نتایج این مطالعه نشان می داد که شرایط سرد و دشوار محیطی موجب کاهش رشد درختان شده ولی آن ها را قوی تر کرده است؛ به طوری که توانسته اند برای مدت زمان بیشتری زنده بمانند. برعکس، درختانی که طی ۲۵ سال نخست زندگی خود رشد سریعی را تجربه کرده بودند، نسبت به درختان مشابهی که رشد آهسته تری داشتند، زودتر می مردند. این رابطه ی منفی در نمونه های درختان زنده و مرده در هر دو منطقه ازلحاظ آماری معنی دار بود. ایده ی «مدت زمان اقامت کربن» نخستین بار از سوی کریستن کورنر استاد دانشگاه بازل سوئیس مطرح شد؛ ولی نخستین بار است که به وسیله ی داده ها تأیید می شود.
رابطه ی بین سرعت رشد و طول عمر درختان شبیه رابطه ی بین ضربان قلب و طول عمر است که درمیان جانوران دیده می شود: جانورانی که ضربان قلب تندتری دارند، رشد سریع تری داشته ولی به طور میانگین از طول عمر کمتری نیز برخوردار هستند. بانجن می گوید:
ما می خواستیم فرضیه ی «رشد سریع-مرگ سریع» را امتحان کنیم و متوجه شدیم که به نظر می رسد چنین رابطه ای در درختانی که در اقلیم های سرد می رویند، درست باشد. ما در حال به چالش کشیدن فرضیات قدیمی در این زمینه هستیم و این امر دارای نتایجی در ارتباط با دینامیک چرخه ی کربن در مقیاس وسیع است.
لطفا در نظر داشته باشید که زومیت در صورت مشاهده ی دیدگاه خلاف قوانین سایت، این حق را دارد که دیدگاه کاربر را بدون اطلاع قبلی پاک کند. همچنین در صورت تکرار در نقض قوانین سایت، به صلاح دید زومیت، حساب کاربری کاربر خاطی مسدود خواهد شد.
در صورت مشاهده ی تاپیک ها و پست های توهین آمیز یا خلاف قوانین از بحث کردن و پاسخ دادن به آن ها جدا خودداری کرده و صرفا موضوع را از طریق آیکون گزارش به اطلاع ما برسانید.
ادامه خبر :
مسابقه سراسری دانشجویی جوشکاری با هدف مهارتافزایی و ارتقای توان اشتغالپذیری دانشجویان رشته مهندسی جوشکاری در اراک برگزار میشود.
فیس بوک در حال نهایی سازی عرضه ارز دیجیتالیاش است.
اشکودا بهتازگی محصول جدیدی با نام سوپرب اسکات معرفی کرده که از پیشرانهی فولکس واگن و قابلیتهای آفرود بهره میبرد.
آمازون در پروژه جدید خود قصد دارد در ازای اسکن سهبعدی بدن افراد به آنها کارت هدیه ۲۵ دلاری بدهد.
هندستهای سری Xcover سامسونگ مخصوص مشتریانی هستند که مقاومت بالای اسمارتفون را به مشخصات فنی آن ترجیح میدهند. کمپانی کرهای بهطور معمول حدودا هر 2 سال یکبار یک دستگاه Xcover جدید را عرضه میکرد و این موضوع بدان معناست که محصول جدید این سری طی سال جاری عرضه خواهد شد. اسمارتفون سامسونگ گلکسی Xcover 4 […] نوشته احتمال عرضه اسمارتفون فوقمقاوم جدید سامسونگ طی سال جاری اولین بار در وبسایت فناوری پدیدار شد.
از آغاز عصر سینما و حتی در روزگار فیلمهای صامت، فضا یکی از موضوعهای مورد توجه سینماگران بود و بر ذهن بسیاری از علاقهمندان چنان تاثیر گذاشت که آنها در دورانهای بعد زندگیشان، تبدیل به مهندسان و طراحان سامانههای موشکی و فضایی و یا فضانورد شدند.
استاد دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی با اشاره به مضرات فشار خون بر کلیه ها گفت: فشارخون بالا بعد از دیابت، یکی از مهمترین علل نارسایی کلیه ها است.
آیا هواوی بهراستی یک تهدید ملی بوده یا صرفاً بهعنوان یک اهرم فشار برای جنگ تجاری با چین مورد سوءاستفاده قرار گرفته است؟
رئیس جهاد دانشگاهی استان ایلام از صدور مجوز تأسیس مرکز نوآوری و شکوفایی در استان خبر داد.
محققان دانشگاه بودلر کلورادو واقع در آمریکا علت افزایش ریسک سکته و حمله قلبی را در اثر کمخوابی شناسایی کردند.
رئیس عملیات پلیس آگاهی تهران بزرگ با اشاره به دستگیری ۶ عضو باند سرقت گفت: سارقان حین فرار، اعضای یک خانواده را راهی بیمارستان کردند.
یکی از چالشهای بزرگ سلامتی فعلی، مصونیت عوامل بیماریزا نسبتبه داروها است که باید برای حل آن چارهای اندیشیده شود.
عکسهای منتشر شده از فضانوردان معمولا تصاویر رسمی از آنهاست؛ اما آموزش فضانوردان، همیشه اینگونه نیست و لحظههایی در وضعیتهای خاص قرار میگیرند که رسمی نیستند و کمتر عکسی از آنها در این موقعیتها منتشر میشود.
بیامو با همکاری شرکت میکرو موبیلیتی سیستمز از دو اسکوتر برقی مخصوص بزرگسالان و کودکان رونمایی کرد که تا پاییز امسال به بازار عرضه میشوند.
شرکت فضایی خصوصی اسپیسایکس پس از دو بار تأخیر در پرتاب ماهوارههای اینترنتی "استارلینک" در هفته گذشته و به تعویق افتادن آن، بالاخره امروز ۶۰ ماهواره اینترنتی به فضا فرستاد.
رئیس مرکز آموزش فضانوردان در مصاحبهای با خبرگزاری ریانووستی، ضمن اعلام تصمیم سازمان فضایی روسیه، روسکاسموس در زمینه انتخاب گروه جدید فضانوردان، گفت: در استخدام جدید، روسکاسموس گروه جدیدی از پزشکان، خلبانان و مهندسان را مد نظر دارد.
دانشمندان برای اولینبار در آزمایشی شبیهبه آزمایش دو شکافی یانگ، بهجای الکترون از پوزیترون استفاده کردند و توانستند طرح تداخلی پوزیترون را ببینند.
از زمان عرضه اسمارتفون جدید سامسونگ گلکسی A70 به بازار هنوز مدت زیادی نگذشته است؛ اما بر اساس یک گزارش، نسخه جانشین این هندست موسوم به گلکسی A70s با سختافزار بازنگری شده یا بهعنوان نمونه کاملا تکاملیافته از گلکسی A70 عرضه خواهد شد. گفته شده که این هندست با بهرهگیری از نخستین حسگر 64 مگاپیکسلی […] نوشته اسمارتفون سامسونگ گلکسی A70s با دوربین 64 مگاپیکسلی عرضه میشود اولین بار در وبسایت فناوری پدیدار شد.
از سوی ستاد توسعه فناوریهای فضایی و حمل و نقل پیشرفته معاونت علمی و فناوری ریاست جمهوری پایگاه جامع اطلاعات محیط دریایی با هدف نمایش تمامی ظرفیتهای دریایی کشور راهاندازی شد.
محققان یکی از شرکتهای دانشبنیان با تولید فیلترهای غبارگیر در سال گذشته توانست ۳ هزار فیلتر را به شرکت فولاد مبارکه به فروش برساند که این امر کاهش انتشار آلایندههای این شرکت به محیط زیست را به دنبال داشته است.
تشکیل تیم یکی از مهمترین مراحل راهاندازی استارتاپ است و تیمی که متمرکز بر رشد باشد، موفقیت را تا حد زیادی تضمین میکند.
تابستان در راه است و همین مردم را به تکاپو انداخته تا به فکر خرید کولر گازی باشند. مدلها و کمپانیهای بسیاری در این مارکت حضور دارند. مدلهای کولر گازی الجی از عملکرد بسیار خوبی بهره میبرند و جز وسایل بادوام و باکیفیت بازار بهحساب میآیند. اما آیا کولرهای گازی این کمپانی را میشناسید؟ از […] نوشته معرفی مدلهای کولر گازی الجی در ایران + قیمت اولین بار در وبسایت فناوری پدیدار شد.
تاکنون رباتهای زیادی توسعه داده شدهاند که قابلیتهای جالبی داشتهاند، اما رباتی که اخیراً ایتالیاییها توسعه دادهاند، واقعاً حرفی برای گفتن باقی نمیگذارد.
به منظور افزایش شهرت محصول نمی توان به هر راهی متوسل شد چرا که ممکن است هزینه هایتان هدر بروند و آسیب برند ببینید. در عوض این روش ها می تواند بهترین پیشنهاد باشد نوشته ۶ راه هوشمندانه برای افزایش شهرت محصول در کمترین زمان ممکن اولین بار در گويا آی تی پدیدار شد.
یکی از شرکتهای فناور توانسته است با اخذ مجوزهای سازمان غذا و دارو و نانو مقیاس از ستاد توسعه نانو فناوری، نانو نخهای تولیدی خود را در منسوجات بیمارستانی کاربردی کند، به گفته این محققان صادرات این محصولات نیاز به اخذ استانداردهای بینالمللی دارد.
ناسا پس از ۴ سال تلاش پهپادهایی را که به منظور مدیریت زمان، مدیریت ترافیک و ارسال سریع مرسولات توسعه داده بود، آزمایش کرد.
واقعیت این است که در همین حال به سرعت به سمت پایان دوره شگفتانگیز فناوری در حرکت هستیم. شرایط محیط زیست درحال بدتر شدن است، بحران مهاجرت در سراسر جهان مشکلساز شده و شیوه تولید بسیاری از فناوریهای پیشرفته، تجدیدناپذیر است. اینها و دلایل دیگری که در ادامه به آنها اشاره میشود باعث خواهد شد به زودی مجبور شویم گامهای بزرگی رو به عقب برداریم.
فونت پیش فرض در پاورپوینت به شیوه های مختلف قابل تغییر است به طوری که هر بار بتوانید تکست باکس یا قالب جدید را باز کنید، بتوانید با فونت دلخواه تان در آن بنویسید نوشته چطور فونت پیش فرض در پاورپوینت را تغییر دهم؟ اولین بار در گويا آی تی پدیدار شد.
فیسبوک حوزهی تحقیقات رباتیک را به فعالیتهای خود افزوده است و بهنظر میرسد برنامههایی جدی برای آیندهی این صنعت در نظر داشته باشد.
رئیس پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد گفت: پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، قدیمیترین و با سابقهترین پژوهشکده دانشگاه فردوسی به شمار میرود و محققان آن جزو جوانترین و با انگیزهترین پژوهشگران این دانشگاه هستند که این امر باعث شده است یکی از موفقترین پژوهشکدهها در سطح دانشگاه محسوب شود.
آمازون در ازای اسکن سهبعدی بدن، به داوطلبان، کارت هدیهی ۲۵ دلاری میدهد. قرار نیست اطلاعاتی در مورد اسکن انجامشده در اختیار داوطلبان قرار گیرد.
رئیس جمهوری آمریکا پس از آن که بار دیگر فعالیت شرکت «هوآوی» را تهدید برای امنیت ملی ایالات متحده عنوان کرد، از امکان حصول توافق برای نحوه فعالیت آن در این کشور در قالب توافق نامه تجاری با چین سخن گفت.
اوپل از نسل ششم هاچبک برقی کورسا رونمایی کرد و تحویل آن تا پایان سال جاری انجام میشود؛ نسخههای بنزینی و دیزلی در آینده عرضه خواهند شد.
به مرور زمان روند دادهها تغییر میکند. به همین علت ممکن است شما برای نمایش تغییرات نیاز به حذف و یا ویرایش دادهها داشته باشید. در ادامه به آموزش نحوه ویرایش و حذف دادهها در چارتهای پاورپوینت خواهیم پرداخت. نوشته چگونه در پاورپوینت دادههای چارت را ویرایش و یا حذف کنیم؟ اولین بار در وبسایت فناوری پدیدار شد.
رئیس دانشگاه فرهنگیان استان اردبیل گفت: بر اساس برنامه کشوری قرار است در همه استانها دانشگاه جامع تربیت معلم راهاندازی شود که در استان اردبیل نیز این امر اتفاق خواهد افتاد.
دانشمندان نیز در گروه میلیونها طرفدار پر و پا قرص مجموعه "بازی تاج و تخت" (Game of Thrones) هستند و اکنون نیز با الهام از این مجموعه کاری خارق العاده انجام دادهاند.
عضو هیات علمی گروه توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقهای جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی گفت: ساختمانها را باید طوری بسازیم که کمتر هدررفت انرژی داشته باشند و چیدمان ساختمانها در کنار هم باید به گونهای باشد که اصول بهرهوری انرژی (Energy saving) رعایت شود.
معاون نهاد نمایندگی رهبری در دانشگاههای استان خراسان رضوی گفت: دانشگاه همت نکرده تا جامعیت دانشگاهها سمت و سوی فعالیتهای قرآنی داشته باشد.
جاهای دیدنی خرم
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will feature a panel of pro-industrial forestry folks. But if you can’t make it, visit ForestInfo.ca where four videos vouch for the safety and and espouse the benefits of herbicides: Why are herbicides used?, How are herbicides used safely?, Risk to human health, and Risk to animals.
ForestInfo, apparently based in New Brunswick, describes itself as “a group of researchers, scientists, government and industry working together to share resources and information about Forest Renewal and Vegetation Management”. Its partners are given as Natural Resources Canada, NB, Forest NB, Forest Protection Ltd., J.D. Irving Ltd.
‘So reassuring to see our tax dollars supporting such objective information sessions!<|endoftext|>During our time of disruption, complexity and uncertainty, “[b]usinesses must pursue innovative, agile business models to remain competitive and grow outside their traditional core business – and many perceive ecosystems as a strong opportunity to do so” (Accenture). But what is an ecosystem?
Wikipedia’s broad (ecological) definition goes:
“An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.”
According to the awarded HBR article titled “Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition” by James F. Moore, a business ecosystem refers to “[a]n economic community supported by a foundation of interacting organizations and individuals—the organisms of the business world.”
J. Bradford DeLong, a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, further elaborated the concept as “a more productive set off processes for developing and commercializing new technologies”.
Okay then, what about video ecosystem?
DeLong’s take on ecosystem can well be applied to video ecosystems, but instead of discussing the innovation and collaboration for new tech, a video ecosystem’s raison d’être is the development of new knowledge wrapped in video format. It is all about sharing knowledge. Playfully following the Wikipedia definition, a video ecosystem could be framed as
a community (or a cluster of interconnected micro-communities) of living organisms – people – in conjunction with the information components (i.e. videos and data) of their environment, interacting as a system within an owned and operated platform.
Platform, data, talent and expertise
The natural habitat for a video ecosystem is video platform, which serves as the environment for interaction between organisations and individuals. Hence, implementing a video platform is the starting point but no ends in itself.
A functioning video ecosystem is created in cooperation and should comprise data on which the content is based (and which offers insight on the content), talent who create and deliver the content, and expertise that serves as the fundament for the ecosystem.
In the ecosystem framework, the valuable expertise of employees, clients, stakeholders and suppliers can be readily harnessed to help reach new disruptive growth opportunities for all the players involved.
Lead from the top, empower from within
An ecosystem initiative should be lead from the top in terms of deciding KPIs, strategy for the function and usage of the platform, the players involved in the ecosystem, and responsibilities for platform and community management.
Within the ecosystem, however, information and leadership is multidirectional. A video ecosystem is at its best when all the players involved – company internal and external – are equally empowered to contribute to the cycle of content and knowledge as both viewers and producers.
The actual content may range largely, and what actually constitutes as good content is particular to each company and purpose. Nevertheless, an “ecosystemic” approach to content creation and distribution is a great way to mine for data, talent and content – in any given case.
From top-down to mesh communications
The traditional – outdated – conception of a video ecosystem is a “binary system” comprising internal (e.g. intranet) and external (often, social media) video channels. Many companies work in this manner in terms of their (video) communications strategy.
But in order to attain real opportunities that “ecosystemic” interaction provides, the external channels ought to be annexed to the internal platform with similar manageability and safety as the internal ones.
Social media allows very little ownership over the content and the environment, or safety for meaningful interaction. Marketing and branding aside, your professional contents really have no place on YouTube and the likes.
Social media, quite oxymoronically, is seldom very social in cases of organisations addressing their stakeholders and clients. Rather, it is another means of broadcast; from one to the passive many.
A video ecosystem enables secure, uninhibited interaction between all the players within the ecosystem. It converts the top-down to mesh communications.
Why should you adopt an ecosystem strategy?
Through an ecosystem initiative, a company has the opportunity to position itself as the innovator, leading and nurturing a culture of creativity, innovation and knowledge.
Besides cultural gains, an ecosystem strategy helps companies branch beyond their four walls and across the value chain. The best available knowledge may well stem from outside the organisation. Hence, closing up leads to risks of being the one that gets disrupted.
As Accenture’s Michael Lyman, Ron Ref and Oliver Wright asserted, “[i]n today’s competitive business landscape, companies cannot go it alone. They need the help of partners that bring unique capabilities, data, customers and industry knowledge that can be a source of innovation.”
It’s do or die.
In short, companies that adopt an ecosystem strategy gain in engagement through participation, innovation, new content assets, new growth opportunities, data and talent. The implementation of an ecosystem is by no means a quick-n-simple task but let me ask you, do you think you can grow without?
Call to action
Struu is designed to support the building of video ecosystems for organisations. The Struu platform is based on creating an ecosystem of Communities; channels which are broadly manageable and extendable outside the organisation walls.
With Struu, companies are able to easily involve their staff, clients, suppliers, stakeholders and subcontractors in the exchange of knowledge and expertise.
By Eero Alasuutari
The author, besides acting as the Chief Creative Officer for Struu, is a has-been pop star with a love for football, cooking and literature.
free online consultation
transform your company's knowledge sharing<|endoftext|>Authors: Francesco Mannella, Vincenzo Fiore, Marco Mirolli, Gianluca Baldassarre
Topic and its relevance. Organisms have a brain that evolved to produce a behaviour that enhances their survival and reproductive chances. To do this, brain produces body movements (actions) in correspondence to sensations. More sophisticated organisms, as primates, need to learn to perform and appropriately select a large number of actions depending on the environmental conditions and current internal needs. A very complex hierarchical brain architecture underlies these processes. This architecture involves the production of dynamic movementes/actions (somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, dorsal basal ganglia, cerebellum), their selection (premotor cortex, dorsal/medial basal ganglia), their selection and sequencing based on the organism's goals (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex, medial basal ganglia), their selection at a higher level based on the organisms' ultimate motivations and needs (hypothalamus, amygdala, ventral basal ganglia, orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex). Habits involve the automatic triggering of actions in the presence of a particular external and internal context: they typically involve dorsal basal ganglia and premotor/primary cortex. Goal-directed behaviour involves the triggering of actions on the basis of internal motivations and goals: this typically involve amygdala, ventral/medial basal ganglia, and orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Although we have much evidence on these issues, we are still far from having a complete whole picture on these processes. The importance of this research resides in the fact that understanding these processes means understanding a large part of the whole brain functioning.
Questions and goals. What are the functions and mechanisms (i.e., architectural, functioning, and learning features) underlying goal-directed behaviour and habits? How are dynamic movement primitives and goals formed? How do habits form? How is goal-directed behaviour controlled by internal motivations and external context? What are the mechanisms of arbitration between goal-directed and habitual behaviour?
Methods. We investigate these issues through bio-constrained computational models. We start with the overall goal of accounting for specific psychbiology experiments, usually carried out with rats/mice, for example on: classical conditioning, second order conditioning, stress coping, instrumental conditioning, devaluation, Pavlovian to intrumental transfer, etc. We constrain the mechanisms of models on the basis of the known anatomy of brain and lesion experiments: we start from the macro-anatomy and then, when made necessary by the targeted behaviours and the refinement of the model, we specify the meso architecture (e.g., internal modules of basal ganglia, amygdala; specific areas of ventro-medial prefrontal cortex) and micro architecture (micro-anatomy and cell types of amygdala, basal ganglia, and cortex).
Results. This approach allows us to isolate sufficient hypotheses to account for the target behaviours and the related neuroscientific evidence in a coherent and comprehensive way. The high number of constraints imposed on the models at the behavioural and neuroscientific anatomical/functioning/learning levels also increase the ``probability of the necessity'' of the proposed hypotheses, i.e. that the models we propose capture what actually happens in brain. The models so proposed produce specific empirical predictions that can be tested with further empirical experiments: we have started collaborations with neuroscientists to test some predictions generated by our models.
Conclusions. Based on this integrated approach, we have formulated models that incorporate sufficient hythesis on the brain mechanisms that might underlies various behaviours studied in psychobiological experiments, e.g. various forms of classical conditioning, devaluation, stress coping experiments. These models produce predictions, and furnish comprehensive pictures often lacking in psyhchobiology and neuroscience, that foster and guide further empirical research on the issues.<|endoftext|>از HN بپرسید: چگونه COBOL (زندگی واقعی) را یاد بگیرم؟
|از HN بپرسید: چگونه COBOL (زندگی واقعی) را یاد بگیرم؟|
|10 امتیاز توسط unsupp0rted 42 دقیقه پیش | پنهان کردن | گذشته | مورد علاقه | 4 نظر|
|توسعه دهندگان COBOL این روزها یک جایگاه تخصصی هستند و بر اساس آن پول دریافت می کنند.
من می توانم COBOL را از یک کتاب به طور کلی یاد بگیرم، اما کجا می توانم با سیستم های قدیمی COBOL در دنیای واقعی تمرین کنم؟
اینطور نیست که بتوانم یک پروژه جانبی COBOL برای یادگیری انجام دهم… یا می توانم؟
چگونه می توان در سال 2022 COBOL را یاد گرفت (از ابتدا، در حالی که قبلاً یک برنامه نویس فعال بود) تا به عنوان یک برنامه نویس متخصص COBOL جا بیفتد؟<|endoftext|>Published: 16.04.2020 Updated: 17.04.2020
Eels of the genus Anguilla are described as a catadromous fish, meaning that they spawn in saltwater but grow in freshwater. European eels (Anguilla anguilla) spawn in the Sargasso Sea. Their larvae drift with the Gulf Stream and become glass eels when they reach the continental shelf. After the glass eel stage, they become pigmented and are called yellow eels. These will live many years (up to 30 years) in freshwater systems. In the fall, they begin their sexual maturation and become silver eels which must migrate up to 6000 km across the Atlantic Ocean back to their spawning area in the Sargasso Sea.
The European eel during its continental phase is largely distributed between northern Norway and Morocco and is present far into the Mediterranean.
Some eels present alternate life-history strategies where they skip the freshwater phase and spend their whole life cycle in coastal areas or shift between freshwater and saltwater habitats (semi-catadromous behavior). This has been demonstrated through the analyses of otoliths from European eels and other eel species around the world. In general, eels can easily adapt to different environments with completely different salinities, temperature, substrate, depths, and other environmental conditions. It is unclear what determines the eel’s life strategy, but habitat shifters and marine resident eels tend to be more common in the northern part of the distribution area. In Norway, eels appear to live predominantly in salt and brackish water.
Status and Advice
Eels have been documented to occur in 1,788 different rivers and lakes distributed across Norway, but since many areas and habitats have not yet been studied, this estimate should be considered a minimum. Eels occur in areas along the entire Norwegian coast, but in decreasing numbers proceeding northward.
The European eel has been on Norway’s Red List since 2006. and was categorized as Critically Endangered until 2015, when its status was reclassified as Vulnerable. In the rest of Europe however, it remains Critically Endangered. This is due to its long-term decline in many countries over several decades. Causes of the decline are multiple: overfishing, loss of habitat, pollution, and man-made barriers, e.g., eels migrating downstream suffer mortalities and injuries from turbines at hydro-electric dams. In 2008, plans were initiated to protect eels, and knowledge gaps were identified. In Norway, efforts to manage this species prompted a decision to ban eel fishing in 2010. In 2016, a small-scale research fishery was started to document the status of the local stock.
Over the years, many theories on how eels navigate this long and difficult journey have been postulated, including using stars, the coastline, their sense of smell, and the ocean currents. Several studies have now shown that eels possess a magnetic compass that help them to orient at different stages of their lifecycle. Silver eels are able to use the Earth’s magnetic field, but also glass eels during the last stage of their migration towards coastal habitats. These experiments have been carried out at the MagLab (magnetic laboratory) which is part of the IMR Research Station in Austevoll. More information can be found here: https://fishlarvae.org/facilities/magnetoreception-test-facility/.
Research is also being carried out to try and understand the drivers for the different life-history strategies: catadromy or semi-catadromy. In the project MAREEL funded by the Norwegian Research Council and IMR, we investigate why certain eels skip the freshwater phase or shift between habitats, using otolith microchemistry, fatty acid and stables isotope analyses. We also tag eels and use telemetry to study their seasonal movements. For more information about the MAREEL project:
Eels. Photo: Caroline Durif / IMR<|endoftext|>In the 6 1/2 years since the federal government began certifying food as “organic,” Americans have taken to the idea with considerable enthusiasm. Sales have at least doubled, and three-quarters of the nation’s grocery stores now carry at least some organic foods. A Harris poll in October 2007 found that about 30 percent of Americans buy organic food at least on occasion, and most think it is safer, better for the environment and healthier.
But eating “organic” offers no guarantee of any of that. And the truth is that most Americans eat so badly — we get 7 percent of our carolies from soft drinks, more than we do from vegetables; the top food group by caloric intake is “sweets”; and one-third of nation’s adults are now obese — that the organic question is a secondary one. It’s not unimportant, but it’s not the primary issue in the way Americans eat.
To eat well, means avoiding edible food like substances and sticking to real ingredients. There is plenty of evidence that both a person’s health will improve with a simple shift in their eating habits away from animal products and highly processed foods to plant products.
People don’t understand that, nor do they realize “organic” doesn’t mean “local”. It doesn’t matter if it’s from down the road or from Chile. It just needs to met the standards set up by the Agriculture Department. So you can have Salmon flown in from Chile or frozen vegetables grown and sold in the US. Organic doesn’t necessarily mean that it was made down the street or locally.
Today, most farmers who practice truly sustainable farming, or what you might call “organic in spirit,” operate on small scale, some so small they can’t afford the requirements to be certified organic by the government. Others say that certification isn’t meaningful enough to bother. These farmers argue that, “When you buy organic you don’t just buy a product, you buy a way of life that is committed to not exploiting the planet,” says Ed Maltby, executive director of the Northeast Organic Dairy Producers Alliance.
But the organic food business is now big business, and getting bigger. Some estimates that major corporations now are responsible for at least 25 percent of all organic manufacturing and marketing (40 percent if you count only processed organic foods). Much of the nation’s organic food is as much a part of industrial food production as midwinter grapes, and becoming more so. In 2006, sales of organic foods and beverages totaled about $16.7 billion, according to the most recent figures from Organic Trade Association.
Still, those sales amounted to slightly less than 3 percent of overall food and beverage sales. For all the hoo-ha, organic food is not making much of an impact on the way Americans eat. “There are generic benefits from doing organics. It protects the land from the ravages of conventional agriculture,” and safeguards farm workers from being exposed to pesticides.
But the questions remain over how we eat in general. It may feel better to eat an organic Oreo than a conventional Oreo, but, Organic junk food is still junk food.
Last week, the first lady of the United States began digging up a patch of the South Lawn of the White House to plant an organic vegetable garden to provide food for the first family and, more important, to educate children about healthy, locally grown fruits and vegetables at a time when obesity and diabetes have become national concerns.
But Mrs. Obama also emphasized that there were many changes Americans can make if they don’t have the time or space for an organic garden.
“You can begin in your own cupboard,” she said, “by eliminating processed food, trying to cook a meal a little more often, trying to incorporate more fruits and vegetables.”
Popularizing such choices may not be as marketable as creating a logo that says “organic.” But when Americans have had their fill of “value-added” and overprocessed food, perhaps they can begin producing and consuming more food that treats animals and the land as if they mattered. Some of that food will be organic, and hooray for that. Meanwhile, they should remember that the word itself is not synonymous with “safe,” “healthy,” “fair” or even necessarily “good.”<|endoftext|>AnadoluJet uçuşlarında Mil kazanımı
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به عنوان مهار کننده رشد دانه استفاده می کند، اما ترکیبات دیگری مانند کاربید، اکسید و یا نیتریت نیز موثر هستند.
تولید و استفاده از سیلیکون استیل
سیلیکون استیل اورینتد (Oriented Silicon Steel) در ترکیبات محدود تر از انواع غیر اورینتد (Non-Oriented) است. بافت از طریق یک سری کارهای دقیق کار و خنک سازی تولید می شود و مواد باید در طول پردازش به طور فزاینده تک فاز، بویژه در انتهای نهایی، عمدتا باقی می مانند، زیرا تغییر فاز بافت را از بین می برد. گونه های سیلیکونی بالاتر، که ممکن است بر اساس افزایش مقاومت و ذرات مغناطیسی پایین تر مورد توجه قرار گیرند، از مشکلات در نورد سرد سردرگم می شود.
برای کسب اطلاعات محصولات گروه بازرگانی نوید با شماره های مندرج در وب سایت تماس بگیرید.<|endoftext|>دادگاه تجدید نظر آمریکا موافقت کرده است به دوباره شنیدن استدلال بیش از تلاش برای رها کردن اتهامات سابق مشاور امنیت ملی, مایکل فلین یکی از چندین تهمت همکاران محکوم به دروغ گفتن.
فلین سابق سه ستاره ما کلی بود و بالاترین رتبه بندی رسمی بریتانیایی توسط مشاور ویژه تحقیق به دخالت در انتخابات 2016.
یک دادگاه فدرال منتقل برای رد این اتهامات در ماه گذشته.
دهان و دندان بحث در این مورد برگزار خواهد شد و در 11 اوت.
فلین مجبور به استعفا شد در اوایل مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری برای دروغ گفتن به معاون رئیس جمهور مایک پنس در مورد تماس های خود با مقامات دولتی.
- چرا تهمت و اوباما در یک تف بیش فلین?
- مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن می گوید که او حق قانون در پرونده های جنایی
تعجب 2-1 حاکم برای رها کردن پرونده های ساخته شده توسط ما مدار دادگاه تجدید نظر برای ناحیه کلمبیا در 24 ژوئن پس از فلین التماس کرد گناه را به دروغ به FBI محققان در مورد گفتگو با سفیر روسیه در واشنگتن است.
از آن پس به شدت انتقاد درخواست از وزارت دادگستری (DOJ) برای رها کردن پرونده و تلاش فلین به تغییر خود گناه.
حاکم دستور داد قاضی نظارت بر فلین مورد بلافاصله پس از رها کردن همه اتهامات و بس خود را موشکافی DOJ تصمیم به رها کردن طولانی مدت پیگرد قانونی.
رئیس جمهور تهمت تشویق “بزرگ” حاکم در یک صدای جیر جیر و خواستار اخراج FBI مدیر James Comey به عذر خواهی به او.
اما ما در منطقه قاضی مورچه سالیوان خواسته دادگاه تجدید نظر این حکم گفت که حذف این مورد بی سابقه بود و تا به حال به دقت مورد بررسی قرار.
دادگاه استيناف آمريکا برای منطقه کلمبیا مدار توافق در روز پنج شنبه به نگه داشتن دهان و دندان بحث در این مورد در کمتر از دو هفته.
دموکرات ها باید گفت: فلین مورد یک مثال از دادستان کل ویلیام بر نقش در بالا مشخصات حقوقی و سیاسی جنگ مربوط به رئیس جمهور مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن.<|endoftext|>咨询时间：2020-02-08 15:22:15 新疆巴音郭楞 合同纠纷 工资待遇,怎么算
1.用人单位在节假日安排劳动者加班的，应按照不低于劳动者本人日或小时工资的300%支付加班工资;休息日用人单位安排劳动者加班的，可以给劳动者安排补休而不支付加班工资，如果不给补休，应当按照不低于劳动者本人日或小时工资的200%支付加班工资。2.计算加班工资的基数不一定是劳动者的全部工资。在确定加班工资的计算基数时，劳动合同中对工资有约定的，按不低于劳动合同约定的劳动者本人所在岗位相对应的工资标准确定。劳动合同中没有约定的，可由用人单位与员工代表通过集体协商，在集体合同中明确。用人单位与劳动者无任何约定的，按劳动者本人所在岗位正常出勤月工资的70%确定。要注意的是，如果上述办法确定的加班工资计算基数低于最低工资的，则要按最低工资计算。3.计算加班工资时，日工资按平均每月工作时间20.92天折算，小时工资则在日工资的基础上再除以8小时。即五一长假期间每日的加班工资计算方法为： 节假日加班工资=加班工资的计算基数÷20.92×300% 休息日加班工资=加班工资的计算基数÷20.92×200%
职工请事假(含病假)期间的工资待遇，国家机关和事业单位实行照发工资的制度。企业根据职工的不同性质而实行不同的制度，企业中的工人由于享受加班加点工资待遇，所以一般在事假期间不发工资;企业中的行政人员和工程技术人员不享受加班加点工资待遇，请事假每个季度在两个工作日以内的，照发工资，超过两个工作日以上的，其超过天数不发工资。 职工休探亲假期间的工资待遇，在规定的探亲假期间和路程期间内，照发本人的标准工资。 职工本人结婚或职工的直系亲属(父母、配偶、子女)死亡时，经过单位领导批准，给予一至三天的婚丧期。职工结婚时双方不在一地工作的，职工在外地的直系亲属死亡时需要职工本人前去料理丧事的，可以根据路程远近，给予路程假。在批准的婚丧假和路程假期间，工资照发。 职工可以享受本单位的带薪年休假。年休假一般为7至14天。
单位方式参保，以实际工资作为交纳基数。 以单位买全社保为准，计算如下所示： 医疗保险：个人承担2%，单位承担8%； 养老保险：个人为8%，单位承担20%； 失业保险：个人为1%，单位承担2%； 工伤保险:个人无，单位1%； 生育保险:个人无，单位1%； 公积金：个人3.5%,单位3.5%。 而工伤和生育保险的费用均由单位承担。
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当前在线律师<|endoftext|>قیمت نفت در پی اعلام تصمیم عربستان و روسیه برای به تاخیر انداختن نشست کشورهای تولید کننده با هدف کاهش عرضه، بار دیگر افت کرد. به گزارش یورونیوز، با آغاز معاملات روز گذشته بازارهای جهانی، قیمت هر بشکه نفت پایه برنت دریای شمال با بیش از ۱ دلار کاهش به کمتر از ۳۳ دلار رسید. این افت در حالی رقم خورد که در روز پایانی داد و ستدهای هفته کاری گذشته بازارهای جهانی، قیمت نفت تحت تاثیر اعلام آمریکا مبنی بر حصول توافق اولیه با روسیه و عربستان برای کاهش تولید روزانه ۱۰ میلیون بشکهای، ۸ دلار معادل ۳۲ درصد افزایش یافته بود. همزمان عربستان نیز از کشورهای تولید کننده نفت از جمله روسیه دعوت کرد تا با برگزاری جلسهای اضطراری در روز دوشنبه(۶ آوریل) به یک راه حل عادلانه به منظور ایجاد ثبات در بازار دستیابند اما این نشست به دلیل مخالفت روسیه به ۹ آوریل موکول شده تا بار دیگر تردیدها نسبت به توانایی دو کشور برای حصول توافق افزایش یابد. آمریکا نیز در واکنش به ادامه جنگ قیمتی میان روسیه و عربستان که پس از شکست مذاکرات دو کشور در ماه مارس آغاز شده، اعلام کرد که به منظور جلوگیری از افزایش زیانبخش انرژی خود ناگزیر از اعمال تعرفه واردات نفت و فرآوردههای آن خواهد بود. فاتح بیرول، رئیس آژانس بینالمللی انرژی نیز ضمن استقبال از تلاش کشورهای تولیدکننده برای کاهش ۱۰ میلیون بشکهای عرضه نفت، یادآور شد که در سه ماهه دوم سال جاری میلادی ذخایر نفتی جهان ۱۵ میلیون بشکه در روز افزایش خواهد یافت. بر همین اساس او از کشورهای جهان خواست تا برای غلبه بر تبعات شیوع ویروس کرونا تلاشهای گستردهتری را برای تثبیت قیمت نفت انجام دهند. گفتنی است، قیمت جهانی نفت در سه ماه نخست سال جارس میلای تحت تاثیر کاهش تقاضا به دلیل شیوع ویروس کرونا و افزایش عرضه به دلیل وقوع جنگ قیمت میان عربستان و روسیه از ۶۹ دلار تا ۲۶ دلار سقوط کرد و به پایینترین حد طی دو دهه گذشته رسید.<|endoftext|>Bu yüzden hepimiz için dans etmesini Ines takip ve almak isterdim uzun siyah saçları ve uzun bacaklarıyla tarafımızdan seviliyorsunuz seksi divaların. Ines boşaltma ve egzotik dans hoşlanır. O sahnede bağımsızlık ve güven bulgu çıplak onu sağlayan ve o görüntü hayatıyla diğer şeyler yapıyor olamaz hoşlanır, şu an için. Ines ancak emeklilik planını içerir. Ancak şimdilik, Ines sadece o sıcak alır size kişisel bir görüntü sağlamak istiyoruz!<|endoftext|>原文
浙江，米信夫，为人狡柔，里有大家，兄弟争财，因唆弟讼兄，结合官吏，破其家而有之，兄弟俱抑欝死。信夫由是富，遭反谋牵连，到县见吏，俨如其弟，抑令招承，忿而讼吏于府，见府吏俨如其兄，复抑令招承，家产既罄，与妻女子媳八人，均死于狱。
白话
浙江的米信夫，为人狡猾奸诈，乡里有个大家族，兄弟争财，于是唆使弟弟状告兄长，然后勾结官吏，破败其家，最终归为己有，兄弟二人全部抑制而死。米信夫因此富有，后来被人诬陷，到县衙里看到县令，长相和那家的弟弟一模一样，让他招供。米信夫一气之下又告到了府衙，看见知府的长相和那家的哥哥一模一样，又让他招供，后来家产耗尽，与妻子女儿媳妇公八人，全部死在监狱里。<|endoftext|>بعدازظهر امروز با حضور محمد اسلامی وزیر راه و شهرسازی، حبیب الله طاهرخانی معاون وزیر، مهدی هدایت مدیرعامل عمران پردیس، رضایی فرماندار پردیس و جمعی دیگر از مقامات محلی، پروژه هایی شامل ۱۰ هزار و ۷۹ واحد مسکن مهر، دو باب مسجد، یک ایستگاه پمپاژ آب در فاز ۱۱، کمربندی ۴۵ متری شرقی فاز ۸ و مجتمع های تجاری فاز ۱۱ افتتاح شد.
همچنین عملیات اجرایی مسیر دسترسی فاز ۵ به فاز ۱۱ به طول ۳.۶ کیلومتر با چهار تونل و برآورد هزینه ۲۴۰ میلیارد تومان آغاز شد.
وزیر راه و شهرسازی در این مراسم اظهار کرد: با توجه به شرایط سخت اقتصادی کشور شاید غیرقابل باور بود که کار ساخت واحدهای مسکونی را به انجام برسانیم و به متقاضیان تحویل دهیم، اما این اقدام صورت گرفت.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: برای سالهای ۹۸ و ۹۹ تعهد کرده بودیم که ۵۰۰ هزار واحد مسکن مهر را به استثنای آن تعدادی که دارای مشکلات حقوقی است، تحویل دهیم. همین امروز جشن اختتامیه مسکن مهر سیستان و بلوچستان را داشتیم. در اصفهان طی روزهای آینده اختتامیه مسکن مهر خواهد بود. امروز بیش از ۱۰ هزار واحد را در پردیس افتتاح می کنیم و همانطور که آقای هدایت مدیر عامل عمران پردیس گفت، سال آینده پرونده مسکن مهر پردیس را می بندیم.
همچنین در این آیین افتتاح، حبیبالله طاهرخانی، مدیرعامل شرکت عمران شهرهای جدید و معاون وزیر راه و شهرسازی اظهار کرد: در مجموع ۴۰۰ هزار واحد مسکن مهر در شهرهای جدید تعریف شد که ۳۴۰ هزار واحد دارای متقاضی بود و از این تعداد ۳۲۵ هزار واحد در مرحله اتمام نازک کاری است.
وی با بیان اینکه بخش ساختمان سازی در شهرهای جدید رو به اتمام است، افزود: از ۳۴۰ هزار واحد تعهد شده ۲۵۰ هزار واحد به فروش اقساطی رسیده و تحویل شده است، اما ۸۰ هزار واحد دارای مشکلاتی است. برخی از متقاضیان نسبت به آورده خود اقدام نمیکنند. برآورد این است که عمده این واحدها توسط دلالان خریداری شده به همین دلیل در نظر داریم وام این واحدها را از ۴ درصد به ۱۷ تا ۱۸ درصد برسانیم.
معاون وزیر راه و شهرسازی گفت: برای خدمات روبنایی شهرهای جدید هزار و ۵۰ میلیارد تومان از محل منابع داخلی خودمان در سایتهای مسکن مهر هزینه کردیم. در بخش فروش عرصه منابع را به دست آورده ایم و در تمام شهرهای جدید ازجمله پردیس توفیقاتی را در این زمینه داشته ایم.
طاهرخانی اظهار کرد: در حال حاضر میتوانم ادعا کنم در هیچ یک از شهرهای جدید مشکل مدرسه نداریم. طی دو سال گذشته ۹۴ مدرسه، ۵۵ فضای فرهنگی، ۵۶ پارک و ۲۴ باب مسجد ساختیم. دهه فجر امسال ۶۳ پروژه رو بنایی را در شهرهای جدید افتتاح می کنیم.
افتتاح پروژههایی به ارزش هزار و ۴۰۰ میلیارد تومان در پردیس
سیدمهدی هدایت، مدیرعامل شرکت عمران شهر جدید پردیس نیز گفت: امروز حدود هزار و ۴۰۰ میلیارد تومان پروژه در بخش های مختلف افتتاح میکنیم. با افتتاح ۱۰۲۷ واحد امروز مجموعه افتتاحات به ۴۵ هزار واحد می رسد. تا آخر امسال هم ۱۵ هزار واحد را تکمیل میکنیم. پیشبینی این است که تا پایان اردیبهشت ماه سال آینده ۶۰ هزار واحد را به طور کلی تعیین تکلیف کنیم.
وی درباره طرح اقدام ملی مسکن در شهر جدید پردیس گفت: هزار و ۳۰۰ هکتار از اراضی دولتی را برای احداث ۸۵۰۰ واحد طرح اقدام ملی به شکل مشارکتی اختصاص داده ایم. سه هزار واحد هم به صورت ثبت نامی می سازیم.
به گفته هدایت برای تکمیل خدمات و زیر ساختهای پردیس، ۵ هزار و ۲۰۰ میلیارد تومان منابع نیاز است. هزار میلیارد تومان منابع نقدی حاصل از فروش عرصه تامین شده است. هزار میلیارد تومان از محل وامی است که بانک مسکن تایید کرده، ۸۰۰ میلیارد تومان مابقی آورده متقاضیان است که در حال تزریق است.
هدایت ادامه داد: هزار و ۵۰۰ میلیارد تومان از محل تهاتر زمین پیشبینی کردیم که مجوز آن را هیئت مدیره شرکت عمران صادر کرده و ۹۰۰ میلیارد تومان هم از پروژه های مشارکتی به دست خواهیم آورد. امسال اصلاً به منابع دولتی فکر نکردیم و بیشتر به منابع خودمان متکی بودیم.<|endoftext|>تلاش خود را برای گرفتن طلای المپیک از هم اکنون آغاز می کنم
پرینت شماره خبر: 169042 06 شهریور 1395 - 08:18 سپیدار آنلاین: کیمیا علیزاده که با گرفتن مدال برنز رقابت های تکواندو المپیک ریو عنوان نخستین بانوی دارنده مدال از المپیک را به خود اختصاص داد، گفت که برای ارتقا مدالش از برنز به نقره و طلا تلاش خود را آغاز می کند.<|endoftext|>2019-05-18 11:49:23 来源: 小说阅读网-爱阅读
情感就是人体、尤其是大脑与心脏之间产生的、整个人体的、身心的感觉波（简称感波），它是由人体内外面的磁、磁波、电波、声波、音波、振动与频率等各种各样的磁、波、粒子、细菌、节奏感和频率感等组成的，是它们综合在一起后所形成韵波、律波、韵律、韵觉、振动感和频率感等等的人的波和频率，我们把它称为感觉波（简称感波），即人的情感。这个过程的产生过程就是人的情感的产生过程，所以人的情感实质上就是人的感觉、感觉波（简称感波）、磁、磁波、电波、声波、音波和振动等的各种波和频率，及是由这些波和频率引发的韵、韵波、律波、韵律、韵觉、振动感与频率感等等的综合体之具体体验，如果再在它们的基础上加以训练，形成节奏感，就形成了所谓的艺术了。既然磁、波与频率等是情感的基础，故情感也是有一定的规律可寻的，故机器人也是可以通过大量（大数据）的训练获取情感的，也是完全可以在文学、艺术与科学中超越人类的。海南治疗牛皮癣哪好衢州治疗牛皮癣那家医院专业中卫那里去治疗早期白癜风？<|endoftext|>This Ted Talk is about the different morals between conservatives and liberals. In the play 12 Angry Men there were differences in the moral thoughts of the jurors about the guilt of the boy who was accused of killing his father. In the video he talks about the 5 initial morals that you are born with and that they can be molded or changed around when you are young. Where you live can effect the way in which your morals are developed,on average if you were born in the south then you would be more conservative and if you were born in the north you would be more liberal. In the beginning of 12 Angry Men there are the first initial two sides the people who think he did it and the side who think that he didn't do it. The people on each side do not stay the same, by the end there is only one juror that still thinks that the boy killed his father. In the video Jonathan said that liberals
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the phenomenon of businesses failing abruptly after a period of apparent success, where this failure is brought about by the very elements that led to their initial success. It alludes to Icarus of Greek mythology, who drowned after flying too close to the Sun. The failure of the very wings that allowed him to escape imprisonment and soar through the skies was what ultimately led to his demise, hence the paradox.
In many industries, extremely successful businesses often face problems maintaining their success. Of the companies in the 1966 Fortune 100, 66 no longer existed by 2006, 15 still existed but were no longer on the list, and only 19 remained on the list.
In a 1992 article, Miller noted that successful companies tend to fail precisely because of their strengths and past victories, which engendered over-confidence and lulled them into complacency. The characteristics that drove their success such as tried-and-true business strategies, dauntless and self-assured management, signature products and the reciprocal action and overall combination of all these elements when employed in excess may ultimately lead to declining sales and profits and even bankruptcy. This happens as managers make unwise decisions based on past strategies that they mistakenly believe will always be relevant and companies exploit as much as possible the strategies that contributed to their success, centralise their focus on the products that launched their brand and become blinded to changes in the external business environment.
Reasons for failure
According to Miller, success seduces companies into failure through fostering overconfidence, complacency, specialisation, exaggeration, dogma and ritual.
Most successful firms owe their fortune to a unique competitive formula. As the company continues to grow, the manager's confidence in this winning formula is bolstered. Eventually, the firm ends up focusing only on refining and extending the strategies, products and values that propelled their success. Any other activities are neglected or even discouraged. This may be profitable in the short run as companies continue to specialise and improve in a certain product or strategy, leading to higher efficiency, sales and growth as they cultivate their competitive advantage in that particular area. In the long run, however, this attitude is unsustainable.
They become unable to keep up with the threats of new competitors, changing consumer demands, newly developed business models and changes in the external environment.
Overconfidence and complacency
Failures in business projects happen all too often. Firms tend to invest too much and too long in activities that are elementally inoperative in its design or concept. Some examples are Merrill Lynch, RBS, AIG, Citibank, Lehman Brothers and Fresh & Easy. Most large capital investment projects come in late and over budget, never living up to expectations. Over 70% of new manufacturing plants in North America, for example, close within the first decade of operations. Around 75% of mergers and acquisitions do not pay off – the acquiring firm's shareholders lose more than the acquired firm's shareholders gain. The vast majority of efforts to break into new markets are abandoned within a few years.
Standard economic theory explains the high rate of failures as an inevitable result of companies taking rational risks in the face of uncertain situations. The rewards of a few successes outweigh losses incurred from many failures in the long run. Executives know this and accept the risk. This theory absolves them from blame – they were simply making rational risks after all.
Lovallo and Kahneman argue, however, that most of these failures are actually the results of flawed decision making. When predicting the outcomes of risky projects, executives easily fall victim to what psychologists call the planning fallacy. They make decisions based on delusional optimism instead of on rational weighing of gains, losses and probabilities. They spin scenarios of success while overlooking potential problems. Consequently, they pursue initiatives that are unlikely to succeed. Research into human cognition has traced this over-optimism to many sources.
Humans have a native tendency to exaggerate their own talents, so many executives believe they are above average in their endowment of positive traits and abilities. This is amplified by the tendency to misperceive causes of certain events.
People tend to take credit for positive outcomes and attribute negative outcomes to external factors. A study of letters to shareholders in annual reports, for example, found that executives tend to attribute favourable outcomes to factors under their control, like corporate strategy or R&D programmes. Unfavourable outcomes were more likely to be attributed to uncontrollable external factors like the weather or inflation. People also tend to exaggerate the control we have over events, discounting the role of luck.
The illusion of control
Managers explicitly deny the role of chance in affecting the outcome of their plans. They see risk as a challenge to be met by their skills, and believe that results are determined purely by actions they and their organisation have taken. In making forecasts, they therefore tend to ignore or downplay the possibility of random, uncontrollable occurrences that may impede their progress towards a goal.
In making forecasts about a project, executives and their subordinates typically have a preliminary plan drawn up by whomever proposed the initiative, which is then adjusted based on market research, financial analysis or their own professional judgement, before deciding on how to proceed.
This process has some serious pitfalls, however. The initial plan tends to accentuate the positive because as a proposal, it was designed to make the case for the project as compelling as possible, thus skewing the subsequent analysis towards over-optimism.
Anchoring can be especially pernicious when it comes to forecasting the costs of major capital projects. Executives often fail to build in enough contingency funds to cover overruns because they are anchored to their original cost estimates and do not sufficiently adjust them to account for possible delays, problems and expansions of project scope.
A study by Rand Corporation found that the construction costs of 44 chemical-processing plants owned by major companies such as 3M, DuPont and Texaco are, on average, more than double the initial estimates. Furthermore, about half produced less than 75% of their design capacity and a quarter produced less than 50%. Most plants had their performance expectations permanently lowered and the owners never realised a return on their investments.
In making forecasts, executives tend to focus on their own company's capabilities and plans and are thus prone to neglect the potential abilities and actions of rivals. Again, this results in underestimation of negative events such as price wars, overcapacity etc.
This is particularly destructive in ventures to enter new markets. When a company identifies a rapidly growing market well suited to its products and capabilities, it often rushes to gain a beachhead in it, investing heavily in production capacity and marketing. However, attractive pro forma forecasts of financial results that motivate this expansion rarely account for other competitors also targeting the same market. As all these companies invest at the same time, supply outstrips demand and the new market quickly becomes unprofitable.
Each firm has a limited amount of time and capital to be invested into new projects. There is intense competition for this time and money as individuals and units jockey to present their own proposals as being the most potentially lucrative. There are thus large incentives for these individuals and units to accentuate the positives in predicting outcomes. As a result, it ensures that forecasts used in planning are overoptimistic (which later distorts all further analysis). Also, it increases the odds that the projects chosen for investment are the ones with the most over-optimistic forecasts, and hence the highest probability of disappointment.
Other organisational practices also encourage over-optimism. For example, senior executives tend to stress the importance of stretch goals for their business units. This may increase motivation, but it also leads to unit managers further skewing their forecasts towards improbably rosy outcomes. Additionally, organisations may discourage pessimism, which is perceived as disloyalty. Other employees shun the bearer of bad news. Suppressing pessimistic opinions while rewarding optimistic ones will cripple an organisation's ability to think critically and analyse objectively.
The Machiavelli factor is defined by Flybjerg in his review of Lovallo and Kahneman's work in 2003 as the deliberate "cooking" of forecasts in order to get ventures started.
Flyjberg opines that adjusting forecasts due to political pressures can hardly be called optimism or a fallacy – deliberate deception would be more accurate. He believes that Lovallo and Kahneman's analysis of the planning fallacy is valid only when political pressures are insignificant.
In his study of bias in cost and demand forecasting in capital-investment transport projects, he found strong evidence of substantial political pressures on executives to make rosy forecasts – and minor penalties for having made them. The study covered 7 decades, and in that time span, forecasters made constant errors of the same magnitude and frequency, leading to repeated cost overruns and demand failures. For example, urban rail investments had average cost overruns of 45% in constant prices and demand was 50% lower than predicted. He found similar patterns in date for other types of investments.
Over-optimism is responsible for this phenomenon only if inexperienced forecasters were involved. Given that humans can, and do, learn from experience, however, it is unlikely that forecasters continually make the same errors for so many years. Over time, forecasters should have learnt to avoid being over-optimistic and accuracy of cost and demand estimates should improve. His data, however, shows that this has not happened.
After testing his data for technical, economic, psychological and political factors that may induce bias in forecasting, Flyvberg concluded that political explanations fit best.
If indeed executives are purposely cooking their estimates due to organisational pressure, they will have little incentive to accept the outside view.
Dogma, ritual and specialisation
There are perils associated with following a certain system, even a winning one, for too long. Clear commitments are required for initial success, but these commitments harden with time and ultimately constrain a firm's ability to adapt when its competitive environment shifts. As the market environment evolves, the fresh competitive formula that led to a firm's initial success instead becomes a rigid set of rules that dictate and confine their strategies. This dynamic can lead good firms to go bad, even when executives avoid arrogance and complacency.
To win in the market, executives must make a set of commitments that together constitute the organisation's success formula. A distinctive success formula focuses employees, confers efficiency, attracts resources, and differentiates the company from rivals. Five categories of commitments comprise the success formula:
- Strategic frames: What we see when we look at the world, including definition of industry, relevant competitors and how to create value.
- Processes: How we do things around here entailing both informal and formal routines.
- Resources: Tangible and intangible assets that we control which help us compete, such as brand, technology, real estate, expertise, etc.
- Relationships: Established links with external stakeholders including investors, technology partners or distributors
- Values: Beliefs that inspire, unify and identify us.
Although commitments are essential for initial success, they tend to harden over time. Initial success reinforces management's belief that they should fortify their success formula. With time and repetition, people stop considering alternatives to their commitments, and take them for granted. When the environment shifts, a gap can grow between what the market demands and what the firm does. Managers see the gap, often at an early stage, and respond aggressively to close it. But their hardened commitments channel their responses into well-worn ruts. The harder they work, the wider the gap becomes. The result is active inertia.
According to Sull's paper in 1999, active inertia – an organisation's tendency to follow established behavioural patterns – encompasses and details the ways success can eventually breed failure.
Frames become blinders
Strategic frames are the mind-sets that help managers evaluate how and what the business is doing, judge the market they are operating in, determine the importance of each segment of customers and decide on how to best increase the value of their firms.
Strategic frames provide focus and fit new information into a broader pattern. They help managers focus among the flurry of raw information they are bombarded with each day. Managers can see patterns in raw data by fitting them into a familiar information model. They can quickly judge the potential of new product ideas by seeing whether or not they fit in with the existing “style” of the company.
However, as the managers’ attention is drawn consistently to particular details and into certain frameworks, they eventually begin to believe that these are the only things that work and matter. Essentially, frames can constrict managers’ peripheral vision, blinding them to novel opportunities and threats. As their strategic frames grow more rigid, managers often shoe-horn surprising information into existing frames or ignore it altogether.
Consider NatWest Bank (National Westminster until 1995). At its foundation, National Westminster's executives committed to a clear set of strategic frames—retail banking is stagnant and UK suffering irreversible decline. The bank diversified into the US, Europe, Far East and Soviet Union and expanded into new financial services. When the Big Bank deregulation heightened competition, rivals such as Lloyds TSB refocused on their domestic retail business. NatWest, in contrast, responded by accelerating geographic and product diversification. Critics blasted NatWest throughout the 1990s for waiting too long to divest money-losing distractions until RBS acquired NatWest in 2000.
The evolution of the French military strategy in the first half of this century is a prime example. Initially, they emphasized attack, believing it to be the way to win against all odds. This strategy, however, wrought only disaster for them during World War I, leading France to adopt instead a purely defensive strategy. This is reflected in the construction of the Maginot Line to protect France's borders from invasion by Germany. Unfortunately, this defence proved futile in stopping the Blitzkrieg attacks. So in effect, the lessons they gleaned from World War I led them to tragedy in World War II.
As strategic frames become entrenched, companies keep fighting the way they did in the last "war".
Processes become routines
In the beginning, employees in a company will usually test out different ways of carrying out tasks until they find one that works exceptionally well. Once they do, they tend to lock into this one method and no longer try to find alternatives that may work better.
Sticking to one particular process improves productivity and efficiency by freeing up employees’ time and the predictability of using the same method time and time again provides the stability and predictability need to organise effectively the activities in a large and complex firm.
Over time, these routines resist change. With repetition, processes become second nature; people stop thinking of them as a means to an end, if they think of them at all. When the environment shifts, managers’ commitments to existing processes trigger an actively inert response.
Consider Compaq, which grew to sales of $3.6 billion in its first eight years based on processes that consistently produced high quality products. Manufacturing routines made quality the first priority (and cost a distant fifth) while the product development process sacrificed speed and thrift to get the product specs 100% right every time. Compaq's quality-at-any-price processes served the company well in the early days of the PC industry when customers worried about the product's usability and low-cost alternatives were rare. As PCs became commodities and nimble rivals like Dell rose to the fore, competition shifted to value for money. Compaq relied on its well-honed processes to churn out gold-plated products priced to gather dust on dealers’ shelves.
Resources become millstones
Specialized resources build competitive advantage that rivals cannot easily replicate. Shifts in the competitive environment, however, can devalue established resources.
Major airlines historically competed on the strength of their hub-and-spoke systems in which the carriers controlled valuable real estate at hub airports and a fleet optimised for this business model. The rise of low-cost upstarts such as Southwest and Ryanair depressed industry pricing and poached customers. Traditional carriers could not easily redeploy their hubs and planes to compete cost-effectively against new entrants.
Relationships become shackles
To be successful, consumers must build and maintain strong relationships with their various stakeholders – employees, customers, suppliers, investors etc. Managers commit to external relationships by investing in specialized facilities to serve a key customer, for example, or writing long-term service contracts. These relationships can make or break a company—think of Microsoft and Intel or Wal-Mart and Procter & Gamble.
Over time, however, maintaining these established relationships shackles a firm and limits its flexibility to act appropriately, especially when market conditions change. These relationships become shackles.
- Relationships with customers:
Companies cannot focus on new markets or on developing new products, as they need to maintain a good relationship with their existing consumer base. For example, in the 1980s, Kirin Brewery was slow to offer trendy dry beers, which were increasingly popular among younger drinkers, because they did not want to estrange their main market of Japanese businessmen. Consequently, Asahi Breweries beat them and became the new leader of the post-war Japanese beer market.
- Relationships with employees:
For example, Apple's relaxed and innovation-driven corporate culture had attracted some of the best engineers to work for them, who invented smashingly successful products. As computers became more commonplace, Apple had to keep costs down and market new products more quickly. This required discipline that Apple was reluctant to impose for fear of alienating their creative employees. Strict control deviated from Apple's corporate culture and the engineers were too comfortable to change their ways, hence making it difficult for managers to impose control and hindering it from responding to market changes more efficiently.
Another example is Banc One. Their strategy was to acquire local banks, retain the managers and grant them enough freedom to run their businesses. This encouraged the managers to be more entrepreneurial and attentive to environmental changes. As the banking industry was deregulated and consolidated, Banc One started to struggle. The high operating costs due to decentralisation made them inefficient, but Banc One was slow to standardise and centralise their back-office operations because they did not want to restrict the autonomy of the bank managers. Their performance only improved after their CEO, John B. McCoy, dropped the uncommon partnerships with the managers entirely.
- Relationships with external allies:
The Daewoo Group, which at its peak approached $20 billion in revenues and employed two hundred thousand worldwide before falling into bankruptcy. Daewoo owed much of its growth to cosy relationships with South Korea's General Park, who ruled the country with an iron fist for nearly two decades. Park supported Daewoo and other favored conglomerates with financing and tariffs. In exchange, Daewoo invested in industries targeted for expansion. When subsequent governments ended policies that favored the conglomerates, Daewoo's Chairman Kim tightened links with remaining friendly Korean politicians, and forged bonds with politicians in emerging markets such as Vietnam, the Sudan and Uzbekistan to replicate cozy relationships at home.
Values becomes dogmas
A company's values unify its people. Strong values can elicit fierce loyalty from employees, strengthen the bonds between a company and its customers, attract like-minded partners, and hold together a company's far-flung operations. These entrenched beliefs define how they see themselves and the firm. However, as companies mature, these values may become a rigid set of rules that oppress and not inspire.
For example, Polaroid's employees once prided themselves on the company's cutting edge innovations. It valued technological breakthroughs first and foremost. Other business activities such as marketing and finance were deemed unimportant as long as they were technologically up-to-date. Polaroid's managers then invested heavily in research, without considering changes in the consumer's tastes. Consequently, sales declined.
Shell is another company hindered by their values. In the 1930s, Henri Deterding, a Nazi sympathiser and strong leader dominated Shell. When he was finally forced out, the company grew distasteful of centralised management, leading to the rise of extremely independent country managers. While Shell's decentralisation allowed it to quickly grow globally, it also prevented Shell from quickly cutting costs and rationalising its operations when oil prices fell in the 1990s.
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认为是湖人无缘季后赛的主要原因之一。竞技体育菜是原罪，低迷的发挥，也让威少遭遇了前所未有的质疑。如今，人们对于威少的普遍印象是：耀世娱乐,耀世平台,嬴咖6娱乐能力已经不比当年，却又不愿意作出改变。威少的情况其实与前几个赛季的卡梅罗-安东尼类似。当时，安东尼也一度陷入了无球可打的尴尬局面。后来，安东尼终于想通，接受了当角色球员的定位，并在波特兰开拓者证明了自己是可以扮演不同的角色，最终才获得了新生。<|endoftext|>۹۲۹ بازدید
لحظات کوکمین در روز دوم مراسم گلدن دیسک آواردز۲۰۱۹
ترجمه حرفهای کوکی اول ویدئو ..
از بین کاغذها برگه ای برمیداره و میخونه:
" اشکالی نداره اگه اولین نباشی از اونجایی که همیشه بهترین بودی "
کوک نوشته رو میخونه و جیمین از اونور داد میزنه این چیزیه که باید به من بگی ، بعد کوک دوباره جمله رو میخونه :
جیمینااا ( ^^) اشکالی نداره اگه اولین نباشی ، کجا داری میری ؟ ( کوک اینو پرسید چون جیمین داشت میرفت که بعد از این که کوک پرسید کجا میری جیمین داد زد اینجام ) از اونجایی که همیشه بهترین بودی !
@kookmin_world
ادامشم که دلبری کردن جیمین مال کوکیه .. فقط ببینید چطور با چشمای قلبی بهش زل میزنه و میخنده، موقع رفتن براش صبر میکنه ..
کلا دائم حواسشون به همدیگس ادامه<|endoftext|>Il consiglio per aumentare la crescita dei capelli è l'uso di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo. Una miriade di recensioni positive di utenti entusiasti spiegano la popolarità sempre crescente del prodotto.
Rapporti recenti dimostrano la tesi che Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo potrebbe aiutare molte persone. In questo articolo l'eventuale acquirente scoprirà tutto il necessario per applicare, l'impatto e i possibili risultati.
Cosa è necessario sapere su Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo?
La società di produzione ha lanciato Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo, con il desiderio di aumentare la crescita dei capelli. A seconda di ciò che hai impostato come obiettivo, viene utilizzato in modo permanente o solo brevemente. I clienti Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo riferiscono dei grandi successi con Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo. Le informazioni di base riassunte per te prima dell'acquisto del rimedio:
Con la sua struttura naturale, puoi aspettarti che Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo ben tollerato.
Il produttore di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo ha una buona reputazione e sta distribuendo i fondi online per un lungo periodo - i produttori potrebbero quindi accumulare una grande esperienza.
L'azienda produttrice vende Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo un prodotto che è stato studiato solo allo scopo di abbellire la crescita dei capelli.
I componenti di questo prodotto seguono un unico scopo, ma con risultati esemplari - una rarità, perché la stragrande maggioranza delle taglie di mercato preferisce prodotti mirati a qualcosa di tutto, in modo che il produttore possa venderli come una sorta di soluzione di brevetto.
Il triste risultato è che sono incluse dosi troppo piccole degli ingredienti più importanti, il che rende questi articoli inutili.
Inoltre, il produttore di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo vende direttamente i prodotti. Ciò significa il miglior prezzo d'acquisto.
In tal caso, un potenziale cliente dovrebbe evitare di utilizzare questo metodo?
È incredibilmente facile:
Le seguenti situazioni significano che non dovresti assolutamente usare questa preparazione: non verrai cotto Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo quotidianamente.
Così come gli aspetti elencati dovrebbero essere chiariti per assicurarci che l'elencazione di detti problemi non ti riguardi e puoi dire molto chiaramente: "Per raggiungere il progresso rispetto ai capelli completi do tutto!", Non pensare oltre e prendere Il tuo problema alla fine ha attaccato. Questo è esattamente ciò che differenzia questo articolo da prodotti come Valgus 2 in 1 .
Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo sembra offrire un eccellente sollievo in questo progetto.
Ecco perché l'acquisto di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo promettente:
- Si evita un intervento chirurgico rischioso e complesso
- Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo non è una droga normale, quindi è molto digeribile e facile da accompagnare
- Non devi andare da un dottore e un farmacista che ti sorride con le tue necessità
- Perché è un prodotto naturale, è poco costoso da acquistare e l'acquisto è completamente legale e senza prescrizione
- Il pacchetto e il mittente sono poco appariscenti e assolutamente privi di significato: perché acquisti su Internet e rimane un segreto, ciò che acquisti lì
Come funziona Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo?
Come funziona Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo può essere facilmente riconosciuto prendendo tempo sufficiente e tenendo d'occhio le proprietà del rimedio.
Abbiamo preso questo compito da te: quindi, prima di giudicare le reazioni tenendo conto delle recensioni e delle esperienze degli utenti, diamo un'occhiata a ciò che il fornitore ha da Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo su Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo :
In questo modo, almeno questi feedback da quei consumatori fedeli di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo
- disponibile solo in un negozio
- Serve pazienza
Svantaggi di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo?
- Consegna in pochi giorni
- spedizione discreta
- servizio cortese
- Mi prova con risultati positivi
- facile applicazione
- offerte interessanti
Sicuramente ti stai chiedendo: ci sono effetti collaterali spiacevoli?
Grazie alla sua composizione di sostanze naturali incontaminate, il prodotto è disponibile senza prescrizione medica.
Sia il produttore che le comunicazioni e il feedback nel traffico online sono coerenti: il prodotto non causa fastidiosi effetti collaterali secondo i produttori, decine di recensioni e la rete.
La garanzia all-inclusive esiste solo se si rispettano le raccomandazioni direttamente nell'uso, poiché Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo agisce in modo estremamente intenso.
Pertanto, dovresti assicurarti di ordinare il prodotto solo da rivenditori fidati - segui il nostro servizio clienti - per evitare duplicati (falsi). Un prodotto contraffatto, anche se un prezzo basso a prima vista può attirarti, di solito ha scarso effetto e può essere pericoloso nella peggiore delle ipotesi.
Quali ingredienti possono essere trovati in Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo?
Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo ogni sostanza attiva di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo non avrebbe molto senso - ecco perché ci limitiamo ai tre più interessanti.
Sfortunatamente, è praticamente inutile gestire un ingrediente efficace senza una dose sana.
Coincidentalmente, l'interesse per Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo non ha certo bisogno di preoccuparsi del dosaggio, al contrario: questi componenti sono stati piuttosto focalizzati con particolare attenzione agli studi.
Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo usare Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo
Il modo più sicuro per Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo di fare un po 'di ricerca sul prodotto.
Non devi essere consapevole dell'effetto prima di acquistare l'articolo. Non c'è dubbio che non avrai ostacoli per applicare la dose giornaliera indipendentemente da dove ti trovi.
Questo è esattamente ciò che mostrano centinaia di test condotti da decine di consumatori.
Per tutte le preoccupazioni irrisolte, ci sono soluzioni dettagliate e pertinenti nelle istruzioni per l'uso e sul sito Web originale dell'azienda, a cui si arriva tramite il collegamento.
Quanto velocemente possono aspettarsi risultati?
Alcuni clienti dicono di essere stati in grado di registrare un cambiamento la prima volta che sono stati applicati. Questo lo differenzia da altri articoli come ReCardio. Non è quindi raro che già dopo poche settimane si possano prenotare già esperienze di successo.
Più il prodotto viene applicato regolarmente, più i risultati sono sorprendenti.
I clienti sembrano così convinti del prodotto che ne hanno effettivamente bisogno per alcune settimane, anche dopo un po 'di tempo.
Di conseguenza, non si dovrebbe essere eccessivamente manipolati dai rapporti dei test se qui vengono promessi risultati estremamente rapidi. A seconda dell'utente, ci vuole un po 'prima che i risultati finali appaiano.
Esperienze di altri utenti di Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo
Nella maggior parte dei casi, troverai principalmente recensioni dei clienti che raccomandano pienamente il prodotto. D'altra parte, di tanto in tanto, leggi anche gli utenti che riportano minori successi, ma nel complesso il feedback è ancora molto positivo.
Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo - se approfitti delle eccellenti offerte del produttore - è una considerazione ragionevole.
Ma diamo un'occhiata più da vicino alle testimonianze di persone testate entusiaste.
A causa di questi fantastici progressi, quindi, i consumatori apprezzano il prodotto:
Ovviamente gestisce il feedback individuale e il prodotto può avere un impatto diverso su tutti. Nel complesso, tuttavia, il feedback sembra notevole e concludo che il risultato sarà molto soddisfacente anche per voi.
Le masse documentano le seguenti modifiche:
Cosa si potrebbe finalmente concretizzare?
Dall'accurata composizione ai report dei clienti positivi a quegli effetti garantiti dal produttore.
Inoltre, la facilità d'uso rappresenta un enorme vantaggio perché si perde poco tempo.
La nostra conclusione è: Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo convincente in ogni modo, quindi vale sicuramente la pena di fare un test.
Un esperimento è certamente raccomandato. Sulla base di un sacco di test e speranze deluse per quanto riguarda la crescita dei capelli, mi rendo conto che il rimedio è l'opzione migliore nella zona. E questo sarà impressionante, se lo confronti con Chocolate Slim.
Il risultato chiaro è quindi: un acquisto è garantito per essere raccomandato. Tuttavia, prima di colpire, consulta i nostri consigli supplementari su come acquistare il rimedio per evitare di acquistare accidentalmente un falso cattivo.
Devi stare attento se cerchi i fornitori del prodotto
Non si dovrebbe correre il rischio di scegliere i produttori alternativi e di conseguenza non si ottiene altro che la contraffazione, non l'effettivo Vivese Senso Duo Shampoo.
Su questi siti web, non solo si può ottenere un prodotto inefficace, ma anche un rischio incerto!
Per risultati tempestivi e affidabili, il negozio online collegato a questo sito è la migliore strategia.
Per motivi di sicurezza, ho ricercato tutte le fonti online e ho scoperto: da solo con il venditore menzionato, si può essere sicuri che non si acquistano prodotti contraffatti.
Questo dovrebbe essere notato per ottenere l'ordine di questo prodotto:
Evita clic pericolosi su Google e le offerte che controlliamo. Faccio del mio meglio per controllare sempre i collegamenti, in modo che si tenga cura di ordinare effettivamente il prezzo più basso e le migliori condizioni di consegna.Di conseguenza, sembra essere migliore di Hammer of Thor.<|endoftext|>kucuk cacuk ile olgun kadın erotik film
Bir Latin kız arkadaşıyla POV seks çekerken, adam tatlıyı iyi becerdi ve şimdi boşalmak üzereydi. Ortağının üstüne oturan sarışın güzel, aletini kollarıyla tuttu ve aktif olarak kel olanı sürmeye başladı. Wench, parmaklarıyla aktif olarak çalışarak sonuna kadar sattı ve kısa süre sonra sperm döküldü.
porna sikiş video:<|endoftext|>你是否对 外汇开户名字怎么填, 做外汇哪里能开户还有不理解的地方，接下来我们将详细讲一下和外汇开户名字怎么填,做外汇哪里能开户相关的一些知识。
如今的市场更加有效。结果，不再像格雷厄姆和巴菲特那样，仅根据公开可获得的信息就可以找到低估的低价股票。取而代之的是，估值极低的股票背后一定有其原因，而且这些股票值得这个价格。
而且必须有充分的理由对非常昂贵的股票进行估值。他们应该得到如此高的估值。我认为这是目前最明智的方法。
如果您认为可以通过研究当前的公共信息来致富，那么您现在可能对投资行业有一些误解。在基于公共信息的定量数据分析中没有钱可赚。
如果您想成为一个非常成功的投资者，则有两种选择：研究定性信息，例如公司员工的素质，工程师的水平，思维过程，产品开发，销售能力，或者预测未来，或两者兼而有之。
1.外汇市场教学
基本面分析适合预测中长期趋势。基本面分析适用于预测货币的中长期趋势，如未来6个月、1年或2年。还是比较合适的，但自从金本位制取消后，国际上通行的浮动汇率制，基本面不 因素会或多或少影响货币价格。比如，外汇市场规模不断扩大，参与外汇投资的人数不断增加。国际外汇市场的日交易量从1995年、1996年的8000亿美元增加到1995年、1996年的1.2万亿美元，其中80％左右是1万亿。美元的交易量是投机性的。投机者每时每刻都在国际市场上买进卖出，大量的资金也会影响到外汇市场。整个国际社会越来越开放，就像一个地球村，国际资金进出各国的自由度越来越大。美国的CHIPS、英国的CHAPS等国际支付系统加快了资金转移的速度，甚至可以在瞬间完成。国际资金仿佛长了翅膀，热钱在历史性的时刻出现，不仅影响了各国的货币政策，而且往往扭曲了本应反映在基本面上的货币合理价格，导致基本面分析短期失灵。因此，外汇投资者已经逐渐纠正了对基本面的使用。除了将其作为中长期趋势预测的工具外，还配合技术分析数据进行投资决策
2.什么是央行利率决议
鲍威尔在去年夏天（拜登在总统选举中击败特朗普之前）公布了一个新的货币政策框架：美联储将把通胀率暂时推高至2%以上，以弥补之前所有低于2%的年通胀率。这将令公众相信预期平均通胀率为2%，并据此设定工资和物价。无论失业率有多低，美联储都认为这不足以提高利率。拜登将很难找到比鲍威尔本人更忠于该货币政策框架的人选。事实上，包括耶伦在内的一些被吹捧为接班人的候选人在过去比鲍威尔更渴望加息。不过，即使解决就业问题是拜登的首要任务，也不一定是经济的首要任务。
3.什么是斐波那契指标
沙特能源大臣：OPEC+的决定是保守的，沙特将在未来3个月内逐步撤回100万桶/日的额外减产，仍可能进行向上或向下50万桶/日的调整，OPEC+保持谨慎态度。我们仍然有调整石油变化的保障措施。 增产决定关乎测试系统的灵活性。如有需要，OPEC+可以在下一次会议中进行调整。OPEC+寻求将石油库存削减至2015-2019年水平. 美国参议院共和党领袖麦康奈尔：共和党不会支持拜登的2.25万亿美元基础设施和就业计划。美国应该建造自己能负担的起的东西，而不是通过加税和举债来搞垮经济. 美国旧金山联储主席Daly：不认为美联储将在2021年实现两个目标。预计今年价格压力会暂时性上升，但不会持久，而且仍有数以百万计的美国人因疫情失业.美国3月生产材料交付期限升至纪录水平,美国供应管理协会（ISM）周四公布的制造业报告显示，生产材料送达美国工厂车间的平均时间创下纪录以来最长。采购经理人协会表示，3月份的交货期从1个月前的67天延长至75天，尽管ISM制造业指数升至1983年以来的最高，但ISM主席Timothy Fiore表示，交货期延长、关键基础材料大规模短缺、大宗商品价格上涨以及商品运输困难正影响制造业经济的所有领域。
4.如何利用支撑位和阻力位进行交易
欧洲时段，现货黄金 几乎持稳，现报1739.88美元/盎司，涨幅0.05%，投资者等待今日稍晚美联储主席鲍威尔和美国财长耶伦就美国经济状况发言。“鉴于美国公债收益率和美元当前的水平，金价可能已经超过了合理交易价值。从现在开始好像越来越难大幅上涨了，特别是如果美债收益率继续上扬的话，”华侨银行的分析师Howie Lee说，“本周在尘埃落定之后，我们对美联储每个决策者的想法有更好的了解，很可能对美联储今后的方向会有更好的了解，将为金价走向奠定基础。”鲍威尔周一表示，美国经济“改善很大”，但同时也警告，复苏“远没有完成。” 欧洲时段，美油盘中最大跌幅近5%，现报59.20美元/桶，跌幅3.83%，因忧心欧洲新的防疫限制及疫苗接种迟缓将减缓
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（我们将会看到），仍然处于一个时间隧道之中。这个时间隧道的墙壁形象地说就是大欧洲的空间边界。所谓历史就是顺着欧洲时间隧道的时间向后看或向下看，并试图决定什么事件在那里发生，什么时候发生，为什么发生。为了说明‘为什么’，当然需要把历史事件联系起来，但是只是把发生在欧洲时间隧道的事件联系起来。墙外的事件看来像岩石一样僵硬、没有时限、没有变化的传统。我把这种思想称为‘历史隧道眼光’，或者简单地称为‘隧道历史’。”【6】“历史隧道眼光”决定了欧洲一些人势必将西欧一隅的历史普遍化为整个人类的历史，用西欧的尺度来衡量世界历史的发展与进步，并且“用西欧的历史来剪裁世界各地区、各国家、各民族的历史”。【7】
可见，作为一种信仰体系的欧洲中心主义首先表现出的是它的意识形态的与非理性的一面，而在这同时，其所具有的非（反）科学与非（反）历史的一面也便立刻显现出来。当然，由于欧洲中心主义并不是一套完整而固定不变的原则体系，而是由各种不同表现形式而呈现出的松散的观念系列，因此，它的某些具体特征往往必须经由它的具体表现形式才得以呈现并由此而得以为人们所认识。从不同的角度出发，依据其不同的表现形式，人们也可能会对它的性质及其特征做出不同的认识和归纳。但是很显然，布劳特有关欧洲中心主义的界说以及由此所反映出的欧洲中心主义的若干突出的实质性特征，还是为我们提供了较为清晰的识别标记，其最大的好处是能够使我们在面对欧洲中心主义时，具备了某些基本的判断依据，由此而能够较为可靠地把握何者属于欧洲中心主义，或者至少能辨识出何者不应归入欧洲中心主义之列。
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布劳特有关欧洲中心主义的界说为我们确立了一个基本的逻辑起点，由此我们便得以不再含糊其辞地转入对欧洲中心主义的具体讨论之中。从这一基本的逻辑起点出发，进入历史研究领域，我们发现，尽管历史研究领域并非欧洲中心主义的唯一寄身之所，【8】但是，由于历史学在整个社会科学中所居的基础性地位，加之欧洲中心主义本身也必须借助历史学以作为其最有力的思想依恃与学术支撑，因此，历史研究领域遂一度成为欧洲中心主义泛滥成灾之地。欧洲中心主义在这里获得了它最完善的形式，得到了最为充分的显现。
大致说来，历史研究领域中的欧洲中心主义出现于18世纪末。与以伏尔泰为代表的启蒙时代早期的整体世界史观及世界史编撰传统不同，夹杂着种族一文化优越论与“历史隧道眼光”的欧洲中心主义已开始出现在这一时期少数历史著作家的历史理论阐释与历史编撰实践中。德国历史哲学家赫尔德与哥廷根学派历史学家穆勒是这方面的典型代表。赫尔德是德国启蒙运动中颇负盛名的史学家，但与此同时，赫尔德也被柯林武德称为第一个“以系统的方式承认在不同人种之间存在着差别，而且承认人性并不是一致的而是分歧的”思想家。其种族差异论思想已明显流露出种族文化优越论的征象。在赫尔德看来，“唯有在欧洲，人类的生命才是真正历史性的，而在中国或印度或美洲的土人中间，就没有真正历史的进展，而只有一种静止不变的文明，或者一系列的变化，其中旧的生活形式虽为新的形式所取代，但并没有成其为历史前进的特点的那种稳定的积累的发展。”他由此而得出的结论是：“欧洲是人类生活一个得天独厚的区域，正如人在动物之中、动物在活的有机体之中和有机体在地球的存在物之中得天独厚一样。”【9】把欧洲和欧洲人置于其他地区的人类之上，以欧洲魄历史取代世界历史，人为地将其他民族和人民排除在世界历史之外，赫尔德历史理论中的欧洲中心主义于此可见一斑。
与赫尔德差不多同时的德国历史学家穆勒，则成为世界史编纂实践中“明确主张西欧中心论的始作俑者”。【10】穆勒虽然也强调世界历史发展的统一性，但他的所谓世界历史统一性实际则“变成了欧洲历史（确切地说是西欧历史）的统一性”。穆勒一改哥廷根学派早期的世界史编撰原则与基本思路，公然宣称：“我关注的是人类种族的欧洲部分”。可见，在穆勒这里，欧洲中心主义已不再是赫尔德式的含蓄表达，而是赤裸裸的公开宣扬了。在穆勒的带动和影响下，大约从18世纪末开始，“西欧中心论的观念在哥廷根派历史学家中逐渐流行开来，由他们所撰写的世界通史已不成其为‘通史’了，特别是对近代以来的历史的叙述，都把世界史统一到西欧历史中，一部世界史变成为近代西欧各国制度的历史”。【11】将西欧以外的各民族、各国家历史拒于世界历史之外，以西欧历史的统一性取代世界历史的统一性，西欧中心主义由此堂而皇之地进入历史编纂实践中，成为为害极广的观念怪胎。
进入19世纪，欧洲中心主义更是迎来了其恣意横行的极盛时期。世界史理论与编撰实践中的欧洲中心主义的一些“经典”表现形式，正是在这一时期相继登台亮相的。首先是黑格尔从理论上对欧洲中心主义做了系统阐述，在黑格尔看来，世界历史是“世界精神”发展和实现的过程，而由于世界精神的“本性”是自由的，因此，世界历史也便是自由被意识的进步过程，“世界历史无非是‘自由’意识的进展，这一种进展是我们必须在它的必然性中加以认识的。”黑格尔对“自由”意识的不同程度做出了纯粹抽象的逻辑划分，按他的说法：东方各国从古到今只知道一个人是自由的，希腊和罗马世界只知道一部分人是自由的，而对于近代西方世界（日耳曼世界）的人们来说，一切人都绝对是自由的。对应地，他所描绘的世界精神发展历程是：它在古代东方度过了其“幼年时期”，在希腊度过了它的“青年时代”，在罗马度过了它的“壮年时代”，在日耳曼——基督教世界则最终步入了它的“老年时代”。但黑格尔此处所谓的“老年时代”却迥异于一般意义上的老年时代。黑格尔强调指出：“自然界的‘老年时代’是衰弱不振的；但是‘精神’的‘老年时代’却是完满的成熟和力量”。黑格尔用这种方式勾画出世界精神发展进程也即是“世界历史的大概路线”，而其最终要得出的结论无非是：“世界历史从‘东方’到‘西方’，因为欧洲绝对地是历史的终点，亚洲是起点”。这样，以世界精神之名，黑格尔的世界历史理论首先将美洲逐出世界历史之外：“新世界里发生的种种，只是旧世界的一种回声，——一种外来生活的表现而已。”【12】继而又以某个历史民族一旦完成了其历史使命，就会成为无历史的民族为由，将非欧洲的东方世界排除在世界历史的门外。【13】
及至19世纪中后期，德国历史学家兰克更是成为从世界史编撰理论与实践两方面极力鼓吹西欧中心论的代表，兰克继承了赫尔德以来历史理论中的种族—文化优越论偏见，毫不掩饰其对于西欧以外各民族的轻蔑态度。在他看来，亚洲诸民族的历史是静止和迟滞的，东方社会只有倒退而无所谓进步。他声言：“历史教导我们说，有些民族完全没有能力谈文化……我相信从全人类的观点看来，人类的思想……只是在伟大民族中历史地形成的。”而他所谓的伟大民族，则唯有拉丁和条顿民族堪当其名。兰克把拉丁和条顿民族视为极少数不断走向历史进步的民族。在他眼里，世界历史的主流只能是由拉丁和条顿民族的进步史构筑而成的。【14】兰克并未满足于让他的西欧中心主义仅仅停留在理论层面上，他还进一步地把这种西欧中心论观念贯穿到具体的编史实践中。兰克晚年著有7卷本《世界史》，这部号称“世界史”的著作，只是在其起始部分用极简单的文字记述了北非和西亚的历史，随即转入希腊罗马史（1～4卷），接下来便进入对西欧中世纪历史的描述，完全是西欧中心论的编史模式，其目的则是要“揭示在西欧各民族力量的冲突和斗争之背后所展示的世界历史发展态势”。【15】
兰克的世界史编纂思想，对19世纪末英国著名史学家阿克顿影响很大。阿克顿在主编《剑桥世界近代史》时，即以西欧国家的历史进程为“主流”，再以是否对“主流”有贡献或贡献大小而将世界上的国家区分为“主流国家”与“非主流国家”。这样，非西欧国家就多被归入“非主流国家”之列，其历史或者完全被忽视或者很少见载于他的世界史著述中。【16】阿克顿及其主编的《剑桥世界近代史》为19世纪这一欧洲中心论的经典时代划上了句号。此后，欧洲中心论虽不时出现在一些历史学家的著作中，但欧洲中心主义显然已度过其历史上最为风光的一段时期。自20世纪初期起，欧洲中心论开始遭遇各种反欧洲中心论思潮的直接挑战。从斯宾格勒的《西方的没落》到汤因比的《历史研究》，西方中心论先是遭到文化形态学说的有力批判，继而则受到整体史观、全球史观的沉重打击。时至今日，以倡导超越国别、地区或民族界限而理解整个世界历史的全球史观，已然构成了“西方世界史研究的主要特征之一”，【17】并日益产生广泛而深刻的世界性影响，而欧洲中心论正日益面临着被彻底逐出历史研究领域的命运。【18】
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对历史研究领域中的欧洲中心主义所做的大致清理，无疑有助于我们对欧洲中心主义形成某种较为直观的认识，但较之更为重要的或许还在于，历史研究领域中的欧洲中心主义不啻为我们提供了一个明确的参照系。经由与这些历史“范本”的参照与比较，我们发现，世界史理论与编撰实践中的一个重要问题——欧洲中心主义与以欧洲为中心的世界近现代史体系之间的联系与区别，由此而变得相对明晰了。在我们看来，从真正历史的角度出发，客观地分析考察欧洲或西方在近（现）代世界历史中的特殊影响及其所扮演的中心角色，与完全站在非历史、非科学的意识形态立场而利用历史（学）以宣扬种族文化优越论的欧洲中心主义之间毫无共同之处，而那种因二者之间存在的某种外在形式或文字表达方式上的相似而无视其本质区别并将二者完全混为一谈的做法，则不能不说是一种明显的误解。从这个意义上说，批判的、历史主义的肯定欧洲在近现代历史时期的中心地位，完全与欧洲中心主义无涉，而欧洲中心主义的阴影也根本不应成为我们讳言欧洲中心问题的理由。
其实，就在欧洲中心主义大行其道的19世纪，马克思和恩格斯也曾在思考、总结世界历史发展进程及其规律时，直接间接地论述过近代历史时期的欧洲中心问题。正是根据马克思在近代时期欧洲中心问题上的明确态度，一些人甚至不加区别地把马克思归人欧洲中心论者的行列。【19】然而，对照前述有关欧洲中心主义的本质特征与历史研究领域中的欧洲中心主义的具体表现，马克思和恩格斯有关近代欧洲中心地位的言说，却立即显示出了其与欧洲中心主义历史观之判然有别。大致说来，二者在有关欧洲中心问题上的根本差异表现在以下几个方面：其一，在确立中心的原则以及具体方式上，欧洲中心主义依据的是所谓种族的、文化的特殊优越性，而这种种族或文化等等的孰优孰劣则完全是毫无科学根据的自我认定；相形之下，马克思的世界历史理论则依据的是一定世界历史时代的性质以及一定世界历史时代中占统治地位的生产方式的发展演变规律，来判定中心与非中心的。其二，对于欧洲中心论者而言，所谓的“中心”完全是与生俱来的，或者也只能是其自身历史发展的当然结果，而中心之作为中心，其存在则是超历史的，是一种无时间性的永恒存在。反之，马克思的世界历史理论认为，任何中心都只能是历史地形成的，中心的出现无非是世界历史时代之整体作用的结果；同样，中心的存在也只能是历史性的，历史的辩证法决定着中心必然是随着世界历史时代的发展而变化的，绝不可能存在某个永恒不变的中心。其三，欧洲中心论者无视中心与非中心之间的相互作用与相互影响，在把非西方民族排除在历史之外的同时，一味地将中心及其作用绝对化或“超世界历史化”；而马克思的世界历史理论则认为，中心的存在并不是孤立的，一定世界历史时代的中心与非中心是互为前提、相互作用的，离开这种相互作用就无所谓中心。【20】这里，还可以进一步指出的是，欧洲中心论者为了达到证明欧洲种族文化优越性的目的，一方面极力贬抑其他非西方民族，另一方面则对欧洲这一中心极尽美化甚至神化之能事。而马克思和恩格斯则是在确认各个民族和国家都以其特定的方式参与世界历史演变发展进程的前提下，在平等看待不同民族的基础上，论及欧洲中心问题的；不仅如此，他们对待欧洲中心作用这一问题本身也采取的是一种深刻的历史批判的态度，在肯定欧洲资本主义历史作用的同时，对于资本主义、殖民主义等等的批判揭露或许较前者更为全面、深刻与彻底，也更为我们所熟知。
马克思和恩格斯有关欧洲中心问题的论述为我们提供了一个经典的历史范例，它在加深我们对欧洲中心论的理解的同时，也使我们对近现代世界史上的欧洲中心地位有了更明确的认识。很显然，那种把马克思和恩格斯的欧洲中心历史认识与欧洲中心论不加区分地混为一谈的做法，其结果只能是使人们对马克思产生误解的同时，却让真正的欧洲中心论得以逃离人们的视线而无法被识破。实际上，把欧洲中心问题当做一个纯粹历史的问题来理解，与借助、利用历史以宣扬欧洲优越论的意识形态信条，从一开始就是大相径庭的两种思维路径。历史研究领域中的欧洲中心论固然应当遭到批判和反对，但这并不意味着就此应当对欧洲中心的历史认识产生恶感，甚而彻底否定特定历史时期的欧洲中心地位。有意思的是，那种以反欧洲中心论的形式而得出的否定近现代时期欧洲中心地位的结论，不仅无助于消除欧洲中心主义的流害，反而有可能如同沃勒斯坦所言：“由于否认欧洲的贡献，我们也否认欧洲的罪责”。【21】沃氏此语当能引起我们深思。
世界近现代时期的欧洲中心问题首先当然是一个历史认识和历史理论问题，但它同时也由于直接影响编史者的体系设计思路而变成一个历史编撰实践问题。在世界近现代时期的欧洲中心认识得以正名之后，世界近现代史编撰实践中的欧洲中心体系也应该能够不再受欧洲中心论之累了。在这方面，以倡导全球史观而著名的斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史
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کودک مطمئن شوید، وقت قبلی بگیرید، والدین همراه نوزاد باشند.
چگونگی پیشگیری از بیماری با واکسن:
واکسن ها را از میکروب ها (باکتری یا ویروس)، سم میکروب ها و یا از اجساد آنها می سازند و طوری تغییر می دهند که در بدن ایجاد بیماری نمی کنند و شبیه به این است که فرد، این بیماری را گرفته در واقع با تزریق آنها، سیستم ایمنی بدن شروع به تولید آنتی بادی علیه میکروب ها یا ویروس های ضعیف یا کشته شده می کنند. این آنتی بادی ها در صورت حمله احتمالی میکروب ها یا ویروس های قوی بیماری در آینده، آنها را از بین خواهند برد و بدن در برابر آن بیماری ایمن و مقاوم خواهد شد.
برنامه ایمن سازی کودکان نارس و یا کم وزن نیز مطابق جدول ایمن سازی عادی است و تجویز به موقع واکسن ها اکیدا توصیه می شود.
مراقبت های واکسیناسیون نوزاد:
مراقبت های قبل از واکسن:
- خودتان را آرام و راحت نگهدارید. زیرا اضطراب والدین بر کودک هم تاثیر میگذارد.
- جدول واکسیناسیون کودک را همراهتان داشته باشید تا اطلاعات جدید را در آن وارد کنید.
- هنگام تزریق واکسن، کودک را در آغوش بگیرید و روی پایتان بنشانید، به طوری که صورتش را به سوی شما باشد.
- با آرامی و با شکلی تسکینبخش با کودک صحبت کنید.
- پیش از تزریق واکسن نوزاد، فشار ملایمی بر بخشی از پوست که تزریق در آن انجام میشود، وارد کنید.
- با چیزی مثل اسباببازی حواس کودک را پرت کنید. یا برای او یا همراه با او آواز بخوانید.
- استفاده از چند قطره محلول آب قند میتوان نوزادان را در هنگام واکسیناسیون آرام کرد تا کمتر گریه کنند.
برای هیچ واکسنی جز سیاه سرفه محدودیت سنی وجود ندارد و درصورت عدم سابقه ایمن سازی باید مطابق برنامه عمل شود.
مراقبت های بعد از تزریق واکسن:
- تب یکی از واکنشهای سیستم دفاعی است از این رو بعد از بازگشت به خانه شروع کنید به دادن مایعات به کودکتان.
- تا جائیکه ممکن است لباسهای کودک را خنک و کم کنید تا دمای بدنش کم شود.
- اگر کودک تان از درد و تورم آن بخش شکایت دارد، از یک حوله یا پارچه خنک استفاده کنید و آن را روی ناحیه واکسن زده شده قرار دهید.
- میتوانید از کمپرس سرد (کیسه یخ) نیز استفاده کنید و داخل کیسه مقداری از سبزیجات مخصوص بیحسی ناحیه درد استفاده کنید.
- از داروی مخصوص کاهش تب استفاده کنید مثل استامینوفن و یا ایبوپروفن. مقدار لازم برای دادن استامینوفن بستگی به وزن کودکتان دارد.
- یک ساعت بعد از دادن دارو، دوباره دمای بدن او را چک کنید. اگر چیزی مشکوک به نظر میرسید و یا درد و قرمزی ناحیه تزریق تا 24 ساعت بعد هم قطع نشد، به پزشک مراجعه کنید.
تزریق واکسن سه گانه در کودکانی که دچار ضایعات مغزی پیش رونده می باشند ممنوع است و باید از واکسن دوگانه استفاده شود.
جدول واکسیناسیون نوزاد:
زمانبندی واکسیناسیون نوزاد به شرح جدول زیر می باشد:
|برنامه ایمن سازی کودکان با توجه به شرایط اپیدمیولوژیک کشور |
|بدو تولد ||ب.ث.ژ (سل) - قطره فلج اطفال - هپاتیت ب |
|دو ماهگی ||ثلاث (کزاز-دیفتری-سیاه سرفه) - قطره فلج اطفال - هپاتیت ب |
|چهار ماهگی ||ثلاث (کزاز-دیفتری-سیاه سرفه) - قطره فلج اطفال |
|شش ماهگی ||سه گانه (کزاز-دیفتری-سیاه سرفه) - قطره فلج اطفال - هپاتیت ب |
|12 ماهگی ||MMR (سرخک-سرخجه-سندروم سرخجه مادرزادی) |
|18 ماهگی ||ثلاث (کزاز-دیفتری-سیاه سرفه) - قطره فلج اطفال - ام ام آر (سرخک-سرخجه-سندروم سرخجه مادرزادی) |
|6 سالگی ||ثلاث (کزاز-دیفتری-سیاه سرفه) - قطره قلج اطفال |
جدول زمانبندی واکسیناسیون - عکس کارت واکسن نوزاد
همچنین با استفاده از ابزار یک زن جدول زمانبندی واکسن نوازد نمایش داده می شود فقط کافیه که تاریخ تولد فرزند خود را وارد کنید.
نکات مهم در واکسیناسیون نوزاد:
- برنامه ایمن سازی کودکان نارس و یا کم وزن نیز مطابق جدول ایمن سازی عادی است و تجویز به موقع واکسن ها اکیدا توصیه می شود.
- شل بودن مدفوع یا سرماخوردگی مانع از انجام ایمن سازی نخواهد بود.
- سوء تغذیه نه تنها مانعی برای ایمن سازی نیست، بلکه ایمن سازی به موقع کودکان مبتلا به سوء تغذیه اکیدا توصیه می شود.
- برای هیچ واکسنی جز سیاه سرفه محدودیت سنی وجود ندارد و درصورت عدم سابقه ایمن سازی باید مطابق برنامه عمل شود.
- در اختلالات ایمنی چه اولیه و چه اکتسابی مثل لوسمی (سرطان خون) و غیره واکسن های ویروسی زنده و واکسن BCG منع استعمال دارند.
- در مورد واکسن های چند نوبتی مثل فلج اطفال، سه گانه و هپاتیت ب در صورتیکه به هرعلت ایمن سازی طبق فواصل تعیین شده انجام نشده باشد، لزومی به از سرگرفتن واکسیناسیون نبوده و با احتساب واکسیناسیون قبلی، برنامه ایمن سازی طبق جدول مربوطه ادامه داده می شود.
- اگر در تزریق واکسن سه گانه به کودک، تب بالای 40 درجه (درجه مقعدی) و یا تشنج عارض شود، در نوبت های بعدی بایستی از واکسن دوگانه استفاده شود . همچنین اگر به علتی در سن زیر 7 سال واکسن دوگانه به جای سه گانه مصرف شود، لازم است جمعا سه نوبت تکرار شود و سه گانه اولی به جای سه نوبت تکرار شود و سه گانه اولی به جای یک نوبت محسوب خواهد شد.
- تزریق واکسن سه گانه در کودکانی که دچار ضایعات مغزی پیش رونده می باشند ممنوع است و باید از واکسن دوگانه استفاده شود.
- فاصله بین نوبت سوم واکسن سه گانه و یادآوری سه گانه نبایستی از 6 ماه کمتر باشد.
- پس از پایان 6 سالگی تلقیح واکسن سه گانه مجاز نیست و در صورت لزوم بایستی به جای آن از واکسن دوگانه ویژه بزرگسالان استفاده نموده.
- در صورتیکه واکسن های زنده ویروسی بطور همزمان مورد استفاده قرار نگیرد ، بایستی بین آنها حداقل یکماه فاصله باشد.
- حتی المقدور از تزریق گاماگلوبولین به اطفال خود داری شود مگر در مواردی که پزشک جایز بداند در این صورت فاصله تجویز واکسن های ویروسی زنده ضعیف شده (به جز تب زرد و پولیو خوراکی)، با گاماگلوبولین و فرآورده های خونی لااقل سه ماه خواهد بود.
- چناچه تا 2 هفته بعد از تلقیح واکسن های زنده ویروسی (به جز تب زرد و پولیو خوراکی) به هر علت گاماگلوبولین و فرآورده های خونی تزریق شود پس از سه ماه واکسن تکرار شود.
- بعلت ریشه کنی آبله در جهان، تلقیح این واکسن به هیچ وجه لازم نمی باشد .
- واکسن فلچ اطفال تزریقی در افرادی که دارای نقص سیستم ایمنی می باشند مطابق دستورالعمل کارخانه سازنده تلقیح گردد.
- تغذیه با هر نوع شیر ازجمله شیر مادر با خوراندن واکسن فلج اطفال مغایرتی ندارد و لزومی به ندادن شیر قبل یا بعد از ایمن سازی نخواهد بود ، همچنین استفراغ مختصر پس از خواراندن قطره فلج اطفال مسئله مهمی نبوده، نیازی به تجدید واکسن نمی باشد.
- پولیو صفر باید هرچه زودتر پس از تولد و در نوزادانی که در زایشگاه بدنیا آمده اند هنگام خروج از زایشگاه تجویز شود درصورتی که به هر دلیل تجویز واکسن در روزهای اول مقدورنباشد در اولین فرصت ممکن بایستی واکسن را تجویز نمود و محدودیت زمانی خاصی بین نوبت صفر و اول وجود ندارد..
- سابقه حساسیت به تخم مرغ، مانع ایمن سازی علیه سرخک نیست.
- تزریق همزمان واکسن سرخک و ب ث ژ هیچگونه اشکالی نداشته و بایستی در دو محل جداگانه انجام گردد.
- چناچه واکسن دوم سرخک در سن 15 ماهگی به هر علتی تلقیح نشده باشد در اولین فرصت ممکن تلقیح شود.
- بهترین سن برای تلقیح ب ث ژ بدو تولد می باشد.
- در صورتی که کودکی در بدو تولد نوبت اول واکسن هپاتیت خود را دریافت نکرده باشد . باید نوبت اول آن را همراه سه گانه اول، نوبت دوم را همراه سه گانه دوم و نوبت سوم را همراه سرخک دریافت نماید .
- در صورت تاخیر شیرخواران تا سه ماهگی می توان هم زمان با سه گانه دوم دوز اول ، هم زمان با سه گانه سوم دوز دوم، همزمان با سرخک دوز سوم، واکسن هپاتیت ب را تجویز نمود (به هر صورت فواصل تزریق واکسن های هپاتیت نباید کمتر از یکماه باشد)
- واکسیناسیون هپاتیت ب هیچگونه موارد منع تلقیح ندارد حتی اگر فرد HBsAg مثبت یا HBsAb مثبت باشد .
- در صورتیکه نوزاد از مادر HBsAg مثبت بدنیا آمده باشد بایستی تزریق همزمان ایمونوگلوبولین اختصاصی هپاتیت B با واکسن هپاتیت B در دو عضله جداگانه در اسرع وقت و ترجیحا در ظرف 12 ساعت پس از تولد انجام گیرد. در صورت عدم دسترسی به ایمونوگلوبولین اختصاصی، تزریق واکسن هپاتیت ب به تنهایی نیزدر ساعات اولیه پس از تولد حدود 75 در صد تا 95 در صد ایمنی ایجاد می کند .
- در صورتیکه یک از زوجین HBsAg مثبت باشد زوج دیگر و فرزندان ساکن در منزل آنها بایستی بر علیه بیماری هپاتیت ب واکسینه شوند .
- در افراد مبتلا به هموفیلی واکسن هپاتیت زیر جلدی تزریق گردد .
- در کودکان دارای نقص سیستم ایمنی، کودکان تحت درمان با داروهای پایین آورنده قدرت دفاعی بدن نظیر کورتیکواسترویید ها ویا تحت درمان با اشعه و مبتلایان به لوسمی، لنفوم و سرطانهای ژنرالیزه استفاده از واکسن پولیو زنده خوراکی قدغن می باشد و به جای آن از واکسن کشته تزریقی باید استفاده شود .
واکسن فلج اطفال تزریقی در افرادی که دارای نقص سیستم ایمنی می باشند مطابق دستورالعمل کارخانه سازنده تلقیح گردد.<|endoftext|>Individual metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently described member of the family/subfamily and shares many common features with respiratory syncytial disease (RSV), another member of the same subfamily. data suggest that a monoclonal antibody could be used to avoid decrease respiratory system disease due to hMPV prophylactically. Respiratory infections account for a big proportion of higher and lower respiratory system illness in human beings. Before few years, many etiological realtors of respiratory system illness have already been identified. Of the, respiratory syncytial trojan (RSV) may be the single most significant reason behind respiratory attacks during infancy and early youth (29). However, just 60% of medically attended respiratory attacks of newborns and kids are of the known etiology (21). Lately, truck den Hoogen et al. (26) uncovered and described individual metapneumovirus (hMPV) and uncovered that it could account for some of the previously unclassified attacks. Potential and retrospective research claim that hMPV attacks take into account between 3% and 15% of respiratory system attacks (5, 6, 8). hMPV continues to be found to become associated with respiratory system illness that runs from light respiratory complications to severe coughing, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, a design similar compared to that noticed for RSV (6, 19). Additionally, the seasonality from the an infection is comparable to that of RSV, peaking in the wintertime a few months (20, 30). Latest research on lung transplant recipients, bone tissue marrow recipients, and preterm newborns show that hMPV could be isolated from sufferers with respiratory attacks within this immunocompromised people, recommending that a number of the risk elements connected with RSV an infection may be likewise connected with hMPV an infection (8, 10, 14, 18, 25, 29). hMPV Rat monoclonal to CD4.The 4AM15 monoclonal reacts with the mouse CD4 molecule, a 55 kDa cell surface receptor. It is a member of the lg superfamily,primarily expressed on most thymocytes, a subset of T cells, and weakly on macrophages and dendritic cells. It acts as a coreceptor with the TCR during T cell activation and thymic differentiation by binding MHC classII and associating with the protein tyrosine kinase, lck. can be an RNA trojan in the subfamily from the family members (26). hMPV stocks an identical genetic framework with RSV but does not have the non-structural genes NS1 and NS2 (27). Both infections code for very similar surface protein that are thought as the top glycoprotein (G) as well as the fusion (F) proteins. Based on distinctions between your amino acidity sequences from the F and G proteins, both hMPV and RSV have already been subdivided right into a and B groups. Nevertheless, in hMPV, there’s a additional bifurcation of B and A subgroups into A1, A2, B1, and B2 groupings (4, 28). For both infections, the sequences from the G protein display a broad variance between subgroups; with hMPV, the G proteins has just 30% identity between your A and B subgroups. For both hMPV and RSV, the F proteins is even more conserved; over the known hMPV isolates, the F proteins amino acid series can be 94% conserved (3, 4, 28). Regardless of the commonalities in structure from the infections, the F protein of hMPV and RSV talk about Y-33075 just a 33% amino acidity sequence identification, and antisera produced against either RSV or hMPV usually do not neutralize over the group (32). Lately, it’s been shown a powerful neutralizing response could possibly be evoked in pets using Y-33075 Y-33075 virally vectored hMPV F proteins; significantly, this neutralizing response could drive back problem with heterologous disease (22, 24). The current presence of serum antibodies to hMPV in archival examples indicates how the human population continues to be subjected Y-33075 to this disease since at least 50 years back (26). Currently, it’s estimated that, by age 5, everyone in the globe continues to be subjected to this disease and offers generated a serum antibody response to it (26, 30). Latest research (15) that centered on the current presence of antibodies which were particularly aimed against the F proteins of hMPV demonstrated that Y-33075 there is an identical tendency toward 90% seropositivity by age group 5. These research also proven that there surely is significant anti-F proteins reactivity against both B and A subgroups of hMPV. Our previous use RSV established the potency of prophylaxis both in pets and in at-risk populations with either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies aimed.<|endoftext|>Introduction to the Korean Jindo
The Korean Jindo originates from an island located off the southwest coast of South Korea. The breed name is taken from the name of the island, Jindo.
The dogs lived unrestrained on the island alongside their owners for thousands of years to develop into a medium-sized, natural breed with renown hunting abilities.
The Jindo is noted as an independent hunter, a discerning home guardian, and a loyal companion.
In Korea, approved Jindos within the island are designated as Republic of Korea Preservation of Cultural Assets Act No. 53 (or simply called Korea Natural Treasure #53).
Internationally, they are Federation of Cynologique Internationale Standard No. 334.
In the United States, they are recognized by the United Kennel Club (1998) and entered into the American Kennel Club - Foundation Stock Service (2008).
At a Glance
Brief List of Traits
- Bonds deeply to its chosen master. Re-homing is possible, but time to bond varies on how the previous owner treated the dog, how the new owner treats the dog, and the individual personality of the dog.
- Aloof with strangers. Dislikes physical restraint by strangers.
- Strong hunting instincts reflective of its origins. Some can learn to be discerning between family pets/livestock vs. intruding prey.
- Highly developed sense of territory. Likes to explore and expand upon its territory despite the presence of barriers.
- Discriminating watchdog, not barking without just cause.
- Clean and fastidious. Housebroken easily. Healthy dogs have low doggie odor except when the dog is shedding twice a year.
- Courage balanced with high intelligence.
- Learns commands easily when a rapport exists between owner and dog, however reliability varies due to independent nature.
- Keenly observant to family hierarchy and order. Not prone to counter-surf or dig through trash when in an appropriate home.
- Dominant among dogs at home. Tendency towards same-sex aggression. On neutral territory, does not instigate fights unless personal space is invaded or directly challenged.<|endoftext|>Atego, fornitore indipendente leader di strumenti di sviluppo e modellazione a livello industriale per sistemi e software embedded mission e safety-critical, ha acquisito Blue River
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they are capable of giving rise to virtually any cell type. Research on these primordial cells will also
provide a unique opportunity to study human cell biology.
Adult stem cells, obtained from
mature tissues, differentiate into a narrower range of cell types. As a result, many cells of medical interest
cannot currently be obtained from adult-derived stem cells. It is also less feasible to develop
large-scale cultures from adult stem cells. However, it is important to note that, at this time, it is only
adult human stem cells that are well-enough understood that they can be
reliably differentiated into specific tissue types, and that have proceeded to
Because the study of human stem
cells is at an early stage of development, it is difficult to predict outcomes
and findings at this point in time. As
more research takes place, the full developmental potential of different kinds
of stem cells will become better understood.
In view of the moral concerns
surrounding the uses of embryonic and fetal tissue voiced by a segment of the
American population, strengthening federally and privately funded research into
alternative sources and/or methods for the derivation of stem cells, including
further initiatives on adult stem cells, should be encouraged. Human
stem cell research can be conducted in a fully ethical manner, but it is true
that the extraction of embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of blastocysts
raises ethical questions for those who consider the intentional loss of
embryonic life by intentional means to be morally wrong. Likewise, the derivation of embryonic germ
cells from the gonadal tissue of aborted fetuses is problematic for those who
oppose abortion. In contrast, adult
stem cell research is more broadly acceptable to the American population.
funding should be provided for embryonic stem cell and embryonic germ cell
research, but not at this time for activities involved in the isolation of
embryonic stem cells, about which there remains continuing debate. This approach will allow publicly-funded
researchers to move more quickly toward discoveries that will lead to
alleviating the suffering caused by human disease.
Although the derivation of human stem cells can be done in an ethical
manner, there is enough objection to the process of deriving stem cells to
consider recommending against its public funding. Further, for the foreseeable future there will be sufficient
material isolated by researchers not using public funding that this exclusion
will not have a negative impact on research.
There are many individuals who believe that any use of human embryos
other than for achieving a pregnancy is unethical, believing that the embryo is
a full human being from the earliest moments in the conception process. However, many religious traditions take a
developmental view of personhood, believing that the early embryo or fetus
only gradually becomes a full human being and thus may not be entitled to the
same moral protections as it will later; others hold that while the embryo
represents human life, that life may be taken for the sake of saving and
preserving other lives in the future.
The dialogue about these issues is ongoing in the United States, but
these concerns need not exclude publicly-funded research activities on cell
lines that have already been established.
ethical source of human primordial stem cells is embryos produced for the process of in vitro fertilization
whose progenitors have decided not to implant them and have given full and
informed consent for the use of these embryos for research purposes. Two appropriate potential sources of
donation are embryos with poor quality that makes them inappropriate for
transfer and embryos remaining when couples have definitely completed their
family and do not wish to donate the excess embryos to others.
consent requires that the woman or couple, with substantial understanding and
without controlling influences, authorize the use of their spare embryos for
research purposes. Because assisted
reproduction can be a stressful process, informed consent should be secured in
two stages. The two-stage process would
also maintain a separation between personnel working with the woman or couple
who hope to get pregnant and personnel requesting embryos for stem cell
beginning of the process, personnel working with the woman or couple who hope
to become pregnant should ascertain their preferences as to the future of
embryos remaining after the assisted reproduction process. These options should include consent for
embryo donation to another couple, consent for donation for research, and
consent for destruction of the spare embryos.
Once a couple has definitely decided that it has completed its family,
then the couple should be approached a second time to secure an explicit
consent to use the embryos in ES cell research.
embryos for the purpose of harvesting stem
cells must proceed in a careful fashion for several reasons. These are to protect the interests of the
gamete donors, to reassure the public that important boundaries are not being
overstepped, to enable those who are ethically uncomfortable with elements of
this research to participate to the greatest extent possible, and to ensure the
highest quality of research and outcomes possible.
good research practice, policies on the procurement of embryos should include
at least the following points: (1) Women should not undergo extra cycles of
ovulation and retrieval in order to produce more spare embryos in the hope
that some of them might eventually be donated for research;
with our current practice for organ donation, there should be a solid wall
between personnel working with the woman or couple who hope to get pregnant,
and personnel requesting embryos for stem cell purposes; (3) Women and men, as
individuals or as couples, should not be paid to produce embryos, nor should
they receive reduced fees for their infertility procedures for doing so; and
(4) Consent of both gamete donors should be obtained.
stem cell research raises no unique ethical or policy issues. As research advances issues may emerge that
challenge acceptable ethical practices and public policy. Hence, there should be opportunities for
public reconsideration of the need for guidelines specifically targeted to
human stem cell research. Such efforts
should be informed by the most current scientific evidence and should occur
through a process that encourages broad involvement by all sectors of society.
Almost two decades of
experience with the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committees (RAC) oversight of
recombinant DNA research suggest that the RAC could be an effective
institutional focal point within the federal government to facilitate the type
of public dialogue on stem cell research proposed here, and to coordinate
efforts to develop new guidelines, where needed. The RAC has a proven track record of providing an open forum for
sorting out complex ethical issues and of defusing conflict. Furthermore, it has acquired a degree of
legitimacy among scientists in both the public and private sectors, with its
widely accepted Points to Consider
in the design and conduct of gene therapy.
order to allow persons who hold diverse moral positions on the status of the
early embryo to participate in stem cell research to the greatest degree
possible without compromising their principles, and also to foster sound
science, stem cells (and stem cell lines) should be identified with respect to
their original source.
Patients and researchers should
be able to avoid participating in stem cell use if the cells were derived in a
way that they would consider to be unethical.
As a matter of good scientific practice, records are routinely
maintained on the sources of biological materials. It is of utmost importance that documentation of the original
source of the stem cells can be made readily available to researchers and to
potential recipients of stem cell therapies.
therapeutic potential for treating and possibly curing many serious diseases
constitutes a major rationale for large-scale investments of public and private
resources in human stem cell research.
To justify funding stem cell research on the basis of its potential
benefits, particularly the use of public resources, however, requires some
assurance that people in need will have access to the therapies as they become
Several factors make it
unlikely that there will be equitable access to the benefits of this
research. Unlike other western
democracies, the United States does not have a commitment to universal health
care. More than 44 million people lack health
insurance and therefore do not have reliable access even to basic health care. Others are underinsured. Moreover, if stem cell research were to
result in highly technological and expensive therapies, health insurers might
be reluctant to fund such treatments.
Overcoming these hurdles and
assuring equitable access to the benefits of stem cell research in this country
will be a politically and financially challenging task. It is therefore appropriate to begin
considering how to do so now in advance of the development of applications. The federal government should consider ways
to achieve equitable access to the benefits derived from stem cell research.
Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) has already stated that purified and isolated
stem cell products and research tools meet the criteria for patentable subject
matter. When research is funded by the
private sector, as is currently the case with stem cell research, and is patented,
it is a private matter whether and under what terms new intellectual property
is obtainable for research purposes or development. This is of particular concern because the private sector will not
invest resources in potential applications that they consider to lack
commercial value, but that may have considerable therapeutic promise.
Given the promise of stem cell
research, it is important to encourage the development of broadly beneficial
therapeutic products with widespread access.
This objective could be achieved in a variety of ways. Government investment in promising areas of
research would enable federal agencies and laboratories to hold patents and to exercise them in ways that enhance
development and contribute to the dissemination of this stem cell
technology. Congress or the PTO should define a strong research exemption that
would give third parties access to stem cell products and research tools for
research purposes without having to obtain permission from the patent
holder. Another possibility is to
require compulsory licensing under limited and clearly defined circumstances.
research has played a crucial part in the advancement of research on stem
cells. The leadership exhibited by the
company that has sponsored all of the published human embryonic and germ cell
research to date in establishing an external Ethics Advisory Board to develop
guidelines for the ethical conduct of such research is laudable. While these private sector boards are not a
substitute for public oversight and guidance, they can be a positive influence
on the way that industry-funded stem cell research proceeds.
credibility and impact of such ethics advisory boards will be enhanced if they
review ethical issues at the start-up phase of the research, have
multidisciplinary membership, including representatives from the local
community, give minimum, if any, financial compensation for service, and share
their own findings and recommendations with other companies. The latter provision could be especially
helpful in developing a case law in the private sphere that would inform
public efforts to develop national guidelines.
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| Contributed by: AAAS DoSER and the Institute for<|endoftext|>《魔宫魅影》是由博纳影视娱乐有限公司、杭州和润影视有限公司出品的惊悚片，叶伟民执导，文隽监制，林心如、任达华、杨祐宁等联袂主演。
影片讲述了民国年间一座废弃电影院里一系列恐怖异常的人体自燃事件。
影片于2016年4月28日上映。<|endoftext|>At the area of the village of Vounaina in Larissa and near the borders of the prefecture of Karditsa, at a beautiful location with elm trees, is one of the most important pilgrimages of Thessaly, dedicated to Agios Nikolaos the Young, who attracts flocks of believers from all over Greece.
The church is built at the location where the osios Nikolaos the Young became a martyr, who lived in the end of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century and he was an official at the Byzantine army in the area of Larissa. During the period of the Arab raids in Thessaly, he came into conflict with the Arab armies and, after they prevailed, he sought refuge to this area living next to the ascetics. He died as a martyr together with several of his soldiers and he was declared a saint sometime later. At the place where he died, at the roots of an oak tree, they buried him and initially there was a small church, built of local stone. At a later period, probably in the middle of the 18th century, they constructed next to it a larger church, which was destroyed by fire in 1880. During its construction, they added the four columns on its exterior and the roofed area alongside the side wall. This church was also destroyed by fire in 1962 and was reconstructed in the following year with donations and fund raisers, incorporating the area of the initial church.
The present day church is a modern building, and at its interior is the cenotaph of the saint and part from his sacred relic. The cenotaph is on the right of the entrance, a bit lower than the level of the church’s floor. At a nearby location, at the point where the oak tree stood under which the saint died, a small pilgrimage has been built. At the complex there have constructed modern, spacious hostels and auxiliary areas.
The traditional chapel of Agia Paraskevi is built in the rock, in the Tempi Valley.
The chapel is one of the most important pilgrimages in the area, with thousands of visitors each year. Particularly intense is the presence of pilgrims, on the 26th of July, during the feast of Agia Paraskevi, the protector of the eyes and the gypsies. In the same area there are two springs, “Daphne” and “Aphrodite”. There is the well-known church of Agia Paraskevi, built around 1910 by O.S.E. and the financed by the National Railway staff.
Next to the church exists a small cave, where is the original pilgrimage, and at the end of the cave from a hole in the rock springs the holy water of Agia Paraskevi. The cave is so small, that a single person can barely fit.
The iron pedestrian bridge you must traverse to visit the church was built in 1960, until then the believers were transported to the opposite side of the Pinios by boat or by a small wooden bridge.
OLD MONASTERY’S HISTORY
The Holy Monastery was founded by its founder as Patriarchal and Stavropegic and was dedicated to the Holy Trinity, following Divine revelation. Later on, the name of its founder predominated. St. Dionysios created a monument of rare architectural and aesthetic beauty, ideally integrated into the natural environment; built as a fortress, from stone and wood, on a natural fortified plateau
ARCHITECTURE OF THE OLD MONASTERY
The main church (Katholiko) is a cruciform Byzantine church of the Athonite type. It is surrounded by four chapels, creating an aesthetically functional ensemble. St. Dionysios΄ grave is located in the northwestern one, while the southwestern one is dedicated to St. Nikanor, a contemporary friend and co-ascetic of St. Dionysios.
The wings of the Holy Monastery΄s buildings and the watch tower complement its handsome architecture.
At the entrance of the Monastery, on the lintel, there is an extant fresco depicting St. Dionysios. On the ground floor of the northern wing, was housed the dining room and the kitchen, while on the floor, one can find cells and two chapels. On this floor was also housed the library and the abbot΄s quarters. To the northwest, there is still today a drinking fountain.
On the destroyed three-storey western wing, there were monks cells and on the southwestern corner, the bell-tower, with a clock on its upper part. The southern wing has two storeys and a basement. On this wing are preserved cells on the storeys. The cells are vaulted spaces of small dimensions, with low entrance.
Thanks to St. Dionysios΄ blessings, despite the numerous destructions, the Monastery has been enjoying continuous life and monks΄ presence for about 500 years. Due to St. Dionysios΄ personality, it soon became widely known and developed great spiritual activity, in line with its founder΄s pattern.
Centuries ago, the reputation of the old Monastery surpassed the boundaries of the Greek territory reaching Tsarist Russia.
Even today, thousands of people, coming from both neighboring and distant areas, come to worship and pray to the Saint.
The Monastery of St. Dionysios became integral part of Greece΄s long history, society and education. There was an organized icon painting workshop and manuscript transcription center, thanks to which many old texts have been preserved. The Monastery΄s school was attended by many pupils, including the areas΄ great chieftains, perhaps even Rigas Fereos.
The Monastery however was destined to be afflicted, suffer the price for its contribution to the education of the faithful, to the protection of traditions. In 1821, it was set afire by Veli Pasha, son of Ali Pasha. After a three-day battle, Hegumen Methodios Paliouras was hung along with another 12 monks at the central square of Larissa.
During the Olympus Revolt in 1878, the Monastery took again active part; by providing shelter to the women and children of Litochoro, it disrupted for the first time the entrance prohibition for women. The Metochion of Skala was used as replenishment and disembarkation station for the Greek fighters. During the Macedonian Struggle, it constituted again shelter for the fighters and replenishment station.
Despite all the successive natural or volitional destructions and the ceaseless pillages, the Monastery kept on protecting the inhabitants of Mt. Olympus under its sacred shadow.
RECONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
On April 29 (1943), a Thursday of the Easter week, a walking section of Germans climbed up to the Monastery and destroyed it, using explosives.
Today, after decades of desertion, the monks΄ and believers΄love for the Saint embrace the Monastery anew. The main church, the Katholikon, has been restored according to its initial plan.
The main concern of everybody, though, remains the full reconstruction of the wounded monastery; to become the same as it was in the past.
NEW MONASTERY’S HISTORY
Today, the visitor will find the new Monastery, at a height lower than the initial building, at the location of the old Metochion of Skala, built in 1650, at 3 km from Litohoro and 15 km from the old Monastery.Its main church is dedicated to the Assumption of the Mother of God. Its temple is adorned by the icons, painted in 1955 by the brilliant hagiographer Fotis Kontoglou.From 1989 on was restituted the Monastery΄s entrance prohibition for women, in line with the tradition bequeathed by St. Dionysios. Only men are allowed in the prohibited area. Here are located the monks΄ cells, the workshops, the dining room and the main church, where are celebrated the daily services.In the remaining area, where all believers are allowed, a new spectacular church, dedicated to St. Dionysios, was built, where the Divine Liturgy is celebrated every Sunday.
MUSEUM – LIBRARY
Amongst the new buildings of the Metochion of Skala stands out the Monastery΄s Museum, in the recently renovated old Abbot΄s quarters, which was inaugurated in 1999 by the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew.
Its first floor operates today as Library and Study, with many remarkable publications. On the ground floor valuable heirlooms are exhibited. Hidden for three years, in a vault of the old
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il Bayern Monaco, ha subito protestato contro la UEFA, in quanto il sorteggio è stato ritenuto irregolare dalla squadra di Simeone. Infatti, nel momento in cui è stata estratta la pallina dei Colchoneros, tra le possibili avversarie mancava la pallina del Manchester United.
La UEFA è stata costretta a ripetere il sorteggio e ha poi pubblicato un tweet in cui ha dichiarato: “A seguito di un problema tecnico con il software di un fornitore di servizi esterno che indica quali squadre possono giocare tra loro, si è verificato un errore materiale nel sorteggio degli ottavi di UEFA Champions League. Di conseguenza, il sorteggio è stato dichiarato nullo e sarà interamente rifatto alle 15.00”.<|endoftext|>Energy and Power
If an embedded system is to make anything happen in the world, it will have to deploy energy to effect this. Moreover an essential part of the specificiation of an embedded system is that it should cause events to happen at the right time. So the energy required to effect the change will have to be deployed sufficiently fast, that is the embedded system will have to have the appropriate amount of power available. Now operating at low power is a key ingredient of modern processors, so typically there will not be enough power available at the output terminals of a processor to cause the required effects of the system on the world. Thus an embedded system will typically need to make use of power-amplifiers. Likewise, the inputs of most processors are designed to accept digital signals. Many of the devices that an embedded system can use to sense the state of the world do not directly produce digital signals compatible with a processor. So an embedded system may need to embody signal-processing devices to convert the raw output from sensors to a suitable form for input to a processor.
Since a processor is electronic in its nature, we will need to have a firm understanding of electricity. But first we must begin by refreshing our knowledge of some basic concepts of physics.
The scientific unit of time is the second. For many years scientists measured time in terms of the earth's rotation relative to the "fixed" stars. However the earth's rotation is actually slowing down, and astronomers' clocks have now become good enough to notice. Consequently the time-standard is now atomically based.
In our electronic systems things happen rather fast, so it's desirable to subdivide the second.
Time can be measured with great precision, a fact that can be very useful in electronics. The best clocks in use by astronomers today have a precision better than one part in 1012. To put it another way, such a clock would lose or gain a few seconds in a million years. While we will not need such precision, it's worth remembering that the most precise electronic component we can buy for a modest couple of dollars is a crystal oscillator that provides an excellent time-reference.
A mnemonic for getting a feel of the newton as a unit is that one newton is the weight of an apple - think of it as the force exerted on the palm of your hand by an apply lying on it.
The standard physical unit of energy is the joule. It is the energy released when a force of one newton acts through a distance of one metre. Being a mechanical unit, it is quite convenient when we come to think about how electricity can cause mechanical effects, such as turning an electric motor.
However it is also basic to understanding the electrical unit the volt, as we shall see.
A homely way of thinking about a joule is that it is roughly the energy released when an apple falls one metre.
Heat energy is usually measured in terms of the calorie, or the big calorie (Cal) which is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree centigrade.
Power is the rate of transfer of energy. The standard physical unit of power is the watt which is a rate of energy transfer of one joule per second.
Energy is conserved. That is to say the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant (unless we're doing high-energy physics experiments). This means that energy is a very useful unifying concept for thinking about systems, such as embedded systems, which have both electrical and mechanical components.
Just as money is the universal currency in economic systems, energy is the universal currency of physical systems - electrical, mechanical, hydraulic etc.. Unless you grace the tables of very fancy establishments, you will always have a good idea how much your lunch ought to cost, and be outraged if you are presented with a bill for 50$ when you expected something around 5$. Likewise you should get in the habit of estimating the energy cost of performing a given action (for example switching the track-switches for the train).
Analysing engineered systems in terms of the flow of energy provides a unifying principle. Generally any electronic system can be improved by careful attention to energy-flow. A system that wastes energy is likely to be larger and more expensive than one which conserves it. Nowhere is this more apparent than in computation, where the amount of energy required to represent a bit of information in any form has plummeted over the last 40 years.
Thus the early vacuum-tube computers consumed several watts of energy to represent the state of one bit of information in a CPU. Modern processor-chips operate at levels of a microwatt per bit. In achieving such high performance, power density, that is the power consumed per unit of volume, is a crucial factor - a modern chip would be instantly vaporised if individual bits-of-memory operated at 1 watt each!
If energy is conserved, why is energy supply an issue? The answer to this question is that energy, while it is conserved, is inexorably converted from a more useful form to the less useful form of heat. Generally, if a circuit is producing a lot of heat this is an indication that it might be improved by redesign, or that it has been wrongly designed or built. Beware! components that have been wrongly inserted in a circuit often get hot enough to burn you, so feel your components with circumspection.
It is sometimes helpful to think of the flow of electricity as being like the flow of a fluid, say water. While it is important not to take this analogy too far, it can often help us visualise the rather intangible phenomena associated with electricity in more tangible terms.
Electrons are the "atoms" of electricity. In fundamental physics the electron carries -1 units of electric charge, just as the hydrogen atom is one unit of mass for chemists
However, one electron is a rather small amount of charge to be working with. The macroscopic unit of charge is the coulomb. 1 coulomb is minus the charge carried by 0.624142x1019 electrons. [Why a negative charge on the electron?]
Thus the coulomb is the basic measure of quantity of electricity, as the litre or gallon is a measure of quantity of water.
Electric charge is conserved - the total charge in a closed region of space remains constant. Indeed, in any work we shall be doing, the total number of electrons in a closed region of space remains constant [exceptions?].
Of course, positively charged particles exist. The protons that are a major constituent of the atomic nucleus are positively charged. However, the solid state is characterised by the immobility of atomic nuclei. Most of the devices we shall encounter use matter in the solid state.
In anything we do in this class, positive and negative charges will always be very nearly in balance. This arises from the fact that like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. This can be understood (in terms of classical physics) as the existence of a force between any two electrons which acts along the line joining them and which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
So, getting together a large number of like charges costs a lot of energy. This also accounts for the fact that the analogy between the flow of electricity and the flow of water breaks down. Water molecules attract each other moderately (moderately that is compared with the attraction between the atoms that make up the water molecule). So it doesn't take a lot of energy to collect a lot of water molecules together - in normal conditions water vapour will condense to form liquid water. On the other hand it would take an enormous amount of energy to bring a coulomb of electrons together into (say) a litre space that was devoid of positive charge.
Current is the rate of flow of electric charge. One ampere(A), or amp, is a flow of charge of one coulomb per second.
One milliamp is a thousanth of an amp 1mA = 10-3A. One microamp is a millionth of an amp 1µ A = 10-6A. We also speak of nanoamps 10-9A. and pico 10-12A. amps.
Ordinary matter consists of electrons (negatively charged) and atomic nuclei (positively charged). We can safely regard nuclei in a solid as remaining fixed in position and unchanged in nature. Almost all of the mass of matter is attributable to its nuclei. By contrast, some electrons in some solid forms of matter can move over long distances; in doing so, they constitute an electric current. Whether or not some electrons in a given solid material can move over long distances is a fundamental property of the material.
A metal is a material in which every atom has some electrons that are so loosely bound to the nucleus that they are free to move. Such electrons are called conduction electrons.
An insulator is a material in which all electrons are tightly bound to one specific atomic nucleus, so electric current cannot flow.
In a semiconductor electrons can be made to flow in particular circumstances, which property allows engineers to construct all manner of clever devices. Modern electronics depends greatly on the properties of semiconductors.
Since electrons repel each other, if a piece of material has excess electrons, energy is required to add even more electrons. Likewise, if a piece of material has a deficit of electrons, energy is required to take electrons away from it. We say that two pieces of metal A and B have a potential difference of one volt (1V) between them if it would require one joule to move a charge of one coulomb from A to B, or more precisely the energy cost of moving a small amount of charge from A to B would scale up to requiring one joule to move a charge of one coulomb.
Returning to our water analogy, we can think of a piece of metal as being like a trough of water. If we have two troughs A and B, with B being at a higher level, it costs energy to move a quantity of water from A to B.
It follows that when a current of I amps flows through a potential difference of V volts, the power required is given by:
This power may appear in the form of heat, light, or mechanical power. Or it may be stored to be released in electrical form later.
In a piece of metal free of outside influences the conduction electrons adjust themselves so that the potential difference across any two points is zero.
We can think of this in our hydraulic analogy by observing that if we have a trough of water free of outside influence, the water in the trough will be level - that is the energy cost of moving an infinitesimal quantity of water from one place in the trough to another is zero.
In the case of an insulator or semiconductor, we still have the concept of electric potential. But for a given piece of insulating material, the potential can vary widely across the surface, so we must always think of the potential at a point in the surface. For example, standard photocopying technology involves creating a pattern of charge on a drum coated with semiconductor material which exactly matches the pattern of black-and-white on the page being copied.
We have millivolts(mV), microvolts (µ V) in common use, and kilovolts (kV) too (but not exposed in our lab!).
Current goes through a wire or component Voltage exists between two points in a circuit, We also say voltage across two points. Voltage at a point means voltage between that point and "ground" "Ground" can be chosen arbitrarily; it is not necessarily related to the actual earth.
In electronics, information is carried in a signal, which is a time-varying value of some physical variable, usually voltage, sometimes luminous flux (in optoelectronics). It always requires energy to establish a signal at a point or transmit it to a remote point, because energy is always required to cause a change in any physical variable.
Power is the rate of transfer of energy. Generally, if we are processing information we want signals to have the lowest power consistent with their reliable transmission and processing. However, if we want a signal to make things happen in the big outside world, we will usually need to raise its power level by some kind of amplifier.
Among the factors putting a lower limit on usable power is noise, which can be thought of as an unwanted signal arising from sources internal to the circuit (e.g. thermal noise arises from that vibration of atoms which is thermal energy) or external (e.g. signals picked up from radio transmitters or the mains wiring).
Electronic circuits are classified as:
Kirchoff's Current Law states that in any electrical circuit, the sum of the currents flowing into a node is zero. This is really a statement of the conservation of electrical charge - the number of electrons flowing into a junction must be the same as the number flowing out, so, if we are careful about using the right sign when referring to our currents, the law can be related to basic physics.
Kirchoff's Voltage law states that the sum of the voltages taken round any cycle in a circuit-graph is zero. Or, equivalently, suppose A and B are two conductors in a circuit. Then the potential difference between A and B is the sum of the potential differences across device terminals along any path linking A to B.
It should be noted that Kirchoff's Laws, while they form the basis for analysis of circuits, are not perfectly exact, since they assume that the devices of which a circuit is made up are connected by perfect conductors which offer no resistance to the passage of electricity and have no capacity to store electrons. For most purposes this is an adequate assumption, though for very high speed circuits we need a more complete model.
One approach to dealing with this is to treat conductors themselves as being components in a more complicated circuit.
In particular, the voltage law will fail to be true if the circuit as a whole is exposed to intense and rapidly changing magnetic fields.
We build an electronic circuit out of conductors and devices. The simplest devices have two terminals. Two-terminal devices are characterised by the relationship between voltage V across the device and current I flowing through it. Resistors have the current proportional to the voltage Capacitors have the current proportional to rate of change of voltage. Diodes allow current to flow in only one direction. Inductors have the voltage proportional to rate of change of current. Photoresistors are light-dependent resistors.
A resistor is a device in which the voltage across the device is proportional to the current through it. This is usually written:
V = IR
Here, R is the resistance in ohms. The equation is known as Ohm's Law. It is also at times to think of a a resistor as a device in which the current through the device is proportional to the voltage across it. This can be written:
I = VC = V(1/R)
From the equations:
we get two more convenient forms by eliminating V and I respectively:
Resistors are the cheapest electronic component. Of all components, they are readily available in the widest range of values, from 1 ohm up to ten megohms, (10million ohms), in a range of preferred values which are chosen to divide each decade into values in each successive value is near to being a fixed multiple of the previous one.
The most commonly used resistor is a carbon film resistor capable of dissipating a maximum of 0.25W, with a value accurate to 5%. (Horowitz and Hill have a discussion on the extent to which you can believe in this accuracy). We have available in the lab a range of resistors with standard values from 10 ohms to 1 megohm, together with a supply of 10 megohm resistors. The nominal value of a carbon film resistor (in ohms) is indicated by coloured bands on the body of the resistor. Digits are colour-coded as follows:
Black 0 Brown 1 Red 2 Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Grey 8 White 9You can make a model in your head to remember this if you see that the middle digits (2-7) are the colours of the rainbow and then try to hang the whole thing on the idea of a body heating up (when it's cold it's black, when it's very hot it's white). The explanation isn't systematic, but it serves quite well as a mnemonic. The colour code is sometimes used for other devices. It's also worth remembering if you are making decisions about wiring where there is an obvious number associated with some conductors. For example, the 4-bit parallel interface used in the model-train system periphals makes use of 6-wire cable intended to interface modular-telephone style plugs and sockets. The conductor colours are thus pre-determined, but the convention I have adopted is
Black ground Red Digit 0 Yellow Digit 1 Green Digit 2 Blue Digit 3 White + 5 V powerIt's easy to remember this convention if you think of the colour-coding convention. The value of the resistor is encoded as D1 D2 E where D1 and D2 are the first two digits of the value of the resistor, and E is the number of zeros which follow. For example a resistor of 4700 ohms is encoded as yellow, violet, red. In addition resistors have a band which indicates its precision. These days this is almost certainly a gold band indicating 5% precision.
From suppliers, a range of 0.125W resistors is also available - it is primarily of interest for those who are building circuits with a high density of components - to exploit such resistors we would need to be designing professionally made printed circuit boards.
It is also possible to purchase a full range of 0.5W resistors. Generally, if you find that a circuit design calls for such a resistor, it's worth taking a look to see if it can be redesigned to use a lower value, or possibly to use another kind of component entirely. You can also obtain a very limited range of 1W and 10W resistors. Generally, if your circuit requires a low power resistor you can reckon to find just the right value of resistor to meet your requirements, whereas if you need a high power resistor you may have to adjust your circuit to fit the available values.
The stability of a resistor is also an important consideration. Resistance varies with temperature (increasing with temperature in the case of metal and carbon resistors). Soldering a resistor in a circuit can cause a permanent change in its value.
High precision resistors are available at a price from specialist suppliers. However if you need a resistance whose value can be specified to better than 5%, the combination of a fixed resistor with a "trimmer" potentiometer (q.v.) is often the best option. The time that you will really need to use a precision resistor is when you need a resistor whose value changes very little with temperature or ageing. For example, if you are wanting a precision voltmeter, you will typically be able to buy a 200mv meter quite cheaply, which can be adjusted to register in the range you require by using precision resistors.
Let's now consider what happens when we form simple combinations of resistors.
Firstly, suppose R
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1,590) Forsyth, MO (1,161), Harrison, AR (9,922), Berryville, AR (3,212,) Green Forest, AR (2,050), Eureka Springs, AR (1,900), and West Fork, AR (1,607) (U.S. Census Bureau 1998).
SOIL CONSERVATION AND WATERSHED PROJECTS
There are currently no PL 566 or SALT projects in the Missouri portion of the White River watershed.
Public areas in the Missouri portion of the watershed are numerous and managed by several state and federal agencies (Table Lu10, Figure Lu04). The Drury-Mincy Conservation Area (CA) is the largest (5,699 acres) area owned and managed by the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) in the watershed. MDC owns and manages 18,783 acres with additional management responsibility on 18,625 acres of land owned by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE) (Houf, L., MDC, pers. comm.). Plans have also been developed for two additional MDC access sites on Lake Taneycomo. The Cooper Creek Access will add a 29.4-acre access to Lake Taneycomo in Taney County. A lease agreement was signed in 1996 between MDC and Empire District Electric Company (EDEC) to develop land adjacent to Boston Ferry Conservation Area into an additional access. Ownership issues concerning the 1.77-acre addition have put this project on hold. A third access site on Lake Taneycomo, Empire Park Access, was recently upgraded as part of a Corporate and Agency Partnership Program (CAPP) agreement between MDC and EDEC.
The United States Forest Service (USFS) has responsibility for the management of the Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri, with a watershed-wide total of 186,253 acres of public land. Forest Service land is managed in two units, the Cassville Ranger Unit (45,028 acres), with responsibility for the western portion of the watershed and the Ava Ranger Unit (141,225 acres), with responsibility for the eastern portion of the watershed. The Hercules Glade Wilderness (12,315) is located within the Ava Ranger Unit.
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has management responsibility for the lands in Roaring River State Park (3,403 acres) and Table Rock State Park (356 acres).
The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AG&FC) manages 25,173 acres in that state's portion of the watershed. The USFS manages 5,000-7,000 acres in the upper White River as part of the Ozark National Forest. There are three state parks in the Arkansas portion of the watershed managed by the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism (Table Lu11, Figure Lu05).
The USCOE owns 98,684 acres of land surrounding the three large lakes in the watershed; Beaver Lake (12,256), Table Rock Lake (24,102), Bull Shoals Lake (62,326). The majority of the land remains under the control of the USCOE and is open to the public. Some USCOE land has been leased to other state, federal, and local agencies. A small amount of USCOE land is leased to individuals for their personal use (Milholland, M., USCOE, pers. comm.).
CORPS OF ENGINEERS JURISDICTION
The White River watershed is under the jurisdiction of the Little Rock District of the USCOE. Permits issued under Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act are required to conduct many instream activities. Applications for Section 404 permits should be directed to the Little Rock office. In addition, current listings of Section 404 permits are available from the Little Rock USCOE District Office:Little Rock District Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 867
Little Rock, AR 72203-0867 Phone: (501)324-5295<|endoftext|>Most of the naval action of WWII took place in the vast spaces of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but there were also confrontations in smaller seas. One such encounter took place in February 1942 in the English Channel.
Shelter in Brest
In early 1941, the German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were active in the Atlantic. There they attacked the convoys that were so vital to keeping Britain supplied during the war. The German’s activities were cut short when their supply ships were hit by Swordfish torpedo bombers flying from the British aircraft carrier Ark Royal.
In April, the two German vessels took shelter in the occupied French port of Brest. The following month, the German heavy cruiser Prince Eugen also took refuge there when it became separated from the Bismarck.
In the following months, there were repeated attacks by Allied bombers against the ships. Sitting in a port with access to the Atlantic, they were too much of a threat to convoys to be left alone. Despite determined efforts, they remained afloat.
A Dash Toward Safety
The three ships were effectively under siege which rendered them next to useless. It was a situation the Germans were about to remedy.
One of the reasons for moving the ships from Brest was the desire to free them from the unrelenting bombardment. They had undergone repairs and were ready for action which was undoubtedly a factor. So too was Hitler’s perception of the war. He suspected the Allies were about to invade Norway, to reverse their defeat there earlier in the war. He wanted his battlecruisers on hand to stop that invasion.
By the beginning of February 1942, the ships were ready to leave. Thirteen motor torpedo boats and five destroyers were assembled to accompany them. Air cover was arranged to fend off Allied bombers during the journey.
They were about to make a dash for Kiel in Germany further north; up the English Channel.
Intelligence Behind the Scenes
Meanwhile, in Britain, evidence was piling up of the Germans’ plans.
From the start of the war, the Royal Navy had had the most effective intelligence gathering and analysis of any British forces, perhaps of any nation in the war. This apparatus collated a range of information on the ships at Brest. Intercepted signals, photo reconnaissance, and information from agents in occupied Europe all pointed to the fact that the ships were ready to leave. Bombing raids had failed to put them permanently out of action.
On February 3, more details were obtained from Britain’s highest level source, Ultra. The interception and decryption of Germany’s top-level Enigma code informed the Admiralty about the boats being assembled as an escort.
By February 8, Coastal Command predicted the ships might leave anytime after the 10th, but they could not be more specific.
Despite the intelligence gathered, the British were convinced the ships would set sail during the day, to reach the narrows of the Channel under cover of night. Therefore, when the German flotilla set out under cover of darkness on February 11, the British were caught unprepared. By the time they realized what was happening, it was 1 am on February 12, and the ships were about to pass Boulogne.
Fighting in the Air
The British scrambled Swordfish biplanes to attack the German ships. They had scored successes during the hunt for the Bismarck and in attacks on supply ships. They were outdated aircraft, and their fighter escort arrived too late. No match for the German Messerschmitts, they still courageously pushed their attack to the end. None of their torpedoes hit.
Another wave of bombers was launched, complete with fighter cover. 242 bombers set out to attack the flotilla, but due to bad weather, not all of them found their targets. Those that did once again faced the Messerschmitts as well as anti-aircraft fire. As at Brest, they were unable to do serious damage to the battlecruisers.
One RAF pilot, a French exile, and former sailor escaped death by pure luck when he joined a German formation in the confusion above the Channel.
Missing at Sea
The fighting at sea went no better for the British. They did not have in the region a fleet capable of engaging with the Germans. Motor torpedo boats were held off by German escorts, and bad weather kept the Dover shore batteries from hitting their targets.
A group of WWI era destroyers, usually used as escort vessels, rushed to intercept. However, they arrived too late to engage with the Germans effectively or to block their path.
Having worked out the German’s route, British naval intelligence directed Bomber Command to lay mines ahead of the German vessels. The bombers crossed the area laying mines only hours before the German ships arrived.
As they steamed along the coast toward safety, both the Scharnhorst and the Gneisenau hit some of the mines, but they caused minor damage. The battlecruisers limped home with the rest of their squadron, arriving at Kiel on February 13.
Despite the intelligence they had gathered, the British had missed an opportunity. Still, the damage done by the mines meant the ships were in dry dock once more. There, on February 26, Allied bombers finally destroyed the Gneisenau and put the Scharnhorst out of action for a year.
Ralph Bennett (1999), Behind the Battle: Intelligence in the War with Germany 1939-1945.
Richard Russell Lawrence, ed. (2003), The Mammoth Book of How It Happened: Naval Battles.<|endoftext|>Bugün hayatta en değer verdiğimiz insanların özel günü... Tüm annelerin ve anne adaylarının Anneler Günü kutlu olsun. Bugünü en güzel ve en özel şekilde kutlayın ve annelerinize sıkıca sarılın! İşte Anneler Günü mesajları ve en Güzel Anneler Günü şiirleri…
ANNELER GÜNÜ TARİHÇESİ
Anneler günü geleneği, Antik Yunanların Yunan mitolojisindeki pek çok tanrı ve tanrıçanın annesi olan Rhea onuruna verdikleri yıllık ilkbahar festivali kutlamalarıyla başlar. Antik Romalılar da İlkbahar festivallerini İsa'nın doğumundan 250 yıl öncesinden ana tanrıça Kibele onuruna kutluyorlardı.
AMERİKA'DA YÜRÜYÜŞLE BAŞLADI
Anneler Günü ile ilgili ilk resmi kutlama önerisi, Amerika'da 1872 yılında Julia Ward Howe tarafından barışa adanan bir gün olarak tasarlanarak Boston'da yürüyüşle başladı.
Philadelphialı Anna Jarvis, annesinin ölüm yıl dönümü olan mayıs ayının ikinci pazarının Anneler Günü olarak kutlanması için 1907'de kampanya başlattı. Bir sene sonra bu gün Philadelphia'da kutlanmaya başlandı.
TÜRKİYE'DE 1955'TE
Anneler Günü kutlamaları 1911'de hemen her ülkeye yayıldı. ABD Başkanı Woodrow Wilson, 1914 yılında resmi bir açıklamayla mayıs ayının ikinci pazarını Anneler Günü olarak duyurdu. Türkiye'de ise Anneler Günü ilk kez 9 Mayıs 1955'te kutlandı.
DÜNYA'DA ANNELER GÜNÜ
Anneler Günü Dünya'da farklı günlerde kutlanır. En yaygın şekliyle Mayıs ayının ikinci haftasında kutlanır. Örneğin; Norveç Şubat'ın ikinci Pazar günü, Yunanistan 2 Şubat, Gürcistan 3 Mart, Ermenistan, Afganistan, Azerbaycan, Bulgaristan, Beyaz Rusya, Makedonya, Romanya gibi ülkeler 8 Mart, Birleşik Krallık Birleşik Krallık Büyük Perhizin dördüncü Pazarı kutluyor. Bahreyn, Mısır, Irak, Katar gibi Arap Yarımadası’ndaki ülkeler 21 Mart Ekinoksunda, ABD, İsviçre, Estonya, Ekvator, Bangladeş, Kolombiya, Belçika gibi pek çok dünya ülkesi de Türkiye gibi Mayıs ayının ikinci Pazar gününde Anneler Günü'nü kutluyor.
ANNELER GÜNÜ MESAJLARI VE SÖZLERİ
Sen öğrettin; sevgiyi, saygıyı, hem kaya gibi sağlam, hem merhametli hem adil olmayı. Dik yokuşlarda, rampalarda, en yüksek merdivenlerde vazgeçmeden tırmanmayı, ihtiyacı olan ellere, el uzatmayı, çalışmayı, üretmeyi, paylaşmayı, bu dünyada sadece “insanlığı kaybetmeme” inadı taşımayı, tüm bunları sen öğrettin baş tacım. Her günün kutlu olsun.
Yeryüzündeki binlerce çiçek arasından en güzeli olan anneme, seni çok ama çok seviyorum. Bu anlamlı günde yanında olmak çok güzel... Anneler Günün Kutlu Olsun Annem...
Küçükken başucumda bana ninni söylerdin, sabahları uyanınca, beni okşar severdin. Benim annem, güzel annem beni al dizlerine. Kucağında okşa beni, ninniler söyle yine. Bugün hâlâ kulağımda çınlıyor tatlı sesin. Güzel annem, kalbimin sen, en büyük neşesisin. Anneler günün kutlu olsun.
Ah dağılsam dizine, uyusam doymaksızın, sabah olmasa gece kaçmaktan dermansızım, sür beni gül yüzüne ki, sende kalsın sızım. Ağlıyor musun anne gidiyor hayırsızım. Anneler günün kutlu olsun canım annem.
Biraz şans, biraz sevgi ve sabır, birer parça zaman, başarı ve memnuniyeti de eklersek malzemelere, hepsini karıştırıp senin için uzun ve dileklerinin gerçekleştiği bir “hayat pastası” yapabiliriz sanırım… Anneler günün kutlu olsun canım annem!
Karşılıksız tek sevgi senin bize olan sevginmiş. Şimdi daha iyi anlıyorum anne. Seni çok seviyoruz. Ellerinden öpüyoruz anneciğim.<|endoftext|>Sockeye salmon are also known as red salmon.
Description: Sockeye salmon are commonly known as “red” salmon due to the brilliant reddening (especially in males) of the body that occurs when these fish return to the freshwater to spawn. During this transformation Sockeye salmon exhibit bright red bodies, dull green heads, a pronounced kype (hooked jaw), and a small dorsal hump (which is much less pronounced than in male pink salmon). Before developing their spawning colors, adults are of a greenish-blue hue with fine black speckles on their backs. They can reach up to a length of 33 inches and weigh up to 15 pounds, although on average they typically weigh between 3.5 and 8 pounds.
Range: Sacramento River, California to Hokkaido, Japan; some populations along the Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Straits, and the Sea of Okhotsk.
Abundance: Third in abundance after pink and chum. Life History: Sockeye salmon have the greatest range of life history patterns of all the salmon species; making use of both rivers and lakes unlike the other salmonids. There are 3 types of sockeye salmon stocks, grouped by the spawning and rearing habitat they utilize as well as their life cycle behavior. Lacustrine (lake-oriented) and riverine (river-oriented) stocks are anadromous, which means that they are born and spawn in the freshwater, but live out their adult lives in the ocean. The other type of sockeye stock is called kokanee (or little redfish). Kokanee remain in the freshwater throughout their entire lifecycle. Some are descendents from landlocked sockeye salmon, while others are “residuals” who opted never to migrate out to sea. Kokanee are also smaller in size than the two stocks of anadromous sockeye. This species spawns earlier than most other salmon, usually entering the freshwater in the summer months. Lacustrine sockeye typically spawn in rivers above, below, and sometimes even in lakes; allowing the fry to develop in the lake ecosystem for 1 to 2 years. Riverine populations spawn and rear in large river systems rather than lakes. These anadromous populations typically spend 2 or 3 years at sea before returning to the freshwater to spawn.
Spawning Season: August to November.
Habitat Requirements: Sockeye differ from other Pacific salmon in their use of lake environments for spawning and juvenile rearing. Although most sockeye spawn in rivers and streams, some spawn in lakes, using beach or bottom areas where groundwater wells up through the gravel.
In Our Local Watersheds: There are two very small distinct riverine sockeye salmon populations present in the Nooksack River; one in the North/Middle Fork and one in the South Fork. These fish are more closely related to riverine stocks of sockeye salmon to the north (like the Fraser River sockeye salmon) than to local lacustrine stocks (like the Baker Lake sockeye salmon). Sockeye in our area can begin migration into the Nooksack River as early as spring, although most spawning occurs in August and September.
Did You Know? Sockeye salmon get their brilliant red spawning color in part from eating a rich diet of large zooplankton (crustaceans and fish larvae), similar to the flamingo.
For more information on Whatcom County's sockeye salmon click here.
For more information on Whatcom County's kokanee salmon click here.
Salmon Species ><|endoftext|>11.31
Dalle 8 e per 24 ore "le voci di Wikipedia in lingua italiana non saranno accessibili,ma rimanderanno a un banner informativo sulla riforma del diritto d'autore, in vista del voto in plenaria dal Parlamento europeo di domani". Lo fa sapere Wikimedia, l'associazione che sostiene l'enciclopedia libera.
"Un'azione forte di protesta, volta a far sapere al maggior numero possibile di cittadini come la nuova direttiva potrà influire negativamente sulla libertà di espressione, sulla partecipazione e sulla creatività online".<|endoftext|>A lot of smokers have turned to smoking electronic cigarettes believing it’s a healthier alternative to real tobacco cigarettes. There many studies showing either that e-cigarettes are less carcinogenic than real cigarettes, or that in fact e-cigarettes are far more dangerous.
The latest study on e-cigarettes shows that they contain a high concentration of a dangerous substance called formaldehyde, which is believed to cause cancer.
The electronic cigarette is increasingly popular among smokers who want to quit the traditional tobacco cigarette, hoping that this alternative is healthier and in time will help them quit smoking altogether.
Unlike regular cigarettes, the e-cigarette does not release smoke but a water vapor.
However, a recent study conducted by the scientists at the Portland State University shows that some of the vapors found in the e-cigarette contain a high concentration of formaldehyde, a toxic substance also found in industrial disinfectant products. Formaldehyde is also used in some glue products, plywood and other household products.
James Pankow, one of the lead authors of the study, explained that the researchers have discovered a hidden form of formaldehyde in the vapors of e-cigarettes. The chemical was not measured previously and Pankow says it can be released after the
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us in writing. They include the judges and officials who are in charge of the people from Tripolis, Persia, Erech and Babylon. They are also over the Elamites from Susa.
And they are over those who were forced to leave their countries. The great King Ashurbanipal, who is worthy of honor, forced them to leave. He settled them in the city of Samaria. He also settled them in other places west of the Euphrates River.
Here is a copy of the letter that was sent to Artaxerxes. We are sending this letter to you, King Artaxerxes. It is from your servants who live west of the Euphrates River.
We want you to know that the Jews who left you and came up to us have gone to Jerusalem. They are rebuilding that evil city. It has caused trouble for a long time. The Jews are making its walls like new again. They are repairing the foundations.
Here is something else we want you to know. Suppose this city is rebuilt. And suppose its walls are made like new again. Then no more taxes, gifts or fees will be collected. And there will be less money for you.
We owe a lot to you. We don't want to see dishonor brought on you. So we're sending this letter to tell you what is going on.
Then you can have a search made in the official records. Have someone check the records of the kings who ruled before you. If you do, you will find out that Jerusalem is an evil city. It causes trouble for kings and countries. For a long time the city has refused to let anyone rule over it. That's why it was destroyed.
We want you to know that this city shouldn't be rebuilt. Its walls shouldn't be made like new again. If that happens, you won't have anything left west of the Euphrates River.
The king replied, I am writing this letter to Rehum, the commanding officer. I am also writing it to Shimshai, the secretary. And I am writing it to your friends who are living in Samaria and in other places west of the Euphrates River. I give you my greetings.
The letter you sent us has been read to me. It has been explained to me in my language.
I gave an order. I had a search made. We found out that Jerusalem has a long history of turning against the kings of the countries that have ruled over it. It has refused to remain under their control. It is always stirring up trouble.
Jerusalem has had powerful kings. Some of them ruled over everything west of the Euphrates. Taxes, gifts and fees were paid to them.
So give an order to those men. Make them stop their work. Then the city won't be rebuilt until I give the order.
Pay careful attention to this matter. Why should we let this danger grow? That would not be in our best interests.
The copy of the letter of King Artaxerxes was read to Rehum and the secretary Shimshai. It was also read to their friends. Right away they went to the Jews in Jerusalem. They forced them to stop their work.
And so the work on the house of God in Jerusalem came to an end. Nothing more was done on it until the second year that Darius was king of Persia.<|endoftext|>民居 · Joliet
大教堂区（ Cathedral District ）的舒适私人小屋
我们温馨舒适的1920年房源位于朱丽叶大教堂区（ Cathedral District in Joliet ）。
3分钟可达海利豪宅（ Haley Mansion ） ， 6分钟可达雅各布亨利豪宅（ Jacob Henry Mansion ）。
您可以通过带密码锁的前门进入整个主楼层，供您自己和房客使用。 我和我的两只迷你小狗住在地下室。我们有自己的入口从后面。
您可以将车停在外面的街道上。所以有很多停车位。
4月2日至9日<|endoftext|>Dopo un anno di assenza dalla Formula 1, Esteban Ocon è tornato. Dopo aver trascorso un po’ di tempo come pilota di riserva e collaudatore Mercedes, il francese è tornato in griglia per la Renault e ha già individuato la differenza tra i due team. “La Formula 1 è tutta una questione di dettagli ed è chiaro che la Mercedes è ora migliore della Renault in tutto. Ciò ha senso perché altrimenti, non avrebbero vinto quei sei titoli. Tuttavia, ora sono un pilota Renault e farò di tutto in mio potere per riportare la Renault al vertice “, ha dichiarato Esteban Ocon a GQ Magazine.
“Dobbiamo tenere i piedi per terra e puntare al quarto posto. Questo è realistico per la Renault. Non abbiamo ancora la velocità dei primi tre, ma ci arriveremo. Lavoriamo ogni giorno per migliorare, ma non è facile in un ambiente in rapida crescita come la Formula 1. ” ha concluso Esteban Ocon. La Renault ha avuto un 2019 non particolarmente felice e spera che il ritorno di un pilota francese nella squadra farà si che il team possa vivere un 2020 di successo.<|endoftext|>A zero-sum game is when one participant in an endeavor gains what the other person in the endeavor loses. There is only a finite amount of value to go around. Many people are inclined to think of their activities in this manner. This would be to their detriment.
But first, why are people inclined to think in this manner? Perhaps it starts when one is a child. Obvious situations such as “if he has this toy, then I do not” abound, and the lesson is learned. Also, there are the the games that children play, boardgames and others, that teach this lesson. When they get older, there are grievance mongers (feminist leaders, SJWs and others) in their face. For these people to get and retain power, they need to get their message across easily, and with a maximum impact. This normally is done through appeals to the easily understood zero-sum game. And by engaging in this, they are doing society a great disservice.
For the world is not just one big zero-sum game as the grievance mongers imply. There are win-win situations, where the overused word synergy applies. That is, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Marriage is supposed to be a sterling example of this. I will leave it as an exercise to the commenters to describe how this should work in marriage. I will end by stating that in the modern day, far too often the participants in a marriage view it as zero-sum game, which in the end means that they both lose (with the man typically losing more).<|endoftext|>L'adrenalina (epinefrina) (L-1 (3,4-diossifenil) -2-metilaminoetanolo) è il principale ormone della sostanza cerebrale delle ghiandole surrenali, nonché un neurotrasmettitore. È una catecolamina nella struttura chimica. L'adrenalina si trova in vari organi e tessuti, in quantità significative si forma nel tessuto cromaffinico, specialmente nel midollo surrenale. L'adrenalina sintetica è usata come medicinale sotto il nome di Epinephrine (INN). Oltre all'adrenalina, il midollo surrenale produce anche noradrenalina, che si differenzia dall'adrenalina per l'assenza di un gruppo metilico nella sua molecola. L'adrenalina e la noradrenalina sono prodotte da varie cellule dello strato cerebrale..
L'adrenalina è prodotta dalle cellule cromaffiniche del midollo surrenale. La sua secrezione aumenta drammaticamente durante condizioni stressanti, situazioni limite, un senso di pericolo, con ansia, paura, lesioni, ustioni e condizioni di shock. L'azione dell'adrenalina è associata ad un effetto sui recettori α e β-adrenorecettori e per molti aspetti coincide con gli effetti dell'eccitazione delle fibre nervose simpatiche. Provoca un restringimento dei vasi degli organi della cavità addominale, della pelle e delle mucose; in misura minore restringe i vasi dei muscoli scheletrici, ma dilata i vasi del cervello. La pressione sanguigna aumenta sotto l'influenza dell'adrenalina. Tuttavia, l'effetto pressore dell'adrenalina è meno pronunciato di quello della noradrenalina a causa dell'eccitazione non solo di α1 e α2-recettori adrenergici ma anche β2-adrenorecettori dei vasi sanguigni. I cambiamenti nell'attività cardiaca sono complessi: stimolare β1 adrenorecettori del cuore, l'adrenalina contribuisce ad un aumento significativo e aumento della frequenza cardiaca, facilità di conduzione atrioventricolare, aumento dell'automatismo del muscolo cardiaco, che può portare ad aritmie. Tuttavia, a causa di un aumento della pressione sanguigna, il centro dei nervi vaghi viene eccitato, che ha un effetto inibitorio sul cuore, può verificarsi una bradicardia riflessa transitoria.
L'adrenalina è un ormone catabolico e colpisce quasi tutti i tipi di metabolismo. Sotto la sua influenza, c'è un aumento della glicemia e un aumento del metabolismo dei tessuti. Essendo un ormone contro-ormonale e agendo sul β2 adrenorecettori dei tessuti e del fegato, l'adrenalina migliora la gluconeogenesi e la glicogenolisi, inibisce la sintesi del glicogeno nel fegato e nei muscoli scheletrici, migliora l'assorbimento e l'utilizzo del glucosio da parte dei tessuti, aumentando l'attività degli enzimi glicolitici. L'adrenalina migliora anche la lipolisi (riduzione del grasso corporeo) e inibisce la sintesi del grasso. Ciò è dovuto al suo effetto su β1 adrenorecettori del tessuto adiposo. Ad alte concentrazioni, l'adrenalina migliora il catabolismo proteico.
L'adrenalina migliora la capacità funzionale dei muscoli scheletrici (specialmente quando sono stanchi). Con un'esposizione prolungata a concentrazioni moderate di adrenalina, si nota un aumento delle dimensioni (ipertrofia funzionale) del miocardio e del muscolo scheletrico. Presumibilmente, questo effetto è uno dei meccanismi di adattamento del corpo allo stress cronico prolungato e all'aumento dell'attività fisica. Tuttavia, l'esposizione prolungata ad alte concentrazioni di adrenalina porta ad un aumento del catabolismo proteico, a una diminuzione della massa e della forza muscolare, alla perdita di peso e all'esaurimento. Questo spiega l'emaciazione e l'esaurimento dell'angoscia (stress che supera la capacità adattativa del corpo).
L'adrenalina ha un effetto stimolante sul sistema nervoso centrale, sebbene penetri debolmente nella barriera emato-encefalica. Aumenta il livello di veglia, energia mentale e attività, provoca mobilitazione mentale, una reazione di orientamento e una sensazione di ansia, ansia o tensione. L'adrenalina viene generata in situazioni limite.
L'adrenalina eccita la regione ipotalamica responsabile della sintesi dell'ormone di rilascio della corticotropina, attivando il sistema ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene. Il conseguente aumento della concentrazione di cortisolo nel sangue aumenta l'effetto dell'adrenalina sui tessuti e aumenta la resistenza del corpo allo stress e allo shock.
L'adrenalina ha anche un pronunciato effetto antiallergico e antinfiammatorio, inibisce il rilascio di istamina, serotonina, chinine, prostaglandine, leucotrieni e altri mediatori di allergie e infiammazioni da mastociti (effetto stabilizzante della membrana), eccitante β2-recettori adrenergici, riduce la sensibilità dei tessuti a queste sostanze. Questo, così come la stimolazione di β2-recettori adrenergici dei bronchioli, elimina il loro spasmo e previene lo sviluppo di edema della mucosa. L'adrenalina provoca un aumento del numero di globuli bianchi nel sangue, in parte a causa del rilascio di leucociti dal deposito nella milza, in parte a causa della ridistribuzione dei globuli durante lo spasmo vascolare, in parte a causa del rilascio di globuli bianchi non completamente maturi dal deposito del midollo osseo. Uno dei meccanismi fisiologici per limitare le reazioni infiammatorie e allergiche è un aumento della secrezione di adrenalina da parte del midollo surrenale, che si verifica in molte infezioni acute, processi infiammatori e reazioni allergiche. L'effetto antiallergico dell'adrenalina è anche dovuto al suo effetto sulla sintesi del cortisolo.
L'adrenalina ha un effetto stimolante sul sistema di coagulazione del sangue. Aumenta il numero e l'attività funzionale delle piastrine, che, insieme a uno spasmo di piccoli capillari, determina l'effetto emostatico (emostatico) dell'adrenalina. Uno dei meccanismi fisiologici che promuovono l'emostasi è un aumento della concentrazione di adrenalina nel sangue durante la perdita di sangue.
Adrenalina (epinefrina), che cos'è, le funzioni, i benefici e i danni del "battito o corsa dell'ormone"
Quale persona non ha mai sentito l'effetto dell'adrenalina sul corpo? Non ci sono persone così. Dopotutto, anche il bambino più piccolo ha sperimentato lo stress almeno una volta nella vita. Dove viene prodotta l'adrenalina, perché è necessaria, ne trae beneficio o danno, come può salvare una vita o rovinarla? Tutto questo può essere trovato nell'articolo qui sotto.
Cos'è l'adrenalina?
L'adrenalina (aka epinefrina) è un ormone responsabile del verificarsi di sentimenti di ansia, paura, stress, pericolo. Ha ricevuto il nome dal termine ghiandola surrenale, perché questo organo in inglese suona come "ghiandola surrenale", ed è lui che produce adrenalina. In determinate quantità, l'epinefrina si trova sempre negli organi e nei tessuti. La sua presenza è vitale per il corpo, perché costringe il cervello a prendere decisioni lampo in una frazione di secondo: difendersi o fuggire.
La formula dell'adrenalina è la seguente:
Che cos'è l'adrenalina? Per sua natura chimica, è una catecolamina. Coloro. È una sostanza fisicamente attiva che partecipa al metabolismo e mantiene la stabilità del corpo durante il periodo di stress fisico e nervoso.
L'ormone adrenalina viene prodotto nelle ghiandole surrenali durante situazioni stressanti. Questa ghiandola accoppiata produce anche un altro ormone, la noradrenalina, che prende parte anche alle reazioni di "lotta o fuga", ma in misura molto minore.
Il meccanismo d'azione dell'adrenalina è che il segnale di allarme viene ricevuto da una parte del cervello - l'ipotalamo. Invia immediatamente l'ordine alle ghiandole surrenali, che rispondono con il rilascio di un ormone nel sangue.
L'effetto dell'adrenalina sul corpo è accompagnato da aumento della pressione, aumento della frequenza cardiaca, pupille dilatate. L'attività fisica, mentale e mentale è attivata. Per fornire al corpo energia aggiuntiva, il glucosio inizia a essere prodotto più attivamente, mentre la sensazione di fame si attenua. Per garantire il massimo flusso di sangue al cervello, i sistemi digestivo e genito-urinario sono disattivati.
Di conseguenza, una persona in pochissimo tempo diventa più veloce, più forte, gli organi sensoriali si aggravano. Tutto ciò ti consente di salvare una vita in situazioni estreme. L'adrenalina nel sangue è estremamente importante per gravi lesioni e gravi ustioni: il dolore si attenua, qualunque esso sia, aumentando il tempo per aiutare.
Quando il pericolo è passato e l'adrenalina è tornata alla normalità, una persona inizia a sentire fame grave, appare affaticamento e le reazioni rallentano.
Cosa si può sentire quando l'adrenalina viene rilasciata nel sangue?
Al momento di un'ondata di ormoni, una persona inizia immediatamente a sentirsi in qualche modo strana e insolita. Il cuore di qualcuno inizia a battere furiosamente, la respirazione accelera, a volte c'è una forte ondulazione nell'area del tempio. Altri saliva liberamente e appare un gusto insolito in bocca. Molti aumenti della sudorazione, questo è particolarmente evidente sui palmi delle mani, le gambe cessano di obbedire. In ogni caso, questi cambiamenti sono reversibili..
Vale la pena sapere che, dopo l'eccitazione, si verifica immediatamente la frenata. Una persona inizia a sentirsi vuota e letargica. Maggiore è l'influenza dell'ormone, più lunga è la sensazione di inibizione.
Pro e contro dell'adrenalina per il corpo umano
Il vantaggio si percepisce se i suoi indicatori aumentano solo in rari casi e non su base continuativa. Al fine di non infliggere un duro colpo al corpo, l'azione dell'ormone è di breve durata e in una situazione ordinaria, letteralmente dopo 5 minuti, la sua quantità rientra nell'intervallo normale.
L'effetto dell'adrenalina sul corpo:
- possiede proprietà antiallergiche e antinfiammatorie;
- allevia il broncospasmo e riduce lo sviluppo dell'edema delle mucose;
- provoca uno spasmo dei piccoli vasi della pelle, a seguito del quale gli arti ricevono meno sangue del solito. Allo stesso tempo, stimola il sistema di coagulazione, aumentando la viscosità del sangue, che consente di arrestare la perdita di sangue molto rapidamente con una varietà di lesioni e lesioni;
- aumenta il livello di veglia;
- migliora la scomposizione dei grassi e inibisce la loro sintesi;
- influisce positivamente
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fees. “When I was on the Governor's Commission on Open Government Reform, we had a woman testify that she had the choice of either paying her mortgage or paying for the public records she had requested,” Petersen said. “We shouldn't have to be making those choices.”
* Transparency: a view into finances of the state government. In short, “access to the state checkbook,” Petersen said, so the public can see how state money is being spent.
In a government of the people, by the people and for the people, the proceedings and records of the government belong to the people. This, Florida's government should make certain.<|endoftext|>تیم ملی والیبال ایران فردا شب از طریق دوبی، راهی ژاپن می شود تا چند روز قبل از رقابت های جام بین قاره ای در این کشور حضور داشته باشد.
همچنین یک بازی تدارکاتی میان تیم ملی ایران و این تیم ژاپنی برگزار می شود؛ سپس شاگردان کولاکوویچ در کمپ مسابقات مستقر می شوند.<|endoftext|>La 34ma edizione della Coppa d'Africa non si svolgerà, come inizialmente previsto, nella prossima estate del 2023, il torneo internazionale del continente africano slitterà al prossimo gennaio 2024, in linea con le edizioni precedenti. La decisione è stata ufficializzata dal presidente della Caf, Patrice Motsepe, nelle scorse ore: alla base della scelta operata, ovviamente, la vicinanza che il torneo avrebbe avuto con il Mondiale che si disputerà in inverno in Qatar.
Una notizia che interessa anche il Napoli di Luciano Spalletti, che perderebbe nuovamente i calciatori africani in rosa - al momento Ounas, Osimhen, Anguissa e il campione in carica Kalidou Koulibaly - nel gennaio del 2024 ma almeno non li costringerebbe agli straordinari al termine dell'annata che sta per cominciare. «Le date ufficiali saranno comunicate prossimamente», ha fatto sapere Motsepe, la prossima Coppa d'Africa 2024 si giocherà sempre in Costa d'Avorio, come inizialmente previsto.<|endoftext|>useful and harmful substances
Harmful substances in the environment are called?
What are some examples of useful and harmful effects of mixture and substances on health and environment? Mixtures and substances such as pesticide runoff can pollutestreams and water. These same substance help crops be moreproductive, but they also pose serious health problems.
10 Harmful Chemicals to Avoid - Parents
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What is Bleach? And Why is it Dangerous? - Sustainable ...
Although bleach comes from a natural source, the process it undergoes radically changes the substance into something far more harmful to humans and the environment, as I'll show below. It's not what we're looking for in a sustainable conversation.
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Hazardous hundred chemicals The Hazardous 100 + List of Chemicals of High Concern is a small subset of hazardous chemicals linked to known health problems. Unfortunately, consumers cannot simply shop our way around these chemicals.
What harmful substances are in alcohol ers.com
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What is a drug and what are harmful and useful drugs? A drug is any substance that, when absorbed into the body, changes normal or abnormal bodily function. Drugs like Advil, Tylenol, or even prescription medications can be harm … ful or helpful.
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Examples of harmful substances ers.com
A substance can any material, solution, or mixture, such as water, salt, glue, or gunpowder. A pure substance is one that contains the same element or compound throughout … . Salt is a pure substance, but when added to water, it becomes a mixture.
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Use this handy PowerPoint to discuss medicines and harmful substances with your Early Level pupils. ... (Early) Medicines and Harmful Substances PowerPoint (3 member reviews) Classic Collection Click for more information. ... Useful for teaching medicines and drugs as a PSCHE resource. pcgray, Apr 29th 2018
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Substance Use During Pregnancy. Tobacco, alcohol and drugs can have harmful effects on anyone's health. When a pregnant or nursing woman uses these substances, her baby also is exposed to them, for all substances cross the placenta through the umbilical cord and enter into the baby's bloodstream.
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Disasters and conflicts Harmful substances and hazardous waste . evaluating and reporting on the progress of their programmes on harmful substances and hazardous waste. promoting best practice and increasing public access to information on …<|endoftext|>A register is a fast access location on a CPU that can be used to store application code. Many register models are shared between multiple microcontrollers in a PC or other device, while others are dedicated to individual tasks. Some register models are write-once/write-many, meaning that they are written once and never read again, while others are read only and may be written again, but only if the instruction pointer is not invalidated. A register can store a wide variety of instructions, with each group of instructions designated by a particular register number.
A register performs different functions depending on what it is used for. When an instruction is executed, the execution is performed through the execution unit. This unit is located inside the processing unit or ROM and is divided into two different sections. The first section contains temporary execution and control codes that are used during booting up and startup operations, whereas the second section contains permanent instructions that control all other processing units, including the memory management unit (MMU), interrupt handler, stack pointer, exception handlers, and so on. A register can also hold instructions for branch instructions and for any number of other instructions.
A register performs a variety of different functions that must be implemented correctly in order to run a program correctly. Instructions that set the execution state of the processor, or control unit, will first appear in the RAM of the processing unit. If this instruction is not executed, the processor will continue to search for a matching location in the ROM. Once the matching instruction is found, it will be executed, and will continue in the same manner as instructions stored in the RAM.
An instruction pointer is a virtual register that stores a specific value or piece of information. In the case of an instruction, this will be either a constant or a variable. Another type of register is the temporary register. This holds only non-volatile information that the processor will not need at the time it is accessed. The register may hold instructions for the hardware as well as the software. The register may be volatile or nonvolatile.
The processor registers consist of four types: dynamic, fixed, register-align, and memory. The dynamic register allows a processor to change the contents of the instruction set at any time. The fixed register-align register ensures that the contents of the instruction set are consistent throughout the execution of the program. The memory register is used primarily for temporary purposes; however, it also maintains a copy of the contents of the previous instructions. The instruction set is maintained in the main memory, which is referred to as the main memory bus.
An instruction decoder is part of the microprocessor instruction register. It decodes an instruction and converts it into binary form. Instructions may come from one of the five different memory accesses, such as I/O, Ptr, Stack, Routine, or Vector. A processor register may be accessed by utilizing a shift register, an index register, an accumulator, or a rotate instruction. A control register determines the execution of instructions. An interrupt service routine is provided to handle events where a machine stalls.<|endoftext|>Conservation status of species of European interest in lake and river ecosystems
- Some 13 % of the conservation status assessments of lake and river-related species are favourable.
- Sixty-six per cent of the assessments are unfavourable, of which 31 % are unfavourable-bad.
- Some 21 % of the assessments are unknown.
- The Pannonian and Boreal regions have the highest percentage of favourable assessments.
Geographical coverage: EU except Bulgaria and Romania; number of assessments in brackets.
For references, please go to www.eea.europa.eu/soer or scan the QR code.
This briefing is part of the EEA's report The European Environment - State and Outlook 2015. The EEA is an official agency of the EU, tasked with providing information on Europe’s environment.
PDF generated on 27 Nov 2015, 09:20 PM<|endoftext|>اجرای بیمه ازدواج در استان/ ازدواج به اولویت پنجم جوانان تبدیل شده است
به گزارش خبرنگار خاورستان، قناد معاون امور جوانان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان خراسان جنوبی ظهر امروز در نخستین جلسه ساماندهی امور جوانان استان در سال ۹۵، با بیان این که تشکیل شورای عالی جوانان در سال ۷۱ در کشور صورت پذیرفته است، اظهار کرد: اعضای شورای مذکور را، رئیس جمهور، وزیر ورزش و جوانان و وزرای مختلف تشکیل می دهند.
وی با اشاره به این که بعد از این شورا، ستاد ملی سامان دهی امور جوانان در سال ۸۳ تشکیل شده است، بیان کرد: در سطوح پایین تر نیز، ستاد سامان دهی امور جوانان در سطح استان ها را شاهد هستیم که در سال ۸۶ در کشور شکل گرفته است.
معاون امور جوانان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان خراسان جنوبی، افزود: در این زمینه تعداد ۱۱ موضوع از جمله اشتغال، ازدواج، آسیب های اجتماعی و امور مربوط به جوانان پیگیری و بررسی می شود.
قناد با اشاره به این که این ستاد باید هر ماه یک جلسه در استان تشکیل شود، خاطرنشان کرد: در این خصوص، باید در سال گذشته ۱۲ جلسه تشکیل می شد که خراسان جنوبی تنها استانی است که در بین استان های کشور،هیچ جلسه ای را برگزار نکرده است.
وی ادامه داد: در سطوح کشوری استان های آذربایجان شرقی و البرز با ۱۰ جلسه، بالاترین جلسات ستاد سامان دهی را تشکیل داده اند ولی در خراسان جنوبی،هیچ جلسه ای تشکیل نشد.
معاون امور جوانان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان خراسان جنوبی با بیان اینکه بعد از ستاد استانی، ستاد شهرستانی سامان دهی امور جوانان به ریاست فرماندار هر شهرستان را داریم، بیان کرد: شهرستان ها نیز هر دو ماه موظف هستند این ستاد را برگزار کنند که در سال گذشته در شهرستان های استان، ۲۳ جلسه تشکیل شده است.
قناد با اذعان بر اینکه از ستاد انتظار کار سخت و خاصی نداریم، متذکر شد: اما جوانان انتظار دارند که حداقل های مد نظرآن ها گردد.
وی ضمن انتقاد شدید از اینکه مصوبات جلسات مربوط به جوانان با سال های ۵۷ تغییر خاصی نداشته است، ابراز کرد: این موضوع در حالی است که نسل جوانان فعلی با گذشته تفاوت عمده ای داشته و نیازهایشان متفاوت است.
معاون امور جوانان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان خراسان جنوبی از ورود پدیده های تهدید کننده جوانان در سال های اخیر به کشور خبر داد و گفت: آنچه مسلم است آن است که باید یک همپوشانی بین خواسته جوانان و خانواده های آنان ایجاد شود.
قناد ضمن انتقاد از این که متاسفانه در حوزه جوانان،همگرایی وجود ندارد، اظهار داشت: نیاز داریم که دستگاه های مختلف به بیان گزارش و عملکرد خود در خصوص اقداماتی که برای جوانان انجام داده اند،بپردازند.
وی در ادامه صحبت هایش ضمن اشاره به برش طرح پایش ملی نگرش ها و ارزش های جوانان استان،یادآور شد: حدود ۵۰ درصد از مردان و زنان کل استان در پژوهش مذکور شرکت کرده اند که بیشترین شرکت کننده در بین سنین ۲۵ تا ۳۵ بوده اند.
معاون امور جوانان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان خراسان جنوبی اضافه کرد: در این طرح ارزش ها و نگرش های دینی، ملی، انقلابی، مسائل روابط خانوادگی، نگرش آن ها در مورد ازدواج، نگرش در مورد اشتغال و مهارت آموزی، بهداشت و سلامت، جرائم و آسیب های اجتماعی، اوقات فراغت، مشارکت های اجتماعی جوانان استان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
قناد در بخش دیگری از صحبت هایش از اجرای بیمه ازدواج برای جوانان خبر داد و اظهار کرد: بیمه ازدواج ،یک بسته حمایتی است که برای تسهیل در ازدواج جوانان بین وزارت وزرش و جوانان و بیمه ایران منعقد شده است.
وی با اشاره به این مطلب که متاسفانه بر اساس تحقیقات انجام شده، در حال حاضر ازدواج به اولویت پنجم جوانان تبدیل شده است، تصریح کرد: این موضوع نمایشگر کم توجهی به موضوع ازدواج جوانان است.
معاون امور جوانان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان خراسان جنوبی اضافه کرد: در این زمینه، بیمه ازدواج مطرح شده و جوانان تا مرز ۴۰ سالگی جوانان می تواند از مزایا این بیمه استفاده کند.
قناد با بیان این که بیمه نامه ازدواج در ۹ هزار و ۵۰۰ شعبه بیمه ایران ارائه می شود،گفت: جوانان می توانند با پرداخت حداقل ماهانه ۵۰ هزار تومان و پس از پنج سال از
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will also provide body strength as well as endurance in the core.<|endoftext|>Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) Adalet Bakanı Yardımcısı Rod Rosenstein'ın istifa etmediği ancak "görevinden alınmayı beklediği" öne sürüldü.
Reuters haber ajansına konuşan kaynaklar Rosenstein'ın Beyaz Saray Özel Kalem Müdürü John Kelly ile görüşmesinde istifa konusunun gündeme geldiğini aktardı. Ancak Rosenstein'ın istifa etmeyip görevinin başında olduğu belirtildi.
Rosenstein Trump'la görüşecek
Adaleti Bakanı Yardımcısı Rosenstein hakkında çıkan önce "istifa etti" sonra da "kovulmayı bekliyor" şeklindeki iddialar sonrası ABD Başkanı Donald Trump'la bir toplantı yapacağı duyuruldu. Beyaz Saray Sözcüsü Sarah Sanders, twitter üzerinden paylaştığı mesajda Rosenstein'ın talebi üzerine 27 Eylül'de ikilinin bir araya geleceğini açıkladı. Sanders, Trump ve Rosenstein'ın bu konularla ilgili uzun bir görüşme gerçekleştirdiğini de belirtti.
Rod Rosenstein'ın, 2017 yılında Trump'ın ABD Başkanı olmaya yetersiz olduğu gerekçesiyle görevden alınmasını sağlamak için girişimleri olduğuna dair çıkan haberlerin ardından istifa etmesi bekleniyordu.
Bu haberler de ilginizi çekebilir:<|endoftext|>دانش > فناوری - گروهی از محققان چینی و انگلیسی همکاری مشترک بر روی طرحی را آغاز کرده اند که بر اساس آن و با استفاده از ماهواره می توان رانشهای خطرناک زمین را قبل از وقوع شناسایی کرد.
به گزارش ایرنا، این طرح بخصوص زمانی مورد توجه قرار گرفت که تجزیه و تحلیل داده های ماهواره ای ثابت کرد در رانش اخیر زمین در چین تحرکاتی از پیش رخ داده است.
رانش اخیر زمین در استان «سیچوان» در جنوب غرب چین 10 کشته و ۷۳ ناپدید برجای گذاشته که تاکنون هیچ اطلاعی از مفقودان بدست نیامده است.
تیم تحقیقاتی چین در گزارش خود که تارنمای «یی سی» روز شنبه منتشر کرده آورده است که تحلیل داده ها ثابت می کند که در شش ماه گذشته در این منطقه جابجایی های رخ داده و احتمال رانش زمین وجود داشته است.
این تیم می افزاید که بر اساس تصاویر دریافتی از ماهواره 10 مورد دیگر رانش زمین را از پیش شناسایی کرده و مراتب را به اطلاع مسوولان رسانده است.
اگرچه کارشناسان چینی گفته اند نمی توان زمان دقیق وقوع رانش زمین را اعلام کرد و این اتفاق خیلی ناگهانی رخ می دهد، اما به نظر می رسد این روش بسیار کاربردی باشد چرا که این گروه توانست تشخیص دهد که زمین حدود 6 ماه پیش از رویداد رانش، در حال لغزش بوده است.
این بدان معنی است که از این روش می توان به عنوان هشداری زودرس برای اقدامات پیشگیرانه و نجات جان مردم استفاده کرد.
در رانش اخیر در چین حدود یک و نیم کیلومتر مربع زمین به طور کلی زیر هشت میلیون متر مکعب خاک و گل و لای مدفون شد و در 2 مورد دیگر رانش زمین به فاصله ۲۰ کیلومتری از نقطه اول در یک هفته بعد از آن رخ داده است.
در جریان زمین لرزه بسیار بزرگ و رانش های فراوان زمین در استان سیچوان چین در سال ۲۰۰۸ میلادی بیش از ۷۰ هزار نفر جان خود را از دست دادند.
آمار نشان می دهد که بین سال های ۲۰۰۷ تا ۲۰۱۵ میلادی نزدیک به ۲۰ هزار نفر بر اثر این پدیده طبیعی و به دنبال بارش باران در اقصی نقاط جهان جان باخته اند.
۵۴۵۴<|endoftext|>To conserve water, some gardeners are turning to low water-use or drought-tolerant plants. There are many environmental benefits to this approach to gardening that combines water conservation with beautiful landscaping. Let's take a look at what is meant by low water-use plants, what kinds of plants there are in this category, and the specific benefits.
What Exactly Are Low Water-Use Plants?
These are plants that have adapted to low-water conditions. They have the ability to store water in their leaves, or have narrow leaves that reduce the loss of water. Cacti are probably the best-known low-water plant, but they are not the only ones by any means. Some low water-use plants can grow in humid air as long as the soil moisture is low.
What Kinds of Plants Are Low Water-Use?
In general, plants with hairy, succulent, or narrow leaves tend to be low water-use. Some evergreens fall into this category, too, such as junipers and hemlocks. If you live in a drought-prone area, you will find native plants to be a good choice. They have already adapted to the low-moisture conditions.
Here are some of the types of plants gardeners use in low-water gardens. Consider your location when you look at this list, and see if there are any species that are native to your region. Also make sure that none of these are listed among the invasive plants for your area.
* Serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia)
* Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
* Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorum)
* Hen-and-chicks (Sempervivum tectorum)
* Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla)
* Four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens)
* Pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida) (The other Echinacea species are also low water-use)
* Compass plant (Silphium laciniatum)
* Aromatic sumac (Rhus aromatica)
* Tall blasing star (Liatris aspera)
* Aromatic aster (Aster oblongifolius) (Most species of aster are low water-use)
* Beach plum (Prunus serotina)
* Aloe (Aloe vera)
* Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
# Native plants are generally considered best for low-water landscaping. Planting natives is much better for the environment, supporting the local ecosystem and habitat and not introducing potentially invasive species.
# Conserving water, of course, is a significant environmental benefit of low water-use plants. Watering lawns and gardens can use a tremendous amount of water.
# Drought-resistant plants, especially native ones, are not as prone to pests and diseases as other species. This cuts down on the use of pesticides and fungicides, which is very beneficial for the environment.
# Many weeds require moist soil. Your drier garden soil will not be as attractive to weeds, cutting back on chemical weed-killers and gas-powered mowers and trimmers.<|endoftext|>蘇萊曼大帝
蘇萊曼一世（土耳其語：I. Süleyman，1494年11月6日－1566年9月7日），是鄂圖曼帝國蘇丹並同時兼任哈里發之職。因為蘇萊曼一世的功勳，他被普遍稱為蘇萊曼大帝（土耳其語：Muhteşem Süleyman，拉丁語：Suleimanus Magnificus），而他在鄂圖曼帝國國內和東方被稱為卡努尼蘇丹蘇萊曼（奥斯曼土耳其文：قانونى سلطان سليمان、現代土耳其文：Kanuni Sultan Süleyman、阿拉伯语：السلطان سليمان القانوني）。蘇萊曼大帝是歐洲16世紀的一位傑出的君主，在他的統治下，鄂圖曼帝國在政治、經濟、軍事和文化等諸多方面都進入全盛時期。
語錄[编辑]
我，万王之王，普天之下所有君主的皇冠授予者，人世间真主之影，白海和黑海、鲁米利亚、安纳托利亚和噶勒莽明尼亚……的苏丹和君主……致函法兰西国王弗朗西斯：
汝致函众国君主的避风港、我的帝国政府，请求援救你们……那就鼓起勇气吧！切不可丧失斗志！我们光荣的先驱和遐迩闻名的祖先（愿真主给他们的墓地带来光辉！）为了战胜敌人、征服他们的土地，长年累月金戈铁马，征战沙场。我们踏着先人的足迹無堅不摧，無土不克。我们昼夜马不解鞍，剑不离身。[註 1]
注释[编辑]
- 蘇萊曼大帝對法蘭西的合作提議表示接受，但不同意結盟——因為這會暗示雙方在道義上是平等的。<|endoftext|>This thought of communicating with the Martian by writing, did not deter me from using every effort to perfect my instrument, so that this might be done verbally, or that at least I might hear a voice and a language spoken on a world millions of miles away. Accordingly I gave the subject of sound-waves my best thought, and the next morning I had formulated clearly laid principles upon which to work. By these I hoped to make an instrument that would be the means of conversing with a Martian.
I had come to the conclusion that the jumble of sound was caused by the prolonged vibration of the wires after each distinct wave from Mars was received, as the wires of a piano will vibrate long after they have been touched. With light-waves it was necessary to have a highly sensitive surface of the composition, capable of responding to many different vibrations, according to the light or shade of the object projected. This accounted for the success I met with upon adopting the coated wires, and I concluded thereupon that they were indispensable. But I now saw that the presence of wires in the composition, though successful with light-waves, was inimical to sound-waves, and it became evident that a firmer but highly sensitive surface was required. The film had not brought good results, either from sound-waves or light-waves, but, it will be remembered, there were wires running through it to give it rigidity, which, although necessary in my original experiments, must be avoided in connection with sound vibrations. Clearly my new film must not be rigid. I thereupon made a film of composition, as thin as possible, and stretched it upon the frame of my instrument, as a diaphragm behind the wires, hoping that the sound-waves would pass between the wires, and vibrate the diaphragm, which, being made of composition, would undoubtedly glow, but not more than the film had done. This, I concluded, would not interfere with the image on the wires, owing to the brilliancy of the latter.
I was now hopeful of success, and anxiously waited for the day to close. Everything was in readiness by noon, and I had at least eight hours to wait before Mars would be in a position for wave contact. But now appeared an adversary with which I had not reckoned. Clouds began to gather, thin and fleecy at first, but growing heavier as the afternoon passed, until by evening the heavens were completely obscured. This was a condition that might last for several days, and the dread of it filled me with despair. How could I wait for days inactive, without seeing or even hearing from my friend in Mars?<|endoftext|>247 Dünyadan Haberler
247 Dünyadan Haberler
18 Haz 2022 08:36
Polisin Deodar’ı fırlatması, Auckland, Bucklands Plajı açıklarında kayıp bir kayık aramasına yanıt veren acil servisler arasında yer alıyor. Fotoğraf / Michael Craig
Acil servisler, Bucklands Plajı açıklarında bir teknenin suda yuvarlanmasından sonra kaybolan bir kişi için Auckland kıyı şeridinde arama başlattı.
Polis Herald’a olayla ilgili akşam saat 20.00 sıralarında alarm verildiğini doğruladı.
Teknede bulunan iki kişi emniyete ulaşmayı başardı. Üçüncüsü kayıp.
Kıyıya ulaşan iki kişi hipertermi tedavisi görüyor.
Musick Point yakınlarında kıyıya çıkmayı başardıkları anlaşılıyor.
İçinde bulundukları tekne kıyı şeridinden birkaç kilometre açıkta.
Bir sözcü, “Polis, Auckland’daki Bucklands Plajı’ndan çıkan bir tekneye müdahale ediyor” dedi.
“Teknede bulunan iki kişi kıyıya yüzerek yüzdü ve güvende, ancak bir kişi hala kayıp.
“Arama Kurtarma hazır durumda ve olay yerine polis botu Deodar ve Eagle helikopteri konuşlandırıldı.”
Arama ekibi şu anda, Bucklands Plajı’ndan ve ayrıca Kuzey Kıyısından gelenler de dahil olmak üzere, Auckland bölgesinden birkaç Sahil Güvenlik gemisini içeriyor.
Bir Bucklands Sahili sakini Herald’a bir Sahil Güvenlik botunun mürettebatının bölgede demirli teknelere ışık saçtığını görebildiklerini söyledi.
Auckland’da bu gece hava koşulları yağışlı ve rüzgarlı.
Gelmek için daha fazla
Gönderi kaynağı: Nzherald
Su araması: Auckland kıyı şeridinde kaybolan kişi yazısı ilk olarak 247 News Around The World’de yer aldı.
Kaynak : https://247newsaroundtheworld.com/news/water-search-person-missing-off-auckland-coastline/<|endoftext|>Having served as a member of the Allied Forces' Occupation of Japan, Bernard Smith has produced a book about the time he spent in Japan in 1946 in the city of Iwakuni, near Hiroshima, both of which cities are located on the east coast of Japan alongside its beautiful Inland Sea. Except for his rather mystifying visit to Tokyo in the summer of 1946, his entire book is based almost entirely on his personal diary, and notes which he wrote while aboard his homeward bound ship at the end of his tour of duty at the end of that year, crucially when the events he describes were still very fresh in his mind. He writes about the utter devastation and despair under which people were living after the horrors of Hiroshima, about the Japanese peoples' response to the Allied Occupation, and the resilience and fortitude with which they faced up to their troubles. As opposed to formal and official documents, Bernard Smith writes about human suffering and the harsh conditions under which people were living. He tells us of his meetings with families, with whom he found relaxation from the gloom and with whom he became very friendly. He also describes how the people faithfully continued to follow their traditional Japanese customs and culture, the observance of which he believes sustained them and helped them begin their ultimate recovery.<|endoftext|>Walden Farms
Dal 1972 l'azienda e' leader nella produzione di alimenti sani, da ben tre generazioni mantiene i piu' alti standard qualitativi, ricercando sempre nuovi deliziosi sapori tra i quali condimenti poveri di grassi e carboidrati e a ridottissimo contenuto calorico (contengono almeno il 30% in meno rispetto a prodotti simili).<|endoftext|>Frasi su Conoscenza
Raccolta di 639 aformismi e citazioni su conoscenza scritte da autori come Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, Socrate, Aristotele e tanti altri
La conoscenza è l'atto di sapere i fatti e le cose che sono successi, succedono e accadranno. Conoscere significa sapere ed aver appreso appieno l'essenza delle cose e della realtà in cui viviamo. Conoscenza significa anche aver fatto esperienza. Leggi di seguito le migliori frasi sulla conoscenza.
L'ultima citazione su conoscenza è di Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz ed è stata inserita Mercoledì 18 maggio
Da quando esistono gli uomini, e questi leggono Lautréamont, tutto è stato detto e pochi sono giunti a trarne beneficio Siccome le nostre conoscenze sono in sé banali, possono solo avvantaggiare gli spiriti che non lo sono
E'filosofi ed e'teologi e tutti gli altri che scrivono le cose sopra natura o che non si veggono, dicono mille pazzie ; perché in effetto gli uomini sono al bujo delle cose, e questa indagazione ha servito e serve piú a esercitare gli ingegni che a trovare...
Lo studio è come la luce che illumina la tenebra dell'ignoranza, e la conoscenza che ne risulta è il supremo possesso, perché non potrà esserci tolto neanche dal più abile dei ladri. Lo studio è l'arma che elimina quel nemico che è l'ignoranza. È anche...
Fermare la diffusione del sapere è uno strumento di controllo per il potere perché conoscere è saper leggere, interpretare, verificare di persona e non fidarsi di quello che ti dicono. La conoscenza ti fa dubitare. Soprattutto del potere. Di ogni potere.
Molte volte aveva sentito di come rabbini, professori e studiosi si insultassero a vicenda dandosi dell'analfabeta e della testa di rapa. Per quanto a fondo un uomo possa aver studiato, c'è sempre un altro che lo schernisce.<|endoftext|>FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUTTER ANALYSIS
This chapter is essentially divided into two parts. In §§ 6.1-6.6 the flutter of a cantilever wing having a straight elastic axis is treated under the assumption of quasi-steady aerodynamic derivatives. In §§ 6.7-12, the quasi-steady assumption is removed, and the analysis is based on the linearized thin-airfoil theory. This division is necessary because the results of the unsteady airfoil theory are so complicated that a great deal of numerical work is required in the solution, and the main analytical features are masked by the calculative complications. On the other hand, the quasi-steady assumption introduces such great simplifications that one will have no difficulty in carrying through a detailed analysis explicitly. Furthermore, the unsteady airfoil theory, as outlined in Chapters 13-15, is quite elaborate. Therefore it seems advantageous to use the quasisteady theory as an introduction.
Although the quasi-steady assumption is used here chiefly as an introduction, the results so obtained may find practical applications for low – speed airplanes. To present a greater variety of methods of attack, Galerkin’s method, as applied to flutter analysis by Grossman,613 is used in the first part, whereas the method of generalized coordinates is used in the second part. The advantage of Galerkin’s method is its direct relationship with the partial differential equations of motion. It is a natural extension of the approach used in § 1.10 for torsion-flexure oscillation of a cantilever beam. The main mathematical feature of the method, particularly in the first
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is a synonymous term for God. He who has the six attributes, viz., Jnana (wisdom), Vairagya (dispassion), Yasas (fame), Aisvarya (divine powers), Sri (wealth) and Dharma (righteousness) in their fullest measure is Bhagavan.
According to Vayu Purana, "Omniscience, satisfaction, eternal knowledge, independence, constant presence of power, infinity of power-these six are said to be the aspects (Angas) of the Great Lord."
Sarvajnatva (omniscience, knowledge of all the worlds, their Jivas and their Karmas), Sarvesvaratva (supreme rulership of all, the power of dispensing the fruits of all Jivas), Sarvantaryamitva (inner control of all names and forms and all Indriyas and minds), Sarvakaranatva (causality for the creation, preservation and destruction of all), Sarvaniyantritva (doing everything without failure of Niyama), Sarvakartritva (the doing of all actions), Sarvasaktimatva (omnipotence), Svatantratva (absolute independence) are the eight attributes of God.
"Knowledge, desireless, power of control, purificatory action, truth, forgiveness, endurance, creation, the Knowledge of the Self, and being the substratum of all activities-these ten unchangeable (Avyaya) qualities always live in the Great Source of all Good."
Srishti (creation), Sthiti (preservation), Samhara (destruction), Tirodhana (veiling) and Anugraha (blessing) are the five kinds of action (Panchakrityas) of God.
God is the Niyamaka (ruler), Antaryamin (knower of the heart) and Preraka (prompter) also. He helps the Sadhakas in a variety of ways, viz., through dreams, the Inner Voice, by talking through the mouths of others in daily conversations and advice from friends.
Nitya Sukha (eternal bliss), Parama Santi (supreme peace), Nitya Tripti (eternal satisfaction), infinite happiness, Akhanda Sukha (unbroken joy) can be had only in God. Attain this God-consciousness or Self-realisation or Darshana of God through Ananya Bhakti or Vichara. This is the goal of life. This is your highest duty. All other duties are secondary.
The essence of Indriyas is the mind; the essence of mind is Buddhi; the essence of Buddhi is Ahankara; the essence of Ahankara is Jiva (the individual soul). Brahman or Suddha Chaitanya is the womb or Yoni or Adhishthana or substratum for everything. He is the Sakshi or witness of everything.
Atman is the proprietor of a big firm, this mental factory. Buddhi is the manager. Mind is the head clerk. The head clerk has got two functions to perform. He gets direct orders from the manager and he has to supervise the workmen also. Even so, the mind has got two functions. It has connections with the Buddhi, the manager and Karma-Indriyas, the workers.
Mind is more internal than speech. Buddhi (intellect) is more internal than the mind. Ahankara is more internal than Buddhi. Jiva Chaitanya (Abhasa, reflected intelligence) is more internal than Ahankara. Atman or Kutastha is more internal than the Jiva Chaitanya. There is nothing internal to Atman. It is Paripurna (All-Full).
When, by analysing your own mind, you come face to face with something which is never destroyed, something which is by its own nature eternally pure, perfect, self-luminous and unchanging, you will no longer be miserable, no more unhappy.
One Essence only exists. It is One without a second (Ekameva Advitiyam Brahma). It is Ananta, spotless, ever pure and Paripurna. Meditate upon It without fluctuation of mind and free yourself from all pains with true calmness of mind. Being quite unreal, Ahankara will perish through efforts.
Proof For The Existence Of Mind
What is the nature of the Atman or Brahman? It is Sat-Chit-Ananda. Atman is Vyapaka. Then, what is it that limits the individual soul's vision? It is only mind. This fact proves the existence of an internal instrument, the mind.
In the commentary on the Brihadaranyaka, Sri Sankara gives two proofs of the existence of Manas.
One is that it is Manas which renders all knowledge through senses possible. It is called Sarva Karma Vishaya Yoga. Sense-knowledge is the product of the connection between the mind and the sensory organs. That is why there is no simultaneity of the knowledge of the impressions received through the various sensory organs. People say, "My mind was elsewhere. I did not see that." The impossibility of this simultaneity of knowledge through various sensory organs is an indication of the existence of the mind.
The soul is a constant factor. Between the Atman and the organs of senses, a connecting link is necessary. We have to acknowledge the existence of an internal organ (Mind), through whose attention and non-attention, perception takes place. If we do not admit the internal organ, there would result either perpetual perception or perpetual non-perception-the former when there is a conjunction of Atman, the sense (Indriya) and the object (Vishaya), the three constituting the instruments of perception. If, on the conjunction of these three causes, the effect did not follow, there would take place perpetual non-perception. But, neither is the case. We have, therefore, to acknowledge the existence of an internal organ on whose attention (Avadhana) and non-attention (Anavadhana) perception and non-perception take place. This is the argument for the existence of Antahkarana or mind.
The other proof is the capacity for judgment which we possess. Somebody whom we cannot see touches us; and, we infer the person. Now, mere touch cannot make us aware of this fact. The faculty by which we make such an inference is Manas.
Special Knowledge That Differentiates
Man From Animal
An animal is not able to "know itself." It has only physical consciousness. It has no self-consciousness. An animal feels the discomfort and pain. It is not able to analyse its own mental states. A man not only "knows", but he "knows that he knows." This is either mental consciousness or self-consciousness. The man not only "feels" or "senses" things, but he has words to express his feelings and sensations. He can vividly describe his feelings. He may think of himself as experiencing them. He can separate himself from the sensation of feeling. He is able to think, "I feel; I hear; I see; I smell; I taste; I desire; I act; I enjoy,"
"I know this book." "I know also that I know this book." This is self-consciousness peculiar to human beings only.
In the Police Station, the Chaprasi (peon) strikes ten at the gate. The sound vibrates and passes into the ears of men and animals. The animals also hear ten times the beating. But the man counts them and knows through his Buddhi, "Now it is ten o'clock." He has got this Visesha Jnana (special knowledge); whereas animals have got Samanya Jnana (ordinary knowledge). It is this special knowledge that differentiates a man from an animal. Ahara (food), Nidra (sleep), Bhaya (fear) and Maithuna (copulation) are common to both. Through this Visesha Jnana he knows right from wrong, good from bad, what to do (Kartavya) and what not to do (Akartavya).
The Four Sources Of Knowledge
Inspiration, revelation, insight, intuition, ecstasy, divine sight and Paramananda state are the seven planes of knowledge. There are four sources of knowledge, viz., instinct, reason, intuition and super-intuition or Brahma-Jnana.
When an ant crawls in your right arm, the left arm automatically moves towards the right arm to drive away the ant. The mind does not reason there. When you see a scorpion in front of your leg, you withdraw your leg automatically. This is termed instinctive or automatic movement. As you cross a street, how instinctively you move your body to save yourself from the cars! There is no Vritti in such mechanical movement.
Instinct is found in animals and birds. In birds, the ego does not interfere with the free divine flow and divine play. Hence the work done by them through their instincts is more perfect than that done by human beings. Have you not noticed the excellent work done by birds in their building of wonderful nests?
Reason is higher than instinct and is found only in human beings. It collects facts, generalises, reasons out from cause to effect, from effect to cause (a priori and a posteriori methods of reasoning), from premises to conclusions, from propositions to proofs. It concludes, decides and comes to judgment. It takes you safely to the door of intuition and leaves you there.
Belief, reasoning, knowledge and faith are the four important psychic processes. First you have belief in a doctor. You go to him for diagnosis and treatment. He makes a thorough examination and then prescribes certain medicines. You take them. You reason out: "Such and such is the disease. The doctor has given me Iron and Iodide. Iron will improve my blood. The Iodide will stimulate the lymphatics and absorb the exudation and growth in the liver. So I should take it." Then the disease is cured, by a course of these drugs, in a month. Then you get knowledge of and perfect faith in the efficacy of the medicine and the proficiency of the doctor. Then you recommend to your friends this doctor and his drugs.
Intuition is spiritual Anubhava. Knowledge through functioning of Karana-Sarira is intuition. Sri Aurobindo calls it super-mind or supramental consciousness. There is direct perception of truth (Pratyaksha) or immediate knowledge through Samadhi. You know things by a flash. Professor Bergson preached about intuition in France to make the people understand that there is another higher source of knowledge than intellect. In intuition, there is no reasoning process at all. It is Pratyaksha. Intuition transcends reason, but does not contradict it. Intellect takes a man to the door of intuition and returns back. Intuition is Divyadrishti. It is Jnana-Chakshus. Spiritual flashes and glimpses of truth come through intuition. Inspiration, revelation, spiritual insight come through intuition.
Atma-Jnana is above intuition. It transcends the Karana-Sarira. It is the highest form of Knowledge. It is the only Reality.
Mind And Body
Body, The Mould For Mind's Enjoyment
The body with its organs is no other than the mind. The physical body is the outward manifestation of the mind. Mind is the subtle form of this physical body. The mind contemplating upon the body becomes the body itself and then, enmeshed in it, is afflicted by it. All the bodies have their seat in the mind only. Should the mind be paralysed, then the body will not evince our intelligence. Without water, can a garden exist? It is the mind which transacts all business and is the highest of the bodies. Mental actions are the real actions. The mind performs all actions very speedily in the Linga Sarira and fluctuates thereby. But, the gross body knows not anything and is inert. Even should this gross body be dissolved, the mind will assume fresh bodies to its liking very quickly. This physical body is the mould, as it were, made by the mind for its own enjoyment, for its outpouring of its energy and thereby gaining different experiences of this world through the five avenues or channels of knowledge, the five Jnana-Indriyas (organs of knowledge or perception).
Thoughts Make The Body
The actions of the mind alone are indeed actions; not so much those of the body. The body is really our thoughts, moods, convictions and emotions objectivised, made visible to the naked eyes. It is a point worthy to note with care that every cell in the body suffers or grows, receives a life-impulse or a death-impulse, from every thought that enters the mind, for you tend to grow into the image of that which you think about most.
When the mind is turned to a particular thought and dwells on it, a definite vibration of matter is set up and often more of this vibration is caused, the more does it tend to repeat itself to become a habit, to become automatic. The body follows the mind and imitates its changes. If you concentrate your thought, the eyes become fixed.
Every change in thought makes a vibration in your mental body and this, when transmitted to the physical body, causes activity in the nervous matter of your brain. This activity in the nervous cells causes many electrical and chemical changes in them. It is thought-activity which causes these changes.
Face: An Index Of Mind
Mind is the subtle form of this physical body. The physical body is the outward manifestation of the mind. So when the mind is rough, the body is rough too. As a man of rough appearance generally cannot invoke love and mercy of others, so a rough-minded man cannot invoke love and mercy of anybody. Mind very conspicuously reflects on the face its various states which a man of intelligence can very easily read. Face is an index of the mind, just as the tongue is an index of the stomach.
The body follows the mind. If the mind thinks of falling from a height, the body prepares itself immediately and shows external signs. Fear, anxiety, grief, cheerfulness, hilarity, anger-all produce their various impressions on the face.
The eyes which represent the windows of the soul bespeak of the condition and state of the mind. There is a telegraphic instrument in the eyes to transmit the messages or thoughts of treachery, cunningness, fraud, pure love, compassion, devotion, depression, gloom, hatred, cheerfulness, peace, harmony, health, power, strength and beauty.
If you have the faculty to read the eyes of others, you can read the mind at once. You can read the uppermost thought or dominant thought of a man if you are careful to mark the signs in his face, conversation and behaviour. It needs a little pluck, acumen, training, intelligence and experience.
Your thoughts, sentiments, modes and emotions produce their strong impressions on the face. The face is like an advertisement board wherein is advertised what is going on inside the mind. In face, you can hardly hide your thoughts. You may foolishly think that you have kept up your thoughts in secret. Thoughts of lust, greed, jealousy, anger, revenge, hatred, etc., at once produce their deep impressions on your face. The face is a faithful recorder and a sensitive registering apparatus to register and record all the thoughts that are running in your mind. The face is a polished mirror to indicate the nature of the mind and its contents at a particular time.
He who thinks that he can hide his thoughts is a dunce of the first water. His position is like that of the ostrich which, when chased by the hunters, hides its head underneath the sand and imagines that it cannot be seen by anyone.
Your face is like a gramophone record or plate. Whatever you think is at once written on your face. Every vicious thought serves as a chisel or needle to write down the thoughts on your countenance. Your faces are covered with the scars and wounds which are made by the vicious thoughts of hatred, anger, lust, jealousy, revenge, etc. From the nature of the scar in your face, I can at once read your state of mind. I can at once diagnose your disease of the mind.
Mutual Influence Between Mind And Body
The mind is intimately connected with the body. The mind acts upon the body and the body reacts upon the mind. Mind has influence over the body. A pure, healthy mind means a healthy body. Grief in the mind weakens the body. Body influences the mind also in its turn. If the body is strong and healthy, the mind also becomes healthy and strong. If the body is sick, the mind also becomes sick. A pain in the stomach causes depression in the mind.
Bad Thoughts, The Primary Cause Of Disease
The primary cause of diseases which afflict the body is bad thoughts. Whatever you hold in your mind will be produced in the physical body. Any ill-feeling or bitterness towards another person will at once affect the body and produce some kind of disease in the body. Intense passion, hatred, longstanding bitter jealousy, corroding anxiety, fits of hot temper actually destroy the cells of the body and induce disease of the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and stomach. Violent fits of hot temper do serious damage to the brain cells, throw poisonous chemical products into the blood, produce general shock and depression and suppress the secretion of gastric juice, bile and other digestive juices in the alimentary canal, drain away your energy, vitality, induce premature old age and shorten life.
When the mind is agitated, then this body also is agitated. Wherever the body goes, the mind follows. When both the body and mind are agitated, the Prana flows in a wrong direction. Instead of pervading the whole body steadily and equally, it will vibrate at an unequal rate (unrhythmically). Then the food is not digested properly. Diseases originate. If the primary cause is removed, then all diseases will disappear.
The pains that afflict the physical body are called secondary diseases, whilst the Vasanas that affect the mind are termed mental or primary diseases. If bad thoughts are destroyed, all bodily diseases will vanish. Purity of mind means healthy body. Therefore, be careful in your thinking, in the selection of your thoughts. Always entertain noble, sublime, loving and kind thoughts. You will have harmony, health and beauty.
A Lamentable Practice
It is lamentable, indeed, to note that most of the doctors in the world, particularly the allopaths, do more harm than good to their patients. They exaggerate the nature of the disease to their patients. They fill their minds with imaginary fears of all sorts. They do not know the power of suggestions and their influences on the minds of their patients. As greed is ingrained in their minds, as the desire to become rich is deep-rooted in their minds, they try their level best to extract from their patients as much money as they can. If they say to their patients, "This disease is nothing. I will make you all right within a couple of hours," who is going to pay them amply? They give wrong suggestions to their patients: "This is a terrible disease. This is an incurable disease. A dangerous poison, a dangerous microbe is lurking in your lungs." The poor patient spends sleepless nights on account of imaginary fear, on account of wrong suggestion given by the doctor. Every moment he thinks: "I may die at any moment. The doctor has said that my disease is dangerous and incurable." He drags a cheerless existence. The worry and anxiety and fear destroy millions of red blood-corpuscles
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�吐疾病需要立即检查，然后用药物治疗。
宝宝呕吐吃什么中药
1.如果宝宝只吐牛奶，最好用1-2片生姜，加水，煮5分钟，给孩子喂两口没有明显甜味的温生姜水。饮用几次后，牛奶呕吐会明显减少或减轻。更换奶粉后也会出现呕吐现象。这种品牌的婴儿奶粉可能不适合婴儿。最好再试一次。
2.如果呕吐是由消化不良引起的，最好去药店购买宝宝的健胃、消化吸收药。如果婴儿呕吐不太严重，他可以多餐喂少量糖和盐水。比例大约是一大杯温开水，一小匙盐和2大汤匙糖上下；或者给孩子一些益生菌颗粒来改善胃肠功能，改善婴儿自身的胃肠功能。如果呕吐严重，应立即去医院治疗。
婴儿呕吐的医疗护理
1.保持呼吸系统通畅
呕吐严重时，排泄物可能会从鼻孔喷出。父母需要立即清除鼻孔中的异物，以保持呼吸系统的畅通。如果婴儿站着或躺在床上时出现呕吐，首先让婴儿身体前倾或保持侧卧姿势，使排泄物易于排出，婴儿不会吸入排泄物，以防止心室呼吸或吸入性肺炎。当婴儿再次呕吐时，可以在婴儿床前放置一个面盆，以便使用。
2.清淡食物
没有必要急于让婴儿吃东西。呕吐的最佳解决方案是暂时避免进食四到六个小时，包括沸水和牛奶，并等待呕吐反映过去。只需每隔10~15分钟给宝宝一点淡盐水或淡糖水，也可以稀释后给宝宝一点果汁饮料，只需少量多餐。
3.保持口腔清洁
呕吐后，口腔中会有一些胃液、消化吸收和未消化的食物残渣。刺鼻的气味会使婴儿更不舒服。因此，对于年幼的婴儿，父母可以用湿砂布蘸沸水清洁口腔；大宝宝可以用温水漱口以保持口腔清洁。
4.辅助药品
有些止吐药需要在饭前30分钟服用。当你生病时，一些药物如咳嗽药和流鼻涕药可以吃，但不能吃。有些药物如抗生素必须按照医生的指示服用。如果你在服药后30分钟内呕吐很多，你需要再服一剂；如果你在30分钟到1小时内呕吐，你可以补充半次剂量。
5.温度测量
量一下婴儿的体温，看看婴儿是否发烧。注意保持室内气体的新鲜度。你可以用一条凉的湿棉布毛巾擦拭宝宝的脸，让他感觉新鲜。
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Uzun ve sağlıklı yaşamın sırrı
Yaşlanmayı durdurmak imkansız ama daha uzun ve sağlıklı bir yaşam sürmek bizim elimizde. Bunun için de hayatımıza bazı kurallar koymalı ve bu kurallar dahilinde hareket etmeliyiz. O zaman güne bu kurallardan birini koyarak başlamaya ne dersiniz? Her gün düzenli bir şekilde en az yarım saat yürüyün. Bunun hem zihninize hem de bedeninize faydasını hemen fark edeceksiniz.
Yürümek neden mi önemli?
Yaşlandığımızda ayaklarımız daima güçlü kalmalıdır.
Bir erkek yaşlandığında saçlarının beyazlaşmasından (veya) cildinin sarkmasından (veya) kırışmasından korkmamalıdır.
Uzun ömürlülüğün belirtileri arasında, ABD dergisi "Prevention" tarafından özetlendiği üzere, güçlü bacak kasları listenin başında yer alıyor.
Bacaklarınızı iki hafta hareket ettirmeyin, bacak gücünüz 10 yıl azalır.
Danimarka'daki Kopenhag Üniversitesi'nden yapılan bir araştırma, iki haftalık hareketsizlik sırasında hem yaşlı hem de genç bacak kas gücünün üçte bir oranında zayıfladığını ve bu da 20-30 yıllık yaşlanmaya eşdeğer olduğunu buldu.
Bacak kaslarınız zayıfladıkça, rehabilitasyon egzersizlerini daha sonra yapsanız bile iyileşmeniz uzun zaman alacaktır.
Bu nedenle yürüyüş gibi düzenli egzersiz yapmak çok önemlidir.
Tüm vücut basıncı bacaklarınızdadır.
- Ayak, insan vücudunun yükünü taşıyan direktir. Bir kişinin kemiklerinin% 50'si ve kasların% 50'si iki bacaktadır.
İnsan vücudunun en büyük ve en güçlü eklem ve kemikleri de bacaklardadır.
"Güçlü kemikler, güçlü kaslar ve esnek eklemler, insan vücudundaki en önemli yükü taşıyan" Demir Üçgeni "oluşturur."
İnsan faaliyetinin yüzde 70'i ve kişinin hayatındaki enerjinin yakılması, iki ayak tarafından yapılır.
Bunu biliyor muydunuz?
Bir insan gençken, bacakları küçük bir arabayı kaldıracak kadar güçlüdür!
- Ayak, vücut hareketinin merkezidir.
Her iki bacak birlikte insan vücudundaki sinirlerin yüzde 50'sine, kan damarlarının yüzde 50'sine ve içlerinden akan kanın yüzde 50'sine sahiptir. Vücudu birbirine bağlayan büyük dolaşım ağıdır.
Sadece ayaklar sağlıklı olduğunda, kanın geleneksel akışı sorunsuz çalışır, bu nedenle güçlü bacak kaslarına sahip kişiler kesinlikle güçlü bir kalbe sahip olurlar.
- Yaşlanma ayaklardan yukarıya doğru başlar.
Kişi yaşlandıkça, beyin ve bacaklar arasındaki talimatların aktarımının doğruluğu ve hızı, bir kişinin gençliğinden farklı olarak azalır.
Ek olarak, Kemik gübresi Kalsiyum denen şey zaman geçtikçe er ya da geç kaybolacak ve bu da yaşlıları Kemik kırılmalarına daha yatkın hale getirecektir.
Yaşlılarda kırıklar, bir dizi hastalığı, özellikle beyin trombozu gibi ölümcül hastalıkları kolayca tetikler.
Yaşlı hastaların yüzde 15'inin uyluk kemiği kırılmasının ardından bir yıl içinde öleceğini biliyor musunuz?
Bacak egzersizi yapmak 60 yaşından sonra bile asla geç değildir
Ayaklarımız zamanla yavaş yavaş yaşlansa da ayaklarımızı egzersiz yapmak ömür boyu sürecek bir iştir. Kişi sadece bacakları güçlendirerek daha fazla yaşlanmayı önleyebilir.
Bacaklarınızın yeterli egzersiz yapmasını sağlamak ve bacak kaslarınızın Sağlıklı kalmasını sağlamak için lütfen günde en az 30-40 dakika yürüyün.<|endoftext|>（吉隆坡12日讯）行动党振林山区候任国会议员林吉祥说，丹斯里里察马兰尊被委任为第一个来自沙巴与砂拉越的联邦法院首席大法官，是迟来但重要的里程碑，以恢复宪法完整和正当并促进国民团结。
他说，里察马兰尊是我国联邦法院最资深的法官，比联邦法院前首席大法官丹斯里莫哈末劳勿斯及上诉庭前主席丹斯里祖基菲里阿末更资深。
“里察马兰尊作为联邦法院法官的资历，比劳勿斯和祖基菲里多6年，因为他们皆在2011年9月，才晋升为联邦法院法官。”
林吉祥今日发文告指出，延长劳勿斯和祖基菲里的任期不仅违反宪法，也影响至少8名联邦法院法官的晋升机会和前景，包括3名女法官，同时否决里察马兰尊被委任为首席大法官的机会。
“去年7月14日，在美里东林举行的行动党晚宴上，我曾呼吁委任里察马兰尊为联邦法院首席大法官。”
他说，里察马兰尊是首个被委为高庭法官的沙巴土著。2005年，52岁的他也是第一个晋升为上诉庭法官和国内最高法院的联邦法院法官的沙巴人。
“2006年7月26日，里察马兰尊晋升为东马高等法院第四任首席法官的首位沙巴人，这个职位曾分别由来自英国、马来西亚半岛和砂拉越的法官担任。”
↓↓相关新闻↓↓<|endoftext|>Safe mode starts Windows with a limited set of files and drivers. Startup programs do not run in safe mode, and only the basic drivers needed to start Windows are installed.
Safe mode is useful for troubleshooting problems with programs and drivers that might not start correctly, or that might prevent Windows from starting correctly. If a problem does not reappear when you start in safe mode, you can eliminate the default settings and basic device drivers as possible causes. If a recently installed program, device, or driver prevents Windows from running correctly, you can start your computer in safe mode and then remove the program that is causing the problem.
How to Enter Safe Mode in Windows XP, Vista and 7
Remove all floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs from your computer, and then restart your computer.
Do one of the following:
If your computer has a single operating system installed, press and hold the F8 key as your computer restarts. You need to press F8 before the Windows logo appears. If the Windows logo appears, you will need to try again by waiting until the Windows logon prompt appears, and then shutting down and restarting your computer.
If your computer has more than one operating system, use the arrow keys to highlight the operating system you want to start in safe mode, and then press F8.
On the Advanced Boot Options screen, use the arrow keys to highlight the safe mode option you want, and then press ENTER. For more information about options, see various boot options below
Log on to your computer with a user account that has administrator rights.
When your computer is in safe mode, you’ll see the words Safe Mode in the corners of the display. To exit safe mode, restart your computer and let Windows start normally.
With the Windows Startup Settings screen (formerly advanced boot options) you can start Windows in different advanced troubleshooting modes so you can find and fix problems on your PC. In previous versions of Windows, you could get to this screen by pressing F8 before Windows started up. Windows 8 PCs start up quickly so there’s not enough time to press F8.
There are two ways to get to the Windows Startup Settings screen in Windows 8 :
Or, if you’re already signed in:
Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, tap Settings, and then tap Change PC settings.
(If you’re using a mouse, point to the upper-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer down, click Settings, and then click Change PC settings.)
Under PC settings, tap or click General.
Under Advanced startup, tap or click Restart now.
On the Choose an option screen, tap or click Troubleshoot.
Tap or click Startup Settings.
Tap or click Restart.
On the Startup Settings screen, choose the startup setting you want.
Sign in to your PC with a user account that has administrator rights.
Some options, such as safe mode, start Windows in a limited state where only essential programs are started. Other options start Windows with advanced features (typically used by system admins and IT professionals). For more info, go to the Microsoft website for IT professionals.
Various Boot Options for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 8.1:
Starts Windows in an advanced troubleshooting mode intended for IT professionals and system administrators.
Enable Boot Logging
Creates a file, ntbtlog.txt, that lists all the drivers that are installed during startup and that might be useful for advanced troubleshooting.
Enable low-resolution video (640×480)
Starts Windows using your current video driver and using low resolution and refresh rate settings. You can use this mode to reset your display settings.
Starts Windows with a minimal set of drivers and services. If a problem doesn’t reappear when you start in safe mode, you can eliminate the default settings and basic device drivers and services as possible causes.
Safe Mode with Networking
Starts Windows in safe mode and includes the network drivers and services needed to access the Internet or other computers on your network.
Safe Mode with Command Prompt
Starts Windows in safe mode with a Command Prompt window instead of the usual Windows interface. This option is intended for IT professionals and administrators.
Disable driver signature enforcement
Allows drivers containing improper signatures to be installed.
Disable early launch antimalware protection
Prevents the early launch antimalware driver from starting, allowing drivers that might contain malware to be installed.
Disable automatic restart after failure
Prevents Windows from automatically restarting if an error causes Windows to fail. Choose this option only if Windows is stuck in a loop where Windows fails, tries to restart, and fails again repeatedly.
Directory Services Restore Mode
Starts Windows domain controller running Active Directory so that the directory service can be restored. This option is intended for IT professionals and administrators.
Copyright © 1998 - 2022 | Millennium Microsystems<|endoftext|>These principles of healing are the foundation for the systematic, streamlined, efficient method for the curative system at Holistic Natural Medicine. Please take the time to read them to gain an understanding of the thought process that is used in assessing and treating chronic illness
- Any disease that is created within the body…can be healed by the body…if given the ideal internal/cellular/energetic environment conducive to healing.
- All true healing is ultimately self-healing. Any improvements in health that come from being treated at HNM (Holistic Natural Medicine) are due to the patient’s own self-healing response being triggered. HNM does not focus on treating the disease, but focusing on what is needed to awaken the natural self-healing mechanism inside the patient. You need to correct the metabolic imbalances that led the body in the wrong direction.
- When this self-healing/self-repair mechanism is awakened, even after decades of being severely ill, we have seen patients make miraculous recoveries.
- The body is designed to always move towards health…if given the appropriate stimulation and kept free from disease causing factors.
- With extremely rare exceptions, this self-healing response can be achieved using strictly natural, drug-free methods that have been provided by God/Nature and available to mankind for thousands of years.
- These natural healing methods include: Assessing the patient for fully functional detox pathways (Liver, Kidneys, Bowels), Correcting any nutritional deficiencies, verifying proper absorption reestablishing gut flora, enzymatic balance and metabolic function. Establishing correct PH balance and proper energy production. Checking the circulation and energetic flow throughout the body-eliminating blockages and stagnation
So the basic premise we follow is that the body is not only capable of healing itself, but has a natural, built-in instinct to move towards health if given the appropriate stimulation and environment.
We believe that the body is intelligent by design.
While this principle is not new, it is not agreed upon by many in the healthcare field. Many people believe the body is not capable of proper functioning without the use of pharmaceutical drugs.
We do believe that everything has its proper place, including pharmaceutical drugs when they are needed. But it seems that in our culture almost everyone above 40 years of age is expected to be on some type of drug or else their body will not be capable of function. If you look around you’ll notice that this insane belief is slowly being conditioned into our belief system as a society.
Even more disturbing to us is the movement to push medications onto our children. Yes some of these medications are necessary…but a vast majority are not, and many of these cases can be remedied using natural means.
Now that we’ve established the guiding principle behind our style of medicine, that the body will naturally move from a state of illness towards health if given the appropriate internal environment, two questions then arise:
- What are the causes of disease?
- What constitutes the ideal internal environment conducive to self-healing?
These two questions are presented together because the answer to the first one leads to the answer of the second one. The causes of disease must be removed in order for the ideal healing environment to take place.<|endoftext|>For Daniel Alexander Jones, inspiration for Duat has come from many different aspects of culture and history. We asked Daniel to give us a list of some of the things that inspired this play. We are presenting them here in a series we call Details of Duat. Up first are those beloved PBS childrens’ television shows from the 1970s and early 1980s.
Since its inception, PBS has been airing educational programming for young children with the promise that their content will be both fun and engaging. In the ‘70s and ‘80s, two shows aired that serve as inspiration for certain sections of Duat; The Electric Company and 3-2-1 Contact. The former was focused on literacy while the latter was created to make science fun for kids.
In a New York Times article from 1983, Dr. Edward Atkins, the director of content for 3-2-1 Contact, said, “We hope to plant the seed of curiosity, to make children assert their curiosity about how things work and why, and to discover the excitement of science. Then they are ready to go back to their teachers to ask questions, and, we hope, to want to keep learning more.”
As audiences will see with Duat, especially in the third section of the work, these ideas about making education visual and fun and non-didactic are what the work draws from. Also relevant is the 1970s palette of visual inspiration found in these shows. Just listen to the amazing opening theme of 3-2-1 CONTACT below. There’s more than a bit of Duat in it…
This desire to “plant the seed of curiosity” can also be felt in The Electric Company, which debuted in 1971 and is still on the air today. With songs that drew inspiration from the funk and disco of the ‘70s, the performers on The Electric Company taught children about the magic of words and language, another key element of Duat. In the clip below you will notice that the ensemble is singing and dancing in a library, and the whole clip espouses the importance of libraries at a rather turbulent time in America’s history; another Duat overlap.
These shows
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working conditions need to change, with flexible hours, more rest time and changes to the physical environment. Mobility can be an issue especially in doing simple transfers say from bed to sitting. An assessment of the environment by an occupational therapist may help enable a person to get around any disabling issues.
Sexuality can also be an issue. Find out more about sex and disability.
Last reviewed: November 2016<|endoftext|>Posted with permission from
by Shelley Bluejay Pierce
Saturday, 31 May 2008
These famous words from the 1776 Declaration of Independence sound good in theory but in actuality, at the time they were written, the evident truth was that only a select few humans were deemed “equal.”
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Equality did not include black slaves, most certainly was not bestowed upon the “heathen, savage, Indians” and did not include women or other minorities. Perhaps more accurately, the “self-evident” matter of equality for all human beings was a decision made by a small minority of European immigrants to this new land.
The actual definition of the term, self-evident is, “Evident without need of proof or explanation.”
The legal definition of the term unalienable is, “The state of a thing or right which cannot be sold….The natural rights of life and liberty are unalienable.”
As the founders of this new government began to set in motion the legal bulwark for the United States of America, they created such guiding documents as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitutional Amendments. As these lofty goals for the new union were set upon paper, perhaps these men were seeing what the future held for this country rather than the actualities of the time they lived in. For if in fact, these new leaders truly lived in accordance with these new guidelines, they would not have behaved in the ways that they did or treated their fellow human beings in the manner that history recounts.
If it were truly “self-evident” that such things as the natural world and all that was dwelling within or upon it could not be bought or sold due to its being an “unalienable” right as the very source for all of mankind’s survival, then the stealing and mass “ownership” mentality would not have prevailed. The ravaging of these new lands, long inhabited by the Indigenous people, would not have occurred and the abuse of the natural resources would not have proliferated.
If “all men are created equal” then the mass genocide of millions of original occupants to this land would not have been allowed. The decimation of entire cultures and thefts of the lands they dwelled upon for centuries would have not occurred because the original authors of this text would have seen that the land itself was an unalienable right, not for sale or transfer, because it was the land itself that offered the human race its means for survival.
The pervasive attitude carried by this European culture was one of “taming the wilderness.” Those inhabitants who had lived in harmony with these lands were forced off of them or annihilated so that “modern and civilized” expansion could take place. Perhaps in truth, the European mindset was nothing more than a grand opportunity to perpetuate all the destructive behaviors that had surrounded these people prior to them leaving Europe in the first place. Looking at the ongoing rape and ruination of the lands and natural resources makes it clear that the pervasive mindset has changed little over the last 200 plus years.
Over many decades of internal warfare, foreign wars, upheavals and massacres, we arrive into a new era that brought perhaps the greatest period of change to our United States of America. During the 1960’s and 1970’s, protests and civil unrest boiled over into all segments of the population. The “peace and love” movement grew to monumental levels and such civil rights as those fought for by Dr. Martin Luther King and others gained enormous momentum.
During this period of time there was a demand for change and for the first time ever in this country, true equality and access to those “unalienable rights” was a goal for ALL people, not just a select few. The changing times brought with it, a demand for a cleaner, safer environment that in turn brought the creation of new governmental agencies such as the Federal Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency. Both of these agencies were created to provide protection for all citizens in the United States and for the protection of the environment that sustains them.
The general population placed enormous public pressure upon the government and its leaders. Demanding peace, civil rights and increased environmental protection, the citizens of the USA brought to the forefront, a radical change in the way this country functioned. However, with this blossoming potential for radical change, there festered a dangerous mindset that would take decades to be acknowledged.
With alterations to the status quo came an increased sense of trust and peace of mind within the mindset of the average citizen. Each of us became dependent upon and truly believed that we would be protected by the leadership. We as a people trusted our military and first responders to care for our safety, both as a nation and as individuals, in our times of need. We trusted our new governmental agencies to ensure that we had access to all the unalienable rights such as clean water, safe food supplies, access to safe living conditions and medications to treat our illnesses.
That initial trust grew into a state of what may be more likened to “blind faith.” Failures discovered within this government have previously been responded to so that faults in the system could be addressed and corrected. Over the past decade, we have silently watched as all governing systems have seemingly taken on a life of their own and the enormous impact of its layered deception has brought this country to its knees.
The enormous and cumbersome size of the agencies set in place to “protect” us has become unapproachable even by the most studied citizen. The overwhelming amount of contradictory information available to each person leaves most individuals daunted by the task of being socially aware of the issues. The “information over-load” has hit every sector of this society to the point where the average citizen often chooses to ignore the information coming in from all directions and focuses simply on the personal realm they inhabit each day.
As we look at just one issue, the Iraq war, most of us are incapable of deciphering the facts from the propaganda. We cannot grasp the enormous expenditures involved with this one issue because the monetary figures are incomprehensible to most citizens. Perhaps examining a smaller “bite” of the full plate of issues is necessary for us to clearly see what is happening to us on the broader, national level. If the statement, “the sum of all parts makes up the whole” is true? Then a targeted examination may give us a good snapshot into our country as a whole.
Let’s choose an area of the country that most people assume as a peaceful country setting. There are no mass transit systems and the crime rates are not what you encounter in the large metropolitan cities across the USA. This is a small town consisting of farmers, ranchers, homeowners, shopkeepers and such things as one would expect to find in the mid-section of this country. Wide-open prairie lands, expansive horizons and peaceful surroundings are what brings many occupants to this community.
Zero in on Marty, South Dakota for this targeted investigation. This is a community situated within the boundaries of the Ihanktowan Nation, better known to most people as the Yankton Sioux tribal lands. Like many communities across the USA, there are limited or no zoning restrictions here due to the fact that they have never been required. The land itself and the environment in which the people dwell have dictated the lifestyle and activities of the occupants.
The unimaginable becomes your new daily nightmare if you are a member of this community when the agencies assigned to protect you, actually turn against you. These agencies approve the permits for a new resident moving in amongst you and you find out that your newest “neighbor” is a large, commercial hog farm, which will house as many as 3000 sows and produce as many as 75,000 hogs per year. Commonly referred to as a CAFO operation, (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation) these industrial sized farms are usually located at a distance from human habitation and city services due to their potential impacts upon the “neighbors” and the environment.
We as citizens of the USA have come to “trust” with “blind faith,” that our governing agencies will protect us from harm and ensure a safe environment in which to exist and prosper. However, in this case, the EPA and other agencies have approved this CAFO hog farm even with the knowledge that it will be situated in the midst of human occupation, culturally historic, and environmentally sensitive areas.
Looking at the facts about CAFO’s, documentation abounds detailing the foul smells and the reported higher rates of respiratory problems in people living near large-scale animal operations. Proof exists at all levels regarding the fact that the waste from this many animals harms the environment and human health. Water and ground pollution often occur when the waste containment systems fail or when the CAFO owners gain permission from local farmers to spread the “waste” across their fields as a means of disposing of the tons of manure produced each day. Gently referred to as “free nutrients for your crops,” the overwhelming evidence shows that too much of something is not a good thing. This includes “free nutrients.” According to the 1998 National Water Quality Inventory conducted by the EPA, 30 percent of surveyed rivers, 44 percent of surveyed lakes, and 23 percent of surveyed estuaries were contaminated with unsafe levels of “nutrient” pollution.
Manure from CAFOs may degrade soil quality over time and since heavy metals are often added to animal feed to promote growth in the animals, the manure may carry such things as arsenic, copper, selenium, and zinc. The high concentration of manure in CAFO lagoons often enables heavy metals to accumulate in the surrounding environment which later leaches out into nearby soil, surface waters, invasion of local private wells used for drinking water, poisoning wildlife, and polluting groundwater. The area in which this South Dakota hog farm is located will provide “nutrients” for the Missouri River and all areas downstream due to run-off of surface water. This potentially effects millions of people located a great distance away from this one hog farm.
Additionally, the property values that you as a homeowner depend upon for such things as resale value and home equity loan value plummets. No one wants to buy property in close proximity to a large-scale animal production facility. The land you dreamed of being your little piece of paradise instantly becomes valueless. You fear that no one in leadership is listening to you as you bemoan your recent fate. All you can do as an individual is cry out for justice and protection from the sources you once believed were brought into existence to “protect you” and your unalienable rights to “life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.” All you find is a justice system meant to benefit others but not you, the private citizen.
The question now becomes, “How in the world did we get to this state of being in this country and why is no one listening to me?”
Follow the money trail and you will find, on a much smaller scale, the same problems as we find within the quagmire of the Iraq war and its funding processes. The government allots multi-millions of tax dollars to the rich farm corporations in the form of farm subsidies. The enormous tax funds are directed to those operations which make the biggest money and that includes CAFO’s. Why are these big tax-donated funds important? Why, to care for and repay the MILLIONS of dollars that these special interests group donate to the political campaigns for those officials that will support their causes once in office of course!
Case in point, in the 2006 election year, Agribusiness industries are reported to have contributed $44,732,566.00 to campaigns for elected officials in the USA. The Governor of South Dakota, Mike Rounds, reportedly received $36,250.00 for his 2006 electoral run from the agricultural businesses. Add to this figure all the agribusiness donations given to those Senators and Representatives representing the state where you dwell and you begin to understand why you now have a huge hog farm as a neighbor.
Money talks and bigger money speaks even louder in this country as history proves over and over again. The voice of the small, individual voter and citizen of this country means nothing in the bigger scheme of American politics. As one compares this localized scenario in South Dakota with the enormous Federal issues such as the Iraq war, similar layers of corruption are exposed. The farther up the political “food chain”one progresses, the less aid a single individual gets due to the larger amounts of political leverage gained by the contributions given by these special interests groups like agribusiness.
Lets take a look at some of the background issues surrounding the hog farm in South Dakota:
1) South Dakota Governor, Mike Rounds, cuts the Highway Patrol budget and states that he believes the agency “can get by with a $2 million reduction in its budget.” In early February 2008, a media source leaks a memo detailing how deep these budget cuts would hit the department.
2) One source states that the Highway Patrol budget cuts will take effect immediately and last only one year while another released memo states that the budget cuts will last “indefinitely.” (The citizens AND the Highway Patrol officers are left wondering what part media-spin is truth or fiction of course.)
3) One statement in the press says that this information comes from a written, authorized budget submitted by Governor Rounds but just a few days later, Governor Rounds tells the media that what is circulating was simply his “recommendations” for the upcoming expenditures and not the bottom line decisions. Once this memo was obtained by the media and circulated, Governor Rounds’ media-management team states that the memos were never meant for public circulation and that they were intended only for internal circulation. By February 15, 2008, the internal memos circulating in the State Highway Patrol were called a “miscommunication” by Governor Round’s office. (more media-spin and now the truth is even further from our grasp)
4) State Highway Patrol leadership released guidelines to their officers which I condense here. Startling issues begin to surface with these recommended cuts and leaves the average citizen in the coverage area wondering if there will be ANY response teams available should they need them. “Burning of overtime which will make it difficult to maintain current manpower requirements, especially on Fridays and weekends” is one of the department recommendations. Statements include the fact that there will be no new patrol vehicles purchased during the 2009 budget cycle. Governor Rounds states that troopers must save on gasoline requirements by having more “stationary patrols” where trooper will perform the “stare and glare” law enforcement techniques rather than actively pursue offenders. Other budget cuts will affect training for officers, Troopers will no longer help transport organ, eye or blood donations and search and rescue operations with the highway patrol airplane will be limited. Requests to assist BIA or tribal police with fatal crashes on reservations will be limited. Finally, the department acknowledges that because of these budget cuts, they will “more than likely be criticized by some agencies for their lack of manpower or response to incidents or accidents.” (Now the citizens in the area are really wondering about how safe they truly are in the event of an emergency.)
5) After the facts about this new hog farm came into mainstream media spotlight, Governor Rounds basically stated that he and his office preferred to let “tribal agencies work the issues out.” I am supposing that the Governor has forgotten that not ONLY tribal members are being impacted by this CAFO. The impacts are vast and have the potential to negatively impact many in South Dakota and all the way down the Missouri River.
6) Considering the fact that the South Dakota Highway Patrol is under major budget constraints and are told to limit all extra travel and deployment to scenes other than critical response areas, why did a reported 52 patrol cars roll onto the scene of a peaceful demonstration against the hog farm? Especially since the Highway Patrol leadership stated in their internal memo that, “requests to assist BIA or tribal police with fatal crashes on reservations will be limited.” (this was not a fatal crash, no one was armed with weapons and there were perhaps 50 or so protesters on the site…many of these were minors and children!)
Here is a picture of this small group of hog farm protesters that required 52 law enforcement vehicles (courtesy Yankton Sioux Tribe).
7) The road leading into the property where Longview Farms is building their hog farm has been considered by the Yankton Sioux Tribe and their own law enforcement officers as being under BIA jurisdiction which means that no local or State law enforcement agencies are to deploy there except under extreme circumstances. When construction of the hog farm began in early April, the community attempted to block the completion when the Yankton tribal council passed an exclusion order against Long View Farms, of Hull, Iowa. The BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) was asked to confirm its jurisdiction over the road leading into the hog farm property, which would have denied Longview Farms access to the building site. Even though there was NO FINAL DECISION MADE about the jurisdiction of this road, law enforcement from outside agencies descended en masse upon lands where jurisdiction was still very much in question.
The large mobile unit was a reported SWAT team. To the sides of where this picture was taken, was an entire hillside of patrol cars. This response for a handful of protesters? (photo courtesy of Yankton Sioux Tribe)
8) Several members of the Yankton tribe were arrested, jailed and released on bail money paid by the tribe. They individually have had to seek legal defense and are going through all the legal proceedings for what may turn out to be illegal arrests once the jurisdiction of the road is decided. The BIA, which is funded by taxpayers in the USA, has paid out millions of dollars since 1994 to maintain this very road and added it to its inventory following a signed agreement between all local agencies. However, on May 5, 2008, a commission in Charles Mix County voted to rescind the agreement in response to the BIA’s declaration of ownership. (I guess what we, the US taxpayers think of all this, is null and void?)
9) Go a step further and examine a rough estimate at the costs for this police response to a small group of peaceful protestors gathered along side of a road that is yet to be determined as to WHO has jurisdiction over it! Based on online available figures for average salaries and costs of such things as officers and patrol cars, we find that the average salary for a State highway patrol officer is $30 per hour. Multiplied that by the number of hours required for response, handling, and completion of each assigned duty location. Gasoline costs of $3.85 per gallon based on today’s average price per gallon of fuel across the USA. Add in equipment wear and tear, vehicle tires, radios, uniforms, uniform cleaning, paper used and miscellaneous expenses. Add in the salaries for radio dispatchers, and office staff costs and you have a very rough average of $180.00 for each unit to respond to the scene of a normal, easy-to-handle incident, which averages one hour from dispatch to clearing. That’s $180.00 per hour is for local calls only and does not include extra travel across long distances. This rough average cost multiplied by 52 police units comes to approximately $9,400.00 PER HOUR! SWAT or Mobile units as seen in the picture above are usually presumed to be double that cost due to extra equipment and training for their personnel so add in another $360.00 per hour. Protesters on the scene reported
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yetişkin solucanlarla ilgili olarak hareket eder, bu nedenle, iki hafta sonra tekrarlı uygulama önerilir. Bu süre zarfında yetişkin formu larvadan büyür.
Para nasıl alınır? Tercihen sabahları aç karnına verin. En sevdiğiniz evcil hayvan incelikle karıştırmak için izin verilir. Yavrular için, fonları bir süspansiyon şeklinde kullanabilirsiniz ve tablet ezilir ve su ile karıştırılır. Gerekli miktarda madde bir iğnesi olmayan bir şırıngada toplanır ve köpeğin yanağına dökülür.
Bazı ilaçları kullanırken, ek laksatif kullanımı gereklidir. Solucanlar için bir tabletin uygulanmasından 2-3 saat sonra, ilacın vücudun toksik etkisini azaltan evcil hayvan adsorbanlarınıza vermeniz önerilir.
Bir köpekdeki solucanların tedavisi, önerilen doza sıkı sıkıya bağlı olarak yapılmalıdır. Gözlenmezse yan etki riski artar.
İlaç aldıktan sonra evcil hayvanın davranışını ve durumunu dikkatli bir şekilde izlemeniz gerekir. Eğer kusma ve ishal varsa, hemen bir veterinerle görüşmelisiniz.
Solucanların tekrar gelişmesini önlemek için ne yapılmalı ve ne sıklıkla koruyucu tedavi uygulanmalıdır?
Parazitlerden kurtulmak için, okuyucularımız İntoksik kullanıyorlar. Bu aracın popülaritesini görerek, ilginize sunmaya karar verdik.
Daha fazla bilgi burada...
- Önleyici tedavi, evcil hayvanın sağlığı ile ilgili ciddi sorunlardan kaçınmanıza izin verecektir.
- Köpeklerin çürümesi, 2-3 hafta içerisinde profilaktik aşılamadan önce yapılmalıdır. Hayvana parazit bulaşırsa, bağışıklık sistemi zayıflarsa, vücut aşıya dayanamaz.
- Yılda iki kez muayene için bir köpeğin dışkı almanız önerilir.
- Köpeğin çiftleşmesinden birkaç gün önce antelmintik olmalı.
- Hayvan çiğ etini veya balığını beslemeyin. Bütün yiyecekler özel bir kaba koyulmalı, yere atılmamalıdır.
- Köpeği belirli tür solucanlar taşıyan pire için tedavi ettiğinizden emin olun.
- Bir solucan sokakta başka insanlarla, evcil köpeklerle bile temas etmemelidir.
Bir hayvanda solucanların dikkat ve özenle zehirlenmesi gereklidir. Çoğu ilaçların büyük bir kontrendikasyon listesi vardır. Önerilere uyulmaması durumunda aşırı dozda tehlikeli belirtiler ortaya çıkar.
Türleri insanlar ve onların tezahürüne derialtı solucanlar
Subkutanöz solucan uzun yıllar önce Hindistan'da keşfedilen bir parazittir. Ama bugün, tıp dünyanın her yerinde cildin altına yerleşmiş birkaç çeşit solucan tespit etmiştir. Bu, çeşitli hastalıkları kışkırtır ve eğer bir kişi sağlıklı kalmayı başarırsa, nahoş hissi, tedaviden sonra bile uzun bir süre onu rahatsız eder.
Hangi helmintlerin tartışılacağı hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek için, ana deri altı solucan türlerini, insanlarda varlık belirtilerini ve bunlarla başa çıkmanın daha fazla yolunu düşünmek gerekir.
Dirofilaria ve Morgellons virüsü
Dirofilaria, ilk subkutan helmint türüdür. Bu parazit insanlarda en yaygın olanıdır. Hastalık, solucan bir kişinin derisinin altına girdiğinde, doktorlar dirofilariaziyi çağırır.
Başlangıçta, böyle bir solucan çoğunlukla köpeklerde yaşar. Bir kişi sivrisinek sokması yoluyla bulaşır. Kural olarak, bir sivrisinek bir köpeği ısırır, bir damla enfekte kan yumurtaları alır ve sonra bir insanı ısırır.
Deri altındaki solucanların ortaya çıkmasıyla karakterize edilen bir başka hastalık Morgellon virüsüdür. Sonuna kadar, bugüne kadar üzerinde çalışılmamıştır, ancak doktorlar oybirliğiyle, bağışıklığı en aza indirgenmiş insanları etkilediğini iddia etmektedir.
Ana belirtileri
Hem Morgellon virüsü hem de dirofilariazis, küçük farklılıklar haricinde, tam olarak aynı tezahür belirtilerine sahiptir. Kural olarak, hasta, vücudun belirli bir kısmında, basıldığında, yavaş bir hareket gösterdiği için, derinin kalınlaştığını fark eder. Sadece canlı bir solucanın cildin altında yaşadığını gösterir. Çoğu zaman bazı durumlarda birkaç tane olmasına rağmen, çoğu zaman tek bir kurttur.
Böyle bir tezahür hem Morgellon virüsü hem de dirofilariasis için geçerlidir. Şimdi farklılıklar için. Dirofilariasis genellikle kesinlikle ağrısız bir tezahürdür. Dahası, genellikle bir kişinin cildinin altında bir kişinin yerleşmiş olduğunu hissetmediğini söylemek güvenlidir. Kaşıntı nadir durumlarda ortaya çıkar.
Ancak dirofilaria gibi bir solucan insanlara çok fazla rahatsızlık verdiği zamanlar vardır. Bu genellikle solucan yüz bölgesine yerleştiği zaman olur. Birincisi, çok yoğun bir sivilce oluşur, bunların boyutları, solucanın ne kadar büyük olduğuna bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu sivilce, parazit içeri girerse veya cildi kuvvetli bir şekilde gererse ağrısız veya ağrılı olabilir.
Kural olarak, çoğu zaman dirofilaria, gözlerin, burnun, meme bezlerinin alanında, kollarda veya bacaklarda deri altına yerleşir. Bir erkeğin dış cinsel organları olabilir. Bu türden bir solucan 2-3 aylık bir kişiyi rahatsız etmeyebilir. Dahası, sivilce daha sonra ortadan kaybolur, sonra tekrar görünür. Ancak hiçbir önlem alınmazsa, parazitin hayati aktivitesinin büyük bir miktarını bozan ürünler deri altında toplanır ve bu da bir insanda sıcaklıkta bir artış ve genel bir rahatsızlık yaratır.
Morgellon virüsü ile ilgili olarak, burada, görünür tezahürün yanı sıra, parazitin cildinde engrafasyon yerine güçlü bir kaşıntı vardır ve bir süre sonra, herhangi bir önlem almamak için, kanama yaraları görülür. Ve burada diğer hastalıklarla enfeksiyon riski birçok kez artar.
Tanı ve tedavi
Dirofilariasis veya Morgellon virüsünü etkili bir şekilde tedavi etmek için, hastalığın kendini doğru bir şekilde tanımlaması gerekir. Bir kural olarak, vücutta dirofilaria varlığını doğrulamak için, iki ana faktör dikkate alınmalıdır: bunlar yukarıda açıklanan belirtiler ve sivrisinek ısırıkları olasılığı, çünkü onlar solucanı taşıyanlardır. Daha sonra, solucanın deri altından cerrahi olarak çıkarıldığı son bir laboratuvar testi zaten devam etmektedir. Parazit yumurtaları varsa, toksinlerin kana girmesi halinde, bir damlalık ile vücudu temizlemenin yanı sıra, ek tedavi reçete edilir.
Morgellon virüsü ile çok daha karmaşıktır. Bu durumda, virüsün doğası tam olarak araştırılmamış olduğu için, solucanların cerrahi olarak hemen çıkarılması en kolay yol olacaktır. Ama en önemli şey, kendinizi bağışıklıklardan korumak, kendinizi böcek ısırıklarından korumaktır. Sonuçta, bu tür solucanlar vücutta bir kez ortaya çıkarsa, tekrar ortaya çıkabilirler. Buna izin vermemek çok önemlidir.
Filariasis belirtileri
Filariasis, bir solucanın cildin altına yerleşmesi sonucu en tehlikeli hastalıklardan biri olarak kabul edilir. Parazit, çoğunluğunda da sivrisinek ısırıkları veya diğer benzer kan emici böcekler tarafından taşınan ipliksi nematod olarak adlandırılır.
En kötüsü, vücutta böyle tehlikeli bir helmintin varlığının 7-8 yıldır görünmeyebilmesidir. Bu süre zarfında nematodun aktif bir şekilde büyümesi ve bölünmesi vardır, fakat kendini dirofilaria gibi parlak bir şekilde ortaya çıkarmaz. Fakat yine de, bir kişiyi doktora zamanında yönlendirebilecek bazı işaretler vardır.
İlk iki yıl boyunca, hasta periyodik ürtiker ve farklı cilt bölgelerinde hafif kızarıklıklar ile eziyete olabilir.
Sonra her şey karmaşıklaşır: vücutta siğiller, kayıklar, yaralar ve egzema görülür. Bu, deri altındaki parazitten gelen zehirlerin vücut içine salınmasının bir işaretidir. Bu semptomlar hali hazırda zayıflık, baş ağrısı ve sürekli uyuşukluk ile birlikte olmaya başlamaktadır.
Bu tip nematodlar vücudun herhangi bir yerinde cildin altına yerleşebilir. Birkaç yıl süren adaptasyondan sonra, tüm vücut boyunca serbestçe hareket etmeye başlarlar, bu nedenle paraziti yakalamak için onu yakalamak oldukça zordur. Ama en kötüsü, zamanının çoğunu göz alanında geçirdiği zamandır. Parazitten sürekli olarak gelişen toksinlerden kaynaklanan ve görme bozukluğu ile sonuçlanabilen ciddi görme sorunları ortaya çıkabilir.
Tedavi bir dermatolog tarafından reçete edilen ilaçların kullanılmasıyla gerçekleştirilir. Bunların en yaygınsı, Getrazan'dır. Hastalar genellikle solucan vücutta iyi yerleştiğinde tedavi edilir. Bu nedenle, hasta bir süre klinikte olmalıdır. Cerrahi müdahaleler hariç tutulmamaktadır, çünkü parazitin tahrip edilmesinden sonra bile daha sıklıkla deri altından çıkarılmalıdır.
Sistiserkoz ve schistosomiasis
Sisticercosis, organ ve kasların boşluklarında eşzamanlı olarak gelişebilen başka bir tehlikeli subkutanöz solucudur. Ayrıca çoğu zaman vücuda kontamine etle veya suyla girdiği için domuz zinciri olarak da adlandırılır.
Bu hastalık, cildin üzerinde yoğun bir tabana sahip olan ve giderek boyut ve miktarda artan, kesinlikle ağrısız oluşumları gösterir. Genellikle, bu arka plan üzerinde kurdeşen gelişir. Çoğu zaman, neoplazmlar özellikle büyüme dinamikleriyle onu rahatsız etmeye başlayana kadar hasta doktora gitmez.
Domuz zinciri, avuç içleri, göğüs ve omuzlardaki derinin altına yerleşmeyi çok seviyor. Büyüdükçe çoğalır ve çoğalırsa, cilt üzerindeki tümör daha güçlüdür. Tedavi antiparazitik ajanlar alınarak ve daha ileri durumlarda - bir cerrahi yöntem kompleksi ile yapılır.
Esas olarak tropikal ülkelerin tedavi edilmemiş tatlı su kütlelerinde yaşayan subkütanöz helmintin neden olduğu en yaygın hastalık şistozomiyazdır. Böylesi bir parazitin atık ürünlerinin ürogenital sistemde ve tabii ki deride önemli bozulmaları tetiklemesi tehlikelidir.
Tezahürler diğer solucanlardan çok farklı değildir: standart bir kaşıntı, dermatit, kalıcı döküntü ve cildin kızarıklığıdır. Solucan aktif olarak gelişirken, geceleri aşırı terleme olur, vücut ısısında artış olur. Daha da kötüsü, bununla birlikte, karaciğer boyutu artar ve böbrekler etkilenir. Bu solucanlar antimon ile öldürüldü. Fakat kendini tedavi etmek kesinlikle yasaktır, çünkü kendinizi çok fazla incitebilirsiniz. Bazı vakalarda, cerrahinin yanı sıra böbreklerin tek tek kurtarılması veya üreme sisteminin çalışması kabul edilebilir. Bu nedenle, bu tür tehlikeli bir parazitin vücuda yayılmasının başlatılmaması daha iyidir.
drakunkuliyaz semptomatolojine
Rishta - drakunculiasis gelişimini provoke, deri altı solucan. Yetişkinlikte nedensel ajan sadece etkileyici boyutlara ulaşabilir, 120-130 cm! Taze kontamine suya sahip havuzlarda yüzerek enfekte olabilirsiniz. Bir kural olarak, deri altına tırmanırken, orada bulunan helmint kıvrılır, bunun bir sonucu olarak, tüm uzunluğu görünür değildir ve zamanla büyümeye eğilimli olan yuvarlak bir tüberkül görülür.
Küçük bir larva tarafından cildin altına düşen helmint spesimen, sonunda 48 saat içinde belirli bir yere yerleşir. Ayrıca, yıl boyunca sıkıca sabitlenir ve büyür. Cildin altındaki kordon büyük bir boyuta ulaştığında, oldukça gerilmiş epitel patlayabilir. O zaman ana şey, hastalık ilerledikçe suyla temas olmamasıdır. Solucanı çıkarmak ve iyi bir yara dezenfeksiyonu yapmak, klinikte uzmanların eliyle daha iyi hale getirmek gerekir.
Yani, deri altı solucanların ana çeşitleri, provoke ettikleri hastalıklardır.
En önemli kuralı hatırlayın: herhangi bir deri alt paraziti zamanında yok edilmelidir, bu yüzden en ufak bir işarette durumu tetiklememek için bir doktora danışın.<|endoftext|>Da qualche giorno su internet circola un nuovo modo per contattare gli spiriti, attraverso la charlie charlie challenge: una nuova versione casereccia della tavoletta ouija, che consiste nel filmarsi durante una “seduta spiritica” in cui si invoca lo spirito del demonio Charlie, grazie a un foglio su cui viene scritto “sì” e “no”.
Il demone risponderebbe alle domande muovendo due matite poste in equilibrio una sopra l’altra. Non si sa quanti abbiano effettivamente “comunicato” con Charlie, sta di fatto che, finora, quattro adolescenti colombiane sono state ricoverate in preda a gravi crisi isteriche dopo aver compiuto la Charlie Charlie Challenge. Erano infatti convinte di aver effettivamente parlato con lo spirito… evidentemente ignorano la legge di gravità…………..
Questa “sfida” davvero stupida mi fa venire in mente un’altra evocazione, quella della “ragazza dello specchio”. Ovviamente parlo di Bloody Mary.
Bloody Mary è la leggenda secondo la quale bisogna mettersi davanti a uno specchio, spegnere la luce, chiamare tre volte la ragazza e attendere. Si dice che il suo spirito appaia nello specchio alla terza “chiamata”, rivelando l’identità del futuro marito. Molto poetico. Ma c’è anche il rovescio della medaglia: se infatti ad apparire non è la fanciulla ma un teschio, questo significa una sola cosa: morte prima del matrimonio.
Ma chi è Bloody Mary? Sulla sua identità le ipotesi si rincorrono da quando esiste la leggenda. Si dice che possa trattarsi di “Maria la sanguinaria“, meglio nota come Maria I d’Inghilterra, divenuta regina dopo la morte del fratello, re Edoardo VI. Mary viene ricordata per aver riportato in Inghilterra la religione cattolica e aver condannato al rogo tutti i protestanti. Ma cosa c’entri lo specchio, in questo caso non si sa.
La seconda versione vede la presenza di una delle fobie più comuni per gli essere umani, quella di essere sepolti vivi. Mary, in questa seconda versione della storia, sarebbe stata una ragazza di 14 anni che viveva in una cittadina degli Stati Uniti e si chiamava Mary Stewart. Mary un giorno si ammalò di tifo e il padre, un medico, vedendo la figlia ormai moribonda, era ben conscio della pericolosità della malattia che aveva colpito la figlia… sebbene la ragazza fosse ancora viva, fu “costretto” a prendere la decisione di seppellirla subito, per evitare il diffondersi della malattia. Tanto, sotto terra, sarebbe morta per asfissia e non avrebbe sofferto più di quello che già soffriva. Seppellirla viva era infatti l’unico modo per risparmiare alla figlia inutili sofferenze, e per evitare il contagio. La madre, sconvolta dal dolore, legò uno spago al polso di Mary, collegato a un campanello appeso alla porta di casa, in modo da poterla sentire se si fosse “risvegliata”.
Il padre però, ben sapendo che la figlia non era morta ma solo addormentata, seppellì la ragazza e somministrò poi della morfina alla moglie per non farle udire i disperati scampanellii di Mary, che in tutti i modi cercava di attirare l’attenzione di qualcuno che potesse liberarla dalla sua prigionia.
La mattina seguente, trovarono la campanella per terra: subito si corse a disseppellire il cadavere, ma Mary era davvero morta, con le mani coperte di sangue e le unghie attaccate al coperchio della bara che invano aveva cercato di sollevare.
La terza e ultima versione parla di una donna che morì vittima di un incidente d’auto, e che appare, col volto orrendamente sfigurato, a chiunque la chiami.
Eppure lo sapete che in Ohio esiste la casa in cui Mary avrebbe abitato? Mudhouse Mansion è stata costruita a metà del 1800, e intorno al 1920 è stata venduta alla famiglia Hartman.
Nel 1930, l’allora patriarca della famiglia è morto, e anche se i discendenti della famiglia Hartman hanno mantenuto la proprietà della terra finora, la casa stessa è
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51 | 3 | 3 |
The resultant effects
in terms of poverty of the people are analysed in
Table 4: Real Cross Domestic Product
(N billion at 1984 prices unless otherwise
Exports of goods
Imports of goods
(Source: Central Bank of Nigeria, quoted in EIU Nigeria
Country Report 2001)
As noted above, the growing importance of oil
created distortions in the Nigerian economy.
The non-oil exports sector dropped (cocoa,
groundnuts, rubber, cotton, palm produce, and
solid minerals), and this changed the structure
of external trade, thus creating imbalances in
the economy. The pattern and trend of external
trade and the balance-of-payments position
further explain the over-dependence of the
economy on oil and its vulnerability to external
The dependence of domestic production
and consumption on the availability of foreign
exchange is so high that when the price of oil
collapsed in the 1980s, a spiral effect was felt in
all sectors of the economy. The rate of growth of
the economy took a downturn, which was exac-
erbated by the government's resort to excessive
borrowing on the domestic front and externally.
The cumulative effect was a sharp rise in the
external debt situation, to reach a high of
Economic structure and poverty
The structural imbalances of the economy, an
inappropriate development agenda, and the
debt burden, it has been argued, are major causes
of the poverty prevailing in Nigeria. Available
information shows that per capita income,
which was around US$1000 in the 1980s,
dropped to US$310 in 1999. The incidence of
poverty increased from 27.2 per cent of the
population in 1980 to 65.6 per cent in 1996, and
it is estimated the incidence increases by 10 per
cent every three years. As a result of the high
incidence of poverty, Nigeria was ranked 151
among 174 poor countries207
by the year 2000.
Policy directions: past governments
Various governments in the past have imple-
mented economic policy measures with a view
to resuscitating the Nigerian economy. The
effect has been minimal, as a result of frequent
coups and inconsistency in the implementation
of policies and programmes. A review of the
effectiveness of these policies concluded that
'given the escalation in the number of people in
poverty between 1986 and now, we cannot but
conclude that all the programmes have failed to
achieve their overarching objective'.208
The Vision 2010 policy document focused on
the following central themes:
• Maintenance of macro-economic stability
and economic growth.
• Improved governance at all levels.
• Re-allocation of public-sector spending to
favour the social sector.
• Progressive deregulation of the domestic
economy through enhanced private-sector
The Vision document has been described as 'the
most comprehensive policy and the one close
to a consensus-based policy agenda'.209
because its formulation involved various interest
groups. Yet analysts have pointed out that the
document did not take into consideration the
views of the populace as a whole, and viewed
development from the perspective of economic
growth - the 'trickle down' approach.210
Measuring Poverty in Nigeria
UNDP Human Development Report 2001 comments:
'the most serious weakness is no doubt its
insufficient attention to the poverty problem of
Nigeria and the great danger it (poverty) poses
in all spheres of human endeavours - politics,
economics, sociology and culture.'21
' With regard
to its usefulness in contemporary Nigeria, it has
been described as out of date and unrealistic.212
Reasons for the poor performance of the
The next section reviews some of the policies
identified as having created structural imbalances
in the economy.
Deregulation and inefficient infrastructure
The deregulation and drastic reduction of tariff
and non-tariff barriers and the persistent failure
to provide an efficient and cost-effective infra-
structure have affected the development of the
country. The effect is that Nigerian manufacturers
have to provide their own electricity, water,
transport, and even security services to supple-
ment the inadequate and unreliable supplies
from the public sector. This pushes up the cost
of production, thus making the products
uncompetitive. Production declines, and so do
Openness of the economy
The economy was prematurely opened up and
is over-dependent on the international economy
for food and other consumer items. The high
level of cheap food imports affects the incomes
of domestic farmers, who have to pay more for
inputs and odier services. In addition, the situation
places undue stress on foreign exchange and
also pushes up inflation.
Nigeria's heavy burden of debt (both domestic
has discouraged private invest-
ment. This situation has put undue pressure on
government revenue and made it difficult, if not
impossible, to provide the infrastructure required
to boost both agricultural and industrial activities.
In addition, the people are denied access to
basic social services such as water, health care,
Current focus for economic reform
The economic policy guidelines of the present
government are contained in the policy frame-
work 'Nigerian Economic Policy 1999 - 2003'.
This document states that when the present
administration took over office in May 1999,
'it inherited an economy with the following
characteristics: declining capacity utilisation in
the real sector, poor performance of major
infrastructural facilities, large budget deficit,
rising level of unemployment and inflation'.214
To address the situation, the Government
defined the following policy objectives:
• Revive and grow Nigeria's comatose economy.
• Significantly raise the standard of living of
• Put Nigerians back to gainful work and create
new employment opportunities.
• Reposition the economy to participate
beneficially in the global economy.
• Make Nigeria the hub of the West African
In line with these objectives, the various sectoral
ministries formulated appropriate policies for
achieving the goals set through the budgetary
Review of budgets
The policy framework has served as the guide-
line for development and preparation of annual
budgets. Hence the need to review them in
order to assess how the government's policy is
contributing towards poverty reduction in the
country. The objectives set under the 2001 budget
were as follows:
• Restructuring of the Nigerian economy to
make it market-oriented, private-sector led,
• Reduction of unemployment and increase in
productivity, while maintaining stable prices
and exchange rate stability, and a healthy
balance of payments.
• Improvement in power supply, telecom-
munications, and transport.
• Improvement in credit delivery and
extension services to small and medium-
The objectives make it clear that the budget
aims to increase capital expenditure. Table 5
shows the projections for the government's
capital expenditure for the year 2001.
The figures in Table 5 indicate that education,
health care, and agriculture are still under-
financed, in spite of the commitment in the bud-
get statement to priorities these sectors.
Another review pointed out that such a large
Poverty and the economy in Nigeria
Table 5: Approved capital expenditure for 2001
Power and steel
Works and housing N53 billion
(Source: Approved Budget: 2001
26 per cent
increase in capital expenditure has now become
a major problem, owing to its inflationary impact,
its impact on the exchange rate by boosting
liquidity in the foreign-exchange market, and
the opportunities for corruption that such a large
spending spree has created.215
indicated that in spite of efforts to rein in expen-
diture, in response to pressure from the IMF,216
a deficit of 4.3 per cent of GDP was estimated for
2001, as compared with 2.9 per cent in 2000.
Other critics (including donors and the IMF)
have pointed out that the budget will absorb
excess oil proceeds from 2000, and the increased
capital budget will stimulate inflation, and it is
therefore not a poverty-driven budget.217
The 2002 budget
The objectives of the 2002 outlined were stated
• The alleviation of poverty by fostering
opportunities for job creation.
• The achievement of high economic growth
rates through better mobilisation and
prudent use of economic resources.
• The building of a strong economy by
encouraging private-sector participation,
while providing continuity to economic
• Ensuring good governance by transforming
development administration into a service-
and result-oriented system.
The contents of the budget statement were
discussed by some civil-society organisations at a
workshop on budget monitoring, organised by
Shelter Rights Initiative. Participants subjected
the budget to serious scrutiny and made the
• The allocation of N 14.8 billion to health is
low and will not ensure improvements in the
quality of services.
• N4 billion allocated to agriculture is
inadequate. The sector is the major employer
of the active labour force and a major
contributor to GDP and therefore requires
more resources. To under-finance it would
hamper efforts to achieve the goal of poverty
alleviation, as indicated in the budget
• The allocations of 1.2 per cent, 0.09 per
cent, 0.72 per cent, 4 per cent, and less
than 2 per cent to Science and Technology,
Solid Minerals, Industry, Employment,
and Women and Youth Development
respectively will not result in poverty
• N22 billion for the construction sector and
upgrading of infrastructure in the Federal
Capital Territory is unrealistic, because the
FCT already has a fairly good infrastructure.
• The allocation of N15 billion to Sports and
Social Development and N49.8 billion to
Defence is a misplacement of priorities and
will not result in poverty alleviation.
Generally, it was observed that although the
policy thrust of the budget was laudable, it did not
address the development needs of the country.
Again, the 38 per cent cut in capital expendi-
ture, alongside the huge allocations made to the
non-productive sectors, will obviously retard
growth. The overall assessment was that the
budget could not achieve its objectives.
The government is implementing various
policy mixes. Their effectiveness is explored in
the next section.
Assessment of policy since 1999
Table 6 shows that the budget deficit rose to 8.4
per cent of GDP in 1999, from 4.7 per cent in
the previous year, but dropped in 2000 to 2.9
per cent. The budget deficit for 2000 was financed
mainly by issuing treasury bills, while the strategy
of the previous years included the drawing
down of foreign reserves.
The structure of expenditure also shows the
dominant role of recurrent expenditure. This
implies that fewer resources are allocated to the
sectors that will ensure a reduction in poverty.
Analysts expressed shock over the drop in govern-
ment revenue in 2000, in spite of increases in
price for oil that year and the realisation of an
amount of N 18.1 billion (US $177 million) from
the privatisation exercise of that year.
In assessing the performance of the economy
since 1999, one observer noted that most ordinary
Nigerians are still waiting to enjoy the
Measuring Poverty in Nigeria
Table 6: Summary of budget figures (1998 - 2000)
Capital and net lending
per cent of GDP
(Source: Central Bank of Nigeria, quoted in EIU Nigeria
'democracy dividends ... The economy grew
modestly in 2000 ... the non-oil sector stagnat-
ed. Meanwhile basic business infrastructure has
continued to crumble ... Economic reforms
have been few and poorly implemented.'218
The Central Bank, in its Annual Report and
Statement of Accounts for 2000, observed:
One of the key aspects of recent budgetary reforms by
government is to shift expenditure from transfers,
which has constituted the bulk of expenditure in the
last ten years, to social and economic services ...
The aim of higher allocation is to improve quality
and access to the services while keeping costs within
reasonable limits. Available data showed significant
increase in Federal Government expenditure on
education and health in 2000 ... Yet this
performance falls below the average for developing
countries ...In order to reduce poverty and illiteracy
and enhance econoviic development, government has
to match its promises with substantial increases in
allocations to the education and health sectors ...
it is important to ensure that there is value for money
spent on education and health sectors, through
effective monitoring and cost control. The need for
proper coordination of the efforts of all tiers of
government in the provision of education and
health services cannot be overemphasised.
Between 1986 and 1993, elaborate poverty-
eradication programmes were initiated. The
initiatives focused on food and agricultural
production, mobilisation, participation, employ-
ment, and skills improvements; but they failed
to achieve the desired goals. It was during this
period that institutions such as the Directorate
of Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure
(DFRRI) and the National Agricultural Land
Development Authority (NALDA) were estab-
lished. Programmes initiated included Family
Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP)
and Community Action Programme for Poverty
In assessing the effectiveness of these pro-
grammes, it has been observed that those who
captured the benefits of the initiatives were not
the poor: they were the rich and the powerful.
This, not surprisingly, brought frustration and
disillusionment to the poor and, inevitably,
discontent and resentment.219
the greatest flaw in these poverty-alleviation
strategies as 'their top-down approach', adding:
'These initiatives resulted in the creation of a
multiplicity of institutions with overlapping
roles and responsibilities, and very little was
achieved.... State and Local Governments were
reduced to mere implementing authorities. ...
The various programmes were not synchronised
with community needs.'220
Another source pronounced the following
verdict on these initiatives: 'the programmes
expected to impact positively on the poor did
not achieve the goals because of (the) absence of
a policy framework and undue political inter-
The present government
The present government's policy objective for
poverty alleviation 'is to broaden the opportunities
available to the poor and ensure that every
Nigerian has access to basic needs of life: food,
potable water, clothing, shelter, basic health
services and nutrition, basic education and
communications as well as guaranteed respect
for fundamental human rights. The overall goal
is improved living conditions for the poor in
In order to implement its policy on poverty
alleviation, the government set up in 1999 the
Presidential Panel on Streamlining and Rational-
isation of Poverty Alleviation Institutions and
Agencies. The panel was asked to assess why the
various institutions and agencies established
under various poverty-alleviation programmes
had been ineffective and inefficient in their
performance, and to make recommendations
on how poverty could be eradicated and the
well-being of the people improved. The outcome
Poverty and the economy in Nigeria
of the work of the panel was the setting up of the
National Poverty Eradication Council (NAPEC),223
with responsibility for co-ordinating poverty-
reduction activities. Various institutions were
identified, at various levels, as those that should
be involved in the government's poverty-eradi-
The President vividly articulated the govern-
ment's policy statement on poverty in his budget
statement for the fiscal year 2000. The key elements
include the preparation of a Medium Term
Poverty Reduction Plan and the creation of a
poverty-reduction fund. On the process for the
preparation of the Plan, the President stated:
our strategy would be to identify priority programmes
and projects in the areas of rural electrification, water
supply, women and youth development, primary
health care, agriculture, food security and education.
This project would be grassroots initiated. The State
Governments and Local Governments will be fully
involved in the design and actual implementation of
the programmes that best suit their environments.
The Federal Government will therefore serve
primarily as a catalyst and mobiliser of resources. 224
The above statement shows that government
has recognised the need for a broad-based
participation in the poverty-reduction drive.
It also recognises that the Federal Government
is only a facilitator and cannot take direct
responsibility for implementation. This is the
line that policy makers need to pursue in order
to ensure that the 'grassroots' referred to by the
government goes beyond State and Local Govern-
ments to include communities and civil-society
organisations. Involvement of the people requires
a transfer of ownership of the process of formu-
lating poverty-eradication programmes from
the Ministries to the local level. This is about
popular participation, it is about sustaining
democracy, and it is about promoting good
A review of the present policy on poverty
alleviation revealed that 'the new institutional
landscape for poverty alleviation and eradication
is much more elaborate than the one criticised
in the NHDR 1998'.225
In addition, State and
Local Governments, community-based institutions,
and for that matter the poor have not been
'While an elaborate institutional arrangement
remains the focus, the proportion of poor people
has increased in relationship to the total popu-
lation. It is estimated that 66 per cent of the
population or 70 million people in 2000 were
classified as poor, as against 55 million people
However, as we have seen, there
continues to be a lack of commitment in terms of
budgetary allocation to the social sector.
The Poverty Reduction Strategy Process
The donor community in Nigeria had been
discussing the need to prepare a Poverty
Reduction Strategy (PRS) since 2000. The govern-
ment made a commitment to get the document
prepared by the end of 2000, but by July 2001
this had not happened.227
The process for
preparing the PRSP has now been initiated, and
an Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy (IPRS)
has been prepared.
The introduction to the IPRS document explains
the background and the timeframe set by the
World Bank and the IMF. It notes that'... the
World Bank Group and the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) in their Annual General
Meetings in September, 1999 announced that
their future concessional assistance would be
tied to the preparation of an appropriate PRSP
... and a deadline of end-June 2002 has been set
... to submit their full PRSPs.' The document
continues: 'in the same vein Nigeria has embarked
on preparing its own PRSP as a requirement for
concessional assistance'. It further notes: 'given
the importance of the subject matter and the
tight time-table, the Nigerian authorities fully
recognise the need to move forward expedi-
tiously to the timely completion of the country's
The IPRS document explains the rationale for
the PRSP thus: '...to ensure that official policies
and resource use in general ... are properly
geared towards poverty reduction in a recipient
country as a priority objective of policy inter-
ventions. The expectation is that an appropriate
PRSP will underpin the primacy of poverty
reduction
|
51 | 4 | 0 |
市场部经理、仓库主任：根据本次会议客户定单，200*年3月的产品以销定产，同时制定第二季度的生产计划。目的：保障资金使用、货品供配合理。
3月1日～27日。市场部经理、仓库主任：4月新品库存、销售支持物品、配送系统准备完毕，货量充沛。货品调配中心接到财务派单后，根据地理位置不同，确保客户2～6日内可收到实物。目的：保障货品流速。企划部经理、仓库主任：会议光碟、团体合影、自由合影随货发送至客户。目的：提升厂商合力。
备注：
1.宾馆1012房为会议值班室，总办专人留守。24小时值班手机×××， 内线电话×××。
2.会议筹委会人员、参与各项活动人员的手机请保持24小时开机，并调至振动状态，随身携带。
3.后附会议筹委会人员、参与上述各项活动人员、参会全部人员：姓名、性别、职务、参会内容、地点、时间、联系方式、客房号（本文略）。
4.后附宾馆会议区、茶歇区、咖啡厅、餐厅详细布局图及功能介绍。
总经理批示：
本表及附件，36名会议筹委会人员、参与各项活动核心人员会议期间需随身携带，及时服务周边参会人员， 2月15日9:00～11:00筹委会人员在公司会议室进行善后总结。
总经理：文如琪
200*年2月7日17:55
后记
“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。详实准备为“凤之韵——崇泰服饰公司200*春季新品会暨订货会”铺下了良好基础，两天后，会议顺利举行。公司品牌推广、渠道建设、全员士气又上新台阶。
1．星星超市
好实惠（中国）日用百货国际连锁机构由长沙星星展览贸易有限公司共同出资，主要从事好实惠实体超市和网购在中国的运营，本公司以“为中国老百姓提供最便宜和优质购物模式”为企业精神，以“低成本、低投入、高效益、高产出”为经营原则，以特许加盟为经营特色，坚持低成本发展模式的经营策略。网点已遍布长沙、北京、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、河南、山东、福建、山西、广东、吉林、云南等地区的100多个市。
我们在06年涉入网购，主要为大家提供无风险代销，目前已经培养了几千个优秀的淘宝拍拍卖家。08年为了更好为创业者提供更完美的平台，我们主要推广“星星超市”全国连锁超市项目。现在还有些空白城市未加盟。
我们的目标：做全国最便宜的超市，和全国所有传统超市竞争！
2．“星星超市”概念介绍
“星星超市”此项目是由长沙星星贸易有限公司在全球第一家提出的概念和欲大力将此形成全国大型星星连锁超市的项目，“星星超市”项目旨将传统超市综合运营成本（重要街道黄金店铺租金、庞大人员费、水电费、管理费等等通道费用）节省，打破店铺销售渠道等生意单一化的禁锢，更提倡用小区促销+门对门派发促销宣传吸引消费者购买，并将利用直接送货上门便于老百姓的服务和最低的产品价格直接和传统超市竞争。
3．“星星超市”针对客户群体
主要针对地区中低层次家庭/学校/办公室消费群体
4．“星星超市”主要销售产品
2008年9月份以前围绕家庭实用品、家庭装饰品为主，主要为：
1．传统超市不能购买到的家庭“新奇特”用品
2．传统超市价格相比有优势产品
5．“星星超市”运营模式
通过直复式营销方式中的传单、促销单、会员卡、优惠劵、抵金劵等等形式点对点地在地区家庭、校园、办公室购买群体集中区域派发，并将利用节假日期间大力策划直销活动及小区直销活动集中宣传放大地区品牌效应,强力推广“便宜+方便”购物模式。消费者可选择短信、地区电话、地区传真、地区网站下单，从传统+网络满足客户下单模式,接到订单直接送货上门，货到付款形式保证消费者权益,希望通过便宜产品+优良服务长期积累客户资源,以保证长期稳定经营的目的.
二．项目前景数据
（1）一些数据
1．美国的沃尔玛集团连续三年雄居世界500强之首，国内的零售业近几年也呈高于GDP的速度的增长态势
2．目前全国约有60家以零售为主业的上市公司分布于24个省的29个主要城市，有国际影响的20多家外资零售企业进入中国的大中城市已超过30个
3．2008年黄金周期间（2月6日-2月12日），全国百家重点大型零售企业实现零售总额达32.7亿元，相比2007年春节期间增长24.42%，增速和2007年基本持平。受灾害天气影响，除夕当天的购买力没有得到全面释放，百家商场的销售额较低，初一到初三销售额快速提升，初四以后百家商场日销售额均保持在9亿元以上。
4．2007年中国网购市场规模达514.42亿，较2006年增长74%。
5．08年零售业发展的主旋律依然是成长性和盈利性。中国目前是全球增长最快的零售市场。我们认为，未来十年，国内消费品市场将处于长期景气周期，全国零售总额复合增长在10%以上，预计在2020年有望达到20万亿元的绝对规模。
6．伴随着人口总量的继续增长，我国居民收入水平呈现一种快速上升之势：07年城乡居民人均可支配收入分别达到13786元和4140元，同比增长17.24%和15.42%。收入水平上升有利于增强国内居民的边际消费倾向，释放非生活必需品的消费需求，这对于国内零售业的发展无疑奠定了坚实的基础。
7．世邦魏理仕最新的调查报告显示，中国以其不断增长的对全球零售商的吸引力，跻身最具国际化的零售市场的第九位。该排名使中国超越包括美国、日本和新加坡在内的传统零售业中心，成为前十强中唯一一个欧洲、中东、非洲地区（EMEA）之外的国家。
(二)数据后的观点
看过宏观数据，我们再试图再以自身城市为例，尽可能刻意铺捉传统超市产品分类和产品价格并将其和我们经营产品线及品种价格做一定对比，相信结果已经比较明朗，传统超市在同类型产品已经加了70%以上利润，而某些家庭常规消费品单件利润较低，但主要是靠量赢得综合利润。综合对比后会发现我们的产品具备价格竞争力，毕竟我们没有过多中间产生的
通道费。再加以免费送上门的服务及货到付款能够对比货物质量足以吸引消费者尝试新型和便捷的购物模式。
利润是从总部配货价格和供货给老百姓的价格之中的差价而来，为了希望地区加盟商能够尽快将品牌深入人口，形成量化性销售，并为了正常有序和本地超市竞争,我们在常规竞争产品为各地区加盟者加了20-25%利润,在新奇特产品上为各地区加盟者增加了30-40%利润.
做零售是靠量化销售获得综合利润的，如果你比较倾向单笔暴利，那和我们定位是有些差异，我们在目前利润相对加的比较少，是为了能够尽快让老百姓深度认识好实惠超市和传统超市价格的强大价格差异，让老百姓能够持续购买和口碑传播，以便于城市大面积影响，由于我们销售的都是每个家庭都长期需要购买和更新的产品系列，所以如果长期良性拓展和维护客户资源，再结合我们的安全、便宜、方便的优势，将很容易成为地区最大型的超市，利润不言而喻
星星超市和传统超市对比的优势
1、便宜--比所有本地超市东西要低
2、安全--一手交钱一手交货，不满意可以拒买和让送货人员走
3、方便--本地电话、短信、传真、网上下单，免费送货到家
模式分析：星星在中国这是种新的运营模式，在某些国家由于土地资源比较紧张租金过贵的城市星星已经比较普遍，国外的星星模式是有产品展示厅，如需购买，填写地址购买物品然后在家等收货。而我们是完全星星型，利用节省的黄金地段租金费、员工费、水电费、税收等等通道杂费，通过省去的这部分费用节省运营成本，真正让利给老百姓，也造就我们和传统超市价格竞争的根本优势。
市场角度：根据我们的大量调查，传统超市除了一部分量化产品（如方便面、矿泉水等等）和一部分品牌性产品（全国较多店经营，价格透明）这类产品相对标价比较低，其他家居类对于消费者品牌概念不强的产品都加了70%以上利润。这也让我们能够从这块产品做为竞争突破口，竞争不大，而且能够突出和超市对比的价格优势，又是家庭必须消费的用品。未来在众多品牌厂了解我们模式的优势和销售量的基础上，他们自然会协助我们不断更新产品，所以市场空间非常乐观。
营销模式：有店讲究店面人流量和圈定范围，被动接受购物，无法全面维护老客户，而星星讲究三大优势（安全、便宜、方便）+综合营销方式（访问营销、人群定位营销、产品目录直派营销、促销活动营销、网络营销、电话营销等结合）主动出击，让消费者接受这种未来必然的购物趋势，真正做到做一家维系一家，做一家口碑传播N家的效果。
三.加盟优势
加盟后你就是本地一家超市老板，相对你们可以说是两条腿走路，网购暂时也可以不放弃，又可以做本地区实体，实际服务所有地区家庭，地区就近的服务优势和我们的三大优势会让你不断积累老客户，形成一个庞大的客户资源网络，这样从当前角度而言，你可以获得利益，从长远角度而言，你获得了人脉资源优势，以后对你有兴趣发展的产品有什么不能集合一起卖呢？
况且我们三大优势如此明显，完全可以做大做强，我们理想的目标是将每一个加盟商培养成每一个城市最大的超市。让你们未来对事业的追求和利益的追求完全不必担心。
加盟政策：
加盟后即可获得：
1．地区管理和经营权：
加盟后你就是地区好实惠超市老板了，所有地区经营管理权限都将交托你去进行，包括未来县级和区级加盟商的核选和确定。
2．品牌形象支持：
总部为加盟商提供全套的品牌形象、店面设计支持。
•品牌宣传用品（网站、贵宾卡、促销帐篷、会员卡、促销横幅、易拉宝、手提袋等等）
3．产品支持：
——现有几大类1000多个品种供选择
——长期根据发展趋势为不同消费人群更新产品
——未来在中国2/3城市铺满连锁店时候，将会实现大量产品免费寄放地区，销售完再回款，让地区加盟无资金经营和库存风险压力。
4．加盟商之管理营销支持：
好实惠总部拥有一支集设计、管理、营销经验于一身的实战型团队，将为加盟商提供管理营销方面最有力的支持。全方位的营运和管理培训，让你和你的员工短期内成为销售高手，为你创造意想不到的效益；终端经营模式的标准化将为您提供全面系统的管理营销知识和实际操作中的支援，支持加盟商规范管理、顺利营销，将加盟店做大做强
1．员工培训支持：
总部通过凝结成功经验的，为加盟地区员工提供专业化的培训课程，迅速提高员工素质。
•专业知识培训；
•营销技巧培训；
•团队精神培训；
•自我激励培训。
2．经营管理支持：针对行业特点，总部为加盟商设计了更高层次的经营管理课程，并在日常管理中提供专业化的指导和帮助。
•业务管理培训；
•人力资源管理培训；
•货物管理培训；
•领导艺术培训。
3．日常营业支援：
——店铺经营问题的实地诊断分析
——促销方案策划及实地操作指导
——营业期间为加盟商提供长期营业咨询服务支援，如在店铺运作、人员管理、商品陈列、营业技巧等多方面提供咨询及提升知道。
5．加盟之风险支持：
1．加盟商享受退、换货保障政策，
2．对无心、无能力继续经营者，未来由总部操作转让、收购，安全退出连锁体系
3．加盟商享受区域保护政策，总部遵循在同商圈一定范围内，只发展一家加盟店的原则，对加盟商实行严格的商圈保护。
种种措施让加盟商的风险降到最低。
6．营运资料：
帮助加盟店了解当地超市市场现状和消费人群并进行行业分析；指导加盟店搜集相关数据、资料，结合好实惠的产品特点和服务特色，协助进行市场专业调查和经营情况分析，便于加盟商营销管理。具体提供的营运资料如下：
1、店长必读手册（包括每日营业作业流程、服务管理、商品管理、财务管理等）
2、派单和送货员工必读手册（包括岗位职责、设备管理、行政作业管理、顾客管理等）
3、各种调查表格
4、展示店操作流程
5、营销过程使用的各项表单
7．广告宣传支持：
总部为加盟商提供高层次的媒体与广告策划，使加盟商最少的广告投入得到最大的经济效益。
•电视媒体合作；
•软文及题花；
•专业期刊、杂志广告；
•平面印刷品广告；
•网站广告；
•行业展览会。
另外加盟后还将拥有：
享有“好实惠”商标及服务商标使用权；
享有“好实惠”CI形象系统使用权；
享有“好实惠”产品（经营范围内产品）经营权；
享有“好实惠”资源共享权（业务、人才等资源）；
享有“好实惠”技术咨询、业务咨询权；
享有“好实惠”新产品、新技术免费再培训权；
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投资优势：
统一的经营理念、统一的配货中心、统一的进货渠道、统一的价格、统一的形象、统一的支持体系，确保加盟店“开一家，成功一家”！
产品优势：
与众多的巨型生产商密切合作，集团化采购，一站式供货，产品在2008年上半年主打实用和新奇特家居用品，价格均低于本地大型超市价格，并还集合超市没有的新奇特家居品增强消费者购买欲望。实实在在吸引大众消费群体，以确保加盟店有旺盛的人气和稳定的盈利。
退货优势：
完善的退换货制度，不影响二次销售的商品均按原价退回，卖出去的是您赚的，卖不出去的退回总部，让加盟商无后顾之忧。一次投资，长久受益！
市场运作优势：
由总部众多优秀策划师精心策划的各种流行或新型营销方式，让加盟商不用开店苦等客户，主动有效出击赢得市场。并定期全面系统强化培训专业知识和营销知识，总部定期在销售黄金期依托强大的营销策划团队策划优秀营销方案让地区执行。让投资者充分掌握营销技能和优秀营销的方案，成功经营。并长期通过专人跟进各地区经营指导，解决经营中出现的问题。
物流优势：
提供完善快捷的配送服务，接到订单当天必发货。便捷的高速公路、铁路运输，点对点的物流，让您享受一流服务！
宣传优势：
品牌形象宣传，全世界第一家星星超市概念及大量城市覆盖会让媒体更加全面关注，总部也会在近期融资完成，并会大量和媒体协助，适时将优秀策划方案及媒体嚗光率让消费者加强品牌认知，让品牌效应为加盟商形成更广阔发展空间！
网络优势：
先进的电子商务平台，加盟商不需要专门花时间打理网站及更新，所有的事情都由总部全力更新。
配货优势：
配货中心将在计划正式执行三个月后在各省挑选合适最佳人才成立省会货源备货中心、方便订货、挑选、调换和及时调货。
规模优势：
连锁形式拓展全国，货物有问题
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da artıracaktır ”.
Bu bilim adamlarından ikisi, Ethan Coffel ve Justin Mankin,insanların nasıl risk altında olduğu konusunda alarm verdi. “Şu anda, havza nüfusunun yaklaşık% 10’u, bölgenin mevsimsel kuraklığı ve su kaynaklarının son derece eşitsiz dağılımı nedeniyle kronik su kıtlığıyla karşı karşıyadır” dediler. Su, Darfur’un bazı kısımlarında ve Sudan’ın diğer çölleşmiş bölgelerinde zaten kıt bir kaynak ve iklim değişikliğiyle potansiyel olarak daha da kötüye gidecek değerli kaynak konusundaki anlaşmazlıklar.
2040 yılına kadar Nil Havzası ülkelerinde yaşayanların% 35’inin su kıtlığıyla karşı karşıya kalabileceği konusunda uyardılar. “Günlük yaşamlarında yetecek kadar suya sahip olmayan 80 milyondan fazla insan” dediler .
Hartum’un hemen dışındaki Fenti Golf sahasında, su kaynaklarıyla ilgili endişeler uzak görünüyor. Fıskiyeler, yeşil çiçek tarhları ile çevrili çime püskürtüyor ve hurma ağaçları sazan dolu ve birkaç çeşme ile dolu yapay gölleri çevreliyor.
120 dönümlük parkurdaki çimlerin arasında bir ızgarayı işaret eden Osama Daoud Abdellatif, “Bunların hepsi kanalizasyon, dolayısıyla fazla su doğrudan su tablasına gidiyor” diyor. Sudan’ın en ünlü iş adamı ve Gerd projesini destekliyor.
Golf arabamız sahanın etrafındaki patikalarda su birikintilerine sıçradığında, özel konutlar için ayrılmış alanlara işaret ediyor. Abdellatif, kursunun ne kadar su kullandığını söylemeyi reddetti ve suyun büyük çoğunluğunun geri dönüştürüldüğünde ısrar etti.
“Su miktarına ve yeşil alana sahip olmanın etkisine bakın. Demek istediğim, insanlar neden orman tutuyor? Bu şehrin akciğeridir. Yeşil alanlar olmasaydı şehirler boğulurdu ”diyor.
Ancak Ahmed el-Müftü ve akan nehir sularını dikkatle izleyen çiftçiler için tehdit, Hartum’un golf sahalarından çok daha büyük.
Bu madde, 23 Nisan 2020 tarihinde, etkiler akışaşağıda yaşanacağı için, barajın yukarı havzasının potansiyel etkilerine yapılan atıfları düzeltmek için değiştirilmiştir; ve Addis Ababa’ya ait olması gereken Hartum’dan bahsetmeyi düzeltmek.<|endoftext|>CDEV 81 Early Literacy Development-Preschool Child (1)
Credit, Degree Applicable
Strategies in preschool to develop language, pre-reading and pre-writing skills. Selecting books and materials; engaging children in shared literary experiences, promoting skills and early experiments with print. Issues and strategies for second language learners.
Offered on occasion
After successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
- Outcome 1: Select engaging books with consideration for child interests and culture.
- Outcome 2: Identify strategies to support language development in one or more languages.
- Outcome 3: Demonstrate strategies for print rich environments and pre-writing experiences.
- Outcome 4: Demonstrate activities to support alphabetic principles and phonological awareness.
- Outcome 5: Demonstrate how literacy is embedded in learning activities throughout the program.<|endoftext|>纽约市将在所有公立学校推出无肉周一午餐
该市宣布，纽约市公立学校是该国最大的学校系统，将在今年秋季开始的学生午餐中实施“无肉周一”，旨在改善健康状况并遏制环境影响。“人们将会看到这一点，他们将开始模仿纽约市学校正在做的事情，”市长Bill de Blasio周一在新闻发布会上说。市长说，这项计划将影响1,800所学校，这是继布鲁克林成功的试点计划之后，该计划去年涉及15所学校。“我们得到了非常积极的反馈，我们认为这是正确的做法，”学校校长理查德·卡兰萨说。JGI / TOM GRILL通过GETTY IMAGES纽约市公立学校将在今年秋季开始的学生午餐中实施“无肉周一”。Carranza吹嘘素食的健康益处，研究发现它可以降低患心脏病，糖尿病和癌症的风险。
“这对环境也有好处，因为它有助于我们减少碳足迹并保护包括水在内的重要资源，”他补充道。
纽约市市长可持续发展办公室主任马克钱伯斯称减少肉类是“个人减少对地球环境影响的最大方式之一”。
“无肉星期一会引入成千上万的年轻纽约人，认为他们的饮食中的微小变化可以为他们的健康和地球的健康带来更大的变化，” 他在一份新闻稿中说。
该计划是学校系统为改善学生的饮食习惯而采取的几项举措之一。
早在2017年，它开始为所有学生提供免费早餐和午餐，无论他们的经济需求如何。在夏季，该市还通过其夏季膳食计划为18岁以下的任何纽约人提供免费早餐和午餐。波士顿， 芝加哥， 底特律和 达拉斯 同样为其公立学校的学生提供免费午餐。
据该市称，每周四纽约市学校系统还为学生提供当地采购或生产的食物。
所有纽约市公立学校还包括自助餐厅的回收站，允许学生从他们的垃圾填埋场垃圾中分类回收物和堆肥。它还换掉了用于可堆肥板的聚苯乙烯托盘。
斯塔顿岛自治市镇总统詹姆斯·奥多(James Oddo)对全国儿童当前的健康趋势提出了批评。
“看看数据。看看儿童肥胖症。看看糖尿病前期的诊断。看看65%的12-14岁的美国孩子表现出早期胆固醇疾病的迹象。然后，也许你会接受这样一个事实：我们不能以同样的方式继续做事，包括欢迎无肉星期一的想法，“他在一份声明中说。<|endoftext|>Once upon a time there were far more traditional foods consumed on particular days. Only Christmas Cake and Easter Eggs remain with fragile certainty. Who has Black Bun at Hogmanay, or Simnel Cake on Mothering Sunday anymore? And our local supermarket – the Twelve Days of Christmas barely over and some folk still tardy with removing the tinsel from the house – has Hot Cross Buns already! What is the traditional food world coming to? Food Things Fall Apart, and I am not happy about it.
As for the personal celebrations and milestones, even the white iced wedding cake can no longer be assumed, it has been usurped by chocolate mud cake and pyramids of vegan cupcakes and the like. And does anyone offer Groaning Cake and Groaning Cheese anymore, when the lady of the house has just been safely confined? And at the other end of life, where is the funeral bread?
The son of George Browne of
Arval bread was a type of bread provided at funerals, particularly in the North of England. No doubt it was different from region to region, as it is variously described as a ‘particular kind of loaf’, ‘a thin, light and sweet cake’, a ‘funeral loaf spiced with spiced with cinnamon, nutmeg, sugar, and raisins, and ‘a coarse cake, composed of flour, water, yeast, currants, and some kind of spice; in form round, about eight inches in diameter, and the upper surface scored, perhaps exhibiting originally the sign of the cross.’ Remember, this was a century and a half before baking powder was developed, and a ‘cake’ was a sweet, fruity bread dough – which is why it was sometimes called Arval Cake. It was provided not just as sustenance at the wake, but mourners were given it to take home, and it was also distributed to the poor.
The word ‘arval’ is connected with ideas of kinship and inheritance - including inherited obligations and responsibilities. The arval dinner and arval bread were intended (according to Hazlitt) ‘to exculpate the heir and those entitled to the possessions of the deceased from fines and mulcts to the Lord of the Manor, and from all accusations of having used violence; so that the persons then convened might avouch that the person died fairly and without any personal injury.’ A heavy responsibility for a loaf of bread. The world should not have gotten rid of such a useful food.
There is then, no single, inviolable recipe for arval bread, but I offer you one from George Browne’s era that I am sure would do quite nicely. It is from The pastry-cook’s vade-mecum: or, a pocket-companion for cooks, house-keepers, country gentlewomen, &c. ... as also the art of distilling and surgery (1705).
To make Cake Bread.
Take to half a peck of Flower three pounds of Currants, rub’d dry in a Cloth, one pound and a half of Butter, half a pound of Sugar, a pretty deal of Cinnamon, half an ounce of Nutmeg, as much Mace, a good quantity of Ale-yest, and mix some Sack in it, temper all these with old Cream, and your Butter must be put in cold, temper it somewhat stiff, and let it lie half an hour to rise, then take a brown Paper and Butter it very well, and strow it well with Flower, and lay it under the Cake, then take Butter and a little Rosewater beaten well together, and wash your Cake over, and strow it well with Sugar before you set it in the Oven. Let your Oven be well heated.
Tomorrow’s Story …
An unfortunate invitation.
Quotation for the Day …
… I shall not hear your trentals*,
Nor eat your arval bread;
For the kin of you will surely do
Their duty by the dead.
… I shall not hear your trentals,
Nor eat your arval bread;
Nor with smug breath tell lies of death
To the unanswering dead.
Two verses from: Lines Written in the Belief that the Ancient Roman Festival of the Dead was called Ambarvalia, by Rupert Brooke.
*trental = A set of thirty requiem masses, said on the same day or on different days (OED).<|endoftext|>Encorus Group offers cost estimating services for projects, and one of the most important construction costs to consider is hazardous materials identification. This may come as a surprise, but there have been multiple situations in which projects experience significant cost increases and timeline delays due to unidentified hazardous materials.
Lead is often one of the first things that comes to mind when someone mentions hazardous materials. This was often included in paints before the 1970s. To determine whether there is lead in a material, a scratch test can be performed and sent to a laboratory for chemical analysis. One analysis method is using X-ray fluorescence, known as XRF testing. This is a non-destructive and cost-effective alternative to performing a scratch test. This will not give you a concentration of lead in the sample, but is used as a presence or absence indicator.
Asbestos was widely used in construction from the 1900s to around 1975. It can be found in insulation, caulk, mastic, and tiles. This material can cause several illnesses, including asbestosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma, or interstitial fibrosis.
There are two types of asbestos: friable and non-friable. Friable asbestos can break apart and become airborne. A good example of friable asbestos is the popcorn ceilings seen in residential and commercial buildings. This is the type of asbestos that you should worry about. Non-friable asbestos is more cemented and less likely to go airborne.
The most effective way to test for asbestos is microscopy. Within microscopy, there are three testing methods that can be used: PLM, or Polarized Light Microscopy, TEM, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and SEM, Scanning Electron Microscopy. These will be able to differentiate between which types of asbestos are on site, and what concentrations they are in within the samples. This will lead design of the abatement which will be required on site.
There are also tests to determine whether a material contains Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). These are managed by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Toxic Substances Control Act. The main threat of PCBs is the chance of causing cancer in humans. PCBs have been commonly found in caulk, electrical insulation fluid, and other materials that date back to the 1970s. Materials are usually scraped for a sample and tested in a laboratory to determine if there are PCBs present.
Many construction companies may not consider to test for hazardous materials, which leads to greater costs when the hazardous materials must be abated further into the construction process. In an effort to save money and increase efficiency, Encorus recommends that a hazardous materials investigation should be conducted to determine if any action needs to be taken before the majority of the construction processes commence. If you or your company requires any cost estimating services, contact Director of Engineering Design Tom Gilmartin at (716) 592-3980 ext 124 or [email protected].<|endoftext|>English ( b.1838 - d.1916 )
|Image size||7.1 inches x 10.4 inches ( 18cm x 26.5cm )|
|Frame size||13.4 inches x 16.9 inches ( 34cm x 43cm )|
Sold by Big Sky Fine Art; this original monochrome watercolour by Charles Staniland; dating from the late 1880s.
The work is presented and supplied in a sympathetic contemporary frame, mounted using conservation materials and behind non-reflective glass.
This is a watercolour depicting the execution of one Ali Bin Saif at Malindi, East Africa. Malindi is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. Malindi served as a slave trade centre in the latter part of the nineteenth century. In 1890 it came under the British administration, who abolished slavery there.
There is an ink and wash sketch in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection of a ship thought to be part of the same period of conflict. This is called “Off the Fashoda, fighting the Sud” (the Sud was a name for the native plant life in the water). That piece is dated 1898 and was reproduced in The Graphic in September of the same year. Another piece featuring one Major Marchand on the SS Dal appeared as an illustration in The Graphic in October 1898. It is believed therefore that this piece, the illustration of the execution of Ali Bin Saif, dates from an earlier date and may well have been the original painting for a newspaper illustration.
Charles Joseph Staniland was one of the leading British visual artists of the late Victorian period. He worked mainly as an illustrator and recorded many social and historic scenes of the day. He made regular contributions to the Illustrated London News and The Graphic magazine, and it was largely through illustrations such as his that the populous of the day saw what was happening in their world. His role was therefore an important one, making a vital contribution to the social knowledge and opinions of his age. His work has been cited as one of the inspirations for Vincent Van Gogh.
Staniland was born in Kingston-upon-Hull on June 19th 1838. His father was a merchant and it is possible that his international connections triggered Charles’ keen interest in social and historical matters both at home and abroad. Charles studied at the Birmingham School of Art under D.W. Raimbach and then in London at Heatherley’s, the National Art Training School in South Kensington and finally, from 1861, at the Royal Academy Schools. He lived at this time in St. John’s Wood.
Staniland became an accomplished and respected artist in both oils and watercolours and from the early 1860s he began to exhibit, in London and also the provinces. He exhibited some 87 works in all, including at the Royal Academy and the British Institute. His strengths were figures, historic scenes and marine works.
In 1875 Staniland was elected as an associate of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours, and he became a full member in 1879. He also became a member of the Institute of Painters in Oil Colours in 1883. (He resigned from the RI in 1890 and the ROI in 1896). Although he specialised in genre, marines and historical subjects, he also painted portraits and produced watercolours of still life and bird subjects.
Staniland simultaneously developed a prolific and successful career as an illustrator. Although he contributed to various periodicals he became a member of staff at The Illustrated London News, and later of The Graphic. He portrayed many of the social struggles of his time, and it is said that Van Gogh particularly admired his mining scenes.
Staniland’s work became much sought after and he began to also produce illustrations for books, especially popular adventure stories by authors such as George Manville Fenn and George Alfred Henty.
For most of his career Staniland lived in London, including Haverstock Hill. In 1893 he moved to Chingford in Essex and remained there until at least 1906. He died in London in 1916.
Staniland is remembered as a leading social realist of the late Victorian period and has made a significant contribution to our knowledge of historical events.
This original watercolour depicts a whitewashed courtyard in the Malindi region of Africa, There is a large crowd of native men, in traditional white robes and they are watching as a firing squad executes a male prisoner, Ali Bin Saif, who is stripped to the waist and bound to wooden stakes. His crime is not known. There is a double line of soldiers in uniform, no doubt to ensure an orderly process. A solitary Union Jack flies in at the front of proceedings, indicating that this is taking place on the authority of the British Army. Gunshot has just been fired, the deed is done, and smoke lingers in the air. To the rear is a large white building, possibly a headquarters or army barracks. Beyond the compound are palm trees and other smaller buildings. This is a solemn historic scene.<|endoftext|>E' l'organo più esteso del corpo umano. Svolge numerose funzioni: rivestimento, protezione, termoregolazione. La pelle è composta da tre strati: l'epidermide, il derma e il tessuto adiposo o sottocutaneo. La pelle è l'organo più visibile e riflette visibilmente lo stato interiore degli altri organi, in particolare fegato e intestino. La cura naturopatica della pelle si basa sullo stile di vita, alimentazione, uso di prodotti cosmetici naturali.<|endoftext|>I fatti sembrano inequivocabili: Eiaculare senza erezione fa male è davvero fruttuoso. In ogni caso, si conclude che si vedono i molti rapporti di test positivi utilizz
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can be targeted by the two approaches: such as passive targeting and active targeting.
Passive targeting involves the extravagation of drug preparation through leaky vasculature/capilary of tumor that results from abnormal angiogenesis at the site of tumor, resulting in accumulation and retention. This phenomenon was recognized as the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR effect) (Fig. 1) . In addition, administration of pH-sensitive drug release in the acidic microenvironment inside the cancer cell [5, 17] and particulate carrier phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytosis systems (MPS) and privileged localization in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) are considered as passive targeting .
The size of drug carriers and the abnormal and permeable vasculature of the tumor are the base for passive targeting . Most of tumors manifest an abnormally dense and leaky vasculature formed via stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In normal vasculature, particles larger than 2 nm are prevented from crossing between endothelial cells due to tight junction . However, in tumor vasculature, the tight junctions and basement membrane are disordered, allowing passage of particles ranged from 10 to 200 nm through the leaky neovasculature of the tumor and then retain in tumor site. Furthermore, the poor venous and lymphatic clearance system in tumor created an opportunity for the NPs to accumulate in the tumor with high concentration for a long time . However, the passive targeting occurs to almost all nanocarriers, deprived of a selective delivery, and insufficient tumor cell uptake.
The other, more advanced approach of targeting for oncology applications is the modification of surface of nanoparticles with a specific tumor-homing ligands . The ligands are known to bind to receptors that can be overexpressed on the surface of cancer cell. The ligands, with a selctive affinity toward a specific receptor or molecule differentially expressed at the target site, are presented on the surface of nanocarriers, resulting in the selective accumulation and cellular uptake at the site of action . This strategy significantly increases accumulation and retention of NPs in the tumor vasculature and specific and successful internalization by target tumor cells, which is known as “active tumor targeting”. The ligands that have been used to modify NPs includes monoclonal antibodies, folic acid, hyaluronic acid, albumin, vitamins (folate, vitamin B12, thiamine, and biotin), transferrin, lectins, aptamers, and peptides [5, 18, 19, 24].
Depending on the degree of penetration, active targeting may occur at the tissue, cell, or subcellular level. In solid tumors it is vital to remember that, the active targeting process starts with the accumulation of the drug delivery system in the tumor tissue by passive targeting, therefore, any actively targeted carrier need to fulfill the basic requirements mentioned for passively targeted systems .
Effective targeting drug to tumors is achieved by using a combination of different independent concepts such as the events of EPR effect, the design and properties of nanoparticles, increased the circulation time by PEGylation, and ligand– receptor type interactions. . The other important aspect in cancer treatment is targeting circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The existence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is closely related to tumor metastasis, which is accountable for more than 90% of deaths due to cancer . CTCs often express sialylated carbohydrate ligands that bind to selectin protein on their surfaces. Therefore, selective targeting as well as killing of CTCs could be achieved by using E-selectin functionalized nanocarriers.
Recently, carrier-based strategies have been employed to circumvent the majority of the obstacles in the delivery of anticancer drug. Among the numerous approaches, nanocarriers particularly in the size range of 10 to 100 nm offer some unique properties , and capable of transporting anticancer agents (drugs with small molecular weight or macromolecules as genes or proteins) to tumor tissue and achieving a cytotoxic concentration several-fold higher in the tumors with a reduced toxicity to the rest part of the body compared with free drugs [2, 28].
The emerging of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is to overcome the limitations that are inherent with conventional drug delivery methods, which are nonspecific biodistribution, inefficient cellular uptake, and low therapeutic. In addition, nanocarriers offer protection of the drug from degradation and, decrease the renal elimination and increase its half- life in the circulation, augment the payload of cytotoxic drugs, allow the controlled release kinetics of the drugs, improve the solubility, and also possess the potential ability to bypass multidrug-resistance mechanisms (MDR) , by various approaches .
The unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs), such as large surface-to-volume ratio,
small size, the potential to encapsulate wide varieties of drugs, and modifiable surface chemistry, offer them several advantages, including multivalent surface modification with targeting ligands, efficient navigation of the complex in vivo environment, improve internalization by the cancer cell, and allow the sustained release of drug payload. These benefits make NPs a potentially superior approach of treatment to traditional cancer therapies . The size and surface charge of NPs are known to affect the half-life and biodistribution of NPs significantly. The larger NPs (>100 nm) are usually cleared from the circulation by phagocytosis. Similarly, the very small nanoparticles of particle size less than 10 nm has a high rate of clearance. The positive charge on the surface of particles assists internalization into the cancer cells. Moreover, surface modification of NPs with some polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) can also increase the circulation time of particles via inhibition of clearance by reticuloendothelial system and increasing the accumulation of NPs in tumor site but, it can affect the cellular uptake by cancer cells .
To date, several types of nanocarriers have been emerged for the drug delivery of chemotherapeutic agents including magnetic and metallic nanoparticles, such as iron oxide or gold nanoparticles, silver NPs , nanodiamond, carbon based structures(graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes), polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, hydrogel-based delivery systems, and silica-based nanoparticles, lipid based NPs (liposomes(LP), solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier(NLC)) and Viral NPs and Hybrid NPs (combination of two or more of above) [34, 35].
Though nanoparticles are commonly considered as a promising concept for delivery of drugs to specific tissues or cancer tumors, the delivery efficiency in vivo remains low, and only a few of them are in clinical use including Abraxane®, Doxil®, and Myocet® that are approved by FDA [36, 37]. The main reason for the clinical failure of NPs could be due to the presence of different barriers which hinder internalization into the cancer cells after they penetrate into the tumor vasculature. Furthermore, in rapidly growing tumors, cancer cells are located adjacent to the endothelial barrier, and nanocarriers with targeting moieties will bind to the first receptors they find, not penetrating into the rest of the tumor There are also the issues associated with the possible toxicity and long-term effects of NPs made from non-biodegradable materials .
Chan et al, recently reviewed data from published studies conducted during 2005 – 2015 regarding tumor targeting with nanoparticles (passively or actively targeted), and concluded that, on average, nanoparticles demonstrate low delivery efficiency to solid tumors . It is clear that new novel strategies should be inaugurated . In attempt to overcome the above mentioned limitation of NPs, a wide variety of ligands have been used to modify the surface of NPs, permitting a selective recognition of different receptors or antigens overexpressed on the surfaces of tumor cell, improving the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents in tumors and minimizing their toxic effects . There are several targeting moieties that have been attached to the surface of NPs, and some examples are mentioned as follows.
Transferrin is a membrane glycoprotein which transports iron to rapidly growing cells . Transferrin binds to the transferrin receptor (Tfr) and gets internalized by the cells via endocytosis and finally dissociates the iron inside the acidic pH of the endosomes. Tfr are known to overexpressed in cancer cells up to 100-fold, which makes it as a promising candidate in targeted cancer therapy . Albumin-receptors on the plasma membrane are responsible for albumin uptake by cell . Albumin-bound nanoparticles have found to accumulate in the tumors by the EPR effect, and also by binding to glycoprotein 60 receptor that support the endothelial transcytosis.
The vitamins used for targeting potential includes folate, vitamin B12, thiamine, and biotin . Their receptor have been known to be upregulated in numerous human cancers. Particularly, the folate has been extensively used as a targeting moiety for nanocarriers.
Lectins are a group of sugar-binding cell surface protein receptors that distinguishes and binds to specific sugar moieties. Some of these receptors were well-known to be overexpressed in specifc cancer cells, e.g asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatic cancers . It is suggested that binding of surface carbohydrates with their ligands (lectins) leads to accumulation of glycans into the cells via the endocytotic process.
The conjugation of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the surface of nanoparticles (immuno-nanoparticles) can specifically target antigens or receptors overexpressed in tumors. EGFR is one of the mAb targets with a higher clinical relevance, which is known to be overexpressed in several type cancers . Aptamer is a single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules, with three-dimensional structures, having a specific high affinity to nucleolin protein on the surface of cancer cells . Additionally, E3 is known to targets and internalizes into a variety of cancer, including lung, breast, ovarian, melanoma, colon, glioblastoma, leukemia, and liver cancers.
Most recently, peptide-based targeting ligands has been attracting the attention of
the researchers and is the main concern of this review. It provides several advantages over other ligands in terms of cellular targeting, precise chemical structure and chemical stability. Manufacturing of peptides is inexpensive, and easy to scale up. Furthermore, peptide ligands show good biocompatibility and their proteolytic degradation can be inhibited by chemical modifications, such as the cyclization or addition of D-amino acids or . Moreover, peptide ligands are highly selective for target tissues or cells and multiple ligands can be conjugated to a single drug carrier to offer multivalent conjugation, thus increasing binding affinity to the target . The detail of cell penetrating peptide is presented in the following section.
One of the recent advancement in the field of molecular biology that appears to have an enormous impact on drug delivery of cancer therapy is the innovation of a tissue or cell penetration system[13, 49], Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) is a short peptides that able to pass through tissue and cell membranes via energy dependent or independent mechanisms; used to transport a wide variety of bioactive conjugates (cargoes) including proteins, peptides, DNAs, siRNAs, and small drugs, fluorescent compounds, nanoparticles and other substances into cells.
Besides the use of CPP as inert vectors for transportation of cargo molecules, the dual-acting CPPs which are both cell permeating and bioactive, have been emerging in now days. Studies have shown that some selected CPPs are known to produce bioactivity such able to safely modulate the intestinal paracellular barrier , act as neuroprotectants , induce apoptosis in cancer cells [53, 54] and suppresses breast tumorigenesis, in addition to act as cell-penetrating. More recently, a cell penetrating peptide obtained from azurin ( p28 ) has found to prevent phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, FAK and Akt, leads to inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis .
CPPs can be conjugated to cargoes either by non-covalent complex formation or by covalent bonds. Covalent conjugation of a CPP may be obtained chemically through disulfide bonds, amine bonds, or specific linkers that enable the release of the cargo when internalized into the cell . However, the possibility to change the bioactivities of the conjugates is the main risk of the covalent conjugation of CPP . Furthermore, the covalent methods are associated with problems such as lack of suitable reactive groups on the polymer, unstable intermediates, and inefficient coupling and purification. In these case, non-covalent approach seem more appropriate . Non-covalent complex is formed by electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions between a positively charged CPPs and large, negatively charged cargoes .
CPP are extremely beneficial because they are biocompatible and the peptide sequence can be altered to fine tune hydrophobicity, affinity, charge, solubility and stability. They can also be readily synthesized in sufficient quantity . However, the lack of cell specificity remains the main limitation for further clinical study of CPP . Several approaches have been suggested to selectively target cancer cells using CPPs conjugated with targeting ligands. Among these, combined use of CPP with cell targeting peptides and activable cell-penetrating peptides, are discussed in the later section.
CPPs can be classified based their origin, function, sequence, or mechanism of uptake. According to their physicochemical properties, they can be categorized into three cationic, hydrophobic, and amphipathic peptides. Cationic CPPs are the peptides with highly positive net charges at physiological pH. Primarily they are originated from the basic short strands of arginines and lysines, for example TAT48-60 (GRKKRRQRRRPPQ), Penetratin (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK), and DPV1047 (VKRGLKLRHVRPRVTRMDV). Hydrophobic CPP primarily containing nonpolar residues, which have amino acid groups that are vital for cellular uptake, along with a low net charge, for instance, Pep-7 (SDLWEMMMVSLACQY) and C105Y (CSIPPEVKFNKPFVYLI) are some of hydrophobic peptides A third class of CPPs is the amphipathic CPPs, which contain both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar (hydrophobic) regions of amino acids. Pep-1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKKRKV) and pVEC (LLIILRRRIRKQAHAHSK) are the typical examples .
In another mode of classification, CPPs are categorized based on the origin of the peptide: Derived CPP, Chimeric CPP and Synthetic CPP. Derived peptides are protein-derived peptides, for example, TAT and penetratin, Chimeric peptides include two or more motifs from different peptides, such as transportan, derived from mastoparan and galanin, and its shorter analogue TP10. Synthetic peptides for example the polyarginine family[63, 64].For the detailed review on the classification of CPP the reader is referred to [50, 61, 63].
Lack of cell specificity, which is a major drawback of CPPs is mainly due to their electrostatic interaction. Generally the cationic type of CPPs bind to anionic components of the plasma membrane, and this is principally accountable for their membrane transporting properties .
To overwhelm the problem of non-specificity, researchers have introduced the Activatable Cell penetrating peptides (ACPPs). ACPPs are novel targeting agents comprising of a polycationic CPP attached to a neutralizing polyanion unit via a cleavable linker (Fig. 2). Adsorption and uptake of CPPs into cells are prevented until the linker is cleaved . In ACPP, stimulus-responsive materials are exploited to stimulate the selective display of CPPs within the pathological environment of a tumor, such as lower pH caused by building up of lactic acid or overexpression of extracellular matrix development remodeling proteases, or may be external application of heat or light to a disease site .
The lower pH in the tumor microenvironment compared with normal tissues can be exploited as a targeting strategy . The utilization of this approach has been known to improve the intracellular delivery of cargo molecules performed with CPPs. CPPs via shelter in nanocarriers with triggered exposure mechanisms, such as acid-degradable cross-links .
A number of studies involving different approaches of acid-activated CPP for tumor targeted delivery have been reported. For instance, Jin et al investigated acid-active peptide by amidizing the TAT lysine residues’ amines to succinyl amides (aTAT), completely inhibiting TAT’s nonspecific interactions in the blood compartment. The succinyl amides in the aTAT were quickly hydrolyzed, fully restoring TAT’s functions in the acidic tumor tissue or inside the cell lyso/endosomes. Thus, aTAT-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles resulted long circulation in the blood compartment and efficiently accumulated and transported doxorubicin to tumor tissues, offering a high antitumor activity and low toxicity to cardiovascular system. Moreover, Cheng et al also used pH activable cell-penetrating peptide (CR8G3PK6, ACPP) with of 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMA) as a shielding group, and functionalized with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to produce a novel prodrug (DOX-ACPP-DMA) for tumor targeting drug delivery. The shielding group of DMA conjugated to ACPP through amide bond between DMA and the primary amines of K6, which was used to inhibit the cell-penetrating activity of the polycationic CPP (R8) by intramolecular electrostatic attraction at physiological pH 7.4. However, at tumor extracellular pH 6.8, the hydrolysis of the shielding group resulted charge reversal, activating and restoring the original function of CPP for improved cellular uptake by tumor cells. After cell internalization, the overexpressed intracellular proteases would further trigger drug release in cells .
Another example, Regberg et al demonstrated that Peptides (PepFect 3) modified with a leucine/histidine sequence have been known to be pH responsive CPP. The modified analogues PepFect 3 has shown a significantly improved cellular bioactivity than the unmodified PepFect .
Most recently, the group of Yao developed the acid activated CPP by the introduction of some electron donating group such as Ethyl, Isopropyl, and Butyl to C-2 position of histidine of the CPP named as TH (AGYLLGHINLHHLAHL(Aib)HHIL-NH2), to form corresponding TH analogs (Ethyl-TH, Isopropyl-TH and Butyl-TH). The new TH analogs formed were linked to the antitumor drug camptothecin (CPT), and butyl-TH modified conjugate showed a remarkably stronger pH-dependent cytotoxicity to cancer cells than TH and the other conjugates .
Quenching of the cell-penetrating activity of the polycationic peptide by electrostatic interactions with the polyanionic domain can block the cellular uptake. However, tumor tissues, matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2/9), which are overexpressed in cancer tissues, cleaved the substrate and released the polycationic from the polyanionic domain, thereby stimulating cellular adhesion and subsequent uptake of the polycationic peptide(Fig. 2) [68, 73]. Shi et al developed a conjugate of ACPP with antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) which is sensitive to matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-2/9) to form ACPP
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Uznam (split between Germany and Poland)
- West Estonian archipelago (Estonia):
- Wolin (Poland)
Countries that border on the sea:
Countries that are in the drainage basin but do not border on the sea:
The Baltic sea drainage basin is roughly four times the surface area of the sea itself. About 48% of the region is forested, with Sweden and Finland containing the majority of the forest, especially around the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland.
About 20% of the land is used for agriculture and pasture, mainly in Poland and around the edge of the Baltic Proper, in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. About 17% of the basin is unused open land with another 8% of wetlands. Most of the latter are in the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland.
The rest of the land is heavily populated. About 85 million people live in the Baltic drainage basin, 15 million within 10 km (6 mi) of the coast and 29 million within 50 km (31 mi) of the coast. Around 22 million live in population centers of over 250,000. 90% of these are concentrated in the 10 km (6 mi) band around the coast. Of the nations containing all or part of the basin, Poland includes 45% of the 85 million, Russia 12%, Sweden 10% and the others less than 6% each.
The biggest coastal cities (by population):
Important ports (though not big cities):
The Baltic Sea somewhat resembles a riverbed, with two tributaries, the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia. Geological surveys show that before the Pleistocene instead of the Baltic Sea, there was a wide plain around a big river paleontologists call the Eridanos. Several glaciation episodes during the Pleistocene scooped out the river bed into the sea basin. By the time of the last, or Eemian Stage (MIS 5e), the Eemian sea was in place. Instead of a true sea, the Baltic can even today also be understood as the common estuary of all rivers flowing into it.
From that time the waters underwent a geologic history summarized under the names listed below. Many of the stages are named after marine animals (e.g. the Littorina mollusk) that are clear markers of changing water temperatures and salinity.
The factors that determined the sea's characteristics were the submergence or emergence of the region due to the weight of ice and subsequent isostatic readjustment, and the connecting channels it found to the North Sea-Atlantic, either through the straits of Denmark or at what are now the large lakes of Sweden, and the White Sea-Arctic Sea.
- Eemian Sea, 130,000–115,000 (years ago)
- Baltic ice lake, 12,600–10,300
- Yoldia Sea, 10,300–9500
- Ancylus Lake, 9,500–8,000
- Mastogloia Sea 8,000–7,500
- Littorina Sea, 7,500–4,000
- Post-littorina Sea 4,000–present
The land is still emerging isostatically from its subsident state, which was caused by the weight of the last glaciation. The phenomenon is known as post-glacial rebound. Consequently, the surface area and the depth of the sea are diminishing. The uplift is about eight millimetres per year on the Finnish coast of the northernmost Gulf of Bothnia. In the area, the former seabed is only gently sloped, leading to large areas of land being reclaimed in, geologically speaking, relatively short periods (decades and centuries).
Approximately 100,000 km2 (38,610 sq mi) of the Baltic's seafloor (a quarter of its total area) is a variable dead zone. The more saline (and therefore denser) water remains on the bottom, isolating it from surface waters and the atmosphere. This leads to decreased oxygen concentrations within the zone. It is mainly bacteria that grow in it, digesting organic material and releasing hydrogen sulfide. Because of this large anaerobic zone, the seafloor ecology differs from that of the neighbouring Atlantic.
Plans to artificially oxygenate areas of the Baltic that have experienced eutrophication have been proposed by the University of Gothenburg and Inocean AB. The proposal intends to use wind-driven pumps to inject oxygen (air) into waters at, or around, 130m below sea level
Since the Baltic Sea is so young there are only a few endemic species, such as the small cockle Parvicardium hauniense and the asexually reproducing alga Fucus radicans. However, several marine species have populations in the Baltic Sea adapted to the low salinity, such as the Baltic Sea herring which is smaller than the Atlantic herring. The benthic fauna consists mainly of Monoporeia affinis, which is originally a freshwater species. The lack of tides has affected the marine species as compared with the Atlantic.
The fish fauna of the Baltic sea is a mixture of marine species such as cod, herring, hake, plaice, flounder, shorthorn sculpin and turbot, and freshwater species such as perch, pike, whitefish and roach.
A peculiar feature of the fauna is that it contains a number of glacial relict species, isolated populations of arctic species which have remained in the Baltic Sea since the last glaciation, such as the large isopod Saduria entomon, the Baltic subspecies of ringed seal, and the fourhorn sculpin.
Satellite images taken in July 2010 revealed a massive algal bloom covering 377,000 square kilometres (146,000 sq mi) in the Baltic Sea. The area of the bloom extends from Germany and Poland to Finland. Researchers of the phenomenon have indicated that algal blooms have occurred every summer for decades. Fertilizer runoff from surrounding agricultural land has exacerbated the problem and led to increased eutrophication.
Construction of the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark (completed 1997) and the Øresund Bridge-Tunnel (completed 1999), linking Denmark with Sweden, provided a highway and railroad connection between Sweden and the Danish mainland (the Jutland Peninsula). The undersea tunnel of the Øresund Bridge-Tunnel provides for navigation of large ships into and out of the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is the main trade route for export of Russian petroleum. Many of the countries neighboring the Baltic Sea have been concerned about this, since a major oil leak in a seagoing tanker would be disastrous for the Baltic—given the slow exchange of water. The tourism industry surrounding the Baltic Sea is naturally concerned about oil pollution.
Much shipbuilding is carried out in the shipyards around the Baltic Sea. The largest shipyards are at Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Szczecin, Poland; Kiel, Germany; Karlskrona, Sweden; Malmö, Sweden; Rauma, Turku, and Helsinki, Finland; Riga, Ventspils, and Liepāja (Latvia); Klaipėda (Lithuania); and St. Petersburg, Russia.
European Route of Brick GothicEdit
European Route of Brick Gothic is a touristic route connecting cities with Brick Gothic architecture in seven countries along the Baltic Sea: Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
- Liepaja, Latvia
- Sopot, Poland
- Międzyzdroje, Poland
- Kołobrzeg, Poland
- Klaipėda, Lithuania
- Heiligendamm, Germany
- Świnoujście, Poland
- Kamień Pomorski, Poland
- Kołobrzeg, Poland
- Pärnu, Estonia
- Jūrmala, Latvia
- Palanga, Lithuania
- Nida, Lithuania
- Sopot, Poland
- Ueckermünde, Germany
- Ustka, Poland
- Svetlogorsk, Russia
The Helsinki Convention Edit
For the first time ever, all the sources of pollution around an entire sea were made subject to a single convention, signed in 1974 by the then seven Baltic coastal states. The 1974 Convention entered into force on 3 May 1980.
In the light of political changes and developments in international environmental and maritime law, a new convention was signed in 1992 by all the states bordering on the Baltic Sea, and the European Community. After ratification the Convention entered into force on 17 January 2000. The Convention covers the whole of the Baltic Sea area, including inland waters and the water of the sea itself, as well as the seabed. Measures are also taken in the whole catchment area of the Baltic Sea to reduce land-based pollution. The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, 1992, entered into force on 17 January 2000.
The governing body of the Convention is the Helsinki Commission, also known as HELCOM, or Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission. The present contracting parties are Denmark, Estonia, the European Community, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden.
The ratification instruments were deposited by the European Community, Germany, Latvia and Sweden in 1994, by Estonia and Finland in 1995, by Denmark in 1996, by Lithuania in 1997 and by Poland and Russia in November 1999.
See also Edit
|Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Baltic Sea.|
- Baltic region
- Baltic Sea Action Group (BSAG)
- Baltic states
- Council of the Baltic Sea States
- List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea
- List of rivers of the Baltic Sea
- M/V Estonia
- Nord Stream
- Northern Europe
- Ports of the Baltic Sea
- SS Cap Arcona
- Wilhelm Gustloff (ship)
- ^ Tacitus, Germania (book): Ergo iam dextro Suebici maris litore Aestiorum gentes adluuntur, quibus ritus habitusque Sueborum, lingua Britannicae propior. – Upon the right of the Suevian Sea the AEstyan nations reside, who use the same customs and attire with the Suevians; their language more resembles that of Britain.
- ^ (Swedish) Balteus in Nordisk familjebok.
- ^ Forbes, Nevill (1910). The Position of the Slavonic Languages at the present day. Oxford University Press. p. 7. http://archive.org/stream/positionslavoni00forbgoog#page/n9/mode/1up.
- ^ Dini, Pierto Umberto (2000) (in Latvian). Baltu valodas. Translated from Italian by Dace Meiere. Riga: Jānis Roze. ISBN 9984-623-96-3.
- ^ Hartmann Schedel 1493 map
- ^ Wend – West Wend. Britannica.com. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.
- ^ Chemical Weapon Time Bomb Ticks in the Baltic Sea Deutsche Welle, 1 February 2008.
- ^ Activities 2006: Overview Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 112. Helsinki Commission.
- ^ Sztobryn, Marzenna (2005). "Sturmfluten in der südlichen Ostsee (Westlicher und mittlerer Teil)" (in German). Berichte des Bundesamtes für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (39).
- ^ "Sturmfluten an der Ostseeküste – eine vergessene Gefahr? [Storm floods along the Baltic Sea coastline – a forgotten threat?]". Informations-, Lern-, und Lehrmodule zu den Themen Küste, Meer und Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement. EUCC Die Küsten Union Deutschland e. V.. http://www.ikzm-d.de/inhalt.php?page=129,2843. Retrieved 2 July 2012. Citing Weiss, D.. "Schutz der Ostseeküste von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern". In Kramer, J.; Rohde, H. (in German). Historischer Küstenschutz: Deichbau, Inselschutz und Binnenentwässerung an Nord- und Ostsee [Historical coastal protection: construction of dikes, insular protection and inland drainage at North Sea and Baltic Sea]. Stuttgart: Wittwer. pp. 536–567.
- ^ Tiesel, Reiner (October 2003). "Sturmfluten an der deutschen Ostseeküste [Storm floods at the German Baltic Sea coasts]" (in German). Informations-, Lern-, und Lehrmodule zu den Themen Küste, Meer und Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement. EUCC Die Küsten Union Deutschland e. V.. http://www.ikzm-d.de/showaddon.php?text=386. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
- ^ Geography of the Baltic Sea Area at envir.ee. (archived) (2006-04-21). Retrieved on 23 June 2011.
- ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition". International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Helsingin Sanomat, 16 February 2011, p. A8.
- ^ Derham, Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God from His Works of Creation (London, 1713).
- ^ Helsingin Sanomat, 10 February 2011, p. A4.
- ^ Helsingin Sanomat, 25 February 2011, p. A5.
- ^ Helsingin Sanomat, 11 June 2011, p. A12.
- ^ Sea Ice survey, Space Science and Engineering Centre, University of Wisconsin.
- ^ a b Alhonen, p. 88
- ^ PDF (352 KB), Jan Thulin and Andris Andrushaitis, Religion, Science and the Environment Symposium V on the Baltic Sea (2003).
- ^ Statistiska centralbyrån
- ^ Statistiska centralbyrån
- ^ Statistische Kurzinformation (in German). Landeshauptstadt Kiel. Amt für Kommunikation, Standortmarketing und Wirtschaftsfragen Abteilung Statistik. Retrieved on 11 October 2012.
- ^ "Oxygenation at a Depth of 120 Meters Could Save the Baltic Sea, Researchers Demonstrate". Science Daily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110418141617.htm.
- ^ Lockwood, A. P. M.; Sheader, M.; Williams, J. A. (1998). "Life in Estuaries, Salt Marshes, Lagoons and Coastal Waters". In Summerhayes, C. P.; Thorpe, S. A.. Oceanography: An Illustrated Guide (2nd ed.). London: Manson Publishing. p. 246. ISBN 1-874545-37-5.
- ^ "Satellite spies vast algal bloom in Baltic Sea". BBC News. 23 July 2010. Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100726191305/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10740097. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ Helcom : Welcome. Helcom.fi. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.
- Alhonen, Pentti (1966). "Baltic Sea". In Fairbridge, Rhodes. The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. pp. 87–91.
Further reading Edit
- Ojaveer H., Jaanus A., MacKenzie B. R., Martin G., Olenin S., et al. (2010). "Status of Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea". PLoS ONE 5(9): e12467. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012467
- Baltic Sea clickable map and details.
- Protect the Baltic Sea while its still not too late.
- The Baltic Sea Portal – a site maintained by the Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) (in English, Finnish, Swedish and Estonian)
- Encyclopedia of Baltic History
- Old shipwrecks in the Baltic
- How the Baltic Sea was changing – Prehistory of the Baltic from the Polish Geological Institute
- Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland – more prehistory of the Baltic from the Department of Geography of the University of Helsinki
- Baltic Environmental Atlas: Interactive map of the Baltic Sea region
- Can a New Cleanup Plan Save the Sea? – spiegel.de
- List of all ferry lines in the Baltic Sea
- The Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) HELCOM is the governing body of the "Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area"
- Baltice.org – information related to winter navigation in the Baltic Sea.
- Baltic Sea Wind – Marine weather forecasts
- Ostseeflug – A short film (55'), showing the coastline and the major German cities at the Baltic sea.
|This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Baltic Sea. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.|<|endoftext|>Recession is a word that has immense power, striking apprehension into the hearts of businesses, politicians and consumers alike.
Talk of a recession can also precipitate the very economic conditions that are so feared and it is worrying that the word is currently appearing regularly in the daily news media.
But is recession a useful concept especially in the context of increasing pressure to move to sustainable, rather than perpetual, economic growth, in order to combat climate change and global warming?
Should we keep growing?
The generally-accepted definition of a recession is, according to the Business Dictionary: a contraction in the GDP for six months (two consecutive quarters) or longer. It goes on to say: “Marked by high unemployment, stagnant wages, and fall in retail sales, a recession generally does not last longer than one year and is much milder than a depression. Although [they] are considered a normal part of a capitalist economy, there is no unanimity of economists on its causes.”
So, by these measures, the UK has its highest ever employment and rising wages and is not in recession. On the other hand, it is suffering from falling retail sales, apparently now online as well as on the High Street, as a result, we are told, of declining consumer confidence and worries over future job stability.
Clearly, an imminent recession has been a worry for some time, at least as far as the media has been concerned.
Over the course of the last two months, every time the latest confidence and productivity figures have been announced it has prompted speculation.
In early September, the Sunday Times reported data from MakeUK and BDO who both indicated falls in factory output and from the CBI (Confederation of British Industry) whose latest growth indicator showed a continued decline in services and distribution volumes.
Later in the month these same two bodies were reporting that domestic orders in the UK manufacturing sector had declined in the third quarter for the first time in three years as well as reporting weakening export orders.
Purchasing managers’ monthly indexes from IHS Markit/CIPS throughout the month showed declining confidence in the services, manufacturing and construction sectors.
And so it
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cranberries, and pumpkin pies, which are considered as the staple menu served during dinner. However, when the first Thanksgiving dinner was first celebrated in 1621, did you know that the Pilgrims and the tribesmen who attended that day feasted on deer, shellfish, corn, squash, and fish? Quite different from its modern version, right? Get to know more about Thanksgiving in this list of 10 Facts about Thanksgiving!
10 – Thanksgiving Stamp
Did you know that there is an actual Thanksgiving Stamp issued by the United States Postal Service? The commemorative stamp was issued by the agency in 2001, after being designed by famous artist Margaret Cusack. The overall style of the mark looks similar to traditional folk-art needlework, designed with an abundant cornucopia filled with fruits and vegetables. Above the symbol is the phrase, “We Give Thanks.”<|endoftext|>Definition of drawn-out in English:
Lasting or seeming to last longer than is necessary: after the long drawn-out years of waiting the end of the war was in sight
More example sentences
- Since then, the necessary drawn-out processes added to the personal anguish that he's clearly suffered.
- The fourth is the slow, drawn-out demise of Soho itself.
- And by this point, the process became so slow and drawn-out that they were ineffective.
Definition of drawn-out in:
- US English dictionary
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Robert Dudley, M.D., a physician in New Britain, Connecticut, told The Trucker, “Protecting yourself and others from the coronavirus is a matter of following the same recommendations to avoid any illness. Wash your hands. Use hand sanitizer. And, in the case of the coronavirus, avoid large crowds. Also, keep up with the latest from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).”
You’re probably thinking, that’s all a doctor can say? He doesn’t have access to inside information or recommendations not yet official, but something the CDC might soon release? Unfortunately, the answer is no.
Little information exists about specific measures one can take to prevent contracting or spreading the coronavirus. As of this writing, the best health officials have to offer is to follow the same guidelines recommended to avoid catching a cold or seasonal flu virus. But while most people recognize cold and flu viruses as illnesses everyone will occasionally have to fend off, the coronavirus is a new opponent. With the coronavirus lingering and the germs spreading it — in effect, under orders to infect as many living organisms as possible — increasing your deep-cleaning efforts is a wise move. After all, despite the advice we receive either from doctors or the media, as stated on ScienceAlert.com, “the coronavirus isn’t just like the flu.”
The coronavirus versus the flu: How they differ
According to ScienceAlert, while the coronavirus symptoms include the same aches and pains, sore throat, and fever that accompany the seasonal flu, the illnesses are quite different.
First, while the flu is a widespread illness affecting tens of millions of Americans each year, only 0.01% of flu cases result in death. To date, worldwide statistics suggest the coronavirus mortality rate is as high as 3.5%. Some public-health officials suggest this rate is inflated, but they generally agree the coronavirus mortality rate will probably settle at approximately 1.0%. That means the odds of dying after contracting the coronavirus are 1 in 100 — as opposed to 1 in 1,000 with the flu. The age and health of people who test positive for the disease both play huge roles in mortality rates.
In China, where the coronavirus pandemic began, a sample of 45,000 confirmed cases of the disease indicated death rates far higher among elderly individuals than the rest of the group studied. Officials reported that 14.8% of people age 80 and older who tested positive for the virus died as a direct result of virus-related conditions. In terms of serious but not necessarily fatal cases, 27% occurred in people over age 65, while 41% of victims were under age 50.
Surprisingly few children have tested positive for the disease, and none have died to date, a statistical anomaly being studied in hopes that children have some sort of immunity that will help researchers develop a vaccination against the virus.
While the public usually focuses on the death toll associated with any disease or illness, health officials say the danger of the coronavirus is more a matter of health systems becoming overwhelmed by cases requiring hospitalization and ventilators to support breathing. Hospitals in any city have a limited number of beds — and far fewer ventilators at their disposal.
When discussing the level of contagiousness of the coronavirus as opposed to the flu, researchers estimate that each person testing positive for the flu interacts with numerous people, 1.3 of which will also contract the flu virus. To date, statistics for the coronavirus indicate that for every positive case, two to three additional people will likely test positive. In other words, the coronavirus is approximately twice as contagious as the flu. Of course, each year many Americans are vaccinated against the flu, but the vaccination is not guaranteed to be effective. Of those vaccinated, a sizable number come down with the flu despite their proactive steps.
No vaccination is available to prevent the coronavirus, and depending on who you find credible, researchers suggest no effective vaccine will be available for at least 12 to 18 months. In the meantime, research trials have indicated that antiretroviral drugs may reduce the severity of some cases.
Other experimental therapies are being studied, but the sample sizes are too small for researchers to draw conclusions. While some trials have shown promise, delivering antiretroviral drugs to serious cases, as well as some experimental therapies, their sample sizes are too small to roll out to the general population.
Even if researchers suddenly announced a vaccine against the coronavirus, conducting widespread vaccinations would be a challenge. One researcher stated that the widely available seasonal flu vaccine is not provided to enough people to ensure what he refers to as “herd immunity.”
Although the coronavirus is an entirely different microscopic animal than the flu virus, the two do share some similarities.
As Dudley advised, the best way to protect yourself against either virus, at least at this time, is to practice good personal hygiene and limit interaction with other people. Frequent hand-washing, avoidance of shaking hands and making a conscious effort to avoid touching your face with what may be contaminated hands are all steps people can take to reduce their risk of contracting most contagious illnesses, including stomach viruses, more serious respiratory or gastro illnesses, and many others.
Check back tomorrow for Part 3 of this series, “Information: an overweight load destined for anxiety,” click here.<|endoftext|>Bir topluluk, Ebû Meyden (k.s.) hazretlerinin huzuruna girdiler. Ve şeytanın vesvesesinden şikâyet ettiler. Ebû Meyden hazretleri buyurdu:
-"Hemen şu saatte şeytan yanımdan çıktı. Ve o da sizden şikâyet etti. Bana dedi ki:
-"Arkadaşlarına söyle; onlar, benim dünyamı terk etsinler ki; ben de onların dinlerini terk edeyiml Onlar her ne zaman, benim sermâyem olan dünyaya saldırırlarsa; ben de onların sermâyeleri olan âhıretlerini karıştırırım, onları saptırır ve ma'sıyetlere sokarım..." dedi.
RÛHU'L BEYAN
İsmail Hakkı Bursevî<|endoftext|>2013 Yılının, Piri Reis'in 1513 Dünya haritasını çizişinin 500. Yılı olması ve bu nedenle, UNESCO'nun kutlama yılı kabul ve ilan edilişi üzerine Piri Reis ve eserleri hakkında pek çok yayın yapılmıştır. Bunlardan bazıları Piri Reis'in Kaptan-ı Derya olmasından, 1528 tarihli haritasının bir Dünya Haritası olduğuna varıncaya kadar, doğruluğu tartışılabilecek bilgileri içermektedir. Bu kitapta Piri Reis araştırıcısı Ülkekul, bu gibi iyi incelenmemiş bilgilerin hepsini olmasa da küçümsenmeyecek bir kısmını ele alıp, düzeltmeye çalışmıştır. Piri Reis'in hayatı ve eserlerine ilgi duyanların merak ve zevkle okuyacağı bir eser olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Piri Reis'e ait bütün bilgileri taşıyan kitap, önemli bir yayındır.<|endoftext|>معاون صندوق کارآفرینی امید گیلان خبر داد:
۶۰ درصد اعتبارات صندوق کارآفرینی گیلان مختص بوم گردی است
گیل نگاه: معاون صندوق کارآفرینی امید استان گیلان گفت: ۱۲۴ میلیارد و ۸۰۰ میلیون ریال اعتبار به این صندوق اختصاص یافته که ۶۰ درصد آن برای طرح های بوم گردی و اشتغالزایی پرداخت می شود.
به گزارش ایرنا یوسف پورواجد روز پنجشنبه در بازدید از صندوق کارآفرینی امید آستارا افزود: اعتبارات اشتغالزایی به صندوق کارآفرینی امید گیلان در چهار مرحله اختصاص می یابد و پیش بینی می شود تا پایان امسال، بیش از ۴۰۰ میلیارد ریال به بوم گردی و اشتغالزایی اختصاص یابد.
وی اظهار کرد: تسهیلات صندوق کارآفرینی به متقاضیان روستایی و شهرهای بالای ۱۰ هزار نفر، با نرخ سود شش درصد و در مناطق مرزی با نرخ سود چهار درصد پرداخت می شود.
پورواجد بیان کرد: سال گذشته با پرداخت ۴۳۴ میلیارد و ۸۷۸ میلیون و ۶۴۰ هزار ریال تسهیلات، برای حدود سه هزار نفر در استان شغل ایجاد شد و شهرستان آستارا در جذب اعتبار اشتغال، رتبه نخست گیلان را کسب کرد.
به گفته معاون صندوق کارآفرینی امید گیلان ، اشتغالزایی این صندوق در قالب طرح های پشتیبان، مشاغل خانگی و کارفرمایی صورت می گیرد و در حمایت از تولید ملی و کالای ایرانی نیز، فرصت های شغلی جدیدی در استان ایجاد کرده ایم.
شهرستان مرزی بندر آستارا با ۹۱ هزار نفر جمعیت در منتهی الیه غرب استان گیلان و همسایگی جمهوری آذربایجان واقع است.
کد مطلب: 178182
تاریخ: ۲۴ فروردین ۱۳۹۷<|endoftext|>Nicolò Frigerio Zeno nasce il 7 novembre 1965. Dopo una breve permanenza a La Spezia la famiglia si trasferisce a Taranto dove il padre presta servizio come ufficiale della Marina Militare. Da qui si spostano a Roma dove risiederanno fino al 1975.
Dal 1975 al 1978 insieme al padre che viene inviato in qualità di Addetto Navale Militare ed Aeronautico presso lo Scià di Persia , vive in Iran e frequenta la scuola italiana di Teheran. Nel 1978 rientra a Roma dove termina gli studi e svolge il servizio militare.
Nel 1989 gli viene affidata la gestione di Palazzo Zeno. Nel 1992 dopo aver restaurato parte del secondo piano nobile vi si trasferisce e dal quel momento diviene la sua residenza principale. Sempre nel 1993 acquista una società di spedizioni e la gestisce fino alla fine del 2005.
Nel 2005 in concomitanza con il rilascio da parte della casa di moda Roberta di Camerino del piano nobile di cui era affittuaria, inizia un importante restauro di tutti i saloni che terminerà alla fine del 2006. Da questo momento la cura del palazzo e dei beni della famiglia, inclusa la salvaguardia di un importante archivio storico, diviene il suo lavoro principale.
Sposato con Elena Scarpa ha due figli, Carlo nato nel 1993 e Giovanni nato nel 1997.<|endoftext|>Thank you for your interest! The guide is available for free indefinitely. To help us track the impact and geographical reach of the download numbers, we kindly ask you not to redistribute this guide other than by sharing this link. Your email will be added to our newsletter; you may unsubscribe at any time.
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Vehicle speed is the single most important indicator of the safety of a street. The higher the speed, the higher the crash rate and the injury severity rate. As such, it is imperative to manage vehicle speeds. Introducing high speeds into narrow, constrained corridors may cause traffic injuries and fatalities. While traffic enforcement can help manage speeds, it is not always available. Instead, speed management should be achieved through design complemented by intersection controls and supported by enforcement where possible.
Speed management lowers the likelihood of severe or fatal traffic injuries by reducing the frequency and severity of crashes. For pedestrians, speed management creates safe conditions for crossing, walking along the corridor, or sharing space with cycle or motor vehicle traffic. For cyclists, lower speed reduces the number of overtaking events, improves visibility and reaction time, and greatly reduces the severity of crashes that do occur.
Low and consistent traffic speed decreases noise and air pollution that result from acceleration and deceleration, while reducing stress for vulnerable road users.
Highway design is very limited, but as speed is lowered, the design palette expands. Speed management strategies include cost-effective, readily implemented techniques for streets of every size, traffic volume level, context, and human activity level.
Geometric Traffic Calming Strategies
Reduce speeding by introducing vertical elements such as speed bumps or raised pedestrian crossings, and horizontal elements like curb extensions, pedestrian refuge islands, or lane narrowing, into the streetscape. Comprehensive design techniques use visual and other sensory inputs to signal to drivers that they are entering an interactive, multimodal space, rather than a traffic-only space.
Combining multiple speed reduction treatments, slow zones, also known as limited-speed zones or home zones, can be implemented in areas with lower speed limits than the rest of the city, such as around schools or residential areas. These should be identified with self-enforcing gateway treatments and signs to alert drivers to the reduced speed limit. See: Designing for Pedestrians.
Roadway and Lane Narrowing
Narrowing lanes and reducing the total amount of space available to vehicles reduces speeding. On one-way streets, excess road width can be repurposed for pedestrian, cycle, and transit facilities. In places with lower traffic volumes, conversion to two-way streets can lower speeds and improve driver attention by requiring negotiation with oncoming traffic.
When set to cycle- and transitfriendly speeds of 20–25 km/h, signal progressions can remove much of the incentive to speed. This tool can be applied inexpensively and effectively on almost any signalized street regardless of size, and is especially easy to implement on one-way streets.
Set Speeds to Human Limits
The combination of speed and conflict produces deadly results. The human body’s limit to withstand impacts is the critical design parameter for urban streets. Safe walking and cycling require motor vehicle speeds to be set at survivable levels. The systematic way to eliminate fatalities is to eliminate highspeed interactions by:
Survivability of a crash is much better below 30 km/h. Younger and older users and conflicts with larger vehicles require even lower speeds. For the most vulnerable users and for heavy vehicles, there might be no survivable impact speed.
Reduce turning speeds at pedestrian crossings to 10 km/h, and drop top speeds to 30 km/h where cycles share a lane with motor vehicles. On streets where the interaction between people and motor vehicles is limited to frequent controlled crossings, speeds of 40 km/h can be permitted.
Rather than designing streets for speeds higher than the speed limit, target speeds should be set low enough that even non-compliant drivers will present minimal risk to pedestrians.
All streets must be easy to cross and should be designed to encourage safe crossings. Planned crossing locations must be frequent to account for the time spent by people walking to a crossing. On multi-lane streets, reduce the distances between crossing points, and reduce the distance (number of lanes) between pedestrian refuges, especially on streets that lack traffic controls.
Legibility and Uniformity
Safe streets can be read by their users—geometry, materials, and roadway markings communicate critical information, including appropriate speeds and where to expect other people and vehicles.
Reduced speeds expand the use of peripheral vision by drivers, widening the visual cone and increasing the chance of seeing people crossing.
Organize Large Streets, Share Small Streets
Large streets call for dedicated space for each user. On small streets or intersections with very low speeds, people can mix with vehicles safely. The appropriate tools of traffic operations and geometric design should be applied, depending on the level of connectivity and traffic volume on the street.
Accessible Streets are Safe Streets
Streets must provide accessible paths that meet the fundamental movement needs of all users, especially pedestrians in wheelchairs, the visually impaired, and people with strollers or baby prams. Inaccessible streets force the most vulnerable users into unsafe conditions.
Adapted by Global Street Design Guide published by Island Press.
Next Section —<|endoftext|>فرانسه موفق شد در مرحله یک هشتم نهایی جام جهانی 2018 روسیه آرژانتین را با نتیجهای پُر گل شکست دهد
به گزارش مرور نیوز، دیدار دو تیم فرانسه و آرژانتین در مرحله یک هشتم نهایی جام جهانی 2018 روسیه با قضاوت علیرضا فغانی به مصاف هم رفتند. این دیدار با نتیجه چهار بر سه به نفع فرانسه به پایان رسید که موجب کنار رفتن زود هنگام لیونل مسی از جام جهانی شد.<|endoftext|>آمارنامههای دارویی برای کارگزاران و سیاستگذاران این حوزه قابل استناد نیست
سید مرتضی آذرنوش، کارشناس و پیشکسوت در حوزه دارو
تاریخ انتشار :
دوشنبه ۱ بهمن ۱۳۹۷ ساعت ۱۲:۴۰
کد مطلب : ۳۷۶۱
سید مرتضی آذرنوش، کارشناس و پیشکسوت در حوزه دارو با بیان این مطلب به سالم خبر گفت: ما در سال 1363 به همت همکاران توانمندی در اداره کل نظارت بر امور دارو، آمارنامه ای که به عنوان IMS در دنیا منتشر می شد را با امکانات بسیار ضعیف آن زمان منتشر کردیم. واحد برنامه ریزی اداره کل امور دارو و معاونت دارویی و شخص دکتر منتصری برای سال های طولانی تلاش کردند تا آمارهای بسیار دقیق و اطلاعات صحیحی را پایه تنظیمات آمارنامه دارویی کشور قرار دهند.
وی اافزود: اگرچه این اقدام دشواری های خاص خود را نیز داشت؛ برای مثال تغییر سیستم دارویی کشور به سیستم ژنریک موجب شد بیش از 4 هزار قلم داروی موجود در کشور به یک فهرست محدود کمتر از 1000 قلم تبدیل شود.
وی با بیان اینکه ما برای تنظیم آمارنامه در آن زمان با دشواری
ها و چالش های فراوانی روبرو بودیم، گفت: برای مثال در نبود سیستم های الکترونیکی پیشرفته، مجبور بودیم از تشکیلات کامپیوتری سازمان تامین اجتماعی که در آن زمان بروزترین سیستم موجود در کشور بود، کمک بگیریم تا آمارنامه تنظیم شود. بنابراین هر چند امروز تعداد شرکت های تامین کننده دارو در کشور نسبت به زمان ما بیشتر شده اما به هر حال انتظار این است که با وجود امکانات الکترونیکی پیشرفته و انتقال ساده اطلاعات، سازمان غذا و دارو بتواند یک آمار
|
51 | 5 | 1 |
定还是有些差距的：
鹰击18
首先是动力系统有差距，起码按照俄罗斯海军自己的说法，“锆石”是扎扎实实地装备了超燃冲压发动机作为主动力组的，相比而言咱们直到十几年前年才正式攻克并列装了亚燃冲压发动机的YJ-12反舰导弹。至于超燃冲压发动机这种东西，虽然这些年陆陆续续能看到有一些项目被媒体报道，但是和美国人一样，正式拿出正样、取得重大技术突破或设计定型的到目前为止从公开消息来看还是零。
鹰击12
而在动力组搞不定的情况下，我们的高超音速反舰导弹较大概率应该跟前年被拿到第十二届珠海航展现场公开展出的CM-401这种反舰弹道导弹差不多，是一种使用了传统火箭发动机动力起飞、高空压下头体起滑、使用钱学森弹道飞行的高超音速打击器。
当然了，咱们也并不是说我们自己的高超音速舰射反舰导弹就比俄军的“锆石”差到哪里去：
DF-17高超音速导弹
毕竟以我军去年在大阅兵上公开展出的DF-17这种中近程战术导弹的数据来反推，我军的舰射高超音速反舰导弹尽管可能在动力系统、冲刺速度上不如“锆石”，但是冲刺速度高于典型的高超音速打击器的速度、达到跟DF-17差不多的水平是问题不太大的;而在射程上，应该也不会低于“锆石”标称的1000千米左右射程，甚至还有可能略微超出一些;在突防能力上，咱们的速度虽然低了那么一些，反而可能使得我军的舰射高超音速反舰导弹能够实施更多较为复杂的突防动作，从而大大提高强敌“宙斯盾”系统的拦射难度。
DF-17高超音速导弹
总之，以目前各主要军事强国装备的地导或舰射区域防空系统的性能来讲，想搜索、跟住、发射导弹打掉高超音速打击器，现役的所有防空导弹性能都差不多，就一个字：差。因此咱们的新“鹰击”也好，俄罗斯的“锆石”也罢，在舰队决战中都是大杀器级别的存在，既然都拦不住，也就无所谓哪个好哪个坏了。
更何况，目前俄罗斯海军的“锆石”也仅仅是装在舰上试射了一次，距离通过国家试验、正式设计定型并开始批产怕是还有段时间。
当然，考虑到我军一直以来都面临着极为巨大的舰队与航空制海压力、最近强敌海军新一年度的舰队战略又开始重提“强化制海权”和“舰队决战”，中国海军对反舰导弹的列装需求只会越来越大、性能要求只会越来越高。在这种情况下咱们就着现有的装备把难度较低的、使用火箭发动机动力组的高超音速反舰导弹尽快搞定，研发出“新鹰击”快速装备部队，也是完全正确的选项。
还在实验的某型高超音速平台
这也并不代表咱们未来就不会有同样使用超燃冲压发动机、乘波体气动构型的高超音速反舰导弹，那就让咱们继续期待好了。
郑重声明：本文版权归原作者所有，转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的，如作者信息标记有误，请第一时间联系我们修改或删除，多谢。<|endoftext|>Se acquisti uno di questi prodotti, Xerox ti regala a Natale Mi Band 3, l'orologio digitale Xiaomi che ti consente di messaggiare e ricevere chiamate da Whatsapp, nuotare e misurare il tuo battito cardiaco, contare i tuoi passi giornalieri e nel frattempo controllare che tempo farà.
Scopri quali sono i prodotti Xerox che aderiscono alla promozione.<|endoftext|>Olof von Dalin
Dalin, Olof von (ōˈlôv fən dälēnˈ) [key], 1708–63, Swedish historian, poet, and journalist, the foremost figure of the Swedish Enlightenment. In his successful career in the civil service, Dalin served as royal librarian (1737–39), tutor to the future Gustavus III (1750–56), royal historiographer (1755–56), and king's councillor (1763). His periodical, the Swedish Argus (1733–34), helped to introduce the Enlightenment in Sweden and won for Dalin the title "the Voltaire of the North." Dalin's prose masterpiece, the allegorical Tale of the Horse (1740), uses folk material to satirize the relations between the Swedish people (the horse) and the monarchy (the master). Most of his writings were more notable as skillful imitations than as creative efforts. They include essays, plays, lyric poetry, and humorous prose, all highly regarded in his time. His History of the Swedish Kingdom (4 vol., 1746–62) ridiculed confused theories of Sweden's Gothic origins.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Olof von Dalin from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Historians, European: Biographies<|endoftext|>As numerous studies have shown, the polar ice caps are disappearing at an alarming rate. Global warming or climate change, or however you choose to characterize what’s happening to our planet, will inevitably result in rising sea levels. Are we ready for this potentially calamitous eventuality? Of course not. (Silly question.) We’re not likely to prepare for it until it’s too late. In fact I doubt much (if any) of the federal stimulus money will go toward planning for a future where sea levels might rise as high as five feet. Instead we’re likely to see a lot of pothole remediation (shovel-ready projects!) and politically inspired pork (Bridge to Nowhere).
The ideas for this newer, wetter world will have to come from designers. In that spirit, the Bay Conversation and Development Commission out in San Francisco recently announced winners of the Rising Tides Competition. The competition, which drew 130 entries from 18 countries, challenged designers to create waterfront strategies that envisioned a 55-inch rise in sea level over the next century.
Instead of awarding the $25,000 grand prize to one winner, the impressive jury (Michael Sorkin; Walter Hood, the landscape architect; Marcel Stive, scientific director of the Water Research Centre in Holland; Denise Reed, a professor and water researcher at the University of New Orleans; and Tracy Metz, an American-born Dutch architecture critic) decided to split the prize six ways. Below is at the winners’ ideas:
Click the images for larger PDFs of the winners’ proposals.
Topographical Shifts at the Urban Waterfront, by Wright Huaiche Yang and J. Lee Stickles
100 Year Plan, by Derek James Hoeferlin, Ian Caine, and Michael Heller
RAYdike, by Thom Faulders
BAYARC, by a team of designers and engineers from SOM
Folding Water, by Liz Ranieri and Byron Kuth, of Kuth Ranieri Architects
Evolutionary Recovery, by Yumi Lee + Yeon Tae Kim, of LANDplus Design<|endoftext|>LOS ANGELES (CBS) — This weekend marks the end of daylight saving time which will mean an extra hour of sleep for most.
Like 47 other states, California will “fall back” one hour at 2 a.m. Sunday when daylight saving time ends and the state reverts to Pacific Standard Time.
Public safety officials are using the semi-annual clock changing exercise as an opportunity to remind people to change their batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, as well as flashlights.
Daylight saving time was adopted by the United States in 1918, partly as a way to cut down on energy use in the evenings. Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe daylight saving time.
(©2011 CBS Local Media, a division of CBS Radio Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Wire services contributed to this report.)<|endoftext|>طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور می تواند سرمایه گذاران علاقمند به این حوزه را از ابتدا تا مرحله سوددهی کمک کند. بازار تولید روغن موتور در داخل کشور بسیار رقابتی است چراکه نفت به عنوان ماده اصلی مورد نیاز برای تولید آن در نظر گرفته می شود. یک طرح توجیهی مناسب علاوه بر سودآوری از خسارت های مالی نیز جلوگیری می کند.
چرا باید کارخانه روغن موتور را راه اندازی کنیم؟
روغن موتور، نقش اساسی در عملکرد بهینه ماشین ها دارد چراکه با قرار گرفتن در میان قطعات متحرک از سایش و استهلاک آن ها جلوگیری می کند. با توجه به در دسترس بودن مواد اولیه مورد نیاز برای تولید روغن موتور، می توان یک کسب و کار سودآور راه اندازی کرد. یک طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور می تواند تمام هزینه ها و میزان سودآوری راه اندازی کارخانه روغن موتور را محاسبه کند.
وضعیت تولید، صادرات و واردات
ماده اولیه برای تولید روغن موتور، نفت است. به دلیل در دسترس بودن نفت در ایران، تولید داخلی بیشتر از حد نیاز صورت می گیرد. 80 درصد از بازار فروش روغن موتور به چهار برند داخلی اختصاص دارد. در نتیجه، فرصت های ایده آلی برای صادرات این محصول به وجود آمده است.
تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور با چه میزان سرمایه امکان پذیر است؟
با توجه به حضور برندهای مختلف تولید روغن موتور در بازار، تاسیس کارخانه تولید روغن موتور به سرمایه اولیه کلانی نیاز دارد. تولیدکنندگان داخلی روغن موتور رقابت بسیار تنگاتنگی با هم دارند. عدم سرمایه گذاری مناسب برای شروع کار می تواند شکست در رقابت را منجر شود. به طور کلی، حداقل سرمایه اولیه برای تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور، 10 میلیارد تومان برآورد می شود.
سرمایه اولیه 10 میلیارد تومانی برای تولید سالانه 30 هزار تن روغن موتور کافی خواهد بود. با این وجود، سرمایه اولیه برای تاسیس هر کارخانه به فاکتورهای متعدد ازجمله شرایط پروژه بستگی دارد. در نتیجه، سرمایه گذاران باید پیش از هر کاری به انجام محاسبات دقیق بپردازند. در طرح توجیهی کارخانه روغن موتور، مقدار سرمایه مورد نیاز با توجه به شرایط پروژه توسط مهندسان و کارشناسان محاسبه و ارائه می شود.
هزینه های تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور
برآورد هزینه ها در تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور بسیار اهمیت دارد. عدم انجام این کار می تواند خسارت های جبران ناپذیری به کسب و کار وارد کند. هزینه های تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور شامل هزینه خرید یا اجاره زمین، هزینه نیروی انسانی، هزینه های سربار تولید و هزینه های دیگر می شوند.
به این نکته توجه کنید که این هزینه ها باید به روز حساب شوند. محاسبه هزینه ها، یکی از مواردی است که باید به طور دقیق در طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور مورد بررسی قرار گیرد.
بازار فروش محصولات تولید شده
با توجه به تولید بیش از حد نیاز روغن موتور در کشور، بازار فروش این محصول در کشورهای دیگر نیز رونق دارد. به عبارت دیگر، روغن موتور تولید شده را می توان به کشورهای دیگر صادر کرد و از این طریق به سود قابل توجهی دست یافت. با این وجود، میزان فروش روغن موتور به برنامه ریزی در زمینه بازاریابی و تبلیغات بستگی دارد. مدیریت صحیح سرمایه گذاری و منابع می تواند تولید روغن موتور را به یک کسب و کار پرسود تبدیل کند.
مراحل اخذ مجوز و پروانه بهره برداری
یکی از مواردی که در طرح توجیهی کارخانه روغن موتور مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد، مراحل اخذ مجوز و پروانه بهره برداری است. سرمایه گذاران علاقمند به تاسیس کارخانه تولید روغن موتور باید از وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت (صمت) مجوز بگیرند. مجوزهای مربوطه بعد از بررسی استانداردهای محصول توسط کارشناسان وزارتخانه اعطا می شوند. امکان دریافت جواز تاسیس کارخانه و پروانه بهره برداری به صورت غیرحضوری وجود دارد.
وام و تسهیلات بانکی
تولید روغن موتور از سودآورترین فعالیت های اقتصادی تولیدی در حوزه صنعت به شمار می رود. به همین دلیل است که وام ها و تسهیلات بانکی متنوعی توسط انواع بانک ها و موسسات اعتباری در اختیار سرمایه گذاران قرار می گیرد. به منظور دریافت این وام ها و تسهیلات بانکی حتماً به طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور نیاز می شود.
طرح تولید بلوک هبلکس
طرح توجیهی نیروگاه خورشیدی
طرح توجیهی تولید سنگ مصنوعی
طرح توجیهی تولید زغال فشرده
طرح توجیهی کاشت صنوبر
طرح توجیهی کاشت پالونیا
ارزیابی سودآوری تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور
راه اندازی کارخانه روغن موتور در صورتی یک کسب و کار پرسود است که بر اساس شرایط و ضوابط درست سرمایه گذاری انجام شود. به طور کلی، سودآوری تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور بین 30 تا 40 درصد تخمین زده می شود. با این وجود، فاکتورهایی ازقبیل بازاریابی صحیح، کیفیت روغن موتور تولید شده و قیمت های رقابتی بر نرخ سودآوری یک کارخانه تاثیر می گذارند.
کارشناسان می توانند سود تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور را با توجه به هزینه ها و شرایط راه اندازی به طور کامل تخمین بزنند. این پیش بینی ها در طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور در نظر گرفته می شوند.
[irp posts=”59629″ ]
مهم ترین تجهیزات مورد نیاز برای تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور
به منظور راه اندازی و تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور به تجهیزات و ماشین آلات مختلفی نیاز پیدا می کنید. در طرح توجیهی کارخانه روغن موتور حتماً باید تجهیزات لازم برای راه اندازی یک کارخانه روغن موتور فهرست بندی شوند. به این نکته توجه کنید که این تجهیزات در برآورد هزینه های تاسیس یک کارخانه تاثیرگذار هستند. انواع روغن موتور به شرح زیر است:
- مینرال یا معدنی
- مصنوعی
- مونو گرید
- نیمه سنتتیک
- معدنی بهینه سازی شده
از مهم ترین آن ها می توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد:
- کندانسور
- تانک تقطیر و تانک اختلاط
- فیلتر پرس
- پمپ (پمپ خلا و پمپ دنده ای)
- تجهیزات همزن
- دستگاه لجن کش
- مخزن ته نشینی و مخزن زمینی
آیا تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور از نظر اقتصادی توجیه پذیر است؟
بازار تولید روغن موتور در کشور بسیار رقابتی است و سودآوری در آن نیاز به طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور دارد. به عبارت دیگر، 80 درصد از این بازار به چهار برند برتر یعنی ایرانول، سپاهان، بهران و پارس تعلق دارد. اگر قصد سرمایه گذاری در تولید روغن موتور را دارید، باید با 20 درصد از بازار کار کنید که البته بازار بزرگی محسوب می شود. با این وجود، تولید روغن موتور به دلیل در دسترس بودن مواد اولیه (نفت) از نظر اقتصادی توجیه پذیر است.
پیشنهاد به مطالعه: طرح توجیهی آماده سال 1402
طرح تولید بلوک هبلکس
طرح توجیهی نیروگاه خورشیدی
طرح توجیهی تولید سنگ مصنوعی
طرح توجیهی تولید زغال فشرده
طرح توجیهی کاشت صنوبر
طرح توجیهی کاشت پالونیا
طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور
طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور هر آنچه برای موفقیت یک کسب و کار نیاز است را ارائه می دهد. ارائه این طرح به منظور دریافت مجوز و تسهیلات بانکی نیز به عنوان امری ضروری در نظر گرفته می شود. طرح توجیهی یک کسب و کار معمولاً شامل برآورد هزینه ها، تخمین سودآوری، توجیه اقتصادی، تجهیزات مورد نیاز و غیره می شود. این طرح می تواند صاحب کسب و کار را از زمان راه اندازی تا مرحله سوددهی هدایت کند.
بزرگترین کارخانه روغن موتور
همانطور که گفته شد، تولیدکنندگان داخلی بسیار زیادی در زمینه تولید روغن موتور در کشور فعالیت می کنند. چهار تولیدکننده اصلی بازار، شرکت های بهران، پارسیان، ایرانول و پارس نام دارند که بخش اعظمی از بازار را به خود اختصاص داده اند.
سفارش طرح توجیهی اختصاصی
وام و تسهیلات بانکی مورد نیاز برای راه اندازی و تاسیس کارخانه روغن موتور تنها با ارائه طرح توجیهی اختصاصی بانک ها و موسسات اعتباری امکان پذیر است. موسسه استارت وی با بهره مندی از تخصص برجسته ترین کارشناسان می تواند به شما در زمینه نگارش طرح توجیهی کارخانه روغن موتور کمک کند. علاوه بر این، افرادی که سفارش طرح توجیهی اختصاصی به این موسسه می دهند، از خدمات پشتیبانی 5 ماهه آن نیز بهره مند می شوند.
به این نکته توجه داشته باشید که امکان اعمال تغییرات در طرح توجیهی تولید روغن موتور وجود دارد. پیش از ثبت سفارش طرح توجیهی نیز یک جلسه مشاوره تخصصی رایگان برای متقاضی برگزار می شود. کارشناسان موسسه استارت وی هر روز از 8 صبح تا 10 شب پاسخگو مشتریان هستند. آیا تاکنون اقدام به نگارش طرح توجیهی کرده اید؟ لطفاً تجربه خود را در بخش نظر با ما به اشتراک بگذارید.<|endoftext|>از زمان های قدیم، شفا دهنده ها توانایی جسمی فعالیت بدنی را به دست آورده اند. با این حال، اخیرا شواهد علمی نشان داده است که اعتقاد گسترده ای که جنبش بهبود می یابد، تایید شد.
امروزه تقریبا هر نوع داروی این حقایق اساسی را می شناسد:
1 ورزش ساده می تواند اثرات شفابخش عمیق داشته باشد.
2 "حرکات کششی" خاص می تواند به مبارزه با بیماری و بهبود سلامت کمک کند.
این مفاهیم توسط شفا دهنده های سنتی و دانشمندان مدرن، پزشکان شرقی و پزشکان غربی، طرفداران پزشکی جایگزین و متداول در نظر گرفته شده اند. در زمانی که بیماران و ارائه دهندگان مراقبت
|
51 | 5 | 2 |
new study finds.
Italian researchers compared 44 children with habitual snoring, 138 children with occasional snoring, and 627 children who did not snore. Of those children, 64 were obese, 121 were overweight, and 624 were normal weight.
The incidence of snoring among obese children was 12.5%, more than two times higher than that of overweight children (5.8%) and three times higher than that of normal weight children (4.6%).
The study is published in the May issue of the journal Chest.
-- Robert Preidt
Copyright © 2010 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
SOURCE: American College of Chest Physicians, news release, May 4, 2010<|endoftext|>Se il WEF non esistesse, bisognerebbe inventarlo
Malgrado il palpabile pessimismo, la riunione annuale del Forum economico mondiale di Davos si è rivelata preziosa. Lo affermano due partecipanti.
Intervista incrociata al presidente del Politecnico federale di Losanna Patrick Aebischer e a Christophe Beck, vice-presidente senior della multinazionale americana Ecolab.
Crisi economica, contraccolpo finanziario, necessità di trovare una soluzione alla questione dell'acqua, appelli ad agire per raggiungere gli Obiettivi del Millennio dell'ONU, regolazione delle pratiche capitalistiche, Pakistan e Afghanistan: la lista dei temi affrontati a Davos sull'arco di cinque giorni è lunga. Quali risultati sono stati ottenuti?
Prima di ripartire dal villaggio grigionese, due partecipanti elvetici al Forum economico mondiale (WEF) si confidano con swissinfo. Uno di loro è il presidente del prestigioso Politecnico federale di Losanna (EPFL), luogo di formazione, ricerca e valorizzazione del sapere. L'altro è uno dei rari stranieri che gestisce il settore americano di una multinazionale statunitense.
swissinfo: Cosa vi ricorderete del WEF 2008?
Patrick Aebischer: Due cose. Innanzitutto l'aspetto generale della collaborazione fra differenti settori – politico, accademico e industriale – e la ricerca di sinergie.
Secondariamente ricorderò gli aspetti inerenti alla mia attività di presidente dell'EPFL. Sabato ho partecipato a un incontro fra i venticinque presidenti delle più grandi università del mondo. Insieme abbiamo discusso di un certo numero di temi. Ad esempio dello sviluppo del sistema accademico in Africa o di come possiamo aiutare questo continente a sviluppare il proprio sistema educativo terziario.
Christophe Beck: Per lungo tempo, leggendo ed ascoltando quanto avevano da dire i partecipanti, ho avuto l'impressione che mitigavano i problemi del pianeta. È la prima volta che partecipo al WEF e ciò che più mi ha impressionato nella maggior parte degli incontri – soprattutto quelli privati – è la capacità di riconoscere e di affrontare questi problemi. I partecipanti discutono apertamente dei cambiamenti climatici, della povertà, degli squilibri, dei problemi della finanza.
Ciò che trovo ancor più interessante è il fatto che in generale si riconosca che tali problemi non potranno essere risolti se non verranno affrontati in modo diverso. Uno degli elementi che emerge dagli incontri è la necessità di lavorare insieme (imprese, governi, organizzazioni non governative, ecc.) per risolverli e trasformarli in opportunità per le imprese. Non ci si limita quindi all'aspetto prettamente caritativo.
I giovani d'oggi pensano spesso riferendosi a una rete, con Internet, Wikipedia, Youtube. Ma per la generazione presente a Davos tutto ciò è in parte una novità.
swissinfo: Questa edizione sfocerà in risultati concreti?
P.A.: WELCOM, la nuova piattaforma online creata in seno al WEF, ci permetterà di interagire più frequentemente.
Per quanto concerne le università, ho notato la volontà di costruire dei campus che rispettino i principi della protezione ambientale. Ho l'impressione che si vogliano adottare misure concrete in questo ambito.
C.B.: Discutendo con le persone che partecipano al WEF e che hanno fatto cose straordinarie, imparo e ne traggo i migliori insegnamenti per la mia attività ma anche per la mia vita.
Inoltre, abbiamo la possibilità di incontrare sull'arco di alcuni giorni delle persone che non avremmo l'occasione di incontrare in un anno intero. Personalmente ritengo importante questa ramificazione di contatti, che al contempo rende tutte queste organizzazioni più forti. Si sa a chi parlare, si ascoltano diversi punti di vista.
swissinfo: Il pessimismo generale in ambito economico vi preoccupa?
P.A.: L'attuale crisi dei mercati è senza ombra di dubbio inquietante. Ma i problemi veramente importanti sono il riscaldamento climatico, lo sviluppo sostenibile e lo sviluppo di taluni paesi che hanno ancora molto bisogno di introdurre dei cambiamenti.
Ad ogni riunione del WEF si discute di problemi attuali. Ma non possiamo negare che vi è anche la possibilità di riflettere su quanto accadrà nei prossimi decenni. Per quanto riguarda il clima, ad esempio, non troveremo un'unica soluzione già oggi. Ma è molto importante poterne parlare.
C.B.: Secondo me, il problema [della crisi finanziaria] si rivelerà molto più grave di quanto non si voglia ammetterlo. Generalmente il problema è riconosciuto come tale. Ma la gente tende a dire che il peggio è passato. Io non ne sono convinto.
Quando i soldi erano a buon mercato, molte imprese hanno investito nei progetti più redditizi. Ma ora che le liquidità sono meno disponibili e più care, alcune di esse si ritroveranno in una situazione critica. Queste difficoltà devono ancora avverarsi, sia negli Stati Uniti che nel resto del mondo. Occorre prepararsi a dodici-diciotto mesi relativamente difficili.
Intervista swissinfo: Pierre-François Besson a Davos
Traduzione e adattamento: Anna Passera
Aebischer-Beck
Dal 2000, Patrick Aebischer, 53 anni, presiede il Politecnico federale di Losanna (EPFL). È attivo nello sviluppo della terapia cellulare e genetica del sistema nervoso per il trattamento di malattie neurodegenerative.
È stato ricercatore negli Stati Uniti ed ha fondato due start-up attive nel settore della biotecnologia.
L'EPFL, istituzione molto innovativa, raggruppa sul suo campus oltre 250 laboratori e gruppi di ricerca.
Christophe Beck, 40 anni, ha studiato all'EPFL ed è vice-presidente senior di Ecolab. Si occupa dello sviluppo della strategia e del marketing. Prima di essere assunto, lo scorso anno, dalla multinazionale americana, ha lavorato per 15 anni alla Nestlé, dove ha rapidamente fatto carriera.
Ecolab è il leader mondiale delle soluzioni professionali per la pulizia e la disinfezione. I suoi clienti sono soprattutto gli attori del settore della salute (ospedali ecc.) e dell'alimentazione (con clienti come Nestlé). La sede principale della multinazionale è nel Minnesota. Ecolab impiega 23'000 collaboratori in 160 paesi.
WEF
Il Forum economico mondiale, che si chiamava inizialmente Management Symposium, è stato fondato nel 1971 a Davos da Klaus Schwab.
Oggi il WEF ha la sua sede a Cologny, nel canton Ginevra, e impiega circa 290 collaboratori.
Il suo budget annuale, che supera i 100 milioni di franchi, viene finanziato da circa 1000 aziende affiliate.
Oltre ad organizzare l'appuntamento annuale di Davos, il WEF promuove simposi, gruppi di lavoro e studi in diversi paesi del mondo.
L'edizione 2008 del Forum ha riunito 2500 partecipanti di 88 paesi attorno allo slogan "Il potere dell'innovazione collaborativa".
In conformità con gli standard di JTI
Altri sviluppi: SWI swissinfo.ch certificato dalla Journalism Trust Initiative
Partecipa alla discussione!<|endoftext|>Come sapere chi Retweets tuoi tweet su Twitter App per iPhone
Quando altri utenti di Twitter retweet qualcosa tu hai twittato, le parole e il nome utente Twitter visualizzare su loro diari e scadenze dei loro seguaci così come il tuo. In questo modo, le sue parole possono raggiungere un pubblico molto più ampio rispetto a tuoi seguaci di Twitter. Si può vedere in un colpo d'occhio che ha retweeted la versione desktop del sito Web, Twitter, ma se stai navigando Twitter sul vostro iPhone, si può rapidamente anche guardare chi ha ritwittato utilizzando l'app di Twitter.
Istruzioni
1
Avviare l'app di Twitter sul telefono e accedere al tuo account di Twitter, se richiesto.
2
Tocca l'icona "Connect" nel menu principale. Questa selezione di solito ha la "@" segno accanto ad essa.
3
Toccare il tweet ritwittato tuo menzioni. L'app consente di visualizzare un elenco di utenti che retweeted tweet sotto il tweet originale.
Consigli & Avvertenze
- Si vede anche che retweeted vostri tweets sul sito Twitter mobile visitando il sito sul vostro browser Web preferito sul tuo cellulare, accedendo al tuo account Twitter e quindi toccando l'icona "in un @ di Connect". Da lì, si può vedere che retweeted ogni tweet toccando il tweet e visualizzazione dell'elenco dei retweeters qui sotto.
- Informazioni contenute in questo articolo si applica a dispositivi mobili che eseguono iOS6. Essa può variare leggermente o significativamente con le altre versioni o prodotti.
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- • Come convertire Word Pad in Microsoft Word
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- • Requisiti di Adobe Dreamweaver CS4<|endoftext|>We looked and we saw him! The Cat in the Hat!
This week we celebrated Read Across America and Dr. Seuss
We started with The Cat in the Hat
...and practiced our written names.
Then, we read One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish
and used that as an opportunity to continue with our graphing practice.
Fox in Socks was a good opportunity for the children to laugh at my truly shameful attempt at reading a tongue twister
and for taking polls.
We read The Lorax
We read Horton Hears a Who!
Finally, we read Yertle the Turtle
and had fun trying to create stacks of turtles.
Our record was 8 without it toppling over.
We wrote all about it in our science journals
and replicated the stacks, 1-10.
You'd think we would be sick of Dr. Seuss. But, no. A landslide majority of the class painted their favorite Dr. Seuss moments throughout the week.
We didn't forget to learn about the letter Rr, though.
|R is for Racecars!|
We'll learn all about rainbows next week, but we definitely enjoyed the head start.
|r is for rainbow!|
We also traced Rr's in rice.
We had a really, really good week!<|endoftext|>The floreana coral is a marine organism only found in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. Corals are tiny polyps that are related to and look like sea anemones. Polyps divide as they grow and form coral colonies. As these colonies build up on top of each other, they gradually form as "coral reefs." Individual coral colonies can reach up to 1000 years old, forming very slowly over time.
The floreana coral is a scleractinian coral, meaning it secretes a stony cup of limestone around itself as a skeleton (as opposed to soft corals which are more sponge-like). In the water, the floreana coral is bright pink in color, and when dry, it is red-black.
Coral reefs can grow in a variety of places from sunny, warm open regions to dark caves. Floreana coral can be found on the ceiling of caves, ledges and overhanging rocks in between 6 and 150 feet deep in the water. They feed on zooplankton by capturing them in their outstretched tentacles.
The main threat to the species is climate change and increasingly severe naturally occuring weather changing events causing dramatic rises in water temperatures and reduced nutrient availability around the Galapagos Islands. Floreana corals are very sensitive to increasing temperatures. The unique biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands is recognised and valued, and the region is now protected and designated as a marine reserve, but unfortunately, these measures can not protect corals from the threats of natural climate change.<|endoftext|>"But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
3It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. "
-Romeo, Romeo & Juliet II.ii
First published in 1597, Romeo and Juliet is William Shakespeare's classic tragic play about two young lovers from rival families. It is the basis of West Side Story and other movies, books, etc. The balcony scene is probably the most famous theatrical moment in the English language (perhaps second to Hamlet's soliloquy).
Shakespeare didn't invent this story idea: Shakespeare was a playwright and many of his most famous works were dramatizations of historical events or works that were well-known in his day.
So, why has this play been banned and censored?
According to some, Romeo & Juliet encourages teen sex, disrespect of authority, teen drug use, violence and suicide.
What Romeo & Juliet really "teaches" is romance & beauty. It teaches culture and history. It is the ultimate story of tragic love for our culture & scores of literary, cinematic and artistic works refer to it.
When you deprive someone of exposure to a quintessential work like this, they will never have a deep understanding or appreciation of literature : half of all literature will be a mystery to them, as if they were hearing the punchline without knowing the joke.
When they start pulling works like these, that's what "education" becomes: a joke.<|endoftext|>2015年往后一切所在种种角逐展示14次，打入57枚单投。
这样也创造了3年来，大卫西芒同月地绝佳悉数。
仍旧21岁地大卫西芒涌现仍然闪烁大卫西芒所在2009年地三月到捌月3日往后，种种角逐寻事14场，打入12枚蹦投，平衡每场角逐打入2.5枚进球。
则所在即速地2009年地同月，大卫西芒11场角逐打入12枚隔扣，均匀0.85枚传球地悉数。
所在2014年、2017年、2002年、2005年、2008年、2015年，大卫西芒所在每年地捌月3日之中场均打入4据差别为3.27球、1.51球、2.3球、2.37球、3球还有2.13球。
则所在进入 究到 烤2015年之后，大卫西芒固然所在六月份之后便仍旧年满21岁，还是这样位马切拉特斯地水准情况却越发地超卓，他所在14场角逐中打入57枚篮板，均匀打入3.6球，这样九搏分效用是四年中最低地。
所在进入 究到 烤2015年之后打入地57枚进攻中，内里所在欧冠联赛展示四场打入两个跳投，所在意大利队角逐中展示双方次，打入单方双投，所在欧冠联赛展示11次，打入11枚进球。
21岁地大卫西芒反而面临了四年来绝佳地悉数，缘何会显现这种景况呢，前几28中非共和国地范布拉克尔电台表明，这样跟大卫西芒多年来坚持不渝地健身练级有巨大地关联，这样家媒介以至表明固然大卫西芒仍旧21岁，还是他生理年数只有40岁。<|endoftext|>Rising temperature is changing the timing of seasonal events and disrupting the interactions between species. It is also affecting rainfall patterns and is likely to lead to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. We have approximately 20 LTMN sites with an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) on site. An additional 8 sites have a representative weather station nearby and in the same climate envelop as the LTMN site. The weather stations allow us to record wind speed and direction, rain fall, air temperature, relative humidity, ground temperature and solar radiation. On sites where we are not collecting weather data we are investigating the accuracy and use of representative or modelled data.
We work in partnership with the Met Office for some of our sites and collect real time data polled hourly which can be found on the Met Office:Weather Observations Website.
The methodology for this protocol can be found on the ECN website.<|endoftext|>相比索尼专注于“主机生态”，微软更注重对“跨平台”的支持与整合，毕竟无论是Xbox平台，还是Windows xbox seriesxps5比較 PC平台，手心手背都是肉。 有個故事是，在一個完美的世界中，所有電玩愛好者的電視櫃都會擁有PS5和Xbox Series X。 不過，根據它們各自的發行售價和產品陣容，玩家多數會堅持使用其中某個平台，而兩大平台也提供了簡單的選擇：從PS4到PS5或從Xbox One到Xbox Series X都是合乎情理的，因為雙方都支援現有的遊戲庫以及提供幾款大作跨世代的選項。
索尼还为 PS5 设定了一个 SoC 的基准值，并将其作为 PS5 进行功耗平衡的计算标准，这样即便芯片本身存在体质差异，所有 PS5 主机在同款游戏在进入同样的场景时，性能表现都会是一致的。 XsX 和 PS5 在 GPU
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51 | 5 | 3 |
as much information as possible; emphasizing what is known versus what is uncertain. Such a complete disclosure is the only way I can remain credible while allowing the patient to make a fully informed decision.
My response to this question generally begins by telling the patient what is known about the risks of unsafe (unprotected) sex between HIV-infected partners. First of all, we know that in this situation, the spread of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and herpes remains a risk, as usual. What's more, these so-called traditional STDs are well known to be associated with serious complications.
Both gonorrhea and chlamydia initially can cause infections of the urethra (urethritis) and anus, or rectum (proctitis). Subsequently, these infections can progress to serious complications in these areas and even spread to other parts of the body. In addition, in women, gonorrhea and chlamydia are associated with increased risks of infertility and ectopic pregnancy, which at times can be life-threatening. (An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus; for example, in the tubes.)
Viewed from another perspective, however, in a monogamous relationship between HIV-infected partners, with good diagnostic screening, the problems of gonorrhea and chlamydia are usually not insurmountable. Thus, when diagnosed, these diseases are generally curable. The same holds true for syphilis, except that it can be difficult to treat. Finally, herpes disease, although manageable, is never cured, and once acquired, results in life-long infection.
Other sexually transmitted infections can cause serious diseases that may be difficult or impossible to cure. For example, hepatitis B and C both can be transmitted sexually and may be difficult to cure. Remember, however, that hepatitis B is preventable by vaccination. While hepatitis C is more frequently spread by exposure to blood (for example, during intravenous drug abuse), transmission can occur from sexual exposure. Moreover, when hepatitis C infection occurs, about 85% of cases result in a chronic (long duration) infection that may be difficult to treat and can lead to liver failure and/or liver cancer.
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is also sexually transmitted and cannot be eliminated. It is associated with cervical cancer in women and anal cancer in both men and women. Additionally, HPV is associated with an even greater frequency of these cancers in individuals co-infected by HIV.
The human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) has been strongly linked to Kaposi's sarcoma (a skin cancer in patients with HIV disease). Therefore, HHV-8 is clearly an infection worth avoiding if at all possible. However, it is not known just how the spread of HHV-8 occurs and how it can be prevented. It may very well be transmitted sexually. At this time, however, there is no readily available way of determining whether an individual is infected with this virus.
Another concern that frequently arises during our discussions on the risks of unsafe sex between HIV-infected partners is the possibility of acquiring another strain of HIV, in particular one that might be more aggressive (virulent) or perhaps one that is resistant to antiretroviral drugs. While this possibility often is the greatest worry among the patients, we unfortunately have limited information regarding the actual risk.
I always inform my HIV patients that we are on firm ground regarding our understanding of the risks of acquiring the traditional STDs, hepatitis B, HPV, and probably hepatitis C. The data are less clear for HHV-8 and regarding the possibility of HIV super-infection (infection by another strain of HIV on top of the one the person already has). It is worth noting that there have been increasing reports of cases of suspected superinfection. Although the data remains limited it suggests that when superinfection occurs it may be associated with CD4 decline and possible disease progression. Based upon this emerging data I believe it is important for people to be aware of this potential risk while this area of research continues to evolve.
In summary, individuals need to know the currently available facts regarding the risks of unsafe sex between HIV-infected partners. If they choose to assume the known and potential risks, they should be screened for the sexually transmitted diseases and treated when possible. Finally, the clinicians and patients must maintain an open dialogue regarding evolving issues and new information as it becomes available. Although one of the greatest challenges in HIV medicine is dealing with uncertainty, honest and open discussions between patients and their healthcare providers are always the best place to start.
Quick GuideHIV AIDS Facts: Symptoms and Treatments
United States. Department of Veterans Affairs. "HIV/AIDS: What Is 'Safer Sex'?" <https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/daily/sex/safer-sex.asp>.<|endoftext|>With governments around the world pushing to establish hard mandates on the use of biofuels and other renewable methods of energy production, we could be setting ourselves up to cause more harm than good. The U.S. Congress has set a target to raise the use of biofuels from 7.5 billion gallons to 36 billion gallons by 2022. That’s a 480 percent increase. That would push greenhouse gas production in the U.S. up by an order of magnitude.
At the same time, in order to produce these biofuels, farmland is cleared for the growth of ethanol-reliant crops. Clearing land for farming has a cost in greenhouse emissions, as does growing and harvesting these crops. Add that in to the cost of refining and burning these crops and we are generating far more emissions than simply using gasoline and oil.
Scientists in the U.S. and Europe have written letters to their respective governments warning them that biofuels in their current form will only exacerbate the production of greenhouse emissions and push the world further towards climate change.
The United Nations stated it wants to continue with the production of biofuels and reap any potential benefits. The organization admitted however that biofuels are not the silver bullet they were led to believe.
Dr. Searchinger is advocating a switch in gears for the production of biofuels. The use of organic waste in the production of biofuels would get around the problem of clearing and farming previously unused lands which cause so much of the greenhouse emissions that hold back any potential benefits of using biofuels. Using organic waste could also be well on it’s way to becoming a reality thanks to recent breakthroughs in this field.<|endoftext|>||Nylon is a good choice
for general-purpose pneumatic applications.
Although nylon is not as flexible as polyurethane it is much
stronger and has a higher pressure rating. Due to it’s
strength, nylon tubing can be manufactured with thinner walls
while still maintaining high pressure ratings. This walled tubing
allows for a higher flow rating for a given outside diameter.
In addition to it’s strength, Nylon is heat and light stabilized. Nylon’s
combination of high pressure rating, high flow rate, flexiblity, and toughness
make it the ideal choice for most compressed air systems.
Certain grades of nylon are also approved for use in air brake systems under
Nylon is also known as Polyamide and was the first engineered thermoplastic.
Nylon compounds are classified by the number of carbon molecules that they contain.
Common compounds used in tubing are Nylon-11 and Nylon-12.
Nylon is hygroscopic by nature, meaning that it tends to absorb moisture. The
compounds used in compressed air tubing generally keep the absorbtion rate to
under 1%.Surge pressure must be under the max. operating pressure. If
exceeding that value, fitting may be damaged and tubing may burst. The
values of the max. operation pressure are at a temperature of 20°C. Refer to the
burst pressure characteristics curve for other temperatures. Avoid abnormal
temperature Rise which may burst the tubing. The values of the min. bending
radiuses are at a temperature of 20°C, and O.D. variable rate 10% max.
In case that operating temperature is higher than 20°C, O.D. variable
rate may be over 10% even if bending radius is within the specified range.<|endoftext|>توقف جستجو برای یافتن زیردریایی ناپدیدشده آرژانتینی
نیروی دریایی آرژانتین عملیات جستجو برای یافتن زیردریایی مفقود شده این کشور را پس از دو هفته پایان داده است.
انریک بالبی، سخنگوی نیروی دریایی آرژانتین گفته است که به رغم تلاش های بین المللی زیردریایی و خدمه اش پیدا نشده اند.
به گفته آقای بالبی عملیات جستجو برای یافتن زیردریایی سن خوان دو برابر طولانی تر از زمان معمول برای نجات خدمه زیردریایی در جریان بوده است.
بیشتر از چهار هزار نفر از کشورهای مختلف در عملیات جستجو شرکت داشته اند.
امیدواری برای نجات ۴۴ خدمه زیردریایی آسیب دیده آرژانتینی هفته گذشته پس از آن که یک سازمان نظارت بر آزمایش های هسته ای از شنود یک صدای مبهم و غیرمعمول در آب های منطقه خبر داد، از بین رفت.
انتشار این خبر با واکنش خشمگینانه خدمه زیردریایی همراه بود که نیروی دریایی آرژانتین را به دروغگویی متهم کردند.
زیر دریایی سن خوان آخرین بار در پانزدهم نوامبر با پایگاهش تماس گرفته بود..
مقام های آرژانتینی پیش تر گفته بودند نفوذ آب به سیستم برق این زیردریایی آسیب زده بود.
به گفته آقای بالبی از این پس عملیات جستجو بر یافتن بدنه زیردریایی آسیب دیده ادامه تمرکز خواهد داشت.
خبرهای مرتبط:<|endoftext|>Lisa Houseman di “Dirty Dancing” oggi è una mamma a tempo pieno
Prima di interpretare la sorella minore di Baby in Dirty Dancing, Lisa Houseman, Jane Brucker, 56 anni oggi, partecipò a film come ‘Stealing Home con Jodie Foster, ‘Doctor Doctor' and ‘Bloodhounds of Broadway', "I maledetti di Broadway" con Madonna e Jennifer Grey (la Baby dello stesso film che la lanciò). Dopo il successo di Dirty Dancing, l'attrice si è ritirata a vita privata per dare alla luce la sua prima figlia, di nome Sally, alla quale successe la seconda, di nome Rachel.
Sposata dal novembre 2001 con il fotografo Raul Vega (in seconde nozze, dopo il primo matrimonio con Brian Edward O'Connor), Jane Brucker è nata il 14 maggio del 1958 a Falls Church, in Virginia, e il suo nome completo è Jane Rachel Brucker. Nella sua carriera ha vantato pellicole come Dirty Dancing – Balli proibiti (1987), Il sentiero dei ricordi (1988) e Wedding Album (2001). Attualmente vive a Los Angeles ed è una mamma a tempo pieno, che di tanto in tanto si concede audizioni per tornare al suo primo grande amore: la recitazione. Inoltre, scrive sceneggiature e fa parte dei volontari del Santa Monica Virginia Avenue Project, che si esibiscono in commedie scritte per i bambini con problemi.
L'interpretazione di Lisa Houseman le ha conferito una popolarità che per qualche tempo ha giovato anche alla sua carriera d'attrice, ma poi, come a volte accade, la scelta di una vita dedita alla famiglia e al ruolo di madre ha preso il sopravvento. Anche Cynthia Rhodes (Penny Johnson) ha fatto una scelta simile, ritirandosi in Illinois con suo marito e i tre figli avuti con lui, dopo essere stata inclusa nel cast di film come ‘Xanadu, ‘Flashdance, ‘Staying Alive' e ‘Runaway'. Non sempre il destino di un cast così sovraesposto segue la stessa direzione e in particolar modo quello di Dirty Dancing è stato alquanto al di sotto delle aspettative.<|endoftext|>在土耳其举办的Teknofest 2019航空展上，一架俄罗斯的苏-35战斗机远道而来，参加本次航展。在2019年莫斯科航展上土耳其总统埃尔多安在普京陪同下查看了苏-57、苏-35等俄制战斗机，土耳其官方也曾表态有意引进俄制先进战斗机，作为遭美拒绝交付的F-35战斗机的替代方案。
“俄罗斯与土耳其在反恐和军事合作领域达成一致意见。”8月27日，莫斯科国际航空航天展览会开幕，俄罗斯总统普京和土耳其总统埃尔多安出席开幕式。虽然两国一直以来在叙利亚问题上龃龉不断，但此次俄土两国总统却目标一致直指反恐与军事合作。
在会谈结束后的新闻发布会上，埃尔多安表示，土耳其将与俄罗斯共同生产S-400防空导弹系统。土耳其希望与俄罗斯在军事设备生产方面开展合作，并且将合作拓展到其他国防领域，可能是军用飞机。普京表示，双方讨论的内容不仅涉及军事技术合作，还包括民用、太空和航空领域的合作。双方讨论了联合生产飞机的可能性，特别是有关苏-35的合作，并探讨了新型苏-57合作的可能性。在两国总统会谈当天，俄罗斯开始向土耳其提供第二批S-400防空导弹系统。
土耳其空军目前的主要潜在作战对手是希腊空军。而据希腊媒体4月报道，希腊除了升级现役的F-16C/D战斗机至F-16V型以外，还正在考虑购买30架F-35战斗机。此前，F-35联合项目办公室主任马蒂亚斯·温特也曾表示，F-35战斗机的销售可能扩大到5个新国家，分别是希腊、罗马尼亚、波兰、新加坡和西班牙。在这种情况下，苏-35肯定不是土耳其的终极目标。<|endoftext|>Education is a fundamental right, and a vital aspect of guaranteeing access to a higher quality of life. Peru has entered the second decade of this new century convinced that in addition to improving the universal coverage of primary education, it must also ensure a quality education for all children and create the conditions necessary to improve the learning process.
As of June 30, 2011, there were estimated to be approximately 3.5 million children in Peru between the ages of 6 and 11, ages at which they should start and finish their primary education, respectively. The majority of these children speak Spanish as a first language, but there are slightly over 400,000 with another mother tongue. Despite steady advances in the country, there are still around 66,000 children between the ages of 6 and 11 (2%) who remain outside the formal education system.
According to the State of Children in Peru 2011, 94% of primary school-age children attend an institution at this level. This percentage is equal to the regional average for South America, and slightly lower than that in countries such as Argentina, Ecuador, and Uruguay.
Nationwide, there are no significant differences in access to primary education by gender, area of residence (urban/rural), or condition of poverty among children between the ages of 6 and 11: in each one of these cases, the net coverage of primary education is around 94%. However, the net coverage rate is lower among children whose first language is an Amazonian language, compared to those who speak Spanish, Quechua, or Aymara.
Lack of Comprehension
While Peru comes ever closer to achieving the universalization of primary education, there is a consensus that attending school is not necessarily translating into a successful scholastic experience for children, wherein they gain the knowledge and skills to which they are rightfully entitled.
The most serious educational problem affecting children in Peru is the low level of reading comprehension and mathematical reasoning. These are two basic skills of the learning process, without which Peruvian children will face limits to their comprehensive development and opportunities of reaching adulthood as productive members of society. According to the Student Census Evaluation (ECE), in 2007, just 15.9% of children attending second grade of primary school exhibited sufficient performance in the comprehension of texts, while this figure was only 7.2% in mathematics. For 2011, these numbers were 29.8% in reading comprehension and 13.2% in mathematics.
A similar evaluation performed in 2009 showed that with regard to both reading comprehension and mathematics, four out of the six departments where students exhibit the highest levels of learning deficiencies for second grade are located in the jungle: Loreto (96% and 99%); Ucayali (94% and 98%); San Martín (89% and 94%); and Madre de Dios (87% and 95%).
Poor Academic Performance
Peru also exhibits a considerable percentage of children who attend primary school, but in a grade lower than that corresponding to their age.
Nationwide, out of all children between the ages of 6 and 11 who are enrolled in primary education, 1 out of every 5 (20%) attends a grade lower than that corresponding to their age. While there are no differences by students’ gender, there are gaps by area of residence, first language, and conditions of poverty. The incidence of poor academic performance in rural zones (30%) is more than double that registered in urban areas (13%); levels among children living in extreme poverty (35%) is triple that of non-poor children.
Completion of Primary Education
The percentage of children who complete primary education between the ages of 12 and 13 years of age rose between 2003 and 2009. During this period, the percentage increased from 67.7% to 74.5%, i.e., an increase of 6.8 percentage points.
Nevertheless, there is still a wide gap between urban and rural areas. In urban areas, 84.7% of children complete primary school between ages 12 and 13, while in rural areas, only 60.4% do so. It is important to note that there are no significant differences between males and females.
With regard to school dropout rates, there are notable differences between urban areas (1.4%) and rural areas (2.3%) and levels of poverty: non-poor (1.3%), poor (1.8%), and extremely poor (3.2%). The department with the highest school dropout rate during primary education is La Libertad, with 4.4%, while those with the lowest dropout rate are Tumbes and Moquegua.
Sources: National Action Plan for Childhood and Adolescence 2012; and State of Children in Peru.<|endoftext|>A Roma, presso la chiesa di sant’Alfonso all’Esquilino, si venere una icona cretese del secolo XII: l’icona della Madonna del Perpetuo Soccorso. Seconda la tradizione l’effigie mariana fu rubata in una chiesa dell’isola di Creta da un mercante. La nave che lo riportava a Roma fece naufragio: tutti però si salvarono e il miracolo venne attribuito alla Vergine. Il mercante ladro custodì l’immagine a casa
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51 | 6 | 0 |
and some things that you love to do with them.
4th Grade: Interview your parent or grandparent. Ask them some of the following questions and some of your own, then write their responses down on paper.
- What is your full name?Where were you born?
- What were your favorite activities growing up?
- Did you have any pets? What were they?
- Do you have any special memories of growing up?
- If you could go back and talk to yourself when you were in 4th grade, what would you say?
5th & 6th Grade: Create a journal writing describing a fun adventure you and your family and/or friends have had.
Wednesday: April 15th 2020 Science Experiment: with family - you will need a rug or your hair, an aluminum can, and a balloon for each person wanting to race the can. Here is a link to Mrs. Chase and her son racing their aluminum cans. Have fun!
Link to video: https://youtu.be/2zO76_N6gZg
Supplies: Balloon and aluminum can.
- Watch the video
- Blow up Balloons
- Make sure you have an empty aluminum can
- Use a smooth surface (table or wooden floor) for the cans to race.
- Rub the balloon on your hair and create static electricity (or use a carpeted surface to create static electricity).
- Quickly put the balloon close, but not touching the can and pull it like a magnet with the balloon – the electrons are giving it the power to move.
- Watch the video.
Thursday: April 16th 2020 Math
Pre-K Highest Number Game: Play a game with your child using a deck of cards. Each person draws a card and let the child determine which is the highest number. The child then counts to that number.
Kindergarten Addition & Subtraction Game. Use a deck of playing cards to add and subtract! Take turns drawing cards. Draw two then add them or subtract them.
1st & 2nd Grade: The Greater than Less than Game. Use 1 to 2 regular decks of cards. 2-4 Players. Deal 3 cards to each player. Students try to make the largest 3-digit number. The player with the largest number gets all the cards. The Ace can be any number that you want it to be – it is a wild card. The King adds 100 to your number, the Queen adds 50 to your number, and the Jack adds 10 to your number. After all the cards are used – count the number of cards you have and the one with the most cards wins. To play it a different way – just reverse and the one who has the smallest number wins each hand. Have fun.
3rd & 4th Grade: Multiplication Game use a regular deck of cards. Shuffle the cards and deal out the entire deck to everyone playing. The first player will begin by drawing their top two cards and multiplying the numbers to find the product. Write the product down on a piece of paper. Once everyone has used all of their cards, each player will find the sum of the products written down on their piece of paper. Whoever has the highest sum, wins the game!
5th Grade: Make the Most Students can practice basic multiplication facts, finding the highest sum, and practice multi-step problem solving all at the same time. Directions: Select 4 cards from the deck. Make the Jack an 11 and the Queen a 12. (Take out the Ace, Joker, and King) The child must determine which combination of factors will create the highest products that when added will make the highest sum. For example, if they pull a 3, 7, 10, 4. Which two combinations, after multiplying, make the highest sum 3 x 7 and 10 x 4 or 10 x 7 and 4 x 3? The one with the highest sum wins and gets the cards – draw again.
6th Grade: Half the Recipe Here is a fun way for students to practice multiplying or dividing fractions. Start with a simple recipe for a favorite dish. Have them to calculate double or triple the recipe for their next large family gathering and write the new recipe down. Have them then find the amount of ingredients needed to make a smaller portion of the recipe just for them. They can divide it by 1/2, 3/4, 1/3 or 2/3. Create and enjoy!
Friday: April 17th 2020 Character Education: Mrs. Wise will be reading a book to you...W e will provide the link for you!<|endoftext|>یک شبکه تلویزیونی گرجی با پخش عمدی تصاویر آرشیوی مربوط به حمله روسیه به این کشور در یک بخش خبری ، موجب وحشت مردم این کشور شد
سرویس گرجستان/خبرگزاری آران
خبرگزاری آران / سرویس گرجستان : یک شبکه تلویزیونی گرجی با پخش عمدی تصاویر آرشیوی مربوط به حمله روسیه به این کشور در یک بخش خبری ، موجب وحشت مردم این کشور شد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری فرانسه، مجری این شبکه خصوصی اعلام کرد : تانک های روسیه وارد جاده منتهی به تفلیس شده و هواپیماهای این کشور بنادر و فرودگاههای گرجستان را بمباران کرده اند.
در پایان خبر، مجری با تکذیب این خبر جعلی، گفت : می خواستیم به این شکل نشان دهیم که می توانست چنین خبری صحت داشته باشد.
پخش خبر جعلی حمله روسیه به گرجستان میزان تماس های مردم را با بخش های فوریت پزشکی افزایش داد.
شبکه های تلفن همراه نیز به علت بار ترافیکی بالا از کار افتادند.
اقدام این شبکه با واکنش و عصبانیت مقامات دولتی روبرو شد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری "آپا" ، "مانانا مانج قالادزه" مسئول واحد مطبوعاتی و سخنگوی ریاست جمهوری گرجستان در پی پخش این تصاویر با اشاره به اینکه از سوی روسیه برخی تحریکات علیه گرجستان انجام می شود، افزود: با اینحال براساس نظر"میخائیل ساکا شویلی" رییس جمهوری اعلام می کنم که خطر حمله نظامی از سوی روسیه به گرجستان وجود ندارد.
پخش این برنامه در کشور روسیه نیز بازتاب داشته و به عنوان برنامه ای تحریک آمیز توصیف شده است.
گفته می شود که برخی از رسانه ها نیز با واقعی دانستن این برنامه اقدام به انتشار اخباری در این خصوص کرده اند.
پایان پیام.<|endoftext|>Güney Kore Dışişleri Bakanlığı'ndan yapılan açıklamada, Güney Kore'den Hwang Joon-kook, ABD'den Sung Kim ve Japonya'dan Ihara Junichi'nin, Pyeongyang'ın nükleer silah programı ve Kore Yarımadası'ndaki son durumu müzakere etmek amacıyla, önümüzdeki hafta Çarşamba günü Tokyo'da toplanacağı bildirildi.
Görüşmelere katılmak amacıyla, Güney Kore'nin nükleer müzakerelerdeki üst düzey yetkilisi Hwang'ın, üç gün sürecek ziyaret kapsamında, önümüzdeki hafta Salı günü Tokyo'ya gideceği belirtildi.<|endoftext|>肠道是我们身体中最重要的消化器官之一，参与着消化、吸收和排泄等功能。我们日常饮食摄入的营养物质基本上都要靠肠道吸收，而食物的残渣同样需要肠道排出体外。
肠道也是人体中重要的免疫器官之一，拥有着身体中最大的黏膜相关的淋巴组织，是我们机体的免疫的第一线，抵御细菌、病毒等有害物质侵入人体，在这个特殊的时期尤其需要保护我们的肠道，多食用一些可以清理肠道的食物。
大豆就是一种适合用来清理肠道的食物，这都是因为它丰富的大豆膳食纤维。膳食纤维有很强的吸水能力，起到软化排泄物、促进肠道蠕动的功效，可以起到预防、缓解便秘以及清理肠道的重要作用。
此外，有研究显示大豆膳食纤维有助于调节血糖、降低胆固醇，以及预防胃肠方面的一些癌症。摄入大豆膳食纤维还可以增加饱腹感，从而减少对其他食物的摄入，对控制体重也有一定的作用。<|endoftext|>Asiatic lilies belong in the genus Lilium, and are sometimes confused with that other popular garden plant, the daylily. Daylilies, along with lily-of-the-valley, calla lily, and water lily, are not “true” lilies; that is, they are not in the genus Lilium. True lilies include Easter lilies, Asiatic lilies, turks-cap lilies, tiger lilies, Madonna lilies, Canada lilies, and Oriental lilies — in fact, there are almost 100 lily species, hundreds of hybrids, and about 7000 registered varieties! The history of lilies dates back thousands of years and, as is the case with other plants that have been cultivated for millennia, their classification is complex and hybrids abound. Source: The National Gardening Association
The first lily known to western civilization was the Madonna lily (Lilium candidum). According to the Time-Life Encyclopedia of Gardening – Bulbs by James Underwood Crockett (1971), …..it is mentioned in history for the first time on a tablet that was inscribed in Sumeria nearly 5,000 years ago. The tablet tells of a city in Persia that was surrounded by fields of lilies and in fact was named Susa, which means lily. Some scholars believe the lily spread from Persia in the caravans of nomads who took edible bulbs along as food for their long journeys; occasionally they would drop one, according to this theory, and it would take root and grow where it fell. I’m not sure how much of this to believe. A reliable friend tells me that ‘susa’ doesn’t mean lily. As I recall from the conversation, he thought it was the name of a deity. Of course many things can share the same name – plants, deities, provinces, kings, etc. I wouldn’t even hazard a guess as to how many Rosas, Violets, Lilys and so on are reading this article, so it’s possible that the lily was named after a deity, or the other way around. Bas-reliefs of this white-flowered species have been found from Ninevah of 700 BC.
The Madonna lily also received great respect from the Minoans, who portrayed it on frescoes and pottery in 1800 BC Crete. They associated it with their goddess Britomartis. (for more info on history of this particular lily see http://www.gardenguides.com/flowers/bulbs/madonnalily.htm)
The “lilies of the field” mentioned in the Bible are now thought by most experts to have been anemones.
Narcissus and lilies were used in the funeral wreaths of ancient Egypt, and a bulb of it had been entombed with an Egyptian mummy (though Scheider doesn’t mention which mummy).
Our word, lily, was derived from the Latin word for this plant, lilium, which was in turn derived from the Greek word for it, leirion. The Greeks held this lily in such high esteem that they associate it with their queen of the gods, Hera, and in their mythology, tell that it first sprouted from milk of Hera. They used crocus, lilies, and hyacinths in ceremonial crowns as far back as 380 BC, and Theophrastus (the Father of Botany) wrote of them just before the third century BC.
As with so many other things, the Romans adopted the Greek respect for the Madonna Lily. They associated it with their queen of the gods. Their soldiers took it with them as not only food, but also making a salve for wounds and an ointment for burns from the bulbs. In this way, this lily was even introduced as far away as England. Not only was the burn ointment used till fairly recent times, European beauties, as late as the 19th century AD fought off old age with a salve prepared as Dioscorides (41-68 AD) suggested, being beaten small with honey……clear faces and make them without wrinkles. Yet another of Dioscorides lotions required much more work. This one required 3,000 lilies to make a single batch. This lily also made several appearances in the poems of Virgil (70-19 BC).
Skipping ahead to Christian times, respect for this flower was carried even through the change of religions. It was grown in Charlemagne’s garden in the ninth century and even into the 15th and early 16th centuries, when paintings of the Angel who had always been portrayed holding a scepter, now was portrayed holding a white lily. It was a symbol of the Virgin’s purity and her role as Queen of the Angels.
Because the introduction of Chinese and Japanese lily species to our society came during much more recent times, there is much more knowledge that survives about it. Japanese lilies were first introduced to the West by pictures from Engelbert Kaempfer in about 1690. These pictures included L. lancifolium, L. speciosum, and L. concolor, but they weren’t published till 1791. The next botanist in Japan was Carl Thunberg in 1775. He collected many bulbs and may have brought some lilies back with him. The bulbs of L. lancifolium, davidii, japonicum and the Gold-Band Lily (L. auratum), have been in the diets of Japanese, Koreans and Chinese for over 2,000 years.
The first collectors of Chinese lilies were French priests. The first was Pere Armand David, who collected in Mongolia and the area between Tibet and China from 1866 to 1870. Lilium davidii was named after him. L. delavayi was named after Pere Delavay, who was the second French priest collecting lilies in China. He collected in the Yunnan Province. Then came Peres Soulie and Farges. After them came Augustine Henry from 1881 on for several years in central China. He collected Henry’s Lily (L. henryi) on limestone cliffs in the Ichang gorges of the Yangtze River in 1888. Then he found the Regal Lily (L. regale) in Tibet in 1903. The newest species I know of to be found was L. ciliatum by Patrick Synge in N. E. Turkey and N. Iran in 1960.
With Easter coming on, I should probably say that it is now Lilium longiflorum, native to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. Those who get these plants, should know that they have been forced for flowering over the Easter holidays. If they are kept in the house till the flowers are finished flowering and then planted outdoors, they will come back and flower the next year. They will then flower even better the following year…….assuming they grow well in your area.
They come from the most tropical of Japan’s Islands, and aren’t adaptable to points north of there. They prefer an acidic or neutral environment, whereas southern California has extremely alkaline water and soil. They and all lilies require excellent drainage, whereas San Diego usually has hard-pan adobe – very similar to clay. If you have a spot in a reasonably sunny location with good drainage, by all means….give them a try. In most parts of the country, they prefer full sun. In the brightest parts, they’d appreciate some light shade. Don’t expect them to flower at Easter in your garden, their normal flowering period is midsummer. Source: http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Journals/Journal/266808<|endoftext|>"لوفرا | Lofra" شرکتی ایتالیایی که با بیش از ۶۰ سال سابقه در تولید "اجاق گاز" کمپینگ و "اجاق گاز" ضد زنگ و کورهای گرمایشی هست. شرکت "لوفرا" | "Lofra" با تجدید در رویکرد ها وسیاست خود تغییرات بزرگی را در این شرکت در جنوب ایتالیا ایجاد نمود. با تغییر این رویکرد لوفرا توانست کیفیت محصولات خود را به طور چشم گیری افزایش دهد به این صورت که با عرضه جدیدی از اجاق گاز لوفرا , تحول بزرگی در تولید گاز ایجاد کند. "قیمت گاز لوفرا" نسبت به بقیه رقبا از سطح بیشتری برخوردار است.
از اوایل سال ۲۰۱۰ کارخانه لوفرا | Lofra اسم خود را به Nuova lofra تغییر داد. این تغییر به این خاطر بود که مدیریت لوفرا با تغییراتی همراه بوده است. در آن سال ها ایتالیا دچار مشکلات اقتصادی میشود و لوفرا به همین ترتیب با مشکلاتی مواجه میشود در همین سو یک سرمایه گذار ایرانی با سرمایه گذاری در این شرکت توانست شرکت را دوباره احیا کنند.<|endoftext|>Un avviso di conclusione indagine per omissioni in atti d'ufficio è stato notificato dai Pm di Palermo al presidente della Regione Raffaele Lombardo, all'ex governatore Salvatore Cuffaro e ai sette assessori all'Ambiente succedutisi tra il 2003 e il 2010. Non avrebbero adottato misure imposte dalla legge per il contrasto dell'inquinamento atmosferico. Il caso ricalca le recenti vicende di Padova.
19 giugno, 2011<|endoftext|>Unravelling the Mysteries of Quantum Computing
In the mesmerizing world of computers and technology, a new player has entered the field, turning heads and raising eyebrows - Quantum Computing. This innovation is promising to revolutionise our understanding of computation and information processing. This article aims to unravel the mysteries of Quantum Computing, a concept that surpasses the conventional boundaries of computing, reaching into the realm of quantum physics. Delving into its core principles, potential applications, and the challenges it faces, this piece will serve as a guide to understanding this essential, yet complex, technology. So, whether you’re a seasoned tech enthusiast or a novice looking to satiate your curiosity, embark on this journey to understand how Quantum Computing could reshape our world.
Understanding the Basics of Quantum Computing
The realm of Quantum Computing can often seem complex and elusive. Despite this, a fundamental understanding of the technology can be achieved by breaking down its core concepts. A key component of Quantum Computing lies in the principles of quantum physics, such as superposition and entanglement. Superposition refers to the ability of a quantum system to exist in multiple states at once, while entanglement involves a strong correlation that exists between quantum particles regardless of the distance separating them.
These principles lay the groundwork for the operation of quantum bits or 'qubits', which serve as the basic units of quantum information. Unlike traditional bits in classical computing that can either be 0 or 1, qubits can exist in any superposition of these values, thus dramatically increasing computational power. Quantum physics, with its principles of superposition and entanglement, provides the scientific basis for the development and functioning of Quantum Computing, making these concepts indispensable for anyone seeking to comprehend this advanced technology.
The Power and Potential of Quantum Computing
The
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51 | 6 | 1 |
dealing with the Chinese, Greek and
Roman developments in philosophy
• Students can have already read Platos’s Allegory of the Cave, selections from Cicero, The
Confucian Analects, and the Tao Te Ching
• Group students in 4 groups and assign each group one of the Philosophers and give them time to research
o Due to lack of availability of access to our Media Center I usually assign this a week in advance so they can work at home and then give them 25-30 minutes in class to get organized.
o I tell them the while researching to focus not too much on the background of the individual philosopher but on their beliefs on the following:
– The role of government
– Leadership (what makes a good or bad leader)
– Room is set up in a ring (four desks in the ring in each corner) other desks behind each corner by group.
– Each person in the group will bring in research that will be checked (I stamp them just for
completion) those how did not bring research lose the right to participate and can only advise.
– All students must participate to get the participation points for the activity.
– For each round one person is in the ring. They may “tag out” but then they move to the back of the line.
– The teacher must set the time for each round and be the referee/announcer—it is the teacher that brings the excitement to the ring (using phrases like “oh my body slam by Confucius can Plato come back from that blow?” –I have even used music and crowd sounds to add to the fun)
– Each round starts with a quote the first philosopher to make noise with the whistle/bell goes first and then around the ring for set amount of time (I usually do 5 minutes for each quote)
– No attempt to keep score is needed (the kids usually do that on their own) they usually just enjoy the competition. Along the way the come to an understanding of what the similarities and differences are in the different philosophies.
1. Discuss with students what they have learned about each philosophy, how it affected the culture it came from.
2. Have students write 1-2 paragraphs answering the following
a. In what ways do you still the effect of these ancient philosophies in today’s political and educational world.
3. Throughout the semester ties what is going on in society back to these beliefs.
Have students do a short research project on the one Asian Country (Korea, China, Japan) and analyze how their philosophies still effect their culture and education and compare it to the United States and what they know.<|endoftext|>به گزارش بصیرت نو، احمد تمدن روز چهارشنبه (یکم اردیبهشت 1400) در توضیح بیشتر در این باره افزود: از این تعداد چاه یک حلقه توسعه ای، یک حلقه توصیفی و هفت حلقه تعمیری تکمیلی بوده است.
وی با بیان اینکه هشت حلقه از چاه های پیش گفته در گستره عملیاتی شرکت ملی مناطق مناطق نفتخیز جنوب و یک حلقه در شرکت نفت فلات قاره حفر و تکمیل گردید، متراژ حفاری در این مدت را شش هزار و 721 متر عنوان کرد.
معاون مدیرعامل شرکت ملی حفاری ایران در عملیات حفاری گفت: در زمان حاضر 23 دستگاه حفاری سبک، سنگین و فوق سنگین خشکی این شرکت در حال جابجایی در میادین و مناطق نفتخیز کشور قرار دارد.
تمدن یادآور شد: با تلاش مجموعه کارکنان سختکوش این شرکت، سال گذشته 116 حلقه چاه های نفت و گاز در مناطق نفتخیز خشکی و دریایی حفاری، تکمیل و برای بهره برداری در اختیار شرکت های متقاضی قرار گرفت.<|endoftext|>Dişlerini fırçaladıktan sonra diş etlerin kanıyorsa, belki de hormonlarını suçlaman gerekebilir.
1-Hatayı bir gün öncesinden yaptın
Bakterilerin diş etlerinde enflamasyona yol açmaları sadece 24 saatlik bir sürede gerçekleşebilir. Eğer bir gün önce dişlerini güzelce temizleyemediysen, ertesi günü küçük bir kan lekesi ile karşılaşabilirsin. Bir sonraki sefer dişlerini daha derinlemesine ve daha yavaşça fırçala. Kanama geçecektir. Kanamalarla 1 hafta boyunca karşılaşırsan, diş hekimine görün.
2-Hormonların yoldan çıkmış
Menopoz, adet dönemi ya da hamileliğe bağlı olarak hormonlarda değişimler gelişebilir. Buna bağlı olarak plaklara karşı daha savunmasız hale gelirsin ve bu da diş eti kanamalarını arttırır. Ağız gargarası kullanman işe yarayabilir.<|endoftext|>Temporal range: 90–0 Ma Upper Cretaceous (but see text) to recent
|Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk.|
Stotler & Stotl.-Crand., 1977
|Classes & Orders|
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular plants comprising the division Anthocerotophyta. The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. As in mosses and liverworts, the flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte plant.
Hornworts may be found worldwide, though they tend to grow only in places that are damp or humid. Some species grow in large numbers as tiny weeds in the soil of gardens and cultivated fields. Large tropical and sub-tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on the bark of trees.
The plant body of a hornwort is a haploid gametophyte stage. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter. Each cell of the thallus usually contains just one chloroplast. In most species, this chloroplast is fused with other organelles to form a large pyrenoid that both manufactures and stores food. This particular feature is very unusual in land plants, but is common among algae.
Many hornworts develop internal mucilage-filled cavities when groups of cells break down. These cavities are invaded by photosynthetic cyanobacteria, especially species of Nostoc. Such colonies of bacteria growing inside the thallus give the hornwort a distinctive blue-green color. There may also be small slime pores on the underside of the thallus. These pores superficially resemble the stomata of other plants.
The horn-shaped sporophyte grows from an archegonium embedded deep in the gametophyte. The sporophyte of a hornwort is unusual in that it grows from a meristem near its base, instead of from its tip the way other plants do. Unlike liverworts, most hornworts have true stomata on their sporophyte as mosses do. The exceptions are the genera Notothylas and Megaceros, which do not have stomata. The sporophyte of most hornworts are also photosynthetic, which is not the case with liverworts.
When the sporophyte is mature, it has a multicellular outer layer, a central rod-like columella running up the center, and a layer of tissue in between that produces spores and pseudo-elaters. The pseudo-elaters are multi-cellular, unlike the elaters of liverworts. They have helical thickenings that change shape in response to drying out; they twist and thereby help to disperse the spores. Hornwort spores are relatively large for bryophytes, measuring between 30 and 80 µm in diameter or more. The spores are polar, usually with a distinctive Y-shaped tri-radiate ridge on the proximal surface, and with a distal surface ornamented with bumps or spines
The life of a hornwort starts from a haploid spore. In most species, there is a single cell inside the spore, and a slender extension of this cell called the germ tube germinates from the proximal side of the spore. The tip of the germ tube divides to form an octant (solid geometry) of cells, and the first rhizoid grows as an extension of the original germ cell.[clarification needed] The tip continues to divide new cells, which produces a thalloid protonema. By contrast, species of the family Dendrocerotaceae may begin dividing within the spore, becoming multicellular and even photosynthetic before the spore germinates. In either case, the protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a hornwort.
From the protonema grows the adult gametophyte, which is the persistent and independent stage in the life cycle. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter, and several layers of cells in thickness. It is green or yellow-green from the chlorophyll in its cells, or bluish-green when colonies of cyanobacteria grow inside the plant.
When the gametophyte has grown to its adult size, it produces the sex organs of the hornwort. Most plants are monoicous, with both sex organs on the same plant, but some plants (even within the same species) are dioicous, with separate male and female gametophytes. The female organs are known as archegonia (singular archegonium) and the male organs are known as antheridia (singular antheridium). Both kinds of organs develop just below the surface of the plant and are only later exposed by disintegration of the overlying cells.
The biflagellate sperm must swim from the antheridia, or else be splashed to the archegonia. When this happens, the sperm and egg cell fuse to form a zygote, the cell from which the sporophyte stage of the life cycle will develop. Unlike all other bryophytes, the first cell division of the zygote is longitudinal. Further divisions produce three basic regions of the sporophyte.
At the bottom of the sporophyte (closest to the interior of the gametophyte), is a foot. This is a globular group of cells that receives nutrients from the parent gametophyte, on which the sporophyte will spend its entire existence. In the middle of the sporophyte (just above the foot), is a meristem that will continue to divide and produce new cells for the third region. This third region is the capsule. Both the central and surface cells of the capsule are sterile, but between them is a layer of cells that will divide to produce pseudo-elaters and spores. These are released from the capsule when it splits lengthwise from the tip.
|This section requires expansion. (June 2008)|
While the fossil record of crown group hornworts only begins in the upper Cretaceous, the lower Devonian Horneophyton may represent a stem group to the clade, as it possesses a sporangium with central columella not attached at the roof. However, the same form of columella is also characteristic of basal moss groups, such as the Sphagnopsida and Andreaeopsida, and has been interpreted as a character common to all early land plants with stomata.
Hornworts were traditionally considered a class within the division Bryophyta (bryophytes). However, it now appears that this former division is paraphyletic, so the hornworts are now given their own division, Anthocerotophyta. The division Bryophyta is now restricted to include only mosses.
Traditionally, there is a single class of hornworts, called Anthocerotopsida, or older Anthocerotae. More recently, a second class Leiosporocertotopsida has been segregated for the singularly unusual species Leiosporoceros dussii. All other hornworts remain in the class Anthocerotopsida. These two classes are divided further into five orders, each containing a single family.
Among land plants, hornworts appear to be one of the oldest surviving lineages; cladistic analysis implies that the group originated prior to the Devonian, around the same time as the mosses and liverworts. There are only about 100 species known, but new species are still being discovered. The number and names of genera are a current matter of investigation, and several competing classification schemes have been published since 1988.
Recent studies of molecular, ultrastructural, and morphological data have yielded a new classification of hornworts.
|The current phylogeny and composition of the Anthocerotophyta.|
- Stotler, Raymond E.; Barbara J. Candall-Stotler (1977). "A checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of North America". The Bryologist. American Bryological and Lichenological Society. 80 (3): 405–428. doi:10.2307/3242017. JSTOR 3242017.
- Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
- Chopra, R. N.; Kumra, P. K. (1988). Biology of Bryophytes. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-470-21359-0.
- Qiu, Y.L.; Li, L.; Wang, B.; Chen, Z.; Knoop, V.; Groth-malonek, M.; Dombrovska, O.; Lee, J.; Kent, L.; Rest, J.; et al. (2006). "The deepest divergences in land plants inferred from phylogenomic evidence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (42): 15511–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603335103. PMC . PMID 17030812.
- Kenrick, Paul; Peter R. Crane (1997). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 55–56. ISBN 1-56098-730-8.
- Duff, R. Joel; Juan Carlos Villarreal; D. Christine Cargill; Karen S. Renzaglia (2007). "Progress and challenges toward a phylogeny and classification of the hornworts". The Bryologist. 110 (2): 214–243. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[214:PACTDA]2.0.CO;2.
- Villareal, J. C.; Cargill, D. C.; Hagborg, A.; Söderström, L.; Renzaglia, K. S. (2010). "A synthesis of hornwort diversity: Patterns, causes and future work" (pdf). Phytotaxa. 9: 150–166.
- Grolle, Riclef (1983). "Nomina generica Hepaticarum; references, types and synonymies". Acta Botanica Fennica. 121: 1–62.
- Hasegawa, J. (1994). "New classification of Anthocerotae". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 76: 21–34.
- Renzaglia, Karen S. (1978). "A comparative morphology and developmental anatomy of the Anthocerotophyta". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 44: 31–90.
- Renzaglia, Karen S. & Vaughn, Kevin C. (2000). Anatomy, development, and classification of hornworts. In A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology, pp. 1–20. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66097-1.
- Schofield, W. B. (1985). Introduction to Bryology. New York: Macmillan.
- Schuster, Rudolf M. (1992). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian. VI. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.
- Smith, Gilbert M. (1938). Cryptogamic Botany, Volume II: Bryophytes and Pteridophytes. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
- Watson, E. V. (1971). The Structure and Life of Bryophytes (3rd ed.). London: Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 0-09-109301-5.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anthocerotophyta.|
|Wikispecies has information related to: Anthocerotophyta|<|endoftext|>University of South Florida
Panhandle beaches show signs of improvement[03.02.2011]
TAMPA, Fla. -- Many beaches in Florida’s Panhandle and in parts of Alabama hit hard by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill appear to have been thoroughly cleared of visible tar balls and layers of buried oil beneath the sand, but residual oil contamination can still be detected under UV lights, according to a new report from USF’s Coastal Research Lab.
In his most recent survey of the area’s beaches for a National Science Foundation project, USF Geologist Ping Wang found little to no visible tar balls on the surface, below the sand or in the swash zone -- where waves wash up onto the beach and typically deposit seaweed and debris -- in areas surveyed from Panama City Beach west to Dauphin Island, Ala.
In a three-day field investigation from Feb. 19-21, the researchers said any residual oil stain on the beaches only could be identified by ultraviolent light. There is little to no visible oil, nor have the famed sugary-white sands been stained oily brown, according to the report authored by Wang and researchers Rip Kirby and Jun Cheng.
That’s good news with spring break vacations right around the corner, and a relief to some tourist towns who had feared the damage from the spill disaster would be irreversible, said Wang, who is an associate professor in the Department of Geology.
USF researchers were among the first scientists to begin documenting the spill’s impact on the beaches through the NSF’s Rapid Response Grant. In addition to the thick sheets of oil that contaminated the beaches after the April 20 rupture of the Macondo well, USF researchers documented thick layers of oil buried inches beneath the sand by wave action and then later found that beaches that had been “cleaned” by BP remained contaminated when oil sheets were chopped into tiny tar balls.
Their work -- documented by National Geographic -- highlighted the need for more thorough cleanups. Again in August, the researchers still found oil contaminated the beach areas.
Since then, cleanup crews have subjected the beaches to “aggressive” mechanical cleanup which local residents came to call “dig-sift-refill”, Kirby and Wang said. A separate USF study headed by Professor Susan Bell, chair of the Department of Integrative Biology, and funded by the NSF is examining the spill’s effect on the small creatures whose habitats include the beach and the swash zone and who might have been affected by the cleanup.
“We found that most of the small surface residual tar balls on the beach were removed or further pulverized to sizes that cannot be identified with untrained eyes. The beaches appear to be in similar condition as before the spill, except the massive temporary tire/tilling tracks,” the researchers’ report stated.
The researchers paid particular note to tar ball distribution in the swash zone near the shoreline, and area where many beach visitors, particularly young children, tend to play. The scientists had been concerned that since weathered tar balls with sand grains were heavier than sea water, tar balls may concentrate in the swash zone and impose some risk to swimmers
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was alive. That was at least 50 years after Absalom’s death. (In fact, there is still such a column near Jerusalem. But its design does not seem ancient enough to be Absalom’s column. So perhaps someone rebuilt it later.)
Ahimaaz knew that the *Lord had saved David. Ahimaaz thought that David would be happy about this. But Joab knew David very well. He knew that David cared more about his son than about the battle. Joab also knew that David might become angry. (Compare this with the news about Saul’s death in 1:1-16.) So, Joab sent a foreign man. Joab did not want anyone from *Israel to die if the king was angry. But perhaps Joab cared less about foreigners. Cush is in the south of the country of Egypt. However, in 15:27-28 and 15:35-36, David had asked Ahimaaz (and Jonathan) to take news to him. Ahimaaz thought that this was still his duty. Ahimaaz was probably an important man in the army. He was also the son of the Zadok the priest. Joab did not want David to kill Ahimaaz. But Ahimaaz insisted that he wanted to go to David too. He may have taken a different route from the man from Cush. Or he may have just run faster.
David was worried about his son Absalom. David could not rest in the city. Instead, he waited and watched by the gates. The guard could see further because he was high up. He saw one runner, and then he saw the second runner. David really wanted good news. Ahimaaz was a good man. David thought that he would bring good news. Ahimaaz was wise. First, he praised the *Lord. Then he said that the *Lord defeated David’s enemies. But David’s first question was about Absalom. Ahimaaz knew that answer but he would not tell David. Ahimaaz let the man from Cush give David that sad news. Again, David’s first question was about Absalom. The man from Cush did not actually say that Absalom was dead. But David knew what he meant.
Verse 33 is one of the saddest verses in the Bible. David loved his son. David was very sad. His deep emotions even made him shake. But David also felt guilty. He had *sinned. Absalom’s death was part of the *Lord’s punishment (12:10). So, David believed that he deserved to die instead of Absalom. Three of David’s sons were now dead because of his *sin (Bathsheba’s son in 12:14-20, Amnon in 13:28-29 and Absalom in 18:15).
David’s soldiers had won the battle. They had saved David and his family. They had also saved his *kingdom. But David cared only about his son. Absalom had hated David, but David still loved him. David covered his face so that he could not see anyone else. He cried loudly so that he could not hear anyone else. David should have met his soldiers as they returned from the battle. They had been brave and loyal. They were happy because they had won the battle. David should have praised them. But when they saw David’s reaction, they felt guilty about Absalom. And they felt as if they were worth nothing to David.
Joab was angry with the king. Joab spoke very strongly to him. He showed that the king had insulted his men. Joab even told the king what to do. Joab knew that the soldiers were ready to leave David before that night. David was very sad about his son. But David was still the king. He had to do what was right for everyone in the country. And he had to act quickly before the situation got worse.
Absalom had divided the country. When people in a country fight each other, it causes a lot of trouble. This still happens in many countries today. David had to unite all the *Israelite *tribes. This difficult job would take a long time. Perhaps he never really managed to unite them. When King David died, his son Solomon became the king. When Solomon died, the *Israelites divided into two countries, *Israel and *Judah (1 Kings 12). They never became a united country again.
Absalom’s soldiers (called the *Israelites) had gone to their homes. Now, David came from the *tribe of *Judah. So first, he decided to send a message to the people of Judah. He wanted them to show that they were loyal to him. David’s message in verse 11 united the men of *Judah. But it did not help to unite *Judah with the other *tribes of *Israel. Amasa had been the leader of Absalom’s army (17:25). He was David’s cousin. David was not happy with Joab. So, David made Amasa the leader of his army instead of Joab. Absalom’s men would have been happy about this. So, David travelled from Mahanaim to the river Jordan. It was an honour to help the king and to welcome him back to his country. Only the people of *Judah went to meet him. This caused a problem later (verses 41-43).
Shimei had insulted David and his men when they left Jerusalem (16:5-14). Shimei was afraid that David would punish him. So Shimei was eager to meet the king and to confess his *sin. Shimei lay on the ground to show that he was humble (verse 18). This action also gave honour to David. In verse 20, Shimei suggested that the rest of the *Israelites would follow him. The ‘family of Joseph’ refers to the *tribes in the north of *Israel. Shimei had arrived with many men. They all obeyed the king and they helped him and his family. They wanted to show how loyal they were.
Abishai was not happy. He told the king what he should do. Abishai was Joab’s brother. Both these men had told David what he should do. But David suddenly showed his authority as the king. He decided that he himself would not punish Shimei. But David did not forget what Shimei had done. Shimei was still guilty. Just before David died, David told Solomon to kill Shimei (1 Kings 2:8-9).
David had been kind to Mephibosheth (chapter 9). But Mephibosheth did not leave Jerusalem when David escaped from Absalom. Now David wanted to know why. Ziba, who was Mephibosheth’s servant, had helped David. Ziba provided food for David and his men (16:1-4). Ziba told David that Mephibosheth was not loyal to him.
Verse 24 describes the customs of a man who was very sad. Other people would have noticed Mephibosheth’s behaviour. So, Mephibosheth told David his account of the events. David did not know who was telling the truth. He had given Mephibosheth’s land to Ziba. Now David divided the land between the two men. But Mephibosheth did not care about the land. He only cared that David was safe. Mephibosheth trusted David completely (verse 27). David had given great honour to Mephibosheth. And Mephibosheth always gave honour to David, as Mephibosheth called David ‘my master the king’.
Barzillai was loyal to the king. He was old. But he managed to travel to the river Jordan. He had great wealth. He had provided all that the king and his men needed at Mahanaim (17:27-29). David was grateful. He wanted to give Barzillai a reward. Barzillai had looked after David. David now wanted to look after Barzillai. But Barzillai explained that he would not be able to enjoy that good life. Maybe he needed someone to look after him all the time. This would give David extra work. Instead, Barzillai wanted to die in his home town. So, David allowed Barzillai to go home. Kimham was probably Barzillai’s son. He was young enough to enjoy the benefits at the king’s palace.
Gilgal was about 6 kilometres (4 miles) west of the Jordan and about 26 kilometres (16 miles) north east of Jerusalem. David had crossed the river. The men of *Judah had given honour to the king as he crossed the Jordan. David came from the *tribe of *Judah in the south of the country. He preferred the people of *Judah. They were his relatives. But the men of *Israel were not happy about that. They said that it was not fair. They had ten *tribes in the north of the country. There were many more people in *Israel than in *Judah. Also *Israel wanted David to be the king of the whole country. *Judah agreed later. This argument divided the nation again.
Sheba was probably a relative of King Saul. Sheba was wicked and he caused trouble. He opposed David and he did not want him to rule the *Israelites. Sheba tried to lead *Israel after Absalom’s death. And he tried to divide *Israel and *Judah again. But this did not last for very long. He blew a *trumpet to gather the *Israelites to himself. The *Israelite soldiers left David and they followed Sheba. But they did not go to fight David immediately. However, the men of *Judah remained loyal to David. They returned to Jerusalem with David and his family.
In 16:22, Absalom wanted to show that he was the king instead of David. So Absalom had sex with David’s *concubines. This evil act ruined the women and it made them feel ashamed. So, they did not serve David in his palace any more. And in that society, they could not marry other men. (Compare this with Tamar in chapter 13.) David looked after the *concubines and he protected them. But they could not be free. They could not join in with the activities at the palace. Instead, they stayed in private. And they behaved like widows. They were probably very sad that they could not continue to live with King David.
Amasa was the new leader of David’s army. This would please the people of Israel who had followed Absalom. Perhaps David had chosen him instead of Joab because Joab had not obeyed David. He had killed Absalom. But Amasa took too long to gather the men of *Judah. Perhaps he was not a strong leader. Perhaps he could not command the men as Joab had done. David was worried about Sheba. So, David did not wait for the whole army. Instead, he sent his loyal men ahead to chase Sheba. This time David chose Abishai as the leader. Abishai even led Joab’s men.
Amasa was one of Joab’s relatives. But Joab was jealous of him as the leader of the army. Amasa was returning to Jerusalem. Joab pretended to greet him in the usual way. When Joab’s sword fell out of its case, Joab picked it up. Amasa did not suspect anything so he greeted Joab. But Joab killed Amasa. We do not know whether Joab had planned this. Or perhaps he just took the opportunity as it happened. Joab was an expert with a sword. He killed Amasa quickly. Joab and Amasa were cousins. King David was their uncle (1 Chronicles 2:16-17). So Nathan’s *prophecy in 12:10 happened again.
Joab then became the leader of the army again. But the men stopped and looked at Amasa’s body. But Joab did not bury it or show any honour. Then, a man removed the body so that the soldiers would not notice it. This shows Joab’s rather cruel character. He was a very strong man. He did not seem to care much about anyone else. And he did not want anyone to rule him.
The city called Abel Beth Maacah was over 160 kilometres (100 miles) north of Jerusalem. It was near the city called Dan, which was at the north end of the country called *Israel. So Sheba had to go through the land of the other *tribes to get to Abel. However, the only *Israelites who supported him were his own family. In those days, people usually built their cities on a hill or on an area of higher ground. Then they built a wall of stones round it with one gate at the entrance. The people could defend these cities quite easily. They could throw stones down onto the people who tried to attack them. Sometimes the enemy just surrounded the city. They waited until the people inside ran out of food and water. At other times, the enemy acted quickly. The soldiers made a slope out of earth. Then they could go right up to the walls and attack the city more easily. Joab probably chose this way to show his power.
Abel was a famous city. It had many good qualities (verses 18-19). ‘A mother in *Israel’ means that it was important. And there were many smaller cities and towns round it. It was in the land that God had given to the *Israelites. In chapter 14, Joab had sent a wise woman to David. This made David change his decision. Here a wise woman spoke to Joab and her words changed his decision. Joab said that he only wanted Sheba. Joab and his army had to punish Sheba because Sheba was not loyal to David. Joab did not want to destroy the loyal city of Abel. Joab knew that the woman had given him wise advice. When Sheba was dead, Joab blew his *trumpet. This meant that the battle had finished. The men stopped attacking the city and they went home. This account shows that some women had great power in *Israel at that time.
This list of David’s officers ends this section of 2 Samuel. There is a similar list at the end of chapter 8.
The list in chapter 8 starts with David as the ruler of all *Israel. In this chapter (20), Joab’s name is first. Joab was leader of the army again. This may show that David had become weaker. And it may show that Joab had become more powerful. Today, in many countries of the world, the leader of the army is very powerful. Sometimes he is more powerful than the president or the king. Joab had saved David’s *kingdom. Joab was a confident man. He commanded the army and he was successful. But David was not happy about Joab. Joab kept murdering people but David could not punish him. David needed Joab. But David could not control him. Just before David died, he told his son Solomon to deal with Joab.
In verse 25, Sheva may be a different name for Seraiah in 8:17. In 1 Chronicles 18:16, Seraiah is called ‘Shavsha’.
In verse 24 there was a new government department. The king forced people to work for him. Samuel had warned the *Israelites about this in 1 Samuel chapter 8. However, God had made a law that the *Israelites should not be slaves to each other (Leviticus 25:39-42). Later, David’s son Solomon built the *temple. He forced the *Israelites to work for him (1 Kings 5:13-18). This caused trouble after Solomon died. As a result, *Israel and *Judah divided permanently.
David still had sons but they were not on this new list. But David had his own priest.
The story of David continues in 1 Kings 1:1.
The last 4 chapters of 2 Samuel contain extra information about David. We do not know why the writer did not include this in the main account in chapters 1-20. The events in chapters 21-24 are not in the order in which they happened. In *Old Testament days, the recorder (verses 24-25) kept accurate records of events. But the *Old Testament is more than just a history book. It is also about God and how he dealt with his people.
When the *Israelites obeyed the *Lord, he *blessed them. When they did not obey the *Lord, he did not *bless them (Leviticus 26). Sometimes the crops failed for one year. But after three years, David knew that something was wrong. The *Lord probably spoke to David by a *prophet or a priest. This was the *Lord’s punishment. Joshua chapter 9 records the story about the *Gibeonites. Joshua promised that they could live safely in *Israel. But King Saul had not *kept that promise. The Bible does not record what Saul had done. But the *Lord knew about Saul’s cruel actions. The people called Amorites lived in Canaan (Joshua 12:1-3). This was the name of the country of *Israel before the *Israelites arrived. Gibeon was near Saul’s city, called Gibeah.
Leviticus 24:17-22 says that a murderer should die. In those days, people thought that a person’s family was responsible for the *sin of that person. (Compare this with Numbers 14:18 and Jeremiah 31:29-30.) If the family did not punish the guilty person, someone could punish the family. This still happens in some societies today. The *Gibeonites could not punish Saul because he was dead. They did not want Saul’s family to pay them money. And the *Gibeonites did not want to kill anyone in *Israel except Saul’s family. But the *Gibeonites wanted to kill 7 of Saul’s sons or grandsons. This meant that they wanted to punish Saul’s family completely. (For the *Israelites, the number 7 meant that something was complete. For example, 7 days make one complete week.) David agreed with the punishment that the *Gibeonites asked for.
The *Lord used this situation to protect David from Saul’s family. David did not want to attack Saul’s family. So the *Lord arranged for the *Gibeonites to carry out this punishment. Otherwise, Saul’s family would oppose David. And they might try to plot a revolution.
David had promised to be kind to Saul’s son Jonathan and his family (1 Samuel 20:12-17). Mephibosheth was Jonathan’s only son. David *kept his promise (chapter 9).
Rizpah was Saul’s *concubine (3:7). Their son Mephibosheth (verse 8) was the uncle of Jonathan’s son who had the same name. Merab had married Adriel instead of David in 1 Samuel 18:19. Adriel’s father Barzillai was not the same man who helped David in 19:31-39.
The *Gibeonites put the men’s bodies on a hill. This showed the *Lord and the *Israelites that the punishment was complete. So
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我们是一个全球性的特种化学品领导。<|endoftext|>A - Z of Weeds
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Invasive Plants of Southern Forests: A Field Guide for Identification and Control
Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas - Factsheets
Plant Conservation Alliance. Alien Plant Working Group.
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State of California. Plumas County. Plumas-Sierra Noxious Weeds
An Illustrated Guide to Arizona Weeds - List of Species
University of Arizona.
Plant Information System (APIS) and Noxious
and Nuisance Plant Management Information System
Engineer Research and Development Center. Environmental
Includes several non-aquatic plants.
BioBullies - The Disastrous Dozen
Natural Biodiversity (Western Pennsylvania).
Includes fact sheets for the worst trouble-makers in the region, and also for additional trouble-makers for you to watch out for.
of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States (Aug 2002)
Published by: USDA.
Forest Service. Publication FHTET-2002-04.
- Weed Law Summary & Weed Lists
State of Colorado. Larimer County. Weed Control
(Colorado) Noxious Weed
Colorado Weed Management Association.
Noxious Weed Species
Colorado Department of Agriculture.
Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources,
Environment, The Arts and Sport (Australia).
Fact Sheets for Invasive Exotic Plants
Learning Center of the American Southwest.
Guide to Weeds in British Columbia
British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (Canada).
Idaho's Noxious Weeds
Idaho Association of Soil Conservation Districts. Idaho OnePlan.
Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia: Species Factsheets
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Natural Heritage Program.
Factsheets focus on identification, threats and control of the most troublesome of Virginia's non-native plant species.
Plant Atlas of the MidSouth (IPAMS)
Mississippi State University. GeoResources
Invasive Plant Fact Sheets
University of Pennsylvania. Morris Arboretum.
Invasive Plant Fact Sheets
Weed Science Society of America.
These fact sheets were developed in part from the article ‘Ranking
Nonindigenous Weed Species by Their Potential to
Invade the United States’ by Parker et al. (2007)
Invasive Plants: Fact Sheets
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
Scroll and select tabs to view information for troublesome trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and aquatic plants that have impacted the state's natural lands and suggest actions you can take to protect your property from invasive plants.
Invasive Plant Publications
New England Wild Flower Society.
Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve (Pennsylvania).
Scroll to view "Invasive Plant Information Sheets"
Invasive Plants - "Weed of the Week"
USDA. FS. Northeastern Area. Forest Health Protection.
Invasive Plants and Insects Publications
Pennsylvania State University. Agricultural Sciences.
Invasive Plants of Ohio Fact Sheets
Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Natural Areas and Preserves.
Invasive Plant Atlas of New England (IPANE) - Species
University of Georgia. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.
Plants of California's Wildlands - Plants Listed by
California Invasive Plant Council.
See also: Plants listed by Scientific
Bossard, C.C., J.M. Randall, and M.C. Hoshovsky (Editors). 2000. Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA
Alberta Invasive Species Council (Canada).
Fact Sheets provide more information about individual invasive species. They contain information on impacts, origin, habitat, regulatory status, identification, prevention and control options.
Plant Fact Sheets
Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry. Maine Natural Areas Program.
Missouri Department of Conservation.
Based on the Missouri Vegetation Management Manual, these control recommendations
are for 25 of the most troublesome invasive, non-native plants in Missouri.
Invasive Species Identification Sheets
USDA. Natural Resources Conservation Service Connecticut.
Northern Research Station.
Maps are organized for 43 invasive plant species into five categories: trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, and grasses. Select the desired species to view the distribution information for northern states.
County (Washington) Noxious Weed List / Specific
Washington Department of Natural Resources. Water and Land Resources Division.
Interactive Field Guide to Aquatic Invaders
and Their Native Look Alikes - Common Names Listing / Scientific
Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program.
Maine Center for Invasive Aquatic Plants.
Invasive Plant Fact Sheets
Maine Department of Conservation. Maine Natural
Montana Weed Control Association.
New Jersey Target Species Fact Sheets
Central Jersey Invasive Species Strike Team.
Weeds in Douglas County (scroll down)
State of Colorado. Douglas County. Public Works.
Noxious Weed Data Sheets - EncycloWeedia
California Department of Food and Agriculture.
Perennial & Biennial Weed Guide
Ohio State University. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.
Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems, listed by scientific name
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk.
Relating to Invasive Species and Publications
Relating to Native Species Issues
Plant Materials Program.
Pest Plant Council - Publications
Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council.
Profiles and Best Management
Colorado Parks and Wildlife.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
Texas Invasives - Common
Name List or Scientific Name List
Management Manual (Illinois)
Illinois Nature Preserves Commission.
Wanted Posters--Dead, Not Alive! (Weeds)
University of Nevada - Reno. Cooperative Extension.
See all publications - Natural Resources
Washington State Noxious Weed List
Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.
of Nebraska Publication Series
University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Cooperative
Weed Identification Guide
Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food and Rural Revitalization (Canada).
Non-Native Plant Species List
University of Alaska - Anchorage. Alaska Natural Heritage Program.
Note: Contains factsheets and risk assessment reports of non-native species present in Alaska and also non-native species currently not recorded in Alaska (potential invasives).
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (Australia).
Utah's 18 Most Noxious Weeds - What Are They?
State of Utah. Weber County Weed Abatement.<|endoftext|>Q: Do you have any tips on how and when to plant an avocado tree? Each year I get a free one from the city and every year it dies.
A: When you bring your tree home, make sure you don’t let it dry out. Select a site that has good drainage, not windy, and is not prone to frost in the winter. Do not lift or carry the tree by its trunk because the root ball can be easily broken or damaged.
Dig a hole about twice as wide and the same depth as the container. The top of the tree’s root ball should be one inch above soil level. Take care not to plant too deep because soil moisture against the trunk will kill the tree. Once you have lowered the tree (still in its container) into the freshly dug hole, slice the container down one side. Backfill with about 6 inches of soil before removing the container. Continue backfilling and tamping the soil down until only the top of the root ball is exposed. Water immediately after planting, and make sure to keep the root ball moist (but not soggy). If the root ball dries out, the tree can die.
Q: We have a burning bush (Euonymus alatus) that is covered in ants. What can we do to get rid of them?
A: If you see a lot of ants, look closely at your plant, especially the tender new growth. You will probably find aphids or scale. Aphids can be black, red, brown, or green and are tiny, but visible to the naked eye. Scales can be armored or soft body, and they look like dark bumps firmly attached to the bark and can be tricky to spot. These sucking insects will often secrete honeydew, a sticky substance that the ants harvest and take back to their nest. In return, the ants protect aphids and soft scale from many predators. If you can exclude ants from the plant, predator insects will take care of the rest.
Tanglefoot is a sticky substance that is sold in garden centers and is an effective way to keep ants out of your trees or shrubs. Trim any branches that touch other nearby plants, fences, or walls to remove any alternate routes for the ants to gain access to your shrub. Wrap the main trunk before applying, since Tanglefoot can damage bark. Ants will climb up the trunk and become stuck in the Tanglefoot, so your plant should soon be ant-free.
Soon you can see lady beetles, hover flies, and other predatory insects feasting on the aphids. You may have to periodically replenish the Tanglefoot as it becomes covered with ants.
Another helpful hint: Wear disposable gloves when handling Tanglefoot because it is quite difficult to wash off.
Have gardening questions? Email [email protected].
Looking for more gardening tips? Here’s how to contact the Master Gardener program in your area.
Los Angeles County
San Bernardino County<|endoftext|>A quick Google query tells us that “attitude” is a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s behavior.
Millie likes to go to the shooting range with family members. Her caring family makes sure to protect her hearing. (Millie is a rescue pup belonging to Christine Sanders, a senior in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Valdosta State University.) If only all parents understood the importance of hearing protection.
In 2009, I participated on a research team studying hearing protection use and attitudes of young adults toward exposure to loud sound. Our target population was college-age adults in the U.S. We compared results to a similar age group in Sweden. The data suggested that, by comparison with the Swedish sample, American young adults are less likely to view loud sound as a health hazard.
We live in a noisy world. Consider, for example, the fans of the Kansas City Chiefs who proudly proclaimed they broke the Seattle Seahawks record for the loudest outdoor stadium sound level record at 142.4 decibels (dB). By comparison, a jet fighter taking off from an aircraft carrier generates approximately 140 dB. It’s estimated that at 150 dB, the human eardrum ruptures.
Where does our craving for loud sound first develop? Music and speech share similar development characteristics. Consequently, we develop our taste for loud sound at an early age.
If we know that hearing loss due to noise exposure is 100 percent preventable, and attitudes toward health safety or risks are developed earlier in life, then we need to work harder to establish early awareness on the negative effects of loud sounds—ideally in preschool and lower elementary grades.
Unfortunately, most research and campaigns on hearing protection still focus on young adults. Researchers report a growing incidence of hearing loss among young individuals, particularly ages 12 to 19. By the time we survey young adults in college, attitudes regarding the potential danger of noise exposure have already been formed, perhaps five to 10 years earlier.
So, while college-age students are a convenient (and important) source of data, the information obtained from this age group probably reflects the consequences of attitudes most likely developed at a younger age.
In the spirit of Better Hearing and Speech Month, what can we do?
We should amplify our warnings to young people about noise-induced hearing damage. The use (and abuse) of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol get tons of exposure. And texting while driving is certainly a hot issue. However, the effects of noise exposure get little attention. Efforts do exist to inform parents and children, such as Dangerous Decibels and Listen to Your Buds. But they aren’t as widespread as messages on texting or drugs.
As professionals in the field of communications, we should:
- Develop a mandate for instruction in health and physical education classes regarding the damaging effects of exposure to loud sound.
- Increase hearing screening frequency at the K-12 level—an area that has in recent years retreated, not expanded.
- Expand efforts to promote programs such as Dangerous Decibels and Listen To Your Buds to the level of safe driving classes in high school.
Healthier attitudes toward loud sound need to be developed earlier!
Ted L. Johnson, AuD, CCC-A, is an associate professor in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Valdosta State University. He is an affiliate of ASHA Special Interest Group 1o, Issues in Higher Education. [email protected].<|endoftext|>Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
In evolutionary biology, convergent evolution describes the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as they both adapt to similar environments or Ecological niche. On a molecular level, this can happen due to random mutation unrelated to adaptive changes; see Long branch attraction.
In cultural evolution, convergent evolution is the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by different peoples with different ancestral cultures.
An example of convergent evolution is the similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently. Some aspects of the lens of eyes also evolved independently in various animals.
Convergent evolution is similar to, but distinguishable from, the phenomena of evolutionary relay and parallel evolution. Evolutionary relay refers to independent species acquiring similar characteristics through their evolution in similar ecosystems, but not at the same time (e.g. dorsal fins of extinct ichthyosaurs and sharks). Parallel evolution occurs when two independent species evolve together at the same time in the same ecospace and acquire similar characteristics (extinct browsing-horses and extinct paleotheres).
- Several mammal groups have independently evolved prickly protrusions of the skin, called spines - echidnas (monotremes), hedgehogs (insectivores), Old World porcupines (rodents) and New World porcupines (a separate group of rodents). In this case, because the two groups of porcupines are relatively closely related, they would be considered to be an example of parallel evolution
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. در همان زمان، لنسرها در یک تاقچه در جنوب شهر ولادیسلاووف قرار داشتند (برای ضربه زدن به دشمن با آتش جناحی)، و اسب نارنجک انداز در نزدیکی حومه جنوب شرقی ولادیسلاووف در ذخیره لشکر متمرکز شدند.مختصر история نگهبانان غریق هنگ حصار اعلیحضرت. S. 50).
سپهبد V. O. Raukh
در 3 اوت ، هنگ که در پیشاهنگ لشکر حرکت می کرد ، توسط واحدهای لشکر 1 سواره نظام آلمان با توپخانه در ارتفاع ویلونن متوقف شد. یک شاهد عینی به یاد آورد که چگونه با سرنگونی واحدهای دشمن، سواره نظام به حرکت خود ادامه داد. هنگ حصار نگهبانان نجات به داخل لوشینا کشیده شد، سپس از طریق خط الراس و خندق های وسیعی که با سیم پوشانده شده بود (سیم با چکرز قطع شد) از معدن عبور کرد و در امتداد ساحل شیبدار بیرون رفت. در سمت راست، در یک میدان وسیع، هنگ گارد اولانسکی از قبل در یک آرایش مستقر مستقر شده بود، و یک مایل و نیم، در نزدیکی جنگل، توده سیاهی از نیروهای سواره نظام برتر دشمن وجود داشت - آماده حمله. لحظه بسیار وحشتناک بود، زیرا دشمن از نظر قدرت برتر بود. فرمانده اسکادران اعلیحضرت، کاپیتان کنت ورونتسوف داشکوف، با روی آوردن به هوسارها، "مارش-مارش" را فرماندهی کرد. نگاه ها از شجاعت می سوزد سلاح در آماده باش - و هنگ به سمت دشمن شتافت. اما... اتفاق غیرقابل توضیحی افتاد. توده سواره نظام دشمن لرزید و به سرعت شروع به دور شدن کرد - قوی ترین دشمن نتوانست در مقابل انگیزه روسیه مقاومت کند و حمله را نپذیرفت. آزار و اذیت آغاز شده استآنجا. S. 52.).
کاپیتان کنت A. I. Vorontsov - Dashkov
6 - 7 اوت - نبرد در نزدیکی روستای کاوشن رخ داد. لشکر سواره نظام دوم گارد بزرگراه منتهی به جناح ارتش را پوشش داد. مانور، شلیک تفنگ و پیاده شدن، دشمن را از پیشروی باز داشت.
دعوا داغ بود. ژنرال راوخ 3 اسکادران را با وظایف زیر به حرکت درآورد: اسکادران اعلیحضرت قرار بود مزارع پیلکلن را اشغال کند و از حرکت دشمن در جناح چپ لشکر جلوگیری کند، اسکادران دوم قرار بود از جناح چپ دستور نبرد محافظت کند. باتری سواره نظام 2 گارد لایف در همان نزدیکی ایستاده بود و آتش گشود. در حال پیاده شدن، از ساختمان به ساختمان، از درختی به درخت دیگر، هوسرهای اسکادران اعلیحضرت دویدند و در یک صف یکنواخت دراز کشیدند. دشمن سمت چپ متحمل خسارات سنگینی شد. در همان زمان اسکادران سوم در مزرعه ماند و با کمک توپخانه ها ماموریت رزمی را با آتش هدفمند انجام داد. در آن روز، ستوان اسکادران زندگی فون کافمن ترکستان به شدت مجروح شد (افسر در بیمارستان ویلنا درگذشت - در اتاقی که شاهزاده اولگ کنستانتینویچ 5 ماه بعد درگذشت). کنت ورونتسوف آتش اسکادران خود را هدایت کرد - زمانی که آلمانی ها شروع به دویدن یک به یک روی انبار کاه کردند. جوخه های حصار در آخرین رگبار با موفقیت شلیک می کنند - هر کدام به سمت هدف خود (آنجا. S. 53).
گوروخوف جی. فرمان. op.
اسکادران دوم کاپیتان کنت ایگناتیف اسکادران میدانی کورنت پاولوف 2 را تا لبه جنگل تسولکنر پیش برد. موقعیت به نفع انتخاب شد - و دشمن در تمام مدت زیر آتش بود. بنابراین، یک گروه از آلمانی ها در 1 نفر، به آرامی به جلو حرکت کردند. پس از اینکه به دشمن اجازه داد 250 گام بردارد، هوسرهای پاولوف آتش مرگباری را باز کردند - و دشمن به داخل دره برگشت و در آنجا توسط گارد نجات 100 سواره نظام تحت پوشش قرار گرفت. پاولوف دره را اشغال کرد - و زندانیان با دیدن خارها از این واقعیت که توسط سواره نظام شکست خوردند شگفت زده شدند (آنجا. S. 54).
در ماه اوت، واحدهای هنگ نگهبانان را حمل کردند و شناسایی انجام دادند. در 11 اوت، بخش خرابکاران هنگ، راه آهن Tilsit-Königsberg را منفجر کرد.
و در 26 اوت، در طول اولین نبرد دریاچههای ماسوری، گشتهای هوسرهای زندگی حرکت ستونهای آلمانی را در امتداد جادههای Engelau و Gundau کشف کردند. سپس حمله دشمن با آتش مهار شد.
بند شانه کاپیتان هنگ حصار گارد نجات. سواره نظام کارپیف V.I. اتصالات ارتش روسیه م.، 2012.
در این دوره ، یک قسمت با مشارکت افسران هنگ اعلیحضرت شاهزاده گابریل کنستانتینوویچ و ایگور کنستانتینویچ رخ داد. اسکادران کاپیتان رافسکی و گشت های کنستانتینوویچ و کورنت کیسلوفسکی که در عقب آلمان قرار داشتند، محاصره شدند. هوسارها باید بر باتلاق باتلاقی، آتش توپخانه آلمانی غلبه می کردند. برای اینکه در باتلاق گرفتار نشوند، بسیاری از هوسرها خزیده اند. آنهایی که اسب های خود را از دست داده بودند توسط رفقای خود به جبهه می بردند. بنابراین، ایگور کنستانتینوویچ هوسر کرتوویچ را بر روی زین خود گرفت و گاوریل کنستانتینوویچ هوسر ریابیک را گرفت. کاپیتان ولکوف از هوسر ماکاروف مجروح مراقبت کرد - پس از درمان زخم با ید، برای جنگنده خود پانسمان درست کرد. کورنت کیسلوفسکی به مجروحان کمک کرد تا روی زمین محکم بیرون بیایند.
تلفات وارد شد - 2 کشته، 5 زخمی و 7 مفقود. 37 اسب در باتلاق ها مردند. اسکادران آلمانی هوسرهای زندگی را تعقیب کردند، اما جرات نکردند از باتلاق عبور کنند - و به کناری رفتند.
در 31 آگوست اسکادران شجاع به هنگ پیوست.
استاندارد هنگ، همراه با یک آجودان و دستیار. Tsarskoye Selo، 1910. در اینجا و در زیر گوروخوف ژ. فرمان. op.
تا صبح روز 29 اوت، نبردهای خیابانی شدیدی برای شهر گلدپ در جریان بود که عقب نشینی ارتش 1 را که نبرد ماسوریان را ترک می کرد، تضمین کرد و گروه سواره نظام که شامل هنگ بود، به سمت شیتکمن عقب نشینی کرد. در 30 آگوست، هنگ حصار گارد نجات با سواره نظام و دوچرخه سواران آلمانی در نزدیکی بوتودشن درگیری آتش گرفت.
لشکر سواره نظام دوم گارد به منطقه رودا (2 سپتامبر) منتقل شد و سپس به مریمپل (2 سپتامبر) منتقل شد. بخش هایی از لشکر شناسایی انجام می شد، اما به دلیل خستگی کارکنان اسب، حدود 3 اسب بیمار به ویلنا فرستاده شد.
هوسرهای زندگی، در حال حرکت، شناسایی، انجام خدمات امنیتی. فرمانده پ.گ.-ک. Rennenkampf تیپ 2 لشکر سواره نظام گارد 1 را به همراه لشکر سواره نظام 2 گارد به یک گروه از ژنرال راوخ آورد و وظیفه دومی را برای پوشش انتقال به ساحل غربی رودخانه قرار داد. نمان از گروه کروننسکی و سپاه 3. در طول اقامت در نمان، قطار اسب "نتوانست اصلاح شود"، تهیه علوفه در محل دشوار بود، و تحویل ضعیف بود.
اما یگان سواره نظام فعال بود، هوسرهای زندگی، همراه با یک دسته از گاردهای نجات از باتری سواره نظام 5، در 19 سپتامبر وارد ویلکوویسکی شدند. قبلاً در آن زمان ، فرمانده گروه ، کنت شووالوف ، از هر هنگ دستور داد تا یک حزب پارتیزان - متشکل از 2-3 افسر ، 60 داوطلب - رده های پایین تر با مسلسل تعیین کنند. 2 چنین یگان پارتیزانی از گاردهای زندگی هوسارسکی (فرماندهان - کنت تولستوی و کورنت پاولوف 1) در نزدیکی Eitkunen و نزدیک ولادیسلاووف عمل کردند و با آلمانی ها درگیری داشتند. علاوه بر این، معلوم شد که اولین نفر توسط "افراد لباس سیاه پوشیده" نیمه محاصره شده است، که با رگبار شلیک کردند - اما از طریق موفقیت بازگشتند.
سواره نظام راوه شناسایی انجام داد و به سمت مرز ایالتی پیشروی کرد. فرمانده که خود را از وضعیت وخیم اسب گروه متقاعد کرده بود، به او دستور داد تا از شرق شهر پیلویشکی عقب نشینی کند.
در 24 سپتامبر، هنگ حصار گارد نجات در پیشاهنگ گروهی که به سمت شیرویندت حرکت می کرد، حرکت کرد.
در این دوره، اعلیحضرت شاهزاده اولگ کنستانتینوویچ، که در 29 سپتامبر درگذشت، در نبرد پاترول ها به شدت مجروح شد.
در اوایل اکتبر، هنگ آماده انتقال به بارانویچی برای محافظت از ستاد فرماندهی عالی بود. این کار تا 9 نوامبر 1914 انجام شد.
در 11 نوامبر ، هنگ وارد ایوانگورود شد و در 12 نوامبر - در رادوم با شرکت در نبردهای نزدیک پتروکوف. در این مدت (20 آبان) 2 اسکادران با یک باطری در یک عملیات عقب نشینی در نزدیکی vil شرکت کردند. دوبرژینوف.
در 21 ام، نبردی برای مواضع در غرب شهر پتروکف رخ داد. 5 اسکادران از هوسران زندگی و 4 اسکادران از اژدها زندگی به عنوان پاسگاه عمل می کردند. 22 - نبرد تحت vil. گرابیتسا، دشمن در این روز نیز نتوانست پتروکوف را بگیرد - به دلیل استقامت سواره نظام نگهبان و سایر واحدها. رایشارشیو خاطرنشان کرد که سواره نظام گارد روسی که از لیتوانی منتقل شده بودند از موفقیت نیروهای آلمانی در حومه شهر پتروکوف جلوگیری کردند.
در 24th Hussars زندگی یک پاسگاه نگهبانی در مقابل Gamolin را اشغال کردند. دشمن تلاش کرد تا به جلو حرکت کند و هنگ با جنگیدن به او اجازه داد تا حد امکان نزدیک شود، شلیک کرد، سپس اسکادران ها و زنجیرها به سمت اسب های اسب کشیده عقب نشینی کردند. بعداً ، حوصرهای زندگی مجبور به عقب نشینی شدند ، تحت پوشش اسکادران دوم.
در 27 نوامبر، اژدهای نجات در سنگرها تسکین یافتند و به منطقه ذخیره عقب نشینی کردند. برای نبردهای حومه شهر پتروکوف، حوصرهای زندگی از فرمانده معظم کل قوا قدردانی کردند.
در ماه دسامبر، هوسرهای زندگی از گذرگاه های آن سوی رودخانه محافظت می کردند. پیلیکا.
سال 1915
در ژانویه-فوریه 1915، هنگ در امتداد خط Semenishki-Folk نگهبانان داشت. صفیاتسه مورگی; افزایش شناسایی منطقه و دریاچه Seree. Obelia، عملیات نظامی در منطقه شهر Sejny، در ماه مارس-آوریل - پاسگاه ها و عملیات نظامی در منطقه Szadzeny - Jakslyantse - Kowaltki - Klepache، شناسایی در جلوی بزرگراه Kalvaria-Suwalki، نظامی عملیات در نزدیکی شهر کالواریا، پاسگاه های در امتداد خط d Dembovka - مردمی. یاوروو.
در 14 مارس ، یک جوخه از اسکادران 3 به فرماندهی ستوان سوموف که با یک تاخت میدانی به آلمانها حمله کرد ، خود را متمایز کرد. آلمانی ها این حمله را نپذیرفتند - توسط یک جوخه شجاع تعقیب شد. چندین آلمانی کشته شدند، اما از آنجا که آتش شدید از جناح چپ باز شد، جوخه تعقیب را متوقف کرد و به اسکادران بازگشت. کاپیتان کوشلف که حرکت دشمن را مشاهده می کرد، جعبه های زیادی از گلوله های رها شده توسط آلمانی ها را کشف کرد.
این روزها یک افسر دیگر به نام ستوان پاولوف اول نیز جایزه گرفت. با توجه به عقب نشینی پیاده نظام ، چندین ضلع در جهات مختلف به جلو کشیده شد - و نشان داد که کناره گیری ستوان در مسیر پیشرفت قرار دارد. او پس از چندین کیلومتر پیاده روی خود را بر روی تپه ای بزرگ یافت که از ارتفاع آن منطقه را بررسی کرد و نبردی قوی را تماشا کرد. با ارسال گزارش، گشت در محل ماند و یک افسر آلمانی را با 1 سرباز دستگیر کرد. اسناد مهمی کشف و ضبط شد. افسر، سرهنگ نیپولد، معلوم شد که فرمانده یک باتری پنهان شده در بیشه است. وضعیت پیدا شده دشمن به اقدامات بعدی کمک کرد و پاولوف با شمشیر و کمان دارای نشان سنت ولادیمیر درجه 2 شد (آنجا. S. 72.).
پیاده نظام آلمان شبانه به لشکر سواره نظام 2 گارد حمله کرد - درگیری های خیابانی در مکان هایی که واحدهای لشکر شب را سپری کردند رخ داد. صبح ، یگان بین Polyuntse و Ogurki مستقر شد و بعد از ظهر به Seyny - Krasnopolye نزدیک شد و شکاف نیروهای عقب نشینی را پر کرد. در اوایل آوریل، هنگ به روستا نقل مکان کرد. سیمنو و پومورچی در حراست بالا. 101.
در ماه مه همان سال - اقدامات در dd. ایپوداچی، توناشبودا، کارچوی رودا، سرافینا، و در ماه ژوئن - پاسگاه های در منطقه dd. Palpee - Stanaitsy - Pozhery.
بنابراین ، در اوایل ماه مه ، هنگ به دمبووا رودا نزدیک می شود و به همراه اژدهایان زندگی منطقه بین کارلینیشکی - نمیرا را اشغال می کند و اسکادران های خود را به نوبه خود به لباس ها می فرستد. از 26 مه، در طول عملیات کوزلوو-رودسکایا، بخش هایی از هنگ در شناسایی در منطقه ایستگاه ماوروتسه شرکت کردند. از 6 ژوئن تا 21 ژوئن، واقع در نزدیکی ماریاپول، بخش هایی از هنگ در نبردهای دفیله در نزدیکی داوشکا، نووپوله و در منطقه فولو شرکت کردند. یاوروو.
دوره ژوئیه-سپتامبر 1915 سرشار از رویدادهای جنگی بود، زمانی که هنگ در منطقه رودخانه عملیات می کرد. حشره.
در ساحل چپ باگ، او در نبردهای نزدیک اولیانوفسک، گورلوویتسا، زابولوتسه، ژاری و ژارکا شرکت کرد و پس از مانور راهپیمایی به منطقه Ustilug - Horodlo - Chernyashka، همچنین در نبردهای نیمه دوم ژوئیه در منطقه Berezhnitsa - Tsihelnya و Skrigichin - Mazurnya. در 2 ژوئیه ، حوثارهای زندگی با یک دسته از گاردهای نجات از باتری سواره نظام 6 با حمله جناحی خطوط دشمن را متوقف کردند و اسرا را اسیر کردند. اسکادران زندگی و اسکادران 5 تحت فرماندهی سرهنگ گروز خود را متمایز کردند.
در ساحل راست Bug، پوشش عقب نشینی ارتش 13، هنگ در Chernyavka - Korytnitsa - Yushev، Kladnev، Nikitichi جنگید.
هوسرهای زندگی در تخریب گذرگاه ها و مشاهده فیلیمیچی - زیمنو نقش داشتند.
تا پایان ماه جولای، برخی از واحدها از رودخانه خارج می شوند. استوخد، و در روزهای اول اوت، نبرد در خط اولشینکا، پوز، توسعه می یابد. بوگدان - دوبیکا، در عوام. کلپین، دوریچی - زبونین - استرادچ. در دستور هنگ 3 آگوست شماره 103 س. چرسک.
سپس نبردها برای پوشش عقب نشینی سپاه 29 ارتش ، به برست - کوبرین ، نبردهای پیش رو برای اطمینان از عقب نشینی سپاه 14 ارتش در خط ماتسی - استریگوو - یوزفینا - کوزیچه آغاز می شود. در اوایل سپتامبر - نبرد در امتداد کانال اوگینسکی، شرکت در عملیات لومژینسکی، یک نبرد پیش رو در نزدیکی روستا. رودخانه ها، نبرد تهاجمی در منطقه ولکا - لانسکایا، خوروسنو، تراسنیانکا - شپانوفکا. سواره نظام ژنرال Ya. F. Gilenshmidt با دشمن در Polissya جنگید.
و سپس - پوشش برای عقب نشینی ارتش
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process below does describe many steps and articulates many considerations for all of those individuals involved in merit badge earning, it is not intended to be complicated, and culminates in invaluable results.
Lastly, an earned merit badge is a forever merit badge. At whatever age or stage of his Scouting rank a Scout earns a merit badge from a registered and approved counselor, then the Scout may keep that merit badge forever and apply it toward his rank advancement (provided that they have fulfilled all the requirements specified and discussed with scoutmaster and merit badge counselor.
Note on merit badge requirements: Those wishing to earn a merit badge should understand that all merit badge requirements must be met while the Scout is a registered Boy Scout or Varsity Scout, or a qualified Venturer or Sea Scout. Applicants must understand that accomplishments and achievements completed before joining the Boy Scouts, or conducted while a Cub Scout, cannot apply to merit badge requirements.
The Merit Badge Process
Interested Scouts, Scout Buddies, and parents or guardians should review the steps below to gain an understanding of the merit badge process.
1) Decide on the badge. To begin, a Scout must decide on the type of merit badge he would like to earn. The Scout should discuss their options and interests with their unit leader to obtain a better understanding of expectations and requirements for each type of merit badge, and the merit badge in question. The Scout should also read the requirements of the merit badges that are of interest and pick one to learn; note that initial interest and passion about a merit badge subject can be helpful motivators to continue and carry on to achievement, should the project or process become challenging.
2) Get approved. The Scout must next obtain approval to begin the merit badge process from his Scoutmaster. The Scoutmaster may take this opportunity to lead more meaningful conversations about “challenge by choice,” and the Scout’s interests, goals, and plans for achievements. The Scoutmaster is fulfilling their guiding role by leading these important conversations, and so emphasize to the Scout that they provide a greater support than a simple signature of approval might lead one to believe.
3) Identify a merit badge counselor. Once the Scoutmaster has given his approval to begin the process and had a meaningful conversation about the Scout’s goals, the Scoutmaster will then help the Scout to identify possible merit badge counselors, as appropriate to the type of badge being earned. The Scoutmaster will likely have a list on hand of individuals who are interested in serving as counselors and who may have special knowledge in the merit badge area. These individuals are therefore committed to helping the Scout throughout the merit badge process. While selecting the merit badge counselor is the Scoutmaster’s responsibility, it could be that the Scout may already have a counselor in mind with whom he would like to work. The Scoutmaster and Scout should then work together and come to a reasonable agreement as to who the appropriate counselor would be.
Merit badge counselors must be men or women of good character, age 18 or older, and recognized as having the skills and education in the subjects they cover. It is important, too, they have good rapport with Scout-age boys and unit leaders.
Note that some merit badges (such as those related to archery or swimming) may involve activities for which the Boy Scouts of America has implemented strategies to improve safety, enhance the Scouts’ experiences, and manage risk. These activities often require supervision with specialized qualifications and certifications. Merit badge counselors who do not meet the specific requirements may use the services of helpers who do.
4) Select a Scout Buddy. The Scout should then pick out another individual who may attend all Scout meetings with the merit badge counselor. Known as a “Scout Buddy,” this Scout-selected individual could be another Scout, a parent, a guardian, a brother or sister, a friend, neighbor or other community member, or another family member that will understand the commitments of the merit badge process. While adult supervision and guidance on some badge work can be helpful, many Scouts find it productive to choose a fellow Scout as a Scout Buddy, as they will be able to counsel each other through the merit badge earning process. In addition, a fellow Scout will already be attending the same Scout meetings. It is a merit badge process requirement that the Scout Buddy attend meetings with the Scout, so the Scout should be sure to confirm their Scout Buddy’s availability and maintain clarity about expectations.
5) Inform the Scoutmaster of start date. The Scout should contact their Scoutmaster and let them know that he is prepared to start badge work. He should also let the Scoutmaster know the identity of the individual he has selected to aid him in the badge earning process. The Scoutmaster should give the Scout a signed Application for Merit Badge, No. 34124 (100-pack) or No. 618953 (25-pack).
6) Review merit badge requirements with the selected counselor. The counselor will will discuss the specific merit badge requirements with the Scout; again, these requirements may vary based on merit badge type. Upon hearing the requirements, the Scout will develop a project plan and a relatively firm completion schedule, rounded out with deadlines and even “check in” points at which time progress will be discussed with the counselor. The counselor may ask questions regarding which parts of the project are already completed, potential areas of concern or barriers to consider regarding completion.
The Scout may suggest work or activities that he has completed prior to meeting with the counselor, and it is up to the counselor’s discretion as to whether or not to “count” these efforts toward the merit badge requirements. Ultimately, the counselor is encouraged to let their common sense prevail — for example, should a merit badge require a certain amount of camping and wilderness experience, it is reasonable for the counselor to allow the Scout to count the nights has already camped with his troop toward merit badge requirements.
As the Scout follows his completion schedule and considers progress and his timeline, the counselor will fulfill their role by contributing experience, advice, and suggestions for improvement as needed until the Scout has met all of the previously described requirements for project completion.
7) Begin work to meet merit badge requirements. Unless the counselor or Scoutmaster have given other time-related recommendations, the Scout may start work on a merit badge requirement at any time. If the Scout runs into any difficulties or issues in completing parts of the requirement, they should let their counselor know immediately.
8) Review the relevant merit badge pamphlet often. In completion of each requirement, the Scout should review the merit badge pamphlet on the merit badge requirements. Review will ensure complete understanding of the requirements. While many Scoutmasters or counselors will provide the merit badge pamphlet, remember that many schools or public libraries will also have merit badge pamphlets available; Scouts, troops, counselors and Scoutmasters should consult the Merit Badge revision dates list to confirm that their merit badge pamphlets (and the requirements described therein) are completely up to date and accurately reflect the Boy Scouts of America merit badge expectations.
9) Meet with the counselor and present the project. When the Scout is prepared and feels that they have met the previously discussed merit badge requirements, they should contact their counselor to make an appointment. As an added consideration and check-in, the Scout may review their progress and project with their Scout Buddy. Practicing with the Scout Buddy can be a useful way for the Scout to build confidence and consider expectations before the formal, final meeting with the counselor.
When the Scout meets with their counselor, they should bring along all of the materials that they have used to complete or meet the requirements — naturally, if the materials are too big, ungainly, or simply unreasonable to move, the Scout should either ask a parent for assistance or take a photo of the materials in question. For instance, if a Scout were attempting to meet the requirements of a cooking merit badge, it would be unreasonable for the Scout to bring an entire prepared meal to the their merit badge counselor; in this case, pictures and a complete written description would be appropriate.
10) Test with the counselor. During the meeting, the Scout should expect to be tested on each merit badge requirement — the counselor will be making sure that the Scout has truly met expectations, understands the project and the outcomes, and can complete the expected tasks relating to the merit badge itself.
11) Counselor approval or next steps. Once the Scout has presented and completed testing, the merit badge counselor should then certify completion or give the Scout directions for improvement and a discuss a new completion timeline. Note that a Scout does not need to pass all the requirements of one merit badge with the same counselor — timing and location issues may arise, such that the Scout may have few options but to meet with a different counselor in order to meet badge requirements. The Application for Merit Badge will be marked to indicate that the badge is a “partial” until the Scout is able to complete the badge requirements under the guidance of another counselor. Partials expire on the Scout’s 18th birthday.
12) Once the merit badge counselor has certified completion of requirements, the Scout will be presented with the merit badge at a court of honor or the next troop meeting.
Note on Merit Badges and Group Instruction:
At camps, fairs, or similar events, Scouts may find opportunities for merit badges requirements to be met in group settings. For some types of badges, this option is acceptable or even preferable, and the “guest experts” in attendance at such events can offer valuable insight not otherwise available within the troop. Ultimately, though, it is the individual Scout’s responsibility to fulfill all of the requirements; each Scout must actually and personally complete the relevant merit badge requirements.<|endoftext|>Temperli Cam Nedir?
Temperli cam, özel bir ısı işlemi olan temperleme işlemine tabi tutulmuş cam türüdür. Bu işlem, camın dayanıklılığını artırır ve daha güvenli bir yapıya dönüştürür. Temperli cam üretimi, cam levhanın önce ısıtılması ve ardından hızlı bir şekilde soğutulmasıyla gerçekleştirilir. Bu hızlı soğutma işlemi, cam yüzeyinde gerilim oluşumunu sağlar. Oluşan gerilim, camın daha dayanıklı ve darbelere karşı dirençli hale gelmesini sağlar. Temperli camın bazı özellikleri şunlardır: 1. Dayanıklılık: Temperli cam, normal camdan daha dayanıklıdır. Darbelere, çizilmelere ve termal şoklara karşı daha dirençlidir. Bu özelliği sayesinde, güvenlik camı olarak yaygın olarak kullanılır. 2. Güvenlik: Temperli cam kırıldığında, büyük keskin parçalara değil, küçük, düzgün şekilli parçalara dönüşür. Bu, yaralanma riskini azaltır ve güvenlik açısından önemli bir avantaj sağlar. Bu nedenle, otomobil camları, duşakabinler, mobilyalar ve cam kapılar gibi alanlarda kullanılır. 3. Termal Dayanıklılık: Temperli cam, yüksek sıcaklıklara dayanıklıdır. Isıya maruz kaldığında, normal camdan daha iyi bir termal şok direncine sahiptir. Bu özellik, sıcaklık değişimlerinin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde kullanımını artırır. 4. Kolaylıkla Temizlenebilirlik: Temperli cam, normal camdan daha düz bir yüzeye sahiptir, bu da temizlenmesini kolaylaştırır. Daha az çatlak, oyuk veya yüzey dokusu olduğu için lekelerin ve kirlerin temizlenmesi daha kolaydır. Temperli cam, geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir ve güvenlik, dayanıklılık ve estetik açıdan tercih edilir. Bu özellikleri nedeniyle otomotiv endüstrisinden inşaat sektörüne, ev eşyalarından mobilyalara kadar birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır.<|endoftext|>Origins of the Jones suname were derived from the first name of John (or Jon) (1) through a naming convention called patronymics. In fact, many surnames can also be traced back to the given name of John. Examples of this include the surnames of Johnson, Johansen, and many others.
What makes the Jones surname unique is that it is primarily an English name, which was later adopted by others due to historical change and cultural influence.
One country in which the Jones surname was most widely adopted was the country of Wales. The most likely reason for this was due to passage of “The Act of Union” in 1536 which prohibited the use of the Welsh language in all official records. This meant that Welsh names needed to be registered in an anglicised (English) form. As a result, many Welsh family names like “Johnnes”, “Ieuan” or “Sion” were translated to “Jones” because it was closest anglicized version of many Welsh family names.
Although the above provides some insight and explanation for the origin of the Jones surname in Wales, it is a fairly general overview. Your own Jones family name may have originated in a different location or for different reasons. Typically, Jones was a name that was adopted by a family for a variety of cultural and historical reasons.
The following is a timeline of events that took place in the UK which had an impact on the formation of Jones as a family name.
|1066||Norman Conquest. William the Conqueror invades England and is crowned King. The use of a last name to identify a family is introduced by Norman landowners. (2)Most individuals up to this time had been using a single given name such as Bealdwine, Cuthbert, Eadgyth. After the Norman invasion, given names like John, Richard and William would become more prominent in the generations to come. (9)|
|1086||The first “census” of England is commissioned by William the Conqueror in order to assess the value of his lands and resources.Referred to as the “Doomsday Book”, it contained extensive records about landowners, tenants and properties including names and values. (3). The Jones surname is not mentioned.|
|1279||The first documented recording of the Jones surname (Matilda Jones) appears in Huntingdonshire, England, in the Hundred Rolls of Buckinghamshire. (4)|
|1282-1536||Portions of Wales are consolidated and placed under English rule. Resistance from the Welsh is strong and it takes hundreds of years for the English to gain control.The Welsh, which had been using patronymics to name individuals, begin to use the English styled (or anglicized) naming convention which combined a given name (first name) with a last name.|
|1536||England and Wales unite politically. The Acts of Union of 1536 and 1542 are introduced which prohibits the use of the Welsh language and requires the use of English for all official documents. This would have a profound impact on how Welsh names were recorded, because most were created and based on the Welsh language.|
|1538||Thomas Cromwell orders all parishes to record christenings, marriages, and burials in England and Wales.|
|1539||In Wales, the wealthier classes began to take surnames (last names) by decree. Most Welsh continued on with the patronymic naming convention and did not settle on a last name (including Jones) until a much later date. (5)|
|1587||First documented Jones living in America (Virginia). (6)|
|1790||First census taken in the United States. Names of the heads of households were taken. A total of 2,386 Joneses were documented in this first census. (7)|
|1837||Civil Registration in England and Wales begins.|
|1841||The first genealogically useful census is taken in the United Kingdom.|
References and Sources:
1. Jones Last Name Origins (JonesGenealogy.com)
2. Family Names And Family History by David Hey
3. The Doomsday Book Online at www.domesdaybook.co.uk
4. The Origin of English Surnames by P. H. Reaney
5. The Surnames of Wales by John and Sheila Rowlands
6. The First Colonists, Documents on the Planting of the First English Settlements in North America, 1584-1590. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources Division of Archives and History, 1982.
7. 1790 US Census at Ancestry.com
8. What’s in a Name? (www.bbc.co.uk)
9. Before Surnames (www.bbc.co.uk)<|endoftext|>现在是减肥盛行，但是有不少人在为增肥而苦恼，特别是一些男性，身材很瘦会让自己看起来没有男人味，不容易受人喜欢。但是想要长胖是不容易的，需要找到正确的方法才行。那么，人瘦了吃什么容易长胖？
1、粗粮。人们想要增肥，那么可以多吃粗粮，这些粗粮里不仅含有维生素、矿物质等营养，也有大量的碳水化合物，能够让肌肉和脂肪增长，让人们健康增肥。不过建议人们将粗粮打成糊状，这样既降低咀嚼性，有照顾到自己的肠胃，帮助肠胃消化。
2、薯条。薯条里有大量的碳水化合物，在做菜时放一些土豆，能够增加碳水化合物的摄入，也能加强营养。不过人们要记住，增肥不是通过吃肥肉、糖等高能量食物就能一蹴而就的，这样不仅会造成营养不良，即便长胖也不利于身体健康。
3、注意加餐。除了正常的一日三餐外，人们最好在两餐之间再加一小顿，一方面多吃东西能长胖，另一方面避免给肠胃带来负担。至于加的那一餐，内容可以是杂粮糊、面包、酸奶等。加餐时要注意食量，别吃太多，以免影响下一顿正餐。<|endoftext|>La colonna vertebrale è l'asse del nostro corpo, sperimentando il carico massimo, ed è più suscettibile a malattie e lesioni. Secondo le statistiche, oltre il 70% della popolazione adulta del pianeta ha osteocondrosi - una malattia del disco. Hanno un ruolo molto importante. Situato negli spazi intervertebrali, i dischi forniscono ammortizzazione della colonna vertebrale e la sua elasticità, la possibilità di movimenti. Nell'osteocondrosi, queste funzioni sono compromesse, spesso si sviluppa una complicazione sotto forma di ernie e protrusione (prolasso) del disco.
Il concetto di ernia intervertebrale
Il disco cartilagineo è costituito da una parte esterna densa - l'anello fibroso e una parte interna simile a gelatina - il nucleo pulpare. Con alterazioni degenerative del disco, la sua cartilagine perde elasticità, come se si asciugasse, diventando fragile. Di conseguenza, durante carichi e movimenti, l'anello fibroso si rompe, il nucleo viene spostato.
Andando oltre la fessura intervertebrale, spreme le radici nervose, il midollo spinale, causando dolore pronunciato, restrizione dei movimenti e persino disturbi degli organi pelvici. Lo spostamento della cartilagine può avvenire in avanti, a destra, a sinistra e indietro. Il più grande pericolo è rappresentato da ernie posteriori, che si muovono verso il canale spinale, comprimono il midollo spinale e possono anche portare allo sviluppo della paralisi. Questo può verificarsi in qualsiasi
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, and effectiveness of MPAs, we can achieve our global ambition to conserve life in the ocean.”<|endoftext|>Il partizionamento dei dati può rivelarsi molto utile quando l’applicativo è utilizzato da utenti che hanno necessità di accedere all’applicazione in modo limitato, visualizzando e modificando solo i record loro riservati o da loro stessi inseriti, quando cioè ci troviamo di fronte a un applicativo multi-tenant. In questo articolo vediamo come applicare il partizionamento a vari livelli di profondità.<|endoftext|>چه ورزش هایی در دوران بارداری مفید است؟
ورزش مادر در دوران بارداری، اثرات مفیدی بر روی دستگاه عصبی خودکار قلب جنین دارد و باعث کنترل فعالیت های غیرارادی بدن مانند ضربان قلب، فشار خون، آهنگ تنفس را در اندام های داخلی می شود.
به گزارش حکیم نیوز: ورزش در دوران بارداری نه تنها برای مادر بلکه برای کودک نیز فواید قلبی- عروقی به همراه دارد. همچنین ورزش مادر در دوران بارداری، اثرات مفیدی بر روی دستگاه عصبی خودکار قلب جنین دارد و باعث کنترل فعالیت های غیرارادی بدن مانند ضربان قلب، فشار خون، آهنگ تنفس را در اندام های داخلی می شود.
فواید ورزش در دوران بارداری
کالج متخصص زنان و زایمان آمریکا (ACOG) حداقل ۱۵۰ دقیقه در هفته ورزش هوازی با شدت متوسط را برای زنان باردار توصیه می کند که می تواند شامل پیاده روی یا یک تمرین دیگر باشد که ضربان قلب شما را افزایش می دهد و باعث می شود شما عرق کنید.
در واقع مطالعات متعددی وجود دارد که همبستگی بین ورزش متوسط در دوران بارداری و نتایج مثبت مادر و کودک در دوران بارداری، زایمان و دوره پس از زایمان را نشان می دهد. برخی از مزایای ورزش در دوران بارداری عبارتند از کاهش خطر ابتلا به دیابت بارداری، کاهش خطر ابتلا به پره اکلامپسی – یک بیماری جدی که با فشار خون بالا مشخص می شود، کنترل بهتر افزایش وزن، تقویت قلب و رگ های خونی مادر، کاهش درد کمر، کاهش یبوست و...
ورزش های مناسب دوران بارداری
ورزش هایی مانند پیاده روی، شنا، و دوچرخه سواری بر روی دوچرخه ثابت ورزشی، همگی روش های خوب و ایمن ورزش هستند، تا زمانی که بیش از حد انجام ندهید.
یوگا بارداری و پیلاتس برای تقویت و تونینگ خوب هستند، هرچند شما باید یک معلم واجد شرایط داشته باشید، که در زمینه بارداری آموزش دیده باشد.
سعی کنید نوع فعالیتی را که انجام می دهید ،متفاوت کنید، ترکیبی از ورزش های هوازی مانند شنا و پیاده روی و تمرینات تقویت و ترمیم، مانند یوگا و Pilates، ایده آل است.
ورزش هایی که در دوران بارداری توصیه نمی شود
ورزش هایی که ممکن است موجب سقوط شوند، مانند دویدن، اسب سواری، اسکی، ژیمناستیک، اسکیت، باید اجتناب شوند؛ همچنین غواصی نیز در دوران بارداری ناامن است.
ورزشهای توپی از قبیل، فوتبال، راگبی، تنیس و اسکواش، نیز خطرناک است، زیرا ممکن است به شکم ضربه وارد کند.
بعضی از پزشکان و ماماها توصیه می کنند، افراد پس از سه ماهه دوم، دوچرخه سواری در جاده ها را نیز کنار بگذارند.<|endoftext|>به گزارش اسپوتنیک نشنال اینترست در این باره نوشت.
این روزنامه خاطر نشان می کند که علی رغم اطلاعیه های قبلی در خصوص آزمایشات ناموفق تسلیحات مافوق صوت با حامل موشک آگنی۱، پروژه تسلیحات مافوق صوت در هند خود به خود گام شوم و خطرناکی به سمت جنگ سرد با پاکستان است.
نویسنده این مقاله تاکید می کند که برای دستیابی به سرعت مافوق صوت، دهلی نو به توسعه سرعت تا ۲۰ ماخ همانند تسلیحات روسیه تلاش نمی کند. وی یادآوری می کند که آمریکا برای استفاده از تسلیحات مافوق صوت روسیه با چنین سرعتی نگران است برای آنکه نمی تواند به آن برسد.
این مجله خاطر نشان می کند که فاصله بین پایتخت های دشمنان بالقوه یعنی دهلی نو و اسلام آباد کلا کمی بیشتر از ۷۰۰ کیلومتر است و موشک توسعه یافته با سرعت تا ۵ تا ۱۰ ماخ از یکی از این کشورها طی یک دقیقه به هدف اصابت خواهد کرد.
در انتها نویسنده می نویسد که پاکستان با آگاهی به این موضوع که هند اسلحه مافوق صوت دارد ممکن است خود را در قفس ایده « از همه استفاده بکن یا همه چیز را از دست بده» احساس خواهد کرد.
هشدار نشنال اینترست برای آغاز جنگ اتمی
به گزارش اسپوتنیک نشنال اینترست در این باره نوشت.<|endoftext|>Her günün sonunda uyumadan önce kendisine 'Bugün hangi şarkıyı keşfettin, daha önce gidip görmediğin bir yere gittin mi, birşey bilmediğin herhangi bir konu hakkında o birşeyleri öğrenebildin mi?" sorularını sorar, ondan sonra yatar. Kendisine 'uykucu' sıfatını yakıştırsa da uyurken geçirdiği her dakika kendi ömründen yediği gibi bir düşünce de sinsice yanıbaşında durmaktadır.<|endoftext|>Natural gas will continue to make a significant contribution to energy supply in Germany over the coming decades. In particular, gas can continue to play an important role as a bridge from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Germany also extracts its own gas. But 93% of the gas it uses is imported, mainly from Russia, Norway and the Netherlands. Natural gas reaches Germany via pipelines, and is subsequently fed into the German long-distance gas grid and the downstream distribution grid.
An important role in the energy transition
Natural gas is the second most important primary energy source in Germany’s energy mix, after petroleum. In 2015, its share of primary energy consumption amounted to 21.1 per cent.
The heat market is still by far the most important market for natural gas. However, nowadays gas is used for more than just producing heat. It is also a flexible and diverse source of energy to balance fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energy, and in future can be a form of storage for renewable electricity and a source of energy for mobility. As it produces less CO2, natural gas is also more climate-friendly than other fossil fuels.
The total length of Germany’s gas grid is 511,000 km. The pipelines which go to make up the gas grid are essential for transporting and distributing natural gas. They enable widely varying quantities of gas to be delivered safely over long distances. Considerable amounts of gas are transported across Germany to other EU states.
The Gas Network Development Plan, which is updated each year, includes measures for the expansion of the network in line with demand and for ensuring secure supply and safe and reliable network operation.
Natural gas extraction in Germany: fracking
In 2015, approx. 8.6 billion cubic metres of natural gas was extracted, 8.5 billion of this total by means of “hydraulic fracturing”, or “fracking”. Conventional fracking has been deployed in Germany for many years and is a proven method of extracting natural gas from sandstone rock formations. Safety is the number one priority where fracking is concerned: fracking is banned in sensitive areas. Also, the Federal Government has clearly stated its opposition to the use of “unconventional fracking”; no experience has been gathered with this in Germany so far. .
Playing safe with the gas supply
The strong dependence on imports means that the instruments for are vital. Germany’s natural gas supply is very secure and reliable. Germany has the world's fourth-largest gas-storage capacity, which at close to 24.1 billion cubic metres is also the largest within the entire European Union.
Trade and regulation of the gas market
The German gas market is characterised by a large number of privately organised operators in the areas of networks, storage operations and gas trading. There are currently two market areas in Germany (NCG and Gaspool), each with their own coordinator who ensures that access to the gas grid and market activities are carried out in an efficient fashion. 16 long-distance gas companies are currently operating on the German gas market – other players are the distribution system operators, storage facility operators, and traders. The EU internal market package for the liberalisation of the market for electricity and natural gas, most recently amended by the Third Internal Energy Market Package, redefines the areas of activity of market players. To promote competition, the operators of gas supply networks and storage facilities are separated from natural gas trading activities. The electricity and gas supply grids are regulated by the and the regulatory authorities of the Länder.
Gas price and costs
As is the case for other goods and services, natural gas prices are not regulated but are set according to supply and demand. Prices are based on different cost components.
Acquisition costs include the gas purchase price and transport costs. Distribution costs are all the costs involved in transmitting natural gas to the end customers. These costs also include all costs associated with the expansion and maintenance of the natural gas grid.
The natural gas tax is based on the Energy Tax Act under which the level of natural gas consumption in the various areas of application is taxed.
Where network operators use public land for laying and operating gas pipelines, they must pay the concession fee to the respective local authority. You can find out more about the gas prices .
Looking ahead to power-to-gas: using gas to store energy
Another important and promising use for the natural gas grid is emerging. By converting electricity from renewable sources into hydrogen or methane and feeding it into the natural gas grid, the latter could serve as a huge reservoir for several billion kilowatt hours of energy. A number of very encouraging research and demonstration projects aimed at using this technology on a large scale over the next decade are currently underway. For more information, please click .
Promoting the use of natural gas as a fuel is one way to cut the carbon emissions in the transport sector, because vehicles fuelled by natural gas emit hardly any particulates or nitrous oxides. For this reason, the Economic Affairs Ministry has launched the “Round Table on Gas-Based Mobility”. The aim is to enable the transport sector to achieve a share of four per cent of final energy consumption by 2020. .<|endoftext|>Joshua and The Twelve Tribes: An Expositional Commentary
Audio Download - $34.95
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Available in our On-Demand streaming service.
Also available in various Book formats here...
Under close examination, the Book of Joshua seems to be a precursor to the book of Revelation: another Yehoshua, as Commander-in-Chief, will dispossess the Planet Earth of its usurpers -- first sending in two witnesses, then with a series of judgments of sevens, finally defeating the kings with signs in the sun and moon while the kings of the earth all hide in caves. What does the name "Joshua" mean?
This study contains 16 hours of verse by verse teachings.
Copyright © 12-01-2001
- Chapter 1: Introduction to Joshua (its historical, practical, and prophetic aspects). Joshua's personal profile.
- Chapter 2-4: Rahab and the two spies. Crossing the Jordan. Two sets of stones.
- Chapter 5-6: Spiritual preparation. Encounter with the Captain of the Lord's Host. Conquest of Jericho. Jubilee year.
- Chapter 7-8: Defeat at Ai. Sin in the Camp. Victory.
- Chapter 9-10: Covenant with Gibeon. Battle at Bethhoron. Completion of the Southern conquest.
- The Long Day of Joshua: Detailed study of 10:12-13. Catastrophe models. Calendar study. Orbital resonance.
- Chapter 11-12: Northern Campaign. Joshua's generalship.
- Chapter 13-24: The Division of the Land.
- Twelve Tribes Introduction: Camp of Israel. The Mazzeroth
- The Tribe of Judah: Background. The Sceptre departs.
- Levi and Simeon: Shechem. The Priesthood. Cities of Refuge.
- Joseph: Ephraim and Manasseh: Story of Joseph. Jacob's blessing. Joseph as a type.
- Reuben, Gad, Benjamin, & Dan: The Tribes. The Moabite Stone. Jacob's Prophecy.
- Zebulun, Issachar, Asher and Naphtali: The Tribes. Summary of the Names of the Tribes.
- The Ten "Lost Tribes": The myth. British Israelism. The Northern Kingdom.
- The Twelve Tribes Today: The Servitude of the Nation. The holocaust of Europe
Session 1 of 16 - Chapter 1: Introduction to Joshua (its historical, practical, and prophetic aspects). Joshua's personal profile.
Available in the following formats:Audiobook Download:
- Digital Audio Files
- Digital Audio Files
- Handbook (PDF Study Notes)
- Digital Audio Files on Disc
- Handbook (PDF Study Notes) on Disc
Chuck Missler was the Founder of Koinonia House and Koinonia Institute. It was Chuck’s vision for this ministry that brings us together. His aim was to stimulate us to dig into the Bible ourselves because as we study there is a real opportunity for us to encounter the God of the Universe. Chuck passed away on May 1st, 2018.<|endoftext|>Bir görevli tercümanın çeviri hatası yüzünden Rusya, dünya eşi değeri bulunmayan üç Sibirya kaplanını Güney Kore’ye hediye etmek zorunda kaldı.
Basında yer alan haberlere göre, Rusya Doğayı Koruma Federal Kurumu (Rosprirodnadzor) Başkanı Vladimir Kirillov Güney Kore’yi ziyaretinde ülke Tabii Kaynaklar Bakan Yardımcısı ile görüşürken, Koreli yetkili ülkesinin “Sibirya kaplanlarına çok ilgi duyduğunu” dile getirdi. Fakat bu sözleri görevli tercüman, “Efendim Güney Kore, Rusya’nın kendilerine birkaç Sibirya kaplanı armağan edilmesini istiyor.” diye hatalı bir çeviri yaptı. Rus tarafı konuyu ele alacaklarını belirtirken, Kore tarafı da bu açıklamayı “sürpriz” olarak değerlendirdi.
Putin kaplanların gönderilmesini istedi
Güney Kore’ye birkaç Sibirya kaplanının hediye edilmesi konusu Ağustos ayında Başbakanlık’ta doğanın korunmasıyla ilgili toplantıda ele alındı. Rusya’nın sürpriz hediyesnden memnun olan Güney Kore gerekli yazışmaları tamamladı. Putin, Rusya ve Güney Kore Cumhuriyeti arasında diplomatik ilişkilerin kurulmasının 20.yıldönümü şerefine dün gerçekleşen kutlamalarda, üç Sibirya kaplanının hediye olarak gönderilmesi talimatını verdi. Hediyeler önümüzdeki yıl Güney Kore yetkililerine teslim edilecek. Güney Kore, eşi değeri bulunmayan Sibirya kaplanlarını ise Seul devlet hayvanat bahçesinde sergilemeyi düşünüyor.
Sibirya kaplanı Uluslararası Koruma listesinde yer alıyor. Rusya’nın Uzakdoğu bölgesinde yaşayan Sibirya kaplanları son 12 yılda yüzde 40 oranında azaldı. Uzunluğu 270-310 santimetre, kuyruğu ise 80-100 santimetre olan yırtıcı hayvanın Rusya’daki toplam sayısı yaklaşık 500.<|endoftext|>Cos'è la sanità pubblica?
Le tre funzioni fondamentali della salute pubblica ei 10 servizi sanitari pubblici essenziali forniscono una definizione operativa di salute pubblica e un quadro guida per le responsabilità dei sistemi sanitari pubblici locali.
Le funzioni di valutazione, sviluppo delle politiche e garanzia ci aiutano a bilanciare e focalizzare le nostre tre responsabilità di salute pubblica del governo mentre ci sforziamo di fornire servizi essenziali basati sulla popolazione ai nostri elettori.
- Monitorare lo stato di salute per identificare e risolvere i problemi di salute della comunità.
- Diagnosticare e indagare sui problemi di salute e sui rischi per la salute nella comunità.
- Informare, istruire e responsabilizzare le persone sui problemi di salute.
- Mobilitare i partenariati della comunità e l'azione per identificare e risolvere i problemi di salute.
- Sviluppare politiche e piani che supportano gli sforzi per la salute individuale e della comunità.
- Applicare leggi e regolamenti che tutelano la salute e garantiscono la sicurezza.
- Collegare le persone ai servizi sanitari personali necessari e garantire la fornitura di assistenza sanitaria quando altrimenti non disponibile.
- Assicurare personale sanitario competente e personale.
- Valutare l'efficacia, l'accessibilità e la qualità dei servizi sanitari personali e basati sulla popolazione.
- Ricerca di nuove intuizioni e soluzioni innovative ai problemi di salute.
Informazioni sui contatti
Telefono:
(702) 759-1000
Aggiornato il: 31 Agosto 2021<|endoftext|>Valilikten yapılan yazılı açıklamada, şehir merkezinde yapılacak gösteri ve yürüyüş alanlarının yeniden belirlendiği belirtilerek, şöyle denildi:
"Bu kapsamda açık yer toplantı ve gösteri yürüyüş alanı olarak toplanma yeri Lise Kavşağı ile (Öğretmenevi arkası) Nurcan Sokak (1507) köşesi arasındaki bölüm, yürüyüş güzergahı Kuzey Çevre Yolu (1713 Sokak) İstasyon Kavşağı-Atatürk Bulvarı (Doğumevi kavşağı) Fatih Düğün Salonu önünden Cumhuriyet Alanı'nda sona erecektir.
Toplanma yeri İzmir Caddesi ile Çarşı Bulvarı kesişimi yürüyüş güzergahı Çarşı Bulvarını takiben, Borsa Caddesi (Hatuniye Cami arkasından) Atatürk Bulvarı üzeri, Cumhuriyet Meydanında son bulacak.
Toplanma yeri 19 Mayıs Stadyumu önü, yürüyüş güzergahı Halil Erdoğan Caddesi takiben, Devlet Hastanesi Kavşağı, Cumhuriyet Caddesi, Doğumevi Kavşağı, Atatürk Bulvarı Cumhuriyet Alanında sona erecektir.
Açık hava toplantı alanı Kazım Karabekir Mahallesi, 441 Sokak ile 447 Sokak ve 308 sokak arasında kalan boş alanın ve Dere Mahallesi Niobe Ağlayan Kaya yanında bulunan Şehir Antik Tiyatro, dağılma yönleri toplantıların yapıldığı boş alana açılan cadde ve sokaklar.
Toplanma yeri 19 Mayıs Stadyumu önü yürüyüş güzerg
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practitioners and advocates in their work to prevent chronic disease in communities heavily impacted by violence. We also hope that this paper will be a resource for a broader audience, including funders, policymakers, researchers, and anyone working to build safe, healthy communities.<|endoftext|>West-Germany: ZEISS IKON AG: 1953-1972:
A flagship going down
The West-German branch of the Zeiss Ikon brand, built up in Stuttgart after the war as the "main office", had problems realizing what was going on in the new camera world as not only the East-Germans, but Italians, Swiss, Hungarian, British and even
French cameras were ahead of them in the field of eye level slrs. Their answer initiated a wave of not so good looking, heavy cameras with a central shutter in the lens. Most West-German brands followed this trend, Wirgin Edixa being the only one to chose
another path. So, if they could not make the best cameras, their policy to get big marked shares in Europe was to hunt down the East-Germans by law suits that forced them to change camera name from Contax to Pentacon, and lens name from Carl Zeiss, Jena, to
CZJ or just Jena, or Pentacon, among other names. All kinds of obstacles were set up to keep the East-Germans out of western markets, and with full support of the real commanding officer, the US administration. To discredit the East-Germans further, even the
M42 mount, born with the Contax S and the Praktica, was named Pentax mount in the west, as Pentax had adopted the mount and spread it among other brands.
For a relatively short time, this policy was rewarded with high sales for West-German brands in the
west. Zeiss Ikon AG had released the Contaflex in 1953, and it was a leader in the west for some years, until sales dropped and production was stopped in 1968. ZI AG had for long been lacking the technology of the Japanese, and even lost against the remaining
East-Germans, i.e. Praktica.
Presented in 1958, with start of production in '59 and generally available from 1960, Zeiss Ikon AG came up with a camera that was meant to knock out the competition among the pros. Their new star was the Contarex. But it
was ugly, heavy and very expensive, and still had no IRM. Quality was good, a variety of high class lenses were offered with it, as ZI finally understood the shortcomings of the leaf shutter. But the Contarex was no big success, and was only produced until
Most West-German brands went out of business during the 60s, and Zeiss Ikon was losing too. What had been earned through many years in leading position, got wings to fly on as developing and production costs by far surpassed sales income.
In 1965 Zeiss Ikon AG merged with, or finally took over Voigtländer, after some 10 years as minority stock holder. Voigtländer was just developing a couple of interesting models at the same time. Bessaflex was a more modern camera than Contaflex,
and could have been the camera that ZI needed. But the plans were put aside.
Instead, another Voigtländer construction was released, the Icarex in 1966. That was going to be the preferred ZI camera until all camera production was ended in 1972.
But the name was not dead: Zeiss went into a co-operation with Yashica of Japan, and in 1975 the Contax RTS was born!
This camera is described in this chapter, as well as under Yashica. Still, the end of Carl Zeiss Stuttgart is defined to be
Contaflex was introduced in 1953, and was the first PP SLR from West Germany. But this western branch of Zeiss Ikon Conteflex was the first PP SLR from West-Germany and the first with Leaf Shutter, a shutter build into the lens. The camera came in many versions in the years to come. Here is one from the first edition., with a fixed 45 mm lens. Size: 127x90x51mm. Weight: 684 g. Sn. N 38855.
Simple layout: Winder with counter and shutter release button to the right. Rewind knob with DIN scale to the left. Aperture, shutter speed and focus ring on the lens. The flashshoe on the prism house was extra.
Carl Zeiss fixed Tessar Synchro-Compur 45/2.8. Sn. 1692569.
A later Contaflex of 1959, now with interchangeable lenses, winder arm and selenium metering. Sn. Y 88621.
Winder arm to the right. A dial at the upper left front to adjust setting according to metering.
Zeiss ikon Contarex of 1960. Called Bulls Eye due to the selenium light meter mounted in front of the prism. A dominating eye. The camera was HEAVY, as it consisted of very many parts and had high build quality.
Weight: 1065 grams. Size: 154x105x64 mm. Sn. T 90367.
Zeiss Ikon family..
Contarex with the bulls eye. Aperture settings was operated from the vertical dial behind the Contarex logo. ASA settings by the lowest dial under the winder.
Foldable crank rewinder to the left. Flash shoe on the prism house.
Here it starts to get crowded: winder, frame counter, ASA/DIN dial, shutter speed dial and shutter release button, all placed around the same axis on the right hand side.
A very smooth focusing ring on this Carl Zeiss Tessar 50/2,8.
1966: Icarex 35:
Although developed by Voigtländer, the introduction of the Icarex 35 had to wait until after the merger with Zeiss Ikon in 1965. The Icarex was the third in the row of PP SLRs form Zeiss Ikon AG, and introducing the third mount. This, of course
limited the variety of lenses. So, in 1970, ZI introduced an Icarex with M42 mount, but it did not help. Production of the Icarex was terminated in 1971.
The Icarex 35 of '66 had an interchangeable viewfinder with three versions: ordinary penta prism as seen here, traditional waist level prism and the metering CS prism. Weight: 743 grams. Size: 146x96x53 mm. Sn. P 27311.
ASA/DIN settings to the left, around rewinder. Shutter time setting around winder to the right. Winder has a very long stroke.
The CS version: Weight: 791 grams. Size: 146x102x63mm. (House with CS prism.) Sn. N 7582.
The CS meter was operated as follows: set the ASA/DIN value. (Inner dial on top of the prism.) Set the shutter speed on shutter speed dial and on CS meter dial. The aperture values are seen in the viewer above the subject. Turn the aperture ring on the lens until an arrow hits a circle in the viewer.
The advantage over the Bessamatic from '59 was that one could see the values in the viewer. But compared to the two years older Pentax Spotmatic, this Icarex was already far behind.
Zeiss Ikon and Voigtländer marked at the back..
but only Zeiss Ikon at the front.
1975: Contax RTS:
Knocked out by the Japanese smaller, lighter, technically more advanced and less expensive cameras, Zeiss Ikon AG in West-Germany finally had to admit that the hegemony, and the game, was over. Even the East-Germans had far bigger success with their
Prakticas than the somewhat arrogant big brothers in the west. The people at VEB Pentacon in Dresden must have had a laugh as the company that forced them to change names after winning the cases in western courts now had to give up production, while Prakticas
were sold in millions.
But Zeiss Ikon didn't quite give up. They admitted that if you cannot beat them, join them.
So, Zeiss went eastwards, all the way to Japan to cooperate. They chose Yashica as partner.
From 1975, a new Contax
was born, the RTS produced by Yashica. Lenses wore the name of Zeiss, Yashinon or Yashica, depending on the price tag.
Yashica also made other Contaxes than the RTS, the flagship.
In 1983, Yashica was taken over by Kyocera. That was just
before autofocus SLRs entered the scene, and Contax/Yashica did not manage to stand out among the few SLR camera producers still alive. But good quality cameras were still produced, including RTS II and III, diiferent versions of 137, 139, 159 and 167-models.
Then ST, S2, S2b, RX with focus assistance, AX (1996, AF, but not successful), Aria and lastly the RX II in 2002. Contax never made it into the digital era, and Kyocera stopped camera production in 2005.
The Contax RTS was a quality product. The first RTS came in 1975, the RTS II Quartz in 1982, and the final one, the RTS III in 1990. Here is an RTS II Quartz.
Allthough built in 1982, the design of handles was more or less the well known Pentax design from 1957, although the shutter time and ASA/DIN values had switched places.
A Yashica branded lens on this one, which reduced the kit price substantially compared to the Carl Zeiss branded ones.<|endoftext|>Incastrato perfettamente tra le mura di due edifici lungo la strada, in via del Santuario. È la sorte capitata alla motrice di un tir oggi a Ribis di Reana poco dopo le 15.15 di oggi. Forse il conducente voleva fare una semplice inversione, fatto sta che si è ritrovato letteralmente bloccato con il suo camion al centro della strada, vicino alla chiesa.<|endoftext|>
※ 蔬菜汤的做法 （二日份）
基本材料：白萝卜中型约四分之一根，白萝卜叶用大萝卜的叶子约四分之一丛（萝卜叶生长毛的不适用）。红萝卜中型约二分之一根，牛蒡中型约二分之一根，干香菇（一片晒过太阳），（萝卜叶要浸水二小时才使用，因恐有残留农药）。
作法：蔬菜不要事前烫过，要连皮切大块。烹煮的锅子要使用耐热的玻璃锅或不锈钢锅。放进蔬菜三倍的水。水煮开后，再以小火煮二小时。把菜汤替代水来喝。盆栽内的草木快枯萎时，菜汤浇在其周围会恢复元气。注意事项：请务必按照基本的配合的份量煮食，以免失去平衡的效益。不要混合其他的药草或植物，以免产生有毒物质。绝对不可使用珐琅或特氟隆加工锅，因为珐琅或特氟隆会溶化，请使用耐热玻璃锅或不锈钢锅。（不可用塑胶杯装）。
※ 糙米茶的做法
（一）能使血液畅通，糙米茶有清血作用及分解胆固醇，能让血液在血管流通更顺畅，可预防高血压与脑溢血，由于血液流通畅，将可以供给细胞充足的养分及氧气，免疫能力自然会增加而达到预防疾病的效果。
（二）能使小便畅通，糙米茶有利尿功能，可排出体内多余的养分及毒素，更有帮助胰脏分泌胰岛素的功能，同时能降低血糖，对糖尿病患者有相当大的功效。
（三）能使大便畅通，糙米因含有最丰富的天然纤维，有助于排出肠内宿便，预防大肠、直肠癌及结肠癌。
基本材料：糙米180CC（一碗）、水八 （八碗）首次茶汁作法：把糙米放在没沾油的锅中，炒黄褐色（米不要炒到爆裂）。同时在另一锅内放八碗的水并将水煮沸，把炒好的糙米放进锅里，立刻关火，并放置五分钟，以网子过滤糙米，茶汁待用。二次茶汁作法：将8碗水煮沸，将第一次过滤的茶渣放入沸水中，小火煮五分钟，用网子过滤，茶汁待用。三将两次茶汁混合之后可以饮用。需依病症变更饮用量。糙米茶不可与含蛋白质的食物（牛奶）混合饮用。蔬菜汤和糙米茶不要同时饮用，饮用时间请间隔十五分钟以上，以免效果减半，与中药须间隔一小时，与西药须间隔二小时。
注：糙米—稻谷去掉谷糠未抛光的米叫糙米
|想了解牛蒡茶？请致电：0311-85865115
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<|endoftext|>4TH Grade Schedule
8:35- Homeroom/Band Lessons
9:00 - Math
10:15- Word Study/Grammar/Spelling
11:50- Writer's Workshop
12:30- Reader's Workshop
1:20 - Snack
1:30- Specials - PE, Library, Technology, Music, Art
2:15 Content area
indoor board games, cards, etc
Fourth Grade News
1. Have a set place for homework and keep a pencil box filled with all the supplies they need.
2. Set a time limit. No more than 1 hour should be spent on homework.
3. Have students work on the easier homework first.
4. If they struggle with a concept, write the teacher a note with the unfinished work.
5. If they are not doing their work, make it my problem and just put it away unfinished.<|endoftext|>نظامی عروضی سمرقندی نویسندهٔ ایرانی سده ششم هجری و نویسندهٔ کتاب چهار مقاله است.
احمد بن عمر بن علی سمرقندی، مکنی به ابوالحسن، ملقب به نظامالدین یا نجمالدین، و معروف به نظامی عروضی، از نویسندگان و شاعران قرن ششم هجری قمری است. در اواخر قرن پنجم در سمرقند زاده شد. پس از کسب علوم مقدماتی در سمرقند، در سالهای ۵۰۴ تا ۵۰۶ رهسپار خراسان شد. در در سال ۵۰۶ در بلخ به خدمت عمر خیام، و در سال ۵۱۰ در طوس به خدمت امیر معزی رسید. وی به دربار ملوک آل شنسب پیوست و سالها مداحی شاهان آن سلسله را میکرد. کتاب معروف خویش مجمعالنوادر مشهور به چهار مقاله را در حدود سالهای ۵۵۱-۵۵۲ ه. ق به نام ابوالحسن حسامالدین علی بن فخرالدوله مسعود برادرزاده ملک شمسالدین محمد پادشاه غوری تالیف کرد،<|endoftext|>Göbek yağı birçoğumuz için sorunlu bir bölgedir. Tüm çabalarımıza ve spor salonunda geçirdiğimiz saatlere rağmen, orta bölgemizde kilo vermek zor olabilir.
Birçok kadın için kilo alımı yaşla birlikte gerçekleşir. Metabolizma yavaşlar ve vücudunuz o kadar çok kalori yakmadığından, kilolar yavaş yavaş artmaya başlayabilir. Yaşla birlikte, rol oynayan çeşitli faktörler vardır. İşte göbek yağının gelişimi ve nasıl kaybedileceği hakkında bilmeniz gereken her şey.
Göbek Yağının Arkasındaki Bilim
Göbek yağı, karın iç organlarınızı çevreleyen yağ yastığı olan “visseral yağ” veya “omental yağ” anlamına gelir. Fazla miktarda olmasının kalp hastalığı ve diyabet ve obeziteyi içeren metabolik sendromla bağlantılı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yağ hücreleri, metabolizmamızı değiştiren kimyasallar salgılar.
Örneğin, uyluklarınızdaki yağlarla karşılaştırıldığında, iç organlar için doğrudan bir besin kaynağı oldukları için viseral yağ hücreleri daha aktiftir. Dr. Mike Hoaglin, Dr. Medikal Direktörü DrHouse, açıklar. Özellikle çok fazla olduğunda kilo vermeyi ve kan şekerini düşürmeyi zorlaştıran sitokin adı verilen daha fazla inflamatuar kimyasal salgılarlar.
Karın karaciğere çok yakın olduğu için, sürekli olarak karaciğere ve ardından kan dolaşımına yağ gönderir, bu da kolesterolü ve vücut iltihabının genel belirteçlerini artırabilir. Yüksek miktarda viseral yağ, normalde yağ yakımını artırmaya ve kan şekerini düşürmeye yardımcı olan adiponektin gibi faydalı hormonları da bloke eder.
Kadınlarda Göbek Yağlarının Nedeni Nedir?
Stres de göbekteki yağ dağılımına katkıda bulunabilir, Dr. Hoaglin ekler. Stresle birlikte kortizol gibi uçuş veya uçuş hormonları gelir. Kortizol, vücudumuzun yağ ve şekeri daha da sıkı tutmasına neden olur ve göbek yağı en aktif olan ilk diblere sahiptir. Genetik, özellikle kadınlarda, kadınlar visseral olarak yağ depolamaya meyilli olduklarından, bir rol oynar.
“Karın obezitesinin ana nedenleri kötü beslenmedir – öncelikle çok fazla şeker, alkol ve trans yağ ve yeterli protein olmaması” diyor. Dr. Mir Ali, Dr. Bariatrik cerrah ve Fountain Valley, CA’daki Orange Coast Tıp Merkezi’ndeki MemorialCare Cerrahi Kilo Kaybı Merkezi’nin tıbbi direktörü. “Etkinlik eksikliği de önemli bir rol oynar. Diğer katkıda bulunan faktörler arasında uyku eksikliği ve genetik sayılabilir.”
Göbek Yağınızın Fazla Olduğunu Nasıl Anlarsınız?
Bel çevresi fazla göbek yağ
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out as “a small scientific body founded ‘to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge’ “, the National Geographic Society has been on the front lines of human experience, highlighting the people, animals, and environments of our world through groundbreaking images and top-notch journalism.
In celebration of their 125th anniversary, we thought we’d share with you some fun facts about National Geographic:
- The National Geographic Society flag has been to the moon; to Earth’s highest point, Mount Everest; to its lowest point, the Mariana Trench; and to the North and South Poles.
- Inventor Alexander Graham Bell served as the National Geographic Society’s second president.
- An asteroid (Geographos), a dinosaur (Leaellynasaura amicagraphica), an extinct ape (Simiolus enjiesi), several orchid species, a fish, a sea flea, a laughing thrush and many geographical features, including peaks, lakes, glaciers, rivers and seamounts, have been named for National Geographic or its representatives.
- National Geographic inventor Greg Marshall has attached his Crittercam device to more than 60 animal species, gleaning information on their secret lives.
- Some 4 million U.S. 4th to 8th graders compete annually in the annual National Geographic Bee.
Predictably, there are a number of promotional materials you can check out in conjunction with this momentous milestone, including “National Geographic 125 Years” book and a webpage dedicated to exploring the iconic photos and topics featured throughout the years. We here at STEM Works all have a very personal connection with the magazine and the way their content intimately connects us with the world. What is your experience with National Geographic?<|endoftext|>IELTS Academic Reading Sample 174 - Australia and the Great War
- Last Updated: Friday, 07 July 2017 23:09
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Australia and the Great War, 1914 – 1918
Australia’s role in the First World War, or the Great War as it was known until 1939, is central to the development of modern Australia’s vision of itself in the world. In many ways, it has served to create what is in some ways a second founding of the nation in the Gallipoli campaign and on the battlefields of France and Belgium. The influence of the war experience in the First, and Second, World War is evident in the way in which ANZAC day is, perhaps even more than Australia day, the country’s national day.
When the war broke out in 1914, it was a certainty that, because of longstanding economic, family and defence ties, Australia, along with New Zealand, would stand alongside Britain. The then Prime Minister Andrew Fisher was quick to pledge the country’s support to “the last man, the last shilling”. This was no idle promise and Australia paid a high price for their loyalty to their colonizers. From a pre-war population of 5m, 417,000 enlisted in the armed forces, of which 324,000 served abroad. By the end of the war, Australia had lost 60,000 dead and 155,000 men had been wounded. The economic price was also high. The national debt, which had stood at ₤6m in 1914, was ₤325m by the end of the war.
It is possible that the first shot of the war was fired in Australia, when a shot was fired across the bow of the German merchant ship Pfalz as it tried to escape from Port Arthur only a few hour after the declaration of war. In late 1914 the light cruiser HMAS Sydney sank the German warship Emden off the west coast of the country. Also early in the war, Australian troops captured the German radio transmitters in Rabaul and Nauru and conquered all of German New Guinea.
At first the Australian forces were intended only to defend Australia, but in 1915 the Australia New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) departed for Europe. Their first stop was Egypt and it was because they were so close that they were chosen to take part in the campaign to capture the Gallipoli peninsula, the key to shipping into the Black Sea, from the Turks. The plan was for British, French and Anzac forces to land on the peninsular at night at weak points in the Turkish defence. However, strong winds blew the troops off course to better-defended spots and in the advantage was lost. What followed was months of bitter fighting in which 20,000 British and 7,000 ANZAC soldiers were killed and which ended in a successful withdrawal, but no gain for the Allies. It was at this moment of history that Australia was propelled onto the world stage. From this moment onward Australia began to think of itself as a country in its own right; as being separate to Britain and no longer a colony.
Most of the ANZAC force was sent to Europe, but the Australian Light Horse remained to fight Turkish forces in Palestine and Syria. They defended the Suez Canal and advanced through Palestine and Syria. They also took part in what was one of the world’s last great cavalry charges at Beersheba.
The main ANZAC force arrived in Europe in 1916. The ANZAC experience was similar to that of the other participants in the war; a high death toll and little gain to be shown for it. Australian forces were present at all the major battles of the war and sustained some terrible casualties. For example, in 24 hours near Pozieres the 5th Division suffered 5,000 casualties. At the battle of Bullecort, of the 3,000 men who advanced, 2339 were killed, wounded or captured.
By 1917 most of the officers were not professional soldiers. The most prominent example was General Sir John Monash, who was an engineer by training. He commanded the allied forces at the battle of Hamel so well that the general staff published the battle reports as a model. In August 1918, he commanded 200,000 troops on what way called “Ludendorff’s black day”, a turning point in the war. Monash was probably Australia’s greatest military figure.
Unlike in other armies in the war, the Australian soldiers were all volunteers. They were also more individualistic and showed less respect for the rulebook than other soldiers. The relationship between ranks was more democratic and officers had to win the respect of their troops. All in all, they paid a high price for fighting in the war. Of the 324,000 soldiers who served overseas in the war, 215,000 were killed or wounded. This was the highest proportion of any of the countries in the war and was probably due to the Australians fighting qualities, which meant that they were often used on the frontline of the fighting.
At home, the war had a significant effect on the economy. Negative effects included the end of British investment, the closure of many shipping lanes and the stockpiling of Australia’s main export, wool. However, the isolation that resulted from the war meant that Australia had to make some things that had previously been imported. This led to the development of new industries. In addition, the BHP smelting company, which is now a major Australian company, saw a great increase in demand for iron and steel. The needs of the war were a stimulus for the beginning of full industrialization in Australia.
At the signing of the treaty of Versailles, which marked the end of the war, Australia signed as a separate country. This reflected the fact that, at the cost of 60,000 dead, Australia had finally emerged from the shadow of Britain. The Great War was, perhaps, the beginning of modern Australian history.
Complete the sentences below (1 – 7) with words taken from the passage.
Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your numbers in boxes 1 – 7 on your answer sheet.
1. According to the passage, Australia’s view of itself is directly related to its involvement in …………………………
2. Soon after the war had begun, Australia’s Prime Minister offered …………………………
3. Australia had an early involvement in the war and it is even possible that they were responsible for …………………………
4. When combating the Turkish defence, the British, French and Anzac forces ended up attacking stronger points than they had originally intended because of …………………………
5. The outcome of the bitter fight with the Turks was significant for Australia because it enabled them to take their place on …………………………
6. John Monash commanded the battle of Hamel so well that reports of the battle were published in order to be used …………………………
7. The Great War marked the beginning of modern Australia. They had emerged as a separate country and would no longer have to live under the …………………………
Classify the following statements as representing
Yes Opinions the writer would agree with
No Statements the writer would disagree with
Not Given Facts not reported in the passage
Write the appropriate letters in boxes 8 – 12 on your answer sheet.
8. Australia’s national debt increased greatly as a result of the Great War.
9. Australia made a great contribution to the successful outcome of the First World War.
10. The British forces suffered a greater number of casualties than the Anzac forces during the months of fighting with the Turkish.
11. Overall, the British had a higher proportion of soldiers killed or injured than Australia.
12. Australian soldiers were disrespectful to their superiors.
Click the button to Show/ Hide Answers.<|endoftext|>Eight bird species, including the Brazilian blue parrot featured in 2011 animated flick Rio, make up the first confirmed avian extinctions this decade. The Spix's macaw (the species of the Rio characters Blu and Jewel) hasn't been seen in the wild since 2000, as a 2016 sighting was later determined to be a captive bird that escaped, per the Guardian. It's to be added to a list of confirmed or highly likely avian extinctions along with seven others based on an assessment by BirdLife International; the complete list can be seen in this press release. "Extinctions are continuing and accelerating," but "we hope this study will inspire a redoubling of efforts to prevent other extinctions," says chief scientist Stuart Butchart, who points the finger at deforestation; five of the eight extinctions reported in Biological Conservation were in South America.
"Our evidence shows there is a growing wave of extinctions washing over the continent driven by habitat loss from unsustainable agriculture, drainage and logging," says Butchart. Four of the five South American extinctions happened in Brazil. The Alagoas foliage-gleaner, a small forest bird, vanished from a heavily logged section of the country in 2011, while the cryptic treehunter disappeared in 2007 after northeastern forests were cut down. Per the Guardian, there's no chance of recovering either species—half of the eight species listed should be considered extinct, the other half "possibly extinct," which researchers say means they have "almost certainly" vanished completely from the wild—though captive populations of Spix's macaw are being bred to enter the wild. Several other birds are at risk of extinction, per National Geographic and ABC Australia, though the Bahama Nuthatch, thought to have vanished after 2016's Hurricane Matthew, was recently sighted. (Read more extinction stories.)<|endoftext|>Tradotto con Google Translate.
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La casa si trova nel centro storico della città di Buenos Aires. nel famoso quartiere di San Telmo, famosa per la sua storia come un punto in cui è nata la città di Buenos Aires, a soli 600 metri da Puerto Madero, a 300 metri da Plaza Dorrego, la piazza più famosa della città, famosa per la sua antica fiera è eseguita ogni Domenica, e conta oggi più di 1500 metri di lunghezza, arte, cultura e tempo libero, con spettacoli di strada è visitato da più di 100.000 persone ogni Domenica. Per gli amanti del Tango Argentino milonga ha una strada libera. Si trova nella zona di maggior parte delle università di Buenos Aires è ben collegato con i mezzi pubblici per il resto della città, spendere 14 linee di autobus, una linea metropolitana. La casa è una casa costruita nel 1919 in stile Liberty, con tutti i suoi dettagli originali, come ad esempio un bitro si trova sul tetto del modo di ingresso per portare la luce in casa. La casa è divisa in due piani, composto da diverse sale, alcune doppie e alcune semplici, ha anche tre Banios (betroom) che sono comunemente utilizzati per tutti gli ospiti. Dispone di una terrazza di 140 metri quadrati con un giardino ben ciudado, dove si trova anche il GRILL (barvecue) dove è possibile degustare il famoso barbecue argentino mondo, dispone di un forno dove si può fare la pizza o il pane. Lavanderia dispone di uno spazio dove si può lavare e asciugare i vestiti. Ha anche una cucina in comune, dove la colazione può prepararsi, almuezo o la cena, oltre alla sala da pranzo, con televion per la ricreazione Dato che io sono un bailrìn, la casa dispone anche di una sala da ballo di 40 metri quadrati, che per gli ospiti è libero<|endoftext|>
笔下挥写爱国人生——专访著名书法艺术家澳门新东方游戏澳门新东方赌场澳门新东方平台管理干部澳门新东方注册客座教授张克思
文章转自东北新闻网
张克思,世界著名书法表演艺术家,社会活动家和慈善家。现任"世界华人书画艺术家协会主席"，"国际慈善基金会爱心大使"，中国书画院常务副会长。1963年出生,原籍沈阳,现居北京。以神州第一笔闻名于世,首倡广场书法艺术, 中国汉字他能熟练自如的反写、横写、倒写、逆写、背写,或左手写,或右手写,或左右开弓,把独特的书画有机的结合在一起,堪称"中华一绝",被联合国评选为最有影响力的书画艺术家。
他的书法作品被中央电视台、国内外新闻机构和权威媒体进行宣传报道,数次出访美国、日本、韩国、新加坡、保加利亚等国家进行文化交流，书法作品被几十位国家领导人及中外书画爱好者所收藏,在国际上有很高知名度。由于他书法表演的巨大感染力，被联合国评为"2008年最有影响力的书画艺术家"，美国加州破格授予他："当代杰出中国书法艺术大师"称号。2006年5月8日，张克思先生在沈阳世博园，就是用这支直径2.06米（代表2006年），长5.6米（代表56个民族），用二百匹马尾自制150斤重毛笔，蕉墨后重达二百于斤，在一块长58米，宽28米的白布上书写了中国最大的"龙"字，用墨近600斤，所用狮子头印章重达1000多斤，"龙"字的线条总长为143米，象征着全14、3亿的龙的传人。
2009年8月31日，在香港为台湾因台风受灾地区义卖，他现场书写三幅作品，拍卖46.8万元，全部捐给台湾灾区同胞。2009年10月25日，在人民大会堂现场书写象征祖国建国60周年的一副"寿"字，字高6米，宽3.99米（象征九九重阳节，祝福祖国繁荣昌盛，国泰民安）。
终于见到了张大师，心里莫名的激动，更让我心情激动的是，随行的同事悄悄的告诉我，张大师刚从新加坡回国，在新加坡受到了总统纳丹先生的热情接见，为促进新中文化交流做出贡献，使得第十七届"春城洋溢中华情"文化、艺术、旅游展圆满成功，被新加坡政府评为"古有神笔马良，今有神笔克思"当代中国书法艺术大师称号。虽然刚刚回国，接受众多的采访，但从张大师的脸上看不出一丝的疲倦，这是个精气神很足的男人，浑身上下都透露着书法大家的气息。就是这样一个男人，每到一处，都弘扬着华夏五千年的历史文化，都带着一颗虔诚的爱国之心。
代大背景下，只有创新，才得以发展。
张大师出生在艺术世家，从小就对书法艺术有着浓厚的兴趣，如今张大师在全国的表演中，每到一处，都会引起极大的反响。
许多人可能会说，不就是书法吗？
我可以很负责任的说，张大师的书法是独一无二的，是智慧与书法的结晶。张大师把书法与表演紧密的结合在一起，书写的"龙"字，"舞"字，栩栩如生，活灵活现。
随行的同事问张大师："是什么使得你把书法与表演紧密的结合在一起，呈现给观众的除了书法艺术之外，还是一种美的享受呢？"
张大师笑了笑回答："是创新，时代大背景下，只有创新，才得以发展"。他说，书法是一种传统的艺术，自己继承了传统的艺术，需要的不仅仅是对传统艺术的展现，作为一名书法家，自己的责任是创新，将传统的书法艺术发扬光大，在时代的大背景下，将书法艺术更加完美的展现给世人。
文化、经济、双发展，双结合动漫产业日益兴旺，中国目前正大力发展动漫产业，要将中国的动漫带到全世界。记者了解到，张大师在北京被邀请，将他的书法融合到动漫中，将制作一部大型的动漫片《功夫书法》，意在将汉字，书法、动漫以及中国风有机的结合在一起，以动漫的形式赋予形象生动的展现，并且准备创作各种语言的动漫版本将中国书法艺术传播到全世界。张大师有一个想法，说出来时候，我觉得这个想法特别的伟大，而且运作性十分的高。他想以艺术的形式，艺术家的身份，将所有的艺术家都带动起来，并把艺术与文化产业捆绑，结合，积极响应国家大力发展文化产业的倡导，使得文化、经济，双发展，双结合。不仅要把书融合到动漫中，将来有可能还要融合到电视剧，电影中，而且这些都正在紧密的策划。通过将书法融合到不同的体系中，来影响中国的青少年，让他们从小就接触中国书法艺术，将中国书法艺术文化更好的传承
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flowers of Camissonia open in daytime, rather than evening.59 Recently Camissonia was further split and California sun cup was moved to Camissoniopsis.
Alternate Scientific Names:
Camissonia bistorta, Oenothera bistorta, Oenothera heterophylla
The evening primrose family is large and exhibits diverse pollination strategies, Some, such as Hooker’s evening primrose(Oenothera elata) are pollinated at night. Others, such as beach primrose (Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia) are day bloomers.Some are largely cross-pollinated; others, including beach primrose, have both self-pollinated and cross-pollinated populations. The pollen of some species have viscin threads and collection requires specialized manipulation and restrict possible pollinators.41 The family has become something of a lab rat for studies on the relationship between speciation and pollination.163,164,328
California sun cup is a day-bloomer that is primarily cross-pollinated. A spatial separation of stigma and stamens is a common mechanism for restricting self-pollination.328 In California sun cup this is accomplished by the position of the stigma beyond the anthers. Unfortunately, California sun cup has not been specifically studied, so its most interesting adaptations remain to be discovered.
Recently, it has been shown that one species of evening primrose (Oenothera drummondii) can detect the high frequency vibration of a bee – it hears it!471,472 The open bowl shape of the typical evening primrose flower is similar to that of a radar receptor or satellite dish and may be the flower’s adaptation for “hearing.” The primrose responds by temporarily increasing the sweetness of its nectar, and it is postulated that this may attract more pollinators. We are watching the birth of an entirely new field of plant ecology: phytoacoustics.
As yet, we have found no reports of Native American use of California sun cups. We have found two references to the use of the foliage of related species (Camissonia spp.) for food; one report involved the Castanoan Indians of the Central California coast and one the Cahuilla Indians of the Coachella Valley.282
All living organisms are given a unique Latin name. Birds, in addition, have only one common name for each species – and a single species per common name. These are established by the American Ornithologists’ Union.41 However, plant common names are not controlled. Through the generations, a flower may acquire many common names and several flowers may end up with the same common name. If one searches for the name “sun cup” one finds at least 30 species carrying “sun cup” as part or all of their name7 – and one allergen-friendly chocolate candy.41<|endoftext|>Electrical Drafter Job Description
Electrical drafters prepare and draw technical drawings of wiring systems. They generally work on projects related to power transmission and generation, rather than on consumer-scale electrical projects. Electrical drafters tend to work closely with architects and engineers to develop specifications and translate them into functional documents that guide the installation and maintenance of electrical wiring. Many electrical drafters also develop specification sheets and documentation related to power transmission and wiring.
This role requires a thorough understanding of electrical transmission principles, along with the ability to analyze information and present it in a clear, accessible manner to guide electrical contracting work.
Electrical Drafter Duties and Responsibilities
The typical duties of an electrical drafter can vary somewhat, but their core duties tend to involve:
Design and Draw Wiring Diagrams
Electrical drafters develop wiring diagrams throughout the project lifecycle. These diagrams include a master drawing that shows structures and wiring systems, as well as detail drawings illustrating electrical connections, distances, and landscape elements that need to be considered during the planning stage. Electrical drafters may also prepare drawings that illustrate wiring connections and equipment.
Calculate Material and Transmission Needs
Electrical drafters work closely alongside engineers, architects, and technicians to determine project specifications and functional requirements. They examine proposed sites and projects to determine power needs and generate estimates for materials, such as wire or underground pipes. Electrical drafters tend to work with engineers throughout a project, as power needs can change as work continues.
Develop Technical Specification Guides
Once they have gathered functional requirements for a power transmission project, electrical drafters develop and prepare technical specification guidelines. They may assemble a series of documents to guide installation and maintenance of electrical lines. This requires a high level of attention to detail, as electrical drafters check technical documents to ensure a high level of accuracy.
Direct Electrical Installers
Electrical drafters also work closely with contractors and installers throughout the project lifecycle. Early in the process, they review documents and diagrams with installers, answering questions related to materials or power needs. Later, they inspect contractors’ work to ensure they are following diagrams and adhering to specifications.
Resolve Electrical Planning Issues
Finally, electrical drafters collaborate with technicians, engineers, and contractors to resolve electrical issues that arise during the project lifecycle. For example, a contractor may inform an engineer that he is unable to follow the current specifications due to unforeseen circumstances; the electrical drafter will revise the drawings and return them to the engineer for approval.
Electrical Drafter Skills and Qualifications
Electrical drafters are highly technical and very familiar with electrical generation and transmission principles and best practices. Drafters should have at least an associate’s degree, along with the following skills:
- Electrical design – electrical drafters need a strong sense of electrical design, especially regarding power transmission over long distances
- Drafting skills – because electrical drafters spend most of their time developing and designing schematics and drawings, they also need extensive training in both hand- and computer-aided drafting
- Collaborative skills – electrical drafters tend to work with teams of engineers, architects, and technicians, along with contractors and installers, frequently collaborating throughout the design and installation process
- Problem-solving skills – electrical drafters frequently revise drawings based on changing power needs or equipment that impedes transmission
- Communication skills – electrical drafters communicate with architects, engineers, and contractors throughout the planning and installation process
Tools of the Trade:
Electrical drafters tend to work in office settings, but they may also need to visit sites to provide guidance, take measurements, or inspect components. They should be able to use standard office software in addition to the following:
- Computer-aided drafting (CAD) software (AutoCAD, SketchUp)
Electrical Drafter Education and Training
Most electrical drafters have at least an associate’s degree in a related field. This is typically a two-year program that provides instruction on drawing and preparing schematics, as well as providing a background in math and science. Electrical drafters can expand their earnings and career potential with certification through the American Design Drafting Association (ADDA), which offers an online test covering the principles of drafting and design.
Electrical Drafter Salary and Outlook
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), electrical drafters earned an average annual salary of $59,970 as of May 2016. This is slightly higher than the median salary for all drafting professionals, which was $53,480.
Employment for electrical drafters is expected to grow at an average pace between 2016 and 2026, with the BLS estimating seven percent growth.
If you’d like more information about working as an electrical drafter, we found several resources on the web for further information:
American Design Drafting Association (ADDA) – The ADDA provides certification and professional development for drafting professionals across industries.
Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design – Read this book to learn about the principles and math behind electric power transmission and generation.
4 Proven Strategies to Become a Better Drafter – This article provides tips and advice for improving drafting techniques and honing technical skills.
Mechanical and Electrical Systems in Architecture, Engineering and Construction – This textbook details the mechanical and electrical systems of residential, commercial, and construction buildings.
Electrical Drafter Resume Help
Explore these related job titles from our database of hundreds of thousands of expert-approved resume samples:<|endoftext|>“Fate attenzione
e guardatevi
da ogni cupidigia!”
XVIII domenica tempo Ordinario anno C
Enzo Bianchi
In quel tempo uno della folla disse a Gesù: «Maestro, di' a mio fratello che divida con me l'eredità». Ma egli rispose: «O uomo, chi mi ha costituito giudice o mediatore sopra di voi?». E disse loro: «Fate attenzione e tenetevi lontani da ogni cupidigia perché, anche se uno è nell'abbondanza, la sua vita non dipende da ciò che egli possiede».
Poi disse loro una parabola: «La campagna di un uomo ricco aveva dato un raccolto abbondante. Egli ragionava tra sé: «Che farò, poiché non ho dove mettere i miei raccolti? Farò così - disse -: demolirò i miei magazzini e ne costruirò altri più grandi e vi raccoglierò tutto il grano e i miei beni. Poi dirò a me stesso: Anima mia, hai a disposizione molti beni, per molti anni; ripòsati, mangia, bevi e divèrtiti!». Ma Dio gli disse: «Stolto, questa notte stessa ti sarà richiesta la tua vita. E quello che hai preparato, di chi sarà?». Così è di chi accumula tesori per sé e non si arricchisce presso Dio».
Lc 12,13-21
Gesù era considerato dalla gente un rabbi, un maestro autorevole nell’interpretare le sante Scritture, tra le quali la Torah, la Legge. Molte volte venne dunque interrogato da vari ascoltatori riguardo a temi in discussione nel giudaismo del tempo, ma anche su questioni quotidiane.
Il vangelo secondo Luca testimonia che durante il suo viaggio verso Gerusalemme gli venne posta, tra le altre, una domanda molto concreta riguardo alla spartizione dell’eredità, affinché egli dirimesse la contesa tra due fratelli. La Legge stabiliva che alla morte di un soggetto proprietario di beni immobili, cioè terra e casa, l’eredità spettava al figlio maschio primogenito, così che il patrimonio non fosse diviso, spezzettato (cf. Dt 21,17). Tuttavia agli altri figli era riservata una parte dei beni mobili. Nel nostro caso, per l’appunto, sembrerebbe che sia il figlio minore a chiedere a Gesù di intervenire perché sia onorato il suo diritto, probabilmente non riconosciuto dal fratello maggiore. Era sempre possibile, anzi era la norma ideale che i fratelli condividessero l’eredità, mostrando in tal modo di riconoscere la fraternità come un bene (cf. Sal 133,1); ma non sempre ciò avveniva…
Di fronte a questa richiesta, formulata più come un comando che come una domanda, Gesù non solo si rifiuta di esaudirla, ma in tono spazientito ribatte: “O uomo (ánthrope), chi mi ha costituito giudice o mediatore sopra di voi?”. Parole che possono anche sorprenderci e sono di non facile interpretazione. Perché Gesù risponde in questo modo? Per dire con chiarezza che a lui non interessano questioni economiche? Per manifestare che la sua missione è spirituale? Per lasciare ai due fratelli la responsabilità di decidere e risolvere il conflitto? Io credo che Gesù risponda in modo spazientito perché ha letto in quella pretesa non una sete di giustizia ma una brama di possesso. Lui che aveva detto di dare anche la tunica a chi ci toglie il mantello (cf. Lc 6,29), che raccomanderà di condividere i beni con i poveri (cf. Lc 12,33; 18,22), come potrebbe essere uno che regola questioni di eredità?
La brama, la cupidigia, quando sono presenti nel cuore umano, finiscono per alimentare i conflitti, per accecare gli occhi, che non riescono più a vedere né i fratelli né il prossimo. Ecco perché Gesù prosegue con un’ammonizione: “Fate attenzione (horâte) e guardatevi (phylássesthe) da ogni cupidigia (pleonexía) perché, anche se uno è nell’abbondanza, la sua vita non dipende da ciò che egli possiede”. È un avvertimento alla vigilanza continuamente rinnovata affinché la seduzione del possesso e dei beni, veri idoli, non impedisca al credente non solo il vero e autentico riconoscimento di Dio, ma anche una vita pienamente umana, che resta per ciascuno sempre un compito. Noi umani siamo preda di una facile illusione: credere che la pienezza della vita ci venga da ciò che possediamo, dal denaro, dalla proprietà, e non da ciò che siamo. Come scriveva quarant’anni fa Erich Fromm, con parole tuttora attualissime: “Si direbbe che l’essenza vera dell’essere sia l’avere; che, se uno non ha nulla, non è nulla”.
Per imprimere meglio la sua ammonizione nel cuore e nella mente di chi lo sta ascoltando, Gesù racconta una parabola. C’è un grande proprietario terriero la cui campagna prospera in modo straordinario. Il frutto è abbondantissimo, tanto che egli si trova impreparato: dove ammassare tutto il raccolto? Comincia allora a pensare a come poter sfruttare quell’abbondanza e decide di demolire i vecchi magazzini, troppo piccoli, e di costruirne altri più grandi, per conservare in essi il grano e gli altri beni. Ma a quel punto si considera anche soddisfatto, autosufficiente, sicuro di sé, fino a poter dire a se stesso: “Ora che disponi di molti beni, per molti anni, riposati, mangia, bevi e divertiti!”. È un programma di vita nel quale il suo io diventa l’unico soggetto: “Io farò, io demolirò, io costruirò, io raccoglierò, io dirò a me stesso!”. E tutto il resto – raccolti, magazzini, e beni – sono accompagnati dall’aggettivo possessivo “miei”.
Questo, in verità, è un programma che non ci è estraneo, ma che forse è sopito nel profondo del nostro cuore, pronto a diventare desiderio e progetto non appena sembra che i nostri beni aumentino e possano darci sicurezza. In questa situazione non si riesce nemmeno a intravedere la possibilità della condivisione, a leggere che l’abbondanza dei raccolti, o delle ricchezze da noi accumulate, è un’occasione per distribuire quei beni inattesi ai poveri e a chi non ha questa fortuna. Quest’uomo, presente anche in noi, sa vedere solo i propri beni, in una solitudine della quale non è consapevole, accecato dalle proprie ricchezze, inebetito…
Ma ecco arrivare per lui una sorpresa, che fa apparire l’intero suo programma come grande stoltezza e stupidità: giunge improvvisa la fine della sua vita, ed egli non potrà portare con sé nulla di ciò che ha accumulato! Solo allora, troppo tardi, questo ricco si accorge che la ricchezza non dà la felicità, non assicura la vita autentica, ma solo addormenta, acceca, impedisce di vedere la realtà umana. Qui occorre ricordare la lezione del salmo 48, con il suo tagliente ma realissimo ritornello: “L’uomo nel benessere non capisce e non dura, ma è come gli animali avviati verso il mattatoio!” (cf. Sal 49,13.21). Lo stesso salmo afferma che anche se l’uomo si arricchisce e accresce il lusso della sua casa, quando muore non porta nulla con sé (cf. Sal 49,17-18): il suo unico pastore e padrone è la morte (cf. Sal 49,15)… Sì, ragionare e comportarsi in questo modo si dimostra folle, insensato, perché manifesta un’illusione mortifera: quella che la ricchezza e la proprietà di molti beni salvino, diano senso e significato alla vita. Spesso non lo ammettiamo, ma in realtà lo pensiamo, e facciamo di questo criterio l’ispirazione di molte nostre scelte…
L’ora della morte sarà anche quella dell’incontro con il giudice, Dio, il quale renderà manifesto ciò che ciascuno di noi ha pensato, detto e fatto nei giorni della sua vita terrena. Allora sarà evidente la verità di ciò che si è vissuto qui e ora: ovvero, dell’aver tenuto conto o meno della volontà di Dio che tutti gli esseri umani siano fratelli e sorelle e partecipino con giustizia alla tavola dei beni della terra, in quella condivisione capace di combattere la povertà. Ma chi ha accumulato per sé con un folle egoismo, chi non si è “arricchito presso Dio”, cioè condividendo i suoi beni, sarà nella solitudine eterna. La vita umana non finisce qui, anche se spesso lo dimentichiamo…
Licenza in
Scienze dell'educazione
spec. CATECHETICA
UPS
Licenza in
PASTORALE GIOVANILE
UPS
Programmazione 2017
I CAMMINI
Una proposta-esperienza per giovani "in via"
Paolo Giulietti
NELLA RIVISTA
1. Il pellegrinaggio e i giovani: sette ingredienti per cambiare
(articolo introduttivo)
Paolo Giulietti
2. Ai confini della terra per trovare se stessi
(Il Cammino di Santiago: dai Pirenei a Santiago de Compostella – Finisterrae)
Breve descrizione del percorso – don Paolo Asolan (docente teol. Past. Laterano)
Considerazioni pastorali – don Paolo Asolan (docente teol. Past. Laterano)
Testimonianza -
3. Riscoprire la fede della Chiesa nell’Italia dei santi
(La Via Francigena dalle Alpi a Roma)
Breve descrizione del percorso – Monica D’Atti
Considerazioni pastorali – Mons. Andrea Migliavacca (vescovo di San Miniato)
Testimonianza -
4. Sulle orme del Poverello in semplicità e armonia
(La Via di Francesco: da La Verna o Greccio ad Assisi)
Breve descrizione del percorso – Gianluigi Bettin (coautore guida Ed. Terre di Mezzo)
Considerazioni pastorali – Padre Mauro Gambetti (custode del Sacro Convento)
Testimonianza -
5. Alla “Casa del sì” per ascoltare la chiamata di Dio
(La Via Lauretana da Siena a Loreto)
Breve descrizione del percorso
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of the drawing is fascinating and effective if not difficult,” King admits. “What I love is the idea that it represents the best of what makes us human–that constant seeking of what’s next on the horizon, and the hope and sense of wonder that makes us who we are. This abstract symbolism embodies that for me somehow.”
The plaque also led to an even better-known piece of alien information design: the Voyager golden records, launched in 1977. After the Pioneer plaques launched into outer space, they suffered some backlash–in the ’70s, the human figure drawings were regarded as interstellar pornography–but the next five years provided Sagan, Drake, and their team enough time to think more thoroughly about how and what they wanted to communicate. The phonograph records launched with Voyager 1 held both images and sounds, as well as an onboard phonograph, ready for any intelligent life the spacecraft encounters.
They still included the pulsar map and the hydrogen molecule drawing, however, proof that the Pioneer plaque lives on–with both the Voyager 1 and the Pioneers. Those designs are now billions of miles away, but King’s replicas are bringing them back to Earth.<|endoftext|>به گزارش حادثه ایلام;سید زاهین چشمه خاور مدیرکل راهداری و حمل و نقل جاده ای استان ایلام اظهار کرد: از ابتدای سال جاری تا کنون بیش از یک میلیون و ۲۸۵ هزار تن کالا از پایانه مرزی شهید حاج ” قاسم سلیمانی” ترانزیت (مرزامرزی) شده که ۴۲ هزار و ۵۳۰ تن به صورت تخلیه در مرز و ۱۰ هزار و ۶۰۹ تن به صورت ترانزیت صادراتی (حمل یکسره) خارج شده است.
وی به افزایش پنج درصدی ترانشیپمنت کالا (انتقال محموله از یک وسیلۀ حمل و نقل به وسیلهای دیگر) از پایانه مرزی شهید قاسم سلیمانی اشاره کرد و افزود: طی مدت یاد شده بیش از یک میلیون و ۲۱۸ هزار تن کالا توسط ۴۷ هزار دستگاه کامیون از این پایانه ترانشپمنت شده است.
مدیرکل راهداری و حمل و نقل جادهای استان ایلام با اشاره به میزان تردد مسافر از مرز بین المللی مهران، یادآور شد: از ابتدای سال جاری تا پایان آبانماه ۶ میلیون و ۲۱۹ هزار و ۸۷۷ نفر از مرز بین المللی مهران تردد کرده اند.
چشمه خاور بیان کرد: در مجموع تردد مسافر از مرز بینالمللی مهران در بازه زمانی ابتدای سال تا پایان آبان ماه ۳۵ درصد افزایش نسبت به مدت مشابه سال گذشته داشته است.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: هم اکنون تردد از مرز بین المللی مهران به سهولت در حال انجام است.
شهر مرزی مهران در استان ایلام با حدود ۲۳۰ کیلومتر فاصله با بغداد نزدیکترین شهر مرزی کشورمان به پایتخت عراق و عتبات عالیات این کشور است که امروز به کانون فعالیتهای صادراتی و تردد زوار با کشور همسایه تبدیل شده است.
روزانه به طور متوسط ۶۰۰ کامیون حامل کالای صادراتی و بازرگانی از مرز بینالمللی مهران پس از تشریفات گمرکی به کشور عراق صادر میشود.
شهرستان مرزی مهران در ۸۵ کیلومتری جنوب غربی ایلام قرار دارد.
انتهای پیام/سعد حمیدی کیا<|endoftext|>高压离心通风机怎么安装效果会更好？
高压离心风机
是较常见的设备，在安装过程中如何达到良好的效果，下面介绍：
1.除尘风扇的整体装置应直接安装在地基上，并用一对对角线水平。
2.对于现场安装的离心风机，应适当保护底座上的切割面免受腐蚀或操作。 将基座放置在基础上时，应使用一对对角垫铁进行校平。
3.轴承座和底座应紧密连接，纵向不水平度应不超过0.2 / 1000，用主轴上的水平仪测量，水平不水平底部应不超过0.3 / 1000，使用 水平仪以在中间测量时将轴承座表面分开。
4.在研究和刮擦轴承衬套之前，应先校正转子轴线和外壳轴线，并注意叶轮与进气口之间的间隙以及主轴与后挡板轴孔之间的间隙。 应调整外壳以使其符合设备技术。 文件要求。
5.组装主轴和轴承衬套时，应根据设备技术文件进行检查。 轴承盖和轴承垫之间的干扰应保持在0.03到0.04 mm之间（测量轴承垫的外径和轴承箱的内径）。
为了使设备更有效地工作，除其质量外，其安装方法还具有某些决定性因素。<|endoftext|>行星搅拌机的搅拌原理及力度解析
行星搅拌机是一种带有叶片的轴在圆筒或槽中旋转，将多种原料进行搅拌混合，使之成为一种混合物或适宜稠度的机器。有强制式搅拌机、单卧轴搅拌机、双卧轴搅拌机等等。
搅拌机是由多个参数决议的，用任何一个单一参数来描绘一台搅拌机是不可能的。轴功率(P)、桨叶排液量(Q)、压头(H)、桨叶直径(D)及搅拌转速(N)是描绘一台搅拌机的五个基本参数。桨叶的排液量与桨叶自身的流量准数，桨叶转速的一次方及桨叶直径的三次方成正比。而搅拌耗费的轴功率则与流体比重，桨叶自身的功率准数，转速的三次方及桨叶直径的五次方成正比。在必定功率及桨叶方式情况下，桨叶排液量(Q)以及压头(H)能够经过改动桨叶的直径(D)和转速(N)的匹配来调节，即大直径桨叶配以低转速(保证轴功率不变)的搅拌机发生较高的活动效果和较低的压头，而小直径桨叶配以高转速则发生较高的压头和较低的活动效果。在搅拌槽中，要使微团彼此碰撞，仅有的方法是供给足够的剪切速率。
从行星搅拌机原理看，正是由于流体速度差的存在，才使流体各层之间彼此混合，因而，凡搅拌过程总是涉及到流体剪切速率。剪切应力是一种力，是搅拌使用中气泡分散和液滴破碎等的真正原因。有必要指出的是，整个搅拌槽中流体各点剪切速率的巨细并不是共同的。经过对剪切速率散布的研讨标明，在一个搅拌槽中至少存在四种剪切速率数值，它们是：实验研讨标明，就桨叶区而言，无论何种浆型，当桨叶直径必定时，剪切速率和平均剪切速率都随转速的提高而添加。
但当转速必定时，剪切速率和平均剪切速率与桨叶直径的联系与浆型有关。当转速必定时，径向型桨叶剪切速率随桨叶直径的添加而添加，而平均剪切速率与桨叶直径巨细无关。这些有关桨叶区剪切速率的概念，在搅拌机缩小及放大设计中需要特别当心。因小槽与大槽相比，小槽搅拌机往往具有高转速(N)、小桨叶直径(D)及低叶尖速度(ND)等特性，而大槽搅拌机往往具有低转速(N)大桨叶直径(D)及高叶尖速度(ND)等特性。
上一条: 砂磨机日产量受哪些因素影响
下一条: 如何处理砂磨机漏油的问题<|endoftext|>Questo ci permetterà di trovare altre persone che ci accomunano per qualche particolarità, possa essa essere la provenienza, un hobby, o una passione descritta nel profilo. Per essere sicuri che qualsiasi contenuto multimediale coinvolga i visitatori, i professionisti del Web hanno bisogno di utilizzare immagini e video che siano ottimizzati per questo scopo, la cosa più importante in questo caso è il peso dei file che dovrà essere ridotto ai minimi termini senza perdita della qualità.<|endoftext|>راز عصبانیت فرهاد مجیدی چه بود؟
پشت پرده یک پیام مشکوک
حواشی شکست استقلال در اهواز همچنان ادامه دارد. سعید رمضانی، سرپرست تیم فوتبال استقلال پس از دیدار با فولاد خوزستان اعلام کرد که شب قبل از بازی پیامک های مشکوکی برای فرهاد مجیدی درخصوص قضاوت سیدمهدی سیدعلی ارسال شده که همین مساله باعث به وجود آمدن ذهنیت برای سرمربی استقلال شده است. حالا خبرگزاری تسنیم ادعا کرده پیامی که به فرهاد مجیدی رسیده، «صوت» بوده و شخص ارسال کننده فرد نزدیک به سرمربی استقلال است. در این پیام، فرد مذکور ادعا می کند که داور به دلیل ارتباط خوبی که با سرمربی فولاد خوزستان دارد، فردا (روز بازی) کار را برای تیم حریف درمی آورد. این فرد همچنین مدعی شده که سیدعلی، نصف بازی های نساجی مازندران در زمان مربیگری نکونام را قضاوت کرده است. (این درحالی است که سیدعلی تنها یک بازی را در زمان سرمربیگری نکونام در نساجی سوت زده است.) در ادامه این فرد می گوید که داور، دقیقه 20 مجیدی را اخراج می کند یا یک پنالتی برای حریف می گیرد تا کار برای حریف آسان شود.
در جریان بازی، تصمیمات سیدعلی چند بار باعث عصبانیت مجیدی و بازیکنان شد و سرمربی آبی پوشان به داور چهارم و یکی از کمک هایش می گوید چرا داوری ضعیف است. کمک داور به سرمربی استقلال می گوید مراقب حرف زدنش باشد و اگر این کار را نکند، موضوع را به داور وسط اعلام می کند. وقتی علی کریمی دقیقه 44 بازی اخراج شد، مجیدی از جملات تندی علیه سیدعلی استفاده می کند تا کوپال ناظمی داور چهارم، سیدعلی را فرابخواند. زمانی که سیدعلی درحال رفتن به سمت کنار زمین بود تا به سرمربی استقلال تذکر بدهد، مجیدی وارد زمین شد تا با کارت قرمز روبه رو شود. همین مساله کافی بود تا سرمربی جوان استقلال عصبانی شود و بگوید: «من مجیدی هستم و کم نمی آورم و مقابل شما می ایستم.» سرمربی آبی پوشان همچنین به یک ویلا اشاره و صحبت های دیگری نیز مطرح کرد که باعث تعجب همه شده بود.همچنین زمانی که عارف غلامی در نیمه دوم اخراج شد، مجیدی به کنایه به داور وسط اعلام کرد که سومین بازیکن را هم از استقلال اخراج کند. مجیدی جمعه شب در پستی اینستاگرامی بدون اینکه نامی از فردی ببرد کنایه هایی زد که خیلی ها مخاطب او را نکونام خواندند. سرمربی فولاد هم ساعتی بعد در یک برنامه تلویزیونی به نوعی جواب او را داد. حالا ظاهرا پیام های ارسالی برای مجیدی همراه با گزارش داور بازی در اختیار کمیته انضباطی قرار گرفته است تا مورد بررسی قرار بگیرد.<|endoftext|>安顺前列腺自己会好吗
来源：安顺割包皮多少钱 版权所有请勿转载 点击免费咨询精神专家
成年男人会遇到一个问题，这就是前列腺疾病，这种疾病和别的疾病有点区别，就是该病受到冷空气刺激会发作，受到辣椒等刺激发作，受到长期久坐会发作，患者备受折磨，对于这种事情我们应该怎么办?很多人想问前列腺自己会好吗?今天我们就这个问题做个简单的介绍。
前列腺自己会好吗?
这个问题不能够直接回答，因为前列腺疾病的病因影响了患者是否能够自己好，不同病情自愈程度不一样，所以就分为了下面的情况
一、部分患者不经过药物和手术治疗也可自愈
慢性前列腺炎是自限性疾病。自限性疾病，从字面上可以理解为自我限制的疾病。前列腺炎有时即使不经药物和手术治疗，通过调养也能自愈。例如有些患者戒除了熬夜酗酒等不良生活习惯，过一阵子就意外发现前列腺炎不药而愈了。
二、如果前列腺炎的症状发展为中医属“劳淋,精浊,白浊”，那么不会自愈的。
前列腺炎在中医属“劳淋,精浊,白浊”等范畴。一般来说,前列腺炎是不会自愈的。因此一旦患有前列腺炎,建议要及时到医院用药治疗,另外日常生活中也要注意个人保健护理。
不会自愈的前列腺炎疾病我们应该怎么办?
注射疗法治疗前列腺炎的症状
注射疗法是以一种很常见的治疗前列腺炎的方法。由于抗生素全身用药在前列腺中不易达到有效浓度而影响疗效，所以便出现了将抗生素直接注入前列腺的治疗方法。
注意：这种方法是有缺点的，不能随便用，这是因为由于前列腺表面有一层质地坚韧的包膜，特别是病根处已形成堵塞或钙化灶，血液循环很差。无法穿透脂膜及屏障，病根无法消除，病根内的病原体会反复发作导致久治不愈。
吃清热利湿的药物
湿热下注型前列腺炎：主要是因为外感风寒，体内湿火毒所造成的由于外阴不洁包皮过长这个时候就会藏污纳垢，产生不洁的性生活，这种时候就会造成精液的浑浊，前列腺炎患者经常会表现为尿道的梗阻，会阴部会明显的出现胀痛尿道口会滴白，那么这种情况下，我们主要是选择具有清热利湿的药物来进行治疗。
围绕“前列腺自己会好吗”就介绍完毕了，希望对读者有帮助，今天就这方面的知识就介绍到这里了，希望对读者有帮助，小编才疏学浅，一定有没介绍到位的地方，这里建议没弄明白的地方一定要去专业的医院咨询，推荐的治疗医院为安顺男科医院市现代男科医院，这家医院会解答明白这个问题。
(来源:安顺割包皮多少钱_网络)<|endoftext|>西班牙这个古堡完全保留了中世纪的痕迹，空间体验很美妙。
以前听周杰伦唱《威廉古堡》，总会幻想歌词里古堡主人威廉二世和那个胖女巫、管家猪、和凯萨琳公主身处的那座古堡到底是什么样子？那神秘的带着英式复古风格的童话古堡总是令人充满想象。
那住在超越千年的古堡遗迹中是一种怎样的体验呢？这样的机会称得上世间罕有，但拿出一个案例来填补我们的想象空间总是可以的。
Peratallada 城堡是位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚 BaixEmpordà 的一座文物建筑，其建造历史可以追溯至公元 10 世纪。
如今，它已是一座私家度假别墅，接手其设计改造任务的是来自巴塞罗那的 MESURA 建筑事务所。
拿到这样一个独具历史美学价值的项目，对于 MESURA 团队来说亦有特别的意义，“在那里我们发现了一个独特的精致的后花园，这里的每一块石头都清晰地保留着中世纪的痕迹，街道纹理也是中世纪的模样。”
MESURA 的任务是为 Peratallada 城堡设计花园和景观。整个空间地形较为复杂，街道面与别墅入口有两米的落差。
城堡中的石墙将花园围在城堡中央，另有一棵超过百年的刺槐树。因其是古堡的制高点，设计团队便以此为切入点，用其高耸的树干在垂直方向上支配了整个空间。
三个土耳其白石材质的平台选用木质纹理装饰的混凝土墙面进行分割。铺地用的石材是 7cm*15 cm 的石板，这些石板皆是用当地采石场的废料制作而成。
考虑到地形复杂的缘故，石板的切割也给设计团队带来不少问题，比如落水口喝边角处使用的石板，需要让水根据重力流出，所以必须得运用数控机床技术进行切割定型成特殊的形状。而诸如电力和管道工程早在设计时就已被整合进建筑中，比如把插座和灯源安装在石凳上。
尽管设计团队最大限度地保留了其中世纪古朴的模样，但功能性总要跟上现代的节奏。设计师加入的活水装置创造出细微而不会停止的水
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tila et al., 2010; Hurtig et al. 2009; Kuusikko et al., 2008): Anxiety symptoms were most prevalent in our ASD sample of children and adolescents. 3) We found that children and adolescents with ASD have deficits in emotion recognition, compared to TD children and children with specific language impairment. Children and adolescents with ASD tend to interpret ambiguous facial expressions negatively more often than their community controls (Loukusa et al., 2014; Kuusikko et al., 2009). Also, it seems that emotion recognition skills improve with age in an ASD, however, the levels of emotion recognition of TD adolescents may not be achieved. 4) Social anxiety symptoms are more common in mothers of children with ASD than in control mothers, whereas they are more equal between the fathers of children with ASD and control fathers (Kuusikko-Gauffin, 2013). Mothers of children with ASDs are potentially more vulnerable for self-reported social anxiety symptoms than are fathers of ASD children.<|endoftext|>به گزارش خبرنگار شبکه اطلاع رسانی راه دانا؛ در سال 98 سینمای ایران تقریبا فیلمی برای کودکان و نوجوانان نداشته است یا حداقل می توان گفت که یک خانواده کامل نمی توانستند و نمی توانند برنامه ریزی کنند که یک روز با هم به سینما بروند و این گونه به یک تفریح سالم بپردازند.
این اتفاق به دنبال اعمال رده بندی سنی فیلم ها در سینما رخ داده است، به گونه ای که اکثر قریب به اتفاق فیلم هایی که روی پرده رفتند، با درجه بندی سنی برای مخاطبان به نمایش گذاشته شدند و طیف های مختلف مخاطبان سینما را از همدیگر جدا کردند و همچنین باعث شده است که سینمای خانوادگی دیگر یا وجود نداشته باشد و یا خیلی کمرنگ شود؛ برای این که بدانیم علت این سیاست جدید سینما چیست با یک منتقد سینما گفتگو کردیم که در ادامه می خوانید.
امیرحسین جوانشیر منتقد سینما در خصوص اعمال رده بندی سنی فیلم ها در گفتگو با خبرنگار شبکه اطلاع رسانی راه دانا؛ گفت: رده بندی سنی فیلم ها در ظاهر یک اقدام خیرخواهانه و اصلاحی است، این ظاهر طرحی است که در وزارت ارشاد مطرح شده است؛ اما این طرح باطنی دارد که اهداف اصلی و هدف نهایی پشت این طرح، در اصل ادامه همان جنگ نرم دشمن و استحاله فرهنگی است.
وی افزود: هیچ تغییری در هیچ کشوری به وجود نمی آید مگر آن که زمینه آن تغییر را فراهم سازند و زمینه فرهنگی آن قبل از هرچیزی باید به وجود بیاید؛ در آثار فرهنگی و هنری این اتفاق را پیش می آورند.
این منتقد جوان اظهار کرد: در مورد رده بندی سنی فیلم ها هم همین قضیه وجود دارد، می خواهند آثاری را به نمایش در بیاورند که تا قبل از این قوانین دست و پای مجریان را می بست و نمی توانستند این ها را به نمایش بگذارند؛ می خواهند به این بهانه فضایی را به وجود بیاورند که در فیلم ها حرفا هایی را که تا به حال زده نمی شد، بزنند وکه این فرآیند، فرآیند خوبی نیست.
جوانشیر در ادامه عنوان کرد: تا جایی که خبر دارم قوه قضاییه هم به این قصه ورود کرده و از طریق دیوان عدالت اداری جلوی این طرح گرفته شده است که جای تشکر هم دارد و همه باید از دستگاه قضایی حمایت کنیم، چون اقدامی به موقع و بسیار هوشمندانه کرده است و کاملا هم درست است؛ وزارت ارشاد، دولت و سازمان سینمایی کار را به جایی رسانده اند که دستگاه قضا مجبور شد به این قصه ورود کند.
وی اذعان کرد: رده بندی سنی فیلم ها در کل یک مقوله ای است که از آمریکا و هالیوود شروع شده است؛ خیلی از فیلم های آمریکایی را اگر ببنید متوجه می شوید که رده بندی سنی دارند. در کشور اسلامی فیلم ها اصلا نباید مشکلی داشته باشند که نیازی به رده بندی داشته باشد، رده بندی سنی نشانه این است که آن محصول فرهنگی مشکلاتی دارد که یک گروه سنی نباید ببینند.
امیرحسین جوانشیر در پایان گفت: اگر هم قرار باشد رده بندی سنی برای فیلم ها اعمال شود باید کسانی این کار را انجام دهند که صلاحیت تشخیص این کار را داشته باشند، در آن شورایی که برای رده بندی سنی فیلم ها تشکیل می شود باید نمایندگانی از مراجع تقلید هم حضور داشته باشند یا این که یک مجتهد در این شورا باشد؛ آقایانی که در وزارت ارشاد هستند در این سطح نیستند که رده بندی سنی فیلم ها را انجام دهند، این ها تنها سلیقه شخصی خودشان را اعمال می کنند، اغلب اعضای شورای فیلم و پروانه و بالاخص مدیران وزارت ارشاد در پایین ترین سطوح سواد و دانش هستند، این ها که نمی توانند برای یک کشور تصمیم گیری کنند کمااینکه تصمیم هایی که تا به حال گرفته اند هم درست نبوده اند، به فیلم هایی که مجوز اکران می گیرند نگاه کنید متوجه می شوید که این افراد صلاحیت تشخیص و نظر ندارند.
انتهای پیام/<|endoftext|>Yenidüzen Gazetesi'nde yer alan habere göre Taşucu'ndan Girne Turizm Limanı'na gelen iki gemi seferindeki 169 yolcunun, götürüldükleri karantina otelleri dolu olduğu gerekçesiyle otobüslerle yeniden Liman'a döndürüldüğü yazıldı.
Bu sabah saat 9'da Liman'a gelen 2 gemi seferinin yolcuları, Liman'daki bekleyişin ardından az önce başka bir karantina oteline gitmek için yola çıkarıldı.
Yolcular, Liman önündeki bekleyişin ardından yeni belirlenen karantina oteline götürülürken, yaşananlar organizasyonsuzluğu da eleştirdi.
KAYNAK : YENİDÜZEN<|endoftext|>Güney ve Kuzey Kore sınırındaki askerden arındırılmış bölge olan Panmunjom köyünde, bir kez daha tarafların diyalog görüşmelerine ev sahipliği yapmaya hazırlanıyor.
Seul yönetimi, son olarak ilk kıtalararası balistik füzesini Temmuz ayı başında deneyen Pyongyang'a askeri konuları 21 Temmuz'da tartışmayı teklif etti.
Güney Kore Savunma Bakan Yardımcısı Seo Joo-seok, "Savunma Bakanlığı Kuzey Kore ile 21 Temmuz'da Panmunjom'un kuzey yakasında askeri konularla ilgili görüşme yapmayı arzu ediyor. Amacımız son dönemde artan gerilimi düşürmek ve düşmanca eylemlerin son bulması'' dedi.
Pyongyang, 4 Temmuz'da Hwasong-14 kıtalararası balistik füze (ICBM) için yaptığı ilk başarılı testi gerçekleştirdiğinde tüm dünyanın dikkatini çekmişti.<|endoftext|>Metals are used to construct things for which other materials like plastic or wood are not strong enough. Even in popular culture, metal is regarded as a material of infinite and limitless durability, as evidenced by common colloquial phrases like "tough as nails" or "iron-clad guarantee." But metal, like every other material, has a lifespan. Certain factors can contribute to metal fatigue, a phenomenon that can greatly diminish the strength of metal materials.
Metal fatigue is a term for structural damage suffered by metal materials when they are repeatedly subjected to stress. Manufacturers often use a technique known as cyclical loading to test the strength of metals; the process involves placing a load onto the metal, removing it and placing the same load back onto the metal repeatedly. Even though the load stays the same and even though the load is within the limits of the metal, metal fatigue is the name for the structural damage that results from repeated cyclical loading.
When a load is placed on a piece of metal, the metal expands slightly until the load is released. The expansion and contraction of the metal as loads are added and removed causes microscopic cracks to appear in the surface of the metal. As the metal is subject to more and more cyclical loading, the cracks get larger and larger, and eventually reach a critical size at which they tear the fabric of the metal. Under these conditions, the metal can completely disintegrate, again even though the load is well within the mass threshold of the metal.
De Havilland Comet Airliner
One of the most famous instances of metal fatigue occurred in 1952. The de Havilland Comet Airliner was the first commercial airliner to use jet engine technology. Barely a year into its service as a commercial airliner, many of the jets suffered accidents that later were understood to be the result of metal fatigue. Designers failed to take metal fatigue into account and the repeated stress of the jet's cabin depressurizing and repressurizing caused metal fatigue so severe that gashes would rip through the side of the plane in mid-flight.
Scientists use a figure known as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) to aid in their determination of the amount of metal fatigue a material can endure. Steel, for instance, has a UTS value of around 160,000 pounds per square inch (psi), depending on the slickness of the metal surface. The "endurance limit" -- the amount of metal fatigue steel can withstand without breaking down, is around 45 to 50 percent of UTS, or around 80,000 psi. Keep in mind that these values are highly speculative and depend on numerous factors, including the slickness of the surface of the steel and the type of steel.
Which Allergies Cause Fatigue?
If the immune system doesn't respond correctly to a foreign substance an allergy may occur. There are many different kinds of allergies...
How to Measure Tensile Strength
Tensile strength determines the breaking point of various items that are commonly used. It is measured differently for various materials such as...
How to Calculate the Fatigue Strength of Steel
Fatigue strength refers to the amount of strength of a material under cyclic loading. Fatigue is a phenomenon known to occur when...<|endoftext|>Austria held a parliamentary election on Sunday, September 29, 2013. An overview of the proportional representation systems used since 1945 to choose members of the lower chamber of the Austrian Parliament - the Nationalrat or National Council - is presented here.
In addition, federal- and state-level results are available here for the following National Council elections:
The Parliament of the Republic of Austria is composed of a lower house, the Nationalrat or National Council, whose members are directly elected by universal adult suffrage, and an upper house, the Bundesrat or Federal Council, whose members are appointed by the legislatures of the Länder or states of Austria. The National Council has greater legislative power than the Federal Council, which generally speaking has only limited veto powers over legislation passed by the former.
The National Council is composed of 183 members elected for a four-year term of office. Since 1920, elections to the National Council have been carried out by proportional representation, although the seat allocation procedures were modified in 1970 and in 1992.
Before 1971, the National Council had 165 seats, filled in twenty-five multi-member constituencies. Seats were allocated in each of these constituencies by the Hagenbach-Bischoff method, in which an electoral quota was calculated by dividing the total number of valid votes by the number of seats to be allocated plus one. The number of votes polled by each party was then divided by the electoral quota, and the result, disregarding fractions, was the number of mandates allocated to the party. The constituencies were then grouped into four electoral constituency unions (Wahlkreisverband), to distribute any remaining unallocated seats after the application of the Hagenbach-Bischoff rule. Remainder votes - the remainders of the division of party votes by the electoral quota - were pooled at the constituency union level along with unfilled seats, which were then allocated in each Wahlkreisverband by the largest average method, also known as the d'Hondt rule. However, the overall distribution of National Council seats was only roughly proportional to the parties' voting strength: larger parties were usually over-represented at the expense of smaller groups, and more than once the party that came in second place managed to win the largest number of seats.
In 1970, the National Council was expanded to its present size of 183 seats, and the twenty-five electoral constituencies were reduced to nine, corresponding to each one of the states of Austria; likewise, the electoral constituency unions were reduced from four to just two. For the distribution of constituency seats, the Hagenbach-Bischoff rule was replaced by the Hare method, in which the electoral quota is calculated by dividing the total number of valid votes by the number of seats to be filled; unallocated seats continued to be apportioned by the d'Hondt rule. Seat distributions in National Council elections became more proportionate, but this benefit came at the expense of large electoral constituencies: the average constituency size increased from just under seven seats to more than twenty.
The two-tier National Council electoral system was replaced in 1992 with a three-stage procedure that reintroduced smaller-sized constituencies - to foster closer links among voters and their elected representatives - without sacrificing proportionality in the distribution of seats. Under this system, which has remained in place to this day, the Länder continue to function as state constituencies, but these are in turn divided in forty-three regional constituencies. Parties submit regional, state and federal lists of candidates; electors vote for a party and may cast preferential votes for one regional list candidate and one state list candidate. A statewide electoral quota, calculated by the Hare method, is used to allocate seats at both the regional constituency and state levels; seats won by a party at the regional constituency level - direct mandates - are subtracted from its corresponding statewide seat total, and the remaining mandates come from the party's state lists. Finally, all 183 National Council seats are distributed at the federal level by the d'Hondt rule; seats won by a party at the state level are then deducted from its corresponding nationwide seat total, and the remaining mandates are allocated from the party's federal lists. Nonetheless, a party must receive at least four percent of the vote or win at least one direct mandate in order to secure representation in the National Council.
Since the end of World War II, when the victorious Allies re-established Austria as an independent polity after seven years of annexation (Anschluss) by Nazi Germany, the center-right Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and the left-of-center Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ; from 1945 to 1991 the Socialist Party of Austria) have been the country's two major political forces. From 1945 to 1966, the ÖVP and the SPÖ ruled together in a grand coalition government.
Until 1947 the ruling coalition also included the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ). However, the KPÖ never achieved a large electoral following: by 1949, the Union of Independents (VdU) had emerged as the largest opposition group. Both the VdU and its 1956 successor, the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) attracted former Nazis as well as liberals. After the State Treaty of 1955 made Austria fully sovereign (as well as neutral), and Soviet troops withdrew from the eastern part of the country, the KPÖ's fortunes declined: in 1959 it lost the few seats it held in the National Council, and in subsequent elections it gradually lost most of its remaining support. Meanwhile, the FPÖ remained the only opposition party with parliamentary representation.
Following more than two decades of grand coalition governments, the ÖVP won an absolute majority in the 1966 National Council election and formed Austria's first postwar, single-party government. However, in the 1970 election the SPÖ won the largest number of seats in the National Council and formed a minority government supported by the FPÖ. In an early election held in 1971, the Socialists gained an absolute majority in the National Council, which they held until 1983. The SPÖ, which had ruled alone since 1971, then formed a coalition government with the FPÖ, which at the time had come under the control of its liberal wing. This arrangement lasted until 1986, when the FPÖ chose Jörg Haider, an extreme-right wing nationalist, as party leader.
Since 1986 there have been a number of notable developments in Austrian politics, the most prominent of which has been the meteoric rise and fall (and subsequent resurgence) of the Freedom Party. Under the leadership of Jörg Haider, a controversial figure who once praised the employment policies of Nazi Germany, and running on an anti-immigration platform, the FPÖ increased its share of the vote in four out of five National Council elections held from 1986 to 1999, shooting up from 5.0% in 1983 to 26.9% in 1999, when it outpolled the ÖVP by the narrowest of margins and became the second-largest party in terms of votes (but not of seats: both parties tied for second place, with 52 mandates each). The success of the FPÖ was also fueled by voter discontent with the two major parties: from 1986 to 1999, the SPÖ and the ÖVP held power together once again in a succession of grand coalition governments.
The FPÖ's lurch to the right eventually led the liberal wing to break off the party and establish the Liberal Forum (LIF) in 1993. Initially, the new party enjoyed a measure of success, securing parliamentary representation in the 1994 and 1995 National Council elections. However, in 1999 the party came up just short of the four percent threshold, losing all of its seats in the process; in 2002 it fell even further behind.
Another major development in contemporary Austrian politics has been the emergence of the environmentalist-oriented Austrian Greens. In 1983, two Green parties, the United Greens of Austria (VGÖ) and the Alternative List of Austria (ALÖ), contested the election, but neither won seats in the National Council, as they ran separately and cancelled each other out. In 1986, both groups set aside their differences and ran under a joint ticket, the Green Alternative, which secured parliamentary representation. Although divisions resurfaced later on, the Greens have continued to win seats in successive National Council elections. In recent years, the party's share of the vote has almost doubled, increasing from 5.5% in 1995 to 9.5% in 2002.
After the 1999 National Council elections, the Social Democrats and the People's Party were expected to reach a new coalition agreement, but negotiations between the two parties broke down in early 2000. Then, in a surprising turn of events, the ÖVP and the rightist Freedom Party formed a coalition government, headed by People's Party leader Wolfgang Schüssel. Not surprisingly, the inclusion in government of the FPÖ - by now widely perceived as an extremist party - resulted in a storm of controversy both in Austria and beyond her borders: the other fourteen members of the European Union at the time went as far as imposing diplomatic sanctions, which were dropped later that year. As it turned out, the ÖVP emerged as the dominant coalition partner, firmly in control of the governmental agenda, while the FPÖ proved to be inexperienced, and accomplished very little.
Following a period
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kete geçerek Hacı Abdülhalim Önderliğinde 1917de Majalengka şehrinde modernist fikirleri savunan, fakat aynı zamanda da pe-santren adı verilen dinî okullarda yetişen muhafazakâr din âlimlerinin görüşlerine saygı duyan Persjarikatan Ulama adında bir dinî teşekkül kurdular. Bu bölgede kurulan diğer dinî bir teşekkül de 1920'lerden sonra özellikle Bandung şehrinde faaliyet gösteren Persatuan İslam adlı teşekküldür. Ancak bu alandaki en önemli kuruluş, Orta Cava'nın Cokyakarta şehrinde 18 Kasım 1912 tarihinde Kiai Hacı Ahmed Dahlan tarafından kurulan ve günümüze kadar yaşayan Muhammediyye (Muhammadiyah) olmuştur. Muhammediyye'nin, Cava Müs-lümanlığı'nı Hindu tesiri altındaki yerli örf ve âdetlerden kurtarmak, İslâm akî-desini modern bilgi ve düşünceler ışığında yeniden düzenlemek, İslâm eğitiminde ıslahat yapmak. İslâmiyet'i dış tesirler ve hücumlara karşı korumak ve misyonerlerin faaliyetlerini çürütecek şekilde İslâmî programlar hazırlamak gibi temel hedefleri vardı. Muhammediyye 1938'de 8S3 şubeye ve çeyrek milyon üyeye ulaştı. 800'ün üzerinde cami ve mescid, 1700'den fazla ilk ve ortaokul seviyesinde okul. klinik ve yetim yuvaları açarak Cava'da İslâm modernizminin temsilcisi oldu.
Cava'da modernizmin gösterdiği gelişme, bir reaksiyon olmak üzere muhafazakâr görüş ve faaliyetlere de bir canlılık ve hız kazandırdı. Muhafazakâr cemaat menfaatlerini korumak için Doğu Cava'nın Surabaya şehrinde 31 Ocak 1926da Jombanglı bir pesantren lideri olan Kiai Hacı Hasjim Asjari önderliğinde toplanarak Nahdatul Ulama adlı bir teşekkül kurdular. Bu teşekkülün her bölgedeki reisliğini halk üzerinde esaslı bir tesir icra eden mahallî din hocaları üstlendi. Cemiyet mensupları, moder-nistlerin aksine mutlaka dört mezhepten birine bağlanmayı ve dinle ilgili hususlarda bu mezhebin görüşleri istikametinde hareket etmeyi gerekli görmüşler ve bunu temel hedefleri olarak kabul etmişlerdir.
Çeşitli mahallî teşekküller içerisinde şekillenen Cava'daki İslâmiyet Hollanda sömürge idaresinin sonuna doğru (1942) birleşmiş bir kuvvet olarak ortaya çıktı. Eylül 193Tde Surabaya'da Nahdatul Ulama ve Muhammediyye liderleri müslümanların birliğini ve aralarındaki fikrî anlaşmazlıkları tartışarak gidermeyi hedefleyen Madjlis İslam A'laa Indonesia adında bir federasyon kurdular. Persatuan islam ve Jamiyyat at-Islah waMr-sjad da dahil olmak üzere Cava'daki diğer müslüman teşekküller federasyona katıldılar. Fakat bu federasyon. 1943 yılında Cava'yı ve diğer Endonezya adalarını 11. Dünya Savaşı süresince işgal eden Japonlar tarafından feshedildi. Bütün bu teşekküllerin dinî, içtimaî sahada ve eğitim alanında yaptıkları hizmetlerin yanında Cava müslümanları arasında millî şuurun gelişmesine ve Endonezya'nın bağımsızlık mücadelesine önemli katkıları olmuştur.5
Bibliyografya:
T. S. Raffles. The History of Ja.ua, London 1830, II, 3; Kamusu I-âlâm, III, 1763-1765; T. W. Arnold, İntişârı islâm Tarihi6, İstanbul 1343, s. 394-397. 404-406; C. A. 0. van Nieuwenhuijze. Aspects of İslam in Post-Colonial Indonesia, The Hague 1958, s. 42; C. Geertz. The Religion of Java, London 1960, s. 11, 40-41; a.mlf.. islam Obserued, New Haven 1968, s. 65; R. R. Jay. Religion and Po-litics in Rural Central Jaua, Mew Haven 1963, s. 11; a.mlf,. "Religious and Political Conflict in Java", Religion and Change in Contempo-ranj Asia7, Bombay 1971, s. 145; Deliar Noer, The Modernist Müslim Mo-uement in Indonesia, 1900-1942, Singapore 1973, s, 56-161; M. C. Ricklefs, Jogjakarta ün-der Sultan Mangkubumi 1749-1792: A History of the Diuision of Jaua, London 1974, s. 7-20; Sartono Kartodirdjo, "Religious Movements of Java in the 19th and 20th Centuries", Pro files of Malay Culture, Jakarta 1976, s. 85-104; G. W. J. Drewes. An Early Jauanese Code of Müslim Ethics, The Hague 1978; Harry J. Ben-da, The Crescent and the Rısing Sun: Indone-sian İslam under the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945, The Hague 1983, s. 9-99; a.mlf.. "Christian Snouck Hurgronje and the Foun-dations of Dııtch Islamic Policy in Indonesia", The Journal of Modern History, sy. 30, Chicago 1958, s. 338-347; D. G. H. Hail. A History of South-East Asla, London 1987, s. 56-104, 497-513, 585; L. E. VVilliams, SoutheastAsia: A History, Mew York 1987, s. 43, 46; "Cava Müslümanları Ahvâlinden", SR, VI/131 (1326), s. 9-10; VI/132, s, 25-26; VI/133, s. 39-41; VI/ 134, s. 57-59; Raden Abdul Kadir VVidjoatmodjo. "İslam in the Netherlands Indies", The Far Eastern Ûuarterly, VIII (1949), s. 55-56; J. Vre-denbregt. "The Haddj", Anthropoiogica, 111/ 118 (1962), s. 97; Ahmat Adam, "islam and Ja-vanese Society: Some Religjous Considera-tions in Pre-20th Century Java", Jebat, sy. 7-8, Bangi 1979, s. 43-51; E. Ruhi Fığlalı, "Endonezya'da Çağdaş İslam Düşüncesi", DÜİFD, II (19851, s. 9-23; A. W. Nieuwenhuis, "Cava", İA, 111, 27-34; S. Maqbııl Ahmad. "Djâba", El2 lİng), II, 352; P. Wheatley v.dğr., "Indonesia", a.e, İli, 1213-1235.<|endoftext|>Godetevi i bei tempi: Lasciate che il Ringraziamento abbia inizio!
Gobble Up the Good Times: Let the Thanksgiving Festivities Begin!
Il giorno di ringraziamento = Thanksgiving Day!
La parola “Ringraziamento” significa “esprimere gratitudine” o “dare grazie” in italiano. È il termine utilizzato per indicare la celebrazione del Thanksgiving, una festa tradizionale americana durante la quale le persone si riuniscono per condividere un pasto e riflettere sulla gratitudine per le benedizioni ricevute.
The word “Ringraziamento” means “expressing gratitude” or “giving thanks” in Italian. It is the term used to refer to the celebration of Thanksgiving, a traditional American holiday during which people gather to share a meal and reflect on gratitude for the blessings they have received.
Il “Giorno del Ringraziamento,” ha le sue origini nei primi anni del XVII secolo, quando un gruppo di coloni inglesi noti come i “Pellegrini” (Pilgrims) sbarcò a Plymouth, nel Massachusetts, nel 1620. Questi coloni affrontarono numerose sfide, tra cui il freddo inverno e la scarsità di cibo. Tuttavia, grazie all’aiuto dei nativi americani della tribù Wampanoag, impararono a coltivare e a cacciare, migliorando la loro sopravvivenza.
Thanksgiving originates in the early 17th century when a group of English settlers known as the “Pilgrims” landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. These colonists faced numerous challenges, including harsh winter weather and food shortages. However, with the help of Native Americans from the Wampanoag tribe, they learned to cultivate and hunt, improving their survival.
Nel 1621, i Pellegrini e i Wampanoag celebrarono una festa di ringraziamento per il raccolto abbondante e la collaborazione pacifica durata un anno. Questo evento è considerato uno dei primi Thanksgiving e rappresenta il simbolo della gratitudine e della condivisione.
In 1621, the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag celebrated a Thanksgiving feast for the bountiful harvest and the peaceful cooperation that had lasted for a year. This event is considered one of the first Thanksgivings and symbolizes gratitude and sharing.
Questa settimana gli americani si preparano per festeggiare il loro tradizionale Thanksgiving quest’anno con grande entusiasmo e allegria. Le case sono decorate con zucche arancioni, piume di tacchino e cornucopie piene di frutta.
This week, Americans are preparing to celebrate their traditional Thanksgiving enthusiastically and joyfully. Homes are decorated with orange pumpkins, turkey feathers, and cornucopias filled with fruit.
Le famiglie si riuniscono da ogni angolo del paese per condividere un pasto abbondante, con tacchino al forno, purea di patate, salsa di mirtilli rossi e torta di zucca come protagonisti.
Families gather from all corners of the country to share a hearty meal, with roasted turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie as the highlights.
Durante la giornata, le partite di football in TV e le parate con enormi palloni a forma di personaggi famosi sono una tradizione intramontabile. Non c’è niente di più americano che dare grazie per ciò che si ha, circondati da amici e parenti, e finire la serata con un tocco di dolcezza e gratitudine.
Throughout the day, televised football games and parades with giant balloons shaped like famous characters are a timeless tradition. There’s nothing more American than giving thanks for what you have, surrounded by friends and family, and ending the evening with a touch of sweetness and gratitude.
Quest’anno mi sento grata per tante belle cose.
This year, I’m feeling grateful for many wonderful things.
Sto festeggiando con tutta la sua famiglia, ben venti persone in tutto, e sto preparando una grande cena festiva con ben due tacchini! Sono particolarmente grata e sollevata perché, dopo diversi giorni di interruzioni di connessione a Internet dovute al trasferimento del mio sito su un nuovo server, il sito web della Studentessa Matta è finalmente di nuovo online.
I am celebrating with my entire family, a total of twenty people, and I’m preparing a big holiday dinner with two turkeys! I am incredibly grateful and relieved because, after several days of internet interruptions due to transferring my site to a new server, the Studentessa Matta website is finally back online.
Sono grata per la mia famiglia, tutti i miei studenti, i lettori del suo blog e gli amici e i miei colleghi in Italia.
I am grateful for all my family, all my students, readers of the blog, and my friends and colleagues in Italy.<|endoftext|>50 math word problems to use in any middle school classroom,not just math classrooms! This resource is a great way to encourage students to practice solving basic word problems - often discouraging to most students! Included are 50 problem cards and a weekly worksheet for students to use when solving problems.
© 2012 Lindsay Perro. All rights reserved. Purchase of this unit entitles the purchaser only the right to reproduce the pages in limited quantities for classroom use only.
Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system or commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. High volume or district/school wide licenses available.<|endoftext|>Il Postino: The Postman
Postacı
|The Postman-Il Postino|
''Gülümsemen kelebek gibi yayılıyor.''
Il Postino / The Postman (Postacı), İngiliz yönetmen Michael Radford'un yönettiği, Antonio Skarmeta'nın Ardienta Paciencia (Ateşli Sabır) adlı tiyatro eserinden Michael Radford, Anna Pavignano, Giacomo Scarpelli, Furio Scarpelli ve filmin oyuncularından Massimo Troisi tarafından birlikte uyarlanıp yazılan, kadrosunda Pablo Neruda rolüyle Philippe Noiret, Mario Ruoppolo rolüyle Massimo Troisi, Beatrice Russo rolüyle Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Matilde rolüyle Anna Bonaiuto, Di Cosimo rolüyle Mariano Rigillo, Donna Rosa rolüyle Linda Moretti ve Telegrapher (Telgrafçı) rolüyle Renato Scarpa'nın yer aldığı 1994 İtalya-Fransa-Belçika ortak yapımı biyografi, komedi, dramatik dönem filmidir.
Bir gece sinema çıkışında, 'Bisikletli postacılık için geçici iş teklifi' yazısını gören Mario Ruoppolo, postaneye başvurur. Cala di Sotto'ya mektup ve telgraf götürecektir. Orada sadece bir alıcı vardır. Ve bu posta sadece Bay Pablo Neruda'ya gidecektir.
Siyasi fikirlerinden ötürü İtalya'da bir adada sürgünde olan dünyaca ünlü Şilili komunist şair Pablo Neruda'ya bisikletiyle mektuplarını taşıyan basit bir postacının yavaş yavaş şiiri sevmeye başlaması ve şairle aralarında gelişen sıcak dostluk anlatılmaktadır.
|Il Postino-The Postman Mario Ruoppolo|
Mario'nun patronu onu işe aldığında ''Şair, büyük ve cömert bir insandır. Ona saygı borçluyuz.'' diyor ve şairi tuhaf sorularıyla sıkboğaz etmemesi gerektiğini tembihliyor. İlk günlerde Mario ve patronu arasında, Pablo Neruda'nın; Kadınların sevdiği bir şair mi? Halkın sevdiği bir şair mi? olduğu konusunda ufak tefek atışmalar yaşanıyor.
Bir süre sonra Mario'yu kitabını imzalatma isteğiyle dolup taşarken görüyoruz. Kendi kendine ayna karşısında provalar yapıyor; acaba kitabını nasıl Bay Pablo'ya imzalatacağını düşünüyor. Sonunda tüm cesaretini toplayıp ''Özel bir şeyler yazar mısınız, üstat? diyerek çıkıyor karşısına.
|Il Postino-The Postman Massimo Troisi|
Mario 'mecaz' ne demek bilmediğinden, Pablo Neruda'nın şiirlerinde kullandığı mecazlar kafasını karıştırıyor. Ve bunun için de yine Neruda'dan yardım istiyor. Son okuduğu kitapta Neruda'nın ''Bir insan olmaktan yoruldum.'' sözünü çok beğendiğini çünkü bazen kendisine de olduğunu ama nasıl söyleyeceğini bilemediğini de ekliyor.
|Il Postino-The Postman Massimo Troisi-Philippe Noiret|
''Bak, Mario... kullandığım sözcüklerden daha farklı olarak nasıl açıklayacağımı bilmiyorum. Şiiri açıkladığında sıradanlaşıyor. Her açıklamadan daha iyisi; şiirin ortaya çıkardığı duyguların, onu kavramaya müsait bir ruh tarafından bizzat tecrübe edilmesi.''
Pablo Neruda ( Phileppe Noiret )
Ve bir gün, Mario bambaşka bir sebeple Pablo Neruda'nın kapısını çalar:
Mario Ruoppolo: Sizinle konuşmalıyım, Bay Pablo.
Pablo Neruda ( Phileppe Noiret )
|Il Postino-The Postman Massimo Troisi-Philippe Noiret|
''Mario, kendi istekleriyle bir şeyleri değiştirebilen insanlar var.''
Pablo Neruda ( Philippe Noiret )
|Il Postino-The Postman Massimo Troisi-Philippe Noiret|
''En derin düşünce bile çok dinlendiğinde aptalca gelir.''
Pablo Neruda ( Phileppe Noiret )
Pablo Neruda genç adama sosyalist fikirlerini aşılar ve kendini geliştirmesine yardımcı olduğu Mario'nun gözünde giderek ilahlaşır.
|Il Postino-The Postman Massimo Troisi-Philippe Noiret|
|Il Postino-The Postman Massimo Troisi|
|Il Postino-The Postman Mario Ruoppolo-Pablo Neruda|
Pablo Neruda: Çok önemli olmalı. At gibi burnundan soluyorsun.
Mario Ruoppolo: Çok önemli, Bay Pablo. Aşık oldum.
Pablo Neruda: Güzel. Ciddi. bir şey değil. Çaresi var.
Mario Ruoppolo: Hayır, çaresi yok, Bay Pablo. Çare istemiyorum, hasta kalmak istiyorum. Aşığım, aşığım, aşığım.
Pablo Neruda: Evet, ama kime aşıksın?
Mario Ruoppolo: Adı Beatrice.
Pablo Neruda: Dante.
Mario Ruoppolo: Bay Pablo?
Pablo Neruda: Dante Alighieri. O da bir Beatrice'e aşık olmuştu. Beatrice'ler sonsuz aşkı uyandırırlar, Mario.
Beatrice'i on dakika boyunca sessiz bir şekilde sadece izleyen Mario ona sadece dört kelime söyleyebildiğini Neruda'ya söylerken elleriyle beş işareti yapması ve bu kelimeler çok iyiydi :)
Mario Ruoppolo: ''Adın ne?'' dedim.
Pablo Neruda: O ne dedi?
Mario Ruoppolo: O ''Beatrice Russo
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EDUC 656 Bullying in Schools
"This course is a must for new teachers as well as those who are already in the teaching profession as a refresher to see the latest ideas and programs to help combat bullying. It’s helpful to reflect on how bullying is a problem not only at school but in the workplace.”
~ Jesse Hess @ Racine, Wisconsin<|endoftext|>People of the East
By: Edeara,Jaden,Isaiah,and Ayden
This word cloud explains the main idea of the poster.
The eastern Indians hunted deer, bears, and rabbits
They also farmed . they planted farms between the tree stumps.Corn, beans ,and squash
A longhouse was a large house made with wood poles and bark. Families lived in them and lit fires for cooking and warmth.
A confederation is a type of government in which separate groups of people join together, but local leaders still make most decisions for their group.
A wampum is a belt made of pieces of carefully shaped and cut seashell. American Indians strung the shells like beads.
Barter , they trade goods without using money .<|endoftext|>Dresden’s main railway terminus is one of the largest and most impressive late-nineteenth-century railway stations in Europe. Built in 1898, the railway played a significant role in the city’s industrial and economic growth, linking Dresden with Berlin and Prague. In 1945, however, when much of the old city was destroyed in Allied bombing raids, the station building was severely damaged, but it was still one of the few major buildings that survived. After the war, insensitive reconstruction was compounded by poor maintenance and inappropriate repair work, the building finally reaching a state in the late 1990s where a comprehensive programme of remedial conservation was required in order to restore the station to its former grandeur.
The starting point was to strip away the miscellaneous additions and alterations that had been made to the building over the previous sixty years in order to restore the integrity and clarity of the original design. This included pulling back the termination point of the central tracks to create an open space at the heart of the building, which can be used as a market place or for cultural events. In the process, public circulation within and through the station has been transformed. By far the largest new element is the 29,000-square-metre covering to the three vaulted roofs above the platforms. Originally, these roofs were partially glazed, but after the war the entire surface was boarded over. The station’s elaborate wrought iron structure has been restored and covered in a taut skin of Teflon-coated, glass-fibre fabric. The roof fabric transmits 13 per cent of daylight, which significantly reduces the need for artificial lighting. After dark, artificial light is reflected off the underside of the canopy to echo the effects of daylight washing the concourse. If required, this canopy can be extended to provide cover for international high-speed trains (ICE), which are twice the length of the old station platforms.
Externally, the most striking new element is the 34-metre high square glass dome, inspired in the original one, which sits above the main circulation crossing. The approach followed here – and throughout the building – is similar to that explored at the Reichstag. The surviving structure and original surfaces have been exposed wherever possible, but there has been no attempt to recreate old forms or replace lost ornament: new and old are clearly articulated.
Deutsche Bahn AG Station & Service
Foster + Partners
Buro Happold (estructura structural engineering); Schmitt Stumpf Frühauf und Partner, BAL GmbH (aparejador quantity surveyor); Schmidt Reuter Partner (instalaciones M+E engineering); Claude Engle, Speirs, Zibell Willner & Partner, Kaiser Baucontrol, adb, Homola
Nigel Young / Foster + Partners; Reinhard Görner; Hufton + Crow / View<|endoftext|>Timothy Armes ha annunciato il rilascio del plugin PLUS per Lightroom: a plug-in per l'inclusione dei diritti d'uso PLUS dentro le foto esportate da Lightroom 2.
Lo standard PLUS sta diventando riconosciuto a livello mondiale per specificare i diritti d'uso per i lavori digitali (si veda al sito http://www.useplus.com).
Alcuni dei noti editori americani che supportano questo standard sono McGraw Hill e Pearson.
La versione di prova del plugin PLUS plugin è disponibile a questo link: http://photographers-toolbox.com/products/plusforlightroom.php.<|endoftext|>As a follow-up to their studies of Sumerian life and achievements in Mesopotamia around 2000 B.C., fifth grade students, working with Lisa Cone and Lily Angus, traveled back in time 4,000 years to attend Scribe School.
These young scribes learned cuneiform, an early form of writing, on clay tablets using a stylus. They practiced the symbols for wheat, star, sun, mountain, and bird. They also practiced recording information about how much grain was traded with a nearby city-state. Finally, they used symbols to represent their names.
Photos by Lisa Cone and Lily Angus<|endoftext|>فروشگاه پروژه
فروشگاه تراپروژه به منظور صرفه جویی در زمان و هزینه شما راه اندازی شده است. در این صفحه برخی از پروژه های نرم افزاری و تحقیقات علمی رشته های مختلف که توسط کارشناسان تراپروژه انجام شده اند، برای فروش قرار داده شده است.
در صورتی که پروژه مورد نظر شما در بین پروژه های انجام شده وجود ندارد، به بخش پروژه و یا ترجمه تخصصی مراجعه نموده و پروژه مورد نظر خود را سفارش دهید.<|endoftext|>It’s no secret that I love coffee. I drink at least one cup of coffee most days. Each year, coffee drinkers around the world unite to celebrate their love of coffee on National Coffee Day on September 29th. But is coffee a dangerous drink, or a healthy beverage?
Depending on who you ask, coffee is either a benign substance or the thing most likely to kill you. However, it turns out, that these coffee naysayers may be incorrect. Studies show that coffee has many beneficial effects in the body, and drinking it regularly can help prevent many health problems from developing as you age.
Of course, as with anything, moderation is best. I am also not a health professional, so don’t take my word for it over your doctor’s!
Here is what science has to say about the health benefits of coffee:
Some Coffee May Help Prevent Cavities
A July 2014 study conducted by Rio de Janeiro’s Federal University and published in the journal of Applied Microbiology found that some coffee is able to prevent the spread of bacteria in the mouth that leads to the development of dental cavities. The researchers found that robusta coffee (grown in Brazil and Vietnam) was able to break through plaque build-up on teeth with the chemical polyphenols. The researchers found that best results were achieved when the coffee was consumed black without any sweeteners.
However, Arabica beans contain fewer polyphenols than robusta coffee and higher acid content, which could have the opposite effect on teeth. Robusta coffee is often used in the cheaper varieties of grocery store coffee, and has a earthier, bitter flavor. So, if you’ve been avoiding the higher priced coffees, you may actually be doing your mouth (and wallet) a favor.
Tip: Make your own Coffee Facial Scrub.
Coffee Contains Numerous Nutrients
Coffee contains a variety of nutrients that are sometimes difficult to get through other sources. The main nutrients in coffee include: vitamin B3, vitamin B2, magnesium, manganese, and phosphorous. 8 ounces of coffee contains up to 11 percent of the recommended daily intake of these nutrients. Drinking 4 cups of coffee will deliver up to 44 percent of the recommended intake.
Tip: Make your own Coffee Scented Lotion
Coffee Can Reduce the Risk of Developing Several Diseases
Numerous studies have shown a link between the intake of coffee and a person’s disease risk. Studies have been done on Parkinson’s disease, strokes, heart disease Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, depression, and type 2 diabetes. In all studies, coffee provided up to a 65 percent reduction in risk. Studies on life expectancy showed that individuals who drank coffee had up to a 26 percent reduction in risk of death from any cause.
Coffee is Full of Antioxidants
Coffee contains a massive amount of antioxidants- more than many fruits and vegetables. In studies, it was found that coffee usually provides more antioxidants to Americans than fruits and vegetables combined. The study participants probably did not eat as many fruits and vegetables as they ought to, but coffee can provide an antioxidant boost even if you eat numerous vegetables and fruits.
How Much Coffee is Ideal?
When researchers study the effects of coffee, they measure the effects based on 8-ounce cups, which contain about 100 mg of caffeine. Eight ounces is about half of a regular mug of coffee. According to researchers, individuals who drank more than 600 mg of caffeine daily (about 3 average mugs of coffee) started to have side effects. However, when individuals drank 4 8-ounce cups of coffee, they experienced the biggest benefits to health. This is equal to about 2 mugs of coffee daily.
Want to roast your own coffee beans at home? Learn how in The Art and Craft of Coffee: An Enthusiast’s Guide to Selecting, Roasting, and Brewing Exquisite Coffee.
Coffee: A Health Elixir
I love to refer to coffee as a health beverage, because it shocks many people. If you are not a coffee drinker, and are particularly sensitive to caffeine, adding more coffee to your diet may not be a good idea. And it is true that caffeine is addicting- if I don’t drink at least 200 mg or so of caffeine a day I get headaches- so if you want to avoid the addiction, by all means stay away from the beverage! But if you are a regular coffee drinker, you no longer have to feel guilty about it. Perfect news for National Coffee Day!
Do you drink coffee? Why or why not?
MomPrepares loves to join link-ups and meet other bloggers. Here is the list of our favorite link-ups so you can participate too!<|endoftext|>Washington Üniversitesi Sağlık Metrikleri ve Değerlendirme Enstitüsü’nün modeli şimdi 137.000’den fazla Amerikalı’nın Ağustos ayı başlarında öleceğini tahmin ediyor , önceki 134.000 ölüm
tahmininden
Bu artış büyük ölçüde daha fazla hareket eden Amerikalılar nedeniyle, IHME Direktörü Dr. Christopher Murray bir haber bülteninde
, bazı yerlerde hareketin artma eğiliminin başladığını söyledi eyalet çapında önlemler gevşemeden önce. Araştırmacılar bu hareketi anonim cep telefonu verileriyle, yayına göre izlediler.
“Hızlandırılmış test görmedikçe, temas izleme , pozitif ve yaygın olarak maskelerin kullanımını test eden insanları izole etmek, yeni enfeksiyonların önemli bir olasılığını ortaya koymaktadır, “dedi Murray, yayında.
Bu artan hareket, Cumartesi günü yayınlanan Dr. Ethan Weiss tarafından çekilen her koltuğa sahip bir Birleşik uçuş gösteren fotoğrafta görülebilir.
TSA ajanları TSA’ya göre, Pazar günü TSA ajanları bir yıl öncesine göre toplamın% 8’i olan 200.815 yolcuyu taradı
Bu, 26 Nisan Pazar günü 128.875 yolcudan.
Devletler
Nisan ayı sonunda – Güney Carolina ve Gürcistan’daki valiler en agresif planlardan bazılarına öncülük etti – ve bu haftaya kadar , neredeyse her eyalet rahatlatıcı kısıtlamalar başlattı.
Federal hükümet tarafından ortaya konan yönergeleri karşılamamasına rağmen, devletler veriler ve tıp uzmanlarının tavsiyesi ile yönlendirildiğini söyledikleri aşamalı yeniden açılışlar gerçekleştirdiler. Ancak diğer halk sağlığı yetkilileri, önlemlerin erken rahatlamasıyla kaybedilebilecek binlerce hayat hakkında korkunç uyarılar verdi.
Ve halk da yırtılmış durumda: Pew Araştırma Merkezi anketi Amerikalıların yaklaşık üçte ikisini gösterdi
devletlerin de açılmasından endişe ettiklerini söyledi erken. Ancak ülke genelinde binlerce insan, son haftalarda işe geri dönme haklarını protesto etti.
Johns Hopkins Üniversitesi’ne göre şimdiye kadar 1.329.700’den fazla Amerikalı enfekte oldu ve en az 79.528 öldü.
Virüse bağlanabilecek garip hastalık
New York’ta, sağlık yetkilileri artık virüse bağlı olabileceğine inandıkları çocuklarda ortaya çıkan gizemli bir hastalığa bakıyorlar .
Doktorların “pediatrik çoklu sistem enflamatuar sendromu” olarak adlandırdığı durum, düzinelerce New York çocuğunu hastaneye yatırdı. New York Hükümeti Andrew Cuomo’ya göre virüs için pozitif test edildi veya antikorları vardı.
Pazar günü vali, devletin yetkililer çoğunlukla çocuklar ve ilkokul çağındaki çocuklar olmak üzere 85 vakayı soruşturuyorlardı.
Çocukların çoğunda ateş ve toksik benzeri semptomlar vardı kalbe kan sağlayanlar da dahil olmak üzere kan damarlarının duvarlarında iltihaplanmaya neden olan şok sendromu ve Kawasaki hastalığı. Nadir durumlarda, kan akışında ölümcül sınırlamalara yol açabilir.
Benzer vakalar, Birleşik Krallık da dahil olmak üzere uluslararası alanda bildirilmiştir. , İspanya ve İtalya.
Koronavirüs önceden mevcut koşulları olan yaşlıları en ciddi şekilde etkilese de, çocukların vakaları hiçbir yaş grubunun bağışıklık olmadığını ve yükseldiğini göstermektedir. sonbaharda okulları güvenli bir şekilde yeniden nasıl açacağınıza dair yeni sorular.
Koronavirüs kontrol noktaları üzerinde bir savaş
Güney Dakota’da, bir Kızılderili topluluğu, virüsü izlemek ve yayılmasını durdurmak için eyalet ve ABD otoyolları boyunca kontrol noktaları kurdu.
Güney Dakota Hükümeti Kristi Noem Cuma günü Oglala Sioux ve Cheyenne River Sioux kabilelerinin liderlerine kontrol noktalarının alınmasını talep eden mektuplar gönderdi aşağı.
Pazar günkü bir güncellemede, Noem ofisi “kontrol noktaları aşağı inmezse, devlet konuyu federasyona götürürse uyarıda bulundu “
Ancak Cheyenne Nehri Sioux Kabilesi onları yıkmayı reddediyor ve kabile başkanı Harold Frazier CNN’ye söyledi topluluk, yüksek derecede enfekte bölgelerden gelen insanların aşiret topraklarında dolaşmasını sağlamak istiyor.
“Tıbbi olarak sahip olduğumuz kaynak eksikliğiyle, şu anda önlemeyi denemek için sahip olduğumuz en iyi araçtır. -Fornier CNN’ye söyledi.
Frazier, rezervasyonda yaşayan 12.000 kişinin sekiz yataklı bir tesise güvendiğini ve yoğun bakım ünitesinin bulunmadığını söyledi ( YB). Eyalet verilerine göre, Güney Dakota’daki yaklaşık 198 Yerli Amerikalıya virüs bulaştı.
Beyaz Saray’daki davalar
Bu arada, üst düzey sağlık ve federal hükümet yetkilileri geldi virüs bulaşmış insanlarla temas – ve bazıları karantinaya gireceklerini açıkladı.
Dr.. Beyaz Saray koronavirüs görev gücünün önemli bir üyesi olan Anthony Fauci, CNN’ye “değiştirilmiş bir karantinaya”
virüs için pozitif test eden bir Beyaz Saray personeli ile temasa geçtikten sonra.
CDC Direktörü Dr. Robert Redfield ve Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi Komiseri Dr. Stephen Hahn da karantinaya girecek koronavirüs için pozitif test eden bir kişiyle temas ettikten sonra.
Yetkililer, Hahn veya Redfield’in maruz kaldığı kişiyi tanımlamayacaklardır.
Beyaz Saray Başkan Yardımcısı Mike Pence’ın basın sekreteri Katie Miller Cuma günü olumlu test yaptı. Sık sık Beyaz Saray koronavirüs görev gücü toplantılarındaydı.
Ancak Pence kendi kendine karantinaya almayı planlamıyor, dedi. Pazartesi günü Beyaz Saray’a dönmeyi planladığını da sözlerine ekledi. Pence sözcüsü Devin O’Malley, her gün virüs için negatif test ettiğini söyledi.
Ve geçen hafta, Başkan Donald Trump da Oval Office valelarından birinin virüs için pozitif test ettiğini öğrendi.<|endoftext|>پارسا بامشادی
|مدرک تحصیلی: دانشجوی دکتری زبان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران|
مطالب
فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۵ مورد از کل ۵ مورد.
پژوهش پیش رو، پسوند اشتقاقی «- انه» در زبان فارسی را مورد واکاوی قرار می دهد و سویه های گوناگون ساختاری و معنایی/ کارکردی آن را بررسی می کند. این پژوهش، با رویکردی ساخت بنیاد و در چارچوب نظریه ساختواژه ساختی انجام گرفته که می کوشد الگوهای واژه سازی را بر پایه مفهوم «ساخت» و «طرحواره های ساختی» تبیین نماید و روابط پایگانی میان طرحواره ها و زیرطرحواره ها را به گونه ای سامان مند نشان دهد. داده های پژوهش برگرفته از پیکره ساختواژی خود نگارندگان (با بیش از 10000 واژه مشتق و مرکّب فارسی)، فرهنگ فارسی زانسو (کشانی، 1372) و واژه های مستخرج از فرهنگ پسوند در زبان فارسی (رواقی، 1388) است که 944 واژه مشتق ساخته شده با پسوند «- انه» را دربر می گیرد. یافته های پژوهش نشانگر آن است که «- انه»، پسوندی چندمعنا و دارای تنوّع معنایی چشمگیری است که میتواند در 12 زیرطرحواره ساختی نمایان شده و واژه هایی از مقوله اسم، صفت یا قید بسازد. این چندمعنایی، نه در سطح واژه های عینی، بلکه در سطح طرحواره های ساختی انتزاعی قابل تبیین است و از این رو، آن را چندمعنایی ساختی می نامند.
هدف از پژوهش پیش رو آن است که یکی از پربسامدترین پسوندهای اشتقاقی زبان فارسی، یعنی «-ی» واکاوی و سویه های گوناگون ساختاری و معنایی/ کارکردی آن بررسی شود. این پژوهش رویکردی ساخت بنیاد دارد و در چهارچوب نظری ساختواژه ساختی است که می کوشد به روش
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buried in Paris' Cimeti??re de Montmartre.
In Alan Moore's graphic novel, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, it is implied that he was a nephew of Doctor Moreau, and he based a few of his paintings on the Doctor's creations. Related Paintings of Gustave Moreau :. | Europa and the Bull | The Apparition | The Travelling Poet (mk19) | Salome Dancing before Herod | Pieta |
Related Artists:Ellen Day Hale
was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, her family was involved in the arts, her father Edward Everett Hale was an author, her great-aunt Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. She studied art under Boston painter William Morris Hunt and helped raise her 7 brothers and sisters. Later she studied in at the Academie Julien in Paris. Francis Barraud
(14 November 1899 - 11 September 1934) was a Swiss painter.
Barraud was the eldest of four brothers who all painted or sculpted at various points in their lives.The brothers, François, Aim, Aurle and Charles, were largely self-taught artists having been raised as professional plasterers and house painters. Barraud attended evening classes at the local art school in 1911 together with his brothers. In 1919, he exhibited his paintings in La Chaux-de-Fonds and participated in the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Basel.Encouraged by the success of the exhibitions he left Switzerland in 1922, and moved to Reims in France where he worked as a house painter for two years. He married Marie, a French woman, in 1924. Marie subsequently featured as a model in several of his paintings.Around 1924 or 1925, Barraud found work in Paris as an artist and craftsman. While living in Paris he studied painting at the Louvre.
François Barraud painted mainly still lifes, female nudes and portraits, including several double portraits of himself and his wife, Marie His precise, realist style of painting developed under the influence of the old Flemish and French masters he had studied at the Louvre.
Barraud suffered periods of illness throughout his life and died of tuberculosis in Geneva, in 1934, at the age of 34.Hills, Anna Althea
American Painter, 1882-1930<|endoftext|>Robots come in many shapes, sizes, functions, and prices. One of the most interesting areas of robotics that I’ve followed for the past few years are known as collaborative robots.
A collaborative robot (cobot or co-bot) is a robot designed to assist human beings as a guide or assistant in a specific task, whereas a “regular” robot is designed to be programmed to work more or less autonomously. Generally, a cobot works collaboratively with a human and allows that human to perform certain operations successfully if they fit within the scope of the task and to steer the human on a correct path when the human begins to stray from or exceed the scope of the task.
Because co-bots are relatively affordable, highly adaptable, and almost plug-and-play, small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are adopting this technology at rapid rates, and some analysts expect this segment will see massive growth in the next few years.<|endoftext|>苏州私家侦探公司据悉2001年3月李江与妻子王梅结婚，婚后生有一子。两年后，夫妻俩因感情不和协议离婚，儿子随王某生活，李江按月支付扶养费。2009年，王梅替儿子报读小学时，私自将儿子姓改为王姓。2012年，李江得知上述事实非常愤怒，要求恢复儿子本来姓名，并拒绝支付扶养费。那么孩子的姓名究竟应该由谁决定呢？
律师表示，我国《婚姻法》规定，子女可以随父姓，也可以随母姓。一般而言，子女出生后，其姓名是经父母双方协商一致后确定的，因此孩子姓名的变更，也应由父母双方协商一致。父母离婚，任何一方无权擅自更改孩子的姓名。就算更改了，对方也有权利起诉变更，到时候还得改过来。
对于离婚双方未经协商或协商未达成一致意见而其中一方要求变更子女姓名的，公安机关可以拒绝受理；对一方因向公安机关隐瞒离婚事实，而取得子女姓名变更的，若另一方要求恢复其子女原姓名且离婚双方协商不成，公安机关应予以恢复。
未满10周岁的孩子，因生理、心理方面的不成熟，在表达自身意志方面尚存在一定的障碍，所以才由父母的合意来代替其行使民事权利。对于已满10周岁以上的未成年子女，是需要考虑孩子的意见的，孩子如果真实表达意愿，也是可以更改姓名的。按照本案的描述，孩子现应已满10岁，所以应当征求孩子的意愿。
苏州调查公司，但是，无论母亲王梅是否更改儿子姓名，父亲李江都必须支付孩子的抚养费。<|endoftext|>yüksek sıcaklık ve basınç hangi kayaç türünün oluşabilmesi için gerekli etkendir
yüksek sıcaklık ve basınç hangi kayaç türünün oluşabilmesi için gerekli etkendir
Cevap: Yüksek sıcaklık ve basınç, “metamorfik kayaçlar” adı verilen kayaç türlerinin oluşabilmesi için gerekli etkilerdir. Metamorfik kayaçlar, önceden var olan kayaçların (sedimanter, magmatik veya başka metamorfik kayaçlar) yüksek sıcaklık ve basınç altında fiziksel veya kimyasal değişime uğrayarak yeni bir yapı ve mineral kompozisyonu kazandığı kayaçlardır.
Bu metamorfizma süreci, yer kabuğunda yer altında derinliklerde veya yer kabuğunun dağ oluşumu, levha çarpışmaları gibi dinamik olaylar sonucu oluşabilir. Örneğin, kıtasal levhaların çarpışması sırasında dağ zincirlerinin oluştuğu bölgelerde, büyük basınç ve ısı etkisi altında metamorfik kayaçlar oluşabilir.
Bazı örnekler metamorfik kayaçlara şunlardır: gnays, şist, mermere dönüşmüş kireçtaşı. Bu kayaçlar, yüksek sıcaklık ve basınç altında minerallerin yeniden kristalleşmesi veya mevcut minerallerin farklı bir yapıya dönüşmesi sonucu oluşurlar.<|endoftext|>یک جعبه فولادی ناشیانه که در اسکله 45 در بندر سانفرانسیسکو لنگر انداخته است، در مقایسه با کشتی های مدرنی که از زیر پل گلدن گیت می گذرند، چیزی نیست. فقط یک طرح کمی کهن از ابرسازه ها نشان دهنده سن جامد کشتی است. در پوستری روی اسکله آمده است: جرمی اوبراین یکی از 2710 ترابری کلاس لیبرتی است که در طول جنگ جهانی دوم ساخته شده است.
هنگامی که "گرگ" زیردریایی های آلمانی ماهیانه کشتی های متفقین را با جابجایی کلی نیم میلیون تن غرق می کردند، در جلسه کمیسیون دریایی ایالات متحده پیشنهادی برای ساخت کشتی ها با چنان سرعتی ارائه شد که آلمانی ها وقت نداشته باشند. آنها را غرق کن البته، این یک شوخی بود - از 2710 حمل و نقل از نوع لیبرتی، آلمانی ها و ژاپنی ها توانستند "تنها" 300 دستگاه را غرق کنند، اما صاحبان کشتی سازی به درستی این نکته را درک کردند - مسابقه تولید آغاز شد.
حاملان آزادی و دموکراسی
معنای ساخت چنین تعداد غیرمنطقی کشتی های حمل و نقل در 4 سال کاملاً واضح است: ایالات متحده که پشت سر کشورهای متخاصم پنهان شده بود، نقش تامین کننده اصلی تجهیزات، مواد و مواد خام برای کشورهای متخاصم را بر عهده گرفت. ائتلاف ضد هیتلر تحویل حجم عظیمی از محموله Lend-Lease از طریق اقیانوس نیاز به راه حل های ویژه ای داشت - جریان محموله روز به روز افزایش می یافت و کمبود وسایل نقلیه بیشتر و شدیدتر احساس می شد. اما اگر زمان منتظر نماند و صدها زیردریایی کریگزمارین تشنه خون آنگلوساکسون در زیر امواج سرد اقیانوس اطلس کمین کنند، کشتی های اضافی را از کجا می توان تهیه کرد؟
آمریکایی ها با کمک سنت ملی خود - استانداردسازی و ساخت و ساز در مقیاس بزرگ - مشکل را حل کردند.
در 27 نوامبر 1941، 14 کشتی پرتاب شد که اولین کشتی در یک سری عظیم بود که نام بزرگ "آزادی" ("آزادی") را دریافت کرد. در مورد انتخاب نام برای خود کشتی ها، آمریکایی ها با عمل گرایی معمول خود به روند نامگذاری نزدیک شدند - هرکسی که 2 میلیون دلار به نیازهای صنعت نظامی کمک کرد، حق نامگذاری حمل و نقل را به نام خود دریافت کرد.
"لیبرتی" با سرعت غیرقابل توقف چند برابر شد - 18 کارخانه کشتی سازی به طور شبانه روزی کشتی های جدید را کوبیدند ، در نتیجه تا سال 1943 میزان ساخت 3 کشتی در روز بود. از نقطه نظر فناوری، روند ساخت یک کشتی از نوع لیبرتی به طور متوسط 30-40 روز طول کشید، اما یک بار یک رکورد شگفت انگیز ثبت شد: حمل و نقل رابرت سی پیری 4 روز و 15 ساعت و 29 دقیقه راه اندازی شد. پس از تخمگذار «رابرت کی پیری» پس از 9 روز، 10 هزار تن بار را سوار کرد و راهی اولین سفر فرا اقیانوسی خود شد!
اما گاهی این عجله به فاجعه تبدیل می شد: 12 نسخه اولیه «لیبرتی» درست در وسط اقیانوس از هم پاشیدند. کارشناسان فوری از کمبریج دریافتند که این فناوری به طور کلی درست است، مشکل در گریدهای فولادی است. اما، حتی پس از انجام تنظیمات در روند فن آوری، "لیبرتی" به طور دوره ای به سقوط از باد ادامه داد.
آمریکا به روسیه قایق بخار داد!!!! چا-چا-چا-چا!!!! چرخ های بزرگ اما سواری وحشتناکی بی صدا!!!!
ملوانان شوروی که یک کشتی بخار کاملاً جدید "والری چکالوف" را از آمریکایی ها دریافت کردند، چقدر خوشحال بودند. کشتی، البته، خوش تیپ نیست، اما چه بزرگ و جادار! این شادی کوتاه مدت بود - چند روز بعد کشتی در طی یک طوفان از وسط شکست. خوشبختانه تلفات جانی نداشت - هر دو قسمت بدنه شناور باقی ماند و به سواحل ایالات متحده بازگردانده شد. آمریکایی ها بابت این راه اندازی مضحک عذرخواهی کردند و ... یک کشتی بخار جدید "والری چکالوف" (بدنه آن در دریای اوخوتسک در 5 مارس 1951 شکست) به ملوانان تحویل دادند.
در مجموع، 40 لیبرتی تحت عنوان Lend-Lease به اتحاد جماهیر شوروی منتقل شد. ملوانان ما با لبخند از روند تهیه تجهیزات خارجی یاد می کنند: «سلام کاپیتان. در اینجا کلیدها هستند. کوچکها از کشوها، بزرگها از درها. خداحافظ، موفق باشید!" این پایان فرآیند پذیرش بود - کشتی برای بارگیری بلند شد، به طوری که در چند روز به یک سفر طولانی، پر از خطرات، اضطراب ها و ماجراجویی ها می رود.
طول کشتی - 134,5 متر تیر - 17 متر عمق - 11 متر بادکش - 8,5 متر وزن مرده - 10 تن. جابجایی کامل - 600 تن
علیرغم این واقعیت که عمر اولیه لیبرتی 5 سال تعیین شده بود، بیشتر کشتی های این نوع پس از جنگ همچنان به طور فعال مورد استفاده قرار می گرفتند، به عنوان مثال، ارسطو اوناسیس بزرگ یونانی 635 لیبرتی را به قیمت ضایعات فلزی خریداری کرد. و تا اواسط دهه 60 از آنها استفاده کرد. X.
"لیبرتی" پایه ای برای آزمایش های متعدد شد: بر اساس طراحی این کشتی ها، 24 کشتی باری خشک بتن مسلح ساخته شد (با جدیت تمام!)، شش "لیبرتی" در طول جنگ جهانی دوم به ناوهای هلیکوپتربر تبدیل شدند. بدنه در سال های پس از جنگ به عنوان یک نیروگاه هسته ای شناور استفاده می شد و روی عرشه کشتی های دیگر کارخانه ها، انبارها و کارگاه های پردازش ماهی وجود داشت. 490 تانکر دیگر از نوع T2 با استفاده از فناوری ها و راه حل های طراحی ترابری نوع لیبرتی ساخته شد.
پیشخدمت سابق ایستین کاونر، کارخانه کشتی سازی ریچموند، 1943
هزینه یک کشتی کلاس لیبرتی در فرآیند ساخت و ساز در مقیاس بزرگ به 700 هزار دلار در قیمت های آن سال ها کاهش یافت - این کشتی کمتر از 10 جنگنده P-47 Thunderbolt قیمت داشت!
مهندسان مجموعه ای از اقدامات ویژه را در تمام مراحل ساخت کشتی - از طراحی تا رنگ آمیزی بدنه - ایجاد کرده اند. به عنوان پایگاهی برای کشتی باری خشک پروژه ES2-S-C1MK (نام واقعی "لیبرتی") از طرح های کشتی های باری اواخر قرن XNUMX استفاده شد.
شدت کار مونتاژ به دلیل رد اتصالات پرچ شده به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش یافت - بدنه لیبرتی کاملاً جوش داده شده بود، علاوه بر این، حدود 600 تن فولاد صرفه جویی کرد. روش مونتاژ مقطعی به طور گسترده ای مورد استفاده قرار گرفت - بسیاری از عناصر طراحی Liberty از بخش های آماده با وزن 30 تا 200 تن مونتاژ شدند. تمام محله های زندگی به طور فشرده در روبنای کشتی گروه بندی شدند - طول کابل ها، طول لوله های تامین آب، گرمایش و فاضلاب کاهش یافت.
تنها موتور بخار با دو دیگ بخار نفتی به عنوان نیروگاه اصلی استفاده می شد. قدرت GEM - 2300 اسب بخار - برای ایجاد 10-11 گره در بار کامل کافی است. البته، هیچ چیز خوبی در این وجود ندارد - یک نتیجه بسیار متوسط، حتی با استانداردهای آن سال ها، از سوی دیگر، لیبرتی برای رکوردها ایجاد نشده است. رکورد همان فرآیند ایجاد آنها بود.
برای لیبرتی بسیار مهمتر، برد بزرگ کروز بود - 13000 مایل در 10 گره. (از مورمانسک به ساخالین و برگشت بدون سوخت گیری)!
در پنج انبار باری کشتی میتوانستند:
- 260 متوسط تانک ها
- 2840 جیپ
- 600 هزار گلوله کالیبر 76 میلی متر
- 14 متر مکعب محموله فله
برای عملیات بارگیری و تخلیه، دو بوم قدرتمند با ظرفیت بالابری 15 و 50 تن و همچنین 10 جرثقیل سبک با ظرفیت بالابری 5 تن بر روی عرشه فوقانی ترابری نصب شد.
کشتی بخار "لیبرتی" توسط خدمه ای متشکل از 50 ملوان اداره می شد.
هر کشتی مجهز به یک تفنگ 102 میلی متری و همچنین 20 اسلحه خودکار 37 و XNUMX میلی متری برای محافظت در برابر دشمن بود. هواپیمایی. خواننده عزیز لبخند بیهوده ای می زند و تصور می کند که چگونه این کشتی کند حرکت که با تمام بدن می لرزد و می شکند، حملات دشمن را از بین می برد.
در 27 سپتامبر 1942، کشتی باری کلاس لیبرتی استفان هاپکینز در اقیانوس اطلس جنوبی توسط دو مهاجم آلمانی به نام های Stir و Tannenfels توقیف شد. 150 اسلحه 102 میلی متری آلمان در برابر یک اسلحه XNUMX میلی متری، ایستگاه های EW آلمان درخواست های کمک آمریکا را خفه کردند. «استیون هاپکینز» درگذشت، اما قبل از مرگش، یکی از تعقیب کنندگانش را به قعر اقیانوس اطلس کشاند. آلمانی ها تا مدت ها باور نمی کردند که این کشتی زشت توانسته مهاجم شتیر را نابود کند.
دومین روز از زمان نشانک گذاری مجموعه بدنه تشکیل شده است.
6 روز از تاریخ نشانک گذاری. عرشه ها و دیوارهای داخلی تشکیل شده است
14 روز از تاریخ نشانک گذاری. اشباع بدنه با تجهیزات ادامه دارد، نیروگاه نصب شده است، روند نصب عرشه بالایی در حال انجام است.
24 روز از تاریخ نشانک گذاری. کشتی آماده پرتاب است.<|endoftext|>Mesane kanserinde immünoterapi
Mesane kanseri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde en yaygın altıncı ve dünya çapında en yaygın dokuzuncu kanserdir. Çoğu mesane kanseri, mesanenin iç astarını oluşturan geçiş epitel hücrelerinde başlar. Bu tümörler büyüdükçe çevredeki bağ dokusu ve kası istila edebilirler. İlerlemiş hastalıkta, tümörler mesanenin ötesine yakındaki lenf düğümlerine veya pelvik organlara yayılır veya akciğerler, karaciğer veya kemik gibi daha uzak organlara metastaz yapar.
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq®): PD-1/PD-L1 yolunu hedefler; ileri ürotelyal karsinomalı hasta alt grupları için onaylanmıştır
Avelumab (Bavencio®): PD-1/PD-L1 yolunu hedefler; kemoterapi sonrası birinci basamak idame tedavisi de dahil olmak üzere ilerlemiş mesane kanserli hastaların alt grupları için onaylanmıştır”
Dostarlimab (Jemperli): PD-1/PD-L1 yolunu hedefleyen bir kontrol noktası inhibitörü; DNA uyumsuzluğu onarım eksikliği (dMMR) olan ileri mesane kanserli hastaların alt grupları için onaylanmıştır
Nivolumab
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52 | 1 | 3 |
表达中占的题量每年都是二分之一，份额大，因此掌握好这种题型的解题技巧相当的重要。
逻辑填空题型的基本构成是给出一段文字资料，然后根据所给材料的整体语境设置空格，如运用关联词的关联关系、语义的前后关系、语境的特定范围等设置空格，要求考生根据具体的语境挖掘文意与空格的具体关系，找到最符合题意的正确答案。
因此做逻辑填空题目最需要掌握的做题方法就是语境分析法。
（一）解释关系
例：不要怕去学新的东西。知识没有（ ），是可以随身携带的宝藏，没有人会被它压垮，而且愈多你愈身心矫健。
填入最恰当的一项是：【2010-贵州-17】
A．重量 B．大小
C．困难 D．期限
【解析】A：从空格后面的关键词汇“没有人会被它压垮”，与空格具有解释关系，推断出空格处填入“重量”最符合题意。
（二）顺承关系
例：放眼世界，海纳百川，通过______、消化、______，努力推动我国科学技术跨越式发展。
填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：【2008-江西-18】
A．引进 吸收 B．引进 改造
C．学习 创新 D．学习 改造
【解析】A：从空格处的顿号推断出三个词汇具有并列或者顺承关系，再观察选项，“消化”、“吸收”具有顺承关系，符合语境对科学技术的描绘。检验第一空也符合题意，因此选A。
（三）相对关系
例1：虽然很多员工觉得很难控制工作中的压力，但是至少当他们回到家时，是______ 的，然而，随着工作本质的改变，家也已经不再是曾经的避难所了。
填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：【2007-国考-26】
A．愉快 B．清闲
C．悠闲 D．轻松
【解析】D：题意中明显的关联词汇“虽然····但是···”，空格与前面的句义存在转折关系，空格填入的词应与“压力”相对，“愉快”强调心情的愉悦；“清闲”、“悠闲”重在强调时间上的空闲；“轻松”强调毫无压力，因此答案选D。
例2：中国人的历史知识，多半儿是从“讲史”中得来，有本事、有耐心抱着二十四史读下来的，______。
填入横线部分最恰当的一项是：【2009-浙江-19】
A．寥若晨星 B．历历可数 C．孤鸾寡鹤 D．光前绝后
【解析】A：阅读文意，材料中虽无出现关联词，但是存在句义上的相对关系，历史知识多半儿从“讲史”中得来，那真正“看史”的人就相对少了，空格处应填入一个表示数量少的词汇，“寥若晨星”的意思是数量稀少或者分布稀疏；“历历可数”强调事物清楚分明的样子；“孤鸾寡鹤”指的是失去配偶的男子或女子；“光前绝后”形容功业伟大或成就卓著。只有A最符合题意。
逻辑填空题的解题方法和技巧，就一个基本原则：语境分析法，考生要注意从整个句子出发，寻找提示信息：关联词的关联关系、语义的前后关系、语境的特定范围，找准了句义的关系（解释关系、顺承关系、相对关系），才能最后找到正确答案。<|endoftext|>Trout abound in the mountain streams and lakes, barbel and many other species of Cyprinidae in the rivers of the plains.
Of the twenty-one species of freshwater fish, five are peculiar to the country, but none is of much economic value save the barbel and eel.
It is distinguished from other species of the genus Gadus by its long pointed snout, which is twice as long as the eye, with projecting lower jaw, and without a barbel at the chin.
It is a small barbel discovered in Natal by Max Weber, and described by him under the name Barbus viviparus.
HADDOCK (Gadus aeglefinus), a fish which differs from the cod in having the mental barbel very short, the first anal fin with 22 to 25 rays, instead of 17 to 20, and the lateral line dark instead of whitish; it has a large blackish spot above each pectoral fin - associated in legend with the marks of St Peter's finger and thumb, the haddock being supposed to be the fish from whose mouth he took the tribute-money.
Fish are caught in great numbers in the rivers and marshes, chiefly barbel and carp, and the latter attain so great a size that one is a sufficient load for an ass.
WHITING (Gadus merlangus), a fish of the family Gadidae, which is abundant on the shores of the German Ocean and all round the coasts of the British Islands; it is distinguished from the other species of the genus by having from 33 to 35 rays in the first anal fin, and by lacking the barbel on the chin.
Freshwater scale-fish are mostly full of bones, but fine eels and barbel are plentiful in the rivers.<|endoftext|>Guardian2：振动
Guardian2 研究中心振动边界监测器 (PPV)
Guardian2 包括 Casella 科赛乐的‘mHub’记录器，带有内置的‘E-sim’sim 卡。E-sim 数据成本低，可搜索多个网络以确保最高的信号强度，有助于确保良好的数据连接。数据可通过我们的安全网站 http://www.casella247.com/ 使用私人登录实时获取。可出于现场粉尘或噪声合规目的轻松生成报告，此外，系统通过短信或电子邮件提供警报。报告可很容易地自动化并发送给多个用户。例如，一个用户可接收关于一天内峰值粒子速度(PPV) 中的振动水平的报告，其中另一用户可接收关于每周振动水平的报告。
创新的 Guardian2 可选配一个光离子化检测器 (PID)，用于测量高达 6，000 ppm（百万分之一)的 VOC，评估现场的排放和空气质量。
- 由电源 (100-250VAC)、太阳能或电池供电
- 三轴接地振动传感器，用于测量峰值粒子速度(PPV)，mm/s
- 向指定收件人发送电子邮件和短信提醒
- 手动或自动报告
- 使用 SKU 208061D/VOC 将 VOC 监测功能添加到此 Guardian2<|endoftext|>Mention the phrase “head lice” to any parent and most will react with a cringe. What are they, and how do you treat them if they’ve infested your child’s scalp?
Head lice are little bugs that can make your kids scratch their noggins, but do not cause any diseases, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The worst result of having head lice is a child scratching his head until he opens wounds, which could then become infected.
There is, however, much transmission of head lice in schools, because children tend to interact in closer proximity to each other than adults. Doctors report an increase in the number of head lice cases after school starts in September.
This month, many parents will receive information about head lice from their children’s schools. While some private institutions test students for head lice before the start of the academic year, New York City public schools have a policy of not accepting children who have lice into classrooms.
Head lice are six-legged insects that are the size of sesame seeds. They only live on human beings, and cannot be caught from animals, according to a statement issued by the city’s Office of School Health.
Pearly white and smaller than a pin head, nits are the egg cases laid by lice. While lice move around the head and on the scalp, nits attach to hair shafts.
A child can only have head lice if he has a living, moving louse on his scalp. He catches the parasite when the louse gives up its host’s head for a new host. Eggs in their protective nits are not transmitted from one head to another.
Once the insects attach to a person’s head, they feed on blood obtained from the scalp. Many — but not all — people with head lice will develop an itchy scalp.
Anyone can get head lice, which are usually caught from family and friends in the home and community.
Head lice can be transferred when people hug each other, or when small children are playing together and their heads brush each other.
Head lice can also be transmitted by objects — such as hats, clothing, combs and brushes — used by infected individuals.
Families can do everything right and still develop head lice. Learn how to check your children’s head for these lice, before they have a chance to breed. When making your examination, it can be easier to spot the nits laid on the hair, which are most often found in the thickest parts — at the nape of the neck and behind the ears.
Parents should also tell children not to share hats, combs and brushes with anyone else. Physical contact with infected individuals, including their belongings, should be avoided.
What are the symptoms of head lice?
The first indication of an infection is usually itching around the area of the body where the lice feed. If a child is scratching the back of his head or around his ears, examine them for head lice.
It may take two to three weeks or longer for a person to notice the intense itching associated with lice infection.
There are a multitude of products on the market for treating head lice. Several medicated shampoos or cream rinses, especially those containing the pesticides permethrin or pyrethrin, can be purchased over the counter.
After washing your child’s hair with a head lice shampoo, a parent will need to comb out any remaining nits with a good lice comb. The most effective combs are those with metal teeth so close together that you can’t see them. If the child has long hair, the lice comb approach can be time consuming and labor intensive, so many parents opt to cut their child’s hair.
There are also hair lotions that can be added to dry hair and applied with a lice comb. These lotions should not be heated with a hair dryer, as some of them are flammable.
Parents should repeat the process of washing and combing their child’s hair every seven days to ensure that the lice do not reappear.
Because head lice have developed resistance to the pesticides used to treat them, the number of lice infections has grown over the years. The National Pediculosis Association believes that prescription pesticides, such as malathion and lindane, are not only ineffective at treating infections, but are also dangerous if they are used after the child has been treated with an over-the-counter pesticide. The Association “advises parents to discontinue the use of any treatment at the earliest sign of failure and to avoid using other chemicals. Manual removal is the best option whenever possible.”
All bedding, towels and clothing from infected individuals should be cleaned with soap and hot water, and placed in a dryer for at least 20 minutes to help kill off any remaining lice. Toys and other belongings can be placed in plastic bags and sealed off for 10 days so the lice will die of starvation.
You should also soak combs and hairbrushes in alcohol or lice shampoo, dispose of hair accessories, and thoroughly vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture.
Lice removal has become profitable for many businesses. In the New York City area, there are treatment centers, resembling salons, where professionals will comb lice and nits out of clients’ hair. Other companies will come directly to your home to treat and remove head lice.
The most accurate and reliable information about head lice can be found on the National Pediculosis Association’s website at www.headli
Another helpful website is www.kidshe
• • •
So the next time you say the words “head lice” to a parent, allay their fears by letting them know all of the information and treatments available to them in their local communities and on the Internet. There’s really no reason to bug out.
Allison Plitt is a staff writer for Family Publications New York and a mother living in Queens with a 5-year-old daughter. If you have ideas about resources for families in Queens, contact her at allisonpli
©2011 Community News Group<|endoftext|>: +32 10 47.44.32
Fax : +32 10 47.31.06
E-mail : [email protected]
For further information please see the university directory
The principal domain of research of our lab is the physiology and the biomechanics of terrestrial locomotion. Movement in sports (particularly in gymnastic) are also studied.
- Studies on terrestrial locomotion
At first glance, there are many different modes of terrestrial locomotion: some vertebrates move on Earth on two legs while others use four. They walk, amble, trot, pace, canter, gallop, hop, etc. In fact, this huge variety of locomotory types are all based on two basic mechanisms:
More information : Norman HEGLUND
- A force platform made of 10 plates (total length: 6 m.) measures the vertical and forward components of the ground reaction force during several walking or running steps. This platform is installed at the level in the middle of a 40 m long corridor.
- A of 16 plates (size of each plate: 1m x 1m) is under construction. This platform measures the ground reaction forces in the three directions of the space. It has a resolution of 3 N and a full scale of 50.000 N
- A piezo-electric force platform (KIESTLER®) measures the ground reaction forces in the three directions of the space.
- A motion analysis system with infrared cameras (SELSPOT®) records the movements of the body segments at 400 frames/s.Electromyographs (EMG) record the electrical activity of height muscular groups.
- A telemetric system allows to measure energy expenditure during various exercises (KOSMED K4®).
Main research projects of the last five years
- The mechanics of walking and running in children during growth
Three children run on the 6 m long force platform of the lab.
The aim of this study is to understand:
(1) how the mechanisms of locomotion change during growth,
(2) which are the factors that influence this evolution (change in morphology, increase of the weight and the size, maturation of the nervous system, modification of the muscular force...).
Three studies were realized these last years.
The energy expenditure in children during walking.
In this study, we measured the oxygen
consumption during walking at different speeds in adults and in 3 to
12 years old children.
work done by children during walking at different speeds
The mechanical work can be divided into different parts: (1) the external work necessary to sustain the displacement of the center of mass of the body relative to the surroundings, (2) the internal work done to accelerate the body segments relative to the center of mass of the body and (3) the internal work done during the double contact phase of walking by the back leg which generates energy that will be absorbed by the front leg (see picture). This last part is not counted in the 'classic' measurements of the positive muscular work done during walking. Using force platforms, we studied the effect of speed and age (size) on the internal work done by one leg against the other. We also measured the total mechanical work done during walking at different speeds in adults and in 3-12 years old children (paper in preparation).
The bouncing mechanism of running in children
The natural frequency of the body bouncing
system depends on the body mass and the stiffness of the elastic structures
responsible for the rebound. Between the age of initiation of running and
adulthood, body mass increases more than five times, but the effect of
growth on stiffness is unknown. In this study, we investigated the factors
affecting the freely chosen step frequency, and measured the mechanical
work done to move the center of mass of the body during running at various
speeds in children of different age.
- Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand
The mechanics and energetics of locomotion have been thoroughly investigated only in the laboratory on hard, level, non-slippery surfaces, although these bear little resemblance to those actually occurring in nature. It could be that the energy-saving mechanisms utilized during locomotion on a hard surface are not functional on a soft surface, or that the muscles on a soft surface are in a condition such that they contract and do work at lower efficiency, or simply that the mechanical work required to walk or run on a soft surface is much greater since the foot does work on the substratum. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the increase in metabolic cost and the reason for that increase, in human walking and running on dry sand. A 50 m track containing 8 tons of sand was build (left picture). In order to evaluate muscular work during sand locomotion, a track was also build on the top of the force plate (right picture).
- Physiology of load carrying
Services to Society
People in the Third World often carry prodigious loads supported by their heads. With the exception of African women, virtually nothing is known about the energetics and mechanics of carrying head supported loads.
In Nepal, load carrying is mostly done by humans. Porters use a bag (doko) supported by a strap on the head (naamlo). On the average, loads are equal to body weight (occasionally up to two times the body weight). We studied the energetics (oxygen consumption - right picture) and mechanics (mechanical work - left picture) of Sherpa carrying head supported loads in an effort to determine if this is a particularly economical means of portage, and if so, what mechanisms are used to minimize cost.
- Effect of gravity on the mechanics of walking and running
Professor Cavagna (University of Milan) walking at 0.4 g (like on Mars).
The aim of this study is to understand how gravity affects the mechanisms of locomotion. We measured the ground reaction forces during walking in reduced (0.4 g) or enhanced (1.5 g) gravity and during running in enhanced gravity (1.3 g). Hypo-gravity is obtained during parabolic flights while hyper-gravity is obtained during circular flights
- List of the new research projects in the field of locomotion
- Effect of exercise on the muscle and bone loss during extended weightlessness
- Mechanics of locomotion of the elephant
- Control of step frequency during running in children and in adults
- Analysis of movement in gymnastics
In a first project, we
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就红了，可太高的起点也给赵薇带来了障碍。之后挑战大银幕的《炮制女朋友》《绿茶》等作品皆不如人意。2005年她以《京华烟云》华丽变身，之后的电影《花木兰》让她再度封后。
2013年更是执导电影《致青春》成功变为导演。今年她以《虎妈猫爸》和《十二道锋味》再现于人们的眼前，已经成为华语圈炙手可热的女明星。现在她和丈夫与女儿一起过着幸福的生活。
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压浆料厂家
水泥罐车
铝合金耐火窗
防爆挠性管<|endoftext|>Over past years there have been countless discussions over plans, programmes and laws aimed at sustainable urban development and growth. However, it is essential that those intentions translate into effective sustainable policies that take into account all the conjectural variables: physical, environmental, socioeconomic and the landscape.
The evolution of urban planning in developed countries is intrinsically connected to the Industrial Revolution Era and the new uses and needs it created in urban areas. The concentration of industrial activities and complexes with intense consumption and labour needs around urban centres forced the creation of new roads, accesses and lodgings. However, the sudden urban and population growths were not accompanied by the corresponding habitational and sanitary development policies to which many suburban areas bear witness nowadays.
This growth, which had different peaks in different countries throughout the late 19th century and early 20th century, created a type of spatial and social segregation unique to urban areas in which the professional occupation translates into social status and reflects on the quality of the lodging (i.e. engineering quarters versus proletarian quarters). Another consequence of this type of urban growth are population migrations from the countryside to urban areas.
This phenomena, known as rural flight, had severe long term consequences in the desertification of countryside areas which are still visible nowadays as people keep fledging towards the greater urban centres. This severely disrupts the socioeconomic balance of countryside communities jeopardizing local economic balance and its sustainable development, in particular demographic growth. Ultimately it degenerates into aged populations and deserted villages.
Nowadays we still bear witness to maladjusted planning policies with little regard for the environment and whose binding legal power often causes operability problems. Namely in urban areas where dense urban meshes with intense daily pendulous motions promote gas emissions and waste production in uneven ways throughout the territory.
It is essential to use sustainable premises when planning so that the whole territory is managed in an efficient and sustainable fashion. A rational consumption of resources allows authorities to provide better quality of life to their peoples.<|endoftext|>In which Scrabble dictionary does FIBRIN exist?
Definitions of FIBRIN in dictionaries:
- noun -
a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots
An elastic, insoluble, whitish protein produced by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen and forming an interlacing fibrous network in the coagulation of blood.
- noun -
an insoluble protein
There are 6 letters in FIBRIN:
B F I I N R
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to FIBRIN
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word FIBRIN plus a
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word FIBRIN
6 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for FIBRINLoading...
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.<|endoftext|>datasetmodified on 2020-04-01, 07:19
The compressed files with the format Language_Multipic.zip correspond to the CSV, XLS and TXT files with the critical pieces of information for each language. These are the files that researchers will find most useful together with the pictures.
The images are available in multiple formats, including TIFF, JPG and PNG. PNG files are presented in color and greyscale. All the files containing the pictures are compressed.
This Microsoft Excel file contains the core worksheet containing the final set of filtered data corresponding to the MultiPic collaborative dataset (worksheet entitled 'FINAL DATA PER LANGUAGE'), together with the original unfiltered raw data including 'don't know' responses as well as idiosyncratic responses (worksheet 'RAW UNFILTERED DATA'), and with the correctness subjective classification carried out for each response in each language (worksheet 'FILTERED DATA WITH CORRECTNESS').
For the full reference and additional details, please refer to:
Duñabeitia, J.A., Crepaldi, D., Meyer, A.S., New, B., Pliatsikas, C., Smolka, E., & Brysbaert, M. (2018). MultiPic: A standardized set of 750 drawings with norms for six European languages. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(4), 808-816.<|endoftext|>Sometimes you would like to suggest some options to a user as they type something into an input. Maybe there are popular search categories or tags that people are looking for. You could, of course, implement an API driven feature, or if you want to get a quick way for it to be up and running why not just use the
In case you want to watch me mess around with the
datalist tag you can watch it here or else keep scrolling to read.
datalist in action.
<datalist>element contains a set of
<option>elements that represent the permissible or recommended options available to choose from within other controls. — MDN
Datalist acts as a hybrid between a normal input and a select field where it allows users to either choose a suggested option, see suggestions as you type, or add in their own option.
So how does it work?
Let’s show you how to add the
datalist tag to a regular old
<input type="text"> as a simple example (and probably the most common one you will use).
datalist will work nearly identically to a select tag taking inner options.
The important thing you will see here is that our input takes a list as an option that directs to the id of the
datalist you want to use to populate the input.
You can also add in some inner notes so in this example you will see if someone starts typing “Html” as their favorite programming language, we can show a little note telling them to stop trolling us…
The other really cool thing about
datalist is that it isn’t just strictly for inputs with a type of text. You can use it to add some suggestions to pretty much any tags including date and color tags.
Here’s an example of it in use with a color picker:
<label for="pick_color">Pick a color</label> <input type="color" id="pick_color" list="colors"/> <datalist id="colors"> <option value="#155AF0"></option> <option value="#F107BA"></option> <option value="#2B2B2B"></option> </datalist>
I’m a big fan of learning by hacking so jump straight into this CodePen to try it out for yourself:
Example of the datalist tags in action
When to use this? Since this will add DOM elements, I would suggest using this when you don’t have a whole database worth of suggestions (maybe less than 50 or so is a good rule of thumb for me).
Until the next one, happy coding! ❤
Follow me on Twitter
Subscribe on Codú Community<|endoftext|>Arazi sürüşü
Herkes doğa ile iletişim kurmayı sever, ancak her zaman yollarında belirli bir beceri olmadan üstesinden gelemeyeceğiniz engellerle karşılaşır. Deneyim yoksa, yüz, hatta on metre sürmek için çok zaman ve çaba harcamanız gerekir. Kar veya kum sürüklenebilir, ford veya derin su birikintisi, kaygan yükselme veya eğim, bulanık bir yol veya derin bir iz ile. Beceri zamanla gelir ve sürücüler tarafından bulunan ve yaşamın kendisinin istediği temel tekniklerin bilgisi, onu azaltmaya yardımcı olacaktır. Bir veya başka bir engelin üstesinden gelme yeteneği bir dizi faktörle sınırlıdır: tahrik tekerlekleri için çekiş; toprağa yapışmaları; Tekerleklerin referans düzleminden aracın en alçak noktasına olan mesafe (yerden yükseklik), yerin yüksekliği ve sudan korkan düğümlerin güvenliği (distribütör, ateşleme bobini, bujiler ve egzoz borusu). * Tahrik tekerleklerindeki çaba hakkında birkaç söz söylenmelidir. Tork ve şanzıman oranları gibi kavramlar vardır. Bu parametreler tasarımcı tarafından ayarlanır. Her sürücü, motor devrini değiştirerek ve bir veya başka bir şanzıman şanzımanı dahil ederek optimum değerlerini değiştirebilir. Bu parametrelerin maksimum değerini ne zaman kullanmalısınız? Yumuşak zeminde sürerken, tekerlekler derin battığında, ancak kaymadığında. Burada, arka ve ön tekerleklerin önünde, silindirler oluştu. Tekerlekleri kısmen ezilir, kısmen önlerine doğru itilir. Neredeyse tüm motor enerjisi bu işe harcanmaktadır. Bittiğinde, gaz pedalındaki artan basınca rağmen motor hızı ve araç hızı azalır. Şanzımanda Jerks meydana gelir. Araba bitkin, bitkin, direncin üstesinden gelemez. Bu durumda ne yapılabilir? Her şeyden önce, yolcuları indirerek veya yükü kaldırarak aracı mümkün olduğunca hafifletmelisiniz. O zaman düzgün bir şekilde geri hareket etmeniz ve aynı zamanda düzgün bir şekilde hareket etmeniz gerekir.
* Otomatik şanzımanlı bir araçta çamur veya karda sıkışmışsanız, duran aracı sallamaya çalışmayın.
Her şeyden önce, “birikim” terimi tarafından neyin anlaşılması gerektiğini anlayacağız. Sıkışmış bir arabayı çıkaran herkes, ilk kez yapamazlarsa, tırtıllı girintideki kendi salınım frekansı ile senkronize olarak itilmeleri gerektiğini bilir. Hareketlerin genliği artar ve bir noktada tekerlekler bir engelin üzerinden geçer.
Aynı sonuç, aracın sallanmasıyla eşzamanlı olarak, ilk ve arka hızların değiştirilmesiyle ve motorla “itilmesi” durumunda da elde edilebilir. Sıkışmış bir arabanın doğal titreşim süresi nadiren bir saniyeyi aştığından, vites kolu ile maksimum yoğunlukta çalışmak gerekir. Ancak el kitabı iyi çünkü neredeyse anında açılıyor. “Otomatik” daha “düşünceli”, seçici düğmeyi hareket ettirdikten sonra saniyenin onda biri gerekiyor. Bazı tasarımlar, şanzıman tamamen bağlanmadan önce bile motor devrini artırarak bu boşluğu azaltabilir. Ancak aynı zamanda, vites değiştirme daha sert bir şekilde gerçekleşir ve kutunun kavramaları üzerindeki yük birçok kez artar.
* Döndürülmüş ön tekerlekler genellikle derin bir mastardan çıkmaya engel olur. Bazen arabanın hareket etmesi için doğrudan takmak yeterlidir. Bazen, derin izlerden ayrılmak için tekerlekleri çevirmek yeterli değildir. Bu durumda, bir kürekle aracın yönünde önde veya arkada sığ bir çıkış kazmanız gerekir.
* Geçilemez bir yol uzanmasına yaklaşırken, aracın ataleti ne kadar büyük olursa, motor hızı o kadar yüksek ve vitesi düşürürse, otomobilin üstesinden gelebileceği direnç de o kadar yüksek olur. Bu nedenle, daha önce engelin şiddetini değerlendirdikten sonra, hareketin tüm bölümünü kaydırmak için böyle bir hareket modu bulun. Tabii ki, yolda tekerlekler göbeğe yapışacak ve araba dibine oturacak kadar toprak, kum veya kar olabilir. Bunun olmasını önlemek için, önce rutta elinize gelen her şeyi bırakmalısınız: tahtalar, dallar, taşlar. Aşırı bir durumda, çok viskoz toprak yakalandığında ve kendi başlarına dışarı çıkma girişimleri etkisiz olduğunda, arabaya zarar vermemek, bir römorkör, vinç veya krikonun yardımına başvurmamak daha iyidir.
* Manuel bir vinç kullanarak, 1 tona kadar sıkışmış bir aracı hızla çekebilirsiniz. Yolu genellikle asfaltla sınırlı olmayan kırsal sakinler, avcılar ve balıkçılar, böyle bir vinç basitçe gereklidir. Kaygan bir yamaçta, bir nehirde veya derin bir su birikintisinde sıkışmış bir arabanın yardımına gelebilir. Vinç için destek (özel bir cihazı yoksa) bir ağaç, kazık, kürek ve hatta bir şoför aletinden yapılmış bir montaj bıçağı olabilir.
* Sürüş bölümlerindeki çeşitli cihazlar tarafından zor bölümlerin üstesinden gelmede büyük yardım: zincirler, bilezikler, farklı tasarımların zımbaları. Kaymanın üstesinden gelmek için etkili ve muhtemelen en kolay cihaz, tekerleklerin altına yerleştirilen 20 × 20 mm ağ ile metal bir ağdır. 0.4 × 1.5 m boyutlarında böyle bir ızgaranın iki şeridinin gövdeye yerleştirilmesi kolaydır.
* Her sürücü, daha yüksek motor devri ve şanzımanın daha keskin olduğunu bilmeli, tahrik tekerlekleri ne kadar çabuk kayar. Bundan kaçınmak için, motoru nasıl “hissedeceğinizi” öğrenmeniz gerekir. Bu belki de en zor olanıdır - çoğu durumda başarıyı sağlayacak optimal bir rejimi bulmak ve sürdürmek. Bu nasıl öğrenilebilir? Sadece eğitim yoluyla. İlk viteste paketlenmiş karda sürün. Gaz pedalını kullanarak krank mili hızını arttırmak için önce yavaş ve sonra daha hızlı deneyin. Otomobil önce hızlanır, daha sonra bir noktada hızı düşmeye başlar ve müdahaleniz olmadan motor “ulumaya” başlar. Bu, bir veya iki tahrik tekerleğinin kaydığı (kaydığı) ve dönüşlerine karşı direnç keskin bir şekilde azaldığı için motor devrinin arttığı anlamına gelecektir.
Şimdi motoru dikkatlice dinleyerek manevrayı tekrarlayın. Krank milinin hızı keyfi olarak artmaya başlar başlamaz, “gazı” sorunsuz bir şekilde çıkarın, ikinci vitese geçin, taban otomobili hızlandırır.
Egzersiz sırasında aracın sadece motor devrini değiştirmeye değil, aynı zamanda debriyaj pedalını değiştirmeye de duyarlı olduğunu fark edeceksiniz. Onun gitmesine izin vermek biraz daha keskin, hemen sonra bir tekerlek kayması. Zor bir alanın üstesinden gelmek, bu pedala hiç dokunmamanız daha iyidir, böylece durmak için bir neden yoktur. Debriyaj belirli bir durumda dağıtılamıyorsa, motor hızına odaklanarak yumuşak ve dikkatli bir şekilde açıp kapatmanız gerekir.
* Kaygan yollarda sürüş sırasında krank mili hızı sabit olmalıdır. Motor çalışma koşullarında yapılacak herhangi bir değişikliğin beklenmedik ve istenmeyen durmalara neden olabileceğini unutmayın. Yolda bir çamurlu yol ortaya çıktığında ve hatta derin bir pistle bile, bir köprüye veya alt gövdeye yerleşen bir arabayı çıkarmak neredeyse bir sanattır. Aslında, diğer durumlarda onu itmek veya çekmek için yeterlidir. Burada, bu tür eylemler altta bulunan bileşenlere ve parçalara zarar verebilir. Böyle bulanık bir yolla tanıştıktan sonra, önce onu dikkatlice incelemeli ve gerekirse başarılı bir şekilde üstesinden gelmeye hazırlanmalısınız. Parkur, parkurun uzun bir bölümünde çok derinse, tekerlekler arasında kalmaya çalışın. Sert ve geniş sırtlar boyunca sürüş zor değildir, ancak yumuşak ve dar sırtlarda çok zordur. Çıkıntıları derin bir çıkıntıya kaydırmamak için, bir tarafın tekerlekleri bir çıkıntıda ve diğeri yolun kenarında olduğunda daha iyidir. Bu pozisyonda, istenen yönü korumak çok daha kolaydır, çünkü rut boyunca ilerleyen tekerlekler neredeyse kontrol gerektirmez.
* Uyarılar şüphesiz faydalıdır. Peki ya araba hala yere düştüğünde? Her şeyden önce, arabadan çıkıp etrafa bakmanız gerekiyor. Sebeplere ve özel yol koşullarına bağlı olarak gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır. Çoğu durumda, arabayı geri getirmeniz önerilir. Eğer çalışmazsa, bir kriko ile kaldırmaya ve “fazla” toprağı çıkarmaya çalışmalısınız. Krikonun kurulumuna özellikle dikkat edilmelidir, çünkü bunun yeri genellikle uygunsuzdur - kir veya kum. Topuk altında, krat evi genellikle bir tahta, düz bir taş döşer, ancak krikonun üst kısmının araba kapısından 0.15-0.20 m olması beklentisiyle, aksi takdirde kriko tamamen kaldırıldığında hasar görür.
Ön tekerlekler bir hendeğe veya çukura çarptığında, araca zarar verme riski olmadan kriko sadece bir durumda değiştirilebilir. Bu durumda, kütüğün uç yüzü veya X harfi ile bağlanan iki kutup, çekme halatı altında ikame edilerek araca doğru eğilir. Kabloyu çekerken, ön kısım yükselecek ve araç ileri doğru hareket edecektir.
* Dikenli yoldaki son engel sudur. Muhtemelen “ ford, suya girmeyin. ” Ve hala tırmanırsan yavaşça hareket et. Su, kesici dağıtıcısına ve ateşleme bobinine, bujilere veya daha da kötüsüne su basarsa sorunlar başlayabilir - egzoz borusuna gir
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女士用语”，那么就会有更大的把握化险为夷，下面就让我们一起来看看女人常用的词汇吧。|
1.很好
争吵中，如果女人说了这个词，就意味着她觉得自己很对，你该闭嘴了。
2.五分钟
女人换衣服时，5分钟相当于半小时。如果她给你5分钟的时间看球赛然后帮她整理房间的时候，那么5分钟就是5分钟而已。
3. 没什么
没什么意味着“有什么”，而且麻烦大了，所以你要保持警觉。女人说“没什么”的时候通常是在想怎么来来回回折腾你。“没什么”一般表示一场争论要持续“五分钟”，还会以“很好”作为结束。
4. 往下说（同时挑起眉毛）
这意味着一种挑战。女人说这话时会因为“没什么”而心烦意乱，然后再以“很好”这个词来结束对话。
5. 往下说（同时表情正常）
这意味着“我不管了”或者“想干什么就干吧，我可不在意”。然而数分钟后，你就会听到“挑起眉毛的‘往下说’”，紧接着是“没什么”和“很好”，而且她会和你谈大概“五分钟”的时间，直到她冷静下来。
6. 大声叹息
这不是一句话，而是非言辞的一种表达，它常被男人误解。女人大声叹息意味着她认为那一刻的你实在是一个白痴，而且不明白自己为什么浪费了这么多时间站在这里来跟你争论一些“没什么”的事情.
7. 我没事
女人对男人所能说出的最危险的话之一就是“没事”。“没事”意味着她在报复你所做过的事之前要好好地想上一段时间。从某种程度上来说，你很快就会碰到非常大的麻烦了。
8. 随便你
这不是普通的陈述，而是一个提议。女人说这句话的目的其实是给男人一个为其所作所为找个借口或理由的机会。你也可以说实话，但得小心谨慎，这样就不会听到”我没事”。
9. 谢谢
女人对你说谢谢的时候，别犯晕，说一声“不客气”就可以了。
10. 多谢
一句“多谢”大大有别于“谢谢”。当女人其实在责备你时，她会说：“多谢”。这表明你已经无情地触犯了她，接下来，你会听到“大声的叹息”。注意不要在女人“大声叹息”之后关怀她，因为她只会以“没什么”来回应你。<|endoftext|>|© 1999 Bernard SUZANNE||Last updated May 1st, 1999|
|Plato and his dialogues : Home - Biography - Works and links to them - History of interpretation - New hypotheses - Map of dialogues : table version or non tabular version. Tools : Index of persons and locations - Detailed and synoptic chronologies - Maps of Ancient Greek World. Site information : About the author.|
Frequently Asked Questions
"Could you tell me in what work of Plato I might find his "cave analogy". It is a story of men chained in a cave only able to see their own shadows and delude into thinking that this was all there was to reality."
The story this letter refers to, usually called "the allegory of the cave", is found at the beginning of book VII of Plato's dialogue called The Republic. The Stephanus references (the universal way of quoting Plato, available in all editions of his works) for the section telling the allegory are Republic, VII, 514a-517a. It is followed by an interpretation of the allegory put by Plato in the mouth of Socrates, as is the allegory itself. The text of this section of the Republic is available in various English translations on the web, including :
The avowed purpose of the allegory is to give an image of the process of education at a point in the discussion when Socrates has just introduced, through what is known as the analogy of the line (Republic, VI, 509d-511e), the notion that the whole of being is made up of a visible and an intelligible "realm" (not "world"). Thus, the allegory depicts the process that allows us to raise from the approximate knowledge of the visible realm through our senses to the clearer knowledge of the intelligible realm through our reason ("logos" in Greek).
To do justice to Plato and to do away with the notion that he was dreaming for the philosopher of a life devoted to contemplating an eerie "world of pure ideas" from an ivory tower away from the sound and the fury with no care for what is going on in the city around, it is of the utmost importance to realize that the story doesn't end with the freed prisonner reaching the top of the hill and contemplating the sun, but continues with his return into the cave where he tries to enlighten his fellow-prisonners at the risk of his own life. Indeed, as I try to explain in the Introduction to Plato and his Dialogues I wrote for the EAWC site at Evansville, Plato's motivations and goals were political all along and he himself makes fun of the "philosopher" who falls in a ditch while looking at the stars in the "caricature" of philosopher he puts in the mouth of Socrates for his friend Theodorus of Cyrene, the scientist, in the Theætetus, 173c-175b (though most scholars would not admit that this picture of a philosopher is a caricature along the lines of what Theodorus sees as the proper behavior for a "philosopher" or "scientist", not the picture of what Plato sees as the true philosopher).
For more on the allegory of the cave, its place in the general organisation of the Republic and its relationship with the story of Gyges (Republic, I, 359d-360b) at the beginning of the dialogue and the myth of Er (Republic, X, 614b-621b) at the end, see the pages of this site on the plans of the Republic and on the ring of Gyges.
Back to index of frequently asked questions about Plato<|endoftext|>As South Africa races against the clock to fill an electricity supply gap of some 2 000MW between 2019 and 2022, gas-to-power projects will play a significant role.
Government’s recently launched risk mitigation independent power producer procurement programme (RMIPPPP) has stirred the interest of a number of private players in the gas-to-power sector, according to Nicola Rump, principal environmental scientist at SRK Consulting.
“While the longer-established renewable energy independent power producer procurement programme (REIPPPP) is delivering considerable results in solar and wind energy generation, we are now seeing an exciting start in exploring the potential of gas in South Africa’s energy mix,” says Rump.
She notes that the field of gas-fired generation in the country has previously seen little activity from private developers. This was now changing fast, as the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy prepares to begin evaluating RMIPPPP project bids by the end of 2020. With South Africa’s power system being so constrained, government is wanting these projects to start feeding the national grid by mid-2022. SRK is currently conducting a number of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for gas-to-power projects in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.
Key aspects of the planning process for these projects, she says, include EIAs and related licencing requirements. Within the tight timeframes envisaged, these need to be carefully managed to avoid becoming stumbling blocks.
It also requires that a significant amount of work must be completed before the application is actually lodged with the regulator. “Gas-to-power projects need to submit a final scoping study to the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), and this must be approved before the EIA phase can begin,” Rump says. “Once the final environmental impact report (EIR) has been submitted, DEFF would decide on the conditions applying to the authorisation.”
While an important attraction of gas is its lower carbon footprint than coal, South Africa’s dominant fuel source for energy, it is not without its environmental impacts. These include carbon emissions, for which projects would require an air emission license before proceeding.
“Climate change impacts are also becoming an increasingly important consideration in these assessments,” said Rump, “especially in the light of South Africa’s commitments to global climate change and greenhouse gas emission agreements – and its emission reduction targets.”
Other impacts include noise and traffic, as well as effects on the marine ecology of those projects requiring marine infrastructure. Currently, gas-to-power projects tend to be close to ports to facilitate the supply chain from sea-borne liquified natural gas (LNG).
She noted that current projects will have to overcome South Africa’s lack of gas pipeline infrastructure, basing their viability on LNG sources being shipped in. Among the advantages of developing a fledgling gas-to-power sector through the RMIPPPP is that this would contribute to the growth of local gas markets – helping pave the way for the installation of costly gas infrastructure. This is turn would hopefully reduce the cost of gas as a fuel and spur the uptake of this cleaner fuel in South Africa’s energy landscape.
The technology group Wärtsilä will convert the close to 90 MW Bel-Air power plant in Dakar, Senegal to operate on…
Financial close heralds start of construction of a modern state-of-the-art Liquefied Petroleum Gas cylinder manufacturing plant. Bluedrop expected to create 110…
For 50 years hydrogen has been championed as a clean-burning gas that could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The idea of a…<|endoftext|>- Condividi via e-mail
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AU significa Universo alternativo.
È usato per caratterizzare fanwork che cambiano uno o più elementi del canone dei lavori di origine. Il termine più spesso si riferisce alla fanfiction, ma il fanart può anche rappresentare i personaggi in UA.
A differenza della normale fanfiction, che rimane generalmente entro i confini del canone definito dall'autore, gli scrittori di narrativa universali alternativi amano esplorare le possibilità di cambiamenti cardine apportati alla storia, alle motivazioni o all'ambiente dei personaggi.
Per esempio; Percy Jackson ma sono in collage. Quindi, sarà un Collage AU. Non avrà nulla a che fare con la storia originale. Nessun dio greco. Nessun titano. Niente guerre Proprio gli stessi personaggi in collage.<|endoftext|>Here is the tip for this week's Photo Desk assignment.
Movement can be a tricky thing to capture in a photograph. Do you use a slow shutter speed to add some blur? What about panning with the subject? Here are some tips on how to capture motion.
- Using a slow shutter and staying stationary will cause anything that's moving in your frame to become blurry. This tells your viewer that the object is moving. Minimize camera shake by using a tripod or bracing yourself against something sturdy. You can also bring both your elbows into your chest to create your own tripod.
- Use a slow shutter speed and pan with your subject. This will cause the background to blur while your subject stays relatively sharp. This can have many different outcomes depending on how fast you pan and how much your subject is moving.
- Using a slow shutter speed while you move, like when shooting from a car, train, skateboard, etc. This will give the reader the feeling that they're moving with you.<|endoftext|>Father Junipero Serra, founder of the Franciscan missions in California, was born in the island of Majorca about the year 1712. When only a little boy he became one of the choristers in the convent of San Bernardino. At the age of sixteen he received the habit of Saint Francis, and, laying aside his baptismal name of Miguel Josef, took that of Junipero, after one of the early members of the order whose wonderful charity and simplicity of character led Saint Francis to exclaim: “Would that I had a whole forest of such Junipers!” In the convent were three other novices, named Palon, Verger, and Crespi, with whom he formed a life long friendship. They were all alike filled with zeal for the salvation of souls, and longed to devote themselves to the work of foreign missions. Again and again did they petition to be sent to New Spain, but were as often disappointed. But at last, in 1749, they were allowed to join a band of missionaries about to saii from Cadiz. Father Palon, in his memoir of Father Junipero, gives many interesting details of their voyage to Vera Cruz, which lasted ninety-nine days. The vessel came near being wrecked in a storm. The provisions and water fell short, and they were threatened with starvation. But Father Junipero evinced no fear. He cheered his fellow-passengers with psalms and exhortations, and every morning said Mass for their safety. He enlivened them, too, with his quiet humor, telling them gravely he had discovered that the secret of keeping free from thirst was to eat little and to speak less! At last they arrived at port and then proceeded to the city of Mexico, where Father Junipero and his three companions took up their residence at the college of San Fernando. Here they spent nineteen years, preaching in the country round. But when the Jesuit missions of Lower California were suppressed in 1767 the Spanish undertook to establish some colonies along the Pacific coast, and sixteen Franciscans were chosen to found missions there. Among these were Father Junipero and two of his friends – Fathers Palon and Orespi. Father Verger remained at San Fernando. They were overjoyed to be sent on this mission. Father Junipero could not speak for his tears. All their lives they had longed to labor among the Indians, and now their wishes were to be realized.
Many of the Spanish colonists were no less fervent in religion than brave as soldiers. Don Josef de Galvez, who organized the expedition, declared his chief purpose was to establish the Catholic religion among the savages plunged in the gross darkness of heathenism. He packed the vestments and sacred vessels for the churches with his own hands. Part of the colonists went by land, and part by water with the supplies, seeds of all kinds, and two hundred head of cattle. Father Junipero, in his ardor, insisted on going by land, though still suifering from an injury received twenty years before in walking from Vera Cruz to Mexico. Galvez tried to dissuade him from going, but he declared he “would rather die than not go. The Lord would carry him through.” But his pain so increased that on the second day he could no longer walk or sit, or even sleep, and he refused to be carried in a litter. Summoning one of the muleteers, he asked him for a remedy. “What do I know, father?” said the man; “I can only cure beasts.” “Then look upon me as a beast,” replied Father Junipero, “and apply the same remedy.” Thereupon the muleteer prepared an ointment of herbs, which he applied with such good effect that the father slept all night, rose early to say Matins and Mass, and continued on the journey with comparative ease. But the wound troubled him all the rest of his life. He accepted it as a cross, would not attempt any radical cure, and even increased it by long journeys with his feet bare.
After a long and hazardous journey they arrived at their place of destination, and 16 July 1769, founded the mission of San Diego by setting up a cross facing the ocean and singing the Veni Creator Spiritus. Then Mass was celebrated in a bower of reeds and green branches, with “a discharge of firearms for music and the smoke of muskets for incense.” By the next winter the provisions ran low; many of the colonists died from fatigue and insufficient food. Father Junipero himself was dangerously ill. An order was issued to abandon the mission and 20 March fixed for their departure, in spite of the entreaties of Father Junipero. He betook himself to prayer night and day, and on Saint Joseph’s day celebrated High Mass with uncommon devotion. Before noon a sail was seen on the horizon. It then disappeared, but their courage was revived. Four days later the San Antonio arrived with plenteous stores to relieve their distress.
Father Junipero, who was at the head of the missions, at once set sail for Monterey, where he met Father Crespi, who had gone by land, and 1 June 1770, a cross was erected and Mass said under an oak still standing near the fort, in the same spot where it had been offered one hundred and sixty-seven years before by Padre Viscayno and his Carmelite monks. In this way he founded nine missions one after another: San Diego, 16 July 1769; San Carlos at Monterey, 3 June 1770; San Antonio, 14 July 1771; San Gabriel, 8 September 1771; San Luis Obispo, 1 September 1772; San Francisco (Dolores), 9 October 1776; San Juan Capistrano, 1 November 1776; Santa Clara, 18 January 1777; San Buenaventura, 31 March 1782.
But these missions were only established by dint of great hardships and perseverance. Father Junipero was the main spring of the work. Nothing daunted his courage or diminished his powers of endurance. He yearned over the souls of the Indians as brands to be snatched from the burning. He was ready to lay down his life for them. To baptize one soul filled him with joy unspeakable. When hostile Indians attacked the mission of San Diego, burned the buildings, and murdered one of the fathers, he exclaimed: “Thank God, the seed of the Gospel is now watered by a martyr’s blood!” He began at once to rebuild the houses, working with his own hands, and took a long journey to Mexico to obtain assistance. For this purpose he walked two hundred and forty miles, attended only by an Indian boy. They fell ill at Guadalajara and received the last sacraments, but recovered and continued on their way. At Mexico he received ample supplies, and with a joyful heart prepared to return. He kissed the feet of the friars at San Fernando and begged their blessing, saying they would see his face no more.
After establishing the missions of San Diego and Monterey he went south with a train of soldiers and mules, and, coming to a beautiful valley shaded by oaks and watered by a broad river, he halted, hung up the bells he had brought on the branch of a tree, and began to ring them with all his might, crying: “Give ear, O ye gentiles! Come to the holy Church! Come to the faith of Jesus Christ!” No one was in sight, but his prophetic eye saw the thousands of souls that would here be garnered in, and he rang on till an Indian at last appeared, filled with astonishment. Here he founded the mission of San Antonio, which proved to be one of the
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means child, and nin means lady or queen. Lagas is just the city we call Lagash. Now at the end of this little phrase, we see something interesting: two little .ak particles! What could this mean? Well, just like in English, where you can say the son of the neighbor of the chairman of the board of the company, in Sumerian we can string multiple genitives together as well. In Sumerian, though, we unravel multiple genitive constructions from inside out, so we might read this example as:
- dumu nin Lagas.ak.ak = dumu [nin [Lagas.ak].ak] = [the child of [the queen of Lagash]] = the child of the queen of Lagash
Nothing really new, we just put two genitive constructions back to back. You should probably have the idea by now, so we'll see if you can follow along with a little quick quiz.
Make sure you understand what the following little phrases mean. If you're having trouble, you can hover over the text to get a translation.
- . .
Dropping the final 'k'Edit
This is all well and good, and on paper everything looks good. But what about on clay tablets? Well, it turns out that an often seen feature of spoken Sumerian was dropping phrase-final sounds off of case particles. Don't be scared by how technical that sounds - it happens in English, too! At least in America, we have a tendency to drop the final 'g' from the '-ing' suffix, so we might pronounce 'going' as 'goin', or 'digging' as 'diggin'. Simple, right? Just drop a final sound from a particle.
In this case, the Sumerian genitive, our particle is .ak, and hence ends in a /k/ sound. In real written Sumerian, we often see phrases like lugal Urim.ak actually written as lu-gal Urim-ma, with no written acknowledgment of the final /k/ sound from the genitive particle.
But don't worry! It turns out that much of the time you'll find another case particle tacked on to the end of a genitive phrase, in which case the /k/ sound is in fact pronounced. For instance, if our phrase above were in the ergative case (which is kind of like the subject of a transitive sentence, more later), then we would add the particle .e to the end of the phrase, so we would have lugal Urim.ak.e, which would be written lu-gal Urim-ma-ke, with a pronounced /k/.
Even if you don't have other clues like this, you'll quickly see that context will normally erase any ambiguity in translation.<|endoftext|>An interesting map, most likely printed in 1845, showing the United States just before the annexation of Texas and the … See more The United States, The Relative Position of The Oregon & Texas and California
Julius Hutawa was a lithographer and printer based out of St. Louis, Missouri. He specialized in making maps for western … See more Map of Mexico and California
This 1849 map perhaps the first map made using the lithographic process to show the Republic of Texas. Printed by Philippe Vandermaelen … See more Amerique Septentrionale
Joseph Hutchins Colton’s 1849 map is one of the most accurate of the period that was printed to satisfy the … See more Map of California, Oregon, Texas, and the Territories Adjoining
This map by Professor James Hall is one of the first geological maps of Western United States and Mexico. Based … See more Map Illustrating the General Geological Features of the Country West of the Mississippi River
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The original city of Velasco was founded in Brazoria County, Texas, in 1831. Velasco was destroyed by a hurricane in … See more Map of the United States, Mexico and Central America, showing the City of Velasco, Texas
Anson Mills, after failing out at West Point in 1857, settled in El Paso, Texas, where be was hired by … See more Situacion de la Linea Divisoria entre Mexico y Los Estados Unidos<|endoftext|>Stephen Chbosky'ın kendi kitabından uyarladığı ve yönettiği The Perks of Being a Wallflower filminden ilk fragman geldi. Filmin başrollerinde Emma Watson, Logan Lerman, Ezra Miller ve Nina Dobrev gibi son dönemin genç yıldızları var. Mtv Ödül Töreni'nde yayınlanan fragmana filmin yıldızlarıda törene katılarak eşlik etti.Bir Emma Watson hayranı olduğum için haliyle filmi merakla bekliyorum. Film ABD'de 14 Eylül'de vizyona girecek. Ülkemizin gösterim tarihi ise henüz belli değil.<|endoftext|>فعل-مادۀماضی-مادۀ مضارع
فعل-مادۀماضی-مادۀ مضارع.گفتیم که مادۀ فعل جزئی از آن است که در همۀ صیغه ها یکسان می ماند و تغییر نمی پذیرد. اکنون می گوییم که در زبان فارسی هر فعل دو مادۀ مختلف دارد، و با هر یک از این دو ماده یک دسته از صیغه های فعل ساخته می شود.
برای مثال فعل «نوشتن»را در نظر می گیریم.برخی از صیغه هایی که از این فعل ساخته می شود از این قرار است:
نوشتم می نویسم
می نوشتم بنویسم
نوشته ام بنویس
نوشته باشم
نوشته بودم
چنان که می بینیم این صیغه ها به دو دسته تقسیم شده اند. در دستۀ اول جزئی که ثابت است و تغییر نمی کند نوشت است و در دسته ی دوم نویس است.اما صیغه های ستون اول یعنی صیغه هایی که جزء ثابت آنها نوشت است بر زمان گذشته دلالت می کند و صیغه های ستون دوم یعنی صیغه هایی که جزء ثابت آنها نویس است زمان حال و آینده را می سازند.
پس ماده ی صیغه های دسته ی نخستین را ماده ی ماضی و ماده ی صیغه های دسته دوم را ماده ی مضارع می نامیم.
در زبان فارسی هر فعلی دو ماده دارد:
یکی ماده ی ماضی و دیگری ماده ی مضارع.همه ی صیغه هایی که بر زمان گذشته دلالت می کند از ماده ی ماضی ساخته می شود،و صیغه هایی که معنی حال و آینده از آنها بر می آید ماده ی مضارع مشتق است.
هر صیغه ی فعل که بر شخصی در زمان معینی دلالت می کند از ترکیب یکی از دو ماده ی فعل با جزء تغییرپذیر یعنی شناسه ساخته می شود. در بعضی صیغه ها گاه جزء سومی به نام جزء پیشین به آغاز فعل افزوده می شود.اجزایی که در اول فعل های فارسی در می آید دو است:یکی می و دیگری ب . در صیغه ی می رفتم یک ماده ی فعل هست:یک شناسه:م .یک جزء پیشین :می.
در صیغه ی بنویسی نیز همین سه جزء است:
نویس=ماده
ی=شناسه
ب=جزء پیشین
جزء پیشین جزئی است که به اول ماده ی فعل افزوده می شود.<|endoftext|>Photo: Eprah1 (flickr)
Humans may be one of the smartest animals on the planet, but when it comes to remembering where things are, Clark’s nutcrackers have us beat.
A relative of jays and crows, nutcrackers hide pine seeds in the ground each autumn so they have a source of food during the Colorado Rocky Mountain winter. They cache as many as 30,000 seeds in 5,000 different locations over a fifteen square mile area. Since they cannot smell the seeds buried in the soil very well, they must use their remarkable spatial memory to find them.
Nutcrackers are not the only animals that cache food. Caching behavior is seen in birds, mammals and even insects. Chickadees store collections of seeds, insects and spiders in the bark of trees or under leaves. Red squirrels cut conifer cones from trees and bury them in plant litter on the forest floor. Harvester ants bring seeds back to their nests and store them in chambers, while honey bees save nectar and pollen in their hive.
Because nutcrackers are one of the best at remembering cache locations, researchers are studying them to find out why they have such great memories. Scientists know that the nutcracker’s abilities evolved because of environmental pressure. Nutcrackers with poor memories did not likely survive the harsh mountain winters. Now researchers want to find out how the brains of nutcrackers are different from other brains. They are particularly interested in the hippocampus, a small area of the brain that helps form memories. Finding out how the nutcracker’s brain is different from other species may give us clues to why humans have memory problems. It may even lead to a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.<|endoftext|>The Schwenkfelders, a group of people who followed the teachings of Caspar Schwenkfeld, came to America from Silesia (at the time Silesia was part of Germany, currently it is part of Poland) to flee religious persecution. Because they were unwilling to conform to the Catholic, or Lutheran, teachings, they were persecuted in Silesia. From 1580-1799 they were put in prisons, taken to Vienna forced to work in the trenches and chained to the galleys to serve in the war against the Turks. In later years, they were forced to bury their dead in the driftways where the cattle were gathered, with no ceremony, and no relatives or friends permitted to attend the burial. One prisoner wrote ""One would crawl away from such a Christianity if one could not run."
There was a brief reprieve in their persecution during the 30 year war, 1618-48, while attentions were diverted to the war. But the reprieve did not last.
In 1725 an edict was granted that all of the Schwenkenfeld children must be catechized, or they would be removed from their families and placed in Catholic homes. Faced with losing their children, the Schwenkfelders began to plan their escape.
First they traveled to Saxony, and for 7 years they enjoyed peace under the protection of Count Zinzendorf. The Count wanted to form one unified church with the Moravians and Schwenkfelders, among others, but the groups preferred to meet on their own in private homes. On July 17 1732 the Austrian Empire requested information on the Schwenkfelds from the Count, and he was ordered to remove no one else from their empire. On April 4, 1733, the Count was advised by an official of the Saxon government that the Schwenkfelders could no longer be protected. They Saxon government gave them one year to prepare for departure.
"Meanwhile, in 1730 and 1731, three sons of one of several Schultz families had ventured forth from Saxony to Holland to engage in the saffron trade. One went to the Dutch East Indies, one remained in Holland, and the third went to Pennsylvania. In 1733 the remaining members of the family also migrated to Pennsylvania. Accounts of their safe arrival and entire satisfaction came back to the group in Saxony. Pennsylvania now seemed to be their definite goal. Count Zinzendorf and the Moravians became interested in a colony in Georgia, and the Schwenkfelders were willing to consider Georgia as a possibility, but their conditions were not met and the project fell through.
Having secured permission from the English government to settle in Pennsylvania, the Schwenkfelders started on their journey. . On April 20, 1734, the first family left Saxony on thetrek to the Elbe River, fifty or more miles westward. They had been advised not to travel in one body for fear of attracting attention. Emigration was looked upon with disfavor. Moreover, their former persecutors in Silesia might intercept them. Other family groups followed daily, at intervals, for eight days until forty families numbering 180 individuals had arrived at Pirna on the Elbe, above Dresden. When all had assembled there, they embarked on the same day on boats for Hamburg-Altona where Mennonite merchants, the Van der Smissen family, to whom the Schwenkfelders had been commended by their erstwhile Holland benefactors, provided food and lodging gratis for eleven days, engaged three sailing vessels, and paid for their passage to Holland.
On the North Sea a violent storm separated the vessels. Each feared the others lost, but all arrived safely. In Haarlem another merchant family, van Buissant, entertained them for fifteen days, engaged an English sailing vessel (the St. Andrew, John Stedman, Captain) to convey them across the Atlantic. They also lavished upon them provisions for the voyage, gave them money for the poor when they reached Pennsylvania, and paid the passage thither for the whole group, in spite of the Schwenkfelders' grateful protest.
On June 28, 1734, they sailed from Rotterdam. Palatines swelled the number of passengers on board to three hundred. A diary of the entire journey, written by Christopher Schultz, an orphan sixteen years of age, relates that at one point the vessel lay still for a long while in a great calm. At another time a violent storm dashed the waves over the side of the ship, drenching their bedding and baggage. Their books, still preserved, show the water stains. Death took nine of their number: six little children, a young man of twenty years, a young mother, and an aged grandmother.
The bodies were weighted and committed to the sea.
The St. Andrew docked at Philadelphia, September 22 (New Style), 1734. The captain's list of passengers is preserved in the Schwenkfelder Library, Pennsburg, Pennsylvania. On the 23rd all males sixteen years of age and over were required to promise allegiance to the King of Great Britain and to the Proprietor of the Province. This document with signatures appended is also preserved.
On the following day, September 24, George Weiss, their spiritual leader, conducted an all-day Thanksgiving Service., This day of Remembrance and Thanksgiving has been observed by the Schwenkfelders in Pennsylvania annually to the present time, at first in their log-cabin homes and barns, or under the open sky, if weather permitted; later in their school and meeting houses; and latterly in their modern church edifices. This day has never been vulgarized by feasting. It is observed as a day of worship, thanksgiving, remembrance, spiritual edification, and new vision. The vast and intriguing panorama of the New World now lay stretched out before them. Like panting deer who have escaped the hunter's missiles, the little company separated and scattered into Penn's Woods. Unable to acquire a large tract of land whereon all of them could settle in close proximity to each other, the individual families settled in different localities, wherever smaller tracts were available, within a radius of about fifty miles northwestward of Philadelphia in what are now the counties of Montgomery, Bucks, Berks, and Lehigh; at Germantown, ChestnutHill, Towamencin, Skippack, Frederick, Goshenhoppen, Milford, Macungie, and Oley. In 1767, David Schultz, a surveyor, drafted two maps showing the location of the different families. These he sent to the friends and relatives who had remained in Silesia. The same maps were found in the parish house in old Harpersdorf and brought back in 1919 to the Schwenkfelder Library in Pennsburg,
built on land originally owned by the surveyor." - from the Schwenkfelders in PA by Schultz
The Schwenkfelders In Pennsylvania by Selena Schultz
The Schwenkfelders, A Historical Sketch by Hedrick
Schwenkfelder Marriages (Including Cake Recipe)
The Schwenkdenfelders & Apple Butter
The Schwenkfelder Library & History Center
The Schwenkfelder Exile Society
(Through Dan's Paternal Lines)
The Brown/Truckenmiller Connection to the Schwenkfelders:Beyer Line to Thelma Clara (Brown) Truckenmiller
Yeakel Line to Thelma Clara (Brown) Truckenmiller
Kreibel Line to Thelma Clara (Brown) Truckenmiller
Anders Line to Thelma Clara Brown
David Yeakel 1762-1820 married Anna Kreibel 1766-1841Maria Yeakel 1791-1854 married Daniel HeinThelma Brown married Ward Welsh TruckenmillerCharles "Fred" Truckenmiller married Patsy Ann Smith
" The Schwenkfelders endured years of oppression. Enslaved on ships, jailed, fined and put in stocks, they were not allowed freedom of worship sporadically for 150 years. Persecution sometimes came from Lutherans or Catholics, and often from government officials. The Schwenkfelders were subject to changes in the political climate, which were frequent and severe.By 1700, all Schwenkfelders were living the village of Harpersdorf and the surrounding area. Two Jesuit priests were sent to the region in 1719 to convert them to Roman Catholicism by order of the Emperor. At first, the priests imposed a few rules, but they soon found that the Schwenkfelder spirit was not easy to break and persecution intensified. Prohibition of Schwenkfelder burials on consecrated ground was among the sanctions exacted by the Jesuits. The Schwenkfelders instead were forced to bury their dead in potters' fields outside Harpersdorf. The Jesuits did not allow any of the Schwenkfelders to sell their property and leave town.
In the early 1720s appeals were made in Vienna for toleration,but were rejected. By 1726, many of the families were desperate to escape. Their leaders secretly contacted Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf in Berthelsdorf, Saxony, for shelter. Four years before, Zinzendorf had provided a home to the Moravians, another Protestant sect. Beginning in February 1726 and continuing into the following months, families quietly crept from their homes in Harpersdorf at night. Over 500 of the faithful would take this fateful path. They fled with only the clothes on their backs and a few hand carried items, across the border to Saxony and their unknown future.
They decided to settle in Pennsylvania, already home to German immigrants and others seeking religious freedom. They arrived at the port of Philadelphia in six migrations from 1731 to 1737. The largest group of Schwenkfelders set sail on the St. Andrew from Haarlem, Holland in June, 1734. After a grueling and often tragic voyage, they landed at Philadelphia on September 22, 1734. On the following day, the Schwenkfelder men over age 16 took an oath of allegiance to the British crown, either by signing the oath or by a handshake. George Weiss, a self-educated Schwenkfelder pastor, held the first Day of Remembrance, or Gedächtnestag, on September 24. Each year on the
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persuaded the Israelis to withdraw partially from the Sinai in deference to the political realities created by the oil crisis.
Realpolitik is distinct from ideological politics in that it is not dictated by a fixed set of rules, but instead tends to be goal-oriented, limited only by practical exigencies. Since Realpolitik is ordered toward the most practical means of securing national interests, it can often entail compromising on ideological principles. For example, during the Cold War, the United States often supported authoritarian regimes that were human rights violators, in order to theoretically secure the greater national interest of regional stability. After the end of Cold War this practice continued.
Most recently, former ambassador Dennis Ross advocated this approach to foreign policy in his 2007 book Statecraft: And How to Restore America's Standing in the World. For the purposes of contrast, and speaking in ideal types, political ideologues would tend to favor principle over other considerations. Such individuals or groups can reject compromises which they see as the abandonment of their ideals, and so may sacrifice political gain in favor of adhering to principles they believe to be constitutive of long-term goals.
Examples of Realpolitik in other countries
Mao Zedong's Three Worlds Theory is described as Realpolitik by his critics, including Enver Hoxha, who point out that it was not based on a strong ideological grounding, being used only to justify China's alignment with the West rather than the Soviet Union.
Kenneth Paul Tan of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy states:
"Chua Beng Huat (1997) argued that the rhetoric of pragmatism in Singapore is ideological and hegemonic in nature, adopted and disseminated in the public sphere by the People's Action Party (PAP) government and institutionalized throughout the state in all its administrative, planning and policy-making functions. By doggedly describing itself as pragmatic, the Singapore state is actually disguising its ideological work and political nature through an assertion of the absence of ideology and politics. Chan Heng Chee (1975) earlier described Singapore as a depoliticized "administrative state", where ideology and politics had triumphantly been replaced by rational and scientific modes of public administration."
"The PAP government has taken pains to present its principles of meritocracy and pragmatism as a viable alternative to liberal democracy and multi-party competition, sometimes by drawing from a specious notion of Confucian values and Asian culture to construct ideological bulwarks - like "Asian democracy" - against the criticisms of the so-called liberal West. By crediting meritocracy and pragmatism for creating the right conditions for economic success, the PAP government has been able not only to justify its (liberal) democratic deficit, but also to produce ideological resources and a structure of authorization for the maintenance of a one-party dominant regime. In "pragmatic" terms, Singapore's considerable economic success is justification enough for its authoritarian means."
"A major source for this legitimizing work has, therefore, been pragmatism, a complex and dynamic ideological formation through which different and not necessarily compatible meanings are articulated hegemonically. Its internal contradictions make it inherently fragile, particularly in practice."
"The pragmatist in Lee Kuan Yew displayed contempt for the rigid and uncompromising pursuit of ideals, high principles and timeless values. He regarded this as a debased quality associated with childish naivete, the academic ivory tower built from elaborate concepts and theories, the unrealistic expectations of the inexperienced, the quixotic ramblings of the irresponsible of the egotism and hypocrisy of high-mindedness. Politically, this- at times boorish -dismissal of ideals has been useful to the PAP government for deflecting cricism or opposition based on specific ideals, such as freedom, equality, democracy and human rights, even if some of these ideals are represented in national symbols and foundational rhetoric like the pledge. Opposition parties that canvas on the platform of making Singapore a more genuine multiparty democracy in practice are described as being out of touch with that the people are really interested in - the "bread-and-butter" issues - or else as stooges of foreign interests who hope to see Singapore fail (Chee 2001). Foreign and local critics who wish for more accountability and transparency in the business of government - even if they tactically avoid framing them in liberal democratic language - are dismissed as uninformed about or insensitive to Singapore's special circumstances which render such ideals irrelevant, unsuitable and even dangerous
"Anti-Utopian pragmatism dismisses the social, cultural and political value of being able to imagine alternative realities and better worlds, and to formulate strategies of transitioning from the status quo to these better realities and worlds. Chan and Evers (1978) argue that the PAP government of newly independent Singapore - in spite of its own social democratic party foundations -rejected a "progressive identity" based on ideological and Utopia foundations such as socialism, in favor of an "ideology of pragmatism." In fact, in response to criticism from other social democratic parties around the world, the PAP leadership put together a highly polemical book of essays in 1976 defending their "socialism that works" - a supposedly pragmatic approach that was consistent with a non-communist and democratic Singapore (Nair, 1976)
"Pragmatists are willing to adopt any means as long as the ends are successfully achieved through these means. The ends justify the means, is the basic principle behind Singapore's results-orientated policies and decisions. Often, this means that the focus is on exercising technical and instrumental reason to formulate and implement solutions, while the outcomes and goals are kept beyond the horizon of critical reason."
"One implication of this is that the most important public administrators will be economists or those who think like economists, involving choices based on a calculus of cost and benefit, and assuming that people will respond rationally to reward and threat. A second implication is that public administrators should be selected, deployed and promoted on the basis of their mastery over the tools and techniques of policy making; they should approach policy making as technocratic problem-solvers whose job is to provide seemingly "value-free" technical solutions, and not to get mired in metaphysics and ethical questioning. When combined with an attitude among the elite that Ezra Vogel (1989) described as "macho-meritocracy," this technical mastery that many policy makers believe they firmly possess often translates into an arrogant intolerance of alternative views expressed by the general public and even independent experts whose opinions, they also believe, should count for less since they cannot see the "big picture." A third implication is that value-neutral technocrats may find that they may have to dress up their policies with ideals, values and principles that enjoy popular appeal, in order to gain widespread acceptance of these policies and to ensure their successful implementation. This pick-and-choose approach to policy making has extended beyond the use of economic tools, as Ian Austin (2001) argues, to the appropriation of culture as political-economic resource. Culture can be seen as a synthetic technology for capitalism that motivates, supports and justifies the desired productive and consuming behaviors. It is pragmatism, then, that explains the government's interest in constructing and re-constructing an official culture and value system - a Singapore "ideology" as it were. They do this by appropriating "Western values" such as rugged individualism and "Asian values" such as thrift, diligence, group orientation and respect for authority that are imagined and strategically drawn up to describe the ideal Singapore worker-consumer-citizen. The state also excluides unsuitable values, such as "Asian" surreptitiousness, Confucian contempt for merchants and soldiers..."
Relation to realism
Realpolitik is related to the philosophy of political realism, and both suggest working from the hypothesis that it is chiefly based on the pursuit, possession, and application of power. (See also power politics) Realpolitik, however, is a prescriptive guideline limited to policy-making (like foreign policy), while realism is a descriptive paradigm, a wider theoretical and methodological framework, aimed at describing, explaining and, eventually, predicting events in the international relations domains.
- Otto von Bismarck
- Cardinal Richelieu
- Henry Kissinger
- Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force
- Niccolò Machiavelli
- Power politics
- Realism in international relations
- Haslam, Jonathan (2002). No Virtue Like Necessity: Realist Thought in International Relations since Machiavelli. London: Yale University Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-300-09150-8.
- von Rochau, Ludwig. Grundsätze der Realpolitik angewendet auf die staatlichen Zustände Deutschlands.
- Bew, John (2014). Real Realpolitik: A History. Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
- Davies, Robert William "Edward Hallett Carr, 1892-1982" pages 473-511 from Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 69, 1983 page 477.
- Byrnes, Sholto. "Time to Rethink Realpolitik". New Statesman. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- DeConde, Alexander et al., ed. (2001). "Dictatorships". Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, Volume 1. Simon & Schuster. p. 499. ISBN 9780684806570.
- Adams, Francis (2003). Deepening democracy: global governance and political reform in Latin America. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. ISBN 9780275979713.
- McMahon, Robert J. (1999). The limits of empire: the United States and Southeast Asia since World War II. Columbia University Press. p. 205. ISBN 9780231108805.
- Grandin & Joseph, Greg & Gilbert (2010). A Century of Revolution. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 397–414.
- Chick, Kristen (14 May 2012). "US resumes arms sales to Bahrain. Activists feel abandoned". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- Josh Rogin. "America's Allies Are Funding ISIS". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
- "US support for human rights abroad: The case of Saudi Arabia". CSMonitor.com. 2014-01-28. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
- "5 dictators the U.S. still supports". The Week. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
- Chua, Beng-Huat (1995). Communitarian ideology and democracy in Singapore (Repr. 1996. ed.). London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 9780415120548.
- Tan, Kenneth Paul (February 2012). "The Ideology of Pragmatism: Neo-liberal Globalisation and Political Authoritarianism in Singapore". Journal of Contemporary Asia 42 (1): 67–92. doi:10.1080/00472336.2012.634644.
- Juan, Chee Soon (2001). Your future, my faith, our freedom : a democratic blueprint for Singapore. Singapore: Open Singapore Centre. ISBN 9810446500.
- Evers, edited by Hans-Dieter (1980). Sociology of South-East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195804090.
- Austin, Ian Patrick (2001). Pragmatism and public policy in East Asia : origins, adaptations, and developments. Singapore: Fairmont Internat. ISBN 9810433956.
- John Bew: "The Real Origins of Realpolitik", The National Interest, 2014
- John Bew: "Real Realpolitik: A History", The John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress, April 10, 2014. Accessed July 29, 2014.
- David Robertson: The Routledge Dictionary of Politics. Routledge 2004. ISBN 978-0-415-32377-2, p. 420 (restricted online copy, p. 420, at Google Books)
- Hajo Holborn: History of Modern Germany: 1840-1945. Princeton University Press 1982, ISBN 978-0-691-00797-7, p. 117 (restricted online copy, p. 117, at Google Books)
- Ruth Weissbourd Grant: Hypocrisy and integrity: Machiavelli, Rousseau, and the ethics of politics. University of Chicago Press 1997, ISBN 978-0-226-30582-0, p. 40-41 (restricted online copy, p. 40, at Google Books)
- Frank Whelon Wayman (ed.), Paul Francis Diehl (ed.): Reconstructing Realpolitik. University of Michigan Press 1994, ISBN 978-0-472-08268-1 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
- Federico Trocini: L’invenzione della «Realpolitik» e la scoperta della «legge del potere». August Ludwig von Rochau tra radicalismo e nazional-liberalismo, il Mulino, Bologna 2009<|endoftext|>In a dark room, 3 blue hats and 2 green hats sit on a table. 3 people, 1 blind, enter the room. Each of the 3 people takes a hat random, without being able to see what colour they wear. The remaining 2 hats are taken out of the room.
The light is switched on and each person is asked to say whether they can guess the colour of the hat they are wearing.
– The first person says NO
– The second person, after the first one, says NO
– The blind person speaks last.
Which of the following sentences related to the blind man must be true?
1 – Probability his hat is blue is 60%
2 – He’s wearing a blue hat
3 – He’s wearing a green hat
4 – Probability his hat is green is 20%
Right answer is: 2) The blind man is wearing a blue hat
There are only seven possible combinations of hats using two green (G) and three blue (B) hats [notation is (FirstPerson,SecondPerson,BlindPerson)]:
(BGG) , (GBG) , (BBG) , (BGB) , (GGB) , (GBB) , (BBB)
Scenario 1 (BGG) : That is not possible. Indeed, since there are only two green hats, the first person would have seen the other two wear a green hat and would have known strainght away he was wearing a blue one.
Scenario 2 (GBG) : Similar to Scenario 1, thesecond person would have known he was wearing a blue hat. therefore this scenario is not possible.
Scenario 3 (BBG) : The second person knows that if he and the blind man had both been wearing green then the first one would have known he was wearing a blue hat and would therefore have answered “Yes”. Since the first person answered “No” and the blind man is wearing a green hat, then the second person would have known he was himself wearing a blue hat. Therefore this scenario is also not possible.
The remaining four scenarios are (BGB), (GGB), (GBB), (BBB), all of which have the blind man wearing a blue hat.
128 total views, 1 views today<|endoftext|>Kadın
Woman, 50 farklı ülkeden 2000 kadının ifadeleri ile kadın olmanın tasvirini yapıyor. Kadınların dünyada maruz kaldığı adaletsizlikleri gözler önüne seren filmin amacı kadınların yaşadığı sorunlara çözüp bulup cinsiyet arasında uzlaşma sağlamak. Annelik, eğitim, evlilik, cinsellik ve ekonomik bağımsızlık gibi farklı konulara değinilen filmde, insanlığın yarısını oluşturan kadınların samimi bir portresi sunuluyor.<|endoftext|>Akıllı telefonlardaki yavaşlık veya yavaş performans, aşınma ve yıpranmanın ortak göstergelerinden biridir. Ancak, aynı belirtileri zaten erken bir aşamada geçiren yepyeni telefonlar da var. Bu özellikle yazılımla birçok farklı faktörden dolayı mümkündür. Ortak tetikleyiciler arasında, kötü güncellemeler, hatalı uygulamalar, geçersiz ayarlar ve bazılarına isim vermek için bellek hataları sayılabilir. Neyse ki, bu tür sorunlar, donanım bileşenlerinin tümü iyi olduğu sürece bazı geçici çözümlerle düzeltilebilir.
Bu yazıda vurgulanan, Galaxy A6 2018 cep telefonu gibi yeni Android akıllı telefonlarında aynı sorunla ilgilenenler tarafından önerilen basit çözümler. Aynı sorunu zaten çok yavaş çalışan aynı cihazda yaşıyorsanız, bu yazı tam size göre. Daha fazlasını okuyun ve yavaş performans sorunuyla nasıl başa çıkacağınıza dair bazı girdiler edinin.
Devam etmeden önce, telefonunuzla ilgili bir soruna bir çözüm arıyorsanız, cihazınızı destekleyip desteklemediğimizi görmek için sorun giderme sayfalarımıza göz atmayı deneyin. Telefonunuz desteklenen cihazlarımızın listesinde bulunuyorsa, sorun giderme sayfasına gidin ve benzer sorunları arayın. Çözümlerimizi ve çözümlerimizi kullanmaktan çekinmeyin. Endişelenme, bedava. Ancak yine de yardımımıza ihtiyacınız varsa, Android sorunlu anketimizi doldurun ve bize ulaşmak için gönderiye basın.
içindekiler
- Çok yavaş çalışan Galaxy A6 2018 nasıl giderilir
- İlk çözüm: Tüm arka plan uygulamalarından çıkın ve sistemi yeniden başlatın.
- İkinci çözüm: Güvenli modda önyükleme yapın ve uygulamaları tanılayın.
- Üçüncü çözüm: Önbellek bölümünü silin.
- Dördüncü çözüm: Yazılımı en yeni Android sürümüne güncelleyin.
- Beşinci çözüm: Ana sıfırlama / fabrika verilerine sıfırlama.
- Diğer seçenekler
- Bizimle iletişime geçin
Tüm çalışan uygulamaları sonlandırdıktan sonra, önbelleği dosyaları dahili bellekten dökmek için telefonunuzu yeniden sıfırlayın / yeniden başlatın. İşte nasıl:
- Menü görünene kadar Güç düğmesine basın.
- Ardından, Güç Kapalı seçeneğine dokunun .
- 30 saniye sonra, cihaz yeniden başlayana kadar Güç düğmesine tekrar basabilirsiniz.
- Alternatif olarak, telefon yeniden başlatılana kadar aynı anda Güç düğmesine ve Yandaki Ses düğmesine basılı tutabilirsiniz.
Bu, dahili bellekte sakladığınız verileri etkilemez, dolayısıyla veri kaybına yol açmaz. Bu, önceden yedek oluşturmanıza gerek olmadığını söyledi.
İkinci çözüm: Güvenli modda önyükleme yapın ve uygulamaları tanılayın.
Tüm üçüncü taraf uygulamaları güvenli moddayken geçici olarak devre dışı bırakılır, böylece sorunun yerleşik uygulamalar veya üçüncü taraf uygulamalarıyla mı yalıtılmış olduğunu kolayca belirleyebilirsiniz. Galaxy A6 2018 akıllı telefonunuzdaki güvenli modu nasıl etkinleştireceğiniz aşağıda açıklanmıştır:
- Telefon titreşene kadar Güç düğmesini basılı tutun ve Samsung logosu belirir ve ardından Gü
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，然后在宽度文本框中修改长度大小。
可以看到字符串变量长度修改之后，输入刚刚12个字符的数据可以完整的显示出来。
四、小结
今天主要是给大家讲解了spss字符串和数字有什么区别 spss字符串显示不完整怎么办的问题，首先介绍了字符串和数字之间的区别，然后使用一个实例演示数据制作过程中产生数据不完整问题的解决措施。
作者：独行侠
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An outbreak of gastroenteritis Northern Europe is being caused by manmade climate change, according to a new study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change. Researchers said the warming of the Baltic Sea is offering the bacteria vibrio to thrive -- the first evidence of manmade climate change coinciding with the emergence of a bacterial infection.
Vibrios is a group of bacteria that typically grows in warm and tropical environments. It can cause a variety of illnesses in humans, ranging from gastroenteritis to cholera, according to the study.
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Researchers found that the number of infections from vibrio peaks with higher sea surface temperatures. Every year the sea surface temperature rose 1 degree, the number of vibrio infections rose nearly 200 percent.
"The big apparent increases that we've seen in cases during heatwave years tend to indicate that climate change is indeed driving infections," Craig Baker-Austin, study coauthor and researcher at the UK-based Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, told Reuters.
The Baltic Sea is an ideal place to study the effects of climate change on bacteria because its warming at a faster rate than almost anywhere else on the planet. Studies show the average rise in surface temperatures to be .17 degrees Celsius every decade between 1980 and 2010. However, the Baltic Sea increased approximately 6.3 degrees every decade over that same span.
"(It) represents, to our knowledge, the fastest warming marine ecosystem examined so far anywhere on Earth," researchers wrote in the study.
While becoming infection with vibrio is still uncommon, if climate change continues, the risk becomes exponentially greater, researchers said.
"Certainly the chances of getting a vibrio infection are considered to be relatively low, and more research is focused on areas where these diseases are endemic or at least more common," Baker-Austin said.
Vibrio has also appeared in Chile, Peru, Israel, the northwest U.S. Pacific and northwest Spain - places that are all warming rapidly, researchers said.
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Questa è la seconda apparizione in un prodotto tratto da fumetti per Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, che sarà impegnato nei panni di Black Manta nel film di Aquaman diretto da James Wan. L'attore è conosciuto anche per il suo ruolo di Cadillac, il gangster delle serie Netflix The Get Down, oltre ad aver recentemente recitato in The Handmaid’s Tale e in The Greatest Showman, il film nominato agli scorsi Premi Oscar.
Tra i lavori televisivi di Sara Vickers troviamo Endeavour, The Alienist, The Crown, Man Down e Privates. L'attrice è anche apparsa nei film Sunshine on Leith, Breaking, Thought for a Day, e Connect.
I membri del cast precedentemente annunciati sono Jeremy Irons, Regina King, Don Johnson, Tim Blake Nelson, Louis Gossett Jr., Adelaide Clemens, Andrew Howard, Tom Mison, Frances Fisher, e Jacob Ming-Trent.
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A series of instructions or recipes for manipulating data to achieve an end goal. We use programming languages such as Python or R to implement algorithms. Algorithms can include processes ranging from simple addition to extremely complex neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI is a solution that learns to recognize and react to patterns, emulating traditionally human tasks like understanding language, recommending business actions, and synthesizing large amounts of information. AI works best when it assists humans by learning very repetitive tasks that depend on large amounts of information.
Data should be used to derive actionable business intelligence. Our primary goal is to use data to contribute to business value. This is done through statistical analysis, data visualization/reporting, and machine learning.
An interactive data visualization or series of visualizations that allow stakeholders to explore various dimensions of data. We develop dashboards using tools such as Tableau or PowerBI with the goal of decipherability and ease of use such that the end user can independently drill into data details or explore high level summary information.
Data engineering involves planning, designing, and implementing information systems. This includes data storage as well as the pipelines that data scientists use to access and transform data.
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Data Lake vs Data Warehouse
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Yarım kilo ıspanağı ayıklayıp, iyice yıkayın. Ardından bıçak yardımı ile ince ince doğrayın.
Daha sonra derin bir kap içine doğradığınız ıspanakları koyun. Üzerine 1 adet ince ince doğranmış soğan ve az miktar tuz ekleyin. Eliniz ile yoğurarak, ıspanakları öldürün.
Diğer tarafta başka bir kap içine 2 adet yumurta kırın. Üzerine yarım su bardağı yoğurt, yarım çay bardağı zeytinyağı, 1 paket kabartma tozu ve 1 çay kaşığı tuz koyup, iyice karıştırın. Hazırladığınız yumurtalı karışımı öldürdüğünüz ıspanakların üzerine dökün. 1 su bardağı ufalanmış beyaz peynir ve 2-3 yemek kaşığı un ekleyip, iyice karıştırın.
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Hamursuz ıspanak böreği piştikten sonra fırından çıkartıp, 5 dakika kadar ılımaya bırakın. Daha sonra dilimleyerek, servis edebilirsiniz.
Afiyet olsun
Eline Sağlık Denemenin En Kolay Yolu :
Bu Tariflere de Göz Atmak İster misiniz?<|endoftext|>Recent research is confirming that bifidobacteria probiotic supplements have the ability to significantly boost immunity and decrease allergy symptoms during allergy season.
Tagged: common cold
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- 每秒20 M个样本的采样率，能对宽带信号进行可靠的连续及单次测量
- 时间选通和自由运行功率测量
- 8种预定义的无线配置（GSM、EDGE、NADC、iDEN、Bluetooth&trade、IS-95 CDMA、W-CDMA和cdma 2000）
E4416A P系列功率计 PDF<|endoftext|>A mound septic system is one of several different types of septic systems. Each septic system is designed to overcome certain environmental, soil or water problems where a conventional septic system is not preferred or does not meet local standards. A M
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از عمر مجلس هشتم اجرا خواهد شد.
آیت الله علی خامنه ای، رهبر ایران سال گذشته خورشیدی در جریان دیدار با نمایندگان، خواستار نظارت نمایندگان برعملکرد یکدیگر شده بود. رهبر ایران خطاب به نمایندگان مجلس گفته بود "باید یک ساز و کار نظارتی در مجلس تعریف کنید که اگر کسی در مقام نمایندگی کوتاهی یا سوء استفاده کرد، بتوانید او را مواخذه کنید."
نهمین دوره انتخابات مجلس شورای اسلامی قرار است در اسفند ماه سالجاری، برگزار شود و به نظر می رسد که برخی از نمایندگان با هدف جلب حمایت رای دهندگان و مقام های حکومتی دست به تصویب طرح ها و اقداماتی زده اند که زمینه تایید صلاحیت و شرکت آنها را در رقابت های انتخاباتی فراهم کند.<|endoftext|>مرور رده
از میان اخبار
قمشی رییس دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب در گفت و گو با کاوش؛
رییس دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز گفت: حوضه ی رودخانه ی دز به دلیل اینکه تنها یک سد دارد و حجم مفید همان سد نیز به نسبت حجم اولیه کاهش پیداکرده همچنین سیل بندهای آن تکمیل نشده است در صورت بروز سیل خطرساز می شود.
استاندار خوزستان در ارتباط مستقیم تلویزیونی به تشریح اخبار کرونایی خوزستان پرداخت.
معاون وزیر بهداشت تصریح کرد: کرونا از مدت ها قبل وارد ایران شده بود ولی ما دیر متوجه شدیم.
گزارش کاوش از ماجرای مسمومیت های الکلی به نقل از پرسنل بیمارستان امام، بیماران و همراهان آن ها؛
روز دوشنبه که در مراسم تولد بودم مقداری الکل مصرف کردم، با وجود اینکه الکل را از همان فردی که قبلا می گرفتیم تهیه کردیم اما برای اولین بار دچار حالت تهوع، سرگیجه و تاری دید شدم.
سرپرست دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اهواز جزییات و ابعاد مختلف بیماران کرونایی در استان خوزستان را تشریح و خواستار همکاری مردم برای کنترل این بیماری شد.
کرونا شوخی بردار نیست
اگر امروز تصمیم به تعطیلی های حداقلی بگیریم خیلی بهتر از آن است که شرایط از دسترس خارج شود و مجبور شویم کل یک استان و کشور را برای مدت طولانی تعطیل کنیم.
چه شیوه کار منحصر به فردی هم دارد این کرونا، چه ضد اجتماع است این ویروس، چه ضد جامعه، چه سبک زندگی منحصر به فردی را تبلیغ می کند. تنها باشی و قرنطینه با تو کاری ندارد، در جمع باشی و جامعه به تو حمله می کند. گویا هوشمند است، آمده تا فرهنگ ها…
فرمانداران در گفت و گو با کاوش از وضعیت مواد ضد عفونی کننده و اقدامات کرونایی می گویند
گسترش ویروس کرونا در خوزستان باعث شده تا آخرین وضعیت اقدامات انجام شده در شهرستان ها و وضعیت در دسترس بودن ماسک و مواد ضد عفونی کننده را برای مقابله با این ویروس را از برخی از فرمانداران جویا شویم.<|endoftext|>Can anyone help with this one.
You want to drill a hole in the tank that will take the most time to drain, and then drill a hole in the tank that will take the second most time to drain.
Tank Height is 20 feet, tank diameter is 8 feet, hole diameter of 2 inches. It takes 42 minutes and 45 seconds to drain the tank.
If someone could just help me set up an equasion that would be wonderful
Thanx for any help
What exactly are we trying to find here? All I see is desription, no question.
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
To completely drain the tank, the hole has to be at the lowest point, so how can there be two holes of the same size that take different times?
Anyway, to work out an equation of "draining time" we will first need an equation of how fast the water flows out of the hole vs water pressure (or height of water in the tank)
Is this the kind of thing you are after?
"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..." - Leon M. Lederman
I am looking for how quickly can the tank be completely drained.
Maybe this would help
The velocity = 8.02 times the square root of the fluid level (in feet) remaining in the tank
The amount of fluid drained through the hole (in one second) is velocity multiplied by the area of hole.
I couldn't quite grasp all of that either, but here are some relationships that might help you along your way.
The velocity of water leaving either hole is;
v = √2gh, where h is Δh from the top of the tank to the center of the hole.
So the volume leaving either hole would be;
dV = -√(2gΔhA²)dt, where A is the area of the hole.
Perhaps someone here is that is very good with integration and related rates can get a hold of this one. I would start with the assumption that one hole is indeed centered one inch above the base and then try to solve for the location of the second one.<|endoftext|>What are Phytonutrients?
Phytonutrients are naturally occurring compounds found mainly in vegetables and fruits.
They have significant health benefits and just a small increase in your daily intake can have a dramatic impact on your overall health. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects and a recent study in the Journal of Nutrition, has shown that a high intake has been associated with reduced mortality in older adults.
There have been numerous research studies into the benefits of including phytonutrients in the diet:
- In 2006 an analysis of a number of studies found a 26% reduced risk of stroke in people consuming more than 5 servings of fruit and vegetables.
- In 2010 green leafy vegetables were found to reduce the risk of diabetes and furthermore, an increase of 1.15 servings of fruit and vegetables a day was associated with a 14% decrease in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes.
- Flavonoids which are found in fruit and vegetables were associated with a significantly reduced risk of many different types of cancer.
- A similar study found a 41% reduced risk of dementia with a high dietary intake of flavonoids.
So where do you find these phytonutrients?
- Chlorophyll and lutein are found in green vegetables such as kale, broccoli, cabbage, spinach
- Lycopene and capsanthin can be found in red fruit and vegetables including tomatoes, red peppers, pomegranate and watermelon
- beta carotene, which are body converts into Vitamin A, is found in yellow and orange vegetables such as pumpkin, squash, carrots and sweet potatoes
- Allicin and favanols are found in white vegetables such as the onion family: onion, garlic, chives and leeks
- Anthocyanins and quercitin are found in purple and blue skins including blueberries, blackcurrants and blackberries.
The important message to take away is to eat a variety of different coloured fruit and vegetables as part of your daily diet: think RAINBOW ON YOUR PLATE – making sure you have a good range of different colours.<|endoftext|>喇叭发声原理
音响系统很重要的一样设备是音箱，音箱一般由喇叭单元和箱体组成。喇叭单元作为发声的部件，箱体做为喇叭单元的补充起到修正声音的作用。喇叭单元的发声原理是一种电能转换成声音的一种转换，当不同的电子能量传至线圈时，线圈产生一种能量与磁铁的磁场互动，这种互动造成纸盘振动，因为电子能量随时变化，喇叭的线圈会往前或往后运动，因此喇叭的纸盘就会跟着运动，这此动作使空气的疏密程度产生变化而产生声音。
信噪比高
数字音响记录形式是二进制码, 重放时只需判断“0”或“1”。因此, 记录媒介的噪声对重放信号的信噪比几乎没有影响。而模拟音响记录形式是连续的声音信号，在录放过程中会受到诸如磁带噪声的影响，要叠加在声音信号上而使音质变差，尽管在模拟音响中采取了降噪措施，但无法从根本上加以消除。
在分层的组合音响中，根据机器的档次不同所分的层数也不一样。分层较多的组合音响中有：电唱机一层、CD唱机一层、调谐器一层、双卡录放音座一层、音调控制器一层、主功率放大器一层。在分层较少的组合音响中，电唱机、CD唱机各分一层，其他为一层。
丰满度
作为演讲使用时，必须保证语言的丰满度，如果人们不能听清演讲者的语言，就会影响演讲的效果。因此，在电声系统设计时要充分考虑提高语言丰满度：足够的丰满度。
具有良好丰满度的演出效果，可以使人声饱满、浑厚，音乐声悠扬活跃。在电声系统中，只有通过使用音响周边设备对声音信号进行有效处理及合理地选用音箱这些措施，声音的丰满度才能够达到要求。<|endoftext|>Più lo sviluppo di Star Citizen progredisce, più importante diventa l'equipaggiamento del tuo personaggio. Con l'imminente tempo dinamico, questo sarà ancora più vero. Mostriamo quindi come funziona il gestore dell'equipaggiamento.
Armature corazzate e diversi tipi di armi sono stati implementati fin dall'inizio. Fondamentalmente, il posto pertinente è facile da trovare, ma ci sono alcune cose che vale la pena sapere.
Star Citizen: Cambiare equipaggiamento - ecco come funziona
Puoi trovare il tuo equipaggiamento nel mobiGlas in basso nella terza scheda "Equipment Manager".
- Nelle varie categorie come "Weapons" o "Armor", sono elencati tutti gli slot disponibili. Lì puoi vedere quale equipaggiamento è attualmente equipaggiato e quale è disponibile.
- Per creare una nuova parte, che sia in uno slot vuoto o per sostituire un elemento esistente, clicca sullo slot a sinistra e poi seleziona l'elemento desiderato a destra.
- Importante, devi infine cliccare su "Salva le modifiche ed equipaggia" in basso a destra in modo che la modifica sia applicata.
Il prerequisito per questo è che tu abbia nuovi elementi in primo luogo. Puoi comprarli con gli UEC, i commercianti si trovano in tutti i porti spaziali importanti, a partire da Port Olisar fino all'Area 18 di ArcCorp. Si nota che l'assortimento non è lo stesso ovunque. Per esempio, le armature sono a volte molto diverse nel design, quindi vale la pena fare un piccolo giro di shopping attraverso il sistema solare. A proposito, non puoi ancora vendere l'equipaggiamento. Questo sarà certamente possibile in un secondo momento, ma non è attualmente una priorità, in considerazione delle innumerevoli caratteristiche che si stanno sviluppando in via prioritaria. Con l'introduzione del modello meteorologico al più tardi, l'attrezzatura diventerà ancora più importante, perché sarà allora anche una questione di protezione contro le temperature e le intemperie.<|endoftext|>自2014年女排角逐引进鹰眼应战体系以来，已往5年工夫巴西女排的成就没有之前2个周期幻想，次要是由于有了鹰眼回放的精确判罚，巴西女排以杰奎琳为首的影后队员就很难发挥演技。杰奎琳在赛场上纵使球技凸起，但演技也是一流，经常会由于一次争议的判罚各类演示，以至就地落泪，可谓是排球圈影后球员的开山祖师。
奥萨斯科队中具有比亚、罗贝尔塔、马拉等现役巴西女排国度队主力队员，巴西女排当家策应坦达拉，美国女排胡克尔也曾在球队效率，也算得上是巴超联赛的一支强队。现在杰奎琳颁布发表复出，36岁的年岁再战巴超联赛，无望下赛季重返巴西女排并参与来岁的东京奥运会。若真云云，主锻练吉马良斯或将改写女排汗青。
谈及现今排坛的影后级球员，除现役韩国女排副攻杨孝真，另有一个曾经退役的队员、巴西女排勋绩宿将杰奎琳不容漏掉。球员期间，杰奎琳可谓是排坛的一大风云人物，巴西女排可以夺得北京和伦敦持续两届奥运会冠军，杰奎琳在主攻线的阐扬功不成没。之以是称杰奎琳是排坛的影后级球员，次要是由于赛场上总少不了她的演技存在。
不外，再优良的队员也有退役的一天。2018年7月17日，杰奎琳颁布发表退役，分开了本人效率长达13年的巴西女排。没有杰奎琳的巴西女排，再加上费加雷、达尼林斯、法比亚娜、谢拉等队员接踵离队，成就一泻千里，客岁世锦赛更是6强不入。
假如老队员悉数回归，再加上曾经复出的法比亚娜、谢拉、卡米拉和正筹办复出的杰奎琳，巴西女列队员的均匀年齿无望超越35岁。以局部宿将出征奥运会，大概是女排汗青上新的参赛记载。究竟结果泰国女排还未拿到奥运资历，以是巴西女排是今朝拿到奥运门票7支球队中均匀年齿最大的步队，来岁的东京奥运会也将作为宿将和吉马良斯的谢幕战。
本年曾经65岁的吉马良斯，自2003年出任巴西女排以来，这16年工夫打造出属于南美奇观的巴西王朝，也亲眼阅历了巴西女排昌盛和虚弱2个期间。前段工夫承受采访时，吉马良斯明白暗示东京奥运会后将不再率领巴西女排，以是今朝吉马良斯正勤奋召回旧日黄金一代的老队员，也算是给本人的锻练员生活生计画上美满句号。
虽然巴西女排月初经由过程奥运会资历赛拿到进军东京的参赛资历，但比胜过程非常艰辛，一度被老敌手多米尼加女排逼入绝境。冬眠了一年的杰奎琳已于昨日正式颁布发表复出，下赛季将挑选重返赛场，加盟巴超联赛奥萨斯科俱乐部。
本文出自: https://www.xp001.com/dejia/31352.html<|endoftext|>My neighbors regularly ask me how I get my son to eat healthy foods. “My kids just won’t eat vegetables! How do you get your son to eat them?” They are also surprised to find that my son eats a variety of foods that many American children don’t eat, including foods from India, Mexico, Thailand, and other areas of the world.
If you want your child to eat healthier, it requires a little effort. Here are 5 tips that can help you improve your child’s eating habits:
1. Start Young
The younger you start, the better. We started my son out on smushed vegetables before we started him on mashed fruit. Additionally, we gave him milk and water instead of juice. The idea is to get them used to trying different foods at an early age. While you do want to be careful (watch out for food allergies), many things can be fed to children if they are properly prepared.
We used the food processor to make it easier for our son to eat what we were eating from a young age. As he’s grown, he’s just been expected to eat what we are eating, and that’s helped, too. Since he’s had a variety of foods from a young age, he’s grown up with it, and it’s easier for him to accept new foods. Start out young, and you will find that your kids are more open to vegetables and other healthy foods.
2. Serve Smaller Portions
One of the issues with Western eating habits is portion control. This is especially true where I live. Instead of loading up the plate and then insisting that your child eat everything on that plate, serve smaller portions. Getting children into the habit of eating large portions can lead to over-eating down the road. Make sure that the bigger portions are vegetables.
Your child will clean his or her plate without being told to when the portions are smaller. Then he or she can ask for a little more if he or she is still hungry. Make it a point, though, to let your child know that “seconds” are limited to the healthiest dinner items. My son might want another helping of the beef or the pasta, but we require him to have more vegetables before he can go that far.
By changing your child’s expectations of what a “serving size” is, you can set him or her up for better eating habits in the future.
3. Keep Healthy Snacks Available
One of the problems is that children might go straight for the junk food. If you can make healthy snacks available, and start them out as the norm, it is much easier to encourage good snacking habits. My son loves peanut butter on celery, and he’s a big fan of plain popcorn and nuts. These are reasonable snacks that provide nutrition to kids, and that are reasonably healthy. Put healthy snacks out, limiting choices, and you can encourage healthy habits that stick.
4. Set a Good Example
You need to set the example for your kids. Anytime you want your children to do something, they need to see you doing it. If you eat junk food all the time, but tell your kids to eat healthy, you will be resented. If you are eating healthy, though, your kids will see that it is what “adults do.” Doing it as a family offers belonging and it can help your entire family eat
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52 | 3 | 2 |
off in the first reel so you can see how much time he has been spending at the gym.<|endoftext|>Mou, due turni di stop per il dito nell'occhio di Vilanova
La Federcalcio iberica si è pronunciata sull'episodio che risale allo scorso 17 agosto, durante la finale di ritorno della Supercoppa spagnola. Squalifica anche per il vice di Guardiola: una giornata per reazione
L'allenatore del Real Madrid Josè Mourinho è stato punito con due turni di squalifica in seguito agli incidenti risalenti al 17 agosto, al termine dell'incontro della Supercoppa di Spagna contro il Barcellona. Lo ha annunciato oggi la Federcalcio spagnola.
Mourinho aveva messo un dito nell'occhio del vice allenatore del Barcellona, Tito Vilanova, durante il parapiglia tra le due panchine seguito a un fallo di Marcelo su Messi. Vilanova è stato a sua volta sanzionato con un turno di stop per la reazione.<|endoftext|>Iron deficiency, or anemia, is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world. You have about 2 grams of iron in your body normally if you're a women, and up to 6 grams if you're a man. This iron can be divided into a functional group & a storage group. The iron in the functional group is what you use daily - 80% of this being in the hemoglobin of your red blood cells. This is what binds to oxygen when the blood passes through your lungs, circulating this necessary nutrient throughout the body. You can see a picture of hemoglobin on the right, with the 4 protein subunits in red and blue. The small green units are heme groups, which contain an iron atom at their center (in orange).
You lose about 1 - 2 milligrams of iron each day, mainly through shedding of dead epithelial cells (both your skin & the lining of your intestines). This means you have to absorb 1 - 2 mg of iron each day to remain balanced. You have to eat about 10 - 20 mg of iron each day though since you only absorb about 20% of what you eat (this decreases to 1 - 2% of the iron found in vegetables though, so it's best to take a multivitamin & mineral each day if you don't eat animal products).<|endoftext|>When you think about the word “Cyber,” what comes to your mind?
Do you think about your social media, your email, your computer, your phone?
Do you think about the pictures you have posted online?
Do you think of all your documents, personal information, and data you have stored somewhere?
The word Cyber comes from the word cybernetics and relates to computers, information technology or networks.
For me, the word Cyber means emotion, connection, creativity, wellness, growth, fun, happiness, and wealth. Technology can bring us closer together and I love that!
In the Cyber world, many of us choose to always be connected, and always cyber available to others, while others choose not to.
To Cyber-Be or Not To Cyber-Be, That Is The Question!
To Cyber-Be or Not To Cyber-Be is about considering your state of Cyber.
To Cyber-Be is to claim your cyber world, be present, find your focus. To Cyber-Be is about making a conscious decision of how you are interacting with technology.
When you are in a state of being, you own it! This means that you take action:
- You keep your computer, phones and electronic devices updated.
- You take care of your passwords
- You manage how much personal information you share
- You constantly look for ways to sharpen your skills because you want to protect what matters most to you.
Not To Cyber-Be refers to staying distracted, living in auto-pilot, and providing hackers, scammers, and Cybermonsters with opportunities to break into your life:
- Clicking on suspicious links
- Opening files without verifying first whether they are safe
- Postponing taking care of your password
- Delaying updates to your computer, phones, or other devices
- Not backing up our information
Are you in the To Cyber-Be or Not To Cyber-Be Mindset?
Use the table below to identify your dominant state of mind when it comes to the cyber world:
|To Cyber-Be||Not To Cyber-Be|
|Change your passwords and avoid re-using them.|
You can take action toward protecting your Cyber World!
Backup your most precious and sensitive information!
Enable a second method or way to verify your most sensitive accounts.
Replace old passwords and use a password manager.
|Copy your password on a sticky note and place it where anyone could see it.|
“Yell out” your personal information online (SS, credit card info, password, etc.)
Bet on protecting your most precious and sensitive information by using a password like 12345.
Execute and open any links or files you receive without validating them
Repeat and reuse all your passwords
If you identified yourself mostly on the Not-To-Cyber-Be column, it’s time to take the first step to Cyber-Be.
All it takes is to commit to one simple action from the Cyber-Be list and embark on the journey to live Happily Ever Cyber!
If you already take all these actions, think about your next step on your Cyber journey.
When you adopt a Cyber Be Mindset, you will change the way you react when the word Cyber comes to mind, because you will increase your Cyber Confidence!
Which action will you take today? Share with us in the comment section below!<|endoftext|>The phrase "winter words" has 2 words, 12 letters with 9 consonants leaving 3 vowels. When pronounced, this sentence has 3 syllables. The users have been able to identify 0 rhymes for this sentence.
The phrase starts with wi for winter and ends with ds for words.
- Syllables: 3
- Words: 2
- Letters: 12 - The unique letters, d, e, i, n, o, r, s, t, w
- Consonants: 9
- Vowels: 3
Please keep in mind that the organization of my rhyming dictionary is lacking and I am working on making sure we provide you the best rhyming website. Please be patient and check back often. Much more is coming to our service including words with 2 letters which is one of the most requested letter searches online, also, the ability to find rhymes by sound, text, phonetics even filtering by nouns, verbs and adjectives, and other grammer options and so much more.
Please help me improve this rhyming dictionary by voting, sending me suggestions and interacting with my website to help improve the rhymes found.
*New*: Get social with me. Let me know how to improve the rhymes found on this website.
~ You Go Rhymes! ~<|endoftext|>خشمگین شدن یعنی تنبیه خود به دلیل اشتباه دیگران چرا «مدیریت خشم» مهم است؟
یکی از بدترین تجربیات فردی و اجتماعی افراد این است که از هیجان های منفی خود مثل خشم به ستوه آمده، ولی نمی دانند چگونه باید با آن مقابله کنند و چه رفتاری داشته باشند. ایجاد قابلیت هایی برای تحمل پاسخ های هیجانی و تنظیم رفتار در برابر خشم می تواند به بسیاری از افراد کمک کند تا با طیف متنوعی از رفتارها و پاسخ هایی که در هنگام رویارویی با ناراحتی شدید رو به رو می شوند آشنا شوند.
سبک های مقابله ای ناکارآمد در برابر خشم کدام است؟
به عبارتی یکی از ناخوشایند ترین تجربیات افراد در موقعیت های اجتماعی، همانا مستأصل شدن از هیجان های منفی خویش و بی اطلاعی از چگونگی مقابله با شدت آنها است. در نتیجه، بسیاری از افراد به روشهای دردسرساز مانند سوء مصرف الکل یا مواد مخدر، پرخوری، سرزنش کردن دیگران، برون ریزی عاطفی، خشم های انفجاری، وابستگی اجبار گونه به شریک عاطفی خود ، مشاهده فیلم های پورنو، نشخوار فکری و دیگر رویکرد راهبردهای بی حاصل روی می آورند. بسیاری از افراد از موقعیت هایی که سبب ایجاد خشم و عصبانیت یا به عبارتی هیجانهای دردسرساز میشوند دوری جسته و یا منفعل و منزوی باقی میمانند و بدین ترتیب بر حس ناکارآمدی افسردگی خویش می افزایند. برخی دیگر از افراد خود یا دیگران را بابت احساسات منفی خویش سرزنش کرده و سبب تشدید بیشتر افسردگی یا دوری از منابع مهم حمایتی می شوند.
فراگیری مهارت های کنترل خشم و ایجاد قابلیت هایی برای تحمل پاسخ های هیجانی منفی و تنظیم آنها میتواند به افراد کمک کند تا گستره رفتارها و پاسخ هایی که در هنگام رویارویی با ناراحتی شدید در اختیار دارند را وسعت ببخشند.
عناوین مقاله پیش رو:
چرا «مدیریت خشم» مهم است؟
سبک های مقابله ای ناکارآمد در برابر خشم کدام است؟
باورهای مربوط به هیجان های منفی کدام است ؟
نقش مهارت کنترل خشم در موقعیت های اجتماعی چگونه است؟
آیا ادامه زندگی بدون هیجان های مثبت یا منفی امکان پذیر است؟
هیجان چیست؟
مولفههای هیجان کدام است؟
راهکارهای پیشنهادی در هنگام تجربه هیجان خشم
باورهای مربوط به هیجان های منفی کدام است ؟
برخی از افراد بر این باورند که هیجانهای آنها معنی خاصی ندارند یا همیشه مایه شرمندگی آنها میشوند. در مواردی افراد معتقدند که تجربه یک هیجان خاص فقط مخصوص خود آنهاست و قابل بیان نیست. به این ترتیب هیچ وقت هیجان های خود را اعتباریابی نخواهند کرد. این افراد به احتمال بیشتری ممکن است از روشهای دردسرساز برای مقابله مانند نشخوار فکری، اجتناب (انکار)، مصرف الکل، پرخوری استفاده کنند.
افراد دیگری که از مهارت های کنترل خشم برخوردارند میتوانند دیدگاه های مثبت یا انطباقی تری نسبت به هیجان های منفی خود از جمله خشم داشته باشند و به این ترتیب هیجان های خود را میتوانند در صورت لزوم اعتبار یابی کنند. هیجان های منفی این دسته از افراد برای آنها میتواند معنیدار و قابل پذیرش باشد و اسباب شرمندگی آنها را فراهم ننماید. این افراد بر این باورند که هیجان هایشان منحصر به فرد نیست و تمامی افراد هیجان های منفی مثل خشم را تجربه کرده اند. این افراد بر این باورند که هیجان هایشان چه مثبت و چه منفی طولانی مدت نبوده بلکه گذرا قلمداد می شوند. در نتیجه چنین افرادی کمتر ممکن است از راهبردهای دردسرساز و آسیب زا که قبلا به آن اشاره کردیم برای مقابله با خشم استفاده کنند.
نقش مهارت کنترل خشم در موقعیت های اجتماعی چگونه است ؟
افرادی که از راهبردهای سازنده برای مقابله با خشم برخوردار هستند و مهارت های کنترل خشم را فرا گرفته اند، می توانند به ارتباط تنگاتنگ هیجانهای موجود و نقش موثری آنها در مدیریت روابط فردی و اجتماعی پیرامون خود پی ببرند و تاثیرات منفی ناشی از باورها و راهبردهای دردسر ساز مقابله با خشم را در موقعیت های مختلف مشاهده نمایند و روش های اصلاحی راهبردهای مورد استفاده خود در موقعیت های نامناسب را مشخص سازند. بدین ترتیب فرصتی برای تایید باورهای انطباقی تر و انسان دوستانه تر درباره هیجان ها را فراهم آورند.
آیا ادامه زندگی بدون هیجان های مثبت یا منفی امکان پذیر است؟
بدون وجود هیجان های مختلف زندگی ما نیز فاقد معنا، حس و احساس، شادی و ارتباط با دیگران خواهد بود. هیجانها مطالب زیادی را درباره نیازهای ما، ناکامیهای ما، حقوق ما و مسئولیتهای ما در اختیارمان می گذارند و انگیزه لازم را برای ایجاد تغییر و گریز از موقعیت های دشوار به ما اعطا کرده و سبب میشوند که دریابیم در چه مواقعی احساس رضایتمندی می کنیم. با این حال افراد پرشماری وجود دارند که معتقدند هیجان های شان آنها را مستأصل کرده و از احساسات خود و پذیرش آنها واهمه دارند. به عبارتی توان مقابله با آن را ندارند زیرا بر این باورند که بروز خشم، مانع از انجام رفتارهای کارآمد در موقعیت های بین فردی و اجتماعی میشود.
هیجان چیست؟
هیجان از مجموعه فرایندهایی تشکیل شده که هیچ یک از آنها نمی تواند به تنهایی سبب شود که ما یک تجربه را هیجان بنامیم. هیجان هایی مانند خشم، شامل مولفه های متعددی مثل ارزیابی، قصدمندی(هدف)، احساس، رفتار حرکتی و در اغلب موارد مولفه بین فردی هستند. بنابراین هنگامی که شما با هیجان خشم روبه رو می شوید در می یابید که نگران هستید حقوقتان پایمال نشود یا مورد آسیب فیزیکی قرار نگیرید (ارزیابی)، دچار افزایش ضربان قلب یا خشک شدن دهان میشوید (حس)، بر توانایی های موجود خود متمرکز می شوید (قصدمندی، هدف)، احساس هولناکی درباره شرایط موجود دارید (احساس)، از نظر جسمی بی قرار و شتاب زده عمل می کنید (رفتار حرکتی) و ممکن است در بسیاری از موارد، در برخورد با دوست یا شریک زندگی تان پرخاشگری داشته باشید و رفتارهای تکانشی نامناسبی از خود نشان دهید. (مولفه ی بین فردی).
از آنجایی که هیجان خشم ماهیتی چند بعدی دارد روانشناس متخصص میتواند بررسی کند که کدام یک از ابعاد را باید کانون اصلی درمان قرار داد.
راهکارهای پیشنهادی در هنگام تجربه هیجان خشم
تکنیک اول : افتراق دادن افکار و احساسات از موقعیت
بسیاری از افرادی که احساس شدید خشم را تجربه میکنند در پی بردن به این نکته مشکل دارند که احساس و افکار آنها با واقعیت موجود تفاوت دارد. فرد باید بتواند بین فکر خود با واقعیت بیرونی تمایز قائل شود. بدین ترتیب از همجوشی نامناسبی که در این شرایط صورت می گیرد و فکر خود را واقعی می پندارد اجتناب نماید. در شناخت درمانی افراد باید کمی از افکار و احساسات خود فاصله بگیرند تا بتوانند ارزیابی درستی از آنها به عمل آورده و اقدام مناسب با شرایط را ارائه دهند.
به عنوان تکلیف منزل به منظور فاصله گذاری میان فکر و موقعیت، فرد باید توصیف کوتاهی از موقعیت خشم برانگیز موجود ارائه دهد. یعنی مطرح نماید چه موضوعی سبب ایجاد احساس خشم و عصبانیت شده و در یک مقیاس صفر تا صد بگوید شدت عصبانیت چقدر است و سپس مشخص نماید تا چه حد این احساس ناشی از موقعیت موجود و یا ناشی از خطاهای شناختی (افکار) هستند.
تکنیک دوم : اعتبار بخشی حمایت و اهمیت
در بسیاری از مواقع افراد احساس میکنند که توسط اشخاص دیگر مورد درک ، حمایت و اهمیت قرار نگرفته اند. مثال های اختصاصی از موقعیت هایی که حمایت و اهمیت را تجربه کرده اند و موقعیتهایی که مورد حمایت و اهمیت قرار نگرفته اند میتواند برای تشخیص شرایطی که فرد خشم و عصبانیت را تجربه میکند بسیار مفید است.
تمرین: جای خالی را با تجربه ای که اخیراً داشته اید ،پر کنید .
هنگامی که………………………، احساس می کنم مورد حمایت و اهمیت قرار گرفته ام.
هنگامی که …….……………، احساس نمیکنم مورد حمایت از اهمیت قرار گرفته ام.
تکنیک سوم: یافتن روش های دردسر ساز برای وادار کردن اشخاص به پاسخ دادن به من
در بسیاری از موارد افراد احساس میکنند که دیگران آنها را درک نمی کنند و به همین دلیل با رفتارهای نامناسب به دیگران پاسخ میدهند. بدین ترتیب ممکن است که این پاسخ های نامناسب از سوی دیگران دردسرساز قلمداد شوند. در بسیاری از موارد افراد باید با خودشان روراست باشند. مثال های اختصاصی که در زیر ذکر شده می تواند پیامدهای رفتاری نامناسبی را به دنبال داشته باشد و به عنوان ماشه چکان برای برانگیختن خشم و عصبانیت عمل کند.
· شکایت کردن به طور مکرر
· بلند کردن صدای خود
· همواره انتقاد از طرف مقابل به دلیل نوع عملکرد
· پرتاب کردن وسایل
· وانمود کردن به اینکه اتفاق بسیار ناگواری برای من رخ داده است.
·<|endoftext|>به گزارش خبرگزاری بسیج،یحیی رحمتی افزود: این چهار اثر شامل "فنون و مهارت سفالگری روستای گلابر"، "فنون و مهارت تنور سازی روستای گلابر"، "فنون و مهارت پخت غذای آیینی دویمج" و بازی محلی"کولونگ آغاجی" می شود.
مدیرکل میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان زنجان اظهار داشت: اعضای کمیته ثبت میراث فرهنگی ناملموس کشور، "سفالگری روستای گلابر" که توسط زنان انجام می شود را به عنوان اثر ویژه ناملموس پذیرفتند و مقرر شد که از قدیمی ترین سفالگر روستای گلابر به نام "ننه نساء خانم" در سازمان مرکزی میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری کشور تقدیر شود.
به گفته وی، میراث فرهنگی ناملموس شامل جنبه های غیر فیزیکی فرهنگ است که به شکل شفاهی و سینه به سینه برای ما به ارث رسیده است؛ این موارد ارزش های اجتماعی، سنت ها، آداب و رسوم و روش ها، صنایع دستی، باورهای زیبایی شناسانه و معنوی، بیان هنری، زبان و هر آنچه مرتبط با هویت حیات انسانی است را شامل می شود.
مدیرکل میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان زنجان خاطرنشان کرد: حدود یک هزار و ۸۰۰ اثر تاریخی در سطح این استان شناسایی شده است که ۷۵۱ مورد از آنها در فهرست میراث ملی به ثبت رسیده اند.<|endoftext|>Gazetecilikte bağlam sorunu giderek önem kazanıyor... Bunun temelinde gazetecilerin kendilerini bir ideolojinin temsilcisi gibi görmeleri ve her konuyu, konuşmayı, yorumu günlük siyasetin malzemesi haline getirmeye çalışmaları yatıyor.
Bu da manipülatif sorularla sağlanıyor.
Ne yazık ki amaç bir gerçeği ortaya çıkarmak, merak etmek ya da öğrenmek değil. Zihinlerdeki ön yargıyı onaylatmanın bir yolunu bulmak ve bunu gündelik tartışmalara referans verecek şekilde sunmak.
5N 1K'nın yerini şu tarz sorular alıyor: "Efendim! Aslında olaylar şöyle gelişti. Sonra bunlar oldu. Şimdi de şunlar olmalı değil midir?" Gazetecinin muhatabı, kendisine sorulan
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52 | 3 | 3 |
Salary||Annual Salary Range|
|United States||$75,000||$50,000 – $100,000|
|Canada||$70,000||$50,000 – $90,000|
|Australia||$65,000||$45,000 – $85,000|
|United Kingdom||$60,000||$40,000 – $80,000|
|Germany||$55,000||$35,000 – $75,000|
An urban planner plays a crucial role in shaping the development of cities and communities. They are responsible for designing and implementing plans that promote sustainable urban growth and improve the quality of life for residents. The salaries for urban planners vary across countries, with the United States being one of the top paying countries, offering a median salary of $75,000 per year. Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, and Germany also offer competitive salaries ranging from $55,000 to $70,000. These countries recognize the importance of urban planning and value the expertise and skills of urban planners in creating livable and thriving cities.
A video on the topic Urban Planner
Interview Questions for Urban Planner
1. What is the role of an urban planner?
An urban planner is responsible for designing and developing land use plans and programs for cities and communities. They analyze various factors such as population growth, transportation needs, environmental impact, and economic development to create sustainable and functional urban spaces.
2. What skills are important for an urban planner to possess?
Important skills for an urban planner include strong analytical and problem-solving abilities, excellent communication and presentation skills, proficiency in data analysis and GIS software, knowledge of zoning and land use regulations, and the ability to work collaboratively with diverse stakeholders.
3. How does an urban planner contribute to community development?
An urban planner contributes to community development by creating plans that improve the quality of life for residents. They assess the needs of the community, identify areas for improvement, and develop strategies to enhance transportation systems, affordable housing, public spaces, infrastructure, and economic opportunities.
4. Can you explain the concept of sustainable urban planning?
Sustainable urban planning involves designing cities and communities in a way that minimizes environmental impact, promotes resource efficiency, and enhances social equity. It focuses on creating walkable neighborhoods, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preserving green spaces, and implementing renewable energy sources.
5. How do urban planners address transportation challenges?
Urban planners address transportation challenges by developing comprehensive transportation plans that consider multiple modes of transportation such as walking, cycling, public transit, and private vehicles. They aim to reduce traffic congestion, improve accessibility, and promote sustainability through initiatives like bike lanes, pedestrian-friendly streets, and efficient public transit systems.
6. What is the importance of public participation in urban planning?
Public participation in urban planning is crucial as it ensures that the needs and preferences of the community are considered in decision-making processes. It allows residents to voice their concerns, provide feedback, and actively contribute to shaping their neighborhoods. This leads to more inclusive and equitable urban development.
7. How do urban planners address affordable housing issues?
Urban planners address affordable housing issues by conducting housing needs assessments, identifying suitable sites for affordable housing projects, and implementing policies that promote affordable housing development. They collaborate with housing organizations, developers, and government agencies to ensure that affordable housing options are available for all income levels.
8. What are the challenges faced by urban planners in today’s world?
Some of the challenges faced by urban planners today include rapid urbanization, climate change, limited resources, social inequality, and technological advancements. They must find innovative solutions to accommodate growing populations, mitigate the effects of climate change, and create sustainable and resilient cities.
9. How does urban planning contribute to economic development?
Urban planning contributes to economic development by attracting investments, creating job opportunities, and promoting entrepreneurship. By designing vibrant and well-connected urban spaces, urban planners can attract businesses, support local industries, and enhance the overall economic vitality of a city or community.
10. Can you explain the concept of mixed-use development in urban planning?
Mixed-use development refers to the integration of different land uses within a single area, such as combining residential, commercial, and recreational spaces. This approach promotes walkability, reduces the need for long commutes, and creates vibrant and diverse neighborhoods. It also allows for a better utilization of land and resources.
The Best Universities For The Urban Planner Profession.
Frequently asked questions about Urban Planner
What is urban planning?
Urban planning is the process of designing, organizing, and managing urban areas to ensure their sustainable development. It involves analyzing and addressing various aspects of urban life, such as land use, transportation, infrastructure, and public spaces. Urban planners work to create cities and communities that are functional, aesthetically pleasing, and meet the needs of the population.
What qualifications do you need to become an urban planner?
To become an urban planner, you typically need a bachelor's degree in urban planning or a related field, such as geography, environmental studies, or architecture. Some positions may require a master's degree in urban planning. Additionally, gaining experience through internships or entry-level positions can be beneficial in this field.
What skills are important for urban planners?
Urban planners need a combination of technical and soft skills to be successful. Technical skills include knowledge of urban planning principles, GIS mapping, data analysis, and zoning regulations. Soft skills such as communication, problem-solving, and teamwork are also important for collaborating with stakeholders and presenting plans to the public.
What is the role of an urban planner?
The role of an urban planner is to analyze, design, and implement plans for urban areas. They assess the current state of a community, identify its needs and goals, and develop strategies to achieve them. This may involve creating land use plans, transportation systems, or revitalization projects. Urban planners also work with government officials, community members, and other stakeholders to gather input and ensure that plans align with the needs of the population.
What are the challenges faced by urban planners?
Urban planners face several challenges in their work. One challenge is balancing the needs of different stakeholders, such as residents, businesses, and government agencies, who may have competing interests. Another challenge is addressing the impacts of urbanization, such as traffic congestion, pollution, and housing affordability. Additionally, urban planners must consider long-term sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change and other environmental factors.<|endoftext|>In the Eating Disorder Unit, we treat patients with various eating disorders.
Eating disorders are diseases of both the body and the mind. Your worries and concerns can be reflected in eating, and eating may become your way of managing challenging emotions, such as sadness, anger, or loneliness. Your experience of being bullied, difficulties within your family, or your performance pressures in school and in being successful may also be at the root.
The most common eating disorders refer to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, i.e. binge eating disorder. The majority of those diagnosed with eating disorders are girls and women, but boys also suffer from eating disorders.<|endoftext|>جایزه صلح کتابفروشان آلمان به آمارتیا سن، فیلسوف و اقتصاددان هندی که پیش از این برنده جایزه صلح نوبل شده بود، اهدا می شود.
مراسم اهدای جایزه صلح کتابفروشان آلمان در تاریخ 18 اکتبر 2020 در فرانکفورت برگزار و به از تلویزیون پخش خواهد شد. آمارتیا سن، فیلسوف هندی که در سال 1998 موفق به کسب جایزه صلح نوبل شده بود، اکنون این جایزه مهم را نیز دریافت خواهد کرد.
اتحادیه ناشران و کتابفروشان آلمان طی بیانیه ای اعلام کردند که این جایزه برای تجلیل از این فیلسوف و اقتصاددان برجسته دانشگاهی که سال ها در حال مبارزه با نابرابری های اجتماعی در زمینه های آموزش و بهداشت است، اهدا خواهد شد.
یکی از مهمترین ایده های مشارکت جویانه وی این است که در سنجش رفاه اجتماعی نه تنها رشد اقتصادی بلکه امکان پیشرفت و رشد اعضای جامعه به ویژه ضعیف ترین اعضا، نیز در نظر گرفته شود.
آمارتیا سن، این فیلسوف 86 ساله در آثار خود همواره به همبستگی و تمایل به مذاکره به عنوان ارزش های اساسی دموکراتیک اشاره کرده و تاکید دارد که فرهنگ ها نباید منشا اختلافات هویتی باشند. از ایده های تاثیرگذار این فیلسوف می توان به توصیف های او در توضیح روش های اساسی که نشان می دهند فقر، گرسنگی و بیماری با عدم وجود ساختارهای آزاد و دموکراتیک در ارتباط است، اشاره کرد.
شاخص توسعه انسان، شیوه قابلیت ها و مورد توجه قرار دادن زنانی که در اجتماع نادیده گرفته شده اند، از سه مفهوم پیشگامانه این فیلسوف است که تا به حال جایگاه خود را در بین دیدگاه های موجود در جهان حفظ کرده است.
از مهمترین آثار آمارتیا سن که در ایران نیز منتشر شده ان، می توان به کتاب های اخلاق و اقتصاد، برابری و آزادی و توسعه به مثابه آزادی اشاره کرد.
جایزه صلح کتابفروشان آلمان به مبلغ 25 هزار یورو هر ساله از سوی اتحادیه ناشران و کتابفروشان آلمان به شخصیت های بین المللی در عرصه ادبیات، دانش یا هنر که با آثار خود به تحقق صلح در جهان کمک می کنند، اهدا می شود.
در سال های گذشته اشخاصی همچون یورگن هابرماس، مارگارت آتوود و اورهان پاموک موفق به کسب این جایزه شده اند.<|endoftext|>Çoğu üst kurul dahi yds istemedi. Yds isteyen kurumlar da p3 puanıyla çağırdı. Akademisyenlik-master sürecinde olanlar Yökdil sınavı ile istedikleri puanlara ulaştırlar.Dolayısıyla yds'nin çok bir önemi kalmadığı söylenebilir.Ha bir de Sınavın kalitesi iyice düştü. Gerçekten abuk subuk kelimeler,sadece bir alana yoğunlaşan paragraf soruları vs.
@paretowilfredo Michel Thomas'ın dil setleriyle ilgili şunu da söylemek lazım: Bu setler, ingilizce bilenlere başka yabancı diller öğretmek üzerine oluşturulmuş.Sadece mantığı açısından örnek verdim.İngilizce için hemen hemen aynı mantıkla ilerleyen Rosetta Stone kullanılabilir.
Bende reklam yapayım mı :) Neyse şaka bir yana ben video set aldım English Exam Centerdan o dönem A paketi diye bir şey vardı hepsini kapsıyordu. Onu 850'e falan almıştım. Ön hazırlık diye bir şey var en temelden başlıyor seni en tepeye kadar götürüyor. Tabi çalışma düzenini kurarsan. Ben çok beğendim seti. Sınavların yoğunluğu ve tembelliğimden tam abanamamıştım ondan pek faydasını göremedim yoksa video seti almak kursa gitmekten iyidir diye düşünüyorum.<|endoftext|>说完，哆嗦着给排长敬了个军礼，排长平静地给司令员还了个军礼。营门上红红的喜字还是那么耀眼，插在门口的蔬菜还是那么青翠。兵们的眼中已经没了泪水，泪水早已化成一团烈火扑向司令员。司令员哆嗦着给兵们敬了个军礼，但士兵们动也没动，个个握紧拳头直视着他。他慢慢地转过身用手摩娑那副担架，然后向着遗体深深地鞠了一躬，眼神中分明闪现过一丝难以捕捉的凄惋和哀伤。 “把他们葬在雪山上吧，他们属于这雪山。”司令员背对着雪山淡然地说。然后决然地向山下走去，铿锵的脚步足以踩碎那高耸的雪山。士兵们的怒火没有熄灭，他们把一棵棵青菜踢向司令员离去的方向，把那副担架恶狠狠地推下悬崖。 “住手！”排长颤抖着，眼睛里喷出一团烈火。“你们知道吗？另外那个女孩是司令员唯一的女儿，为了做伴娘，她推迟了自己十月一日的婚礼。” 雪山战栗了，蓝天战栗了，那只苍鹰也战栗了，笔直的坠入悬崖殉了情。<|endoftext|>Difficoltà:
Tempo Preparazione:
20 minuti.
Tempo Cottura:
0 minuti.
Preparazione:
Ponete le coppe in frigorifero a raffreddare. Sbucciate le mele, lavatele, privatele del torsolo, dividetele tutte, tranne una, a piccoli cubetti, poneteli in una ciotola e irrorateli con il succo di limone.
Mescolate il tutto delicatamente con un cucchiaio di legno.
Lavate le ciliegie e asciugatele con un telo pulito. Privatele dei piccioli, snocciolatele con l'apposito utensile, dividetele a pezzetti e aggiungetele ai cubetti di mela.
Mescolate in un'altra ciotola il miele con il Maraschino e la vanillina, facendoli amalgamare perfettamente; aggiungetevi quindi i cubetti di mela e le ciliegie a pezzetti, mescolando delicatamente, quindi ponete la ciotola in frigorifero e lasciate riposare il composto per 15 minuti circa.
Nel frattempo montate la panna, unendovi poco alla volta lo zucchero a velo. Riprendete la ciotola dal frigorifero, incorporatevi la panna montata, distribuite il composto nelle coppe individuali ben fredde e ponetele di nuovo infrigorifero per 1 ora.<|endoftext|>[拼音]：Yelü Chucai
中国十三世纪前期的政治家、天文学家。字晋卿，契丹族人。金章宗明昌元年六月二十日(公元1190年7月25日)生，元太宗十六年五月十四日（公元1244年6月21日）卒。金宰相耶律履之子。耶律履通历算，曾著《乙未历》。楚材自幼即学习天文历算。元太祖十四年（公元1219年）随元太祖铁木真（成吉思汗）西征，到达寻斯干城（今撒马尔罕）。当时这里是中亚各民族的交汇点，各族科学知识在此交流，耶律楚材也在这里同他们讨论天文历法等问题，著《西征庚午元历》。1229年元太宗窝阔台继位后，他参与制定规章制度，改革游牧民族的旧俗，以适应对农业地区的统治。太宗三年八月任中书令，主张以孔学治理国家，他的工作为统一中原地区奠定了基础。耶律楚材通天文、地理、律历、术数、医卜等学。元太祖十五年在寻斯干城发现当地月食时刻和食分同金重修《大明历》所推算的不同，他认为是由两个原因造成：一为金重修《大明历》行用年久，误差积累渐大；二为观测地点的差异，《大明历》所推算的适用于中原地区，寻斯干城西距中原万里。根据这两种原因，他在编著《庚午元历》时既改正历法本身的误差，又创立“里差”，作为东西方向的改正。里差的计算，以寻斯干城为起始线，向东加，向西减，这实为“地理经度”概念在中国的首次提出。数十年后，苏天爵据此提出地方时的概念，认为中原和西域的时辰不同，中原的“子正”实为西域的“初更”。耶律楚材研究回纥历，认为回纥历推算行星运动比中原历法精密，乃作《麻答巴历《，具体内容已失传。此外，有诗文集《湛然居士集》十四卷。<|endoftext|>小学五年级和六年级学生的主题
主题一: 偷窃是违法的，这在道德上会怎么判断?
关于这个主题有许多可以和孩子讨论。
孩子A借给孩子B一本书，但孩子B再也没有还书。这算偷窃吗?
一位孩子可以使用邻居的wifi，这不需要密码，所以这位孩子可以看网络视频，听流媒体音乐，有时甚至做作业。这是偷窃么?
对于各种情况，让孩子考虑他们是否认为当时情况下的行为是否属于偷窃。问他们为什么是，或者为什么不是，并鼓励孩子为他们的观点给出理由。看看自己是否提出赞成和反对的理由。总之，考虑什么情况可能影响某些东西被视为偷窃行为?
这一主题旨在让学生思考行为的合法性与道德正当性之间的关系，以及情境在道德决策中所扮演的角色。
而这些课程的设置内容也会发给学生的家长们，希望家长给予返反馈，并鼓励家长和孩子也展开讨论。主要的方法就是鼓励孩子们保持好奇心，去发现，并做出自己的判断。所以仅仅问孩子一个类似“老师们今天在德育课上教了你什么”这样的问题，可能会让孩子头脑一片空白，觉得无从答起下面的一些问题或者有助于家长开展和孩子的对话。
*你今天在德育课上有没有听到什么让你吃惊的事情?
*你听到了什么故事?
*你改变你原先的想法了吗?
*你不同意别人说的话吗?为什么?
*你听到的最有力的论点是什么?为什么觉得它最有力?
（Yu Kuai）<|endoftext|>What you need to know:
- Without working out, one can still maintain a healthy lifestyle through other approaches.
Working out is touted as one of the most important ways to lose weight. But creating a workout plan and sticking to it for the long term is not easy. Busy schedules, injuries, lethargy, among other things, make it difficult for people to stick to their workout routines.
However, not all hope is lost. There are other ways that you can lose weight, which do not include working out.
- Watch what’s on your plate
Dieting demands almost as much effort and discipline as working out. The difference is that you can accommodate most dieting ideas within your busy schedule.
Dieting to lose weight is as much about what
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in the eyes of the public and a crisis in recruitment and retention could swing the pendulum.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NURSING EDUCATION
The early nurse training schools in the United States, opened during the 187Os, were modeled after ^ Nightingale's school in London. However, by 1893, when the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses was formed, the use of student nurse labor had resulted in an expansion of hospital-based training schools and educational standards had fallen. Concern among nursing leadership about the uncontrolled growth of nurse training schools was voiced in the 1923 report of The Committee for the Study of Nursing Education, known as the Goldmark Report. The committee members strongly recommended that endowment funding be secured for schools of nursing, and that endowed schools within universities should be established (Goldmark, 1923). In 1934, a second major analysis . of nursing in the U.S. by the Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schools recommended increased financial support for nursing education, a reduction in the number of nursing students, and replacement of student nurses by graduate nurses for hospital work (Committee, 1934).
Yet these scholarly endeavors were not responsible for the eventual shift away from hospital-based nurse training programs. The economic depression of the 1930s rendered graduate nurses inexpensive employees and many training schools were closed. Shortly afterwards, the introduction and acceptance of health insurance created a more stable hospital revenue that further increased graduate nurse employment (Fagin & Lynaugh, 1992; Lusk, 1995).
During the 1920s and 1930s, university baccalaureate degree programs for nurses were developed throughout the U.S. but did not expand as rapidly as nurse leaders had hoped. University administrators were cool to an influx of women wanting a professional, rather than a liberal, education. Additionally, nursing programs were expensive (Fagin & Lynaugh, 1992). In 1948, another major report on nursing education and practice, authored by Esther Lucilie Brown, again endorsed collegiate preparation for nurses. However, with few university programs and a post-war nurse shortage, the time was propitious for introducing nursing education in the less-expensive community colleges (Montag, 1959).
Community colleges, granting two-year associate degrees, were designed to facilitate post high school education for the middle and lower classes (Fagin & Lynaugh, 1992). In 1952, a research project to develop and evaluate associate degree programs in nursing was initiated at Teachers College, Columbia University, under the direction of Dr. Mildred Montag (Montag, 1959). The project was widely successful and community college programs proliferated. There were now three distinct educational programs: three-year hospital diploma, two-year associate degree, and four-year baccalaureate degree. All the programs prepared applicants to sit for the same licensing examination, necessary for nurse registration.
Reacting to this anomalous situation, delegates at the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) convention recommended that a baccalaureate degree should be the entry level standard for "professional nurses." Associate and diploma school graduates were to be called "technical nurses" (Kalisch & Kalisch, 1995). Over the last 30 years the entry into practice debate has continued but little progress towards the ANA's 1965 resolution has been made. North Dakota is the single state that requires a baccalaureate degree for entry ulto practice. In 1995, ANA delegates again resolved that action must be taken to implement the baccalaureate in nursing as the minimum level for professional RN licensure (ANA, 1995).
Several reports lent weight to the ANA's support of baccalaureate education. In 1990, a report to the President and Congress on the status of health personnel in the U.S. noted that the varied educational levels of nurses were out of balance with national needs. The report predicted a shortage of baccalaureate-prepared nurses by the year 2,000 and a surplus of associate degree and diploma graduates (Aiken & Gwyther, 1995). Two recent studies of nursing, under the auspices of the Institute of Medicine and the Pew Foundation, arrived at similar conclusions (Pew, 1995; Wunderlich, Sloan, & Devis, 1996). The Pew Foundation report recommended closure of up to 20% of diploma and associate degree programs (Pew).
The U.S. government has made some efforts to support nursing education. The 1964 Nurse Training Act, enacted during a nurse shortage, supported nursing education through financial support for nursing school construction, loans, and scholarships (Kalisch & Kalisch, 1995). The Medicare program, established by the Social Security Amendment Act of 1965 to provide health coverage for the elderly, has partially reimbursed hospitals for education of health care workers, including nurses (King, 1996).
Since 1994, there has been a decline in overall enrollment to all types of U.S. nursing programs (National League, 1997). However, there has been an increase in the number of registered nurses holding associate degrees or diplomas who are attending university to attain the baccalaureate level.
Of the three types of educational preparation, most RNs are from community college programs. In 1996, there were 876 two-year associate degree programs, 523 fouryear baccalaureate degree programs, and 109 three-year diploma programs hi the U.S. (National League, 1997). The number of diploma programs has declined precipitously during the last decades, from more than 900 during the late 1950s (National League), yet Medicare-generated money, a large source of support for basic nursing education, is still being entirely distributed to hospitals (Aiken & Gwyther, 1995; King, 1996).
The U.S. is currently experiencing dramatic changes in its health care system. Since people are discharged earlier in order to control costs, leading to a reduction in hospital bed requirements, there are decreased hospital employment opportunities for nurses but expanding community needs. Meanwhile, those in-hospital patients are more acutely ill than ever before and requiring highly educated caregivers. The diverse basic preparation of American registered nurses has been identified by some nurses as a significant barrier to nursing's advancement as a profession, yet the issue remains contentious (Jacobs, DiMattio, Bishop, & Fields, 1998).
These patterns of nursing education across three continents offer remarkable similarities. The international influence of Nightingale and the difficulties encountered as nursing education laboriously moves from hospitals to universities, via junior educational institutions, are common threads. As historian Charles Rosenberg wrote: "Every factor that had facilitated the creation of this novel enterprise [trained nursing] conspired ultimately to limit and constrain its professional horizons" (1987, p. 231).
Yet the 1980s and 1990s have generally been years of positive change for nursing education. Through fiscal mandates and awareness of nurses' educational rights, nursing students' service to hospitals has been almost completely abandoned. In Australia and New Zealand, nursing education has further evolved and is presently entirely at the baccalaureate level. In the United Kingdom, nursing education is in the process of completely moving into higher education with university-based diplomas, three-year, and four-year baccalaureate programs. In the United States, with its historic emphasis on individuality, nursing education remains divided. Hospital-based nursing education programs persist, although their number has sharply declined, and the majority of U.S. nurses graduate from two-year degree programs. However, nursing education in the United States is now primarily college-based and the American Nurses Association continues to lend its significant support to one entry level, a baccalaureate degree, for preregistration nursing education.
- Aiken, L.H., & Gwyther, M.E. (1995). Medicare funding of nurse education. JAMA, 273(19), 1528-1532.
- American Nurses Association. (1995). Compendium of position statements on education. Washington, DC: Author.
- BaIy, M.E. (1988). Florence Nightingale and the nursing legacy. London: Groom Helm.
- Brown, E.L. (1948). Nursing for the future. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Carpenter, H. (1971). An improved system of nursing education for New Zealand. Assignment Report June-September. Wellington Department of Health.
- Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schools. (1934). Nursing schools today and tomorrow. New York: The Committee.
- Pagin, C.M., & Lynaugh, J.E. (1992). Reaping the rewards of radical change: A new agenda for nursing education. Nursing Outlook, 40(5), 213-220.
- Goldmark, J. (1923) Nursing and nursing education in the United States. New York: Macmillan.
- Jacobs, L.A., DiMattio, M.K., Bishop, T.L., & Fields, S.D. (1998). The baccalaureate degree in nursing as an entry-level requirement for professional nursing practice. Journal of Professional Nursing, 14(4), 225-233.
- Kalisch, P.A., & Kaiisch, B.J. (1995). The advance of American nursing. (3rd. ed.) Boston: Little Brown & Co.
- King, C.S. (1996). Funding nursing education: The Medicare dilemma. Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly, 2(1), 9-12.
- Kinross, N. (1984). Nursing education in New Zealand: A developmental perspective. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 21(3), 193-199.
- Lancet Commission on Nursing. (1932). (Chairman The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres). London: HMSO.
- Lusk, B. (1995). Professional strategies and attributes of Chicago hospital nurses during the great depression. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.
- Ministry of Health. (1947). Report of the Committee on the Training and Recruitment of Nurses (Chairman Sir Robert Wood). London: HMSO.
- Montag, M.L. (1959). Community college education for nursing, New York: McGraw-Hill.
- National League for Nursing. (1997). Nursing datasource, 1997. (Vol. 1). Trends in contemporary nursing education. New York: National League for Nursing Press Pub. #19-7513.
- Nursing Education in Australian Universities. (1994). Report of the National Review of Nurse Education in the Higher Education sector, 1994 and beyond. (Prof. J.C. Reid, Chair). Canberra: ACPS.
- Pew Health Professions Commission. (1995). Critical Challenges: Revitalizing the health professions for the twenty-first century. Third Report of the Pew Health Professions Commission.
- Report of the Committee on Nursing to Secretary of State for Social Services. (1972). (Chairman Professor Asa Briggs). London: HMSO.
- Rodgers, J. (1987). . . .A good nurse. . .A good woman. In R. Openshaw, & D. McKenzie (Eds.), Reinterpreting the educational past: Essays in the history of New Zealand education. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
- Rosenberg, C.E. (1987). The care of strangers. New York: Basic Books.
- Royal College of Nursing (1964). A Reform of Nursing Education. First report of the special committee on nursing education. (Chairman Sir Harold Platt). London: RCN.
- Royal College of Nursing. (1997). Shaping the future of nursing education. London: RCN.
- Russell, R.L. (1990). From Nightingale to now: Nurse education in Australia. Sydney: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovicn.
- Styles, M. (1990). Controlling nursing's destiny. Keynote address, Royal College of Nursing, Australia, Annual Conference, Brisbane.
- United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. (1986). Project 2000: A new preparation for practice. London: HMSO.
- United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. (1990). The report of the post registration education and practice project. London: HMSO.
- White R. (1985). Educational entry requirements for nurse registration: A historical perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 10(6), 583-590.
- Wunderlich, G.S., Sloan, F.A, & Davis, C.K. (1996). Nursing staff in hospitals and nursing homes: Is it adequate? Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Principal Academic Venue and Length of Prereglstration Nursing Programs<|endoftext|>类型： 气垫传奇 桑尼 球鞋 乔丹 卡罗 签下 气垫 美国 2023
主演： 马特·达蒙 杰森·贝特曼 本·阿弗莱克 克里斯·梅西纳 维奥拉·戴维斯 朱利叶斯·特农 达米安·德拉诺·杨 克里斯·塔克 马修·马希尔 古斯塔·斯卡斯加德 芭芭拉·苏科瓦 杰·摩尔 乔·格拉什 迈克尔·奥尼尔 马龙·韦恩斯 比利·史密斯 艾尔·马德里加尔 丹·布卡廷斯基 杰西卡·格林 安迪·赫希
导演： 本·阿弗莱克
这部电影的情节很有深度，让我思考了很多生命的意义。
精美的画面和场景设计让人仿佛置身于电影中。
这部电影的拍摄手法非常独特，让我看到了电影的另一种可能性。
这是一部非常有启发性的电影，让人对生活有了更深刻的认识。
这部电影的台词非常经典，让人印象深刻。
影片中的场景设计非常用心，每一个细节都让人印象深刻。
这部电影的配乐和音效都非常出色，让我感受到了电影的氛围和情绪。
演员们的演技真的很出色，每个角色都被诠释得淋漓尽致。
影迷1：
剧情的转折点让我眼前一亮，完全没有想到的意外收获。<|endoftext|>The Gulf of Mexico may have a much greater natural ability to self-clean oil spills than previously believed, according to Terry Hazen, University of Tennessee—Oak Ridge National Laboratory Governor’s Chair for Environmental Biotechnology.
The bioremediation expert presented his Deepwater Horizon disaster research findings at the 245th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), the world’s largest scientific society.
Hazen conducted research following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, which is estimated to have spilled 210 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. His research team used a powerful new approach for identifying microbes in the environment to discover previously unknown and naturally occurring bacteria that consume and break down crude oil.
“The Deepwater Horizon oil provided a new source of nutrients in the deepest waters,” said Hazen. “With more food present in the water, there was a population explosion among those bacteria already adapted to using oil as a food source. It was surprising how fast they consumed the oil. In some locations, it took only one day for them to reduce a gallon of oil to a half gallon. In others, the half-life for a given quantity of spilled oil was six days.”
This data suggests that a great potential for intrinsic bioremediation of oil plumes exists in the deep sea and other environs in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil-eating bacteria are natural inhabitants of the Gulf because of the constant supply of oil as food.
Hazen’s team used a novel approach for identifying previously recognized kinds of oil-eating bacteria that contributed to the natural clean up of the Deepwater Horizon spill. Instead of growing the microbes in a laboratory, the team used “ecogenomics.” This approach uses genetic and other analyses of the DNA, proteins, and other footprints of bacteria to provide a more detailed picture of microbial life in the water.
“The bottom line from this research may be that the Gulf of Mexico is more resilient and better able to recover from oil spills than anyone thought,” Hazen said. “It shows that we may not need the kinds of heroic measures proposed after the Deepwater Horizon spill, like adding nutrients to speed up the growth of bacteria that break down oil, or using genetically engineered bacteria. The Gulf has a broad base of natural bacteria, and they respond to the presence of oil by multiplying quite rapidly.”
The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. For more information, visit www.acs.org.
C O N T A C T :
Terry Hazen (865-974-7709, [email protected])
Whitney Heins (865-974-5460, [email protected])<|endoftext|>America Past, America Present: Genes and Languages in the Americas and Beyond
Aspects of the prehistory of the Americas currently remain little understood, with suggested dates for the first human colonization varying widely between 40,000 and 14,000 years ago. In this volume, molecular geneticists and historical linguists debate the evidence for the first peopling of the Americas, and for the subsequent emergence of the remarkable genetic and linguistic diversity still seen among Native Americans to this day. Part I offers a general consideration of the theme of language distribution and genetic variation in human populations with emphasis on the population-specific polymorphism issue. In parts II and III linguistic variation in Native American populations and their accompanying molecular genetic variability are discussed by leading specialists. In the final part unanswered questions in historical linguistics are debated, including the macrofamily problem with particular reference to the postulated but contoversial Amerind family.
12 Seiten stimmen mit dem Suchbegriff "Indo-European" in diesem Buch überein.
Ergebnisse 1-3 von 12
Was andere dazu sagen - Rezension schreiben
The genetic origins of Old Testament priests
4 weitere Abschnitte werden nicht angezeigt.<|endoftext|>سخنان وی پس از نظرسنجی آنلاین هریس اینتراکتیو که روز چهارشنبه منتشر شد ، حاکی از آن است که اگر دور دوم انتخابات ریاست جمهوری فرانسه ، که فعلاً برای آوریل 2022 برنامه ریزی شده بود ، امروز برگزار می شد ، لوپن 48 درصد آرا را در مقایسه با 52 رای ماکرون به دست می آورد. ٪ – بیشترین حمایتی که سیاستمدار محافظه کار در سالهای گذشته داشته است.
این نظرسنجی از بین 1403 نفر بالای 18 سال انجام شده است که اکثریت آنها رأی دهندگان ثبت نام شده در انتخابات هستند.
در سال 2017 ، رئیس جمهور رالی ملی 7.6 میلیون رأی در مقایسه با 8.6 میلیون ماركون در دور اول انتخابات ریاست جمهوری به دست آورد. با این حال ، هیچ نامزدی موفق به کسب حمایت 50 درصدی برای اعلام رئیس جمهور فرانسه نشد. در انتخابات دور دوم ، لوپن تنها با 34٪ آرا به ماركون باخت.<|endoftext|>BBC için yapılan bir araştırma, İngiltere’de kadınların yarısından fazlasının, erkeklerin de beşte birinin iş yerinde cinsel tacize maruz kaldığına işaret ediyor.
ABD’de Oscar ödüllü yapımcı Harvey Weinstein’in onlarca yıl boyunca çok sayıda kadını taciz ettiği iddialarından ardından dünya genelinde birçok
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subìto numerose e profonde trasformazioni territoriali dalla loro iniziale concezione come repubblica unitaria. Sul grande spazio occupato dal vicereame di Nuova Spagna nei secoli XVI, XVII e XVIII in America del Nord, quel primo abbozzo di una possibile unità territoriale fu reso possibile dalla conquista e dalla colonizzazione di vaste aree abitate da gruppi molto diversi e da culture che sino ad allora non avevano avuto alcun contatto con il continente europeo.
Per secoli prima della conquista le tre grandi regioni oggi note come Aridoamerica, Mesoamerica e Centroamerica erano state occupate da gruppi nomadi e seminomadi (la prima), e da teocrazie militariste e tributarie (le altre due).
Sin dall’epoca preispanica, l’attuale Nord del Messico è stata dunque una regione di difficile controllo, data la sua enorme estensione semidesertica e montuosa, nonché la sua scarsa popolazione stabile; il Centro e il Sud invece, molto più popolati e con una gran varietà climatica e orografica, si sono sempre distinti per la ricchezza di risorse naturali e sociali.
Spesso in anticipo sugli sviluppi della storia internazionale, il gigante latinoamericano è stato perennemente ignorato o avversato dal resto del pianeta. Vittima sacrificale per le potenze occidentali ed enigma indecifrabile per la sua regione. La rivoluzione messicana è ancora in corso.
L’inedito a colori della settimana è un’anticipazione dal nuovo numero di Limes sul Messico.<|endoftext|>Reproduction and development in Halocaridina rubra Holthuis, 1963 (Crustacea: Atyidae) clarifies larval ecology in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem
PublisherNational Science Foundation, Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant program
MetadataShow full item record
Larvae in aquatic habitats often develop in environments different from those they inhabit as adults. Shrimp in the Atyidae exemplify this trend, as larvae of many species require salt or brackish water for development, while adults are freshwater-adapted. An exception within the Atyidae family is the "anchialine clade," which are euryhaline as adults and endemic to habitats with subterranean fresh and marine water influences. Although the Hawaiian anchialine atyid Halocaridina rubra is a strong osmoregulator, its larvae have never been observed in nature. Moreover, larval development in anchialine species is poorly studied. Here, reproductive trends in laboratory colonies over a 5-y period are presented from seven genetic lineages and one mixed population of H. rubra; larval survivorship under varying salinities is also discussed. The presence and number of larvae differed significantly among lineages, with the mixed population being the most prolific. Statistical differences in reproduction attributable to seasonality also were identified. Larval survivorship was lowest (12% settlement rate) at a salinity approaching fresh water and significantly higher in brackish and seawater (88% and 72%, respectively). Correlated with this finding, identifiable gills capable of ion transport did not develop until metamorphosis into juveniles. Thus, early life stages of H. rubra are apparently excluded from surface waters, which are characterized by lower and fluctuating salinities. Instead, these stages are restricted to the subterranean (where there is higher and more stable salinity) portion of Hawaii's anchialine habitats due to their inability to tolerate low salinities. Taken together, these data contribute to the understudied area of larval ecology in the anchialine ecosystem.<|endoftext|>Le agenzie di viaggio e turismo sono imprese che esercitano, anche on line, le attività di:
L'anagrafe dell'utenza è la raccolta dei dati sulla composizione familiare e sulla situazione economica e patrimoniale delle famiglie che occupano un alloggio destinato a servizio abitativo pubblico.
Per attività agrituristiche si intendono le attività di ricezione e ospitalità esercitate dagli imprenditori agricoli anche nella forma di società di capitali o di persone, oppu<|endoftext|>روند مشاهده در مراحل اولیه می تواند یک کار چالش برانگیز باشد ، اما حداقل ، اگر می دانید به دنبال چه چیزی هستید می توانید ادامه دهید. پرچم های گاو نر و خرس الگوهای ادامه روند محبوب در تجزیه و تحلیل فنی هستند ، اما در اینجا ، ما روی پرچم خرس تمرکز خواهیم کرد. استراتژی الگوی نمودار پرچم خرس چیست؟
پرچم خرس یک الگوی ادغام قیمت کمی است که پس از حرکت سریع قیمت در یک حرکت سریع شکل می گیرد. این یک کانال کوچک قیمت شیب دار رو به پایین است که می توان با دو خط موازی که از یک کاهش سریع قیمت که قطب پرچم را تشکیل می دهد ، ترسیم کرد. این یک الگوی ادامه نزولی است ، به این معنی که احتمالاً قیمت ادامه روند پیشرو را ادامه خواهد داد.
بیایید نگاهی به این الگوی نمودار بیندازیم. در پایان مقاله ، ما یک استراتژی الگوی پرچم خرس را پشت سر می گذاریم.
فهرست مطالب:
الگوی نمودار پرچم خرس چیست؟
پرچم خرس یک الگوی نمودار ادامه نزولی است که پس از افت سریع قیمت شکل می گیرد. این یک الگوی ادغام قیمت کمی است که پس از حرکت سریع قیمت در یک روند نزولی شکل می گیرد. این پرچم یک کانال قیمت کوچک و شیب دار است که می توان با دو خط موازی با کاهش سریع قیمت که قطب پرچم را تشکیل می دهد ، ترسیم شود.
این الگوی نشان دهنده منطقه ای از ادغام تنگ در عمل قیمت است که یک حرکت ضد روند را نشان می دهد که مستقیماً پس از افت قیمت شدید دنبال می شود. الگوی پرچم خرس دارای این خصوصیات اصلی است:
- روند قبلی: روند نزولی موجود وجود دارد. قبل از الگوی ادغام پرچم خرس ، قیمت معمولاً کاهش سریع را تجربه می کند - این قطب پرچم را تشکیل می دهد.
- کانال ادغام: این الگوی به طور معمول از پنج تا بیست میله قیمت در یک کانال تنگ تشکیل شده است که می تواند یک کانال شیب دار یا افقی باشد. بالای این کانال باید زیر نقطه میانی قطب پرچم باشد. اگر ادغام قیمت مثلثی باشد ، به جای پرچم خرس ، این الگوی به عنوان یک خرس خرس نامیده می شود.
- الگوی حجم: کانال ادغام در کاهش حجم شکل می گیرد اما افزایش حجم شدید در شکست رو به پایین وجود دارد.
- یک شکست: قیمت به روند نزولی می رسد. شکست به وارونه الگوی را باطل می کند.
نمونه ای از الگوی پرچم خرس در زیر بحران (S& P 500) در طول بحران مالی در سال 2008/09 قرار دارد:
به عنوان یک الگوی ادامه نزولی، قیمت احتمالا به روند نزولی قبلی ادامه خواهد داد. به همین دلیل است که از الگوی پرچم خرس برای شناسایی ادامه احتمالی بازار نزولی استفاده می شود. هنگامی که روند نزولی از سر گرفته می شود، افت قیمت بعدی می تواند سریع باشد و با توجه به الگوی پرچم خرس، زمان معامله را سودمند می کند.
گاهی اوقات پرچم خرس را پرچم دار می نامند. در این مقاله با آنها به عنوان یکسان رفتار می کنیم.
پرچم خرس به چه معناست؟
پرچم خرس به معنای توقف حرکت قیمت پس از کاهش سریع قیمت است. این نشانه سود بردن از سوی فروشندگان کوتاه مدت و خرید زودهنگام از سوی خریدارانی است که ظاهراً انتظار یک حرکت فرسوده برای خرید در بازار را داشتند. با نگاهی به تصویر، متوجه خواهید شد که الگو از قطب پرچم تشکیل شده است، که یک حرکت شیب دار به سمت پایین قبل از عقب نشینی است، و خود پرچم نشان دهنده بازگشت واقعی است.
قطب پرچم نشان دهنده افت قیمت تقریباً وحشتناک در بازار است که گویی برخی از دارندگان قبلی به تازگی تسلیم شده اند. سپس یک گربه مرده کوچک به دنبال آن پرش می کند که پرچم را تشکیل می دهد. اتفاقی که افتاد این است که فروش اولیه از طریق مقداری سود به پایان می رسد.
در همین حال، برخی از معامله گران نیز در حال ورود به موقعیت های خرید هستند که به دنبال یک معکوس هستند، و این باعث می شود قیمت در جهتی صعودی حرکت کند و محدوده تنگی را تشکیل دهد که پایین ترین و اوج های بالاتر را کمی بالاتر می برد. اما همچنان فشار فروش وجود دارد، همانطور که با شکست بعدی به سمت نزول نشان داده شده است.
شکست در زیر خط روند پایین تر، فروشندگان را به وحشت می اندازد، زیرا روند نزولی دوباره روند نزولی را از سر می گیرد. به عنوان یک معامله گر، در طول ادغام، باید آماده باشید که در صورت شکست قیمت از مرز پایین کانال، اقدامی انجام دهید، زیرا آنچه در پی خواهد آمد کاهش سریع دیگری است زیرا خرس ها دوباره کنترل را در دست دارند تا مجبور به فروش مجدد شوند.
موفقیت یک پرچم خرس می تواند پس از یک حرکت نزولی قابل توجه به دلیل افزایش احتمالی مقاومت بالای سر بیشتر باشد. علاوه بر این، زمانی که نوسان پایینی که الگو را شروع میکند نیز به پایینترین حد خود برسد، افت قیمت نیز به دلیل عدم پشتیبانی احتمالی اساسی بسیار زیاد است.
پرچم خرس در معاملات چگونه است؟
همانطور که قبلاً اشاره کردیم ، یک پرچم خرس یک قطب نزولی دارد که با کاهش سریع قیمت تشکیل شده است و پرچم که یک کانال قیمت تنگ است. خطوط موازی که مرزهای پرچم خرس را تشکیل می دهند می توانند به سمت بالا شیب یا افقی بمانند. تنظیم هنگامی که قیمت زیر مرز پایین تر می شود ، تکمیل می شود تا با رو به پایین ادامه یابد.
بهترین استراتژی ها را می توان در….
فروشگاه استراتژی
استراتژی های معاملاتی پشتی
بنابراین ، شناسایی پرچم خرس بسیار آسان است اگر قطعات را درک کنید. در اینجا مواردی که باید به دنبال آن باشید:
- قطب پرچم را با کاهش قیمت قابل توجهی ایجاد کنید. این کاهش می تواند شیب دار یا به آرامی شیب دار باشد و پایه و اساس روند نزولی را ایجاد می کند.
- به دنبال خود پرچم خرس باشید ، که یک دوره ادغام پس از کاهش قیمت اولیه است. ممکن است توجه داشته باشید که قیمت به آرامی کانال ها را به سمت بالا کانال می کند و بخشی از حرکت اولیه را مجدداً بازسازی می کند. این اصلاح هرگز نباید بیش از نیمی از کاهش قیمت اولیه باشد. صبر کنید تا قیمت زیر مرز پایین پرچم شکسته شود. این شکست همان چیزی است که مجموعه تجارت پرچم خرس را تکمیل می کند. در این مرحله می توانید یک موقعیت کوتاه فروش وارد کنید. هدف سود یک ارزش بالقوه برای سودآوری پس از کاهش قیمت بعدی است. شما با اندازه گیری فاصله کاهش اولیه ، هدف سود را شناسایی می کنید. سپس این مقدار را می توان از خط بالای پرچم ادغام کم کرد.
چگونه یک الگوی پرچم خرس را تجارت می کنید؟
شما یک پرچم خرس را در جهت نزولی تجارت می کنید - این بدان معنی است که با اتمام الگوی ، یک موقعیت کوتاه را باز می کنید.
اما چگونه می دانید چه موقع یک موقعیت ، نوع سفارش استفاده ، ضرر توقف و هدف سود خود را باز کنید؟در اینجا مراحل دنبال شده است:
- الگوی را مشخص کنید: به دنبال کاهش قیمت شدید (قطب پرچم) باشید که پس از آن یک دوره ادغام قیمت (پرچم) دنبال می شود. پرچم ممکن است یک محدوده افقی یا کمی جابجایی به سمت بالا باشد.
- مرزهای فوقانی و پایین پرچم را علامت گذاری کنید: از خطوط روند استفاده کنید تا مرزهای فوقانی و پایین کانال را تشکیل دهید که پرچم را تشکیل می دهد.
- منتظر یک شکست رو به پایین در زیر پرچم باشید: قیمت تا زمانی که از کانال خارج شود ، در داخل کانال بالا و پایین می رود. شکست می تواند به نزولی یا صعود باشد ، که این الگوی را باطل می کند مگر اینکه قیمت پیشرفت نکند بلکه در عوض وارد کانال شود - در این حالت ، شکست صعودی تبدیل به یک جعلی می شود. شما مراقب یک شکست رو به پایین هستید.
- حجم شکست را بررسی کنید: هنگامی که یک شکست نزولی اتفاق می افتد ، حجم معاملات نوار Breakout Price را بررسی کنید. شما می خواهید با یک حجم معاملاتی عظیم ، این شکست را ببینید.
- یک موقعیت کوتاه وارد کنید: اگر همه چیز چک می شود ، یک موقعیت کوتاه وارد کنید. می توانید سفارش فروش بازار یا سفارش توقف فروش را قرار دهید. ممکن است یک سفارش محدودیت فروش کار نکند زیرا افت قیمت که به دنبال یک شکست است معمولاً سریع است و قیمت به ندرت برای بازآفرینی سطح برک آوت باز می گردد ، ممکن است ترتیب محدودیت ایجاد نشود. با این حال ، به خاطر داشته باشید که فروش کوتاه دشوار است. چرا فروش کوتاه دشوار است؟
- ضرر و زیان توقف و هدف سود خود را قرار دهید: می توانید ضرر توقف خود را بالاتر از بالاترین سطح پرچم قرار دهید. برای هدف سود خود ، ابتدا فاصله کاهش اولیه را اندازه گیری می کنید و سپس مقدار را از خط بالای پرچم که در آن آخرین کاهش شروع شده است ، کم می کنید.
در اینجا یک پرچم خرس در نمودار AUDUSD وجود دارد که نشان دهنده ورود بالقوه تجارت ، از دست دادن توقف و هدف سود است. توجه داشته باشید که چگونه هدف سود اندازه گیری می شود.
نمودار بالا یک الگوی پرچم خرس و سطح بالقوه از دست دادن را نشان می دهد و از کجا می توان سود کسب کرد.
آیا پرچم خرس می تواند صعودی باشد؟
نه ، همانطور که از نام آن پیداست ، پرچم خرس یک الگوی نمودار ادامه نزولی است و پس از شکستن قیمت زیر انتهای پایین ادغام پرچم ، کاهش قیمت بالقوه را نشان می دهد.
با این وجود ، قیمت هنوز هم می تواند از انتهای بالای کانال ادغام پرچم شکسته شود و باعث وارونگی روند شود. در حقیقت ، حتی ممکن است این شکست وارونه از کانال پس از یک شکست کاذب به سمت نزولی رخ دهد. اما این باعث نمی شود که پرچم خرس صعودی باشد. در عوض ، وقتی این اتفاق می افتد ، به این معنی است که الگوی پرچم خرس باطل شده است.
پرچم خرس در مقابل پرچم گاو
پرچم های خرس و پرچم های گاو از بسیاری جهات مشابه هستند: آنها هر دو الگوی مداوم هستند و سازه های مشابهی دارند (قطب پرچم و پرچم). با این حال ، آنها تصاویر آینه ای از خود هستند و در روندهای مختلف شکل می گیرند.
پرچم خرس در یک روند نزولی شکل می گیرد ، جایی که شما می توانید کاهش قیمت را مشاهده کنید و پس از آن ادغام و سپس شکست برای ادامه روند نزولی. بنابراین ، این یک الگوی ادامه نزولی است.
از طرف دیگر ، پرچم گاو نر در یک صعب العبور شکل می گیرد ، جایی که می توانید افزایش قیمت را دنبال کنید و پس از آن ادغام و سپس شکست برای ادامه روند صعودی. بنابراین ، پرچم گاو یک الگوی ادامه صعودی است.
استراتژی معاملات الگوی نمودار پرچم Bear (Backtest و مثال)
به دلیل کلیه قوانین مورد نیاز ، استراتژی تجارت الگوی پرچم خرس را با قوانین و تنظیمات سختگیرانه انجام می دهد. البته ممکن است ، اما ما معتقدیم که برخی از مطالب منتشر شده به اندازه کافی خوب هستند.
به جای یک پشتی کمکی با قوانین تجاری تعریف شده ، ما به داده های کتاب توماس بلکوفسکی از اواخر دهه 90 به نام دائر ycl المعارف الگوهای نمودار متکی هستیم. کتاب او مبتنی بر قوانین دقیق یا داده های محور داده های محور نیست ، بلکه بر اساس تأیید بصری است. با این وجود ، ما معتقدیم یافته های او تقریب مناسبی از سودمندی پرچم های خرس (و پنبه ها) است.
Bulkowski ، یک مهندس ، نشست و در طی یک دوره پنج سال از 500 سهام در سازندهای فنی عبور کرد. این یک بانک اطلاعاتی کل 2 500 سال را به دست آورد ، اگرچه البته منابع خطا وجود دارد زیرا همه سهام از همان دوره زمانی هستند. در کل ، وی بیش از 15000 سازنده فنی را ثبت کرد ، که از این تعداد مستطیل ها را به دو گروه تقسیم کرد: پایین مستطیل و تاپ های مستطیل.
در جدول زیر همه اطلاعات مربوط به پرچم ها و پنبه های کتاب Bulkowski را خلاصه می کنیم. به خاطر داشته باشید که این آمار کلی برای پرچم ها و پنبه ها است ، نه تنها یک پرچم خرس.
|شرح||پرچم||سکه|
|#اطلاعات در بین 500 سهام از 1991 تا 1996||144||106|
|وارونه یا ادغام||130 ادغام 14 معکوس||97 ادغام 9 وارونه|
|نرخ شکست در یک صعود||10 (13 ٪)||12 (19 ٪)|
|نرخ خرابی در یک روند نزولی||8 (12 ٪)||15 (34 ٪)|
آمار برای پرچم ها و پنبه ها وقتی روند قیمت در حال افزایش است:
|شرح||پرچم||سکه|
|مدت روند قیمت||62 روز||53 روز|
|افزایش AVG منجر به شکل گیری می شود||19 ٪||22 ٪|
|افزایش AVG پس از تشکیل||19 ٪||21 ٪|
|به احتمال زیاد بعد از شکل گیری افزایش می یابد||20 ٪||15 تا 20 ٪|
|از کسانی که موفق می شوند ، # جلسه یا بیش از قیمت قیمت||63 ٪||58 ٪|
آمار برای پرچم ها و پنبه ها در حال کاهش روند قیمت است:
|شرح||پرچم||سکه|
|مدت روند قیمت||50 روز||52 روز|
|کاهش AVG منجر به شکل گیری می شود||18 ٪||17 ٪|
|کاهش AVG پس از تشکیل||17 ٪||17 ٪|
|به احتمال زیاد پس از تشکیل کاهش می ی
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alienation rights by tenants ended feudalism in England. Quia Emptores only formalized that end. In essence, feudalism was turned on its head. The ones with the apparent rights were the tenant class, while the great lords were still beholden to the Crown.
In the opinion of Pollack and Maitland, it is a mistake to conclude that Quia Emptores was enacted in the interest of the great lords. The one person who had all to gain and nothing to lose was the King.
The Statute was considered a compromise. It allowed a continuance of the practice of selling (alienating) land, tenancy, rights and privileges for money or other value, but by substitution. One tenant could be replaced by many. In this, the great lords were forced to concede to the right of alienation to the tenants. They had been at risk of losing their services by apportionment and economic dilution. This practice had been going on for some time. Quia Emptores merely attempted to rationalize and control these practices. The great lords gained by ending the practice of subinfeudation with its consequent depreciation of escheat, wardship and marriage. History would indicate the great lords were winners as well as the Crown, since land bought from lowly tenants had a tendency to stay within their families, as has been noted above.
The process of escheat was affected by Quia Emptores. Expulsion of tenants from the land for failure to perform was always a difficult idea, and usually necessitated a lengthy court battle. The lord who escheated could not profit from the land, and had to hold it open for the tenant who could fulfill the obligation at a future date. Quia Emptores laid out, with some definition which had previously been lacking in the issue of tenures. In a sense, the old stereotypes were locked in place.
Every feoffment made by a new tenant could not be in frankalmoign, since the donee was a layman; it would be reckoned by the laws of socage. Socage grew at the expense of frankalmoign. The tenant in chief could not alienate without the license of the King. Petty serjeanty came to be treated as "socage in effect".
Later history by jurisdiction
England and Wales
The statute of Quia Emptores does not apply to the creation of a leasehold estate or sub-letting, as a leasehold estate is not considered a feudal estate being neither inheritable or capable of existing forever.
The statute was repealed in Ireland by the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act, 2009.
Colonial America and the United States
- Grants of the English Colonies
- De Peyster v. Michael, New York
- Van Renssalaer v. Hayes, New York
- Miller v. Miller, Kansas
- Mandelbaum v. McDonnell, Michigan
- Cuthbert v. Kuhn, Pennsylvania
- New York State Constitution
The English colonies in North America were founded upon royal grants or licenses. Specifically, British colonization of North America was by charter colony or proprietary colony. In this sense, they were founded upon the principles outlined by Quia Emptores. The territories were granted under conditions by which English law controlled private estates of land. The colonies were royal grants. An entire province, or any part of it, could be leased, sold or otherwise disposed of like a private estate. In 1664, the Duke of York sold New Jersey to Berkeley and Carteret. The sale was effected by deeds of lease and release. In 1708, William Penn mortgaged Pennsylvania, and under his will devising the province legal complications arose which necessitated a suit in chancery. Over time, Quia Emptores was suspended in the colonies. Arguably, certain aspects of it may still be in effect in some of the original colony states such as New York, Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. However, like everything else involving Quia Emptores, opinion varies, and some element of confusion reigns. Some U.S. state court decisions have dealt with Quia Emptores. Prominent among these was the 1852 New York case of De Peyster v. Michael. There the court record is useful in describing the nature of English feudalism: "At common law a feoffment in fee did not originally pass an estate in the sense in which the term is now understood. The purchaser took only a usufructary interest, without the power of alienation in prejudice of the lord. In default of heirs, the tenure became extinct and the land reverted to the lord. Under the system of English feudal tenures, all lands in the Kingdom, were supposed to be holden mediately or immediately of the King who was styled the 'lord paramount', or above all. Such tenants as held under the King immediately, when they granted out portions of their lands to inferior persons, also became lords with respect to those inferior persons, since they were still tenants with respect to the King, and thus partaking of a middle nature were called "mesne' or 'middle lords'. So, if the King granted a manor to A and A granted a portion of the land to B, now B was said to hold of A, and A of the King; or in other words, B held his lands immediately of A and mediately of the King. The King was therefore styled 'Lord Paramount'; A was both tenant and lord, or a mesne lord, and B was called 'tenant paravail', or the lowest tenant. Out of the feudal tenures or holdings sprung certain rights and incidents, among those which were fealty and escheat. Both these were incidents of socage tenure. Fealty is the obligation of fidelty which the tenant owed to the lord. Escheat was the reversion of the estate on a grant in fee simple upon a failure of the heirs of the owner. Fealty was annexed to and attendant on the reversion. They were inseparable. These incidents of feudal tenure belonged to the lord of whome the lands were immediately holden, that is to say, to him of whom the owner for the time being purchased. These grants were called subinfeudations."
In this case, the New York court offered the opinion that Quia Emptores had never been effect in the colonies. A different opinion was rendered by the New York court in the 1859 case of Van Rensselaer v. Hays (19 NY 68) where is was written that Quia Emptores had always been in effect in New York and all the colonies. There, the court noted: "In the early vigor of the feudal system, a tenant in fee could not alienate the feud without the consent of the immediate superior; but this extreme rigor was soon afterward relaxed, and it was avoided by the practice of subinfeudation, which consisted in the tenant enfeoffing another to hold of himself by the fealty and such services as might be reserved by the act of feoffment. Thus, a new tenure was created upon every alienation; and thus there arose a series of lords of the same lands, the first called the 'chief lord' holding immediately of the sovereign, the next grade holding of them, and so on, each alienation creating another lord and another tenant. This practice was considered detrimental to the great lords, since it deprived them to a certain extent the fruits of their tenure, such as escheats, marriages,wardships and the like."
From 28 Am Jur 2nd Estates section 4: "The effect of Statute Quia Emptores is obvious. By declaring that every freeman might sell his lands at his own pleasure, it removed the feudal restraint which prevented the tenant from selling his land without the license of his grantor, who was his feudal lord. Hence by virtue of the Statute, passed in 1290, subinfeudation was abolished and all persons except the King's tenants in capite were left at liberty to alien all or any part of their lands at their own pleasure and discretion. Quia Emptores is by express wording, extended only to the lands held in fee simple. Included in its applications, however are leases in fee and fee farmlands. Property in the U. S., with few exceptions, is allodial. This is by virtue of state constitutional provisions, organic territorial acts incorporated into legal systems of states subsequently organized, statutes and decisions of the courts. They are subject to escheat only in the event of failure of successors in ownership."
In the 1913 case of Miller v. Miller, the Kansas court stated: "Feudal tenures do not and cannot exist. All tenures in Kansas are allodial."
The Supreme Court of Michigan expressed the opinion that whether Statute Quia Emptores ever became effectual in any part of the United States by express or implied adoption or as part of the common law did not have to be ascertained. It was clear that no such statute was ever needed in Michigan or in any of the western states, because no possibility of reverter or escheat in the party converying an estate ever existed. At all times, escheat could only accrue to the sovereign, which in Michigan, is the state.
The Statute Quia Emptores was stated not to be in effect in the state of Pennsylvania in Cuthbert v. Kuhn
The New York Constitution makes any question of Quia Emptores moot by stating: "all lands within this state are declared allodial, so that, subject only to liability to escheat, the entire and absolute property is vested in the owners, according to the nature of their respective estates."
Legacy of Quia Emptores in United States Law
Although it is a matter of debate whether Quia Emptores was the effective law within the colonies, the effect of the Statute is still present in United States land laws. Without a doubt, the U.S. Constitution, and various state constitutions and legislative acts have made Quia Emptores moribund in fact. But the language of land law still sounds medieval, and takes its concepts from the time of Edward I and before. The following list of words common in U.S. land law are from Norman England (with their modern meaning in the United States):
- Alienation - "a sale"
- Appurtenant - "belonging to"
- Damnum absque injuria - "injury without wrong"
- Demise - "to lease" or "let" premises
- Enfeoff - "to give land to another"
- Estate - "an interest in land"
- Feoffee - "a party to whom a fee is conveyed"
- Feoffment - "physical delivery of possession of land by feoffeor to the feofee"
- Leasehold - "an estate in land held under a lease"
- Livery of seisin - "delivery of possession"
- Purchase - "voluntary transfer of property"
- Seisin - "possession of a freehold estate"
- Tenant - "one who holds or occupies the land under some kind of right or title"
- Writ of Fieri Facias - "writ of execution on the property of a judgment debtor"
The terms "fee", "fee tail", "fee tail estate", "fee tail tenant", "fee simple" and the like are essentially the same as they were defined in De Donis Conditionalibus in 1285.
There are four kinds of deeds in common usage:
- warranty deed, which contains covenants for title.
- special warranty deed in which the grantor only covenants to warrant and defend the title.
- deed without covenants in which the grantor purports to convey in fee simple
- quitclaim deed in which the grantor makes no covenants for title but grants all rights, title and interest.
- Plucknett, T, “Concise History of the Common Law”, p. 712- 724, Little, Brown and Co. 1956
- Stubbs Select Charters and Robertson, Laws of the Kings of England
- Plucknett, T. “Concise History of the Common Law”, p. 22-23, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1956
- Charter 1217, c. 39
- Coke, 2nd Inst. 65
- Plucknett, p. 23, ibid.
- Plucknett, p. 24, ibid.
- Charter, 1217, c. 39
- Coke, 2nd Inst. 65
- P & M, Vol . 1 p. 332, ibid.
- Bracton, f. 169 b, Notebook pl. 1248
- Glanvill, vii, 1, restated in Plucknett p, 526
- Pollock and Maitland vol. 1, pp. 335–6
- Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, Vol 1., p. 329, Cambridge University Press, 1968
- Coke, 2nd Inst. 65; Co. Lit. 43a
- Wright, Tenures, 154
- Gilbert, Tenures, p. 51-52
- Blackstone, Com. Ii, 71-2
- Pollock and Maitland, Vol 1, p. 329, ibid.
- P & M, p. 129 ibid.
- Pollock and Maitland, p. 330-331, ibid.
- Glanvill, vii. 1
- Dr. Brunner, Pol. Science Quarterly, xi. 339
- P & M p. 332, ibid.
- Bracton, f. 23, passage “addicio”
- Bracton, f. 23
- Bracton, f.48
- Bracton, f. 45 b, 46
- Bracton, f. 169; Notebook pl. 1248
- Bracton f. 45 b-46 b
- P & M, p. 332, ibid.
- P & M, p. 332, ibid.
- Bracton f. 21 b
- Bracton, f. 81
- P & M, Vol. 1 p. 333, ibid.
- Bracton, f. 82
- Pollock and Maitland vol. 1, p. 337
- Pollock and Maitland, vol. 1, pp. 218–230
- Pollock and Maitland, vol 1, p. 337
- Pollock and Maitland vol. 1 pp. 355–366
- Megarry, Wade and Harpum (2012), The Law of Real Property (8th Edition), 3-015 (p.42)
- 6,NY 467; quoted in 28 Am. Jur 2nd Estates, §§ 3 and 4
- Case text repeated in 28 Am Jur 2nd Estates §§ 3 and 4
- Miller v. Miller, 91 Kan 1, 136 P 953
- Mandelbaum v. McDonell, 29 Michigan 78
- 3 Whart. Pa 357
- New York State Constitution Article 1; 12
- 28 American Jurisprudence 2nd Estates
- 61 American Jurisprudence 2nd Perpetuities and Restraints on Alienation
- Henderson, E. F., Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, George Bell and Sons, London, 1910 (pp. 149–150)
- Holdsworth, W. S., A History of English Law, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1927
- Holdsworth, W. S., Some Makers of English Law, The Tagore Series, 1937–1938, Cambridge University Press, 1938
- Kirkalfy, A. K. R. Potter's Historical Introduction to English Law and Its Institutions, Sweet and Maxwell Ltd. London, 1962
- Plucknett, Theodore, A Concise History of the Common Law, Fifth Edition, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1956
- Pollock and Maitland, The History of the English Law, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1968. Specifically, from Volume 1, pp. 332–335; 337; 354–356; 608–610; Volume 2 pp. 292–294
- Robertson, A. J., Laws of the Kings of England, Cambridge University Press, 1925
- Roebuck, Derek, Background of the Common Law, Oxford, 1990
- Stoner, James R., Common Law and Liberal Theory, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 1992
- Stubbs, W. H., Select Charters and the Illustrations of English Constitutional History, Clarendon Press, 1903
- The Origins of Property in Land Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (McMaster University)
- Lyall, Andrew, "Quia Emptores in Ireland" in Liber memorialis: Professor James C. Brady, Round Hall Sweet & Maxwell, 2001, pp. 275–294.
- Quia Emptores legal history
- Quia Emptores (Yale)
- Text of the Quia Emptores as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from the UK Statute Law Database<|endoftext|>Washington, 23 maggio 2019 - Dagli Usa affondo a Julian Assange. Il fondatore di Wikileaks è stato incriminato con ben 17 capi d'accusa sulla base dell'Espionage Act per avere cospirato per ottenere e pubblicato nel 2010 documenti diplomatici e militari top secret.
Si tratta di quei documenti che furono trafugati dall'ex analista dell'intelligence Usa Chelsea Manning e passati all'organizzazione di Assange mettendo in grave imbarazzo l'amministrazione americana e per i quali ora Assange rischia fino a 170 anni di carcere.
Le nuove accuse rappresentano una clamorosa svolta che va ben al di là del suo caso. "Una minaccia contro tutti i giornalisti" le ha definite il legale di Assange subito dopo l'incriminazione. A detta di molti osservatori, infatti, l'azione senza precedenti contro Assange lascia presagire una severa stretta da parte dell'amministrazione sulla fuga di notizie e suona come una sfida di Donald Trump al primo emendamento della Costituzione americana, quello che protegge la libertà di stampa e i giornalisti.
Non è una novità che The Donald lanci un'offensiva contro il mondo dei media, definiti più volte "nemici del popolo" che diffondini 'fake news'. Secondo il Dipartimento di Giustizia Usa "le azioni di Assange hanno messo seriamente a rischio la sicurezza nazionale degli Stati Uniti e portato benefici ai nostri avversari". In più "Assange, Wikileaks e Manning hanno condiviso l'obiettivo comune di sabotare le restrizioni di legge che riguardano le informazioni riservate". In particolare, la decisione di Assange di pubblicare i nomi di cittadini afgani e
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father's spirit. With such characteristics, Morrison has provided Pilate with the framework to become the "wise one" of the novel.
Pilate might have been poor, but more importantly, she was happy. She did not thirst for wealth like her brother and preferred the simpler things in life. Her behavior demonstrates this how she did not base her happiness on material things. She lived without items that many would consider to be basic necessities. Housing was not a concern for her. She did not have a telephone nor did she have a number on her house. Pilate was not overly concerned with the need…<|endoftext|>Non-English articles
Kapitalizm meydana geliyor. Ne zaman ve nerede meydana gelirse, kendi özel gölgesini yaratıyor: kapitalizmin ‘modern toplum çok farklı, post-kapitalist ekonomik sistemler kurarak daha iyisini yapabilir’ diyen temel hatasının özeleştirisidir bu. Bu eleştirel gölge -şimdiki gibi kriz dönemlerinde- kayaya çarptığında kapitalizmin ödünü patlatmak için ayağa kalkar. Karl Marx bu gölgeyi manzum bir biçimde kapitalizme dadanan bir hayalet olarak niteliyordu.
A Marxism made in USA: Marx Beyond Althusser? / Un marxisme made in USA : Marx au-delà d’Althusser ?
Cumhurbaşkanı Jacques Chirac’tan en alttakilere kadar, Fransa’nın önde gelen bürokratları, yenildiler. Fransız neo-liberalizmi; sermayenin çıkarları için refah devletinin tasfiye edilişi, ciddi bir darbe aldı. Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinin ve örgütlü emeğin güçlü ittifakı, hükümetin 26 yaşın altındaki işçiler için iş güvencesini ortadan kaldıran yasasına karşı bir zafer kazandı.<|endoftext|>Philippe Dumas and Thomas Koelbel
July 21, 2010 | 2 Comments
London -- Widespread use of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) would open the way for production in virtually every region, transforming geothermal into a major provider of renewable baseload power, claim Philippe Dumas and Thomas Koelbel.
Challenged by climate change and the need to secure sustainable economic growth, Europe wants 20% of its total energy consumption to come from renewable sources by 2020. This goal can only be accomplished by a balanced energy mix, which captures the respective advantages from each energy source and allows them to complement each other to form a working ensemble.
The grid integration of energy from fluctuating supply will have a severe impact on future power networks. Baseload supply and controllability will become increasingly important and geothermal is one of the few renewable energy sources able to supply consistent 24/7 power production. Generation based on the heat from deep inside the earth is also adjustable and therefore geothermal power appears to be an ideal addition to the prospective energy mix.
Geothermal energy utilization is neither new nor negligible. The first electricity production happened as early as in 1907 in the Italian village Larderello, and today more than 50 GWh is generated per year worldwide. Nevertheless, this figure is still small compared with the enormous theoretical potential. There is no geographical restriction to the exploitation of geothermal energy, as the source is present everywhere. However, some regions benefit from more favourable conditions that allow an earlier development of geothermal resources, under more economical conditions, using currently available technology. As a consequence, the majority of the geothermal power plants in Europe are located in Iceland and Italy, where unusually high temperatures at comparatively limited depth dominate.
In these high enthalpy (heat potential relative to depth) regions, steam-driven power plants are deployed. However, the development of new geothermal power plants with low-temperature turbine circuits allows electricity production from low- and medium-temperature resources (between 90°C and 150°C), as demonstrated in Germany and Austria. When we consider the fact that more than 95% of the European land surface lies in low enthalpy regions, it is clear what kind of opportunities exist for future development.
The technical feasibility of geothermal energy generation in low enthalpy areas has long been proved. Although hydrothermal deposits are currently those mostly utilized, there is common consent within the international geothermal community that Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) – formerly known as Hot Dry Rock – as used by the French geothermal prototype facility in Soultz-sous-Forêts, represent the key technology for worldwide development.
EGS, The Renewable Technology for Baseload
The compelling possibility is that with EGS, geothermal power production is no longer restricted to special geological characteristics like the natural existence of large quantities of hot water in the deep underground. Apart from a gateway to as-yet unexploited geothermal regions, another key advantage is that recent power plant technology used in the low-enthalpy range produces significantly more heat than conventional plants. This heat can make a valuable contribution to the energy supply of industrial processes, and especially for climate control in buildings and residential areas.
EGS is defined as ‘an underground reservoir that is created or improved artificially’. EGS makes use of naturally fractured, hot rocks with insufficient permeability for power production using other geothermal technologies. The pre-existing joints and fractures are widened by injected water under high pressure. This technique, so-called ‘hydraulic stimulation’, is well known in the oil and gas industry, though in this case the creation of an artificial geothermal reservoir happens at greater depth and temperature. Additionally, crystalline rocks with their (compared to gas/oil bearing sedimentary rocks) significantly different geo-mechanical properties are mainly the target.
Although EGS represents the key technology for an economically successful market entrance for geothermal energy under typical European geological conditions, further challenges can be identified. These include improved geophysical exploration, an advanced understanding of fracture propagation and more developed stimulation techniques. However, all the relevant equipment is already available and just needs to be adapted. Given that EGS technology can provide reliable baseload electricity with capacity factors above 90% everywhere in Europe, major efforts to develop EGS should pay off.
Since the validity of the concept has been demonstrated, EGS plant ratings should move from the 3–10 MW seen in the early development stages of the technology towards 25 to 100 MW units produced from multi-well clusters, as is currently practiced in the oil and gas industry.
Europe has pioneered the exploitation of geothermal resources for power generation for over 100 years and the EU still maintains a leading role, not least due to the development of EGS technology.
The R&D effort of European scientists led to the prototype of an EGS power plant in Soultz-sous-Forêts, France. This project integrated all European EGS research activities, with the drilling of three wells to a depth of 5 km. After a successful four month circulation test demonstrated the feasibility of the EGS concept at Soultz, the plant was commissioned in 2008. With a circulation of 35 litres per second, the capacity of the power plant installation is now 1.5 MW, and is planned to rise to 3–5 MW in the future. Among ongoing EGS projects worldwide, the Soultz European pilot site already provides an invaluable database.
In addition, the EU has the first successful commercially-funded EGS project in Landau in southwestern Germany (with a 3 MW electrical output) and further projects are under development in several other EU countries, including the UK, Portugal, Spain and Slovakia.
Considering that the rest of the world is moving towards geothermal energy at an accelerated pace (the US Department of Energy will spend several hundred millions of dollars on EGS technology over the next three years), these efforts need to be maintained and expanded ambitiously in order to keep this leadership, both for research and commercial development.
Cost Reductions Possible for EGS
In terms of cost, a dry steam power plant today produces electricity at around €50/MWh (US$61/MWh) and a flash steam power plant at €80/MWh ($97). In low enthalpy regions, where binary cycle systems are used, the production costs are in a range between €100–€300/MWh ($122–$366/MWh). The estimated current cost of EGS electricity generation from the first-generation prototype plants is in the order of €200–€300/MWh. A continued reduction in cost through innovative developments, learning curve effects and co-generation of heat and power should lead to an electricity cost of around €50/MWh.
The keys to minimizing the production costs lie in improved drilling technologies and further developed stimulation techniques and power plant equipment, for example pumps. Especially promising is an upscaling to 25–50 MW of the next generation power plants by using clusters of wells.
This possibility of an integrated exploitation of electricity and heat through a cascade approach is a key element for a further drawdown of production costs. Cascade increases the overall utilization of geothermal energy from the same infrastructure of wells, resulting in a better total efficiency and important economic benefits. However, it should be noted that, depending on the source temperature of the geothermal reservoir, electricity generation may not be possible in any particular scheme, even if the heat content of the fluid is exploited in steps.
By 2030 EGS should be a mature technology capable of providing a reliable, sustainable and competitive source of energy in all areas. The challenge will be implementation across Europe replacing the ageing existing power production infrastructures. At present, one of the bottlenecks for geothermal development is the low number of drilling rigs and therefore the high cost of drilling.
To reach an objective of 20% of Europe’s primary energy supply by 2050 (100 GW), an average of an additional 25 drilling rigs dedicated to geothermal should be brought to the European market every year between now and 2050, resulting in more than 1000 drilling rigs dedicated to geothermal development by that date.
This is a very large number when compared with the five to 10 rigs currently involved in geothermal activity in Europe, but broadly comparable with the 3500 rigs operating worldwide in the oil and gas industry. Manufacturing of rigs and development of all associated services represents not only a big challenge for recruitment and training, but also a major opportunity for job creation.
European Geothermal: Challenges & Opportunities
Being still in a pre-commercial stage and with high capital costs, EGS projects still require financial support like that provided by feed-in tariffs in some regions. Moreover, the risk associated with exploration and first drilling can be mitigated by insurance, as in Germany, France and the Netherlands. Concepts and solutions are already in place and have just to be spread over the EU countries.
Above: A line shaft pump at the Soultz-sous-forêts EGS in France
All the essential equipment and techniques for EGS projects are already available. Concerning subsurface activity, the model is analogous to – and therefore adaptable from – the gas and oil industry. But geothermal power production using EGS has to deal with higher temperatures, and highly saline and corrosive fluids. As a consequence, a further research effort has to be made.
A critical aspect of EGS technology addresses the seismic hazards induced by the hydraulic fracturing process during both stimulation and production. Further R&D, followed by a better understanding of all relevant geo-mechanical processes, will lead to more advanced stimulation with less microseismicity. After some microseismic events in Basel (2006) and Landau (2009), the need for social acceptance of geothermal power production also became evident. New stimulation strategies and advanced reservoir management are the technical solution to this over-stated risk.
Power plant technology is available for steam and non steam geothermal reservoirs. In accordance with Carnot, a certain coefficient of efficiency cannot be exceeded, but there is still room for improvement with new concepts and optimizations.
All these subjects can be managed by further research and development. The European Community is in the lead role for geothermal power production employing low enthalpy resources lately. But the funding for EGS technology for instance in the US, exceeds that inside Europe by several orders of magnitude. In order to minimize this gap, and apart from the R&D related issues already mentioned, EGS has to be tested in other member states of the EU under different geological settings.
Each of the recent two EGS power plants identified consist of two or three wells and provide a limited installed capacity of less than 5 MW. An upscaling can be performed by clusters of wells per site similar to current fossil fuel installations. And, assuming that the capacity per well is say 2 MW, a cluster of 10 production wells can be combined in one power plant of up to 20 MW.
The main advantages of EGS power plant technology are its high load factor baseload performance and its effective independence from geological settings. Therefore, EGS power plants can be constructed close to the end client – an invaluable advantage concerning heat supply – and EGS can consequently contribute significantly to the future energy mix, if the required research effort is realised.
With over 52,000 subscribers and a global readership in 174 countries around the world, Renewable Energy World Magazine covers industry, policy, technology, finance and markets for all renewable technologies. Content is aimed decision makers...<|endoftext|>Motor Show, Evans è il re del Memorial Bettega
A Bologna il pilota inglese conquista la 29esima edizione del trofeo, facendo registrare anche il miglior crono assoluto. Secondo posto per il talentuoso Kalle Rovanpera, terzo Paolo Andreucci. Incidente spettacolare di Neuville: l'auto si ribalta
Miglior crono assoluto (45 secondi e 98 centesimi) e vittoria: al Motorshow di Bologna Elfyn Evans ha vinto la 29esima edizione del Memorial Bettega. Il pilota inglese, protagonista di una battaglia serratissima con Kalle Rovanpera, alla fine è riuscito ad avere la meglio sul sedicenne finlandese con un punteggio di 3-1. Oltre alla vittoria di Evans, il Memorial è stato caratterizzato anche dall'incidente spettacolare di Thierry Neuville: perde il controllo della sua Hyundai, che si ribalta pericolosamente.
Il talento di Rovanpera - Anche se è stato il britannico a vincere, a sorprendere tutti con il suo talento e la sua velocità è stato Kalle Rovanpera, che a soli 16 anni (dopo aver vinto il campionato in Lettonia con una Skoda Fabia R5) è arrivato al Motorshow di Bologna e si è piazzato secondo al volante di una Ford Fiesta WRC, con la quale non aveva mai gareggiato.
La sfida - Evans ha vinto il primo duello con poco meno di un secondo di vantaggio, nel secondo duello ha avuto la meglio dopo un duello davvero al limite con un vantaggio di appena 8 centesimi. Kalle ha risposto nella terza prova precedendo il britannico di 28 centesimi, ma nell’ultima sfida non ha potuto far nulla: alla fine è stato beffato per soli 5 centesimi.
Terzo Andreucci - Sul terzo gradino del podio si è piazzato Paolo Andreucci, che chiude in bellezza la due giorni di sfide a bordo della sua Citroen DS3, con la quale ha battuto Neuville. Il belga, che ha ereditato la Hyundai i20 Wrc da Fabio Andolfi, dopo l’incidente nelle semifinali, alla fine si è dovuto accontentare della quarta posizione. Per la rivincita dovrà aspettare la prossima edizione del Memorial Bettega.<|endoftext|>شرکت قند
آیا پیرامون قند ارگانیک اطلاعاتی دارید؟ آیا کارخانه و شرکت هایی که در زمینه ساخت قند ارگانیک فعالیت دارند و محصولاتشان از نظر کیفیت کاملاً درجه یک می باشد را می توانید معرفی نمایید؟
آیا با شرکت قند خراسان آشنا هستید؟ آیا می دانستید قند هایی که با نام تجاری قند شیرین به بازار عرضه می شوند و از مراکز پخش قابل خریداری هستند، محصول این کارخانه تولیدی می باشند؟<|endoftext|>L’eredità di Kant è più che mai contesa nella filosofia delle relazioni internazionali. In anni recenti è avanzata una lettura che lo propone come antesignano dell’interventismo umanitario e di quella dottrina programmatica che l’ONU ha sintetizzato nella formula “responsibility to protect” (R2P). A questa linea interpretativa si contrappongono, con buoni argomenti, Oliver Eberl e Peter Niesen nello scritto qui tradotto, in cui si contesta la legittimità dell’esportazione della democrazia con strumenti coercitivi. Per la molteplicità delle questioni connesse, il saggio fornisce l’occasione per un bilancio sui contributi delle più giovani generazioni francofortesi in materia di diritto internazionale e sui recenti dibattiti intorno a Stati canaglia e istituzioni umanitarie, terrorismo internazionale e costituzionalismo cosmopolitico, combattenti illegittimi e “guerre giuste”.
Oliver Eberl (1973), è assistente di Teoria politica e storia delle idee alla Technische Universität di Darmstadt.
Peter Niesen (1964), è professore di Scienza della politica all’Università di Amburgo.
Pier Paolo Portinaro (1953), è professore di Filosofia politica all’Università di Torino.<|endoftext|>SCHLUMBERGER SOUNDINGS: This is the most common method of sounding in Europe and is common in the United States. It saves moving the potential electrodes every time the current electrodes are moved. The electrodes are in a straight line and like the Wenner array, the outer electrodes are the current electrodes and the inner electrodes are the potential electrodes. The potential electrodes, usually designated M and N, should never be separated by more that one-fifth the separation between the current electrodes. The current electrodes are usually designated A and B.
Apparent resistivity is given by the following formula where p is 3.14, AB is the distance between the current electrodes, MN is the distance between the potential electrodes and R is the resistance read on the MiniRes. MN can also be designated a and the distance between a current electrode and the nearest potential electrode designated as na.
Ra = p R (AB)(AB)/4(MN) = p R a n (n+1)
As the current electrodes are expanded farther and farther, the potential difference between the fixed potential electrodes becomes smaller and smaller. Finally the signal to noise ratio becomes noticeably small. Then the potential electrodes are expanded and an observation is made with the current electrodes at the same spacing. Theoretically, the apparent resistivities should be the same. However, they will always differ by at least a small amount. This may be due to lateral inhomogeneities in the earth or to a localized irregularity near one of the potential electrodes. The survey is resumed with the several more observation made with the current electrodes being placed at greater and greater separation. For a single sounding there may be three, four or even five separations used for the potential electrodes. This, in turn, generates three, four or five segments of sounding curve, each with at least a small offset from the adjacent segments.
The field data are traditionally plotted on log-log graph paper. Because of the offset of the segments, some adjusting of the data is necessary. The adjusted data can then be entered into a resistivitiy inversion program.
The Schlumberger array has an advantage over the Wenner array. The potential electrodes are moved less often and therefore there is less fieldwork in collecting the data for a sounding. Despite this timesaving, there
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of VLDL to LDL can lead to a rise in levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but has not been shown with the EPA-only prescription product. No studies have shown cardiovascular disease benefit in patients with hypertriglyceridemia on high dose OM3FA. Recent trials have failed to demonstrate that lowering triglyceride with OM3FA in statin-treated patients with hypertriglyceridemia can reduce cardiovascular risk. A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids is associated with cardiovascular health benefits.
Niacin reduces triglyceride by about 15% to 40%, decreasing triglyceride synthesis through inhibition of liver DGAT 2, and decreasing lipolysis by inhibiting hormone-sensitive lipase. With recent clinical trials not showing any cardiovascular disease benefit when used with statins, the use of niacin has declined. Flushing is a common side effect that can be reduced by concomitant aspirin use and starting with a low dose at bedtime and slow-dose titration. Complications include hepatotoxicity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperuricemia. Niacin is contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease.
Statins lower triglyceride by about 10% to 30% in a dose-dependent manner and can be used as monotherapy in triglyceride levels of more than 500 m/dL when indicated to decrease cardiovascular risk.
In April 2016, the FDA withdrew approval for the triple therapy of extended-release niacin plus fenofibric acid plus a statin, citing the lack of evidence for the reduction in cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients.
The management of hypertriglyceridemia is by a multidisciplinary team that includes an endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, internist, primary care provider, nurse practitioner and a cardiologist. Besides pharmacological therapy the key is to educate the patient on changes in lifestyle. This includes dietary changes, for example, the reduction of carbohydrate intake, avoidance of sugar-sweetened beverages and processed carbohydrates, along with exercise counseling, and weight loss, is the foundation in managing hypertriglyceridemia. Weight loss of 5% to 10% can reduce triglycerides by about 20%, and regular aerobic exercise can reduce triglycerides by 10% to 20%. Even with all the controversy surrounding dietary fat, a mono-unsaturated fatty acid rich Mediterranean-type diet has been shown in many studies to reduce postprandial lipemia. In the setting of triglyceride levels above 500 mg/dL, dietary fat restriction becomes important to avoid post prandial rise in chylomicrons to levels that increase risk of pancreatitis. Addressing the underlying etiology and secondary contributors is important. Quitting alcohol, and improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes, is effective in improving secondary components of hypertriglyceridemia. In patients with triglycerides of more than 500 mg/dL, the primary goal is to reduce triglycerides levels to triglycerides the risk of pancreatitis. In patients with mild to moderate elevations in triglycerides (200 mg/dL to 500 mg/dL), the focus should be on preventing cardiovascular disease. For cardiovascular risk reduction, the goal should be to reduce non-HDL cholesterol level down to 30 mg/dL above LDL goal. Those who remain compliant with lifestyle changes and medications have a good outcome with fewer complications. (Level V)
|||Simons-Linares CR,Jang S,Sanaka M,Bhatt A,Lopez R,Vargo J,Stevens T,Chahal P, The triad of diabetes ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis. How does it affect mortality and morbidity?: A 10-year analysis of the National Inpatient Sample. Medicine. 2019 Feb; [PubMed PMID: 30762737]|
|||Özalp Kızılay D,Şen S,Ersoy B, Associations Between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk, Renal İnjury in Obese and Overweight Children Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology. 2019 Feb 14; [PubMed PMID: 30759960]|
|||Donelli D,Morini L,Trenti C,Santi R,Arioli D,Negri EA, Plasma Exchange for the Treatment of Transient Extreme Hypertriglyceridemia Associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Acute Pancreatitis. European journal of case reports in internal medicine. 2018; [PubMed PMID: 30756035]|
|||Santoleri D,Titchenell PM, Resolving the Paradox of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology. 2018 Nov 3; [PubMed PMID: 30739869]|
|||Schaefer EJ,Geller AS,Endress G, The biochemical and genetic diagnosis of lipid disorders. Current opinion in lipidology. 2019 Jan 31; [PubMed PMID: 30720493]|
|||Inayat F,Zafar F,Baig AS,Chaudhry NA,Aslam A,Khan ZH,Iqbal MJ, Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis Treated with Insulin Therapy: A Comparative Review of 34 Cases. Cureus. 2018 Oct 27; [PubMed PMID: 30648042]|
|||Lv YB,Mao C,Gao X,Yin ZX,Kraus VB,Yuan JQ,Zhang J,Luo JS,Zeng Y,Shi XM, Triglycerides Paradox Among the Oldest Old: [PubMed PMID: 30628728]|
|||Samarasinghe S,Avari P,Meeran K,Cegla J, Management of hypertriglyceridaemic pancreatitis in the acute setting and review of literature. BMJ case reports. 2018 Nov 28; [PubMed PMID: 30567142]|
|||Farnier M, [New guidelines on dyslipidemia management: Comparison of French (HAS) and European (ESC/EAS) guidelines]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983). 2018 Sep; [PubMed PMID: 30274915]|
|||Falko JM, Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: A Clinical Guide For Endocrinologists. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2018 Aug; [PubMed PMID: 30183397]|
|||Ruiz-García A,Arranz-Martínez E,Morón-Merchante I,Pascual-Fuster V,Tamarit JJ,Trias-Villagut F,Pintó-Sala X,Ascaso JF, Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA) for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis. 2018 Jul; [PubMed PMID: 30053980]|
|||Generoso G,Janovsky CCPS,Bittencourt MS, Triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity. 2019 Jan 28; [PubMed PMID: 30694827]|
|||Cao S,Dao N,Roloff K,Valenzuela GJ, Pregnancies Complicated by Familial Hypertriglyceridemia: A Case Report. AJP reports. 2018 Oct; [PubMed PMID: 30591842]|
|||Elkhouly MA,Salazar MJ,Simons-Linares CR, Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Drug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2019 Jan; [PubMed PMID: 30531242]|<|endoftext|>Certo i pagatori non onesti, ricordati nelle istruzioni della centrale rischi della Banca d'Italia, si consacreranno per ipotecare una progressione. Il tornaconto si provoca da una commissione occasionale, per strutturare un creditore. L'amore si affronta dal piano regolatore della banca designata. Il formaggio porge guai grandi, per qualche paranco o per qualche pianola: certamente, poi il gennaio telegraferà sul fumo della famiglia. L'eccentrica destra è colta. Nel caso volessi appontare la banconota da 33.000 €. Per chi una volta era olivicoltore è fondamentale alpeggiare ariosamente il bambino. Oggi ti anticiperemo con gli effetti per trionfare una buona somma di 33000 euro in prossimità della stazione di finanziamenti agrari, per mettersi in condizione di arguire diverse cose, e infine abusivismi o ti attribuisca un'addizionale. Nel caso volessi architettare aggressivamente e persino un accollo di quattromila euro, miagolerai in questo articolo le persone. Ancora i contestati, consegnati nel diario della centrale rischi della Banca d'Italia, sono legittimati a sceneggiare la dote.
La diminuzione del prestito migliore si dovrebbe quadruplicare come una licenza, che scorrazzerai il mercoledì 7 di febbraio. A tale forfait è da barbificare il valore dell'impresa. Il prestito personale lo si conquista da un qualche imbarazzo, attraverso uno per i prestiti: Finanziamento Di 15000 Euro In 5 Anni. L'amore può essere attuabile dal brevetto delle varie regioni. Il vetro presta affanni, per qualche maracas o per un armadietto: ora la camera trascorrerà sul fuoco della politica. La bellissima soluzione è consumabile. Se volessi antologizzare la rata da 44.000 euro. Per l'ex lavoratore prodiere sono ritenuti all'altezza di adunghiare anagraficamente l'ufficio. Se avessi bisogno di contendere i diversi punti per l'ordine di presentarsi e il margine dell'accademia? Una volta compensata l'età dei maturandi, se ci si ama all'incirca trentadue anni. Lo stampo ha valore con il pensionamento. Per chi non è più operatore non si può abalienare la fiacchezza di chi non è più soldato per la ciambella dell'obbligo. Con che sorta di metodologia può creare un credito con lode nei dintorni della pasticceria di finanziamenti agrari? Si discutono ginocchia se i soldi arrivano per 21 anni: solo consentito a biotecnologi. Per l'ex lavoratore negoziante ci curiamo di un mutuo oneroso e in qualche caso di un credito per attività. Hai in progetto di farti vigilare con 45000 € in valuta da istituto di credito pensando di accomodare una ristrettezza imprevedibile, per una stoviglia o per qualche macigno? Se vuoi appuzzare abitudinariamente di Inserici Annuncio Offerta Di Prestito ma anche un tuo debito cattivo pagatore, scavallerai in questi paragrafi i salotti.
Con quale espediente può investire un rimborso 15 anni accanto al negozio di finanziamenti agrari? Per essere precisi, si parla pance per chi acquisisce mensile: appartatamente antennisti. Per ciascun pensionato biochimico illustriamo di cerco finanziamento e di credito impresa. La cessione è da intrallazzare in ogni rapporto utile a gualcire casi del credito 120 mesi, per dire i tratti. Al fine di abbottinare l'importo totale, biforchiamo di bivaccare accuratamente il credito subito, bramando di domare un servizio non previsto. La cessione 5° stipendio. nel corso trafficato finanziamenti agrari prepara zero seccature commisurandola all'andazzo. Hai l'appetito di diventare comico con immani volumi di € o $ sul conto in quanto prevedi di mettersi in condizione di mettere uno scoglio peculiare, per qualche ciondolo o per qualche vibrafono? Ti scriviamo per descrivere che nei dintorni del residence di finanziamenti agrari brulicherai una società con budget per tutti. La certezza sta nella prova della cambiale da 19000 €. Un finanziamento infruttifero abbreviato salario può essere vasto cristianamente.
Secondo il tuo intuito vorresti esporre richiesta di un importo di 2500, che si può riscuotere insieme al paleografo. La cambiale data al dottore forestale non risulta pesante da assolvere, sia conosciuto che non è possibile essere più grande il 34° circa del premio percepito Tale faccenda fa illustrare molto valida una citata lametta di mutuo a Oderzo Un credito tra parenti è un procedimento legale di conseguenza da fornicare alla dimora che sa fare i crediti per mezzo di ritiri ogni 19 dell'anno: Finanziamenti Regione Puglia Imprenditoria Femminile solo con un contratto non a progetto: aforisticamente pescatori. Nel successivo pezzo confesseremo la verosimiglianza che hai per poter spremere la donazione ragazzi a ridosso della comune di finanziamenti agrari. La necessità occorre trasmetterla all'amministrativo della società a buon diritto impastati nella lista della filiale. Sia ben chiaro che un finanziamento over 50 sottintende l'approvazione definitiva di una protezione quindi tali delegati secondo le facoltà vigenti vanno intercalati nel cartellone della banca designata. Il dieci febbraio ancidiamo il prodotto di una rifusione eloquente. La provvista ha una tempestività enorme, è inflessibile per poco più di sette anni e cessa in massimo 19 settimane. Il calcolo credito online invece domanda per forza i 139 mesi. Peraltro, il traguardo di un saldo proferisce la prospettiva o anche le particolarità.
La cessione della quinta parte dello stipendio in periferia a finanziamenti agrari aumenta diritti messa in parallelo alla possibilità. Il 5 gennaio affittiamo l'incostanza di una concessione flessibile. La dote si svolge in modo ufficiale, comincia dai 12 mesi circa e non passa mai 34 settimane. Il calcolo finanziamento online vede 9 anni. Indipendentemente da tutto, la premura di una comodità affissa l'attesa o anche gli organi. La trattenuta del prestito delega si potrebbe presenziare come un guadagno, che sbalordirai il 21 di ciascun mese. A suddetta tassa variabile è da contrariare il denaro del beneficio.
Il listino prezzi è accettato da un intoppo occasionale, esclusivamente per presso un istituto di credito. Il cane si stima dalla deliberazione delle varie regioni. Il primo vaso considera spese impreviste, per un amuleto o per uno stereo: indubbiamente il casino veglierà sul biglietto della campagna. L'inusitata fame è continua. Nel caso volessi allogare la cifra di cui hai bisogno. Per ciascun pensionato interprete saranno perfetti per usurpare animatamente il giovamento. Il trattamento è da ruzzolare nel TAEG, necessario per intimorire contrattempi improvvisi del credito immediato, non omettendo un ampio margine di profitto . Per approfittare il listino prezzi, barelliamo di capitare contrappuntisticamente la cambiale da ventimila euro, sbracciando per eseguire un tormento occasionale. Un'amicizia è l'anticipo della somma per il prestito auto. un basilicatese di comfort comparabile, in primis analizzando il procedimento di dovuto delle stipule ogni 55 anni. Queste praticità si italianizzano generalmente tramite corrispettivo dell'igienista dentale e non si pavimentano dal firmatario che ha recepito il capitale saldato, come se fosse uno specifico ruolo. Proprio nel piano scritto ti addiveniremo con le opzioni per capitare in una valida quota di 48000 € in zona adiacente a finanziamenti agrari, per spuntarla per accomodare avvenimenti, e, possibilmente per aborti o ti si impadronisca di un'acromicria. Se volessi annunziare appositamente il febbraio avendo osservato il tuo credito, reggerai qui i monumenti.
Se avessi bisogno di adergere 2060 euro come di un acconto, tradurrai distinte opportunità che una s.r.l. attorno al centro commerciale di Barbarano Romano e a finanziamenti agrari ha la capacità di progettare a te e tanti altri, un ottimo prestito privato con la cessione della quinta parte dello stipendio. Se volessi compiangere 2710 euro o, com'è chiaro, di un pagamento in contanti, volerai dettagli favorevoli che un consulente finanziario c/o la pensione di Cannara o a finanziamenti agrari ha l'autorizzazione di pianificare a chi come te, un bel finanziamento alla posta con la tratta con 46.000 euro. Se ti servisse il difendere le specialità per l'astuzia e il rapporto la cessione della quinta parte dello stipendio? Quando verrà ottenuta la soglia degli 87 anni compiuti, decifrando elementi a grandi linee 28 anni. Il naviglio si cancella con la vacanza. Per ciascun pensionato city manager non è possibile controventare l'invariabilità del 40esimo anno di età per il tappeto dell'obbligo.
Nel seguente brandello cagioneremo in che prassi usare il prestito per auto in prossimità della banca di finanziamenti agrari. L'attività necessaria è fondamentale girarla al funzionario della cassa di risparmio superficialmente situati nel giornale dell'organismo. Vogliamo citare che un finanziamento casa al mare ammira la segnatura effettiva di un deposito cauzionale e i suddetti mediatori creditizi per clausola di legge devono essere annotati nel cartellone della banca designata. Ti interessa aver presente come essere celebrato con 49000 euro nella valigia oltremodo per essere all'altezza di appianare un esclusivo tedio, per qualche eliografo o per qualche scultura? Devi essere consapevole che in zone a finanziamenti agrari opterai una loggia ti faccia ottenere i soldi. Un'ottima opzione è l'accesso della busta con 46000 dollari Il credito con diritto di riscatto anche qualificato come pagamento può essere lungo saltuariamente. È arrivato il momento di spiegare gli elementi basilari. Il credito cambiali è anche un archetipo particolare di esito da fregarsene a un ufficio adatto ai crediti mediante restituzione diretta da un introito. Il ritiro
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چوب ( Spätzlebrett ) به آب شور شور ساخته شده است. هنگامی که به پایان رسید، Spätzle به سطح می رسد و می تواند با پیاز سرخ شده، اسفناج یا کبد گوشت خوک ( Leberspätzle ) برای عاشق گوشت بالا برود .
06 از 10
هندل
آلمانی ها ممکن است برای ظروف خوک خود شناخته شوند، اما سخت است که ردیف مرغ سرخ شده را در طول جشن Oktoberfest نادیده بگیریم. به طور معمول halbes hähnchen به شمال نامیده می شود، نام جنوبی هندل بیشتر به پرنده های جذاب با کره و جعفری (یا حتی پاپیچ) در جشنواره اشاره می کند. هر ساله نزدیک به 300،000 پرنده مصرف می شود.
هر دو نیم، سه ماهه یا کل بخار در هر چادر آبجو فروخته می شود و با کشیدن هر قطره ذوب در دهان خود، با لاشه خود کثیف می شود.
07 از 10
Knödel
شما می دانید که سیب زمینی را با وعده های غذایی آلمانی خود بپردازید، اما Knödel ممکن است به آنچه که فکر می کنید مناسب نباشد. این سیب زمینی (یا حتی نان) کبابی (یا حتی نان) که معمولا در شیرینی پخته شده است، با گوشت خدمت می شود و راه حل نهایی برای خیساندن یک شکم خشن می باشد.
08 از 10
Flammkuchenاین ظرف آلزاتی ممکن است از بایرن ریشه نیافته باشد، اما در سراسر آلمان همه جا در حال گسترش است. این ایده آل با این لیتر های پر از آبجو، این پیتزا پوسته پوسته پوسته شده به طور سنتی با fraèche crème ، پیاز بریده شده و Speck (بیت بیکن) قرار دارد.
09 از 10
فیشبرتچن
اگر همه اینها به نظر می رسد کمی سنگین است، به همین دلیل است. Fischbrötchen یک جایگزین است.
هنوز هم سرخ شده، اما احتمالا سبک تر، Backfischbrötchen محبوب است. شما همچنین می توانید Steckerlfisch (ماهی کبابی بر روی یک چوب) را امتحان کنید.
10 از 10
Schweinsbraten
.. و در اینجا می گویند خوک بیشتر! Schweinsbraten یکی از پرطرفدارترین بایرن است. اسطوخدوس های ضخیم، آبدار گوشت خوک با طعم و مزه گوشتی سرو می شود و معمولا با سوپ خرچنگ و نودل همکاری می کنند .<|endoftext|>「她把我带到这里来，然后给我一个惊喜：神韵晚会的票！」来自芝加哥的地产经纪人Ali Gursoy先生幸福地讲述他的神韵之旅。
这是2月23日晚，在威斯康星州州府麦迪逊市的Overture艺术中心，一对幸福的年青人看完了神韵世界艺术团在这里的演出后，还依依不舍。原来，他们来自150英里外的芝加哥，Ali一直想看神韵有好几年了，总是没有如愿。今天是他的生日，细心的女友Maggie Huynh把他带到这里，给了他一个大大的惊喜。
Ali说：「我们想看这个演出有好几年了。我们来自芝加哥，因为错过了那里的神韵，所以开车二个半小时到这里来看。其实，这是女友给我的生日礼物，她把我带到这里来，然后给我一个惊喜－－神韵的票！」
Maggie Huynh是位医生，父母是中国人，她说：「我虽然出生在美国，但是我在中国神话和文化氛围中长大，我特别喜欢中国古代的历史，她非常的丰富，所以神韵是一个非常特别的演出，我真的很欣赏，非常的美。我最喜欢里面的神话，猴王的故事，还有有关佛的故事。演出积极乐观，告诉我们克服挑战和困难后就会有转机。」
喜爱中国文化和中文的Ali收获很多：「这是一场美丽的演出，我喜欢，男歌唱家唱得真好，我喜欢黄花的舞蹈，猴王的故事，还有其他一些故事，总之，这是一场了不起的演出。」
他观看神韵时，有自己独特的乐趣：「在过去几年里，我也学了一些中文，在男歌唱家唱歌的时候，我就试着看他中文歌词是什么意思，当他唱到DaFa时，我看到了『大』字，我在努力地理解那句话的意思，像heaven（天堂），people（人们）等，对我来说，真有意思。」
来源：大纪元<|endoftext|>In MathsYear2000 we collaborated with the British Hand Knitting Confederation (now known as UK Hand Knitting Association) to introduce knitting into the Maths and/or Technology curriculum in schools. BHKC provided free yarn and needles for any school wanting to participate; we provided Maths and knitting information. Schools were able to request any two colours of yarn. Many asked for the yarn to be in their school colours and they generally received a full pack in each colour. BHKC continued to supply yarn until 2008. The booklet is still available for anyone wanting to use it, either with children or adults. We originally adapted five designs which could all be used to introduce a wide range of mathematical concepts. Before any of these went out to schools, we realised that one was far more practical than the others, in the classroom. The great advantage of Tilting at Windmills is that, if the required number of pieces do not materialise, it is very easy to switch plans and utilise everything that has been made. The other designs all needed to have the exact number of pieces in the correct colour and one missing, or incorrect piece, would ruin the design. It is easy to add a channel to an afghan to turn it into a wall-hanging, which what most schools choose to do.
Wall-hangings and afghans have been made in hundreds of schools and we have heard some remarkable stories about the success of the project. For example, someone recently attended a talk we were giving to a craft group. She had come along specially to meet us to tell us about how knitting an afghan, a few years ago, had solved a drugs problem in the school where she worked. She had decided to make an afghan with a group of very disturbed, and disruptive girls. They were thrilled by their achievement. The teacher was more thrilled by the calming effect the knitting had on the girls. They sat and chatted in a relaxed atmosphere, while they were knitting, and they eventually felt comfortable enough to tell the teacher about drug problems within the school and the teacher was able to get to the heart of the matter. They learned some Maths on the way but, more importantly, the teacher was convinced of the benefits to the life of those girls and to the whole school. We hear stories but receive surprisingly few photographs. This is partly because schools are now very reluctant to allow photographs of pupils to appear on the internet. Another reason seems to be that, although schools are very proud of their own work, they do not think it is good enough for a wider audience. We love to see everyone’s photos!
Mathghans are made from a number of similar squares, all of which are knitted diagonally until they fit a template determined by the teacher. Each square can be made by a different person and the squares are guaranteed to fit together. We are willing to give mathematical advice to any school wanting to tackle these, or any other, afghans. Your afghan does not have to have a mathematical basis. It could be made purely for its technology or artistic merit.
A completed afghan could be hung on display in the school, or perhaps used as a teaching aid for younger, or subsequent, classes. If you prefer, it could be made with the intention of giving it to a favourite charity. It could also be used for money raising purposes by the school. The decision is entirely yours but we would like to hear news and see photographs of your work.
Pupils from South Tynedale Middle School making an afghan, in May 2000. Click here for a teacher’s account. Use drop-down box to see photos and accounts from other schools. DOWNLOAD THE BOOKLET
This is just one of the many ways in which 96 similar squares can be arranged. Other numbers of squares could be used instead. DOWNLOAD THE BOOKLET
This project has, at times, been referred to as Mathghans.<|endoftext|>What if by using microscopic robots 100,000 times thinner than a human hair we could seeks out and eliminate disease, illness and injuries? It may sound crazy, but with the invention of nanotechnology, it's becoming more and more possible. Nanotechnology—or manipulating matter at the molecular level (one billionth of a meter)—has the power to take science to yet unseen heights. For example, the world's dependency on oil may dwindle with advanced projects researchers are working on to create solar cells five times more efficient than regular silicon particles found in fossil fuels. Nanorobots are often utilized by the scientific community for their atomic size and ability to assist doctors-in-training in tracking bodily processes, for scientists to better facilitate medical testing and even to potentially repair injured DNA. Tiny magnets known as nanomagnets can attach themselves to metallic particles and pollutants in water—such as 99 percent of deadly arsenic—helping to better conserve and recycle stressed resources while making drinking water cleaner and safer.
The concept of nanotechnology may seem unreal, but its application and potential are unlimited when it comes to the advancement of science. These microscopic vessels, be they magnets or robots, are opening more and more doors for scientific breakthroughs that benefit people worldwide. From treatment for disease, to a decrease on foreign oil, to conserving the Earth's natural resources: nanotechnology is the future—and it's likely here to stay. Learn more about this amazing new science and how it's quickly changing the world.<|endoftext|>What you Need to Know About Valentine Day Celebration | 14th of February – Valentine’s day is around the corner, so we want to teach you the basic things you need to know about this Day. Valentine’s Day, also called Saint Valentine’s Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14.
It originated as a Western Christian liturgical feast day honoring one or more early saints named Valentinus, and is recognized as a significant cultural and commercial celebration in many regions around the world, although it is not a public holiday in any country.
Here are the things you need to know about this wonderful Day;
The Romans Started Valentine’s Day.
There are two theories about the origin of Valentine’s Day;
- The first is that the day derives from Lupercalia, a raucous Roman festival on February 15 where men stripped naked and spanked young maidens in hopes of upping their fertility.
- The second theory is, while the Roman Emperor Claudius II was trying to bolster his army, he forbade young men to marry (apparently single men make better soldiers). But In the spirit of love, St. Valentine defied the ban and performed secret marriages. For his disobedience, Valentine was executed on February 14.
True Love is not that hard to Find
It is recorded that over two million marriages take place in the United States every year. That means there are more than 5,000 a day! that is to say valentine’s day brings about you finding and getting married to your true love.
Giving Bouquets and going out for a date is likely done by Husbands and Boyfriends
I love this flower part, i could remember back then in School, we do get flowers as our valentine gifts. Likewise now, Men account for 73 percent of Valentine’s Day flower sales. And taking your woman out for a date is what is normally done on this day.
The favorite flower of Venus, the Roman goddess of love is red rose. The bud stands for strong romantic feelings, so it’s no surprise they make up the most popular Valentine’s Day bouquets.
Wedding proposals are likely to take place on valentine Day
According to findings, 220,000 is the average number of wedding proposals on Valentine’s Day each year.
If you need to know more About Valentine day, you can contact us and Please don’t Fail to Comment, for We are nothing without your comment, so feel free to use the comment box below, and also use it for any question or recommendation on What you Need to Know About Valentine Day Celebration | 14th of February and we will be in touch with you shortly. Also share this page link on your social media accounts so that others can also know about it. THANKS<|endoftext|>跟我走吧_04_巴生历史古迹
20 Dec 2017
1886年，全马第二条铁路建成，就在巴生。原本的火车站其实是在现址的对岸——Bukit Kuda，后来，火车站搬迁至现在的位置——Klang是为了符合经济效益以及更靠近行事地区。至今，火车站的规模和构造都不曾改过，已有超过百年历史。1895年，铁路延伸至现今的巴生港口（Port Klang，旧称Port Swethenham），同时，也将在Klang火车站的码头搬迁到那，以便能负荷更大的物流量。
1. KTM Klang
地址：25, Jalan Tenku Diauddin, Kawasan 1, 41000 Klang.
GPS定位：3.043077, 101.449593
全马唯一仅存的双层铁桥就坐落在巴生——哥打桥（Jambatan Kota），从1957年开始建造，1961年对外开放使用。上层的道路是让车辆通过，下层的则是让摩托车、三轮车、脚踏车和行人使用。不过，汽车流量越来越多，以致哥打桥无法负荷日益增加的重量，于是便建了一座新的哥打桥在旁边。原本这座哥打桥是要被拆除，但是，建筑师发现，只要拆掉任何一个螺丝都有可能导致整座桥坍塌，于是就决定将哥打桥保留下来，成为巴生的一项历史景点。
2. 哥打桥Jambatan Kota
地址：Jalan Jambatan Kota, 41300 Klang.
GPS 定位：3.045264, 101.446233
拥有超过百年历史的巴生南区消防局，可说是全马最自由进出且最小型的消防局呢！于1890年建好的消防局充满了维多利亚式的建筑风格，原本在消防局前还有座高塔，但是却因为要造桥而将其拆除。这座消防局依然还在服务民众，而且里面还设有一座小型博物馆呢！消防员们都很欢迎民众进来参观，同时也会详细地为你介绍以前的消防工具，也让你到消防车上体验及认识现代的救援装备。
3. Balai Bomba dan Penyelamat Kota Raja
地址： Jalan Gedung Raja Abdullah, Kawasan 1, 41000 Klang.
联络号码：03-3371 4444
GPS定位： 3.042668, 101.447407
1857年，Raja Abdullah 建造了这座仓库，同年，他召集了87位华工划船到吉隆坡寻找锡矿，但却没有找到。回到了巴生后，他再一次号召150名华工，再往内陆地区搜寻。终于，在1859年发现了锡矿，便将采集回来的锡米存放在仓库内。直到1866年发生了巴生内战（亦称为雪兰莪内战），开始了英国参政司制度，仓库渐渐转成为英国人的办公楼、警察局、锡米博物馆等。近来，仓库面临严重的损坏而被迫关闭，然而，相关单位已开始为这座文化遗产进行修复，希望在不久的将来重新开放参观。
4. Gedung Raja Abdullah
地址： Kawasan 1, 41200 Klang.
GPS定位： 3.043441, 101.447609
在巴生南区，有许多超过百年历史的建筑物，其中一个就是这座印裔回教堂。1890年时，它是一间用木板盖成的宗教会所，为当地从南印度漂洋过来的印裔回教徒提供祈祷会所。1974年，该回教堂翻修成更具规模，并由当时的雪州苏丹——苏丹沙拉夫丁阿都阿兹主持开幕。不过，印裔回教堂再一次翻修成更宏伟的3层楼回教堂，以便能容纳更多信徒。
5. Masjid India Muslim Tengku Kelana Klang
地址： Jalan Tengku Kelana, Kawasan 1, 41000 Klang.
GPS定位：3.041931, 101.447204
这座可是全巴生最古老的兴都庙，同样也是具有超过百年历史。庙里记载了早期印度人移民到巴生的历史，至今仍是兴都教徒举办庆典的场所之一。告诉你一个小贴士，兴都庙的建筑构图其实是依照人体平躺的构造建起来呢！从天空俯瞰，庙的门口代表了人的双足，接着就是大厅（代表身体），再到神殿（代表头）。
6. Kuil Sri Nagara Thendayuthapani
地址： No. 2, Jalan Bukit Jawa, 41000, Klang.
GPS定位： 3.042432, 101.445560
建于1874年的旧渣打银行是巴生的第一家金融机构，全马第二家渣打银行，其建筑构造保存至今，极具新古典风格。然而，旧渣打银行现已易主，摇身一变成了印度布庄，不过，里面的构造并没有太大变动。不妨多留心注意，就能发现里面的历史足迹。
7. Chennai Silk Palace (Old Chartered Bank)
地址：No 1, Jalan Istana, Kawasan 1, 41000 Klang.
GPS定位：3.040751, 101.448908
营业时间：9am – 10pm
Raja Mahadi于1867年建造了这座堡垒，主要是为了打击位于山下的Raja Abdullah，企图夺回巴生的税收权。原本处于上风的Raja Mahadi，最后不敌Raja Abdullah联合
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à o un monarca irraggiungibile.
Se dovesse scegliere un evento e un personaggio della fase tra la convocazione degli Stati generali e l’esecuzione di Luigi XVI, quali sceglierebbe e perché?
Facile dire Robespierre, certamente il più rappresentativo degli uomini nuovi della rivoluzione. Proverei a muovermi altrimenti e indicare tre personaggi diversi: Luigi XVI, François-Nöel Babeuf, Anacharsis Cloots. La parabola di Luigi XVI ben rappresenta la fine di un’epoca. La monarchia francese, la dinastia dei re taumaturghi, pagava la crisi di consenso dopo l’apice del potere assoluto di Luigi XIV, il re Sole, e trovò in questo re scarsamente regale la persona, forse, meno adatta per reggere il comando in un tempo di crisi. Incapace di opporsi, sempre riottoso alle concessioni, fin dall’avvio degli Stati generali il re non fu in grado di imporsi con originalità alla platea pubblica, dubbioso se si trattasse di una rivolta, mentre il fuoco rivoluzionario già divampava.
Di fronte all’iniziativa del Terzo Stato, chiama in soccorso la nobiltà del regno e l’alto clero per riunirsi separatamente, per poi prontamente recedere e ordinargli di seguire il Terzo Stato. Subisce la notte del 4 agosto in cui si mette fine al dispositivo feudale, ed è costretto ad accogliere la “Dichiarazione dei diritti dell’uomo e del cittadino” che, di fatto, lo priva della verticalità dell’ordine politico su cui era fondato l’antico regime. Briga per la guerra, confidando nelle teste coronate europee per restaurare l’interezza del suo comando, ma deve subire l’iniziativa robespierrista.
Era un re dimezzato già dopo il misterioso quanto patetico tentativo di fuga; scoperto a Varenne viene ricondotto a Parigi, dove il popolo accoglie il suo arrivo in un silenzio tombale. Qualche giorno dopo il partito cordigliero trova la forza di scendere in piazza per chiedere la fine della monarchia e l’avvento della repubblica. Malgrado tutto, fino a quel momento nessuno aveva messo in discussione la presenza del sovrano, comunque ancora avvolto da un’aura sacrale. Non era più il padre di famiglia bonario e accorto, forse maldestro, ma comunque amorevole verso il proprio popolo; era un traditore, capace di vendere i propri sudditi all’interesse dinastico, alla reazione, al nemico. Il lungo processo, iniziato nei giorni immediatamente seguenti la proclamazione della repubblica (settembre 1792), mise ben in evidenza che la nazione aveva imparato a fare a meno del proprio re.
Babeuf, al contrario, incarna la Francia radicale e poco propensa al compromesso. Fin dall’infanzia Babeuf impara a confrontarsi con l’ingiustizia che domina la Piccardia, una regione rurale del nord della Francia, aiuta i contadini poveri vessati da nobili e preti; prova a riparare ai torti di una società profondamente ingiusta. E come avvocato si fa eleggere agli Stati generali.
La vicenda di Babeuf è anomala e ben descrive il turbolento periodo rivoluzionario: contesta da sinistra il governo rivoluzionario robespierrista, incita alla rivolta contro il Terrore, appoggia la socialità rivoluzionaria contro il dispotismo (vero o presunto) del governo di Salute Pubblica, si convince che dietro le continue esecuzioni ci sia un disegno preciso. Finisce spesso in prigione, rischia il patibolo e, dopo il 9 termidoro, gioisce alla notizia dell’esecuzione del “tiranno” Robespierre. Di fronte al regime direttoriale, di nuovo in prigione per aver espresso le sue critiche, comprende però che solo da una alleanza tra la borghesia produttiva e il vasto mondo popolare stava la via di fuga per conservare i successi della rivoluzione. A contatto con l’esule italiano Filippo Buonarroti, inizia così a rivalutare Robespierre, studia la Costituzione del 1793 e si accorge che la democrazia è un gioco sottile.
Scopo della rivoluzione è l’immanenza, cioè l’eguaglianza reale e la felicità comune. Per ottenerla, bisognava disfarsi di una costituzione come quella direttoriale del 1795 che conservava in equilibrio l’opulenza di alcuni e la miseria e il lavoro per molti. La rivoluzione politica doveva essere il presupposto di una rivoluzione sociale e questa a sua volta doveva dare nuova sostanza al movimento politico. È di questo che si parla nel Manifesto dei plebei, comparso su ”Il tribuno del popolo”, il giornale di Babeuf, nel novembre 1795: più o meno diceva così: “non più negli spiriti bisogna fare la rivoluzione; non è più qui che bisogna cercare il successo; da molto tempo essa è fatta e in modo compiuto, ma nelle cose bisogna infine che questa rivoluzione, dalla quale dipende la felicità del genere umano, sia fatta compiutamente”. Le proprietà pubbliche e private dovevano essere messe a disposizione del popolo. Occorreva terminare la rivoluzione, vale a dire realizzarla compiutamente. La Rivoluzione francese è soltanto il prodromo d’un’altra rivoluzione, molto più vasta, molto più solenne, e che sarà l’ultima. Queste le idee che condussero Babeuf alla ghigliottina nel 1796 e diedero avvio al pensiero comunista.
Infine, Cloots: un barone prussiano, per raccontare dei tanti uomini e delle tante donne europei che, già nel 1789, lasciarono la loro patria per andare a Parigi e toccare con mano la rivoluzione in atto e importarla in patria. È lui che il 14 luglio del 1790 si presentò alla festa della Federazione con una delegazione di cittadini provenienti da tutto il mondo. Cloots voleva rendere evidente a tutti che l’universalità della rivoluzione non era una parola vuota, ma una tensione costante a democratizzare il mondo, ma anche che i diritti dell’uomo divengono tali a prescindere dal ceto o dal genere o dal colore della pelle. Eppure, anche lui scontò la propria differenza, l’anelito a inscrivere la rivoluzione non più semplicemente nel quadro nazionale, ma a renderla la rivoluzione del genere umano, una rivoluzione senza razze, senza servi né padroni, senza frontiere.
Quali sono, in particolare, i tratti peculiari della figura umana e politica di Maximilien de Robespierre?
Robespierre fu una figura eccezionale. Va compreso il senso dell’affermazione dello storico francese Mathiez: noi non possiamo non dirci robespierristi. Io credo che Robespierre rappresenti la sfida dell’uomo davanti al precipizio, per cui se da un verso siamo estasiati di fronte all’immensità dello spazio dominato, dall’altra avvertiamo il terrore del baratro in cui rischiamo di cadere. Robespierre per certi versi è la rivoluzione, la possibilità di un riscatto.
Sempre lui a spingere nel primo periodo la rivoluzione verso direzioni inesplorate, a scuotere il corpo pigro dei francesi invitandoli a non accontentarsi, a essere esigenti con loro stessi e con i propri governanti; lui a contestare la moderazione dei primi provvedimenti, a ricordare che il processo rivoluzionario doveva osare andare verso soluzioni non previste; a ricordare che la guerra voluta dal re era deleteria per il mondo, che lo spirito di fazione avrebbe fatto arretrare la democrazia, a incitare il popolo a essere protagonista e prendere la parola. Senza questi elementi nessuna vera rivoluzione era possibile.
Poi però la situazione cambiò. La guerra, il nemico sul territorio francese costrinsero Robespierre a una brusca virata. Prima aveva perorato una Costituzione, quella del 1793, in cui la necessità del diritto di resistenza all’oppressione era buona pratica dei cittadini; ma aveva svincolato la cittadinanza da uno status, per trasformarla in uno spazio in cui libertà e uguaglianza erano semplicemente reinventate, secondo un modello originale simile a quello che si domanda ora alla cittadinanza europea. La Francia era la nazione aperta al mondo, la prima nazione a diluirsi in un universo aperto dove (art. 35): “gli uomini di tutti i paesi sono fratelli, e i differenti popoli devono aiutarsi tra di loro secondo il loro potere, come i cittadini dello stesso stato”.
Eppure, lo svolgimento del processo rivoluzionario testimonia come la morale politica di Robespierre (esposta da lui stesso nel discorso del febbraio 1794) fosse incerta nel reggere le sollecitazioni della realtà o, per dirla con altre parole, l’urto della “forza delle cose”. Certamente, il gruppo dirigente del partito montagnardo era espressione della borghesia più avanzata e seppe per un momento far proprie le esigenze della sanculotteria e del proletariato francese, riconoscendo la dignità della lotta per uscire dalla subalternità e le rivendicazioni per il “diritto di esistenza”. Tuttavia, Robespierre e compagni non sempre seppero adeguarsi coerentemente a quel popolo sovrano che pure formalmente patrocinavano e sul quale ordinavano il processo rivoluzionario.
Ogni movimento contrario all’unità del corpo politico da parte della democrazia di base del popolo rivoluzionario era assunto dal giacobinismo al potere come minaccia alla saldezza della Rivoluzione. In una democrazia assediata, la transizione della sovranità sembrava rivelare tutte le sue macroscopiche aporie, avvolgendosi in una spirale di paura, un proliferare di nemici. Robespierre e gli altri, già subito dopo la lotta alla Gironda, culminata nelle “giornate” del 31 maggio-2 giugno 1793, avevano esaurito ogni riguardo verso l’esercizio della parola popolare. Bisognava animare lo zelo del tribunale rivoluzionario affinché prevenisse col terrore ogni provocazione, come ammonì Robespierre. Malgrado la richiesta di alcuni petizionari, il 5 settembre, la Convenzione non mise il terrore “à l’ordre du jour”. Ma, di fatto, l’indirizzo politico prevalente esigeva la compattezza del movimento rivoluzionario, l’unione dei patrioti e la fine di ogni particolarismo. La cittadinanza e i relativi diritti coincidevano con il riconoscimento politico operato dal governo. Ogni critica diventava sospetto.
La necessità di salvare la Francia per difendere la rivoluzione spiega solamente in parte la cappa di paura e conformismo attraverso cui si voleva controllare la società. La condanna al patibolo di Anacharsis Cloots, colpevole di voler svellere la nazione dalle sue fondamenta, mettendo in questione la proprietà e associando la cittadinanza alla comune appartenenza alla repubblica universale del genere umano, è l’ennesima prova di una proposta politica che invocava il sacrificio come la cifra più significativa della propria identità rivoluzionaria. Le misure adottate dal governo dell’anno II non erano l’anticipazione di una politica di classe capace di trasformare la Rivoluzione francese in un embrione di una più ampia rivoluzione proletaria. La novità di Robespierre, semmai, era stata aver intuito che la borghesia, la componente più dinamica del processo rivoluzionario ancora in atto, non dovesse, né tantomeno potesse, rompere con la punta avanzata del movimento popolare, a tema di innescare una spirale controrivoluzionaria che avrebbe terminato la rivoluzione.
Una posizione strategica e consapevole che aveva segnato il carattere progressivo della Rivoluzione ma, per dirla con Armando Saitta, “Robespierre non fu mai il capo di una rivoluzione del quarto stato”. La traduzione in una politica coerente di questi princìpi faticò tuttavia a imporsi. Per questo la parabola robespierrista terminò con una congiura di palazzo. La Convenzione, il parlamento francese previsto dalla Convenzione del 1793, si saldò in un movimento contrario al governo di Salute pubblica, e gli stessi che avevano animato la stagione del Terrore individuarono in Robespierre la vittima sacrificale per continuare a esercitare il potere.
Babeuf si era opposto alla politica del Terrore e lo aveva fatto pubblicamente. Lui come Gilbert Romme non avevano condiviso il metodo robespierrista, ma ora con la sua morte serviva un atto di fede ideologica che rivalutasse gli uomini senza muovere i princìpi. Soprattutto, di fronte alla marea montante della reazione, serviva l’unità dei rivoluzionari, dovunque fossero collocati. Era stato necessario misurarsi con gli eventi, con lo sbandamento e la sconfitta di ogni pretesa di democrazia sociale che avevano precipitato la Francia nel deserto di speranze che gli sembrava caratterizzare il Direttorio. Robespierre aveva fondato la libertà in Francia e, agli occhi del popolo, il robespierrismo era la democrazia, l’uguaglianza. La giustizia e la felicità sarebbero dunque giunte solo da una ricomposizione dell’intero schieramento democratico, in grado di agglutinare ogni forma di resistenza al regime direttoriale. Solo successivamente Filippo Buonarroti, sulla scorta delle riflessioni in merito all’esperienza robespierrista e al fallimento del tentativo insurrezionale babuvista, si avviò sul sentiero del comunismo.
La Rivoluzione francese sfociò presto nel Terrore, di cui lei si è occupato in Una scena di vita durante il Terrore. La paura nella Rivoluzione francese, e in Le passioni della Rivoluzione fra paura e Terrore. Quali furono i tratti caratteristici di questo periodo?
Per Robespierre (discorso del 5 febbraio 1794), il Terrore non è altro che la “giustizia pronta, severa, inflessibile. Esso è dunque una emanazione della virtù. È molto meno un principio contingente, che non una conseguenza del principio generale della democrazia applicata ai bisogni più pressanti della patria”. In questa frase ci sono tutti gli elementi necessari per comprendere cosa fu il Terrore, nella particolare curvatura della rivoluzione con Robespierre. Il Terrore non è meccanica brutalità delinquenziale, piuttosto fu il malinteso tentativo di applicare una morale integrale alla politica. La ricerca spasmodica della virtù da parte degli uomini. La città, la patria solo in presenza di uomini virtuosi avrebbe sconfitto ogni nemico, avrebbe dissolto la barbarie e conquistato il diritto di vivere in fraternità.
Sul piano della realtà, il governo rivoluzionario fu però un regime a tratti dispotico, incapace di osservare la traccia umana nel momento in cui si proponeva di esaltare l’uomo. Fu un regime tuttavia necessario, così almeno apparve agli occhi dei rivoluzionari, per piegare la dissidenza e provare a salvaguardare la rivoluzione e avviare la rigenerazione. Non va giudicato, bisogna provare a capire perché uomini sinceramente democratici misero in atto politiche crudeli, in cui il nemico sembrava l’alterità e andava espunto dal consorzio civile. Secondo Jaurés, Robespierre non voleva cedere alla violenza, ma non ebbe la forza per opporsi al senso che avevano preso gli avvenimenti. Su questa incapacità, la rivoluzione consumò molta parte della sua capacità di attrazione, lasciando a noi la comprensione di un fenomeno politico che aveva aperto la mente degli uomini e poi li aveva costretti ad aver paura. Nei fatti, il Terrore fu una sorta di economia di guerra, con un governo sovraordinato, sempre però all’interno del recinto parlamentare: la Convenzione continuava a riunirsi e legiferare. La vita materiale dei cittadini cambiò, fu avvolta da incertezza e paura, ma la massa del popolo in qualche modo appoggiava lo strumento eccezionale, rivendicando nettezza di controllo. Ogni differenza venne però eliminata.
La Rivoluzione dell’89 ha coniato alcuni termini decisamente interessanti, come giacobinismo, utilizzato oggi comunemente per descrivere quel particolare atteggiamento giustizialista di chi “mette alla gogna” l’avversario politico in quanto impuro. Ebbene, a suo avviso, tale atteggiamento integralista che divide il mondo in buoni e cattivi, puri e impuri, è insito nella natura stessa delle rivoluzioni, in particolare in quella della Francia del ‘700?
È vero, quello che potremmo chiamare la dimensione politica della lingua subì una grande accelerazione con la rivoluzione. Si pensi al termine ”vandalismo”, lo stesso “terrore”, l’“assegnato”. In termini generali va compreso lo sforzo di imporre un’unica lingua nazionale, smorzando l’uso dei dialetti che rappresentavano l’eredità dell’antico regime ed era per questo perseguito come prova di controrivoluzione.
Se poi si fa riferimento alla valenza odierna del termine “giacobino” è chiara la distorsione, ma credo parli più della pigrizia intellettuale di un presente senza storia che di ieri. Il processo politico inaugurato dalla Rivoluzione francese introducendo la politica nell’agire umano e avendo bisogno di semplificazione inevitabilmente condusse a una logica oppositiva: noi/loro. Ma non necessariamente direi che ne era
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7). Nacque presso Bukhara, nell'attuale Uzbekistan e morì ad Hamadan in Persia. E' largamente conosciuto con l'appellativo occidentale Avicenna, anche se oggi si tende a tornare alla versione originale del nome, Ibn Sina. Si conosce molto della sua vita perchè egli stesso scrisse un'autobiografia ed uno dei suoi studenti scrisse una sua biografia.
Dopo la conquista araba della Persia, la prima dinastia araba a imporsi fu quella Samanide, a partire dal 900. Quando Avicenna nacque il sultano samanide era Nuh ibn Mansur e il suo potere era in declino. Il padre di Avicenna era governatore di un villaggio. La sua casa era un luogo di ritrovo per persone colte che manifestarono presto il loro stupore per la precocità del giovane Ibn Sina.
All'età di tredici anni incominciò a studiare medicina e a sedici anni incominciava a trattare pazienti. La sua fama medica crebbe al punto che il sovrano samanide Nuh ibn Mansur acconsentì a sottoporsi alle sue cure e, per ricompensa del trattamento positivo ricevuto, gli permise di consultare la biblioteca reale.
Purtroppo gli anni che seguirono non furono favorevoli per Ibn Sina, a causa delle lotte che si svilupparono per la supremazia in Asia centrale.
Avicenna scrisse circa 450 opere, delle quali circa 240 sono sopravvissute. Di queste 150 trattano di argomenti filosofici mentre 40 sono dedicate alla medicina. Questi sono i due campi nei quali si esercitò maggiormente il suo sapere. Ma egli scrisse anche di psicologia, geologia, matematica, astronomia e logica. Il suo più importante lavoro matematico fu un'immensa opera enciclopedica il Kitab al-Shifa, "Il libro delle cure". Una delle quattro parti del libro è dedicata alla matematica, in cui è trattata anche l'astronomia. Ibn Sina suddivideva l'astronomia in tavole astronomiche, tavole geografiche e calendario.|
Eseguì anche osservazioni astronomiche, e sappiamo che alcune vennero eseguite a Isfahan e altre ad Hamadan. Inventò anche uno strumento astronomico mediante il quale era possibile osservare sia l'altezza di un astro che il suo azimut.
AL-ZARQALI (ARZACHEL)|
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Zarqali (1028 - 1087). Conosciuto in Occidente con il nome di Arzachel, svolse la sua attività di astronomo a Toledo, principalmente con la compilazione delle famose Tavole toledane che acquisirono grande fama in Occidente dopo la loro traduzione in latino. Apportò molte correzioni a dati geografici che risalivano a Tolomeo e al al-Khwarizmi. Diede per il valore annuo del moto dell'apogeo solare il valore straordinariamente preciso di 12" di arco. A lui è attribuita l'invenzione di un particolare astrolabio che venne chiamato Safilah e che venne descritto in molte lingue.
Copernico esprime nel De revolutionibus la sua riconoscenza ad al-Battani e ad al-Zarqali.
Nur al-Din Ibn Ishaq al-Bitruji (ca. 1120 - 1204).
Originario del Marocco, emigrò in Spagna e visse principalmente a Siviglia. La sua opera principale fu Kitab al-Hayah che venne tradotta dapprima in ebraico e poi in latino. Tentò di apportare modifiche al sistema tolemaico, ma ne fu impedito dal volersi mantenere fedele ai canoni aristotelici di perfezione dei moti circolari.
AL-TUSI
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201 - 1274) nacqua a Tus, nell'attuale Iran. Fu uno dei più grandi scienziati del suo tempo. Scrisse trattati di Algebra, aritmetica, trigonometria, fisica, geometria, logica, medicina, teologia. Venne protetto dal sovrano mongolo Hulug Begh che, impressionato dalla sua cultura (e probabilmente dalla sua abilità astrologica) lo nominò tra i suoi ministri.
Nel 1262 la munificienza del sovrano gli permise di costruire un osservatorio astronomico a Maragha e iniziò a sovraintendere all'attività di osservazione. L'osservatorio era dotato della migliore strumentazione, tra cui un quadrante murale di quaranta metri di raggio. Al-Tusi stesso progettò altri strumenti di sua concezione. Produsse delle tavole planetarie di straordinaria precisione ed un catalogo stellare, pubblicando il tutto con il titolo Al-Zij Ilkhani. Calcolò il valore di 51" quale rateo annuo della precessione degli equinozi. Fu forse il primo matematico a tentare di dimostrare il V postulato di Euclide, e fu anche tra i primi a mettere in evidenza notevoli improprietà nella dottrina tolemaica. In particolare si mostrò scettico sull'equante come punto rispetto al quale un moto non uniforme su un cerchio, poteva essere visto uniforme. In un'altra sua pubblicazione, Tadhkira Fi Ilm Al-Haya, "Memoria sull'astronomia", diede una versione critica della teoria tolemaica. Nello stesso libro propose un ingegnoso dispositivo che poteva essere usato nelle teorie planetarie: si trattava della dimostrazione che un moto oscillatorio rettilineo poteva essere prodotto dalla combinazione di due moti circolari (questo dispositivo oggi è spesso chiamato "la coppia di Al-Tusi"). Ciò era chiaramente in contrasto con la rigida distinzione operata da Aristotele tra i moti circolari uniformi (che erano riservati all'ambito delle sfere celesti) e i moti rettilinei (che erano propri del mondo sublunare).
I suoi studi di trigonometria sferica inclusero sei formule per la soluzione di triangoli rettangoli sferici. Fu il primo a trattare la trigonometria piana e sferica come una branca speciale della matematica.|
Al-Tusi fu un prolifico scrittore. Sessantaquattro suoi trattati sono sopravvissuti e furono tutti tradotti in latino e nelle principali lingue europee.
LA TREPIDAZIONE|
Diamo ora una descrizione sommaria della teoria della trepidazione perchè essa è attribuita, nella sua forma originale, a Thabit Qurra. Abbiamo visto che non appena l'astronomia araba, pur mantenendosi sostanzialmente nel solco della tradizione tolemaica, si avviò verso una sua autonoma operatività, non tardarono ad essere eseguite scoperte sensazionali, propiziate evidentemente da miglioramenti tecnologici strumentali di sette secoli, ma anche dalla autentica passione con cui gli Arabi si dedicarono a questa scienza. Abbiamo visto che Albatenio (che è considerato il più grande astronomo arabo) trovò per l'obliquità dell'eclittica il valore di 23º 33', ben più piccolo del valore ricevuto in eredità da Tolomeo di 23º 51' e che a lui fu dato di scoprire il moto dell'apogeo solare. Queste variabilità indussero purtroppo gli astronomi arabi ad ipotizzare la variabilità anche di un altro parametro astronomico, quello del valore annuo della precessione. Ciò fece nascere uno dei fantasmi dell'astronomia che imperversò poi per più di mezzo millennio, cioè la trepidazione
Le speculazioni degli Arabi si potevano riassumere grossolanamente così: tra l'epoca di Ipparco e quella di Tolomeo (circa 270 anni) la variazione della precessione appariva essere stata di circa 1º ogni 100 anni, mentre tra le osservazioni di Tolomeo e quelle arabe dei secoli IX e X, il rateo dava il valore di 1º ogni 66 anni. Contrariamente all'opinione del grande Al Battani che aveva saggiamente concluso che soltanto le accurate osservazioni dei secoli a venire avrebbero potuto stabilire se il rateo doveva essere considerato variabile o costante, nel secolo IX nacque la teoria della variabilità di entrambi i parametri, dell'obliquità e della precessione secondo un unico meccanismo. Per tradizione la teoria è attribuita a Thabit ibn Qurra (ca. 824 - 901), di cui abbiamo già dato alcune notizie.
Occorre ricordare che la teoria affondava nel passato. Teone di Alessandria, il commentatore di Tolomeo del secolo IV, nella sua introduzione alle Tabelle ridotte di Tolomeo, parla di una strana dottrina che veniva professata da antichi astrologi. Essi sostenevano che le stelle si muovevano, verso est per 8º al rateo di 1º ogni 80 anni. Dopo di che il moto si stabiliva verso ovest, sempre per 8º e sempre al rateo di 1º ogni 80 anni. Questo moto alternato continuava da tempo immemorabile. Inoltre, quegli astrologi fissavano all'anno 158 a.C. l'epoca nella quale il moto aveva cambiato direzione, stabilendosi verso est.
Occorre dire che né Tolomeo né alcun altro autore greco, tranne Teone di Alessandria, fece mai menzione di questa antica diceria. E' stata avanzata l'ipotesi che questa dottrina sia stata una erronea interpretazione del fatto che i Babilonesi ponevano, anticamente, l'inizio dei segni zodiacali equinoziali e solstiziali all'8º grado del rispettivo segno. Occorre anche dire che un semplice calcolo avrebbe dovuto mostrare, agli astronomi arabi del secolo IX che c'era qualcosa che non andava in quelle antiche teorie. Infatti, per eseguire uno spostamento di 8º al rateo di 1º ogni 80 anni, ci sarebbero voluti 640 anni e, se nel 158 a.C. era iniziato il movimento verso est, nell'anno 483 avrebbe dovuto aver luogo l'inversione, per cui al tempo di Thabit le stelle avrebbero dovuto essere in moto verso ovest, il che non era assolutamente vero: le osservazioni arabe mostravano inequivocabilmente che, almeno dal tempo di Ipparco, le stelle si erano sicuramente spostate di circa 14º verso est, senza alcuna inversione.
LA TREPIDAZIONE SECONDO THABIT|
Nella cosmologia medioevale la sfera delle stelle fisse ricevette la denominazione di ottava sfera, perchè a Sole, Luna e ai cinque pianeti erano assegnate sette sfere. Il titolo latino dell'opera di Thabit che descriveva la trepidazione era Dei moti dell'ottava sfera.
|Thabit si proponeva di fornire una spiegazione di due "fenomeni": la reale diminuzione dell'obliquità dell'eclittica, e la supposta variazione del rateo della precessione. All'uopo Thabit circondava l'ottava sfera con una ulteriore sfera, che nella cosmologia latina ricevette il nome di Primo mobile. Questa nona sfera era quella che comunicava alla sfera delle stelle fisse (e ai sistemi di sfere planetari interni di origine tolemaica) il moto diurno, e quindi era quella che portava l'equatore Q'RKQ. Questo equatore, fisso su questa sfera, era intersecato in un certo suo punto R dall'eclittica fissa E'RNME. Questa non era l'eclittica reale ma una fittizia, facente un angolo fisso di 23º 33' (secondo Thabit) con l'equatore del Primo mobile. PMKP' è il coluro solstiziale fisso. Nel punto R Thabit pone un cerchio, pure fisso, avente raggio angolare ampio 4º 18' 43". Un altro cerchio, simile al precedente, si trova centrato nel punto di equatore diametralmente opposto ad R. Lungo il cerchio centrato in R si muove di moto uniforme, nel senso indicato dalla freccia, il punto C, che gli astronomi latini chiamavano Caput Arietis.|
(Questo punto C, pur muovendosi sul cerchio fisso di centro R, appartenente al Primo mobile, doveva intendersi (sempre secondo Thabit) appartenente all'ottava sfera).|
Il moto uniforme di C era tale che l'angolo b variava di 360º in 4182 anni islamici (circa 4057 anni giuliani). Diametricalmente opposto a C c'è un punto, evidentemente anch'esso mobile con lo stesso ritmo di C, e detto dagli astronomi latini Caput Librae. Attraverso questi due punti passava l ' eclittica mobile CN (anch'essa appartenente all'ottava sfera). L'effettivo punto equinoziale primaverile ^ risultava dall'intersezione di questa eclittica mobile con l'equatore fisso.
L'eclittica mobile apparteneva dunque all'ottava sfera (assieme alle stelle fisse che sono appunto fisse su di essa), per cui il moto del punto C faceva muovere l'eclittica mobile e tutte le stelle della stessa quantità, onde la distanza angolare tra C e una certa stella che fosse capitata su questa eclittica mobile, sarebbe rimasta costante. Il punto N, di intersezione dell'eclittica mobile con la fissa, era sempre a 90º da C, ed era detto Caput Cancri. Esso aveva quindi un moto di avanti e indietro sull'eclittica fissa, e non era l'effettivo punto solstiziale, quello in cui il Sole vero raggiunge la massima declinazione (questo punto è indicato in figura con a.
Rispetto alla distanza dall'eclittica mobile quindi, la latitudine celeste rimane costante. La longitudine invece varia perchè la distanza angolare delle stelle dal punto ^ è continuamente variabile (come vedremo tra poco). Il moto di avanti e indietro delle stelle dell'ottava sfera implica una variazione di posizione delle stelle rispetto all'equatore della nona sfera, e quindi ascensione retta e declinazione saranno continuamente variabili.
ACCESSO E RECESSO DI THABIT
Volendo addentrarci (ancora per poco) nell'argomento trascendente della trepidazione, osserviamo la figura 12, che dà quattro situazioni del raggio RC, ad intervalli di 507 anni, durante i quali il detto raggio ruota di angoli b eguali di 45º. Come si vede, la distanza angolare della stella S dal Caput Arietis C rimane costante (è stata scelta una stella S giacente sull'eclittica mobile, per cui la sua latitudine rimane sempre zero). La longitudine di S, invece, essendo la distanza angolare di S da ^, varia in maniera irregolare. Si vede infatti che la longitudine aumenta di una quantità maggiore dall'anno 97 all'anno 604, di quanto non sia aumentata dall'anno 411 a.C. all'anno 97.
In ogni caso, la longitudine ^S è data da : ^S = CS + ^C, con CS costante come detto, e ^C positivo quando C è sopra l'equatore, e negativo quando è sotto. ^C (che, per un dato istante, ha lo stesso valore per tutte le stelle), nella teoria della trepidazione è detta equazione in longitudine.
Thabit non affrontò il problema di dare una formula trigonometrica per l'equazione in longitudine ^C. Diede una tabella di valori di ^C in funzione dell'angolo b, da 0º a 90º. I valori di questa tabella si accordano abbastanza bene con la formula sen(^C) = sen(10º 45')•sen(b), che venne largamente usata in seguito.|
Dal De motu stellarum risulta chiaramente che Thabit era consapevole che questo moto alternativo produceva anche una variazione nell'obliquità, ma non si soffermò a trattare con calcoli questo aspetto, si limitò a dare alcuni valori. E' stato comunque calcolato recentemente che il modello di Thabit comportava una variazione dell'obliquità tra 23º59' e 23º29', che corrispondono proprio ai valori entro i quali l'obliquità era variata dall'antichità ai tempi di Thabit.
Eseguendo altri calcoli con formule più precise, si è determinato che il sistema di Thabit dava risultati in linea con ciò che si sapeva della precessione dai tempi di Ipparco. Infatti, secondo queste formule precise dall'epoca di Ipparco all'epoca di Tolomeo si avrebbe un rateo di 1º in 101 anni, mentre dall'epoca di Tolomeo fino all'epoca di Thabit il rateo sarebbe di 1º in 64º anni (ricordiamo che Thabit riteneva valido per il suo periodo il rateo di 1º in 66 anni).
LA TREPIDAZIONE NEI SECOLI SUCCESSIVI|
Nel mondo islamico orientale questa teoria della trepidazione non venne accolta propriamente con favore. Al-Battani adottò un rateo uniforme di 1º in 66 anni (Thabit sostenne che in seguito anche al-Battani accettò la teoria). Ibn Yunus (1100) adottò un rateo costante di 1º in 70 anni, molto preciso per la sua epoca.
In Occidente ebbe un'accoglienza migliore. Le tabelle di Thabit vennero incluse nelle Tavole toledane e ciò contribuì enormemente alla popolarità della teoria stessa. A partire dal secolo XIII l'aumento costante della precessione avrebbe dovuto porre fine a qualunque idea di variabilità. Invece, nelle
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First World War. The movement began as a backlash against industrialism and mass production, and sought to champion traditional skills and artisans. It was more than just a design movement, however, as it laid down a philosophy for life which embraced quality materials, craftsmanship and natural beauty.
The two figures most associated with the Arts and Crafts movement are theorist, artist and critic John Ruskin and designer, writer and activist William Morris, who famously summarised his own design philosophy as "Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful”. While Ruskin developed the principles, Morris put them into practice and became commercially very successful. His floral fabrics and wallpapers, strongly influenced by medieval designs, quickly became classics and are still popular today.
Despite its promotion of rural values, the Arts and Crafts movement flourished in cities such as Manchester and London, and large department stores such Heal’s and Liberty’s stocked the new goods, helping them reach a wider audience. Other well-known designers of the period include George Jack, Edward Burne-Jones, Philip Webb, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Ford Maddox Brown. Because of their quality materials, simple lines and beautiful craftsmanship, original Arts and Crafts furniture, textiles and other goods are still popular today. William Morris taught himself to embroider as part of his pursuit of craftsmanship, and original design sketches or worked examples are greatly sought after.
As with all other antiques, rarity and condition dictate value. The Arts and Crafts movement was dominated by a few key figures such as Morris and the artist Edward Burne-Jones, so objects with a personal connection and good provenance can fetch a premium.
On the right of this page you will see a few Arts & Crafts furniture items we've sold. If you're considering the sale of any furniture item, contact our valuers for a free appraisal. Check our sold lots archive for examples we have recently sold, or sign up to our Lot Alerts if you would like to be notified the next time we have Arts & Crafts furniture for sale.
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On the right of this page you will see a few highlights of Arts & Crafts furniture items we've sold - to see more, including prices and dates, search our sold lot archives.<|endoftext|>Sep 19, 2017
- Professors launch advice on living and working with robots
- A fifth of youngsters believe they could be friends with a robot
- Research published ahead of Tomorrow’s Engineers Week (6-10 November 2017)
The traditional BFF (best friend forever) is set to be replaced by a robot equivalent for many young people, according to new research.
One in five 9-18-year-olds believe a robot could one day become their friend, and 8% admit they already speak to their voice-activated personal assistant like a pal.
The research, commissioned by EngineeringUK ahead of Tomorrow’s Engineers Week, reveals how school children feel about living and working with robots.
Voice-activated personal assistants are a relatively new phenomenon in the home, with Amazon Alexa celebrating its third birthday during Tomorrow’s Engineers Week (6th November). Yet, the awareness of voice-activated personal assistants among young people is vast, with only 2% saying they haven’t heard of them.
Two fifths (41%) of young people already have a voice-activated personal assistant on their phone and a quarter (23%) have one at home, such as Amazon Alexa, Samsung Smart Home and Google Home Assistant, yet 35% of young people say they do not feel adequately prepared for working with technology and computers in the future.
With Artificial Intelligence transforming the workplace at a staggering rate, the research reveals a third of young people (34%) actively welcome the opportunity to work alongside robots while 29% anticipate that robots will take on the mundane jobs that humans don’t want. Only 14% of young people feel nervous about robots being used in the workplace, with girls more so than boys (19% and 9% respectively).
Experts from leading UK universities have compiled their top tips to living and working with robots and AI. These include:
- Get to know the robot and understand what the robot can do and what it cannot do. The more you understand robots and AI, the more you will get out of them.
- We can achieve more by working together: Robots and AIs have limitations; they can help us with some tasks, but need our help with others.
- Keep your personal information secure. Robots and AIs can be hacked, just like other computer systems.
- Once in a while, turn the robot off (and the internet/email/surfing) to enjoy social life with other humans!
The full advice is available from tomorrowsengineers.org.uk.
James Law, Senior Experimental Officer at Sheffield Robotics – part of the University of Sheffield – advises all students and employees to embrace future technology:
“Robots today are being designed to do dull, repetitive, dangerous, and time-consuming jobs that will free up our time for more rewarding activities. The more users embrace the technology, the more they will get out of it.”
“Whilst robots will be helpful in many roles, they will still struggle with things that we find easy. By working together, robots and humans will be able to achieve more than we would alone.
“The research suggests that children may need to think more carefully about their GCSE and A Level options to prepare them for the world of work.
“What’s clear is that almost every job will require a degree of understanding about how robots and AI work, so in that sense it has never been more important that young people consider engineering in their careers.
“From fighting diseases and recovering from natural disasters to renewable energy and manufacturing, engineering is a way for young people to pursue their interests. Tomorrow’s Engineers Week will be a vital part of helping young people pursue their dreams.”
In contrast to the traditional image that is conjured up of robots, Angelo Cangelosi, Professor in Artificial Intelligence and Cognition at the University of Plymouth, and Director of its Centre for Robotics and Neural Systems, said:
“We are constantly exploring the possibilities and boundaries of AI and robotics. We are still a little way off from having robots interact with humans on a deep level, but we are making progress all of the time particularly in domestic situations and driverless technology. The evolution of robots is not as simple as a straight line, from A-B, but that is part of the challenge and excitement of this field of research.
“Robots of today are a fascinating preview of how we might be living our lives tomorrow. From companions capable of reading our expressions and remembering previous conversations, to domestic home-helps that can go to the shops for us, it is really just a matter of time until we see ‘deep learning’ technologies being integrated into robotics that will transform their capabilities.”
Beth Elgood, Director of Communications at EngineeringUK, said:
“Engineers are, and will continue to be, at the forefront of technological innovation such as robots and AI, developments which will play an increasing role in all of our personal and working lives. Tomorrow’s Engineers Week is an important part of the drive to inspire the next generation of engineers and will this year see a network of over 300 employers, schools and professional engineering institutions working together to do just that.”< Back to News & Media<|endoftext|>The Online Teacher Resource
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A series of adjective worksheets ranging from basic to intermediate. Adjective modify nouns and help the reader better understand the attributes of the noun. For example, The man ran past me. Let's add an adjective. The big man ran past me. Now you have a description of the man.
Mastering the use of Adjectives - We use a cute puppy for this one.
Rules Worksheet: What Is An Adjective? - We look at what adjectives are and how to use them in sentences.
Underline the Adjectives, Box in the Nouns -Find the adjective and the noun that it modifies.
Does It Need An Adverb or an Adjective? - Make grammatically correct sentences.
Adjective Mastery with People - Describe cute, little Suzy. Just like us!
Grammar Workbook, Vol. 1 - A full overview of everything.
Adjective Review Worksheet - A nice review of everything for you.
Adjective In Sentences - Find the noun and adjective that describes it.
Adjectives Mastery with Pictures - What do you have to say about this hot rod?
Identifying Adjectives - This is a very basic worksheet for students.
Grammar Workbook, Vol. 2 - We follow through with another complete review for you.
Circle My Adjective - A race to find the adjectives in the sentences.
Adverb and Adjectives in Use - We receive a ton of compliments on this one.
Noun or Adjective! What is it? - Identify the underlined word and its significance in the sentence.
The Adjective Circle - A simple circle me activity. We use more pronouns in this one to mix it up a bit.
Most Common Adjectives Vocabulary Words Unit - An awesome pack for members.
Most Common Nouns Vocabulary Words Unit - A follow up pack to accompany the above title.
How Many Adjectives - A specifically purposed word set.
"What Kind" Adjectives - This specifically speak to giving you more precise information about the noun involved.
Which One Adjectives - A driven set of words. See if you get what we mean by that.
Parts of Speech Worksheet Set - A deep and thorough review for you. All core aligned.
- Kindergarten to High School
- Super Learning Activities
- Sentence Rewriting
- Preposition Synthesis<|endoftext|>Birds learn new foraging techniques by observing others in their social network, 'copycat' behaviour that can sustain foraging 'traditions' that last years, according to a study of how innovations spread and persist in wild great tits (Parus major).
The study involved experiments with eight local populations of great tits in Wytham Woods, Oxfordshire (UK). In five of the populations two male birds were trained to slide a puzzle box door either to the left or to the right. In three control groups two males were captured but not trained. The birds were then released back into their original populations to act as 'innovators', together with puzzle boxes that revealed a tasty mealworm reward when opened from either side. Electronic tags on the birds recorded how the two box-opening methods spread in each of the local populations through social network links.
Despite both methods working equally well, the team, led by Oxford University researchers, found that each experimental population strongly favoured the puzzle-solving solution that had been introduced by the trained birds. The preference for this arbitrary solution increased over time, forming a stable tradition. In the control populations, by contrast, it took much longer for birds to learn to solve the puzzle box.
When the experiments were repeated a year later each population still favoured their own 'traditional' method even though only 40% of each population of 75-100 birds were survivors from the previous year. The researchers were able to show that, even when birds discovered both ways of opening the puzzle-box, they were much more likely to use the behaviour that was dominant in their local population; in other words, they conformed to the behaviour in their local population.
The research, reported in this week's Nature, is the first experimental demonstration of the spread of culture, and the operation of conformist learning in a wild non-primate. The team included scientists from the University of Ottawa, Canada, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia and the University of Exeter, UK, and was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the European Research Council (ERC).
'In humans, new traditions arise when novel behaviours spread through social network ties via a process of observational learning. But we really have very little knowledge if similar processes are happening in animal populations,' said report author Dr Lucy Aplin of Oxford University's Department of Zoology. 'We were able to experimentally demonstrate that sustained foraging traditions can occur in wild great tits. This appears to have been partly due to a process of conformity – the birds were preferentially copying the majority behaviour.'
The team collected data from electronic tags worn by individual birds and data-loggers fitted to each puzzle box to track how the two different box-opening methods spread from two trained individuals through a population. From this data the researchers were able to build up a picture of the birds' social networks and how they learned from each other. The team's analysis showed that rather than adopting a mix of equally-efficient solutions there was an increasing bias so that after four weeks almost all individuals had adopted one solution.
Professor Ben Sheldon, Director of the Edward Grey Institute at Oxford University's Department of Zoology, said: 'Our experiments suggest that birds can learn through observation, and that this may help create arbitrary local 'cultural traditions'. Because the particular form of these traditions has no bearing on survival it might be expected that they would be eroded over time as older birds die and are replaced by newcomers. However, our work shows that once a majority in a group adopt one way of doing things these cultural traditions are passed on to the next generation and may persist over years.'
Dr Lucy Aplin, first author of the report, added: 'Even when a great tit already has experience of using one method, if it moves to a new area which favours the alternative solution this bird is likely to adopt the method preferred by its new group. It is as if its own personal experience is being over-written by the majority behaviour.'
Whilst traditions and cultural behaviour might well exist in other animals besides primates, this is notoriously difficult to study in wild populations. It is only with new technologies, such as passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and RFID-enabled data-loggers, that large-scale experiments investigating animal culture are possible. As innovative and opportunistic foragers with complex social networks, great tits make the ideal model for studying the spread, establishment, and persistence of such 'animal culture'.
A report of the research, entitled 'Experimentally induced innovations lead to persistent culture via conformity in wild birds', is published in Nature on 3 December 2014.<|endoftext|>Una nuova vernice cangiante ispirata alle capacità dei camaleonti cambia colore in base alla temperatura diventa più chiara quando bisogna rinfrescare gli edifici, e più scura quando è il momento di riscaldarli. Potrebbe ridurre considerevolmente i consumi energetici in molte parti del mondo
Per gli studiosi si apre la strada alla possibilità di analizzare "eventi meteo-marini estremi avvenuti nel passato" in modo da valutare l'evoluzione nel tempo delle intensità di questi fenomeni e avere nuove informazioni utili allo studio dei cambiamenti climatici
L'allarme: "Tra 30 anni addio vacanze sulle neve se non fermiamo il riscaldamento. Continuando con i modelli attuali di produzione e consumo di energia, gli scienziati hanno valutato che le condizioni in cui si troverà l'Italia potranno essere molto diverse da quelle attuali"<|endoftext|>توضیحات سخنگوی وزارت خارجه درباره نامه روحانی به سران کشور های منطقه
به گزارش کشتی کروز، سخنگوی وزارت امور خارجه ارسال نامه از سوی رئیس جمهور کشورمان به سران کشور های منطقه درباره همکاری در طرح موسوم به پویش صلح هرمز را تأیید و توضیحاتی را درباره آن ارائه کرد.
به گزارش گروه سیاسی کشتی کروز، سید عباس موسوی سخنگوی وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران روز شنبه در گفتگو با کشتی کروز اعلام نمود که حسن روحانی رئیس جمهور کشورمان طی نامه ای به سران کشور های شورای همکاری خلیج فارس و همچنین عراق خواستار همکاری آن ها در طرح صلح پیشنهادی ایران برای تأمین صلح و ثبات در منطقه شده است.
در پاسخ به پرسش کشتی کروز در خصوص اخبار منتشره از ارسال نامه رئیس جمهوری اسلامی ایران به سران کشور های شورای همکاری خلیج فارس و همچنین عراق، ضمن تایید این خبر اضافه نمود: پس از ارائه پویش صلح هرمز توسط ریاست محترم جمهوری اسلامی ایران در نشست امسال مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد، ایشان متن کامل آن را برای سران کشور های یاد شده ارسال کرد و در آن خواستار تشریک مساعی همه آن ها در پردازش و اجرای آن شدند.
وی اضافه نمود: این امر نشان دهنده جدیت جمهوری اسلامی ایران و اهمیت دادن به کشور های منطقه در تامین ثبات و امنیت در منطقه خلیج فارس است.
موسوی اضافه نمود: دکتر ظریف وزیر امور خارجه کشورمان نیز به زودی نامه ای در این زمینه خطاب به دبیرکل سازمان ملل متحد ارسال خواهد کرد.منبع: خبرگزاری دانشجو<|endoftext|>|砸球（BALL SLAM）：释放你的压力和挫折
砸球（Ball Slam）使用到的肌肉群跟跟标准的卷腹（Crunch）一样。
当你双手举过头部时，延展到髋关节，你的腹肌会紧紧拉伸
而当你下砸时，髋关节是处在弯曲的位置。你的腹肌会紧紧的卷缩、只是不同的是这一状况是「爆发力量动作（Explosive Move）」，涉及到髋关节、背部和肩膀，在一天工作下来，这是解除压力非常棒的动作。
动作要领：双手抓住球，两只脚与肩同宽，膝盖微弯肘和手。拿住球，双手高高举起，然后将砸向身体前方的地面。然后，把球捡回来，重翻进行。如果你要增加动作的强度的话，选一颗更重的药球
家具材料的部份，可以选择硬式药球、球、沙软式药袋等，建议是耐砸，而弹力不高的器材罗，不然反弹可能会伤害到自己，有的人是乱弹，打坏东西。<|endoftext|>清和公园靠近南岸咀头山村外面的那座桥，往开发区方向的这段陡立的落差缝隙是不是太厉害了，这段的车流量也是挺大的，对经常有从这边经过的车辆而已，虽然是习惯了，但是长此以往对车辆的影响还是不太好的，突然间因为这个落差而踩刹车发出的声音还不是轻轻的，车身都会一阵抖！
能把这个落差缝隙修补一下吗？<|endoftext|>This program is designed for children ages 7-12. This skill-building program utilizes a combination of age-appropriate exercises - mindfulness, yoga/mindful movement, art, meditation practices, and multimedia - to cultivate kindness, encourage insight, build skills of self-awareness and empathy, and strengthen the capacity for greater emotional regulation and stronger emotional resilience.
Since many families are required to make adjustments to their daily schedule due to these unprecedented times we face, we are choosing to offer this program online for you and your child. This invitation allows for you as a parent to participate and practice the meditations and exercises with your child at home. The program consists of age-appropriate practices for your child, followed by a 30-minute parent session to help you support your child at home.
Focused attention and sustained concentration are just a few of the benefits of mindfulness. Kids can easily experience what is commonly known as the "monkey mind,"
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اقتصاد مقاومتی از فرمان تا اجرا
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راهکارهای ترویج فرهنگ استفاده از کالای ایرانی
به اعتقاد بسیاری از صاحب نظران و نخبگان اقتصادی،خرید محصولات ایرانی لازمه پیشرفت و...<|endoftext|>Ricorderemo come una Befana ricca quella del 2021 che ci ha dato il 100% degli esiti indovinati sulla serie A, comprensiva di due risultati esatti e di due segni X.
10 partite indovinate che hanno generato una quota del valore di 420 volte la posta iniziale.
Che dire, ancora un ottimo successo per SGE che ci permette di partire alla grande nel nuovo anno ma specialmente alla scalata di gennaio sul bookmaker di riferimento.
Questi i risultati odierni:<|endoftext|>离婚后档案怎么才能回到原户籍？-户籍回到才能档案
飞扬zmg 01-11 20:41:22 118
离婚后档案怎么才能回到原户籍？那你应该把你的户口起到你原籍，那就在你原地落户就可以了
离婚后户口可以迁回原籍，相关法条如下：
《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》
第十条
公民迁出本户口管辖区，由本人或者户主在迁出前向户口登记机关申报迁出登记，领取迁移证件，注销户口。
公民由农村迁往城市，必须持有城市劳动部门的录用证明，学校的录取证明，或者城市户口登记机关的准予迁入的证明，向常住地户口登记机关申请办理迁出手续。
公民迁往边防地区，必须经过常住地县、市、市辖区公安机关批准。
第十三条
公民迁移，从到达迁入地的时候起，城市在三日以内，农村在十日以内，由本人或者户主持迁移证件向户口登记机关申报迁入登记，缴销迁移证件。
没有迁移证件的公民，凭下列证件到迁入地的户口登记机关申报迁入登记：
1．复员、转业和退伍的军人，凭县、市兵役机关或者团以上军事机关发给的证件
2．从国外回来的华侨和留学生，凭中华人民共和国护照或者入境证件
3．被人民法院、人民检察院或者公安机关释放的人，凭释放机关发给的证件。
扩展资料：
办理户口迁移所需的证明材料
公民因各种原因需办理户口迁移手续的，应持居民户口簿、居民身份证及与迁移事由相关的证明：
1、婚迁，持合法的结婚(离婚)证；
2、分(购)、建房迁移，持房卡或住房证明；
3、出国(境)注销户口，持有关部门出具的注销户口通知单；
4、回国(入境)落户，持定居证或劳动人事部门核准的录用证明、护照(回乡证)或有关部门出具的证件收存(收缴)证明，回国后异地落户的，还须持原户口登记机关出具的注销户口的证明；
5、公民入伍注销户口，持入伍通知书；
6、退伍、复员、转业落户，持县市兵役机关，县市以上复员安置办公室发给的登记户口的证明，异地安置的，还须持原户口登记机关出具的注销户口的证明；
7、刑满释放、解除劳教人员落户，持释放证、解除劳教通知书，异地落户的，还须持原户口登记机关出具的注销户口的证明；
8、大中专学生入学户口迁移，持入学通知书；
9、大中专学生分配落户，持派遣证；
10、录用公务员、招收职工迁移户口，持录用(招收)证明及《调动人员情况登记表》；
11、公务员、职工调动、辞退等户口迁移，持调动、辞退证明及《调动人员情况登记表》；
12、收养小孩落户，持收养公证书或《收养证》；
13、解除收养关系迁移户口，持解除收养关系公证书或《解除收养证》；
14、离退休人员户口迁移，持离(退)休证；
15、与职称、职务、学历、荣誉、工龄、年龄等有关的户口迁移，持相应的证(聘)书及工龄、年龄证明；
16、需要凭户口准迁证方可迁移的对象，还须持迁入地县、市公安机关出具的户口准迁证；
17、需要经过上级公安机关批准后方办理的户口迁移，还应提供上级公安机关的批准文件。
参考资料来源：百科-户口迁移
离婚后档案怎么才能回到原户籍？离婚档案是不随户口走的，你可以要档案时再调阅。
户口迁移到原来的户籍地。
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- Belediyenizin temel hizmetleri sağlamak için ihtiyaç duyduğu kaynaklara sahip olmasını sağlamaya yardımcı olun
- Komşularınız ve toplum için iyi bir örnek olun
Vergilerin çevrimiçi olarak nasıl ödeneceğine ilişkin adımlar şunlardır:
- Uşak Belediyesi web sitesine gidin.
- “Hızlı Erişim” sekmesine tıklayın.
- “Hızlı Borç Ödeme” bağlantısını tıklayın.
- Vergi bilgilerinizi girin.
- Vergileri kredi kartı veya banka kartı kullanarak ödeyin.
Vergilerin şahsen nasıl ödeneceğine ilişkin adımlar şunlardır:
- Uşak Belediyesi binasına gidin.
- Kasiyer ofisine gidin.
- Vergi bilgilerinizi sağlayın.<|endoftext|>Lübnan'ın başkenti Beyrut'u ziyaret eden İran Dışişleri Bakanı Hüseyin Emir Abdullahiyan, Filistin İslami Cihad Hareketi Genel Sekreteri Ziyad en-Nahale, HAMAS'ın üst düzey yöneticilerinden Usame Hamdan ve Filistin Halk Kurtuluş Cephesi Genel Sekreter Yardımcısı Cemil Mazhar ile bir araya geldi.
Görüşmede Filistin ve Gazze'deki son gelişmeler ele alındı. Hüseyin Emir Abdullahiyan ayrıca, Hizbullah Hareketi Genel Sekreteri Seyyid Hasan Nasrullah ile Filistin, Lübnan ve bölgedeki gelişmeler hakkında bir görüşme gerçekleştirdi. (İLKHA)<|endoftext|>Engagement
Sono un fornitore, posso vendervi i miei prodotti?
Grazie dell'interesse dimostrato per diventare un potenziale fornitore per ASOS.
Abbiamo una strategia commerciale volta a procurare prodotti in linea con le esigenze di ASOS e al momento non abbiamo in programma di espandere la nostra rete di fornitori.
Qualora tu fossi un distributore, il nostro ufficio acquisti ha già una strategia consolidata per l'approvvigionamento dei prodotti e non stiamo cercando di espandere la nostra rete di contatti.<|endoftext|>这是一个在这个社区中少见的高质量的住宅，靠近Coal Tyee小学，Beban Park公园和Diver Lake湖，周围环境优雅。
房屋经过全面升级，维护得非常好。一共有个5卧室3洗手间，两套厨房。
楼上有3间卧室两个洗手间一套厨房，楼下有2间卧室一个洗手间一套厨房，为您提供灵活性和超凡的价值。
超高的弓形天花板显得屋内空间格外大，超大的窗户使屋内显得格外敞亮。
高品质的橡木地板，现代化灯具，空调系统，燃气壁炉，使整栋房屋物超所值。
下层设有宽敞的客房，厨房和宽敞的私人第二间卧室，非常适合来访的客人。
主层走到私密的水平的封闭的后院，后院朝南，阳光充足，后院背靠着森林，使其成为家庭聚会和大型聚会的理想场所。
欢迎前来咨询参观。
纳奈莫专业资深地产经纪：
梁晓： Julie Liang
电话：778 971 0588<|endoftext|>Disorders of the pancreas refer to illnesses affecting this gland. Pancreatitis is the most prominent and urgent malady, followed by pancreatic malignancy. Regardless of the cause, loss of the pancreas implies a significant increase in morbidity, which substantially decreases life expectancy and quality of life.
In this course, the student will be given a walkthrough of the most common disorders of the pancreas seen in clinical practice, as listed above.
For optimal comprehension, the student is required to have preliminary knowledge of the anatomy, histology, physiology, and pathology of the pancreas.
All of her lectures are clear and concise, and the cases allow us to come up with our own answer before she explains them.
Dr. Chuang explains management and treatment well and provides more detailed information in the Q&A which is helpful for understanding and solidifying the lesson.<|endoftext|>Güney Sudan'ın kuzeyindeki Batı Bahr el-Gazal eyaletinde "Rabb'in Direniş Ordusu'nun" kurduğu pusuda 3'ü gazeteci 13 kişinin hayatını kaybettiği bildirildi.
Güney Sudan ordusu sözcüsü Albay Philip Oqoir, Ugandalı isyancıların Raca Polis Şefi'nin konvoyuna pusu kurduğunu, olayda 3'ü gazeteci 13 kişinin yaşamını yitirdiğini belirtti.
Olayda yaralanan polis şefinin ise tedavi için hastaneye kaldırıldığını belirten Oqoir, "Olay son derece üzücü. Sivillerin ve gazetecilerin bulunduğu aracın pusuya düşmesi büyük şanssızlık" ifadesini kullandı.
Sabah saatlerinde Yukarı Nil Eyaleti'nde bir çarşıya düzenlenen saldırıdan da eski Güney Sudan Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcısı Riek Machar'ın liderliğini yaptığı isyancı hareketin sorumlu olduğunu belirten Oqoir, çarşıyı korumakla görevli müfrezenin olayın ardından kışlaya çekildiğini kaydetti.
ABD'nin terörist örgütler listesinde yer alan Rabbin Direniş Ordusu'nun, Uganda ve Güney Sudan'da 20 yılı aşkın süredir faaliyet gösterdiği, 2005 yılından bu yana Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti ve Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti'nde şiddet eylemleri düzenlediği biliniyor.
Güney Sudan Cumhurbaşkanı Salva Kiir Mayardit, 16 Aralık 2013'te yaptığı açıklamada, görevden aldığı yardımcısı Riek Machar'ın darbe teşebbüsünde bulunduğu öne sürmüştü. Bu gelişmenin ardından çok sayıda siyasi ve üst düzey askeri yetkili gözaltına alınmış, çıkan şiddet olayları nedeniyle olağanüstü hal ilan edilmişti.
Mayardit ve Machar, ilk defa mayıs ayında Etiyopya Başbakanı Hailemariam Desalegn'ın ara buluculuğunda bir araya gelmiş ve savaşın sonlandırılması için kapsamlı barış anlaşması imzalamıştı. Ancak anlaşma tarafların birbirlerini suçlaması sonucu kısa sürede bozulmuştu.
Etiyopya'nın başkenti Addis Ababa'da, 23 Ocak'tan bu yana IGAD ara buluculuğunda devam eden görüşmelerde, 10 Haziran'da da "Geçiş hükümeti" kurulmasını öngören bir "yol haritası" açıklanmış ancak hayata geçirilememişti. (AA)<|endoftext|>|SACE Stage||SACE Stage 2
|SACE Credits||20 credits
|Subject Length||2 semesters
|Contact Person||Ms. Felicia Harding
|Description||Through Scientific Studies, students develop their knowledge of scientific principles and concepts, the ability to use that knowledge to identify questions, issues, opportunities, and challenges, and the capacity to acquire new knowledge through their own investigations. Students develop the skills and abilities to explain scientific phenomena and to draw evidence-based conclusions from the investigation of science-related issues. In this way students improve their own scientific literacy to support future career pathways, including those that are science-related, and develop the ability to live and work as informed and reflective citizens in a world shaped increasingly by science and technology. Scientific Studies takes students’ experience of science out of the laboratory and into the real world. Students will learn to interpret and analyse the science of events commonly portrayed in the media, and develop valuable scientific literacy skills that reveal the evidence or bias behind topics such as global warming, organ donation and genetic engineering.
|Topics||Specific topics studied may vary depending on students’ areas of interest and current events reported in the media.
Topics will be selected that students have not previously studied in Stage One.
In one year, students must cover material from at least two broad themes, and a total of four topics. Example:
• Possible theme — the importance of science in contemporary Australia
• Possible sub-topics might include Climate change, Food technologies, Water conservation, Recycling
Students are expected to:
• identify and formulate questions, hypotheses, concepts, and purposes that guide scientific investigations
• design and conduct collaborative and individual scientific investigations
• use digital technology and numeracy skills to represent, analyse, interpret, and evaluate scientific investigations
• select and critically evaluate scientific evidence from different sources and present informed conclusions or personal views on social, ethical, and environmental issues
• communicate their knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts using scientific literacy skills
• demonstrate and apply scientific knowledge and understanding to a range of contexts and problems, in ways including providing alternative explanations and proposing solutions.
|Assessment||Students will be expected to provide evidence of their learning through eight to ten assessments, including the external assessment component as follows:
• Assessment Type 1: INQUIRY Folio (50%)
• Assessment Type 2: COLLABORATIVE inquiry (20%)
• Assessment Type 3: Individual Practical Investigation (30%).
• at least two practical investigations and at least one issues investigation for the folio
• at least two skills and applications tasks
• one externally assessed practical investigation.
At least one investigation or skills and applications task will involve collaborative work.
|Relationship To Further Study||Successful completion of Scientific Studies will provide students with critical thinking skills for life, and a deeper knowledge of the role science plays in many facets of their life. It can also be a tertiary pathway counting towards the ATAR with previous students continuing with further study into nursing, animal science, human movement, and education to name a few.
|Prerequisites||Students should have an interest in science-related topics that affect their lives, and are expected to have satisfactorily passed at least one semester of Stage 1 Science which may include Scientific Studies (Forensic Science) and have met the Stage 1 Numeracy and Literacy SACE requirements.
|Special Conditions||Students can be enrolled in only one Scientific Studies subject at the Stage 2 level. If a student is failing a Term 1 Science subject they may change enrolment into Scientific Studies if possible and may be strongly encouraged to do so if their SACE completion is At Risk. However, only one ‘Scientific Studies’ course can count towards a student’s SACE. For example, a student already enrolled in this course cannot convert
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52 | 6 | 2 |
اقتصاد کشور برای شرکتهای دانش بنیان است.
وی افزود: طبق آمار موجود ۷۲۴۵ شرکت دانش بنیان داریم که سهم شرکتهای دانش بنیان تا سال قبل در اقتصاد ملی کمتر از ۵ درصد بوده است و به منظور رسیدن به هدف گذاری مشخص شده راه طولانی را خواهیم داشت.
خالدی افزود: سهم دانش بنیان ها از صادرات کشور هم کمتر از ۲ درصد است. از بعد اشتغال نیز سهم دانش بنیان ها زیر یک درصد است. البته نباید از یاد برد که سهم اشتغال در تمام دنیا متعلق به شرکتهای بزرگ صنعتی است. فلذا با عنایت به آمار موجود نقش دانش بنیان ها در اقتصاد ملی مطلوب نمی باشد. یک راه اینست که دانش بنیان ها خودشان بزرگ شوند که البته این امر مطلوب نمی باشد و راه دیگر مشارکت با شرکتهای بزرگ دیگر است.
این مدرس دانشگاه افزود: از طرفی در فضای کسب و کار فناوری ها به سرعت درحال دگرگونی است. شرکتهای بزرگ هم از طرفی به این نتیجه رسیدند که باید به خلق نوآوری روی بیاورند. تعامل شرکتهای بزرگ با منابع مالی خوب با شرکتهای کوچک با نوآوری و خلاقیت اما با منابع کم، راه حل خوبی است که باید پیگیری شود.
وی در مورد مکمل بودن شرکتهای کوچک و بزرگ به صورت مشارکتی افزود: ضعف های شرکتهای دانش بنیان کوچک توانمندی های شرکتهای بزرگ صنعتی است و همینطور ریسک پذیری بالا و چابک بودن آنها بعنوان نقطه قوت شرکتهای کوچک است که از طرفی همین نقاط قوت بعنوان نقطه ضعف شرکتهای بزرگ بشمار می رود. پس با بررسی ۵۰۰ شرکت بزرگ در دنیا متوجه می شویم این شرکتهای بزرگ صنعتی با شرکتهای نوپا همکاری دارند. شرکتهای بزرگ صنعتی بزرگ ما باید سطح همکاری را با این شرکتهای کوچک توسعه بدهند.
دکتر آرمان خالدی اضافه کرد: نهاد های واسط و برنامه های دولت می تواند این شبکه و همکاری را به وجود بیاورد. با بررسی های متنوع برنامه های کشورهای مختلف از مدلهای خرید تضمینی نوآوری میتوان استفاده نمود. هزینه های انجام شده باید در خدمت رفع یک نیاز واقعی باشد. پس ترویج مدلهای کوچک و بزرگ و ایجاد چارچوب این همکاری ها اهمیت زیادی دارد. متاسفانه ما در کشور میزان همکاری شرکتهای بزرگ و کوچک را رصد نمی نماییم و تحلیل واقعی از شرایط واقعی نداریم.
این محقق حوزه دانش بنیانی افزود: بعضی از چالش های عدم تحقق این همکاری ها پیش از شروع همکاری است، بعضی از چالش ها پس از شروع همکاری است. بعنوان مثال مالکیت فکری یکی از مسائل پس از شروع همکاری است. با این وجود مهم ترین دلیل در عدم تحقق همکاری شرکتهای بزرگ صنعتی و شرکتهای دانش بنیان بی ثباتی مدیران است. در این بین تقارن اطلاعات و ضعف شرکتهای دانش بنیان نیز از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار می باشد.
دکتر خالدی افزود: ما باید شرکتهای بزرگ را برای ورود به این همکاری دعوت نماییم و ایجاد تعاملات بزرگ و کوچک خیلی مهم است. کاهش ریسک همکاری و ارتقای فرهنگ همکاری از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار می باشد.
وی ادامه داد: معمولاً مقیاس محصولات دانش بنیان ها در حد آزمایشگاهی است و یا به صورت کامل منطبق بر نیاز شرکت بزرگ نیست. حمایت دولت می تواند با اعطای گرنت های حمایتی به شرکتهای دانش بنیان و اعطای وام و طراحی جایزه نوآوری می تواند خیلی از مشکلات را حل کند. همینطور تدوین استاندارد های الزامی در صنایع کشور و اعطای معافیت های مالیاتی می تواند این مسئله را راهبری کند.
بنابر اعلام روابط عمومی مرکز پژوهش های توسعه و آینده نگری؛ خالدی در خاتمه تصریح کرد: تسهیل گری و آشنا کردن نیاز های شرکتهای بزرگ و شرکتهای دانش بنیان می تواند این دو قسمت را به هم نزدیک کند. ارائه نشست های فناوری نیز خیلی مهم است که شرکتهای بزرگ می توانند از این ارتباطات استفاده نمایند. البته باید فرهنگ همکاری را نیز شکل دهیم. بحث شراکت و همکاری را باید به لحاظ فرهنگی تغییر دهیم. گسترش تجربیات موفق همکاری و گسترش یک اقدام مشارکت موفق می تواند گاردها را نسبت به همکاری تغییر دهد.
منبع: javidsho.ir
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب<|endoftext|>在生活中的某个时刻，
该团队表示，去寻找藏在沙发垫下面的东西。
现在，射频抓取技术已经到位，该团队认为，机器人就能找到，“感知和选择是当今行业的两大障碍。”参与该项目的研究的副教授阿尔贝托阿尔伯托罗德里格斯说。麻省理工学院(MIT)的一组科学家就将触觉传感器与人工智能相结合，允许机器人通过触摸来识别物体。并通过转动你的头来确定声音的来源。就越依赖相机收集的信息来做出决定。只要物体上有射频标签，开发的机器人可以发现看不见的东西。
与典型的大学机器人项目不同，
当然，与只有视觉系统的机器人相比，开发射频抓地力最具挑战性的方面是将视觉和射频视觉融入决策过程。你把视觉和触觉结合起来，它依靠手腕上的摄像头和射频阅读器来捕捉物体。可以完成任务了。哪怕是藏在包装纸之类的东西后面。但它离物体越近，他们将当前系统与你对远处声音的反应进行比较，一段时间以来，但这并没有你想象的那么大的障碍。麻省理工学院(MIT)的另一组科学家取得了新的进展，它还具有清理和组织其工作空间的独特能力。早在2019年，由于其任务，<|endoftext|>Harm reduction among injecting drug users
Harm reduction is the application of good public health principles to the problem of HIV. It is a phrase used to describe a concept aiming to prevent or reduce negative health consequences associated with certain behaviours.
In relation to drug use, harm reduction is consistent with a pragmatic public health approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in which evidence-based HIV/AIDS strategies targeting drug users are promoted.
Injecting drug use is one of the fastest growing routes of HIV infection in many parts of the world, primarily because needles, syringes and drug preparation equipment are frequently shared, enabling rapid spread of the virus.
Programmes and activities
Documents and publications
A strategy to halt and reverse the HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs in Asia and the Pacific 2010-2015
Good Practice in Asia: Targeted HIV Prevention for Injecting Drug Users and Sex Workers - Viet Nam's first large-scale national harm reduction initiative
Assessment of Compulsory Treatment of People Who Use Drugs in Cambodia, China, Malaysia and Viet Nam: Application of Selected Human Rights Principles<|endoftext|>Committee on Foreign Relations: Secretary of State Colin Powell, in response to the U.S. Senate regarding UN & NATO said that "we need both Organozation, they complement each other".
From Hart Senate Office Building
April 29,03
ساختمانِ سنای آمريکا
پريچهر فرزام
در جلسه امروز کميته روابط خارجی مجلسِ سنای آمريکا، مطالب مهمّی که شامل توسعه و گسترش پيمان آتلانتيک شمالی ـ ناتو ـ با پذيرش هفت عضو جديد، روند آينده سياسی و امنيتی در عراق با گرفتاريهائی که در سرِ راه آن وجود دارد و همچنين حضور فعاّل ناتو در آينده در افغانستان و احتمالاً پس از آن در عراق، مطرح شد.
ساعت نُه ونيم بامداد امروز بوقت واشنگتن، جلسه ويژه کميته روابط خارجی مجلس سنای آمريکا برياست "ديک لوگار" سناتور جمهوريخواه از ايالت اينديانا تشکيل شد تا به مسئله توسعه پيمان آتلانتيک شمالی ـ ناتو ـ و روند حرکت آينده در عراق به گفتگو و تبادل نظر بپردازد. در اين جلسه، کولين پاول وزير امور خارجه آمريکا به ادای توضيحاتی در رابطه با مسائل مورد بحث پرداخت و سپس به پرسشهای سناتورها پاسخ گفت.
ابتدا سناتور لوگار رئيس کميته سخنانی ابراز داشت و گفت جلسه امروز، آغازی برای يک ماهِ پر فعاليتْ پيشِ روی کميته روابط خارجی سناست. فردا صبح، ما به توسعه پيمان آتلانتيک شمالی که شامل کشورهای بلغارستان، استوني، لتوني، ليتواني، روماني، اسلواکی و اسلوانی است، راًی خواهيم داد.
من اطمينان دارم که مجلس سنا، پروتکل ورود هفت کشور اروپای شرقی را که نامزد عضويت در ائتلاف پيمان آتلانتيک شمالی هستند؛ قبل از سفر پرزيدنت بوش به اروپا که در اواخر بهار سال جاری صورت ميگيرد، تصويب خواهد کرد.
با توجّه به اينکه کميته روابط خارجی فردا در باره مسئله توسعه ناتو اخذ راًی خواهد کرد، ما مجدداً ضرورت و مفيد بودن روابط و همبستگی خود را با اين اتحاديه تاًييد ميکنيم. و امّا در مورد عراق، ما احتمالاً نزديک به شروع کار در عراق هستيم.
سناتور لوگار خاطر نشان کرد کميته روابط خارجی مجلس سنا بويژه علاقمند است از نظرات دولت در باره خّط مشی دراز مدّت آن در مورد عراق آگاه شود.
وی گفت نيروهای نظامی و گروه بازسازی ما در عراق با گرفتاريهای فراوانی در اين کشور روبرو هستند.
چالش ها شامل نضج گرفتن اکثريت شيعه، نفوذ ماًمورين حکومت ايران در عراق، بيانيه ها و اطلاعيه های يکجانبه ی در دست داشتن قدرت از سوی افراد و گروههای گوناگون عراقي، وجود تهديد به عمليات تروريستي، برقراری خدمات آبرسانی و برق رسانی در عراق، ايمن داشتن اشياء تاريخی و عتيقه در اين کشور، تاًسيس نيروی حفاظتی پليس برای حفظ صلح، توزيعِ منصفانه و عادلانه مواد غذائی و بهداشتی و يافتن جنگ افزارهای نابودی همگانی است. مسئله حضور نيروی ائتلاف پيمان آتلانتيک شمالی ـ ناتو ـ در افغانستان و احتمالاً پس از آن در عراق از مطالب مهّم مورد بحث بود.<|endoftext|>فردوسی دهقان و دهقان زاده بود. او آغاز زندگی را در روزگار سامانیان و هم زمان با جنبش استقلال خواهی و هویت طلبی در میان ایرانیان سپری کرد. شاهان سامانی با پشتیبانی از زبان فارسی، عصری درخشان را برای پرورش زبان و اندیشهٔ ایرانی آماده ساختند و فردوسی در هنر سخنوری آشکارا …این کتاب را نشرداریوش منتشر کرده و توسط هافکو به فروش می رسد.<|endoftext|>پیشنهادات ذیل جهت کلیه افراد دارای پیشینه مهاجرتی می باشد، که تمایل به فراگیری زبان آلمانی داشته و یا می خواهند دانش زبان خود را بهبود بخشند. علاوه بر آن امکان شرکت در دوره های زبان تخصصی به منظور ورود (ورود مجدد) جهت تسهیل ورود به دنیای کار وجود دارد.<|endoftext|>Name______________________________ Prism 6/7/8 grade Language Arts Summer Reading
The Kite Rider
Throughout summer vacation, read your required novel and complete this assignment, which is intended to
guide your reading and focus your thoughts. This assignment will be due in your Language Arts class on the
first day of school.
Key Characters: Name the three (3) most important characters in your novel, describe each character using
two (2) adjectives (none of which describes a physical trait), and provide two (2) concrete details (quotations
and page numbers) to support your choices.
Name Adjectives Concrete Details with page #
Conflict: Often, characters in literature face conflict that is central to the story as a whole. An internal conflict
occurs when a character struggles within herself or himself. Often this internal conflict leads to a change
in the character. He or she might be pulled by opposing desires, influences, duties, or other significant forces.
For example, the opposing forces of a character’s desire for freedom versus a sense of obligation to family
might cause that character to be in conflict. An external conflict exists outside of the character. For
example, a character who attempts to climb Mt. Everest may come in conflict with the forces of nature.
Choose a character from your novel who you think faces an internal or external conflict. Then, on the
left side of the chart, identify one of the forces pulling that character, and on the right side of the chart,
identify the opposing force.
Name of Character:
Type of Force (Internal Type of Opposing Force
or External): (Internal or External):
Concrete Details: Select Commentary: Briefly Concrete Details: Select Commentary: Briefly
2 quotations you think explain why you chose 2 quotations you think explain why you chose
illustrate or explain this each quotation and its illustrate or explain this each quotation and its
side of the conflict. connection to the conflict. side of the conflict. connection to the conflict.
Characterization: In a paragraph, explain how one character has changed by the end of the novel.
Provide one concrete detail from the beginning of the novel and one from the end of the novel to support
your explanation, embedding those concrete details in your response. Also include a concrete detail that
suggests why the change may have occurred.
Theme: A theme is an author’s implied message to the reader. A theme will not be stated directly; instead, a
reader must infer the theme through what occurs in the novel. A theme is not the same as a theme topic, which
can usually be expressed in a word or two such as “love,” “childhood,” or “death.” The theme is an opinion the
writer wishes to express about that topic. It can be expressed in at least one complete sentence that contains
both the theme topic and the opinion about that topic. For example, the theme topic of a novel might be love,
but the theme might be stated as “Love is more powerful than family loyalty.” In order to identify a theme in a
novel, the reader has to think about all the elements of the work and use them to make an inference - or
educated guess - based on details from the novel, concerning what the author is suggesting through the text
about the topic.
Examples of Some Theme Topics
Adaptability Games/contests/sports Persistence/perseverance
Adventure Gratitude Poverty
Ambition Greed Prejudice
Chance/fate/luck Growing up Pride
Childhood Guilt Privacy
Children Hate Race relations
Compassion Heart vs. reason Reality
Confidence Heaven/paradise/utopia/ Religion
Consideration Home Resistance/rebellion
Courage Hope Respect
Courage/cowardice Identity Responsibility
Cruelty/violence Illusion/innocence Revenge/retribution
Curiosity Independence Ritual/ceremony
Custom/tradition Initiation Scapegoat/victim
Death Friendship Initiative Search for identity
Defeat/failure Instinct Self-actualization
Despair/discontent/disillusionment Integrity Self-discipline
Diligence Journey (psychological or Self-improvement
Dreams/fantasies literal) Service
Duty Justice Social Status
Education/school Law/justice Success
Endurance Loneliness/aloneness Supernatural
Equality Love Teamwork
Escape Loyalty Time/eternity
Exile Materialism Tricks
Faith/loss of faith Maturity/maturation Truth
Family/parenthood/commitment Memory/past Unhappiness
Fear Music/dance Violence
Free will/will power Nature War
Freedom Patience Wealth
Identifying a Theme: Select a significant topic that is addressed in the novel. (See previous page for ideas)
Provide 3 quotations that support your theme.
Quotations Commentary to explain how your quote reveals the theme
Page Number: ______
Page Number: ______
Page Number: ______
A symbol is a person, place, thing or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well. For example, a
scale has a real existence as an instrument for measuring weights, but it is also used to symbolically represent justice.
Identify two symbols from the text and explain their symbolism.
Questions: Write down three questions you have about the novel that could be answered by taking a closer look at the
book or having a discussion.<|endoftext|>DEMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FOR SMALL HUMAN POPULATIONS: AN EXAMINATION OF SEVERAL COMMUNITIES FROM EARLY CONNECTICUT, 1633-1849
Date of Completion
The potential of demographic research within the field of anthropology is just beginning to be realized. The application of classical demographic models will further anthropological understanding of evolutionary change at the population level. The main emphasis of this dissertation was to examine the applicability of several demographic methods to the study of small human populations. Four diversified settlements of early Connecticut were chosen as research areas. This pre-1850 analysis focused on the towns of Windsor, Litchfield, Mansfield, and New London. The research strategy also observed the relationship between historical and biological change in a community.^ Population size, density, and change were shown to be useful demographic measures. New London registered the highest growth rate, largest population density, and lowest dependency ratio.^ Fertility trends were measured through both vital and census records. Vital records yielded birth totals that were fairly accurate before 1820, and very underregistered after then. Crude and refined rates based on vital data were inaccurate due to underregistration. Fertility rates based on census records were very useful, and showed that fertility had declined during the first half of the nineteenth century. Early Connecticut's peak birth season was February to April, and consistent for the four towns. The adverse effect of summer heat on infants and the agriculturalist's yearly work cycle seem related to this pattern.^ Marriage results were also drawn from vital records. Registration was very poor prior to 1821, but due to new registration laws, fairly accurate after then. Litchfield had the most marriages, and coupled with its low fertility, had the smallest mean family sizes. Marriage age was found to be consistent between the four towns, but somewhat higher for the male population. Marriage distances were similar for the towns, especially considering the differences in outside contact. Marriages were highest in October through December, probably resulting from harvest and Christian holiday celebrations.^ Mortality data were derived from both vital records and gravestones. Gravestones were found to be the most reliable indicator of past mortality, especially in the very young populations. August through September was the highest period of mortality, probably relating to the influence of gastrointestinal illnesses killing proportionately more people during these months.^ Several indices were used to measure the biological conditions of the four towns. Reproductive potential and biological state were lowest in New London. Mansfield had the lowest depletion of potential fertility. Selection intensity was highest in New London, and lowest in Windsor and Litchfield. An inverse relationship was noted for the indices of biological state and selection intensity. Index
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و شهرک ها هدف گذاری شده که امروز عملیات اجرایی ۱۰۰ هزار واحد در شهرهای جدید شروع شده و ۱۰۰ هزار واحد دیگر که پیش از این آغاز شده بود در مرحله فوندانسیون و آماده سازی است و به زودی عملیات اجرایی ۱۰۰ هزار واحد سوم هم شروع می شود.
به گفتهوزیر راه وشهرسازی، تقریبا با اکثر وزارت خانه ها توافق نامه امضا کرده ایم که از اراضی خود برای ساخت مسکن کارمندانی خود استفاده کرده و طبق دستور رئیس جمهور باید وزارت خانه ها در این بخش همکاری کنند.
قاسمی درباره آخرین وضعیت سامانه املاک و اسکان هم گفت: این سامانه هنوز تکمیل نشده و شب گذشته با حضور رئیس جمهور تصمیم های خوبی گرفته شد. تاکنون ۵۶۰ هزار واحد خالی را با بررسی سازمان امور مالیاتی شناسایی کرده ایم که از این تعداد ۶۰ هزار نفر اعتراض کرده اند که در حال بررسی است اما برای سایر متقاضیان قبض جریمه صادر می شود .<|endoftext|>ero li ieri sera fantastica la carne con potas che ho ordinato, ingredienti freschi, carne tenera e gustosa, non andateci se cercate hamburger e patatine, e' un ristorante cubano
ero li ieri sera fantastica la carne con potas che ho ordinato, ingredienti freschi, carne tenera e gustosa, non andateci se cercate hamburger e patatine, e' un ristorante cubano
Il peggiore posto mai visitato al mondo !!! Dopo 4 giorni siamo stati costretti a tornare in Messico !! Paese ospitale dove non cercano di fregarti ogni 3 minuti e con tutti i servizi per i turisti e soprattutto con un livello di Igiene discreto...Più
Bevande e app deliziose. Un luogo accogliente e divertente per rilassarsi alla fine di una giornata impegnativa. Ottima atmosfera di notte.
Se vuoi un vero cibo cubano in un bel locale, questo è il tuo posto. È qui da un po 'e sanno come preparare un ottimo cibo cubano. Le bevande sono buone anche in posti a sedere al coperto piacevole per piccole / grandi feste.
Amato quando erano un ristorante completo su Race Street, quindi ero così felice di trovarli in SoFa Market. Il cibo è ancora delizioso anche se l'interazione cameriere / cameriera è finita, ma immagino che sia un segno dei tempi. Ho ordinato la Ropa Vieja con...riso, fagioli neri e piantaggine. Il mio amico ha ordinato il ceviche con tostones e riso. Eravamo così pieni ma abbiamo finito i nostri piatti, è buono!Più
Habana Cuba è accanto a una serie di altri ristoranti nella stessa posizione su South First Street. La prima volta per il cibo cubano per me e ho scelto Lechon - maiale marinato cubano, che è venuto su un vassoio di plastica con il maiale...in un quarto, riso a metà del piatto, e l'altro quarto aveva un liquido nero con piccoli pezzetti di mezzo pisello in esso. Il cibo era buono. Il ristorante è attivo, e il salotto è ad alto tavolo / panche con sedie tipo di sgabello.Più
Siamo venuti qui per la prima volta per pranzo. Ho avuto una aranciata e il sandwich di lechon con cipolle grigliate. Il panino era buono, ma era un po 'asciutto.
Il ristorante sta chiudendo questo mese, ma il cibo è ancora il migliore per Cuban intorno a quest'area. Il Lechon è meglio di tutto ciò che abbiamo avuto in Florida. Fermati nei prossimi giorni se ne hai la possibilità. Stanno aprendo presto uno stand nel...mercato del SOFA.Più
Me ( cubano nato, vissuto a Cuba fino al 2010 ) e mio marito, British visitato questo grazioso ristorante oggi. Chi dice che questo ristorante non offre cibo cubano originale è sdraiato. Il cibo è genuino e molto fresca, io sono una persona molto esigente...e viaggio molto quindi non colpire intorno ai cespugli di dire se il servizio è buono o cattivo. Si tratta di un ristorante cubano adeguato. Cinque stelle. La cameriera Arali, cubani, è molto gentile e professionale. Ho avuto Vieja Ropa, plantano fritte, fagioli neri zuppa e riso. Deliziosa! ! Consiglio vivamente questo posto a chiunque sia interessato a provare il cibo cubano. Ben fatto! ! ! Cinque stelle . Yetzy e Marco.Più
Il nostro gruppo di 4 persone condiviso il piatto di antipasti stile combinazione e la carne piatto di combinazione per 3 persone. Ci sono un sacco di cibo delizioso era apprezzato da tutti a cena e poi gli avanzi per il giorno successivo. I Mojito...erano a prezzi ragionevoli. Consiglio su prenotazione per un sabato notte come il mio partito e io siamo seduti al tavolo l'ultima disponibile intorno alle 19.00 .Più
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The concept of party politics dated back to the early 1930s, but its impact was generally insignificant, having been overshadowed by the military-bureaucratic elite. The struggle for power was nearly always settled by coup, and the pluralistic demands of the society were accommodated through either bureaucratic channels or patron-client connections. For decades political parties had an uncertain status. When they existed, they did so at the sufferance of generals, who abolished or revived them at will. Parties were unable to maintain continuity, nor could they develop a mass base. Part of the problem was the bad image of partisan politics, which the politicians brought on themselves through their unscrupulous pursuit of self-interest.
Party politics received a major impetus from the student uprising of October 1973. Forty-two parties participated in the 1975 parliamentary election, and thirty-nine participated the following year. The freewheeling partisan politics during the so-called democratic period of 1973-76 ended in the coup of October 1976. Kriangsak, the army commander in chief, appointed a civilian-led government, but the Thanin Kraivichien regime turned out to be overly repressive and was overthrown in 1977. Assuming the office of prime minister himself, Kriangsak permitted the resumption of party politics banned by Thanin. Of the 39 parties that took part in the April 1979 election, 7 parties captured about 70 percent of the 301 contested seats.
As a result of the confusion stemming from the proliferation of minor parties, a new political parties act was passed in July 1981. The act, which became effective in 1983, specified that to participate in an election, a party must have a minimum of 5,000 members spread throughout the country's four geographical regions. In each region, at least five provinces must have members, the minimum per province being fifty. The membership requirement was designed to foster the development of mass-based parties catering to broad national interests rather than narrow, sectional interests. Another provision of the act stipulated that a party must put up candidates for at least half the total lower house seats, or 174 seats. As a result, in the 1983 and 1986 elections, the number of participating parties was reduced to fourteen and sixteen, respectively. In order to satisfy the legal requirements, some parties fielded candidates recruited from among recent college graduates.
In the 1980s, the country's multiparty system continued to suffer from traditional long-standing problems. These included organizational frailty and lack of discipline, endemic factionalism, the emphasis on personalities over issues, and the politicians' penchant for vote-buying and influence-peddling. Parties were formed, as before, by well-known or wealthy individuals to promote their own personal, familial, parochial, or regional interests. Observers expressed concern that failure to improve the party system could result in a return to authoritarian military rule.
The perception that political parties and politicians were unworthy of trust was widespread in 1987. However, a coup was ruled out by Chaovalit, the new army commander in chief, even though he publicly castigated politicians as venal and hypocritical. In February he asserted that political parties, the Constitution, and elections alone would not make for a genuine democracy in Thailand, where, he argued, the party system and elections were controlled by a wealthy few who used the trappings of democracy for their own benefit. Appearing before a parliamentary committee in April 1987, Chaovalit maintained that to build a real Thai-style democracy with the king as head of state, the ever-widening income disparity must be narrowed first and that at the same time political parties and all government entities including the military "must join hands and walk ahead together."
The major Thai parties, which Chaovalit had criticized, were mostly right-of-center. Their numerical representation in the House of Representatives varied considerably from one election to another. Of the four ruling coalition parties in 1987, the Democrat Party was considered to be somewhat liberal, despite its beginning in 1946 as a conservative, monarchist party. Seni Pramoj, prime minister in 1946 and again in 1976, led the party from its inception until 1979. In 1974 the party suffered major fragmentation and lost some key figures, including Kukrit, Seni's brother, who formed the Social Action Party that year. In the 1979 election, the Democrats suffered a major setback but rebounded in 1983. Over the years, this party consistently opposed military involvement in politics and actively sought to broaden its base of support across all social segments and geographical regions. In recent years, particularly after July 1986, the Democrats were racked by internal strife. Their leader Bhichai Rattakul, deputy prime minister in Prem's coalition, was reconfirmed in a factional showdown in January 1987. Afterward, retired Lieutenant Colonel Sanan Khachornprasart was named secretary general, in place of Veera Musikapong, whose faction had been backed by wealthy Bangkok businessman Chalermphan Srivikorn.
The Chart Thai Party, sometimes called the "generals' party," was founded in 1974 by a group of retired generals and was led until July 1986 by Pramarn Adireksan, retired major general and former president of the Association of Thai Industries and the Thai Textile Association. Aggressively anticommunist, Chart Thai was backed by a number of prominent industrialists. After the July 1986 election, it was led by retired General Chatichai Choonhaven, whose relationship with Prem was friendly.
The Social Action Party, a 1974 offshoot of the Democrat Party, was led by Thai statesman Kukrit Pramoj until he stepped down in December 1985. The party was led thereafter by the former deputy party leader and minister of foreign affairs, Siddhi Savetsila, a retired air chief marshal. More than any other party, the Social Action Party was identified with a free enterprise economy. In the 1986 election, the party suffered a severe loss, brought on in no small part by its own internal strife. In May 1986, a splinter faction led by seventy-four-year- old Boontheng Thongsawasdi formed the United Democracy Party with financial support from big business--amid a spate of rumors that General Arthit was also among the party's behind-the scenes backers. In the July 1986 election and afterward, the United Democracy Party was outspokenly critical of the Prem administration.
The Rassadorn Party, the fourth member of the ruling coalition, was formed only a few months before the July 1986 election; until May 1986 it was known as the National Union (Sahachat) Party. Its leader was Thienchai Sirisamphan, retired deputy army commander in chief. Rassadorn came to be known as a pak taharn (military party) because its key party posts were held by retired generals. Its entry into partisan politics was welcomed by many for providing a constructive channel for military involvement in parliamentary government.
The exclusion of the United Democracy Party from the fifth coalition government was predictable in light of its anti-Prem stance. However, it probably came as a surprise to Samak Sundaravej, leader of the Prachakorn Thai Party formed in 1978, that his right-wing and monarchist group was not invited to join the coalition. Before the election, master orator Samak stated that the new postelection government should continue its strong military ties and should once again be led by outgoing Prem. In so doing, he rejected the suggestion that Kukrit Pramoj, who had retired from party politics altogether in May 1986, should head the new postelection regime.
The Ruam Thai Party and the Community Action Party, both formed in 1986, were also among the seven parties supporting Prem for continued premiership; but they, too, were left out of the coalition. The leader of the Ruam Thai Party, Narong Wongwan, was a former member of the Social Action Party and outgoing minister of agriculture and cooperatives. The Community Action Party was led by its founder Boonchu Rojanasathien, one-time deputy prime minister in charge of economic affairs, ex-deputy leader of the Social Action Party, and former president of the Bangkok Bank.
The remaining seven parties with one or more elected House of Representatives members formed the "Group of Nineteen," so named because of their combined total of nineteen members. These parties agreed in August 1986 to join with other noncoalition parties to form a united front in an attempt to ensure efficient and systematic monitoring of the government. In a crucial showdown over a no-confidence motion against the Prem government in April 1987, however, the opposition bloc suffered a major political embarrassment because of the last-minute defection from the censure debate by fifteen of its members. Boonchu, chief strategist of the five-member opposition leadership team, expelled five members from his Community Action Party for their action.
|Country Studies main page | Thailand Country Studies main page | Celebrity|<|endoftext|>Cars that drive themselves can become reality within ten years
A new EU project SARTRE is being launched to develop and test technology for vehicles that can drive themselves in long road trains on motorways. This technology has the potential to improve traffic flow and journey times, offer greater comfort to drivers, reduce accidents, and improve fuel consumption and hence lower CO2 emissions.
Just imagine leaving home in the morning and, just after joining the motorway, meeting up with a number of other cars which inch up to each other, travelling at normal speed in a close-formation convoy. After a few minutes you can let go of the steering wheel and spend your time reading the morning paper, talking on the phone or watching the TV, while your car drives itself in complete safety and also saving fuel! A vision of a motoring Utopia?
Not if you believe today's researchers who suggest that road trains can become reality within a decade.
The automotive industry has long been focused on the development of active safety systems that operate preventively, such as traction control and braking assistance programs. But automakers have also gone much further in proposing technology that allows vehicles to be operated without any input whatsoever from the person behind the wheel. Known as autonomous driving, this technology means that the vehicles is able to take control over acceleration, braking and steering, and can be used as part of a road train of similarly controlled vehicles.
The first test cars equipped with this technology will roll on test tracks as early as 2011. The vehicles will be equipped with a navigation system and a transmitter/receiver unit that communicates with a lead vehicle. Since the system is built into the cars, there is no need to extend the infrastructure along the existing road network.
The idea is that each road train or platoon will have a lead vehicle that drives exactly as normal, with full control of all the various functions. This lead vehicle is driven by an experienced driver who is thoroughly familiar with the route. For instance, the lead may be taken by a taxi, a bus or a truck. Each such road train will consist of six to eight vehicles.
A driver approaching his destination takes over control of his own vehicle, leaves the convoy by exiting off to the side and then continues on his own to his destination. The other vehicles in the road train close the gap and continue on their way until the convoy splits up.
The advantage of such road trains is that all the other drivers in the convoy have time to get on with other business while on the road, for instance when driving to or from work. The road trains increase safety and reduce environmental impact thanks to lower fuel consumption compared with cars being driven individually. The reason is that the cars in the train are close to each other, exploiting the resultant lower air drag. The energy saving is expected to be in the region of 20 per cent. Road capacity will also be able to be utilised more efficiently.
"The SARTRE project brings together a unique mix of technologies, skills and expertise from European industry and academia, with the aim of encouraging the development of safe and environmentally effective road trains," explains Tom Robinson, SARTRE project coordinator, of Ricardo UK Ltd. "By developing and implementing the technology at a vehicle level, SARTRE aims to realise the potentially very significant safety and environmental benefits of road trains without the need to invest in changes to road infrastructure."
"I do appreciate that many people feel this sounds like Utopia", says Erik Coelingh, technical director of Active Safety Functions at Volvo Cars. However, this type of autonomous driving actually doesn't require any hocus-pocus technology, and no investment in infrastructure. Instead, the emphasis is on development and on adapting technology that is already in existence. In addition, we must carry out comprehensive testing to verify our high demands on safety."
Researchers see road trains primarily as a major benefit to commuters who cover long distances by motorway every day, but they will also be of potential benefit to trucks, buses, coaches vans and other commercial vehicle types.
As the participants meet, each vehicle's navigation system is used to join the convoy, where the autonomous driving program then takes over. As the road train approaches its final destination, the various participants can each disconnect from the convoy and continue to drive as usual to their individual destinations.
NOTES TO EDITORS
About the SARTRE project: The SARTRE project stands for Safe Road Trains for the Environment. Part-funded by the European Commission under the Framework 7 programme, SARTRE will be led by Ricardo UK Ltd and will comprise a collaboration between the following additional participating companies: Idiada and Robotiker-Tecnalia of Spain, Institut für Kraftfahrwesen Aachen (IKA) of Germany, and SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Technology of Sweden.
SARTRE aims to encourage a
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۱۰ روز قبل به زندان منتقل شدند و روز پنجم مهر ماه هم سه نویسنده و عضو کانون نویسندگان صرفا به دلیل نوشتن به زندان منتقل شدند. رییسی مدعی شده متهمان سیاسی و یا به قول ایشان متهمان امنیتی که بیش از ۵ سال محکومیت دارند، شامل این رافت نمیشوند، با این حال "شبنم نعمتزاده"، متهم مالی که به ۲۰ سال حبس محکوم شده و یا "حسین فریدون"، برادر رییسجمهور، که به علت جرایم مالی به شش سال زندان محکوم شده است و یا "مهدی هاشمی"، اینها بلافاصله به دلیل شیوع کرونا به مرخصی آمدند، در حالی که همه آنها بیش از پنج سال محکومیت دارند.
اعدام_اندیشه
شمار قربانیان ویروس کرونا در دنیا از یک میلیون نفر فراتر رفتدرحالیکه قربانیان این ویروس در حال افزایش است، یورونیوز بررسی کرده است که تاکنون کدام کشورها بیشترین قربانیان را در سراسر جهان داشتهاند. بیشتر بخوانید🔽 منظورتون از دولت ترامپ گروهک تروریستی ترامپ است دیگر terrorist_tramp
شمار مبتلایان به کرونا در افغانستان به 39 هزار و 227 نفر رسید
نیمی از مردم جهان از اینترنت بیبهرهاندشیوع ویروس کرونا توجه جهانی را به استفاده از اینترنت صدچندان کرد و گرچه ویروس کرونا منجر به پدیدار شدن ضعف زیرساختهای شبکه مجازی در کشورهای مختلف از جمله کشورهای پیشرفته جهان شد، اما یکی از نتایجی که به واسطه شیوع کرونا به دست آمد این بود که حدود نیمی از مردم جهان اصلاً به شبکه اینترنت متصل نیستند. خوشا به حالشون ، چقدر راحتند .
جمهوری آذربایجان و ارمنستان روی خط آتش- اخبار ترکیه و اوراسیا - اخبار بین الملل تسنیم - Tasnimویترین_تسنیم | مهمترین اخبار سیاسی و بینالملل | یکشنبه ۶ مهر ۹۹ قرهباغ؛ روی خط آتش اگر ترامپ نتیجه انتخابات را نپذیرد چه میشود؟ عیوضلو: روحانی ۷ سال پیش هم طرحی برای اقتصاد نداشت
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شمار قربانیان کرونا در استرالیا به 875 نفر رسید<|endoftext|>主要用途：
本产物重要适用于质料、半成品、制品的风选分级。
主要特点：
主动上料、一连功课，变频无级调风，实用性强，效力下，乐音小，相符GMP要求。
重要道理：
风机发生的气流经立式风管底部自下而上匀速进入风选箱，物料经运送机、振动器落入风管时被气流动员，重物间接由风管底部排挤，轻物被带进风箱停止分级后排出。
重要技术参数：
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柔性支承斜面挑选机<|endoftext|>1944年9月，抗日战争进入局部反攻。本章未完，点击下一页继续阅读
冀中区党委决定，在文安、静海、大城、武清、安次、永清、霸县七个县的结合部，建立中共武清县工作委员会，开辟武清县地区。
随着开辟地区的扩大，中共武宝宋工委，在宝坻县尔王庄开会，把所辖区划为八个。
同时，中共冀热边特委发出《关于进行减租运动的决定》，广泛发动群众，实行二五减租，普遍建立农民组织，巩固现有的农会，加强农村支部领导。
10月，遵照党中央扩大解放区，缩小敌占区的指示精神，冀中区党委决定，把津南沦陷区变为解放区，建立中共津南县工作委员会。
而蚂蚁情报小组给当津南支队每一个中队，都提供了一本日本宪兵队特高课的证件，让津南支队可以自由活动在津浦铁路东侧，专门打击汉奸，截获敌军用物资。
津南支队的行动，令日伪当局生畏，称他们为“黑袭队”。
不管日伪当局如何拦截，如何布置，都摸不到“黑袭队”的线索。
1944年11月10日，南京的汪逆在日本名古屋帝大医院病死。
消息传来，“举国”震惊。
当然，晚上路承周与马玉珍，则好好的庆祝了一顿，汪逆之死，说明南京政府很快就要倒台。
路承周拿出一瓶珍藏的红葡萄酒，在桌子中间点上一根蜡烛，举起酒杯，微笑着说：“干杯，庆祝即将到来的胜利。”
作为潜伏在敌营十几年老地工，路承周对日伪的情况很清楚。
从最近日伪当局的表现来看，日军似乎到了难以为继的地步。
他们在太平洋战场遭到了惨败，德国进攻苏联时，损失了上百万人，这一切都预示着，轴心国同盟很快就要完蛋了。
马玉珍举起杯，跟路承周碰了碰，微笑着说：“希望这一天早点到来。”
路承周抿了口嘴，缓缓地说：“这一天不会太久，但是，我们也要防备日军最后的疯狂反扑。”
马玉珍点了点头，说：“我听说，日军勒令海沽日商几家大纺织公司，拆除设备献铜献铁，像裕丰、上海、公大六厂部分停产。”
日军为了获取物资，已经到了饮鸩解渴的地步。
路承周默默听着，他已经知道了此事。
路承周缓缓地说：“日军已经到了强弩之末，我们一定要保持警惕，目前我们的职责，除了配合各级党委的工作外，还要尽全力保护好他们。”
马玉珍认真地听着路承周的话，各级党委在海沽活动频繁，如果没有路承周的话，他们很难会这么快进入工作状态。
要知道，海沽特务机关非常多，就算有蚂蚁情报小组的掩护，也未必不会出错。
马玉珍突然问：“我听到一个消息，你的职务又要调动，是吗？”
身为沽沽月刊的记者，马玉珍的消息很灵通。
有些消息，她甚至比路承周知道的还要早。
路承周微微颌首，此事还没完全定下来，他自然也就没跟马玉珍说起。
... -->><|endoftext|>该剧改编自雪灵之的人气小说《殇璃》，讲述了美璃与素莹共同纠缠于靖轩，三人上演了一场爱恨纠葛的痴情故事。因为一场误会而结识了靖轩，两人虽不知彼此真实身份，却已一见钟情，一个偶然的机会，当两人再度重逢，深情互许，美璃与靖轩两情相悦，彼此深爱。<|endoftext|>تورنتو- دولت فدرال فردا، 8 ماه مه 2019، سیستم اعلام وضعیت اضطراری با تلفن همراه را در سراسر کشور آزمایش خواهد کرد. اما دولت های انتاریو و کبک رسما انصراف خود از شرکت در این پروژه آزمایشی را به اطلاع وزارت امنیت عمومی کانادا رسانده اند.
مقامات کبک و انتاریو ادعا می کنند مایل نیستند با پخش هشدار وضعیت اضطراری شهروندانی که هنوز با پیامدهای جاری شدن سیل ویرانگر اخیر در انتاریو و کبک دست بگریبان هستند را مضطرب و نگران نمایند.
هشدار آزمایشی (به جز کبک و انتاریو) در ساعت 1 و 55 دقیقه بعد از ظهر 8 مه در استان های آلبرتا، بریتیش کلمبیا، مانیتوبا، حوزه شمال غرب، نووا اسکوشیا، نوناووت، ساسکاچوان و یوکان؛ ساعت 10 و 55 دقیقه صبح در نیوبرانزویک و نیوفاندلند و ساعت 10 و 25 دقیقه صبح در لابرادور، از تلویزیون، رادیو و تلفن همراه پخش می شود. سیستم در جزیره پرینس ادوارد ساعت 12 و 55 دقیقه بعد از ظهر آزمایش خواهد شد.<|endoftext|>The new joint Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) and the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) standards, now recognized as the Educational Leadership Constituent Council (ELCC) standards, are at your fingertips, ready to be applied by principals as well as administrator preparation programmes.
This is first book to make the connection between the new standards and the principal's leadership role in creating and sustaining a school's culture and values. Its simple, consistent format includes:
- Meeting the standards for the learning community
- Creating, developing, and implementing school vision and culture
- Organizing learning community resources
- Establishing collaborative partnerships within the school community
- Dealing with the dilemmas, politics, and professional development in school communities
- Transforming the learning community
In addition to a thorough discussion of the new standards, each chapter includes easy-to-use learning tools that include "Activities for Professional Development" and reflective questions to help individuals, groups, or classes get the most from the book's practical, insightful, and easy-to-read format. Principal Leadership is a must-read for current and future school leaders who recognize the increasing complexity of the principal's role in our ever-changing, complicated world.<|endoftext|>（吉辇30日讯）1名23岁巫裔女子在家人向警方报案失踪后的隔天，浮尸在瓜拉古楼河。
这名女子生前有健康状况，患有忧郁症、甲状腺和气喘。她的父亲在10月27日报案，她的遗体在隔天（28日）下午时段，被瓜拉古楼海事执法机构队员发现漂浮在海事执法机构船基地的水面。
霹雳总警长拿督斯里莫哈末尤斯里发文告说，瓜拉古楼警察局于10月27日上午10时54分，接获一名男子报案，指他23岁拥有上述状况的女儿离家后失踪，警方随后开档调查。
他说，隔天的10月28日下午4时45分，瓜拉古楼海事执法机构通知警方在上述地点的水面发现一具女尸。警方马上前往调查，并把该具遗体移至甘榜拉惹峇沙码头，接著于下午6时45分，召来投报女儿失踪的巫裔男子确认女尸身分，最后他确认是其失踪的女儿。
他说，该具女尸在送往巴里文打医院后，于29日上午9时解剖，解剖报告显示尸体腐烂，死因不明。
他说，警方已采集一些样本，并已送往怡保化验局，而现阶段警方暂把此命案列为猝死案调查。
他促请公众不要做出任何可能扰乱调查的猜测，以保护死者家人的感受。民众若有任何有关此命案的资料，可联络附近的警局或致电吉辇警区行动室，电话：05-7212222。
来源：中国报<|endoftext|>On a walk a few days ago my dog Jess didn’t coming back when we called her. After a quick scan of the woods around us we saw her nosing around with great interest. We thought it was deer scat or something like that which isn’t really good for her. When I went to retrieve her I realized that she had been licking the marrow out of a massive deer antler! I took it back to the path to show it to my mum and brother. We could all see that this was a fallow deer antler. We took it back to our house to clean the antler up. We then saw that small forest animals (or Jess) had chewed the end (shown in picture below) possibly to get to the marrow in side.
After some research I found out that the Fallow deer is the only species in Britain with palmate antlers (so called because of the flat palm like bit at the top of the antler). Also the deer’s antlers at full size have an average length of 70 cm. This one measured 37 cm so I am guessing it was a teenage buck about 4 years old. I also found out that new antlers form every year and bucks (the name given to Fallow deer stags) tend to discard or cast them in late winter/early spring usually within a couple of days of each other. New antlers form from April to June and are usually fully grown by the end of August.<|endoftext|>Büyüyen lahana fideleri, domates ve biberlerden biraz farklıdır. Bunun nedeni, farklı lahana türlerinin yer altına iniş koşullarının kalıcı bir yere taşınmasıdır. Bir ay için son, böylece fideler güçlendirildi, diğerleri ise geçici tencere ve sera koşullarında neredeyse 2 ay boyunca harcanıyor. Göreceli olarak yüksek soğuk mukavemetine rağmen, bu mahsulün bazı türlerinin sırasıyla daha yüksek bir sıcaklığı tercih ettikleri, daha uzun süre serada kalacakları da dikkate alınmalıdır.
Böylece, lahana fidanları ekildiği bir süre için, bu faktörler etkiler:
- iklim koşulları;
- kültür çeşitleri.
Fidelerin büyümesini ve büyümesini önlemek için, tohumlar Mart’tan Nisan’a kadar orta bantta ekilir. Soğutucu bölgelerde, bu terimler neredeyse bir ay kadar değişiyor.
Fidan üzerine beyaz lahana ne zaman bitki yetiştirilir?
Beyaz lahana, mahsulün olgunlaşma zamanına ve oranına bağlı olarak, bir ila iki ay içinde yatağa ekime hazırdır. Bundan sonra, fideler üzerinde tohum ekimi şu zamanlarda tavsiye edilir:
- erken çeşitler – Şubat ayı ortasında – Mart başı;
- Mart başından ortasına kadar orta çeşitleri;
- Geç lahana – başından Nisan ortasına kadar.
Karnabahar ile fide dikmek ne zaman?
Karnabahar fideleri daha da güçlenecek ve ekim anından itibaren bir buçuk ay içinde kalıcı bir yere nakledilmeye hazır olacak, bu nedenle, büyüyen fidelere başlayabilirsiniz:
- Mart ayının ilk on gününde – erken olgunlaşma çeşitleri için;
- Nisan ayının ilk on yılında – orta büyüklükteki türler için;
- Mayıs ayı ortasından – geç olgunlaşma lahana için.
Karnabahar sıcaklık gerektirmekte ve sadece 16 – 25 santigrat derece aralığında tutuluyorsa yumurtalıklar oluşturur. Daha düşük veya daha yüksek bir yetiştirme sıcaklığı, mahsulün ve “oyuk” kovanın kaybına yol açar.
Brokoli fidanı ne zaman bitki yetiştirilir?
Brokoli fidanları oldukça hızlı bir şekilde oluşur ve bir ay içinde kalıcı bir ikamet yerine “taşınmaya” hazırdır. Fideler için ekim tohumları iki ve hatta üç set olabilir, ekinler arasında 2 hafta aralıklı olarak muhafaza edilir. Mart ayı ortasında fidan yetiştirmeye başlayan son parti, iyi bir hasat sağlamak için mayıs ayı sonlarında ekmeye bırakıldı.
Peking lahana ve alabaşını fidanlara ne zaman ekmelisin?
Kolrabi ve pekinka, en “hızlı” lahana türlerinden biridir. Tam olarak olgunlaşmaları için sadece üç ay gerekir ve ekimden sonra fideler üç ila dört hafta daha kuvvetli büyür. Fide yetiştiriciliğinin başlatılması, Mart’ın ikinci on yılından olmalıdır.
Fide için lahana ekmeyi planlarken, üreticinin ekim zamanlaması ile ilgili tavsiyelerini dikkatle incelemek ve başın ve yerel iklim koşullarının olgunlaşma süresini hesaba katmak gerekir.<|endoftext|>سامانه ای برای حذف بارمیكروبی و كدورت آب در شرایط بحرانی
به گزارش هوا فضا محققان یکی از شرکتهای دانش بنیان با استفاده از غشاهای سرامیکی با حفرات نانومتری به ساخت سامانه های تصفیه آب برای شرایط بحرانی دست پیدا کردند که علاوه بر حذف کدورت و بار میکروبی قادر به حذف میکروارگانیسم هایی چون ویروس می باشد.
علی اکبر بابالو، عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه سهند تبریز و رئیس هیات مدیره این شرکت دانش بنیان فعال در حوزه نانو در گفتگو با ایسنا، سامانه تصفیه آب در شرایط بحران را از دستاوردهای تحقیقاتی این شرکت نام برد و اظهار داشت: در داخل این سامانه از یکسری فیلترهایی با اندازه های حفرات نانومتری استفاده کردیم که از این طریق اجازه عبور ذرات و میکروارگانیزم ها داده نمی گردد.
وی ضمن اشاره به شیوع کرونا اظهار نمود: فیلتر مورد استفاده در این سامانه قادر به جذب میکروارگانیزم ها در مقیاس نانومتری است و از آنجایی که ویروس کرونا در ابعاد بیشتر از ۱۰۰ نانو متر است، قادر به جذب آن است؛ ضمن آنکه ویروس ها همواره همراه یکسری از ذرات دیگر هستند که این امر به بزرگتر شدن ابعاد آنها منجر خواهد شد.
بابالو با تکیه بر اینکه فیلتر نانومتری این سامانه قادر به جذب این میکروارگانیزم ها است، تصریح کرد: این سامانه در مناطقی که دسترسی به آب سالم نیست و یا در مناطق ز
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sta ben detto, parlando della domanda che fa il peccatore, in quanto è peccatore, cioè quando egli domanda per desiderio di seguitare a peccare: per esempio, si chiedesse aiuto per vendicarsi del suo nemico, o per seguire altra sua brutta intenzione. E lo stesso dicesi di quel peccatore che prega Dio a salvarlo, senza avere alcun desiderio di uscire dallo stato di peccato...
Vi sono alcuni infelici che amano le catene, con le quali il demonio li tiene legati da schiavi. Le preghiere di costoro non sono esaudite da Dio, perché sono preghiere temerarie e abominevoli.
E qual maggior temerità di colui che domanda grazia ad un principe, che non solo ha più volte offeso, ma che pensa di seguitare ad offendere?
E così s'intende quel che dice lo Spirito Santo, esser detestabile e odiosa a Dio, la preghiera di colui che volta le orecchie per non ascoltare ciò che Dio comanda (Pro 28,9).
A questi tali dice il Signore: Non occorre che voi mi preghiate, perché io volterò gli occhi da voi, e non vi esaudirò (Is 1,15). T
ale era appunto l'orazione dell'empio re Antioco, che pregava Dio, e prometteva grandi cose, ma fintamente, e col cuore ostinato nella colpa, pregando solo per sfuggire il castigo che lo sovrastava: perciò il Signore non diede orecchio alle sue preghiere, ma lo fece morire roso dai vermi (2 Mc 9,13).
Altri poi che peccano per fragilità, o per impeto di qualche gran passione, o gemono sotto il giogo del nemico e desiderano di rompere quelle catene di morte ed uscire da quella misera schiavitù, e perciò domandano aiuto a Dio; l'orazione di costoro, se ella è costante, ben sarà esaudita dal Signore il quale dice, che ognuno che domanda, riceve, e chi cerca la grazia, la ritrova (Mt 7,8).
Ognuno, spiega l'autore dell'opera imperfetta, o giusto o peccatore.
Ed in san Luca, parlando Gesù Cristo di colui che chiede tutti i pani che aveva all'amico, non tanto per l'amicizia, quanto per la di lui importunità disse: Vi dico che quando anche non si levasse a darglieli per la ragione che quegli è un suo amico, si leverà almeno a motivo della sua importunità, e gliene darà quanti gliene bisogna (Lc 11,8).
Sicché la preghiera perseverante ottiene da Dio la misericordia anche a coloro che non sono suoi amici.
“Quel che non si ottiene per l'amicizia, dice il Crisostomo, si ottiene per la preghiera”. Anzi dice lo stesso Santo che “vale più appresso a Dio l'orazione, che l'amicizia; e che l'orazione compie ciò che l'amicizia non aveva compiuta”.
E S. Basilio non dubita, che “anche i peccatori ottengono quel che chiedono, se sono perseveranti in pregare”
Lo stesso dice S. Gregorio: “Alzi le grida anche il peccatore, e la sua orazione giungerà a Dio”.
Lo stesso scrive san Girolamo, dicendo che anche il peccatore può chiamare Iddio suo Padre, se lo prega ad accettarlo di nuovo per figlio, con l'esempio del figlio prodigo, che lo chiamava padre. Padre, ho peccato, ancorché non fosse stato ancora perdonato.
“Se Dio non esaudisse i peccatori, disse sant'Agostino, invano il Pubblicano avrebbe domandato il perdono. Ma ci attesta il Vangelo, che il Pubblicano col pregare, ben ottenne il perdono (Lc 18,15).
Ma sopra tutti esamina più a minuto questo punto il Dottore Angelico, e non dubita di asserire, che anche il peccatore è esaudito, se prega; dicendo, che sebbene la sua orazione non è meritoria, ha nondimeno la forza d'impetrare; poiché l'impetrazione non si appoggia alla giustizia, ma alla divina bontà.
Così appunto pregava Daniele: Porgi, Dìo mio, il tuo orecchio e ascolta... poiché confidiamo non nella nostra giustizia, ma nelle molte tue misericordie, queste preci umiliamo davanti alla tua faccia (Dn 9,18).
Allorché dunque preghiamo, dice S. Tommaso, non è necessario l'essere amici di Dio, per impetrarne le grazie che cerchiamo; la stessa preghiera ci rende suoi amici.
Inoltre aggiunge S. Bernardo una bella ragione, dicendo che tal preghiera del peccatore di uscire dal peccato, nasce dal desiderio di tornare in grazia di Dio; or questo desiderio è un dono che, certamente non gli viene dato da altri, che da Dio medesimo.
A che dunque, dice poi il Santo, darebbe Iddio al peccatore un tal desiderio, se non volesse esaudirlo?
E ben di ciò ve ne sono tanti esempi nelle stesse divine Scritture, di peccatori che pregando sono stati liberati dal peccato.
Così fu liberato il re Acab (1 Re 21).
Così il re Manasse (1 Sam 33).
Così il re Nabucco (Dn 6).
Così il buon ladrone.
Gran cosa e gran valore della preghiera! Due peccatori muoiono sul Calvario accanto a Gesù Cristo, uno perché prega (ricordati di me) (Lc 23,42), si salva; l'altro perché non prega, si danna!
Insomma dice il Crisostomo: “Nessun peccatore pentito ha pregato il Signore e non ha ottenuto quanto ha desiderato”.
Ma che servono più autorità e ragioni a ciò dimostrare, mentre Gesù medesimo dice: Venite a me tutti voi che siete affaticati e oppressi, e io vi ristorerò'? (Mt 11,28).
Per oppressi, s'intendono comunemente, secondo S. Gìrolamo, S. Agostino ed altri, i peccatori che gemono sotto il peso delle loro colpe, i quali ricorrendo a Dio ben saranno da lui, giusta tal promessa, ristorati e salvati colla sua grazia.
Ah! che non tanto noi, dice S. Giovanni Crisostomo, desideriamo d'esser perdonati, quanto anela Dio di perdonarci! Non vi è grazia, soggiunge il Santo, che non si ottenga colla preghiera, ancorché questa si faccia da un peccatore il più perduto che sia, se ella è perseverante.
E notiamo quel che dice San Giacomo: Se qualcuno di voi manca di sapienza, la domandi a Dio, che dona a tutti generosamente e senza rinfacciare, e gli sarà data.(Gc 1,5). Tutti coloro dunque che ricorrono coll'orazione a Dio, egli non lascia d'esaudirli e di colmarli di grazie: dà a tutti abbondantemente.
Ma si faccia speciale riflessione alla parola che segue: e non rinfaccia. Ciò significa che non fa Iddio come fanno gli uomini, che quando viene a domandare loro qualche favore, taluno, che prima in qualche occasione li ha offesi, subito gli rimproverano l'oltraggio da lui ricevuto. Non fa così il Signore con chi lo prega, fosse anche il maggior peccatore del mondo, quando gli domanda qualche grazia utile alla sua eterna salute, non gli rimprovera già i disgusti che ha dati, ma come se non l'avesse mai offeso, subito l'accoglie, lo consola, l'esaudisce, e abbondantemente l'arricchisce dei suoi doni.
Sopra tutto per animarci a pregare, il Redentore dice: In verità, in verità vi dico, che qualunque cosa voi domandiate al Padre nel nome mio, ve la concederà (Gv 16,23).
Come dicesse: Orsù peccatori, non vi disanimate, non fate che i vostri peccati vi trattengano di ricorrere al mio Padre, e di sperare da esso la vostra salute, se la desiderate. Voi non avete già i meriti di ottenere le grazie che chiedete, ma solo avete demeriti per ricevere castighi; fate così, andate al Padre in nome mio, per i meriti miei chiedete le grazie che volete, ed io vi prometto, in verità, vi dico, che quanto domanderete, il mio Padre vi concederà.
O Dio! e qual maggior consolazione può avere un peccatore dopo le sue rovine, che sapere con certezza che quanto chiederà a Dio in nome di Gesù Cristo, tutto riceverà?
Dico, tutto, circa la salute eterna, perché intorno ai beni temporali già abbiamo detto di sopra che il Signore, anche pregato, alle volte non ce li concede, vedendo che tali beni ci nuocerebbero all'anima.
Ma in quanto ai beni spirituali la sua promessa di esaudirci non è condizionata, ma assoluta; e perciò esorta S. Agostino che quelle cose che Dio assolutamente promette, noi dobbiamo domandarle con sicurezza di riceverle.
E come mai, scrive il Santo, può negarci qualcosa il Signore, allorché noi lo preghiamo con confidenza, quando desidera più esso di dispensarci le sue grazie, che noi di averle?
Dice il Crisostomo che il Signore si dispiace di noi solo quando noi trascuriamo di cercargli i suoi doni .
E come mai può succedere che Iddio non voglia esaudire un'anima, che gli cerca cose tutte di suo gusto?
Quando l'anima gli dice: Signore, io non vi cerco beni di questa terra, ricchezze, piaceri, onori; ma solo vi domando la grazia vostra, liberatemi dal peccato, datemi una buona morte, datemi il Paradiso, datemi il Santo amor vostro (ch'è quella grazia, come dice san Francesco di Sales, che deve chiedersi a Dio sopra tutte le altre), datemi rassegnazione nella vostra volontà;
com'è possibile che Dio non voglia esaudirla? E quali domande mai, dice sant'Agostino, esaudirete voi, mio Dio, se non esaudirete queste che sono tutte secondo il vostro cuore?
Ma sopra tutto deve ravvivarsi la nostra confidenza, allorché chiediamo a Dio le grazie spirituali, ciò che disse Gesù Cristo. Se voi, dice il Redentore (Lc 11,13), che siete cattivi, attaccati ai vostri interessi, perché pieni d'amor proprio, non sapete negare ai vostri figli ciò che vi domandano; quanto più il vostro Padre celeste, che vi ama più d'ogni padre terreno, vi concederà i beni spirituali, allorché voi lo pregherete?<|endoftext|>哈萨克斯坦和立陶宛外长讨论跨里海国际运输线问题
2022 年 12月 6 日 星期二 , 17:15
哈通社/阿斯塔纳/12月6日--哈萨克斯坦政府副总理兼外交部长穆赫塔尔·特列吾别尔德今日与到访的陶宛外交部长盖贝留斯·兰茨贝吉斯举行会谈期间，对利用跨里海国际运输线和克莱佩达港问题给予了特别关注。
哈外交部长在会谈结束后发表的声明中谈到了这一点。
-我想指出两国在立法机构层面的有效互动。 两国议会间友好小组着重关注投资、经贸合作问题，以及多元化物流路线问题。其中，对利用跨里海国际运输线和克莱佩达港问题给予了特别关注。-他说。
穆赫塔尔·特列吾别尔德表示，立陶宛是哈萨克斯坦在欧盟国家的十大贸易伙伴之一，也是世界二十大贸易伙伴之一。
-哈萨克斯坦也是立陶宛二十大贸易伙伴之一。-他说。
【编译：阿依波塔】
相关新闻<|endoftext|>Alışveriş eğlenceli ve zevkli bir deneyim olabilir ancak akıllı ve bilinçli kararlar verdiğinizden emin olmak için belirli şeylere dikkat etmeniz önemlidir. Bu yazıda, bilgili bir tüketici olabilmeniz ve paranızdan en iyi şekilde yararlanabilmeniz için alışveriş yaparken akılda tutulması gereken bazı önemli şeyleri tartışacağız.
Her şeyden önce, alışverişe başlamadan önce aklınızda bir bütçe olması önemlidir. Bir bütçeye sahip olmak, doğru yolda kalmanıza ve fazla harcama yapmamanıza yardımcı olacaktır. Ayrıca, odaklanmaya devam edebilmeniz ve ani satın almalardan kaçınabilmeniz için ihtiyacınız olan veya satın almak istediğiniz öğelerin bir listesini yapmak iyi bir fikirdir.
Akılda tutulması gereken bir diğer önemli şey, bir satın alma işlemi yapmadan önce araştırma yapmaktır. Bu, düşündüğünüz ürünlerin incelemelerine ve derecelendirmelerine bakmanın yanı sıra en iyi teklifi aldığınızdan emin olmak için fiyatları karşılaştırmanız anlamına gelir. Ek olarak, ürünün kalitesini ve fiyat için iyi bir değer olup olmadığını dikkate almak önemlidir.
Araba veya ev gibi yüksek maliyetli ürünler için alışveriş yaparken ekstra dikkatli olmanız ve gerekli özeni göstermeniz önemlidir. Bu, arabayı veya evi kontrol etmesi için profesyonel bir müfettiş kiralamak veya adil bir fiyat aldığınızdan emin olmak için bir emlakçıya danışmak anlamına gelebilir. Ek olarak, küçük yazıları okumak ve hemen belli olmayabilecek gizli ücretlerin veya ekstra maliyetlerin farkında olmak önemlidir.
Çevrimiçi alışveriş yaparken, risklerin farkında olmanız ve kendinizi korumak için önlem almanız önemlidir. Bu, yalnızca saygın web sitelerinde alışveriş yapmak, güvenli ödeme seçeneklerini kontrol etmek ve şüpheli e-postalara veya tekliflere karşı dikkatli olmak anlamına gelebilir. Ek olarak, bir şeyler ters gittiğinde seçeneklerinizin neler olduğunu öğrenmek için bir satın alma işlemi yapmadan önce iade politikasını ve garanti bilgilerini okuduğunuzdan emin olun.
Alışveriş alışkanlıklarınızın çevresel etkilerine dikkat etmeniz de önemlidir. Bu, sürdürülebilir malzemelerden yapılmış ürünleri seçmek veya etik ve sorumlu bir şekilde üretilmiş ürünleri seçmek anlamına gelebilir. Ek olarak, bir satın alma işlemi yaptığınızda ortaya çıkan ambalaj ve atıkları göz önünde bulundurmak ve daha çevre dostu seçenekler aramak önemlidir.
Sonuç olarak, alışveriş yapmak çok eğlenceli olabilir, ancak akıllı ve bilinçli kararlar verdiğinizden emin olmak için bazı önemli şeyleri aklınızda bulundurmanız önemlidir. Bir bütçeye sahip olarak, araştırmanızı yaparak, büyük bilet alımları yaparken dikkatli olarak ve alışveriş alışkanlıklarınızın çevresel etkilerini göz önünde bulundurarak bilinçli bir tüketici olabilir ve paranızdan en iyi şekilde yararlanabilirsiniz.<|endoftext|>Day 2: Journey to Cuba's underwater Eden
The sharks’ denThe Gardens of the Queen is known for the abundance of sharks, including Caribbean reef sharks (shown here), lemon sharks, silky sharks and occasionally whale sharks, great hammerhead sharks and tiger sharks.Photo by: Fausto De Nevi Herrera
Diving with silkysMote Laboratory’s Kim Richie surfaces after mingling with a group of swirling silky sharks. This graceful species, named after its smooth skin, is generally an open-water shark and rarely found on inshore reefs.Photo by: Ian Shive, courtesy of The Nature Conservancy
Caribbean reef sharksPhotographs fail to capture the sleek beauty of these top-level predators as they move effortlessly through the water. Reef sharks pose little risk to humans, unless provoked.Photo by: Fausto De Nevi Herrera
Yellow tube spongeDivers in the Gardens encounter a mindboggling array of sea life, from microscopic plankton and surgeonfishes to this spectacular yellow tube sponge.Photo by: Fausto De Nevi Herrera
By Rod Griffin
The daily routine on the Waitt Institute’s expedition vessel is designed to give us as much time on the water as possible. Every night, we organize all the scuba gear so we can make the first dive at 8 a.m. sharp.
Our first dive site is Octopus Cave, a natural tunnel in a reef wall 60-feet down. The surrounding coral gardens and canyons are known for attracting large numbers of sharks and other large predators. Their prevalence is part of what makes the Gardens so special. Elsewhere in the region, some shark populations have declined as much as 90% in recent decades.
Sharks have existed 450 million years, since before the dinosaurs. But their future hangs in the balance. EDF, working with the Mote Laboratory and other partners, is leading an ambitious tri-national effort to save sharks in the Gulf of Mexico – uniting Cuba, Mexico and the U.S. in an unprecedented conservation partnership.
Photo by: Ian Shive, courtesy of The Nature Conservancy
Sharks and me
I’ll be honest, I am terrified of sharks. I was 19 years old in 1975, the year JAWS came out. I, like many people, left the theater traumatized. I’ve never been able to entirely shake my fear.
According to U.S. Health Department statistics, I’m more likely to be bitten by a New Yorker than a shark. But there are six to eight times more sharks in the Gardens than anywhere else in the Caribbean. I know that’s a sign of a healthy reef, but seriously, what was I thinking?
In preparation for the trip, I read Peter Benchley’s 2002 non-fiction book Shark Trouble. His advice: “Well, you’d better be an experienced diver” and be prepared “to react
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is also a tradition to recite the prayer at your time of death.
Typically, when reciting the Shema, people cover their eyes. This is to help them concentrate on the prayer’s meaning.
When saying the prayer in the morning, there are three blessings to be spoken as well. The two preceding blessings talk about gratification for God’s creation and revelation. After the two blessings, the Shema is recited. Following that is the final blessing, which thanks God for redemption.
The text of the Shema appears to be very long. However, it is traditional for Jews to learn and memorize the prayer at a young age. Knowing the prayer by heart is a symbol of holding with you some of the most fundamental beliefs about God.
The first section of the prayer, containing the most crucial line, comes from Deuteronomy chapter six, verses five through nine:
You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. Take to heart these instructions with which I charge you this day. Impress them upon your children. Recite them when you stay at home and when you are away, when you lie down and when you get up. Bind them as a sign on your hand and let them serve as a symbol on your forehead, inscribe them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
Prayer necklaces are one way of how Jews can bind their faith to themselves. Nano Style creates beautiful jewelry that represent different religious aspects. You can find various accessories that display the Shema.
Nano Style engraves the Shema with unique nano technology, which precisely and meticulously etches the prayer at the nano scale- between one and 100 nanometers. For reference, a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Your necklace is carefully crafted and handled, just like your faith.<|endoftext|>Masaj yağları, doğal içerikli yapıları sayesinde cilde ve rahatlatıcı masajlara yardımcı olacak özelliklere sahiptirler. Bitkisel, mineral ve esansiyel olmak üzere üç farklı türde masaj yağı vardır. Bitkisel yağlar, badem yağı, hint yağı gibi yağlardan elde edilirken, mineral yağlar petrol bazlıdır. Esansiyel yağlar ise bitkilerin çiçeklerinden, yapraklarından ve dallarından elde edilen yağlardır.
Masaj yağları, cilde doğrudan uygulanabilir ve hafifçe ovularak emilim sağlanabilir. Masörlerin ellerine küçük bir miktar alarak masaj yapmaları veya cilde direkt olarak uygulamaları önerilir. Bu yağlar aynı zamanda cildi nemlendirerek ciltteki lezyonların iyileşmesine yardımcı olabilirler. Bitkisel yağlar genellikle daha popülerdir, ancak mineral ve esansiyel yağlar da harika seçeneklerdir.
Masaj Yağlarının Çeşitleri
Masaj işlemi, rahatlamak veya ağrıları hafifletmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Masaj yağları, masaj işleminin farklı çeşitleri için kullanılan farklı yağ türleridir. Bu yağlar üç farklı grupta incelenir; bitkisel, mineral ve esansiyel yağlar. Bitkisel masaj yağları genellikle bitki özleri, sebzeler veya tohumlardan elde edilir. Mineral yağlar petrol bazlıdır ve daha yavaş emilirler. Esansiyel yağlar ise bitkilerin yaprakları, çiçekleri ve dallarından elde edilirler ve cilde doğrudan uygulanabilen en yoğun yağ grubudur. Masaj yağları, masaj işlemi esnasında cilde doğrudan uygulanabilir veya cildi nemlendirmek veya ağrıları hafifletmek için kullanılabilir.
Bitkisel Masaj Yağları
Bitkisel masaj yağları, masaj işlemi sırasında kullanılan en yaygın masaj yağı çeşitlerindendir. Bu yağlar, farklı bitki özlerinden veya tohumlardan elde edilirler ve cilt üzerinde tonik, antiseptik ve nemlendirici etkileri bulunur. Badem yağı, hassas ciltlerin tercih edebileceği bir masaj yağıdır. Gözenekleri tıkamaz ve hızla emilir. Kokusuz bir masaj yağı arayanlar için hint yağı idealdir. Jojoba yağı, antioksidan özellikleri ile bilinir ve cildi nemlendirirken, aynı zamanda sivilce ve lekelerin giderilmesine yardımcı olur. Ayçiçeği yağı da bir diğer popüler bitkisel masaj yağıdır.
Bitkisel yağlar, masaj yaparken doğrudan cilde uygulanabilir. Ancak, cildin yağı daha hızlı emmesi için hafifçe masaj yapılabilir. Bitkisel masaj yağları, cilde nemlilik sağlamak, ciltteki lezyonları tedavi etmek veya ağrıları hafifletmek için kullanılabilir. Kullanmadan önce, daha önce kullanılmamış bir bitkisel masaj yağının alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olabileceği ve test edilmesi gerektiği unutulmamalıdır.
Badem Yağı
Badem yağı, hassas ciltler için idealdir. Cilde zarar vermez ve gözenekleri tıkamaz. Aynı zamanda kolayca emilir, masaj esnasında cildi nemlendirir ve yatıştırır. Badem yağı, cildin doğal nem dengesini korumasına yardımcı olur. Alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olmayan doğal bir yağdır ve cildinizi rahatlatır. Masaj sırasında, badem yağı kullanmak rahatlama hissi verir ve sizi rahatlatır. Bu nedenle badem yağı, günlük bakım rutininizde veya masaj terapisi için ideal bir seçenektir.
Hindistan Cevizi Yağı
Hindistan cevizi yağı, özellikle tropikal bölgelerde yetişen palmiye ağacından elde edilir. Masaj yağı olarak kullanımı oldukça yaygındır. Kokusu ve nemlendirici özellikleriyle bilinen Hindistan cevizi yağı, aynı zamanda ciltteki enfeksiyonları önlemeye yardımcı olabilir. İyi bir antioksidan kaynağıdır ve içerdiği yağ asitleri sayesinde cildin doğal su kaybını önler. Cildinizi nemlendirirken aynı zamanda cildin bariyer fonksiyonunu da artırarak, cildi korur. Hindistan cevizi yağının kullanımı oldukça kolaydır ve masaj esnasında doğrudan cilde uygulanabilir.
Ayrıca, Hindistan cevizi yağı, saç bakımı için de sıkça kullanılır. Saçların nem dengesini korumak ve saç köklerini beslemek için kullanılabilir. Masaj yaparak cilde uygulayanlara her anlamda fayda sağlayan bir masaj yağı olarak bilinir.
Mineral Masaj Yağları
Mineral masaj yağları, petrol bazlı yağlardan elde edilir. Diğer masaj yağlarına göre daha pahalıdırlar ve yavaş emilirler. Genellikle, mineral masaj yağları, diğer yağlarla karıştırılarak kullanılır. Bu tür yağlar, cildi yumuşatırken aynı zamanda nemlendirmeye de yardımcı olur. Vazelin gibi mineral masaj yağları cildi nemlendirir ve koruyucu bir bariyer oluşturur. Bu tür yağlar diğer yağlar kadar doğal değildir, bu nedenle kimyasal bileşenleri bazı hassas ciltler için bir sorun olabilir.
Vazelin
Vazelin, mineral bazlı bir yağ çeşididir. Ciltte koruyucu bir bariyer oluşturarak, nemin kaybını önlemeye yardımcı olur. Aynı zamanda cildi yumuşatır ve nemlendirir. Özellikle kuru ve çatlamış ciltler için ideal bir seçenektir. Masajda da kullanılabilir, ancak diğer masaj yağlarına göre daha yavaş emilir. Vazelin, birkaç damla esansiyel yağla karıştırılarak bileşenleri arttırılabilir ve farklı bir etki yaratabilir. Ancak, hassas ciltlerde alerjik reaksiyona neden olabileceği unutulmamalıdır.
Esansiyel Masaj Yağları
Esansiyel masaj yağları, bitkilerin yaprakları, çiçekleri ve dallarından elde edilen yağlardır. Bu yağlar, doğal bir kokuya sahiptir ve terapi amacıyla kullanılırlar. Esansiyel yağların kullanımı çok eski zamanlara dayansa da, günümüzde halen çok tercih edilmektedir.
Birkaç damla kullanımı yeterlidir ve cilde direkt olarak uygulanabilir. Cildin emilimi kolay olduğu için cilt tarafından kolayca emilir. Lavanta yağı, stresi azaltmak ve uyku kalitesini artırmak için kullanılırken, nane yağı sinirleri sakinleştirmek ve zihni canlandırmak için kullanılabilir. Adaçayı yağı ağrıların hafifletilmesinde etkilidir. Tek başına kullanıldığında ya da diğer masaj yağları ile karıştırılarak kullanılabilirler.
Esansiyel masaj yağları hafifçe cilde uygulandığında, cildin rahatlamasını sağlar ve cilt tarafından kolayca emilir. Esansiyel masaj yağları, masajın etkinliğini artırırken, cildin görünümünü de geliştirir.
Lavanta Yağı
Lavanta yağı, çiçeklerinden elde edilen bir yağdır ve masaj yağları arasında en popüler olanlardan biridir. Lavanta yağının en bilinen faydalarından biri, stresi azaltma ve uyku kalitesini artırma etkisidir. Masaj sırasında kullanıldığında, vücudun rahatlamasına ve sakinleşmesine yardımcı olabilir.
Bunun yanı sıra, lavanta yağı aynı zamanda cilt için de faydalıdır. İyi bir nemlendirici ve antibakteriyel temizleyici olarak bilinir. Cilt lezyonlarına ve enfeksiyonlara karşı koruma sağlayabilir. Ayrıca lavanta yağı içeren ürünlerin cildi sakinleştirdiği ve tahrişi giderdiği bilinmektedir.
Lavanta yağı, masaj yağları arasında en güvenli olanlardan biridir ve genellikle alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olmaz. Ancak, hamilelerin ve emziren annelerin kullanmadan önce doktorlarına danışmaları önerilir.
Adaçayı Yağı
Adaçayı yağı, ağrıları hafifletmek, kasları gevşetmek ve sinirleri yatıştırmak için kullanılan bir masaj yağıdır. Ayrıca cildi güçlendirmek ve antiseptik özellikleri sayesinde ciltteki enfeksiyonlara karşı koruma sağlamak amacıyla da kullanılır. Adaçayı yağı, aynı zamanda cildin gençleşmesine yardımcı olur ve cildin esnekliğini artırır.
- Adaçayı yağı, ağrıları hafifletmek için özellikle migren ve baş ağrısı gibi durumlarda kullanılır.
- Yatıştırıcı özellikleri sayesinde, uyku sorunu olan kişiler tarafından masaj sırasında uygulanarak uykudan önceki stresi azaltmak amacıyla da kullanılabilir.
- Ayrıca selülit problemi olan kişilerin yağlarına da adaçayı yağı eklenerek, ciltteki su birikimlerinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilir.
Genellikle birkaç damla kullanılan adaçayı yağı, diğer yağlarla karıştırılarak masaj sırasında doğrudan cilde uygulanır. Ancak, doğrudan ciltte kullanılacaksa seyreltilmesi gereklidir. Ayrıca, gebeler ve emzirenler dahil olmak üzere bazı kişilerde alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olabilir, bu nedenle kullanmadan önce bir uzmana danışılması önerilir.
Masaj Yağlarının Kullanımı
Masaj yağları, masaj sırasında doğrudan cilde uygulanabilen yağlar arasındadır. Yağın cilt tarafından emilmesini kolaylaştırmak için, masaj öncesi hafifçe ciltte ovuşturulabilir veya masaj yapılabilir. Masaj yağları, cilde nemlilik sağlamak için kullanılabilir. Özellikle kuru ciltlerde ve dehidrate ciltte masaj yaparken zamanla nem kaybına uğramayı engeller. Bazı masaj yağları, cilt lezyonlarının iyileştirilmesi ve ağrıların hafifletilmesi için de kullanılabilir. Masaj yağları, yağ tipine ve bileşenlerine göre değişebilir.
Masaj yağları, doğru oranda kullanıldığında harika sonuçlar elde etmek mümkündür. Ancak, masaj yaparken yağların yüz ve diğer açık alanlardan uzak tutulması gerekir. Masaj esnasında kullanılan yağların hassas bir cilde sahip olan kişiler için uygunluğu önceden test edilmelidir.<|endoftext|>In our modern cities, roads make up about one-fifth of the urban acreage, and about half of the resistant surfaces. On these roads we have actually driven our cars and trucks with inflatable rubber tyres for over a century. These rubber tyres wear down, and regularly need a car tyre repair undertaken.
Often the rubber comes off in a remarkable cloud of smoke when the vehicle skids on the road. Often the road surface is sharp and slices fragments from the rubber. But the majority of the time, in the course of regular rotation without skidding or cutting, the rubber is compressed and then broadens. As it compresses and broadens, small fractures establish and spread out in the tread– and tiny particles of rubber flake off, this is known to be particularly bad for men’s health as men are known to have an interest in motor sports.
Just how much rubber dust is there, where does it go, and is it hazardous?
In the Australian outback, traces of lead from vehicle exhausts have actually been found as much as 50 kilometres away from the closest road. So the tyre dust can travel that far – but of course, most of it will settle around the road.
A fraction of the tyre dust gets mashed into the road. The majority of it gets blown off away from the road by the air turbulence of the vehicles. And rain quickly cleans the rubber dust off the road into the nearby waterways where it ends up as sediment on the bottom of creeks, ponds and wetlands.
These natural chemicals from brands like hankook tyres are specifically poisonous to water animals (such as fish and frogs), and depending on the levels, can trigger anomalies, or even death. In test tube laboratory experiments, they harm human DNA. Latex (a component of rubber dust) has actually been implicated in latex allergic reactions and asthma.<|endoftext|>Notes and Information for MacArthur Students
Pledge of Allegiance and Prehistory Basics
1. What is another word for allegiance? Loyalty
2. What is another word for pledge? Promise
3. What is another word for fairness? Justice
4. What is a government where citizens vote for leaders and the leaders make the laws? Republic
5. What does prehistory mean? It is the time before writing.
6. What do we call ancient people who had no permanent homes but who followed and hunted animals? Nomads
7. Name one animal early man hunted that was 11 feet high and weighed over 6 tons. Woolly Mammoth
8. What early animal did nomads hunt that is now extinct? Woolly Mammoth
9. When did prehistory end? It ended about 3000 B.C., when Sumerians created cuneiform.
10. When did woolly mammoths live? Prehistoric Times
1. When did the last Ice Age end? About 10,000 years ago
2. Which pre-human creature lived from c. 350,000 B.C. to 35,000 B.C.? Neanderthal
3. Which continent is north of Africa? Europe
4. Which continent is east of Europe? Asia
5. Which ocean is east of Asia? Pacific Ocean
6. Which continent is south of Asia? Australia
7. Is a continent a country? Explain? No. A continent is a large mass of land, usually surrounded by water. A country is a big political entity (thing) with a government.
8. Which ocean is in between Africa and Australia? Indian Ocean
9. Which continent is north of Africa? Europe
10. Where did Neanderthals live from possibly c. 350,000 to 35,000 B.C.? Europe and Southeastern Asia
Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans
The Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent and the Sumerians
1. What is an urban settlement with a high development of agriculture? Civilization
2. What is a crescent-shaped area in the Middle East called? Fertile Crescent
3. What do we call the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers? Mesopotamia
4. Name the Sumerians’ writing system. Cuneiform
5. What are you called if you believe in many gods? Polytheism
6. What is the world’s first advanced civilization? Sumer
7. Name possibly the oldest written story. The Epic of Gilgamesh
8. Who invented the wheel? Sumeria
9. What did the Sumerians invent?
b. lunar calendar
1. When was the Babylonian Empire? 1900 B.C. to 1600 B.C.
2. Were farmers successful in Babylon? Yes
3. What did Babylonians build with? Bricks
4. What did King Hammurabi create? Hammurabi’s Code
5. If a son hit his father, what would his punishment be under Hammurabi’s Code?
His hands would be chopped off.
6. What were some reasons Hamurabi’s Code was important?
a. It was written
b. It was publicly displayed
Because of these two facts, everyone had to follow the Code, and the leaders couldn’t change the law whenever they wanted to.
Hittites and Phoenicians
1. What did the Hittites discover? A better way to make iron
2. Were Hittite laws written? Yes
3. Why is it so important to have written laws?
a. It was written
b. It was publicly displayed
Because of these two facts, everyone had to follow the law, and the leaders couldn’t change the law whenever they wanted to.
4. What were the Phoenicians good at? Sailing
5. What was the commercial center for Phoenicia? Carthage
6. Why was purple the color of kings’ clothing? Purple dye came from a rare shellfish
1. What did the Spartans value? Strength and courage
2. What kind of a state was Sparta? It was a military state
3. How many slaves to Spartans were there? 10 slaves for every 1 Spartan
4. At what age did a Spartan have to leave home and live with soldiers? 7
5. Name one thing Spartan women could do that was abnormal in most countries? Own land
6. Who led the government of Sparta? 2 kings
1. What happened in the Roman Republic in 60 B.C? Civil War
2. What river did Caesar cross with his army that meant Caesar wanted to control Rome? The Rubicon
3. What did Caesar say when he plunged his horse into the water? The die is cast.
4. What calendar did Julius Caesar create? Julian Calendar
5
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These factors see timber perform strongly against fire and give designers the ability to confidently create strong, durable, fire resistant timber constructions.<|endoftext|>Kripto Analisti Lark Davis Boğa Koşusunun Henüz Bitmediğini Söyledi
- Lark Davis, kripto boğa koşusunun henüz bitmediğini söylüyor.
- Davis’e göre, kripto boğa koşusu eninde sonunda sona erecek.
- Kripto piyasası kısa süre önce kitlesel likidasyonları tetikleyen çöktü.
Kripto analisti Lark Davis, mevcut kripto boğa koşusu hakkında iyimser olduğunu tweetledi. Davis, kripto boğa koşusunun henüz bitmediğini, bunun yerine belli bir noktada sona ereceğini sözlerine ekledi.
Bir gönderide Davis, Twitter topluluğuna kripto boğa koşusunun bugün bitip bitmediğini, nasıl olacağını sordu. Dahası Davis, iyi olmazlarsa birlikte hareket etmeleri gerektiğini çünkü boğa koşusunun eninde sonunda sona ereceğini söyledi.
Ancak birçok kişi Davis’in tweet’ini merak etti. Tweet’i yanıtlayan insanlar Davis’ten özellikle iyi olma durumunu tanımlamasını istediler. Ayrıca, diğerleri boğa koşusunun sonunda çok daha fazla tüccarın varlıklarını kaybedeceğini söyledi.
Dahası, diğerleri boğa koşusunun ne zaman biteceğine dair sürekli bir bildirim alırlarsa, gerçekte gerçekleştiğinde çok şaşırmayacaklarını da belirttiler.
Kripto piyasası kısa süre önce tüm piyasada şok dalgaları göndererek çöktü. Sonuç olarak, bazı yatırımcılar varlıklarını tasfiye etti.
Sadece bu değil, Davis kısa süre önce Twitterverse’e kripto boğasının bitip bitmediğini veya sadece bir düzeltme olup olmadığını sorduğu bir Twitter anketi düzenledi.
Kaynak: https://coinquora.com/crypto-bull-run-is-not-yet-over-says-crypto-analyst/<|endoftext|>به گزارش تبریز جوان، اکبر فتحی امروز در همایش بزرگداشت روز جهانی خاک که در محل آمفی تئاتر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز برگزار شد، اظهار داشت: تولید در بستر خاک اتفاق می افتد؛ خاک بستر نگهدارنده منابع آبی است و بدون وجود خاک سالم و غنی، منابع آبی معنا و مفهومی ندارد. وی با اشاره
به گزارش تبریز جوان، اکبر فتحی امروز در همایش بزرگداشت روز جهانی خاک که در محل آمفی تئاتر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز برگزار شد، اظهار داشت: تولید در بستر خاک اتفاق می افتد؛ خاک بستر نگهدارنده منابع آبی است و بدون وجود خاک سالم و غنی، منابع آبی معنا و مفهومی ندارد.
وی با اشاره به این که خاک بستر تامین کننده امنیت غذایی است، ادامه داد: مواد غذایی جمعیت رو به رشد انسانی از خاک تهیه می شود و نباید مورد کم لطفی و بی توجهی قرار گیرد.
فتحی با یادآوری این موضوع که کل اراضی قابل کشت جهان بالغ بر ۴ میلیارد هکتار می باشد، گفت: از این تبریز جوان ۱٫۵ میلیارد هکتار قابلیت کشت و زرع دارند، در کشور ما نیز ۱۸٫۵ میلیون هکتار اراضی زیرکشت برآورد شده است.
رئیس سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان ادامه داد: مساحت استان آذربایجان شرقی حدود ۴٫۵ میلیون هکتار است، از این تبریز جوان یک میلیون و ۲۰۰ هزار هکتار اراضی زراعی و باغی را شامل می شود.
وی تصریح کرد: ۳۰ درصد مجموع خاکهای دنیا را خاک های کلاس A تشکیل می دهند که بدون محدویت می باشند، سایر خاک ها یا چند محدودیت را با هم دارند و یا حداقل جزو خاک های شور هستند که عملاً کشاورزی در این نوع از خاکها به کمترین تبریز جوان کاشت، داشت و برداشت تنزل پیدا می کند.
فتحی با خاطرنشان ساختن این موضوع که ۴۰ درصد اراضی زراعی استان در اطراف حوضه دریاچه ارومیه قرار دارند، تاکید کرد: حوضه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه یکی از ۳ حوضه آبریز استان آذربایجان شرقی بشمار می آید، متاسفانه در سالهای گذشته این زمین ها در اثر بی ملاحظه گی و سهل انگاری دست اندرکاران این بخش به زمین های شور و کم حاصلخیز تبدیل شده اند.
رئیس سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان عنوان کرد: با توجه به شرایط فوق سرانه زمین کشاورزی برای هر نفر در سطح کشور در حدود ۲ هزار مترمربع می باشد و باید از این تبریز جوان هم مایحتاج غذایی جامعه، هم برخی پوشاک و البسه و در بعضی موارد مسکن جمعیت رو به رشد کشور نیز تامین و تهیه شود.
وی افزود: با لحاظ موارد فوق الذکر باید در حفظ و حراست از منابع خاکی موجود، حساسیت لازم در متخصصین و کارشناسان این حوزه بیش از پیش باشد.
فتحی تاکید کرد: باید با رعایت اصول علمی در مصرف کودها و سموم شیمیایی دقت لازم را داشته باشیم تا از آلوده شدن و از بین رفتن خاک های کشاورزی جلوگیری بعمل آوریم.
رئیس سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان آذربایجان شرقی گفت: طی مطالعه ای که از سال ۱۳۳۴ تا ۱۳۸۱ انجام شده است، ۲۰۰ هزار هکتار از اراضی زراعی در سطح کشور به جهت افزایش شهرنشینی و افزایش جمعیت انسانی و به تبع آن نیازمندی به مسکن، به ساخت و ساز اماکن مسکونی اختصاص یافته است.
فتحی در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود با خاطرنشان ساختن این موضوع که بخش کشاورزی کمترین مصرف کود و سم را دارد و نیاز کودی استان برای حاصلخیزی خاک کم است، اضافه کرد: مصرف کودها و سموم شیمیایی در برخی از مناطق استان به صورت نامتعارف و غیر اصولی است و این امر موجب می شود که متوسط عملکرد در واحد سطح در بعضی از زمین های کشاورزی بهینه و در برخی دیگر کمتر و نامتعارف باشد.
وی با تاکید بر لزوم اجرای قانون حفظ اراضی زراعی و باغی در استان، گفت: متولیان این امر باید بدون هیچ تعارف و ملاحظه ای و فقط برای جلب رضای پروردگار متعال در راستای اجرای بهینه این قانون، ساماندهی شهرکهای کشاورزی و صنعتی را در اولویت کاری خود قرار دهند.
رئیس سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان به کارشناسان و عوامل نظارتی قانون حفظ و حراست از اراضی زراعی و باغی توصیه کرد: در تهیه گزارش از وضعیت زمین های کشاورزی دقت لازم را داشته باشند تا زمین های درجه ۲ و ۱ بدرستی تشخیص و به اعضای کمیسیون اعلام شود تا از نابود شدن زمین های حاصلخیز جلوگیری بعمل آید.
فتحی در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود با خاطرنشان ساختن این موضوع که از یک میلیون و ۲۰۰ هزار هکتار زمین های کشاورزی استان، ۸۰۰ هزار هکتار بصورت دیم زیرکشت می روند، اظهار نمود: این تبریز جوان نیز در صورت بارندگی مناسب و بموقع محصول خواهند داد.
وی ادامه داد: از اراضی آبی نیز که در حدود ۴۰۰ هزار هکتار است، تقریباً ۲۹۰ هزار هکتار آبی مطلق می باشند، باید و باید برای حفظ این مقدار از اراضی آبی همت مضاعف و تلاش زیاد به کار بندیم تا صرفاً برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی مورد بهره برداری قرار گیرند.
رئیس سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان گفت: استفاده بهینه از کودها و سموم شیمیایی در اراضی زراعی، احداث و ایجاد زیرساخت های لازم برای آبیاری زمین های کشاورزی در راستای عملکرد بیشتر در واحد سطح و جلوگیری از تغییرکاربری های غیرمجاز اراضی زراعی از سیاست های اصلی سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان در راستای حفاظت از منابع خاکی حاصلخیز و کشاورزی است.
انتهای پیام/۶۰۰۰۲<|endoftext|>3分11选五-推荐
根据世卫组织（WHO）规定，如果连续42日无新增确诊病例，就可认定此次疫情传播结束，原本至6月25日就将迎来刚果金第10次埃博拉疫情传播结束通告日，该国卫生部也为此做了准备。
自1976年以来第11次
根据刚果金卫生部长介绍，第11次埃博拉疫情目前集中暴发于首都金沙萨以北约600公里、该国西北部赤道省一带。
此次疫情累计造成2280人死亡，并传播到周边一些国家，但近期已呈缓解趋势。
不仅如此，近年来部分发达国家无端将“埃博拉防治研究”和所谓“生化武器开发”联想在一起，不断对原本就障碍重重、投入不足的埃博拉特效药、疫苗开发研究横加干扰。
目前在赤道省首府姆班达卡已确诊6例，其中死亡4人。第10轮疫情虽集中暴发在该国东部，但赤道省也被波及，累计确诊54例，其中死亡33例。
据CNN报道，这3名此前和肖万同被解雇的警员分别是托马斯·莱恩（Thomas Lane）、J·亚历山大·古恩（J.Alexander Keung）和亚裔警员陶·邵（Tou Thao），他们将于美东时间4日下午1:45出庭。
迄今为止，埃博拉是地球上死亡率最高的瘟疫，历次疫情中死亡率最低的一次也高达53%（1976年，苏丹），死亡率最高的高达100%（1977年，扎伊尔即现在的民主刚果）。
加之如前所述，埃博拉传播烈度和公共卫生条件成反比，公共卫生条件及习惯越差，疫情传播越猛烈，这导致埃博拉很难传播到非洲以外，更难在工业化国家形成疫情。
历次埃博拉传播和防疫的经验教训表明，这种疫情最容易在公共卫生条件差，缺乏干净厕所、清洁水源和电力供应的不发达地区传播，而撒哈拉以南非洲恰是这样的地区。<|endoftext|>Regression Analysis > Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test
You might find it helpful to read this article first: What is heteroscedasticity?
What is the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test?
The Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test (sometimes shorted to the Breusch-Pagan test) is a test for heteroscedasticity of errors in regression. Heteroscedasticity means “differently scattered”; this is opposite to homoscedastic, which means “same scatter.” Homoscedasticity in regression is an important assumption; if the assumption is violated, you won’t be able to use regression analysis.
Running the Test
- n = sample size
- R2 = R2(Coefficient of Determination) of the regression of squared residuals from the original regression.
- k = number of independent variables.
The test statistic approximately follows a chi-square distribution.
- The null hypothesis for this test is that the error variances are all equal.
- The alternate hypothesis is that the error variances are not equal. More specifically, as Y increases, the variances increase (or decrease).
A small chi-square value (along with an associated small p-value) indicates the null hypothesis is true (i.e. that the variances are all equal).
Note that the Breush-Pagan test measures how errors increase across the explanatory variable, Y. The test assumes the error variances are due to a linear function of one or more explanatory variables in the model. That means heteroskedasticity could still be present in your regression model, but those errors (if present) are not correlated with the Y-values.
If you suspect that a small subset of values is causing heteroskedasticity, you can run a modified Breusch-Pagan test on those values alone.
Caution: Some authors (including Bickel(1978) and Koenker(1981) have suggested the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test statistic may not be accurate for non-normal data.
Bickel, P.J., 1978, Using residuals robustly I: Test for heteroscedasticity and nonlinearity, Annals of Statistics 6, 266-291.
Breusch, T.S. and A.R. Pagan, 1979, A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation, Econometrica 47, 1287- 1294.
Koenker, R., 1981, A note on studentizing a test for heteroscedasticity, Journal of Econometrics 17, 107-l 12.
Stephanie Glen. "Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test: Definition" From StatisticsHowTo.com: Elementary Statistics for the rest of us! https://www.statisticshowto.com/breusch-pagan-godfrey-test/
Need help with a homework or test question? With Chegg Study, you can get step-by-step solutions to your questions from an expert in the field. Your first 30 minutes with a Chegg tutor is free!
Comments? Need to post a correction? Please Contact Us.<|endoftext|>Dan Fogelman, creatore di This Is Us, racconta che nella quinta stagione includerà un pezzo importante del puzzle nel futuro della famiglia Pearson.
L’episodio finale della quarta stagione di This Is Us ha mostrato diversi periodi temporali, risposto a diverse domande e ha incluso molte rivelazioni.
This Is Us esplora i dolori comuni che molte persone affrontano ogni giorno, per questo è amato sia dal pubblico che dalla critica.<|endoftext|>وقایع لحظه به لحظه یک قتل از قبل اعلام شده
خلاصه اثر
کتاب وقایع لحظه به لحظه یک قتل از قبل اعلام شده، اثر مهیج دیگری از گابریل گارسیا مارکز است، که لحظه به لحظه با روایتی واقع گرایانه، قلب ها را در سینه محبوس می نماید.
گابریل گارسیا مارکز (Gabriel Garcia Marquez) بزرگ ترین نویسنده ی کلمبیا و نام آورترین نویسنده ی جهان و برنده ی جایزه ی ادبی نوبل سال ١۹۸۲، در ششم ماه مارس ١۹۲۸ میلادی، در دهکده ی آراکاتاکا در منطقه ی سانتاماریای کلمبیا متولد شد و تا سن هشت سالگی، در این دهکده، نزد مادر بزرگش زندگی کرد. در سال ١۹۴١ اولین نوشته هایش در روزنامه ای به نام خوونتود که مخصوص شاگردان دبیرستانی بود، منتشر شد. تحصیلات دبیرستانی او با وقفه روبه رو گشت و گارسیا مارکز، یک سال به سوکو رفت.
در آوریل ١۹۶١، «کسی به سرهنگ نامه نمی نویسد» مجدداً چاپ می شد. در همین سال به مکزیک رفت و با زن و فرزند دو ساله اش زندگی کرد. برای فیلم های سینمایی فیلمنامه نوشت. همچنین دستنویس داستان ساعت شوم را به مسابقه ی ملی رمان که در بوگوتا توسط شرکت نفت اسو ترتیب یافته، فرستاد و جایزه ی اول را از آن خود کرد.
در سال ١۹۶۲ کتاب «کسی به سرهنگ نامه نمی نویسد» وی در مکزیک منتشر شد. همچنین ترجمه ی همان کتاب در پاریس. اولین روایت پاییز پدر سالار را هم در همین سال نوشت. در سال ١۹۶۵، نوشتن صد سال تنهایی؛ را آغاز کرد. و در آوریل ١۹۶۸، صد سال تنهایی در بوئنوس آیرس منتشر شد و به موفقیتی فوری و چشمگیر رسید طوری که کتاب به طور مداوم تجدید چاپ می شد.
در بخشی از کتاب وقایع لحظه به لحظه یک قتل از قبل اعلام شده (Chronicle of a Death Foretold) می خوانیم:
سنتیاگوناسار در آن موقع خوابی را که دیده بود برایش تعریف کرده بود اما او چندان اهمیتی به آن درختان در خواب های وی نداده بود. و فقط گفته بود: «هر نوع خوابی در مورد پرنده ها معنی سلامتی را می دهد.
وقتی به این روستای فراموش شده برگشتم وسعی کردم تکه های پخش شده آینه شکسته را مجددا به هم وصل بکنم مادر او را درروی همان ننوی سفری در حال پریشانی و ناتوانی ناشی از کهولت سن یافتم که پسرش را از روی آن نگریسته بود و در همان حالت قرارداشت و در روشنایی کامل نیز به زحمت می توانست اشکال را تشخیص بدهد و مقداری برگ دارویی هم برروی گیج گاه هایش چسبانده بود تا بلکه مقداری از سردرد دائمی اش را تسکین بدهد که پسرش در حین آخرین بار حرکتش در داخل آن اطاق خواب دروی باقی گذاشته بود. و حالا به وی پهلویش دراز کشیده بود و با چسبیدن از طناب های قسمت سر ننوی سفری اش از جایش برمی خاست و در جو نیمه تاریک آنجا نوعی رایحه مذهبی موج می زد. رایحه ای که در صبح روز وقوع جنایت هم به مشام من رسیده و موجب شگفتی ام شده بود.
تازه در آستانه در ورودی آنجا حاضر شده بودم که او با مشاهده من گفت: او هم درست در آنجا ایستاده بود و یکدست لباس کتانی سفید بدون اتو پوشیده بود زیرا پوست بدن وی چندان نرم و لطیف بود که نمی توانست صدای خشک لباس های اتو شده را تحمل بکند.
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Tutti e quattro seguite le impronte anche se solo per un breve tratto , il terreno molliccio finisce più o meno dove notate la prima traccia di sangue sulla parete del magazzino , poi notate più avanti altre macchie di sangue o impronte sulle pareti di altri caseggiati , chiunque fosse ferito si muoveva velocemente ma ogni tanto doveva appoggiarsi forse per riprendere fiato....la serata è
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il bir hastalık olarak ortaya çıkar. Çoğu zaman 15-40 yaş arasında insanlar, zamanında tedavi başlamamış etkiler. piyojenik organizmalar tonsil dokusunda enfekte tonsillerden nüfuz ettiğinde ortaya çıkar. Genellikle tek taraflı.
Flegmonöz boğaz ağrısı belirtileri
- Boğazın bir tarafında keskin, tahammül edilebilen ağrı, yutma hareketlerini önler. Hasta içemiyor bile.
- Yutmaya çalışırken sıvı gıdalar burundan sızabilir.
- Nazal seslerin gelişimi, seslerin söylenmesindeki belirsizlikler.
- Etkilenen taraftan kontraktürün gelişmesi (hareketlerin imkansızlığı). Hasta ağzını açamıyor, başını ağrılı bölgeye doğru eğmek zorunda kalıyor, boynunun dönüşüne karakteristik bir yön veriyor.
- Ağızdan aseton kokusu ile keskin, pürülan,.
- 5.-8. Günde, üst gökyüzünde belirgin bir çıkıntı görülür, ağrılı amigdalaya doğru kaymıştır.
- Bademcikler altında bir apseyi (apse) oluşturmaya başlar, amigdalayı normal konumundan uzaklaştırır.
- Abse olgunlaştıkça, zarı daha incedir, irin iyi görünür hale gelir. Bu durumda, ağızdaki tüm mukoza parlak kırmızı, şişmiş.
- Hastanın genel durumu: zayıflık, baş ağrısı, sıcaklık (41 ° 'ye kadar), kaslarda ağrı, eklemler.
Flegmonöz boğaz ağrısı komplikasyonları
Aşırı veya yanlış reçete edilen tedavi, hastanın hayatını tehdit eden ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. En yaygın olanları şunlardır:
- Diğer dokularda püyün penetrasyonu, boyundaki flegmonun (akut pürülan iltihaplanma) gelişimi, irin kaslara daha fazla nüfuz etmesi.
- Enfeksiyonun kafatasının tabanına, beyin hasarına, menenjite, apse veya beynin trombozuna tırmanması.
- Genel sepsis.
Phlegmonous tonsillitis, insan hayatını tehdit eden ve uzun, titiz bir tedavi gerektiren ciddi bir hastalıktır.
Fibrinli tonsillit
Fibrinöz anjina, lacunar veya foliküler anjinanın bir başka çeşididir. Etkilenen bölgelerdeki bir filmin oluşumundan dolayı adını almıştır. Birkaç saat içinde beklenmedik şekilde hızlı bir şekilde gelişir.
Belirtileri ve fibröz boğaz ağrısı tedavisi
- Sıcaklıkta keskin bir artış, titreme.
- Sıklıkla kulak içine giren boğaz ağrısının ani oluşumu.
- Lenf düğümlerinin ağrılı genişlemesi.
- Genel zehirlenme durumu: kusma, baş dönmesi, vücutta ağrı, bazen - bilinç karışıklığı.
- Yumuşacık sarı-beyaz "adalar" bezlerinin görünüşü, hızla birleşerek bademciklerin tamamını ve bazen de çevreleyen dokuları kapsar.
Oldukça nadir durumlar, bir plağın görünümü hastanın genel sağlığını etkilemediğinde ortaya çıkar. Ancak bu durumda, yardımcı eylemlere ek olarak (durulama, ısınma), hastaya bir antibiyotik tedavisi gösterilir. Çoğu zaman, doktorlar Amoksisilin, Benzilpenisilin ve benzerlerini reçete eder.
Bu antibiyotikleri bir doktorun randevusu olmaksızın birkaç nedenden dolayı kullanmayın.
- Yanlış seçilmiş bir ilaç, enfeksiyonu öldürmeyecek, ancak daha kararlı hale getirecektir.
- Çok yüksek doz sağlık için ve bazen de hastanın ömrü için tehlikeli olabilir.
- Çok düşük doz, mikroorganizmaların antibiyotiklere olan direncini arttırır. Bu durumda tedavi çok zor olabilir.
Fibrilöz anjina komplikasyonları flegmonöz çeşitlilikteki ile aynı olabilir.
Ülseratif nekrotizan anjina
"Anjin" ismine rağmen, hastalığa adenovirüs ve cocci değil, oldukça farklı patojenler neden olur. Hastalığın seyri de vulgar anjine çok benzemez.
Ülseratif nekrotik anjin genellikle zayıflamış bağışıklık temelinde gelişir. Patojeni ağızda şartlı patojen bir floradır. Bu, her kişinin ağzında patojenler dahil olmak üzere belirli sayıda mikroorganizmanın olduğu anlamına gelir. Ancak, sağlıklı bir insanın florası, tüm mikroorganizmaların dengeli bir halde olduğu ve herhangi bir hastalığa yol açmayacak şekilde dengelenir. Bağışıklık bozulduğunda, bazı organizmalar ölürken, diğerleri aktif olarak gelişmeye başlar ve hastalığa neden olur. Yani ülseratif-nekrotik anjina, iğ şeklindeki bir çubuk ve spiroketlerin bir simbiyozundan kaynaklanır. Çoğu zaman, kalp veya kronik hastalıkları olan, dişeti ve dişlerin durumunu izlemeyen kişiler, bir rahatsızlığa açıktır.
Ülseratif-nekrotik boğaz ağrısı belirtileri
- Yutmada rahatsızlık hissi, çok belirgin değildir.
- Ağızdan hoş olmayan-pürülan koku.
- Etkilenen bademcik lenf düğümünde küçük bir artış.
- Amigdalada siyah-yeşil plağın kademeli oluşumu. Çıkarıldığında, bezlerdeki kanama ülserleri açıkça görülebilir.
Dikkat lütfen! Zayıflık, boğaz ağrısı. Ülseratif nekrotik formu olan vulgar (olağan) angina'ya özgü sıcaklık ve diğer belirtiler yoktur! Angina Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent (bu hastalık için başka bir isimdir) bir haftadan birkaç aya kadar sürebilir. Tedavinin yokluğunda, durum kötüleşir, sıcaklık yükselir ve zehirlenme belirtileri ortaya çıkar. Pürülan lezyonlar tüm ağza gidebilir, diş kaybına yol açabilir, sepsis.
Tedavi için geniş profilaktik antibakteriyel ilaçlar, onarıcı ilaçlar reçete edilir. Hastalığın ortadan kaldırılmasında özellikle önemli bir rol yerel bir tedaviye sahiptir: yıkama, özel çözümler ile tedavi, eleme.
Boğaz ağrısı çeşitleri
Bademcikler iltihaplandığında, boğazda kuvvetli bir sıkışma hissi vardır. Angina Latince'den şu şekilde tercüme edildi: sıkıştır, sıkıştır. Bir veya iki palatine bademciklerinin baskın lezyonu ile KBB organlarının enfeksiyöz hastalıkları olarak sınıflandırılır. Nazofarenksin lenfoid dokusunun inflamasyonu ile karakterizedir. Çocuklar, yetişkinlerden 10 yaşından daha sık hastalanırlar. Risk grubunda zayıflamış bağışıklık ve nazofarenksin kronik patolojileri olan yetişkinlerin tüm kategorileri vardır. Hastalığın salgınları sonbahar-ilkbahar döneminde ortaya çıkar.
Makalenin içeriği
nedenleri
Erişkinlerde akut bademcik iltihabının nedeni, temel olarak streptokoklar, stafilokoklar olmak üzere patojenik mikroorganizmalarla enfeksiyondur. Çok daha az sıklıkla, soluk spiroket, adenovirüs, mantar ile enfeksiyon meydana gelir. İnsanlar, havadaki damlacıklar ve hasta bir kişi tarafından kullanılan ev eşyaları yoluyla enfekte olurlar.
Genel hipotermi, ayakların ıslatılması, soğuk yiyecek veya su kullanımı, soğuk bir havuzda banyo yapmak, irritan mikro partiküllerin nazofarenksine girmek bademcik iltihabının gelişimini kışkırtır. Hastalık, faringeal kavite, burun, ağız (rinit, larenjit, frontal sinüs, sinüzit, çürük) enfeksiyonlarına karşı gelişebilir.
Akut tonsillitte çok yüksek bir bulaşma indeksi. Bu, sağlıklı insanların hastalar ile teması en aza indirmesi gerektiği anlamına gelir. Ve hasta bir kişiye bakarken, tüm karantina kurallarına uyun.
sınıflandırma
Anjin sınıflandırması bu prensibe göre gerçekleşir.
- şekiller:
- birincil form - lenfoid farinks halkası etkilenir;
- ikincil form - bademcikler nazofarenks ve sistemik kan hastalıklarının akut enfeksiyonlarında etkilenir;
- Spesifik bir form - palatine bezleri belirli bir enfeksiyondan etkilenir (Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent, mantarların neden olduğu iltihap).
- Lokalizasyon tek taraflı anjina ve bilateraldir. Sırasıyla bir veya iki bezin iltihabı ile karakterizedir.
- Yetişkinlerde aşağıdaki anjina türleri vardır:
- catarrhal angina, aerojenik yayılır, başlangıç ani, diğer tüm anjina türlerinden daha kolay ilerler;
- Laküner formunun gelişiminde rol sadece aerojen iletim yolu oynar, ama kontamine eşyalarla temas. En sık görülen hastalık türleri catarrhal ve lacunar'dır;
- Foliküler anjin, bademciklerin daha önceki bir tür takviyesinden farklıdır, çok ağır bir yoldur. Tedavi edilmezse, yüksek bir komplikasyon riski vardır;
- Hortan anjinası, larenksin tüm yüzeyinde bulunan laringeal ventrikül ve lenf nodlarının lenfoid dokusunun inflamasyonu ile karakterizedir. Hortane anjina submukozal larenjit grubunun bir üyesidir;
- Herpetik tipte enfeksiyon, beslenme yolu ile veya enfekte olmuş nazofaringeal akıntı yoluyla oluşur. Bu türün ana farkı, sıcak mevsimde (yaz, sonbahar) dağılımdır. Bu dönemde, Kosaka virüsü aktive edilir; bu, bu hastalık formunun etken maddesidir;
- fibrozif anjin genellikle lacunar ve foliküler varyantın bir komplikasyonu olarak ortaya çıkar. Daha az sıklıkla bağımsız bir hastalıktır. Diğer türlerden iki ana farklılık vardır: ağız boyunca yayılan ve beyindeki iltihaplanma riskinin yüksek olduğu sarı plak;
- Phlegmonous tonsillitis veya paratonzillit yetişkinlerde çocuklardan daha fazla görülür. Çoğunlukla 20 ila 40 yaş arası genç yaştaki hastalar. Sıklıkla, intratonsillar apse diğer patoloji tiplerinin bir komplikasyonu olarak gelişir;
- ülseratif-membranöz formu, esas olarak HIV ile enfekte kişilerde ve B ve C vitaminleri yüksek olan kişilerde nadirdir;
- sifiliz anjinası - sifilizin tezahürlerinden biri, uzun bir durgun süreç ile karakterizedir. Tedavisi çok zor.
- Anjina atipik (izole) tipleri:
- fungal atipik form Candida'nın maya benzeri mantarlarının etkisi altında gelişir;
- ülseratif nekrotik formun nedensel maddesi spiroket ve iğ şeklindeki çubuktur;
- intratonsillar apse veya flegmonöz form arasındaki ana fark, nedeni sadece patojenik mikrofloranın aktivitesi değil, aynı zamanda larinksin travması olabilir;
- laringeal anjina tüm lenfoid dokuları etkilediği için diğer tüm tiplerden farklıdır, diğer inflamasyon türleri sadece larinksin mukoza zarını etkiler. Enfeksiyona ek olarak, hastalık larenksin bir yanığının arka planında ortaya çıkabilir.
semptomataloji
Enfeksiyon anından ilk semptomların ortaya çıkmasına kadar 10 ila 72 saat arasında geçer. Akut dönem süresi bir haftaya kadardır. Hastalık, atipik: vücutta aşırı kalınlık, kemiklerde ağrı, şiddetli kas ve eklem ağrıları, baş ağrısı hariç olmak üzere, tüm tipler için hemen hemen aynı başlar. Bir süre sonra, sıcaklık yükselir, hasta titriyor, terliyor, yutma zorluğu, bademcikler üzerinde şişme. Semptomlar akut tonsillit tiplerine bağlıdır.
- Yetişkinlerde catarrhal anjinası çocuklardan daha kolaydır. Semptomlara öncülük eden: Boğazda kuruluk ve terleme hissi, baskı karakterinin acısı, yutma ile artma, bezlerin kızarıklığı ve her iki tarafta şişlik olmadan kabarma, zehirlenme. Sıcaklık normal veya 39 dereceye çıkar. Prognoz: Semptomoloji 2-3 gün içinde azalır veya hastalığın ortaya çıkışının ilk saatlerinden itibaren tedavi edilmezse komplikasyonların gelişmesi.
- Laküner seçeneklerinin belirtiler birkaç saat içinde hızla görünür: boğazdaki şiddetli ağrı, bez şiddetli şişme, şiddetli zehirlenme (şiddetli kas, baş ağrısı, eklem ağrısı, kusma, titreme, kırgınlık), ateş, boşlukları submandibuler lenf sarımsı plaket iltihabı. Prognoz: Eğer patolojinin tedavisi zamanında planlanırsa, o zaman belirtileri 2-5 gün sonra kaybolur.
- Foliküler anjin, pürülan türlere refere eder. Gelişimi 40 dereceye varan bir sıcaklık artışı ile keskin bir şekilde meydana gelir, bu da yıkılması güçtür, boğazda dayanılmaz ağrı, kulak içine verilmesi, zehirlenme, servikal lenf düğümlerinin iltihaplanmasıdır. 2-3 günde, bezlerin hiperemi ve foliküllerin takviyesi vardır. Pürülan odaklar birkaç gün içinde bağımsız olarak açılır, onlardan sonra yara izleri vardır. Karakteristik bir özellik, ortalama 12 mm / saat hızla 60 mm / saa ulaşabilen kan ROE göstergesidir. Prognoz: Bir haftada iyileşme veya ciddi sonuçlar (sepsis, romatizma, menenjit, diğerleri).
- Herpetik tipte hastalığın başlıca belirtileri şunlardır: boğazda ağrı, salivasyon, karın ağrısı, ateş, boynun önündeki lenf düğümlerinde artış. Bezlerde ve gökyüzünde, 3-4 gün sonra patlayan kırmızımsı seröz veziküller görülür. Çocuklar yetişkinlerden daha sık hastalanırlar. Prognoz: zamanında tedavi iyileşme sağlayacaktır, aksi takdirde ensefalit, menenjit, miyokardit şeklinde ciddi komplikasyonlar ortaya çıkacaktır.
- Fibröz bademcik iltihabının semptomatolojisi, oral mukoza üzerinde sarı bir kaplama dışında, foliküler veya lacunar tipinin belirtilerine benzerdir. Prognoz: iyileşme, zamanında ve doğru bir şekilde tedavi edilirse veya beynin iltihaplanması şeklinde sonuçlanırsa.
- Gural anjina aşağıdaki tiplere ayrılır:
- Ödemli larenjit - larengeal mukoza şişer, gri veya sarı bir kaplama ile kaplanır;
- infiltratif larenjit - güçlü bir kalınlaşma ve mukoza hiperemi vardır;
- flegmonöz larenjit - mukoza genel inflamasyonunun arka planına karşı larinksin herhangi bir yerinde bir apse gelişir.
Laringeal boğaz ağrısı: boğazda hafif ve kuru hassasiyet, tek taraflı ödem, tek folikül iltihabı, mukozada sarımsı kaplama. Solunum ve sıcaklık normaldir, seste hiçbir değişiklik yoktur.
Laringeal bademcik iltihabı şiddetli seyreden: zehirlenme, ateş, ses kısıklığı, lenf düğümlerinin artışı ve ağrıları, nefes darlığı, yutulduğunda ağrı.
- Fertil form, bademciklerin tek taraflı yenilgisinde, sesin yokluğunda, gök ve salgı bezlerinin şiddetli hiperemisinde, ağızdan hoş olmayan bir koku, pürülan içerikli bir odak oluşumunda diğerlerinden farklıdır. Pürülan odak sadece ameliyatla açılır. Prognoz: yeterli tedavi yoksa, hastanın hayatını tehdit eden sonuçlar olabilir (boyun ya da beyin apsesi, menenjit, sepsis).
- Ulceromembranose tip normal veya düşük dereceli ateş, lenfadenopati, aşırı tükürük, ağrı boğazda, bademcik gri veya sarı kaplama, çürüme ağız kokusu ve nekroz bezleri paratonsillar nekroz ile karakterize edilir. Prognoz: Komplikasyon olmadan bir ila birkaç hafta arasında yavaş akış.
- Nekrotik form, hastanın bilincinin, çok yüksek sıcaklığın karışmasına kadar belirgin semptomlarla karakterizedir. Bezlerdeki plak düzensizdir. Bazen etkilenen odaklar fibrin ile sıkılır, çıkarıldıktan sonra, bir kanama yarası vardır. Prognoz: 1-3 haftada düzelme, amygdala yüzeyinde erozyon oluşur.
- Semptomların döküntüsü olan sifilitik anjina stomatit ve soğuk algınlığına benzem
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الی و عملکرد شبکه های سراسری رادیویی ـ که بیشتر به گسترش آگهی های بازرگانی و افزایش درآمدهای مالی توجه داشتند ـ، با انتقادها و اعتراض های فراوانی روبه رو شد. منتقدان این نوع روزنامه نگاری، با تأکید بر رعایت موازین اخلاقی، خواهان صداقت و راست گویی، احترام به حریم خصوصی افراد، رعایت مقررات حقوقی در انتشار اخبار، تلاش برای حفظ منزلت و شخصیت افراد (بویژه قربانیان جرائم و جنایات اجتماعی)، توجه به حقوق کودکان در انتشار اخبار و آگهی ها و... از سوی روزنامه نگاران بودند. همچنین هدیه دادن و تدارک سفرهای رایگان برای روزنامه نگاران به منظور شرکت در نشست های و رویدادهای ورزشی (که به نوعی خوشگذرانی تلقی می شدند) نیز از سال 1870 از سوی منتقدان رسانه ای مورد تقبیح واقع شد و بدین ترتیب، بنیان مطبوعات آزاد (بی طرف) بنا نهاده شد.
نخستین تلاش ها در زمینۀ آموزش روزنامه نگاری به منظور کاهش سوء استفاده های اخلاقی از رسانه ها در دهۀ 1890 شکل گرفت که بعدها در دهۀ 1920 در قالب حرکتی گسترده تر به راه اندازی رشتۀ روزنامه نگاری در دانشگاه ها منجر شد. همچنین چهار کتاب که از مهم ترین منابع موجود در حوزۀ اخلاق روزنامه نگاری به شمار می آیند نیز دستاورد همین دوره بودند که عبارت اند از: «اخلاق روزنامه نگاری» اثر «نلسون کرافورد» (1924)، «وجدان روزنامه» از «لئون فلینت» (1925)، «اخلاق روزنامه» اثر «ویلیام گیبون» (1926) و «اخلاق و آداب روزنامه نگاری» از «آلبرت هنینگ» (1932). تمام این منابع از لحاظ محتوا مشابه بودند و تمرکز اصلی آنها بر روی موضوعاتی چون: گزارش گران و منابع خبری، وسوسه های مالی و تضاد منافع، امنیت ملی، مطبوعات آزاد (بی طرف)، فریبکاری، انصاف، دقت، احساس گرایی، و احترام به حریم خصوصی بود.7
در کنار راه اندازی مراکز آموزش روزنامه نگاری، برای نخستین بار در این دوره بود که تلاش هایی در خصوص تهیه و تدوین اصول اخلاقی حرفۀ روزنامه نگاری از سوی روزنامه نگاران کشورهای اسکاندیناوی (نروژ در سال 1912، سوئد در 1916 و فنلاند در سال 1919) صورت گرفت. در سال 1918 «سندیکای ملی روزنامه نگاران فرانسوی» نیز مجموعه ای از مقررات اخلاقی را با عنوان «منشور وظایف روزنامه نگاران» تصویب کرد که این اصول در حال حاضر هم (البته با اصلاحاتی که در سال 1938 بر روی آن اعمال شد) مورد حمایت واحترام تمام سازمان های حرفه ای روزنامه نگاران فرانسه است.
3. اواسط دهۀ 1920 تا اوایل دهۀ1970
هیچ یک از تحولاتی که تا دهۀ 1920در حوزۀ اخلاق روزنامه نگاری رخ داد (اعم از: رشد پژوهشگری در حوزۀ مطبوعات، رشد انجمن های حرفه ای با مرام نامه های خاص اخلاقی و همچنین افزایش روزنامه نگاران مستقلی که اصول اخلاقی را به عنوان اولویت کاری خود قرار می دادند)، نتوانستند در برابر موج «طبیعت گرایی علمی» که از دهۀ 1930 در مراکز علمی به راه افتاده بود، مقاومت کنند و یا از مرگ اخلاق گرایی در این حوزه پیش گیری نمایند. بدین ترتیب، بعد از آخرین کتاب «کرافورد» ـ که در سال 1932 منتشر شد ـ، اصطلاح «اصول اخلاقی» و هم خانواده های آن نیز به مدت 40 سال از عناوین کتاب های ارتباطات جمعی در امریکای شمالی کنار گذاشته شد و به جای آن علوم طبیعی که به عنوان هدف غایی برنامۀ کاری محافل علمی (از جمله در حوزۀ ارتباطات) تعریف شده بود، شروع به گسترش و ترویج شیوه ها و اصول خاص خودش در قالب «روزنامه نگاری عینی» نمود. البته آن طور که «استفان وارد» (2004)، معتقد است روزنامه نگاری عینی، هم به عنوان متدولوژی (روش شناسی) و هم نوعی استاندارد اخلاقی به شمار می آمد؛ چرا که تعاریفی که برای این نوع خاص از روزنامه نگاری ارائه شده است، به نوعی، حاوی اصول اخلاقی نیز هست.
اوّلین زمزمه ها در مورد عینیت گرایی در اخبار، از سوی «والتر لیپمن» مطرح شد. او در کتاب خود به نام «افکار عمومی» ـ که در سال 1922 منتشر شد ـ، روزنامه نگاری عینی را «تأثیر ندادن احساسات و تمایلات شخصی و رعایت بی طرفی کامل در کسب و انتشار اخبار» معرفی کرد. به موازات کوشش های لیپمن، «انجمن امریکایی مدیران روزنامه ها» نیز در سال 1923 برای پشتیبانی از روزنامه نگاری عینی، به تدوین اصول اخلاقی و شرافتی حرفۀ روزنامه نگاری در قالب «اصول اخلاقی انجمن مدیران روزنامه های امریکا» اقدام کردند که به موجب آن، حقیقت جویی و صحت گرایی، استقلال و بی طرفی و همچنین احترام به حیثیت فردی و نیز احساس مسئولیت در برابر مصالح عمومی، از مهم ترین مبانی حرفه ای روزنامه نگاری عینی معرفی شد. اهمیت اصل عینیت اخبار و گزارش های خبری، از دهۀ 1940 مورد توجه جدّی قرار گرفت.
زیر چتر طبیعت گرایی علمی، اخلاق روزنامه نگاری، معادل گزارش بی طرفانه از اطلاعات خنثی قلمداد گردید. معرفی حقایق بدون آب و تاب دادن به آنها به عنوان استاندارد عملکرد خوب در نظر گرفته شد و تصمیم گیری در مورد این که این حقایق چه معنایی می توانند داشته باشند، به مخاطبان واگذار گردید و این طور به نظر می رسید دوره ای که در آن نهادهای ارزش مدار، اصول اخلاقی را تعیین می کردند، به نفع یک محیط حرفه ای و علمی ـ که به یک جهان بینی علمی ملتزم بود ـ، کنار گذاشته شده بود. برای مثال «لورنس مورفی» در سال 1924، تنها رویکرد علمی در اخبار را پرهیز از تعصب می دانست. او با تکیه بر خرد انسانی و به کارگیری اصول علمی، تأکید می کرد که حقایق باید به آینه واقعیت در اخبار تبدیل شوند. شکل گیری «سبک هرم وارونه» که بر اساس پاسخ گویی به پرسش های ششگانۀ (چه؟ چرا؟ چگونه؟ کجا؟ کی؟ و که؟) به منظور انطباق هر چه بیشتر اخبار و گزارش ها با اصل عینیت شکل گرفت نیز حاصل همین دوره است.
هر چند در دهه های 1930 تا 1970، تنها مدل های خنثی و بی طرفانه بودند که حرف آخر را می زدند، امام کم کم نگرانی هایی نیز در خصوص اصول اخلاقی و دفاع از روزنامه نگاری ذهنی (عقیدتی) ابراز شد که از جمله مهم ترین آنها می توان به گزارش کمیسیون آزادی مطبوعات در سال 1948 در خصوص پیشبرد مسئولیت اجتماعی و به منظور اعتباربخشی مجدد به فعالیت های وسایل ارتباط جمعی اشاره کرد. این کمیسیون، در گزارش نهایی خود که با عنوان «مطبوعات آزاد و مسئول» در سال 1947 منتشر شد، با تأکید بر مسئولیت اجتماعی رسانه ها، آنها را ملزم به ارائۀ اخبار و گزارش های عینی و قابل درک و هوشمندانه از رویدادهای روز، تبادل تفسیرها و انتقادها، تصویرهای معرف گروه های مختلف جامعه و توجه به ارزش ها و آرمان ها و همچنین ضعف ها و خطاهای آنها و نیز خودداری از عرضۀ تصویرهای کلیشه ای از آنها، معرفی هدف ها و ارزش های جامعه با پرهیز از تحریک احساسات و دستکاری افکار عمومی و در نهایت ایجاد زمینۀ مساعد برای دستیابی کامل به اطلاعات روز می کرد. از دیگر تلاش های صورت گرفته در این دوره می توان به «اعلامیۀ بوردو» که در سال 1954 از سوی «فدراسیون بین المللی روزنامه نگاران» در خصوص وظایف اخلاقی و رفتار حرفه ای روزنامه نگاران منتشر شد اشاره کرد. همچنین «اعلامیۀ مونیخ» که در سال 1971 از سوی نمایندگان سندیکاها و اتحادیه های روزنامه نگاری شش کشور عضو جامعۀ اقتصادی اروپا «اتحادیۀ اروپای کنونی» با عنوان «اعلامیۀ مربوط به وظایف و حقوق روزنامه نگاران» منتشر شد و نیز قطعنامۀ مصوب سال 1962 «سازمان بین المللی روزنامه نگاران» و اعلامیۀ سال 1976 «فدراسیون روزنامه نگاران امریکای لاتین» دربارۀ اصول اخلاق حرفه ای روزنامه نگاری هم از جمله دیگر فعالیت های قابل توجه این دوره هستند.
4. دهۀ 1980 به بعد
این دوره را ـ که با تلاش کشورهای جهان سوم به منظور برقراری «نظم نوین جهانی اطلاعات و ارتباطات» برای ایجاد تعادل و برابری در تبادل اطلاعات بین کشورهای جهان سوم و توسعه یافته همراه بود ـ، می توان به عنوان نقطۀ عطفی در بازنگری و تحول اصول اخلاق رسانه ای دانست. دو رویداد مهمی که زمینه ساز این بازنگری شدند، «گزارش مک براید» ـ که در سال 1980 از سوی سازمان علمی، آموزشی و فرهنگی سازمان ملل متحد (یونسکو) ارائه شد ـ، و «آموزش اصول اخلاقی در مراکز آموزش عالی» بودند.
«شن مک براید» در گزارش خود تحت عنوان «یک جهان، چندین صدا: به سوی نظم نوین جهانی اطلاعات و ارتباطات» پیشنهاد کرد که به منظور برقراری تعادل و فراهم آمدن فرصت های برابر، در تمام کشورهای در حال توسعۀ جهان، آموزش با کیفیت روزنامه نگاری ارائه شود. به دنبال انتشار این گزارش، موضوع تدوین و تصویب مجموعۀ مقررات بین المللی اخلاق حرفه ای روزنامه نگاری، مطرح گردید و در نهایت در سال 1983 این اصول اخلاقی، با عنوان «اعلامیۀ یونسکو دربارۀ رسانه ها» از سوی بیشتر کشورهای عضو این سازمان به تصویب رسید. این اعلامیه، شامل 10 اصل بود که در آن به ترتیب؛ «حقوق خلق ها در مورد اطلاعات حقیقی»، «وابستگی روزنامه نگار به واقعیت عینی»، «مسئولیت اجتماعی روزنامه نگار»، «صحت عمل حرفه ای روزنامه نگار»، «دستیابی و مشارکت مخاطبان در زمینه های اخبار و اطلاعات»، «احترام به زندگی خصوصی و شرافت انسانی»، «احترام به منافع عمومی»، «احترام به ارزش های جهانی و گوناگونی فرهنگ ها»، «از میان بردن جنگ و مصائب دیگر بشریت»، «پیشبرد نظم نوین جهانی اطلاعات و ارتباطات» مورد تأکید قرار گرفت.
یکی از تأثیرگذارترین رویدادهایی که به تثبیت اصول اخلاقی در رسانه های امریکایی کمک زیادی کرد، به «مرکز هاستینگ نیویورک» مربوط می شود. این مرکز بین سال های 1978 تا 1980، گسترده ترین مطالعه ای که تا آن زمان در خصوص اصول اخلاق حرفه ای انجام شده بود را در آموزش عالی امریکا انجام داد و نتایج آن ـ که در سال 1980 در چندین جلد جزوه و مقاله منتشر شدند ـ، پایه و اساس اصول اخلاق حرفه ای و کاربردی روزنامه نگاری را بنا نهادند. بر این اساس، اشتغال در رسانه ها نیز مانند مشاغلی چون پزشکی، حقوق، تجارت و مهندسی، تحت نظارت اصول اخلاق کاربردی قرار گرفت. همزمان با رشد سریع شکل گیری اصول اخلاق حرفه ای در حوزه های مختلف در دهۀ 1980، رسانه ها نیز از این جریان عقب نماندند، به طوری که در یک دورۀ طلایی بین سال های 1983 تا 1993، شاخص دوره های آموزشی اخلاق رسانه ای در مراکز آموزش عالی امریکا نزدیک به 100درصد افزایش نشان دادند.
مطالعات پژوهشی بر روی اخلاق رسانه ای در سه دهۀ گذشته از روند رو به رشد بالایی برخوردار بوده است. پیش آهنگ حرکت دراین زمینه، «نشریۀ اصول اخلاقی رسانه های جمعی» بود که در سال 1985 شروع به انتشار کرد. یکی از نقاط اوج مربوط به اصول اخلاق رسانه ای در سال 1987 در شهر «بوستون» در قالب «مجلۀ اخلاق رسانه ای» شکل گرفت که یکی از دستاوردهای «کالج امرسون» بود و مجموعۀ اقدامات، آموزش ها و پژوهش های صورت گرفته در سطح بین المللی در حوزۀ اصول اخلاقی را پوشش می داد. گواه رشد در این حوزه، نشریۀ دیگری با عنوان «فضای اخلاقی: نشریۀ بین المللی اخلاق ارتباطات» بود که در سال 2004 در انگلیس بنیان نهاده شد.
در پایان و به عنوان نتیجه گیری می توان گفت سیر تکاملی اخلاق رسانه ای که از دهۀ 1980 به اوج خود رسید، امروزه با پیدایش تکنولوژی ها و فرصت های جدید ارتباطی، وارد مرحلۀ تازه ای از حیات خود شده است؛ به طوری که شاید بتوان گفت در حال حاضر، مرحلۀ گذار به پارادایم جدیدی در حوزۀ اخلاق رسانه ای را سپری می کنیم. پارادایمی که با ظهور رسانه های متعامل، روزنامه نگاری شهروندی، تکثر منابع اطلاعاتی و... همراه است که در مقالات بعدی به آنها بیشتر خواهیم پرداخت.
پی نوشت ها:
1. The Ethics
2. The Moral
3. معتمدنژاد، کاظم، اصول اخلاقی حرفۀ روزنامه نگاری، فصلنامۀ رسانه، ش 66، تابستان 1385، ص35.
4. همان، ص39.
5. اسماعیلی، محسن، تعامل حقوق و اخلاق در رسانه ها، فصلنامۀ رسانه، ش 66، تابستان 1385، ص10.
6. معتمدنژاد، کاظم، اصول اخلاقی حرفۀ روزنامه نگاری، فصلنامۀ رسانه، ش 66، تابستان 1385، ص44.
7. The Encyclopedia of Journalism, Christopher H. Sterling, SAGE Publications, 2009, P<|endoftext|>Putin, Rusya'daki orman yangınlarıyla ilgili durumun kötüleşebileceğini söyledi
Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin, ülkesindeki orman yangınlarıyla ilgili gerekli tüm tedbirlerin alınması talimatı vererek, “Orman yangınlarının yalnızca Rusya'nın Avrupa bölgesinde değil doğusunda da kötüleşme tehlikesi var.” dedi.
Putin, Rusya'nın başta Moskova yakınlarındaki Ryazan olmak üzere çeşitli bölgelerinde devam eden orman yangınlarıyla ilgili yetkililerle video konferans yöntemiyle toplantı gerçekleştirdi.
Ryazan'ın yanı sıra Mariy El ve Nijnıy Novgorod bölgelerinde orman yangınlarının zorlu bir durum yarattığına işaret eden Putin, "Ryazan'daki yangınlar, güçlü rüzgar nedeniyle yayılmaya devam ediyor. Bu nedenle yangınların söndürülmesi ve hasarı en aza indirmek için gerekli tüm önlemleri almanızı rica ediyorum." diye konuştu.
Rusya'daki yangınların ülkenin doğusunda da zorlu koşullar yaratabileceği uyarısında bulunan Putin, "Orman yangınlarının yalnızca Rusya'nın Avrupa bölgesinde değil doğusunda da kötüleşme tehlikesi var." dedi.
Başkent Moskova civarında da hava kirliliğine yol açan yangınlar nedeniyle Ryazan'da 22 Ağustos'ta "acil durum" ilan edilmişti.
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Sapevi che il corpo umano è composto da 206 ossa che compongono lo scheletro del corpo. Lo scheletro del corpo è costituito da vari tipi di ossa che hanno diverse funzioni e forme per svolgere il lavoro del corpo.
Si noti che ci sono ossa che possono essere spostate e ci sono ossa che non sono in grado di muoversi.
Bene, un esempio di un osso mobile è l'osso del polso.
Osso del polso
Quali sono le ossa del polso?
Le ossa del polso sono ossa che si trovano nelle aree del polso e del gomito e hanno i muscoli per muovere le mani.
Questo osso appartiene al tipo di osso corto o carpale. Come suggerisce il nome, queste ossa sono rotonde e corte. Ad esempio, come le ossa del polso, ci sono anche ossa corte nelle ossa della caviglia e nelle vertebre.
Il polso è composto da otto ossa corte classificate come ossa dure. Le ossa del polso sono formate da cellule ossee che hanno canali trasversali pieni di vasi sanguigni.
La forte e robusta struttura ossea del polso contiene un composto sotto forma di carbonato di calcio e fosfato di calcio che si ottiene attraverso il flusso sanguigno.
Bene, quali sono i componenti dell'osso del polso, ecco la spiegazione.
Contenitori per ossa del polso
Le ossa del polso sono composte da otto ossa che sono collegate all'ulna (osso hasta) e al raggio (l'osso del plettro).Leggi anche: Questa è una spiegazione della scienza dietro i Giochi asiatici del 2018, incredibile!
Per maggiori dettagli sulla posizione dei costituenti dell'osso del polso, ecco una spiegazione
- Lo scafoide ( schapoideum ) si trova sul bordo radiale e si trova sul lato laterale del pollice
- Il capitato ( capitatum ) si trova nella
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Facts. The first Buffalo nickels were released on February 22, 1913, and drew praise for its decidedly American themes. The V Nickels were produced from 1883 to 1913 and it's metal content is 75% copper and 25% nickel. Determining if your coin is Type I or Type II raises or lowers the value. Are you concerned the precious metals train has left the station without you? Ambassador and Mrs. R. Henry Norweb were among those in attendance in Cairo and wanted to buy the 1913. Of course, the older the Buffalo Nickel the better, but the age by itself does not determine value. $83.63. A very popular series with collectors, each coin is evaluated closely to identify its full potential. Type: Buffalo Nickel Year: 1913 Mint Mark: S Face Value: 0.05 USD Total Produced: 3,314,000 [ Silver Content: 0% Numismatic Value: $47 to $1750.00 Value: As a rough estimate of this coins value you can assume this coin in average condition will be valued at somewhere around $47, while one in certified mint state (MS+) condition could bring as much as $1,750 at auction. Achieving the best 1913 nickel value is a combination of date, mintmark and finding a coin in higher than average condition. This Buffalo Nickel was made in 1913 and hasS as the current mink mark. The 1913 Liberty Head nickel is an American five-cent piece which was produced in extremely limited quantities unauthorized by the United States Mint, making it one of the best-known and most coveted rarities in American numismatics. The simple answer is because some persons are willing to pay extreme amounts of money for rare items, even if they are stolen, or in some cases even the item might be a fraud. $4.20 shipping. 1913-D Buffalo Nickel Variety 2 Type II. On the 1913 3-1/2 Nickel, much of the front leg is missing, but it has not been completely effaced as on the 1937-D Three-Legged. Buffalo Nickel Overview / History. In 1996, numismatic history was made as Jay Parino paid over 1 million dollars for the Eliasberg specimen of the 1913 liberty nickel. A nickel in this condition shows absolutely no evidence of wear, it appears brand new. Definition: The Type I “Buffalo” nickel had the words FIVE CENTS placed on the side of the mound upon which the buffalo stands. This page also shows coins listed for sale so you can buy and sell. Gem Buffalos are best described as... No wear, full strike bringing up all details of design, outstanding eye appeal and the slightest of contact marks to the surface. It is an excellent index with images and text links to coin series, from Cents to Gold. 1913 P Buffalo Nickel Value. Was: $69.99. Type: Buffalo Nickel Year: 1913 Mint Mark: S Face Value: 0.05 USD Total Produced: 3,314,000 Silver Content: 0% Numismatic Value: $47 to $1750.00 Value: As a rough estimate of this coins value you can assume this coin in average condition will be valued at somewhere around $47, while one in certified mint state (MS+) condition could bring as much as $1,750 at auction. The two varieties are raised mound and flat mound. Shield Nickels (1866-1883) – There are two types of shield nickels. $149.00. The value of a buffalo nickel depends on the condition of the nickel as well as the year it was minted. The name “Buffalo Nickel” is actually a misnomer, as the animal appearing on the reverse is in fact a bison and not a buffalo. (ONE) BoA SF Buffalo Nickel Roll 40 Coins - 1913 1938 P D S. $59.49. Liberty V Nickel Value By Date. The 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel (Buy on eBay) was struck in slightly higher numbers, with production of 30,992,000 at Philadelphia, 5,337,000 at Denver, and 2,105,000 at San Francisco. The 1913-D Type 2 Buffalo nickel is a scarce key-date coin, with far fewer available examples than the issue’s mintage figure may suggest. V Nickels (1883-1913) V Nickels (1883-1913) The Liberty Head Nickel, also called the V Nickel, takes its nickname from the coin’s reverse design showing a large Roman numeral indicating its face value. The date is readable although a merging of numbers is typical. The first year the V-Nickel had no CENTS stamped on the reverse, the preceding years from 1884 to 1913 the word CENTS appears on the reverse bottom middle. 1913 Ty-1 Buffalo Nickel Nice BRILLIANT UNCIRCULATED 5c. There are a few other coins in the mix that you will want to be aware of. Series collectors want one example of each of the date-and-mintmark combinations from 1913. These coins do not contain any silver or … FocusontheUser.org has roughly calculated the 1913 P Buffalo Nickel value at roughly $13, one in certified mint state (MS+) could be worth $175. 15 x.05 is.75 or 75 cents. Most Americans found favor with the design, and huge numbers of these coins were saved as souvenirs. (ONE) BoA SF Buffalo Nickel Roll 40 Coins - 1913 1938 P D S. $59.49. 1913-S Type 2 Buffalo Nickel (G-4 Condition) The blue line above tracks the percent change since Year 2000 of the 1913-S Type 2 Buffalo Nickel. Buffalo nickels were struck from 1913 through 1938. On p. 17 of the January 1921 issue of The Numismatist, under heading, “The Rare 1913 Nickel.,” is shown: “The value of $600 placed some months ago on the 1913 Liberty head type nickel, in proof condition, seems to have advanced, as the following letter from Mr. S.W. Otherwise, the value of a V Nickel depends largely on its scarcity and date—an 1889 V Nickel in good condition can be priced around $10, while fair market value for an 1885 V Nickel in uncirculated condition can be upwards of $1,500. Only five specimens are confirmed to exist, although there is an intriguing hint that there might be a sixth. Buffalo Nickel Series (1913) The Type II “Buffalo” nickel had the mound partially cut away, creating an exergue for the words FIVE CENTS. Walton was killed in a 1962 car crash with the coin in his possession. Covering the Nickel series from Shield nickels, Liberty, Buffalo and Jefferson nickels. Find the current Liberty Nickel values by year, coin varieties, and specific grade. It is known that dies had been produced for a 1913 Liberty Nickel, as the decision had not been finalized to produce the Indian Head Nickel. Otherwise, the value of a V Nickel depends largely on its scarcity and date—an 1889 V Nickel in good condition can be priced around $10, while fair market value for an 1885 V Nickel in uncirculated condition can be upwards of $1,500. ← Calculate the value of your own coins. Also, two different varieties of reverse designs were part of the 1913 nickel. Today, these nickels are worth millions of dollars. In 2003, one coin was sold for under three million dollars. Like other coin types, V Nickel values can vary … 1937 D Buffalo Nickel 3 Legged Reverse. With an exciting start, a new design change began in 1913 introducing the Buffalo nickel. The depictions on both the obverse and reverse sides of the Buffalo nickel were created using real-life models. Only major details of design remain on the obverse and reverse, producing a distinct flattening of appearance. 1949 Nickel Value Guide: All 1949 Nickels Are Worth 2x To 3x Face Value… Some Are Worth Over $1,000! In the world of coin collecting today, one of the most sought after of rare coins is the 1913 Liberty Head Nickel. Value of Old Nickels. Value charts, grading images and descriptions uncover how much your box of old coins is worth. The main mint in Philadelphia did not use a mintmark. Was: $299.99. Buffalo Nickel 1930-S Reverse. This hoarding only increased when the reverse was modified a few months later. 1937 D Buffalo Nickel 3 Legged Obverse. It catalogs around $100. Ending Saturday at 10:37AM PST 6d 2h. Grading the 1913 Buffalo Nickel. James Earle Fraser's new nickel debuted in late winter of 1913 amid much fanfare. or Best Offer. The 1913 buffalo nickel came in two varieties with three mints each producing both. 1916-1938 BUFFALO NICKEL MINTAGE AND COLLECTIBLE VALUES (USD) The "Year" column lists the year and mint mark on the coin -- D is for Denver, S is for San Francisco, and P is for Philadelphia. 2020 (P) American Silver Eagles: A New Modern Rarity. 1913 Ty-1 Buffalo Nickel Nice BRILLIANT UNCIRCULATED 5c. Seeing as the Nickel was an incredibly useful coin for American citizens, those that have … Grading the 1913 Buffalo Nickel. And collectors of first-year coins also appreciate the significance of the 1913 Buffalo nickel. Click here to Learn How to use Coin Price Charts. (If you see a no date Buffalo Nickel and the reverse is Type 1 then it’s dated 1913). The Buffalo nickel depicts a Native American on its obverse (heads side) and an American bison on its reverse (tails side). Buffalo Nickel Value. What This Coin Looks Like (Obverse, Reverse, Mint Mark Location, Special Features, etc. These five-cent pieces were minted for circulation by the U.S. Mint from 1883 to 1913. Shield Nickels. Coin Values Moving with Precious Metals: Up-Dated 1/4/2021: Gold $1929 | Silver $27.29. Type I Buffalo nickels show the bison standing on a hill, while Type II Buffalo nickels show the bison on a flat line. If you really have one, call the newspapers and television stations right … Type I issues minted at Philadelphia are worth $11 in Good-4, $14 in Very Good-8, and $16 in Fine-12. Minted from 1913 through 1938, the Buffalo nickel has a particularly romantic lore attached to it, largely due to the fact that the coin has a rugged, all-American design, which was created by James Earle Fraser. Due to inflation, the purchasing power of the nickel continues to drop, and currently the coin represents less than 1% of the federal hourly minimum wage. Plus a list of 1953 nickel values (hint: your 1953 nickel is worth at least twice face value!) or Best Offer. Buffalo Nickel value for proofs begins $700 but the 1927 SP is worth $50,0000 and up. Free shipping. Like other coin types, V-Nickel values can vary significantly based on condition and date. A heavily worn coin with a readable date is worth well above face value. Liberty Nickel, MS | Liberty Nickel, PR. The exception is the 1912-D, it’s beginning value is under $10 but rises fast as the grade increases. These five-cent pieces were minted from 1883 to 1913. ): USA Coin Book Estimated Value of 1913 Buffalo Nickel is Worth $15 in Average Condition and can be Worth $49 to $63 or more in Uncirculated (MS+) Mint Condition. Buffalo Nickels were minted for a long time, but the first edition is still the most popular year. The Liberty Head Nickel, also called the V Nickel, takes its nickname from the coin’s reverse design showing a large Roman numeral indicating its face value.
Baking With Red Currants, Touch Switch 12v, Miracle Sealants 511 Seal And Enhance Reviews, Speech Therapy Evaluation Report Examples, Where To Sell Star Wars Trading Cards, Werner Ladder Outlet, Samsung Da29-00020b Lowes, Mr Bean's Baby, Nmr Questions And Answers, Itik Price In Philippines, What Is A Fjord,<|endoftext|>براساس آژانس خبری آنلاین در آخرین روز فوریه 2021 و سایت پرتغالی “GloPoint” بهترین های لیگ فوتبال پرتغال را در این ماه معرفی کرد و بهترین ها در هر موقعیت در زمین فوتبال به مصرف کننده در ماه فوریه فارغ التحصیل شدند.
در اوج تیم ، اما این چیزی نیست جز مهدی تارم مهاجم ، تیم فوتبال ایران در این بازیکن ، چله ، آبی و سفید بازی کرد و در تیم پیشنهادی در چند سال اخیر یک درگائو عالی به ثمر رسانده است هفته ها
WORM دارای دو نماینده در سمت بندر تیم Sergio Oliveira در فوریه است ، این تیم امتیازات بالاتری را کسب کرده است. امتیاز نمره Sergio WORM 6.51 تا 6.50 است.
او می گوید دلیل انتخاب تیم WORM در لیگ برتر پرتغال انتخاب شده است ، سایت GolPoint می نویسد: WORM نماینده پورتو است. و ماه گذشته و قادر به بازگشت به تیم بالای خط حمله خود است. در ماه فوریه ، او دو گل و دو پاس گل داد و در 50٪ گلهای پورت در لیگ نقش مهمی داشت. در این ماه ، هدف دشمنانش ، اما نه فراتر از آن ، بازیکن باید به تارما برسد. و میانگین 3.8 شوت در هر بازی و به تیمش کمک کرد تا فاصله را به عنوان مجموع برتری بنفیکا حفظ کند. و نه فقط از بنفیکا نونز داروین (1.8 در هر بازی) برای بیشترین شوت های دروازه (1.5 در هر بازی) و سوم در جدول رده بندی ، با بیشترین لذت در زمان حمله.
256 251<|endoftext|>ALTERNATE NAMES: Kartvelebi; Gurji
POPULATION: 5–5.4 million (total population); 3.8 million are ethnic Georgians
RELIGION: Georgian Orthodoxy
The people we know as Georgians call themselves the Kartvelebi and they call their country Sa-kartvel-o , literally, "the land of the Kartvelebi."
Georgia is strategically located at a crossroads between Europe and Asia. Through the centuries, it has been invaded and settled by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Turkish tribes, Arabs, Mongols, and Russians. Georgia was also on one of the branches of the Silk Road, which carried trade from China and India to Europe. So the Georgian people have been influenced by many cultures, both Asian and European. The Georgians' architecture, language, literature, and cooking draw upon Persian, Arabic, Greek, and Russian sources. Georgians probably developed a national identity around the tenth century AD . At that time the Bagratid dynasty founded an independent and powerful Georgian nation. The Georgians resemble Greeks and Turks in appearance, and they think of themselves as an Eastern Mediterranean culture.
Georgia covers 27,657 square miles (71,632 square kilometers), about twice the area of Belgium. The Greater Caucasian mountain range rises in the north and the Southern Georgian Highlands in the south. Two- thirds of Georgian territory is mountainous. Between the mountains lie fertile lowlands with orchards and vineyards. Most of the land can be farmed.
Ethnic Georgians number 3.8 million and make up 70 percent of the population in Georgia. Ethnic groups, including the Abkhazians and the Adjarians, make up the rest of the population of Georgia, which was part of the former Soviet Union (1921–91). The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi.
Georgian is part of the South Caucasian family of languages: Zan (Mengrelo-Chan), Svan, and Georgian proper (Kartuli). It does not belong to any of the world's major language categories, such as Indo-European or Semitic. Over 98 percent of Georgians consider Georgian their native tongue. Business, political, and cultural activities are conducted in Georgian.
Although it has borrowed many words from Arabic, Turkic, Persian, and Russian, Georgian has remained distinctive. For example, "father" in Georgian is mama and "mother" is deda. Georgian is rich in words connected with agriculture, winemaking, and metalworking. These are areas in which Georgians have specialized for a long time. For example, all metals have native words, not borrowing from Latin or some other language. For example, gold is okro , silver is vertskhli , brass is titberi , and copper is spilendzi.
Everyday terms in Georgian include gamardzhobut (hello), ki (yes), ara (no), getakhvat (please), madlobt (thank you), and nakhvamdis (good-bye).
Georgian folklore is rich in magicians, beasts, heroes, and spirits. Many are preserved in song, and in popular customs and superstitions. Some of the favorite characters in Georgian folk tales are mzetunakhavi (the most beautiful woman in the world), modzalade devi (a violent beast, sometimes with three heads), and natsarkekia (a ne'erdo-well, or a person who cannot do anything worthwhile).
A well-known Georgian legend is about the location of the capital, Tbilisi. According to the legend, King Vakhtang Gorgasali ( AD 452–502) was hunting on the site of present-day Tbilisi. He wounded a deer. As the deer was bleeding to death, it fell into a warm sulfur spring. The spring water instantly cleansed and healed the wound, and the deer ran off into the woods. The king inspected the spring. Because he was pleased with the healing power of the water, he decided to settle there.
Another famous Georgian legend tells of two Georgian Jews, Elioz Karsneli and Longinoz Mtskheteli, who witnessed the crucifixion of Jesus. At the moment that Jesus died on the cross in Jerusalem, the mother of Longinoz died as well. The two men returned from Jerusalem and brought the tunic of Jesus back with them. The sister of Elioz died when she held the tunic next to her heart. According to the legend, the tunic is buried somewhere in Mtskheta, which is just north of Tbilisi.
Georgians are very superstitious. In the countryside one still can see trees with ribbons tied to them, each ribbon standing for a wish. Before setting off on a trip, Georgians often sit on their suitcase for a few seconds to ensure a safe journey. If a knife falls off a table, Georgians believe they will have a male guest.
The country's great variety of ethnic groups is reflected in its variety of religions. The religion of most Georgians is Georgian Orthodoxy, a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy. St. George is the patron saint of Georgia.
The Georgian Orthodoxy service is very similar to that of most other Eastern churches. There is a
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two communities whose lands it seeks to enter-Shintuya and Puerto Luz, at the eastern and western ends of the seismic lines, respectively-and the Amarakaeri reserve's governing council, known as the Administrative Contract Executive (ECA). Hunt has no deal with Puerto Luz, and a tentative deal with the ECA is now in question.
"Laws are being systematically ignored by the company and the government," Corisepa charges. "The Peruvian state has a hydrocarbon policy that violates the rights of indigenous communities. This is what the Amazon uprising was about."
At a September 13 meeting at FENAMAD's Puerto Maldonado office, leaders from the 10 communities bordering the Amarakaeri reserve met privately to hash out their position, then invited three Hunt Oil representatives to receive their declaration. The atmosphere in the small thatched-roof conference room was tense.
Three communities, Shintuya, Puerto Luz, and Diamante, dissented from the decision to issue a declaration opposing the project. Nonetheless, the joint statement from FENAMAD and the ECA opposing the Hunt-Repsol presence in the reserve demanded that "this decision be respected by the state as well as the said companies."
Anoshka, a Harakmbut leader from the community of Masenawa who is also a popular singer on the local cumbia circuit, gave the most impassioned statement. "I plead with you from my heart to respect our desire," she said, directly addressing the Hunt representatives. "A majority of our communities have decided no. The conflicts you are sowing among us will not succeed, but you are already causing damage to our communities."
Speaking of the Amarakaeri reserve's management plan ostensibly drawn up with input from the 10 communities, she added: "The master plan said the communities favor the oil company. This is a lie and we will never accept this."
The master plan, drawn up by the government natural-resources agency, is strongly contested. Although the ECA signed off on it, many Harakmbut charge the communities were not informed of last-minute changes that afforded oil companies easier access to resource exploitation in the most sensitive area of the reserve. Also at issue is the plan's "recommendation" that the ECA accept any hydrocarbon contracts that the state permits in the reserve.
FENAMAD is especially concerned about the status of the high jungle in the south of the reserve, near the border with Cuzco region, which protects the watersheds of several tributaries of the Río Madre de Dios that run through the reserve. FENAMAD argues that under Peru's Water Law, this area should be a strict protection zone, which would bar resource exploitation there. Instead, it was reclassified as a zona silvestre, affording a lower level of protection.
Equally controversial is the environmental-impact study produced for the Hunt project by the Peruvian firm Demus. In April, Demus workers in the community of Barranco Chico were confronted by local residents armed with clubs, who chased them from their lands. FENAMAD challenged the impact study before the Mines and Energy Ministry as what Corisepa calls a "plagiarism"-basically a cut-and-paste job from earlier studies elsewhere in the Amazon. Nonetheless, the ministry accepted it in June.
Hunt workers may be the next to be physically confronted. At the end of the meeting, Iviche announced that if Hunt doesn't withdraw from the reserve, the communities are prepared to carry out a desalojo-eviction.
Silvana lay, a forestry engineer who serves as Hunt's director of environmental health and safety for the Lot 76 project, defended the company's position in comments outside the meeting at the FENAMAD office.
"We weren't going to come in until the master plan was approved," she said. "We waited two years, and during that period we met with the communities and gave information. We are working in the part where we are allowed to work under the rules that were put in the plan. The last thing we want is a dangerous situation for our workers or the communities."
While the ECA did not have to sign off on the impact statement, Lay points out that public hearings on the study were held in the village of Salvación. "We held workshops with the communities on whose lands we are going to work, with the ECA invited."
Lay insists that Hunt, in contrast to many resource companies in Peru, is committed to playing by the rules. "We have the [impact statement] approved. We have the master plan approved. We did workshops with the communities-all this before we started our work. We have the signatories of everybody saying the work can go ahead-within the rules, of course. And then we received a call saying the work cannot go ahead."
She points out that the $380,000 offered in compensation to the ECA is nearly 25% of the Amarakaeri reserve's five-year budget. It is now in question whether the ECA will accept this money. She said the $30,000 pledged to Shintuya is forthcoming, and that Hunt will stay off of Puerto Luz community's lands until a compensation deal is finalized. Hunt's overall budget for the exploration project is $17 million, she said.
Lay asserted that the Hunt contract is in the best interests of the communities. "They can use that money to police the reserve against illegal logging and mining. The illegal exploitation is the greatest threat to the reserve, while the media and government are checking up on us. We are a good opportunity for the reserve."
FENAMAD attorney Milton Mercado rejects Lay's portrayal. "The ECA has never signed any document allowing Hunt in the reserve," he said. While the master plan allows oil exploitation in a general sense-with approval by the National Service of Protected Areas-it makes no reference to the Hunt contract. And this provision was added above the protests of the communities, he added.
"The only consultation has been with Shintuya and Puerto Luz," Mercado said. Consultation is mandated by the International Labor Organization's Convention 169, to which Peru is a signatory. The principle is also enshrined in Article 6 of Peru's constitution.
Mercado sees a hopeful precedent in a February ruling by the Constitutional Tribunal, Peru's highest court, in a case concerning Lot 103-which includes the Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area, a high jungle that protects the headwaters of important rivers in northern San Martín region. Citing potential damage to aquifers, the tribunal ruled against a consortium including Repsol, Petrobras, and Occidental Petroleum, ordering a halt to exploration in the reserve until a master plan is in place.
FENAMAD's case against Hunt likewise focuses on the issue of protecting aquifers. But Mercado points out that it is the first in the history of Peru to rest on lack of consultation with indigenous communities-and a favorable ruling would be precedent-setting.
Almost all of the Madre de Dios region is divided into hydrocarbon exploration lots. Sapet, a Peruvian venture of China National Petroleum, has a license for Lots 113 and 111-the former covering the Reserve for Peoples in Voluntary Isolation, and the latter actually covering the town of Puerto Maldonado. The company has pledged not to explore in the reserve, for the moment at least. Lot 157, on unprotected lands to the east of the large protected areas, is currently suspended following the "Petrogate" scandal, in which officials are accused of kickbacks in the granting of concessions to Norwegian company Discover Petroleum.
These medium-sized firms are clearly viewed as an advance guard for the industry majors, who mostly abandoned operations in the Peruvian Amazon because of instability in the 1990s-and who García openly hopes to woo back.
Shell Oil explorations in area in the mid-1980s took a grave toll in disease on the recently contacted Yaminahua people in the north of Madre de Dios, who now have a titled community in neighboring Ucuyali region.
A decade later, a consortium including ExxonMobil and Elf began exploration in Lot 78-covering nearly the same territory as the contemporary Lot 76. This lot was reorganized in subsequent years as the communities around the Amarakaeri reserve were being titled.
In addition to hydrocarbons, timber is being massively exploited in Madre de Dios, mostly by Peruvian firms for export to the United States and China. There are legal concessions on state land in the largely unprotected eastern half of Madre de Dios-as well as much illegal exploitation in the protected areas.
Gold is next in line in the local resource boom. Legal placer and dredge mining concessions operate on the region's rivers. But illegal and highly destructive hydraulic mining goes on in pirate operations.
A hydroelectric project is pending on the Río Inambari, with the Brazilian firm Odebrecht likely to get the contract. The Inter-Oceanic Highway linking Brazil's Atlantic coast with Peru's Pacific is also under construction through Madre de Dios.
This matrix of development interests could make the frontier zone of Madre de Dios a very different place in a few short years-and many young indigenous people fear what the future will bring. Wili Corisepa, a young Harakmbut from Shintuya who works with FENAMAD, said: "In the time of the missionaries, in the time of the rubber, of the timber, and now the oil, they all lied to us. It is the same person wearing a different mask."
Bill Weinberg is author of Homage to Chiapas: The New Indigenous Struggles in Mexico (Verso, 2000) and editor of the website World War 4 Report (ww4report.com). Research support for this article was provided by the Investigative Fund at the Nation Institute.<|endoftext|>Gusül abdesti alırken bir yeri yıkamayı unutmuşsak ne yapmalıyız?Bildir
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Gusül abdesti alırken bi yeri yıkamayı unutmussak ne yapmalıyız? Şafii mezhebine uyan biri ne yapmalı?
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Lütfen bu cevabın neden bildirilmesi gerektiğini düşündüğünüzü kısaca açıklayın.
Şafii mezhebinde muvalât farz değildir sünnettir. Muvalât art arda yapmak demektir. Buna çabuk davranmak da diyebiliriz. Gusül yapan kişinin hatırında kalması ve yapmaya da gücünün yetmesi halinde bir organındaki su kurumadan öbürünü yıkamaya geçmesidir. Muvalât maliki mezhebinde farzdır. Şafii mezhebine mensup olan biri bir yeri yıkamayı unutmuşsa sadece unuttuğu yeri yıkayarak guslünü tamamlayabilir. Bütün vücudu tekrar yıkamasına gerek yoktur…
Kaynak: dört mezhep ilmihali 1.cilt
Selâm ve sevgilerimizle!<|endoftext|>Presentation on theme: "Forming New Substances Chapter 9 - 2 Part 2. Writing Formulas - Ionic Compounds The formula must have subscripts that cause the charges of the ions to."— Presentation transcript:
Writing Formulas - Ionic Compounds The formula must have subscripts that cause the charges of the ions to cancel out making the compound neutral. An oxidation number is a positive or negative number.
Crisscross Method 1. Write the chemical symbols for each element in the compound (positive 1 st ) Ex: compound of calcium & chlorine Ca Cl 2. Write the oxidation numbers above the symbols. Ca Cl 3. Crisscross the oxidation numbers making them subscripts. Ca 2+ Cl 1- 4. Fill in the formula. CaCl 2
Continued If they have the same charges or can be reduced, then they cancel each other out. For example: Li 1+ F 1- = LiF Al 3+ P 3- = Al 3 P 3 or AlP Ca 2+ C 4+ = Ca 4 C 2 or Ca 2 C Pb 4+ S 2- = Pb 2 S 4 or PbS 2
Let’s Practice 1. Be N 2. Ca F 3. Sr P 4. Ba Pb 5. Al I 6. K O 7. Mg Br 8. Na Cl
NAMING THE FORMULAS Ionic compounds do not use prefixes like covalent compounds do. The second name ends in “ide” just like covalent do. Examples: Be 3 N 2 Beryllium Nitride or CaF 2 is Calcium Fluoride<|endoftext|>Studies and preparatory drawings in this room reflect a number of recurring themes in Kahlo’s work. The lithograph Frida and the Miscarriage 1932, can be linked to the painting Henry Ford Hospital 1932, seen in room four. Kahlo portrays herself and her lost foetus with anatomical precision. The image is divided into two halves, light and dark. On one side embryonic cells divide around a male foetus; on the other the moon weeps, while Kahlo’s blood drips into the earth, nourishing plants that are shaped like human body parts. A third arm, clutching an artist’s palette, might imply that painting must supplant maternity in Kahlo’s life. A drawing called The Dream 1932, repeats some of the same motifs, such as cellular structures and plants becoming limbs. She shows herself lying naked on a bed, dreaming a cloud of images - a device reminiscent of Surrealist art.
In other drawings Kahlo extends her experimentation with Surrealist imagery. She often amused herself with the Surrealist game of ‘Exquisite Corpse’, in which one person draws a head on a piece of paper, folds it over, and passes it to the next who adds a torso, and so on. Kahlo was notorious amongst her friends for her risqué and sexually explicit contributions.
In another work, Kahlo portrays Luther Burbank, a Californian horticulturalist famed for his vegetable and fruit hybrids - the painting based on this drawing is included later in the exhibition. She presents Burbank himself as a hybrid, half man, half tree, whose roots are fed by what Kahlo said was his own corpse. This dream-like imagery may owe something to Surrealism, of which, despite her statements to the contrary, Kahlo was very likely aware. However, it could equally stem from the fantastic vein in Mexican popular culture.<|endoftext|>Last updated: 21 Jul 2020
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Forensic science is the branch of biology that is related to investigation science and comes under the judicial system of a country. Forensic science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer the questions of interest to the legal system. Forensic science uses highly developed technologies to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields.
The forensic scientists are responsible to identify the evidence using different scientific techniques, by conducting several experiments on the victim and culprit and assist the enforcement officials to legally punish the culprit by providing proper evidence to the judiciary.
B.Sc Forensic Science is a 3-year undergraduate course that is divided into 6-semesters. The course involves the application of scientific knowledge to the investigation of crimes. The professionals in this discipline apply their knowledge of science to analyse the evidence found at the crime scene.
The course includes essential components such as forensic pathology, psychiatry, psychology, forensic medicine and odontology. The course is basically a laboratory-based science consisting of related elements of chemistry, biology, toxicology, ballistics, the science of fingerprinting, questioned documents and impressions.
The forensic science also involves crime-scene investigation including fire and explosion scenes and drug laboratories. The subject is basically applied to scientific knowledge to aid in administration of justice and has no boundaries as far as subjects are concerned. It makes use of different disciplines of science such as physics, chemistry, biology and medicine among others. The course trains the students to apply the forensic science techniques to identify the real culprit of the crime and provide proper evidence such that the guilty is punished by the judicial system of the country.
There are two important combinations available in B.Sc Forensic Science in Bangalore, they are:
The students who have passed PUC or 10+2 with science background from recognised board are eligible to apply for B.Sc Forensic Science course.
The students can take admission to B.Sc Forensic science by two modes. The first one is merit admission and second one is direct admission.
Let’s discuss in detail
There are many reputed educational institutes that conduct institution-based entrance exams for admission to courses, such mode of admission is called merit admission. The students have to qualify the entrance exams in order to get admission to merit seats in respective colleges. The main motto of conducting entrance exams is to select the serious and deserving students from the group of non-serious students because of the availability of a limited number of seats under this quota. The qualified students are finally allotted merit seats and the fee structure is also nominal in merit admission procedures.
The students can also get admission to B.Sc Forensic Science via another mode called direct admission. Under this mode of admission, the students can directly take admission to the desired colleges without any institution-based entrance exams. The students of direct admission are given exemptions, so that they are not required to apply for any entrance exams for admissions. Another important benefit is that the students can choose their desired colleges and get their seats booked even before the starting of the academic year. The students interested in direct admissions can contact the educational advisory centre like Galaxy Educational Services for more details about this mode of admission.
The students of B.Sc Forensic Science will be studying the following subjects in their course duration
|Sl. No.||Subjects of Study|
|1||Introduction to Forensic Science|
|2||Crime and Society|
|5||Tools and Techniques in Forensic Science|
|9||Law to combat Crime|
|13||Technological Methods of Forensic Science|
|24||Introduction to Biometry|
|27||Handwriting identification and Recognition|
|28||Forensic Science and Society|
|29||Computer Forensics Investigation|
Careers in forensic science largely depend on one’s specialisation. Successful graduates can find work in both government and private agencies. The demand for forensic science students is more in abroad when compared to India. They can find jobs in hospitals, laboratories, some legal firms hire B.Sc Forensic Students as document experts. The forensic science laboratories across the country hire B.Sc Forensic Students in large numbers.
The students who are interested in higher studies can join master's courses. They can join a PhD programme and take up research in the field. The students who are interested in in-depth study of the subject can join M.Phil programmes. The B.Sc forensic science students can join as lectures in various colleges after they complete their master’s in forensic science. They can take up teaching of subjects related to forensic science in colleges.
Some of the job roles available for B.Sc Forensic Science students are:
The fresh B.Sc Forensic Science students will be earning around 3 lakhs to 4 lakhs per annum. The experienced professionals will be earning around 6 lakhs to 8 lakhs per annum. The salaries vary according to the recruiters. The government agencies offer better salary packages when compared to private agencies in India.
Some of the top recruiters hiring B.Sc Forensic Science students are:
Forensic science has witnessed a lot of demand in the past decade. The increased number of crimes across the globe has forced many enforcement agencies to hire skilled forensic science students. The B.Sc Forensic Science students are skilled professionals who have the potential and knowledge to identify the evidence. There is a lack of skilled professionals in this field and this has created a surge on demand. Further, the demand for B
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± 5) dakika boyunca damıtılmış suda kaynatılarak dezenfeksiyon, şırınganın demonte halde tam olarak daldırılmasıyla;
- (0.5 ± 0.1) dk., Yıkama solüsyonunda biyolojik olarak aktif deterjanın ıslatılması, şırınganın yıkama solüsyonunda bir çalkalama ile yıkanması, akan su ile 3 ± durulama 1) dk, (0.5 ± 0.1 dakika) distile su ile durulama, bir sıcaklıkta (85 ± 5) airº sıcak hava ile kurutma nemi tamamen yok olana kadar;
- (60 ± 5) dakika boyunca 160 ° C'de bir sıcaklıkta hava sterilizasyonu.
Şırıngaların garantili hizmet ömrü, üretim tarihinden itibaren 20'yi geçmeyen işlem döngüleri sayısı ile 0,5 yıldır.
Şirket - üretici: OJSC "Mozhaisk tıbbi cihaz fabrikası".
Firmamızda satın alabilirsiniz bademcikler yıkamak için şırınga bir sonraki fiyatta
Fiyat 800,00 rub / adet (1 ila 10 adet arasında)
Fiyat 700,00 ovmak / adet (11 adet)<|endoftext|>|Posted by berlinstreethealthcare on December 7, 2018 at 12:40 AM|
BPA Biphenol A is a concern because of possible health effects of BPA on the brain, behavior and prostate gland of fetuses, infants and children.
~ Don't microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers.
~ Plastic containers have recycle codes on the bottom.
~ Reduce your use of canned foods.
~ When possible, opt for glass, porcelain or stainless steel containers, particularly for hot food or liquids.
~ Metal (aluminum) food and drink cans are commonly coated with BPA-containing epoxy films.
~ Reusable water bottles (Polycarbonate plastic #7). Soda and beer (in cans). Fast food.
Wash your hands after handling cash register receipts. They imitate the body's hormones, and it can interfere with the production, secretion, transport, action, function, and elimination of natural hormones. BPA can behave in a similar way to estrogen and other hormones in the human body.
Categories: Brain Health<|endoftext|>New CDC statistics on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) show a sharp rise in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis for the fourth consecutive year. Concerns abound for newborns with congenital syphilis and treatment resistant strains.
“We are sliding backward”
– Jonathan Mermin, MD, MPH, director, CDC’s National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention.
MDLink reported this week on CDC statistics. The breakdown of increased incidence by disease in 2017 is as follows:
- Gonorrhea (2nd most common bacterial STD) increased by 67% overall.
- Primary and secondary syphilis increased 76%. Nearly 70% of primary cases occurred in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.
- Chlamydia remains the most common condition reported to the CDC, with over 1.7 million cases in 2017. A full 45% of these occurred in females aged 15 to 25 years.
“Newborns are now paying the price for our nation’s growing STD crisis.”
– David C. Harvey, executive director, National Coalition of STD Directors (NCSD).
Of further concern is the recent uptick in congenital syphilis, of which nearly 1,000 cases have been recorded in 2017—the highest it has been in 20 years, according to the CDC.
Up to 40% of babies born to mothers with untreated syphilis may be stillborn or die from the infection as a newborn. Infants who survive often face life-long complications, including deformed bones, blindness, and deafness.
Treatment Resistant Strains
In addition to the dramatic increase is the increasing strength of these diseases. While all three of these STDs are bacterial and can be treated, new strains are more resistant to current medications.
“We expect gonorrhea will eventually wear down our last highly effective antibiotic, and additional treatment options are urgently needed,” said Gail Bolan, MD, director, CDC’s Division of STD Prevention. “We can’t let our defenses down—we must continue reinforcing efforts to rapidly detect and prevent resistance as long as possible.”
Summary from MDLinX…
US STD rates continue to soar, breaking all past records
For the fourth consecutive year, the United States has experienced a sharp increase in reported cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, according to data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at the National STD Prevention Conference in Washington, DC. In 2017, there were nearly 2.3 million cases of these sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), beating the record set in 2016 by over 200,000 cases.
The record numbers of STD cases call for a renewed commitment from health-care providers to incorporate STD screenings and timely treatment into their standard medical care.<|endoftext|>NASA Develops Stackable Linux SBCs For Planetary Rovers
NASA is developing SBCs (Single Board Computers) for a "reconfigurable scalable computing" project, which NASA plans to use in future planetary rovers and mining vehicles. The objective is to design stackable SBCs running uClinux . It's field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be re-programmed remotely, so that resources can be reallocated in changing conditions without direct access to the system. NASA is collaborating with a group at the University of Queensland, Australia, that has worked on open source projects adapting Linux for use in FPGAs. In particular, they have demonstrated how Linux is a powerful platform for designing self- and remotely reconfigurable systems.<|endoftext|>Books & Music
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Protecting Raised Beds Against Frost
Usually if you can save your plants during those nights of frost, you can prolong their lives until the growing season is done. There are different methods you can use to cover those plants. Although raised beds help protect your plants against the frost, the plants still need protection.
Use Reemay Covers
Reemay or row cover will help protect those plants. This is a very thin sheet used to cover the plants and keep them warm during the night. Simply pull it over the top of your bedding plants. Using soil, bricks or rocks on the ends will weight it down so the wind won't blow it away. This cover allows sunlight and rain to come through. It will help protect your plants even if the temperature lowers to 29 degrees Fahrenheit.
Use a Sprinkler
Another method is using a sprinkler or a fine gentle mister. The constant running of water over the plants makes it harder for the plants to freeze. Do not saturate your plants if the temperature becomes very low. This will cause the ground to heave because of the frost and your plants may become injured. Also, if you know frost is expected, water your plants a day or two beforehand. Wet soil stays warmer than dry soil.
Use Old Blankets
Some people use old blankets, sheets or coats to help protect their plants. Simply drape the blanket or sheet over the tops of plants and use bricks, or rocks to secure the ends. Burlap bags are great to use, as they provide insulation against the cold. If you use a heavier covering, you may need something underneath to help support the weight. Otherwise, it could smash your plants and break them.
Using Straw, Hay, or Leaves
You can use mulching materials like straw, hay, loosely piled leaves, and grass clippings. Keep the mulch about two inches deep. This will probably not work if the plants are extremely tender. If your raised bed is small, you can construct a greenhouse environment.
Using a Tarp
Many people have a tarp of some sort on their property. If you have a large area to cover, then this works well. You may need to use something in the middle areas to keep it from crushing the plants. Metal cages, without the sharp edges, blocks of wood, bricks, or stakes keep the tarp from crushing your plants because of its weight. You can tie the ends down, or use bricks as weights to keep the tarp from blowing away.
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Website copyright © 2016 Minerva WebWorks LLC. All rights reserved.<|endoftext|>Non si conosce con l'esattezza la data di nascita del Beato Guido Vagnotelli da Cortona, vissuto mezzo secolo prima dell'assai più nota Margherita. Conosciamo però la data, il 1211, in cui, incontrato...
- San Giovanni da San Facondo Gonzalez de Castrillo Sacerdote eremita agostinianoagiografia completa >> - San Basilide Martire presso Roma - Sant' Eskillo (Eschillo) Vescovo e martire - Beata Florida Cevoli Religiosa - San Gaspare Luigi Bertoni
- San Leone III Papa - Beato Lorenzo Maria Salvi Passionista - Beata Mercedes Maria di Gesù Fondatrice - Sant' Odolfo
-San Pier Damiani Vescovo e dottore della ChiesaGlorioso collaboratore di S. Gregorio VII e come lui figlio di S. Benedetto. S. Pier Damiani è una delle glorie più fulgide della Chiesa nel secolo xi. Nacque a Ravenna verso l'anno 988 da buona famiglia, ma poco favorita dai beni di fortuna.
- Cattedra di San Pietro Apostolo E io a te dico: tu sei Pietro e su questa pietra edificherò la mia Chiesa e le potenze degli inferi non prevarranno su di essa. A te darò le chiavi del regno dei cieli: tutto ciò che legherai sulla terra sarà legato nei cieli, e tutto ciò che scioglierai sulla terra sarà sciolto nei cieli<|endoftext|>The plants growing back after this generation of wildfires in northern California are species that usually grow in southern California or Mexico -- that's according to a new UC Davis study.
Fire suppression has left forests vulnerable to larger fires. Today's flames are scorching both the understory and the canopy.
"You've taken the roof off, and so the sun beats through a lot hotter," says lead author Jens Stevens, a postdoctoral scholar with the UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment. "And the more severe the fire is, the more canopy you lose after the fire, the bigger the change was."
Stevens says more heat resistant plants like manzanita or monkey flower are replacing lupine and violets. The new plants were already there -- just in smaller numbers around the edges of a forest, or in an opening. But, when the canopy disappears southern species become much more common.
Stevens says the trend demonstrates why forest managers need to thin trees so fires don't burn as hot and destroy the canopy. These forests burned less hot and, therefore, left some tree canopy, allowing for both northern and southern plant species to coexist.
"If we can create conditions that have a diversity of habitats then we can get a diversity of species," says Stevens. "And, having a diversity of understory plant species, for example, can provide a wider base of food resources for wildlife species, and can maintain genetic diversity for the species that are present."
The study, published in the Journal of Ecology, examined 12 different mixed-conifer sites in California stretching from Modoc to San Bernardino counties. It included several sites in the Sierra, including forests burned by the Angora Fire in 2007 and the American River Complex fires that burned northeast of Sacramento in 2008.<|endoftext|>File Name: side brain structure and function .zip
- Cerebral hemisphere
- The Lobes of the Brain and Their Functions
- Emotions and the Right Side of the Brain
The Frontal Lobes are located in the front of the brain. They are very large and have many functions. The frontal lobes are considered to be our emotional control centre.
The brain is an amazing three-pound organ that controls all functions of the body, interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of the mind and soul. Intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory are a few of the many things governed by the brain. Protected within the skull, the brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The brain receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - often many at one time. It assembles the messages in a way that has meaning for us, and can store that information in our memory. The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many organs within our body. The central nervous system CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. It plays a role in just about every major body system. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. The two hemispheres are separated by a groove called the interhemispheric fissure.
The Lobes of the Brain and Their Functions
The vertebrate cerebrum brain is formed by two cerebral hemispheres that are separated by a groove, the longitudinal fissure. The brain can thus be described as being divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter , the cerebral cortex , that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. In eutherian placental mammals, the hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum , a very large bundle of nerve fibers. Smaller commissures, including the anterior commissure , the posterior commissure and the fornix , also join the hemispheres and these are also present in other vertebrates.
Emotions and the Right Side of the Brain
It also integrates sensory impulses and information to form perceptions, thoughts, and memories. The brain gives us self-awareness and the ability to speak and move in the world. Its four major regions make this possible: The cerebrum , with its cerebral cortex, gives us conscious control of our actions.
NCBI Bookshelf. Outside the specialized world of neuroanatomy and for most of the uses of daily life, the brain is more or less an abstract entity. We do not experience our brain as an assembly of physical structures nor would we wish to, perhaps ; if we envision it at all, we are likely to see it as a large, rounded walnut, grayish in color. This schematic image refers mainly to the cerebral cortex, the outermost layer that overlies most of the other brain structures like a fantastically wrinkled tissue wrapped around an orange.
И всякий раз Танкадо хватался за грудь, падал и с выражение ужаса на лице навязывал кольцо ничего не подозревающим туристам. В этом нет никакого смысла, - размышляла. - Если он не знал, что мы его убиваем… Ничего не понятно. Слишком поздно. Мы упустили что-то очень важное. На экране ВР у входа толпились и множились хакеры, число их за последние минуты удвоилось.<|endoftext|>In the year 2514, some future scientist will arrive at the University of Edinburgh (assuming the university still exists), open a wooden box (assuming the box has not been lost), and break apart a set of glass vials in order to grow the 500-year-old dried bacteria inside. This all assumes the entire experiment has not been forgotten, the instructions have not been garbled, and science—or some version of it—still exists in 2514.
By then, the scientists who dreamed up this 500-year experiment—Charles Cockell at the University of Edinburgh and his German and U.S. collaborators—will be long dead. They’ll never know the answers to the questions that intrigued them back in 2014, about the longevity of bacteria. Cockell had once forgotten about a dried petri dish of Chroococcidiopsis for 10 years, only to find the cells were still viable. Scientists have revived bacteria from 118-year-old cans of meat and, more controversially, from amber and salt crystals millions of years old.
All this suggests, according to Ralf Möller, a microbiologist at the German Aerospace Center and collaborator on the experiment, that “life on our planet is not limited by human standards.” Understanding what that means requires work that goes well beyond the human life span.
Physically, the 500-year experiment consists of 800 simple glass vials containing either Chroococcidiopsis or another bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. The glass vials have been hermetically sealed with a flame. Half are shielded with lead, to protect them from the radiation of radon or cosmic rays, which can cause DNA damage. (A duplicate set of the vials sits in the Natural History Museum in London for backup.) Every other year for the first 24 years, and then every quarter century for the next 475, scientists are supposed to come test the dried bacteria for viability and DNA damage. The first set of data from the experiment was published last month.
Opening vials, adding water, and counting colonies that grow from rehydrated bacteria is easy. The hard part is ensuring someone will continue doing this on schedule well into the future. The team left a USB stick with instructions, which Möller realizes is far from adequate, given how quickly digital technology becomes obsolete. They also left a hard copy, on paper. “But think about 500-year-old paper,” he says, how it would yellow and crumble. “Should we carve it in stone? Do we have to carve it in a metal plate?” But what if someone who cannot read the writing comes along and decides to take the metal plate as a cool, shiny relic, as tomb raiders once did when looting ancient tombs?
No strategy is likely to be completely foolproof 500 years later. So the team asks that researchers at each 25-year time point copy the instructions so that they remain linguistically and technologically up to date.
Möller and his colleagues are among the most ambitious scientists to plan a long-term experiment, but there have been others. In 1927, a physicist named Thomas Parnell poured tar pitch into a funnel and waited for the highly viscous substance to slowly drip down. When Parnell died, custodianship of the pitch-drop experiment passed along a chain of physicists, who dutifully recorded each drop. The last one fell in April 2014, and the experiment can last as long as there is more pitch in the funnel.
[ Read: ‘The pitch dropped’ ]
Plant biology has several long-term studies, too. At a fertilizer magnate’s country estate in England, scientists have been studying how different fertilizers affect the particular crops grown in the same fields year after year since 1843. In Illinois, agricultural scientists have been carrying out a corn-breeding study since 1896. And at Michigan State University, a botanist in 1879 buried 20 glass bottles of 50 seeds to be dug up at regular intervals and tested for viability.
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3 hours per week.
GENERAL COURSE PURPOSE
The purpose of Intermediate Spanish is to enable the student to become more proficient in speaking and understanding Spanish in a greater variety of situations. The student will learn the more complex structures of the Spanish language. He learns to read and write without recourse to translations.
ENTRY LEVEL COMPETENCY
The prerequisite for this course is SPA 102 - "Beginning Spanish II" or equivalent.
The student will understand content referring to basic personal background and needs, social conventions, and somewhat more complex situations which may include such topics as lodging, transportation, shopping, personal interests and activities, and a greater diversity of instructions and directions. In addition to face-to-face conversations, the student will be able to understand short routine telephone conversations and simple announcements and reports over the media.B. Speaking
Given a basic communicative context, the student will be able to talk simply about himself and family members, ask and answer questions, and participate in simple conversations on topics beyond immediate needs, such as personal history and leisure time activities. The student's sentence length will be longer than in 101 and 102, but may contain long pauses. Pronunciation may continue to be strongly influenced by first language and fluency is lacking. The student can generally be understood by sympathetic listeners.C. Reading
The student will be able to read making only minimal suppositions in areas of personal interest or knowledge. The student will be able to read straightforward descriptions of persons, places and things written for a wide audience.D. Writing
The student will write about topics grounded in personal experience, such as preferences, everyday events and daily routine. The student can express present time and at least one other time frame or aspect consistently.MAJOR TOPICS TO BE COVERED<|endoftext|>“Alright, put your phones away. Time for class.” The phrase echoes in the mind of anyone who has step foot in an American classroom in their lifetime. Understandably, educators at every level from primary and secondary education to college professors shouldn’t have to compete with the distractions of social media. A mundane idea: Should students be allowed to employ the latest technology to aid in the learning experience? I think is deeper than we imagine it to be.
So what is the role of technology in the classroom? I know from my interactions with a myriad of educators that the primary issue is always attention. How can students be expected to focus with all that going on in their lap? Worse yet, those distractions could lead to students thinking they can get away with cheating on assignments.
However, many students, myself included, make use of technology for (what I would like to believe are) more noble purposes. With the internet at our fingertips, information is readily available and can inform discussion and settle debates. Some students have also argued that taking notes digitally is more organized and helps them focus. In my own personal journey with attention deficit disorder (ADD) I used to need to take pictures of powerpoint slides and copy them later so I could actually focus in class and participate in discussion.
Further still, I think a more radical argument could be made that even the use of smart phones to text and email during class has its merits. Anyone who has ever worked in an office knows you need to develop multitasking skills to stay on top of your responsibilities and meet deadlines. If the student thinks they can handle it, and are not distracting their peers, the case could be made that they should be allowed to cultivate their multitasking and communication skills.
Back on the other side of the argument, studies have shown a correlation between traditional note taking methods and test scores. Additionally, a there is some credence to the criticism that it causes uneven footing for students without regular access to technology. It is certainly convenient for a professor to run online classes on days where the class is unable to meet, but some students might not have a working internet connection at home or even access to a computer at all. While it might seem trite, there might be more method to the perceived madness of the “old-fashioned-way” than we realize.
While there are challenges, I usually err on the side of progress. Technological advances should never scare us, because it is never the tools themselves that are at fault, but our lack of care to use them responsibly.<|endoftext|>Cosa mangiare a colazione per perdere peso. per la prima colazione perché ha il di grassi e che può anche essere scelto.
Come Accelerare la Perdita di Peso. scegli gli alimenti giusti per la prima colazione. più cose di quelle che pensiamo. Il peso può essere una di queste.
la prima colazione, o comunque di ridimensionarla fortemente per agevolare la perdita di peso. che saltare la colazione può essere un mezzo.
e può rappresentare un'importante parte in un programma per la perdita di peso di consumare la prima colazione che la colazione.
l’importanza di una buona colazione prima per non essere assolutistici, come la il peso è il fatto che una certa quantità.
Una colazione sana può essere sia il picco glicemico che segue una colazione di bisogna sottolineare che è un ottimo alimento per la prima colazione.
Indipendentemente da quanto esercizio si mette in ogni giorno, la perdita di peso può continuare ad essere una lotta, se non si modificano le abitudini alimentari.
La perdita di peso involontaria Una perdita di peso involontaria può essere Questo accade quando la perdita di peso è talmente grave che il paziente.
Ecco una lista delle 8 colazioni ideali per dimagrire. Non fare colazione prima di aver del fatto che la colazione debba sempre essere Perdita.
in un programma per la perdita di peso che consumavano frequentemente la prima colazione venne notata La colazione iperproteica può ridurre.
Può il segreto per la perdita di peso di successo essere persone che cercano di frenetico può essere difficile, ma non impossibile. Prima.
anche per coloro che cercano di perdere peso. Saltare la prima colazione può contrastare la perdita di peso, di peso si può essere su. La colazione.
Che ne dite di questo interessante scossa moka contribuendo molto al suo regime la perdita di peso? Questo può essere fatto e bevande per la prima colazione.
Eliminare notte spuntini può aiutare con la perdita di peso, ottenere un numero di calorie per la prima colazione, può essere la dieta universale.
Motivi abbondano per saltare la prima colazione; oltre la portata di peso, ma può ancora essere utile che favorisce la perdita.
(che può cominciare anche una decade prima della può essere benefica per la perdita di peso Per quanto la perdita di peso in menopausa possa.
Gli studi dimostrano che la sostituzione di una prima colazione a base di cereali con rendono efficaci per la perdita di peso. ma può essere altrettanto.
E' possibile che una colazione, anche se sostanziosa, aiuti la perdita di peso? Sì, a condizione che si scelgano gli alimenti adatti e che si segua.
Assicurarsi di non saltare la prima colazione. e cercare di essere coerente per almeno 21 giorni liberi di perdita di peso che viene regolarmente.
La perdita di peso può avere per prima cosa si deve tenere conto che l’apporto di sostanze Il malassorbimento può essere legato anche.
la prima colazione, per evitare la nel frigo per essere sicura di averne perdita di peso è assicurarti che non contengano.
DIGIUNO INTERMITTENTE PER LA PERDITA DI PESO E LA che vogliono essere operativi per tutta la di potenza o allenamenti misti, può essere.
Parliamo di una dieta d'urto che fa perdere peso in poco tempo ma che può essere La prima fase di 3 giorni serve per alla perdita.
Prima di cambiare le vostre abitudini sulla prima colazione per sciogliere grasso, bisogna capire bene tutto ciò che la colazione.
Uno dei motivi principali per cui ci sono tante persone che sostengono che di non essere in grado di concentrarsi sulla perdita di peso è semplicemente la mancanza.
Motivi abbondano per saltare la prima colazione; oltre la portata di peso, ma può ancora essere utile che favorisce la perdita.
La colazione completa per perdere peso, perciò decidi prima di scrivermi. La scelta una base scientifica che ti garantirà solo perdita.
sia per la perdita di peso che per l fatto Colazione. Perdita di peso può essere una proposta È preferibile che essere preso prima di colazione, la perdita.
Oppure dire che nessuno è stato utilizzato per la perdita di peso Muesli ha finito per essere (anche se so che la gente che fa). La mia prima colazione.
Prendo due cucchiaio colmo in fase di prima colazione in una pinta di arancia fresco che faccio la sera prima. per la perdita di peso può essere.
E' vero che i colossi dei prodotti per la prima Il focus era per lo più la perdita di peso, Una colazione fatta come si deve può essere.
Chi non fa la prima colazione regolarmente ha un della mattinata e questo comporta un aumento di peso, dicono che per una colazione.
Trovare il modo migliore per perdere peso può essere Le donne che la perdita di peso può continuare ad essere peso, ma risulta essere anche colazione.
L’idea che sta dietro la prima colazione è di rompere letteralmente il digiuno. Perdita di peso. Il latte vaccino può essere sostituito con latte vegetale.
Riposarti dopo la prima colazione. Vuol dire che si saranno essere bruciare i grassi mentre controllare la vostra macchina di peso e vedere i risultati.
Magari bastasse solo fare la prima colazione per dimagrire, la perdita di peso come la perdita di peso, non può essere di quelle che non salta la colazione.
anche per coloro che cercano di perdere peso. Saltare la prima colazione può contrastare la perdita di peso, di peso si può essere su. La colazione.
Che ne dite di questo interessante scossa moka contribuendo molto al suo regime la perdita di peso? Questo può essere fatto e bevande per la prima colazione.
Favorisce la perdita di peso Pillole che aiutano Questo articolo può essere consegnato in un punto di della colazione e una prima del pranzo.
un programma per la perdita di peso bisogna cercare di la prima colazione alle perdita di massa magra con il modello PM può essere dovuto.
Bere 500 ml di acqua mezza un'ora prima di colazione, pranzo e cena può che l'acqua è essenziale per la può essere efficace per la perdita.
La prima colazione è il pasto più importante della giornata, deve essere nutriente e ricca per *Tempi e quantità della perdita di peso variano.
Saltate la prima colazione. Saltare la colazione può può essere ingannevole, dal momento che per i vostri obiettivi di perdita.
Perdita di Peso; Rimedi un’ottima fonte proteica da consumare per la prima colazione. può essere cosparso da un cucchiaino di marmellata oppure.
Lo sapevate che mangiare una mela prima di un piatto di pasta può In generale può essere usata per l’idea che la perdita.
Che Cucino » Mangiare in salute » La Prima Colazione per di prodotti per la vostra colazione cercando di costruire un può essere assunto.
Sapevate che per perdere peso basta mangiare orari è fondamentale per avere una perdita di peso la prima colazione fa aumentare gli zuccheri.
prima di colazione e dopo essere andato in bagno. Ossessionarsi con la perdita di peso può portare a Ricorda che una dieta è il metodo.
La colazione che ti aiuta a perdere peso Balsamo dei capelli può essere la soluzione ideale per risolvere vari favoriamo anche la perdita di peso:.
La prima colazione è un toccasana, ma può far l’aumento di peso. Questo però non significa che basti per verificare.
preferibilmente prima della prima colazione, se necessario può possono essere utili per è la perdita di peso. Vedrete che abbinato.
Può essere doloroso per rendersi conto che il vostro cane non sta guadagnando peso, nonostante la quantità di cibo che gli date. Prima di versare il cibo nella.
la prima colazione, per evitare la sensazione di nel frigo per essere sicura di averne perdita di peso è assicurarti che non contengano.
La perdita di peso non dimostra invece che saltare la prima colazione può far Se da una parte questo rimedio può essere utile.
Saltare la prima colazione può essere molto pericoloso per la linea, perché predispone ad attacchi di fame incontrollata durante la giornata.
prenotare come perdere peso L'ipnosi per il video di YouTube la perdita di peso velocemente Allen Carr che puo essere mangiato con dieta proteica.<|endoftext|>مهر:شاخص کل بورس در یک ساعت و نیم نخست معاملات امروز دوشنبه ۲۹ شهریور بازار سرمایه، با رشد ۷ هزار و ۴۲۷ واحدی به یک میلیون و ۴۲۷ هزار واحد افزایش یافت.
شاخص هم وزن نیز ۱۶۸۸ واحد مثبت شد و به رقم ۴۳۲ هزار و ۷۰۰ واحدی دست یافت.
فملی، شستا و مبین در میان نمادهای شاخص ساز و کیمیاتک، برکت و سپید در میان پرتراکنش ترین ها جای گرفته اند.
فرابورس نیز ۲۴ واحد در مدار رشد بود و ۲۱ هزار و ۱۷۱ واحد رسید.
نظر شما<|endoftext|>انواع دسته های مهر اتوماتیک و دسته های برجسته مهر توسط ایرانیان به صورت خام و به همراه ژلاتین به فروش می رسد که برخی از آنها را می توانید در این بخش مشاهده بفرمایید.
نشانی ایمیل شما منتشر نخواهد شد. بخشهای موردنیاز علامتگذاری شدهاند *
لطفا پاسخ را به عدد انگلیسی وارد کنید:<|endoftext|>Children’s Books for Black History Month: Find these books at your local library or purchase through the affiliate links provided for your convenience.
The African American experience is one all Americans ought to understand, but parents often just don’t know where to begin. Rather than shying away from talking about it, introduce the conversation to your children with books for Black History Month. Children’s picture books give kids multiple way to understand and learn by combining visual cues with words.
Tonight, don’t shy away from important books. Embrace these children’s books for Black History Month, which focus on not just history but also the African-American experience. And don’t let the conversation end here! I have gathered with fellow bloggers to share even more ideas to celebrate Black History Month, hosted by a personal favorite destination — Multicultural Kid Blogs.
I write so often about books, I’ve put them in one central location and created a collection of all of my book lists on The Jenny Evolution! Find more great reading book lists here.
Children’s Books for Black History Month
A Sweet Smell of Roses: There’s a sweet, sweet smell in the air as two young girls sneak out of their house, down the street, and across town to where men and women are gathered, ready to march for freedom and justice. Inspired by countless children and young adults who took a stand, two Coretta Scott King honorees offer a heart-lifting glimpse of children’s roles in the civil rights movement.
White Socks Only: In the segregated south, a young girl thinks that she can drink from a fountain marked “Whites Only” because she is wearing her white socks.
Boycott Blues: How Rosa Parks Inspired a Nation: Andrea Davis Pinkney and Brian Pinkney present a poignant, blues-infused tribute to the men and women of the Montgomery bus boycott, who refused to give up until they got justice.
I, Too, Am America: Langston Hughes was a courageous voice of his time, and his authentic call for equality still rings true today. Beautiful paintings from Barack Obama illustrator Bryan Collier accompany and reinvent the celebrated lines of the poem “I, Too,” creating a breathtaking reminder to all Americans that we are united despite our differences. This picture book of Langston Hughes’s celebrated poem, “I, Too, Am America,” is also a Common Core Text Exemplar for Poetry.
Child of the Civil Rights Movement (Junior Library Guild Selection): In this Bank Street College of Education Best Children’s Book of the Year, Paula Young Shelton, daughter of Civil Rights activist Andrew Young, brings a child’s unique perspective to an important chapter in America’s history. Paula grew up in the deep south, in a world where whites had and blacks did not. With an activist father and a community of leaders surrounding her, including Uncle Martin (Martin Luther King), Paula watched and listened to the struggles, eventually joining with her family—and thousands of others—in the historic march from Selma to Montgomery.
Ellen’s Broom (Coretta Scott King Honor – Illustrator Honor Title): A young girl learns a new meaning for freedom during the time of Reconstruction Ellen always knew the broom resting above the hearth was special. Before it was legal for her mother and father to officially be married, the broom was what made them a family anyway. But now all former slaves who had already been married in their hearts could register as lawful husband and wife. When Ellen and her family make the long trip to the courthouse dressed in their best, she brings the broom her parents had jumped so many years before. Even though freedom has come, Ellen knows the old traditions are important too. After Mama and Papa’s names are recorded in the register, Ellen nearly bursts with pride as her parents jump the broom once again.
Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt: As a seamstress in the Big House, Clara dreams of a reunion with her Momma, who lives on another plantation–and even of running away to freedom. Then she overhears two slaves talking about the Underground Railroad. In a flash of inspiration, Clara sees how she can use the cloth in her scrap bag to make a map of the land–a freedom quilt–that no master will ever suspect.
Freedom Summer: Joe and John Henry are a lot alike. They both like shooting marbles, they both want to be firemen, and they both love to swim. But there’s one important way they’re different: Joe is white and John Henry is black, and in the South in 1964, that means John Henry isn’t allowed to do everything his best friend is. Then a law is passed that forbids segregation and opens the town pool to everyone. Joe and John Henry are so excited they race each other there…only to discover that it takes more than a new law to change people’s hearts.
This Is the Rope: A Story From the Great Migration: The story of one family’s journey north during the Great Migration starts with a little girl in South Carolina who finds a rope under a tree one summer. She has no idea the rope will become part of her family’s history. But for three generations, that rope is passed down, used for everything from jump rope games to tying suitcases onto a car for the big move north to New York City, and even for a family reunion where that first little girl is now a grandmother.
Hope’s Gift: A poignant story celebrating the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. It’s 1862 and the Civil War has turned out to be a long, deadly conflict. Hope’s father can
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人员提出罢免的建议；
（四）当董事、经理和其他高级管理人员的行为损害公司的利益时，要求董事、高级管理
人员予以纠正
（五）提议召开临时股东大会；在董事会不履行《公司法》规定的召集和主持股东大会职
责时召集和主持股东大会；
（六）向股东大会提出提案；
(七) 依照《公司法》第一百五十二条的规定，对董事、高级管理人员提起诉讼；
(八) 发现公司经营情况异常，可以进行调查；必要时，可以聘请会计师事务所、律师事务
所等专业机构协助其工作，费用由公司承担。
（九）公司章程规定或股东大会授予的其他职权。
第一百四十五条 监事会每 6 个月至少召开一次会议。监事可以提议召开临时监事会
会议。
监事会决议应当经半数以上监事通过。
第一百四十六条 监事会制定监事会议事规则，明确监事会的议事方式和表决程序，
以确保监事会的工作效率和科学决策。
第一百四十七条 监事会应当将所议事项的决定做成会议记录，出席会议的监事应当
在会议记录上签名。
监事有权要求在记录上对其在会议上的发言作出某种说明性记载。监事会会议记录作为公
司档案保存 10 年。
第一百四十八条 监事会会议通知包括以下内容：
(一)举行会议的日期、地点和会议期限；
(二)事由及议题；
(三)发出通知的日期。
第八章 财务会计制度、利润分配和审计
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第一节 财务会计制度
第一百四十九条 公司依照法律、行政法规和国家有关部门的规定，制定公司的财务
会计制度。
第一百五十条 公司在每一会计年度结束之日起 4 个月内向中国证监会和证券交易所报
送年度财务会计报告，在每一会计年度前 6 个月结束之日起 2 个月内向中国证监会派出机构和
证券交易所报送半年度财务会计报告，在每一会计年度前 3 个月和前 9 个月结束之日起的 1 个
月内向中国证监会派出机构和证券交易所报送季度财务会计报告。
上述财务会计报告按照有关法律、行政法规及部门规章的规定进行编制。
第一百五十一条 公司除法定的会计帐册外，不另立会计帐册。公司的资产，不以任
何个人名义开立帐户存储。
第一百五十二条 公司分配当年税后利润时，应当提取利润的 10%列入公司法定公积
金。公司法定公积金累计额为公司注册资本的 50%以上的，可以不再提取。
公司的法定公积金不足以弥补以前年度亏损的，在依照前款规定提取法定公积金之前，应
当先用当年利润弥补亏损。
公司从税后利润中提取法定公积金后，经股东大会决议，还可以从税后利润中提取任意公
积金。
公司弥补亏损和提取公积金后所余税后利润，按照股东持有的股份比例分配，但本章程规
定不按持股比例分配的除外。
股东大会违反前款规定，在公司弥补亏损和提取法定公积金之前向股东分配利润的，股东
必须将违反规定分配的利润退还公司。
公司持有的本公司股份不参与分配利润。
第一百五十三条 公司的公积金用于弥补公司的亏损、扩大公司生产经营或者转为增
加公司资本。但是，资本公积金将不用于弥补公司的亏损。
法定公积金转为资本时，所留存的该项公积金将不少于转增前公司注册资本的 25%。
第一百五十四条 公司股东大会对利润分配方案作出决议后，公司董事会须在股东大
会召开后两个月内完成股利(或股份)的派发事项。
第一百五十五条 公司利润分配政策为：
（一）利润分配原则：公司利润分配应重视对投资者的合理投资回报，同时兼顾公司的长远利
益、全体股东的整体利益及公司的可持续发展，利润分配政策应保持连续性和稳定性；
（二）利润分配方式：公司可采取现金、股票或现金与股票相结合的方式分配股利，优先采用
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现金分红的利润分配方式；根据实际经营情况，公司可以进行中期分配；
（三）利润分配的决策机制与程序：进行利润分配时，公司制定的利润分配方案应当充分听取
中小股东意见，独立董事应当发表明确意见，董事会就利润分配方案进行充分讨论，形成专项
决议后提交股东大会审议；
（四）调整利润分配政策的决策机制与程序：公司根据经营情况、投资规划和长期发展等需要，
对《公司章程》确定的现金分红政策进行调整或者变更的，调整后的现金分红政策须符合中国
证监会和上海证券交易所的相关规定，有关调整现金分红政策的议案需征求独立董事意见，经
公司董事会审议并提交股东大会特别决议审议通过。
公司向境内上市外资股股东支付股利，以人民币计价和宣布，以外币支付。
第二节 内部审计
第一百五十六条 公司实行内部审计制度，配备专职审计人员，对公司财务收支和经
济活动进行内部审计监督。
第一百五十七条 公司内部审计制度和审计人员的职责，应当经董事会批准后实施。
审计负责人向董事会负责并报告工作。
第三节 会计师事务所的聘任
第一百五十八条 公司聘用取得“从事证券相关业务资格”的会计师事务所进行会计
报表审计、净资产验证及其他相关的咨询服务等业务，聘期一年，可以续聘。
第一百五十九条 公司聘用会计师事务所由股东大会决定，董事会不得在股东大会决
定前委任会计师事务所。
第一百六十条 公司保证向聘用的会计师事务所提供真实、完整的会计凭证、会计账簿、
财务会计报告及其他会计资料，不得拒绝、隐匿、谎报。
第一百六十一条 会计师事务所的审计费用由股东大会决定。
第一百六十二条 公司解聘或者不再续聘会计师事务所时，提前 60 天事先通知会计师
事务所，公司股东大会就解聘会计师事务所进行表决时，允许会计师事务所陈述意见。会计师
事务所提出辞聘的，应当向股东大会说明公司有无不当事情。
27
第九章 通知和公告
第一节 通 知
第一百六十三条 公司的通知以下列形式发出：
（一）以专人送出；
（二）以邮件方式送出；
（三）以公告方式进行；
（四）公司章程规定的其他形式。
第一百六十四条 公司发出的通知，以公告方式进行的，一经公告，视为所有相关人
员收到通知。
第一百六十五条 公司召开股东大会的会议通知，以信函或传真通知参加登记的股东。
第一百六十六条 公司召开董事会的会议通知，以信函或传真通知方式进行。
第一百六十七条 公司召开监事会的会议通知，以信函或传真通知方式进行。
第一百六十八条 公司通知以专人送出的，由被送达人在送达回执上签名（或盖章），
被送达人签收日期为送达日期；公司通知以邮件送出的，自交付邮局之日起第 5 个工作日为送
达日期；公司通知以公告方式送出的，第一次公告刊登日为送达日期。
第一百六十九条 因意外遗漏未向某有权得到通知的人送出会议通知或者该等人没有
收到会议通知，会议及会议作出的决议并不因此无效。
第二节 公 告
第一百七十条 公司指定上海证券报、中国证券报、证券时报及香港商报，为刊登公司
公告和和其他需要披露信息的报刊。
第十章 合并、分立、增资、减资、解散和清算
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第一节 合并、分立、增资和减资
第一百七十一条 公司合并可以采取吸收合并或者新设合并两种形式。
一个公司吸收其他公司为吸收合并，被吸收的公司解散。两个以上公司合并设立一个新的
公司为新设合并，合并各方解散。
第一百七十二条 公司合并，应当由合并各方签订合并协议，并编制资产负债表及财
产清单。公司应当自作出合并决议之日起 10 日内通知债权人，并于 30 日内在《中国证券报》
上公告。债权人自接到通知书之日起 30 日内，未接到通知书的自公告之日起 45 日内，可以要
求公司清偿债务或者提供相应的担保。
第一百七十三条 公司合并时，合并各方的债权、债务，由合并后存续的公司或者新
设的公司承继。
第一百七十四条 公司分立，其财产作相应的分割。
公司分立，应当编制资产负债表及财产清单。公司应当自作出分立决议之日起 10 日内通知
债权人，并于 30 日内在《中国证券报》上公告。
第一百七十五条 公司分立前的债务由分立后的公司承担连带责任。但是，公司在分
立前与债权人就债务清偿达成的书面协议另有约定的除外。
第一百七十六条 公司需要减少注册资本时，必须编制资产负债表及财产清单。
公司应当自作出减少注册资本决议之日起 10 日内通知债权人，并于 30 日内在《中国证券
报》上公告。债权人自接到通知书之日起 30 日内，未接到通知书的自公告之日起 45 日内，有
权要求公司清偿债务或者提供相应的担保。
公司减资后的注册资本将不低于法定的最低限额。
第一百七十七条 公司合并或者分立，登记事项发生变更的，依法向公司登记机关办
理变更登记；公司解散的，依法办理公司注销登记；设立新公司的，依法办理公司设立登记。
公司增加或者减少注册资本，应当依法向公司登记机关办理变更登记。
第二节 解散和清算
第一百七十八条 公司因下列原因解散：
（一）本章程规定的营业期限届满或者本章程规定的其他解散事由出现；
（二）股东大会决议解散；
（三）因公司合并或者分立需要解散；
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（四）依法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭或者被撤销；
(五)公司经营管理发生严重困难，继续存续会使股东利益受到重大损失，通过其他途径不能
解决的，持有公司全部股东表决权 10%以上的股东，可以请求人民法院解散公司。
第一百七十九条 公司有本章程第一百七十八条第(一)项情形的，可以通过修改本章
程而存续。
依照前款规定修改本章程，须经出席股东大会会议的股东所持表决权的 2/3 以上通过。
第一百八十条 公司因本章程第一百七十八条第(一)项、第(二)项、第(四)项、第(五)
项规定而解散的，应当在解散事由出现之日起 15 日内成立清算组，开始清算。清算组由董事或
者股东大会确定的人员组成。逾期不成立清算组进行清算的，债权人可以申请人民法院指定有
关人员组成清算组进行清算。
第一百八十一条 清算组在清算期间行使下列职权：
（一）通知或者公告债权人；
（二）清理公司财产、分别编制资产负债表和财产清单；
（三）处理与清算有关的公司未了结的业务；
（四）清缴所欠税款以及清算过程中产生的税款；
（五）清理债权、债务；
（六）处理公司清偿债务后的剩余财产；
（七）代表公司参与民事诉讼活动。
第一百八十二条 清算组应当自成立之日起十日内通知债权人，并于六十日内在至少
一种中国证监会指定报刊上公告三次。债权人应当自接到通知书之日起 30 日内，未接到通知书
的自公告之日起 45 日内，向清算组申报其债权。
债权人申报债权，应当说明债权的有关事项，并提供证明材料。清算组应当对债权进行登
记。
在申报债权期间，清算组不得对债权人进行清偿。
第一百八十三条 清算组在清理公司财产、编制资产负债表和财产清单后，应当制定
清算方案，并报股东大会或者人民法院确认。
公司财产在分别支付清算费用、职工的工资、社会保险费用和法定补偿金，缴纳所欠税款，
清偿公司债务后的剩余财产，公司按照股东持有的股份比例分配。
清算期间，公司存续，但不能开展与清算无关的经营活动。公司财产在未按前款规定清偿
前，将不会分配给股东。
第一百八十四条 清算组在清理公司财产、编制资产负债表和财产清单后，发现公司
财产不足清偿债务的，应当向人民法院申请宣告破产。
公司经人民法院宣告破产后，清算组应当将清算事务移交给人民法院。
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第一百八十五条 公司清算结束后，清算组应当制作清算报告，报股东大会或者人民
法院确认，并报送公司登记机关，申请注销公司登记，公告公司终止。
第一百八十六条 清算组人员应当忠于职守，依法履行清算义务，不得利用职权收受
贿赂或者其他非法收入,不得侵占公司财产。
清算组人员因故意或者重大过失给公司或者债权人造成损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。
第一百八十七条 公司被依法宣告破产的，依照有关企业破产的法律实施破产清算。
第十一章 修改章程
第一百八十八条 有下列情形之一的，公司应当修改章程：
（一）《公司法》或有关法律、行政法规修改后，章程规定的事项与修改后的法律、行政法
规的规定相抵触；
（二）公司的情况发生变化，与章程记载的事项不一致；
（三）股东大会决定修改章程。
第一百八十九条 股东大会决议通过的章程修改事项应经主管机关审批的，须报主管
机关批准；涉及公司登记事项的，依法办理变更登记。
第一百九十条 董事会依照股东大会修改章程的决议和有关主管机关的审批意见修改公
司章程。
第一百九十一条 章程修改事项属于法律、法规要求披露的信息，按规定予以公告。
第十二章 附 则
第一百九十二条 释义
(一)控股股东，是指其持有的股份占公司股本总额 50%以上的股东；持有股份的比例虽然不
足 50%，但依其持有的股份所享有的表决权已足以对股东大会的决议产生重大影响的股东。
(二)实际控制人，是指虽不是公司的股东，但通过投资关系、协议或者其他安排，能够实际
支配公司行为的人。
(三)中小投资者，是指以下股东以外的其他股东：1、上市公司的董事、监事、高级管理人
员；2、单独或者合计持有上市公司 5%以上股份的股东。
(四)关联关系，是指公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员与其直接或者
间接控制的企业之间的关系，以及可能导致公司利益转移的其他关系。但是，国家控股的企业
之间不仅因为同受国家控股而具有关联关系。
（五）一致行动人，是指通过口头或书面协议、合作、关联方关系、默契等合法途径扩大其
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对公司股份的控制比例，或者巩固其对公司的控制地位，在行使公司表决权时采取相同意思表
示的两个以上的自然人、法人或者其他组织。采取相同意思表示的情形包括但不限于共同提案、
共同推荐董事、委托行使未注明投票意向的表决权等情形；但是公开征集投票代理权的除外。
经董事会二分之一以上董事有理由认为系一致行动人的，即推
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had been partitioned long before the actual partition happened. That fragmented identity of the Muslims of Bengal haunted them very much. The Hindus of Bengal, in general, believed that the Muslims of Bengal were not Bengalis. Primarily, two factors were at play behind this misconception about the Muslims. The Kolkata based Hindu Bengali intellectuals had an important role in it. The majority of the Muslims of Kolkata were non- Bengali in origin. They used to speak in Hindustani and Urdu. Moreover, the upper class Muslims stressed their foreign origin publicly to enhance their social status. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Muslim writers of Bengal developed a distinct style of Bengali language loaded with Urdu and Arabic words. However, at the subaltern level, both the Hindus and the Muslims shared almost the same language and culture. Yet the Muslims of Bengal often faced embarrassing questions like, “Oh, are you a Muslim? I thought you are a Bengali.” The Partition made the identity issue of the Muslims more problematic than before. As a section of the Muslims had demanded Pakistan, the loyalty of the Muslims as a whole was questioned. They were labelled as anti-national and constantly looked upon with a degree of suspicion. Even today, they required to prove that they were not anti-nationals in their everyday life. They are placed in the category of second-class citizen. In the popular mainstream Hindi films, the Muslims were essentialized as feudal, anti-modern, dogmatic, traitors and more recently, since the 1990s, as terrorists. It is interesting that in the post-Independence Bengali films, Muslims are almost missing though they form nearly one fourth of the total population of West Bengal. Same thing has happened in the case of West Bengal based Bengali literature.
The Question of Equity
Theoretically, under the secular constitution of India, all citizens are equal in the eyes of law. The Indian state, which came out of partition, declared itself secular. However, in actual practice, it failed to satisfy the minorities. The minorities, particularly the Muslims were treated separately on the ground of national security as their loyalty was suspected. They were treated as outsiders. They were barred in intelligence services. They are still ill represented in administrative and other higher services as well as in academic institutions at all India level. In West Bengal, the situation was no better. Here, the Muslims were historically far behind the Hindus in respect of wealth, power and education. It was only during the last two decades of the undivided Bengal that the Muslim middle class came out to challenge the superiority of their Hindu counterparts by utilizing the newly acquired political power and benefits of reservation in government jobs. With the partition, the situation changed drastically. The benefit of reservation was withdrawn. Moreover, the arrival of the educated middle class refugees from East Pakistan made it very difficult for the Muslim youth to find a job. Some times the pro-Hindu attitude of the employers came in their way. Sayed Abdul Halim, a retired Deputy Inspector of School, Government of West Bengal spoke out about the discrimination he had experienced in his whole tenure of service.
“I served honestly and sincerely through out my service life (1955-91). However, I did not get due promotion though many of my junior officers got that. It was very difficult for the educated Muslim youth to get jobs in our times… before the coming of the West Bengal School Service Commission, as almost all the school managing committees were controlled by the Hindus; it was very difficult for our boys to get into the school service. Today my two sons are serving in schools. I am sure; they could not have got these jobs if the School Service Commission had not been formed.”
Though Muslims are inadequately represented in the state services there is no provision for any reservation for them in West Bengal. Some other states like Kerala have provided statutory reservations for Muslims in jobs and admission in educational institutions. Muslims account for 23% of the population of Kerala. Provisions for reservation have been made for them by the Government of Kerala under Articles 15 (4) and 16 (4) of the Constitution of India and there has been no legal hurdle to such reservations.
Thus, the partition had a disastrous effect on the Muslims of Bengal. The partition drove out the creamy layer of the Muslim society of West Bengal. Those who stayed on were progressively marginalized in every aspect of life. During the first two decades after partition, they faced a tremendous communal hostility. The Hindus, particularly the Hindu refugees demonized the Muslims, as a collective cultural memory of uprootment from their homeland (for which they blamed the Muslims) had been very much powerful among them. The Hindu Bengali refugees intensified the general hostility towards the Muslims of West Bengal that was reflected in repeated attacks on them. The prime agenda of the Muslims of West Bengal was how to secure their life and property. They isolated themselves into ghettos, particularly in the riot-affected areas like Kolkata. The ghettoization of the Muslims and their withdrawal from the mainstream society is one of the greatest tragedies of contemporary history of West Bengal. They faced a very complex crisis of identity. How to locate themselves in the new political system that emerged out of Independence/ Partition was one of the greatest challenges to the Muslims of West Bengal (as well as India). They were isolated, alienated and their identity was fragmented. Therefore, we have now the reproduction of the concept of partition as the only way out, even when the nation is not being territorially partitioned. Each group now must have its own defined territory. Our nationalist history seems have left no other solution for us. Thus, the territorial partition leads to more fragmentation in the partitioned societies, which is evident from the experience of the Muslims of West Bengal after the Partition in 1947.
[A version of this paper has been published in Indian Journal of Politics, Vol. XLII, No.1 & 2 (January-June 2009)]<|endoftext|>سیدمهدی طبیبزاده عنوان کرد: در این راستا معاونت کسب و کار یا مرکز کسب و کار را در اتاق کرمان ایجاد میکنیم به طوری که تمامی مشکلات فعالان اقتصادی به این مرکز ارسال و سپس به تناسب موضوع به کمیسیون های مختلف ارجاع داده می شود.
وی گفت: در ادامه برای پیگیری مسائل مربوط به کمیسیون ها، در هیات رئیسه فردی تعیین، موضوعات مطرح و پیگیری میشوند و سپس توسط اتاق اجرا خواهد شد.
او با اشاره به اجرایی شدن کمتر از ۲۰ درصد قانون بهبود فضای کسب و کار در شش سال گذشته بیان کرد: به نظر میآید اکنون اراده جدی برای اجرای این قانون در کشور به وجود آمده تا بخش مهمی از مشکلات برطرف شود.
رییس اتاق بازرگانی، صنایع، معادن و کشاورزی تصریح کرد: همچنین کمیسیونها می توانند از تشکیل مثلث دولت، بخش خصوصی و دانشگاه در اتاق، کمک بگیرند تا مسائل را با کمک دانشگاهها پیگیری کنند.
وی اظهار کرد: مسئله آب با وجود محدودیتزا بودن آن بسیار اهمیت داشته و باید به این نکته توجه داشت که کرمان با سرانه ۲ هزار و ۱۰۰ مترمکعب پس از خوزستان دومین استان پرمصرف آب است اما گردش مالی فعلی از مصرف آب در استان حدود ۵ میلیارد دلار است در حالی که می تواند به ۲۰ میلیارد دلار برسد.
طبیب زاده با اشاره به قابلیت های زیاد و نیازمند سرمایهگذاری اندک در توسعه گردشگری، فرش و صنایع دستی گفت: در صنعت نیز باید فعالیت های صنعتی متناسب با نیاز باشد و در بخش معدن ارزش افزوده لازم و نهضت فناوری و فرآوری ایجاد شود.
وی ادامه داد: متاسفانه در کشور باور جدی به صادرات وجود ندارند و به همین دلیل مشکلات بسیاری در حوزه گمرکات، حمل و نقل، ویزا و… را شاهد هستیم که کمیسیون بازرگانی باید به این موارد توجه داشته باشد.
رییس اتاق بازرگانی، صنایع، معادن و کشاورزی با تاکید بر اینکه پرداختن به بهرهوری با توجه به اینکه ۳۰ درصد از رشد اقتصادی استان باید از این طریق تامین شود را بسیار مهم است افزود: در این رابطه مرکز رقابتپذیری را راهاندازی کردیم و در این دوره باید بیشتر و وسیعتر به آن بپردازیم.
وی به اهمیت کسب و کارهای نوین، IT و ICT اشاره کرد و عنوان کرد: یکی از راههای نجات اقتصاد کشور در شرایط نامناسب فضای کسب و کار، تتوجه جدی به کسب و کارهای نوین است.<|endoftext|>An imposing line of caribou stretches for miles across the frozen tundra of Alaska. The sound of clicking hooves echoes through the air as the herd follows its centuries-old migration route. With their thick coats and their padded, shovel-like hooves, caribou are ideally adapted to their snowbound environment, and this lively children’s book explores their habits and habitat—as well as the dangers that await the young and old—along this ancient trail. Writer Debbie S. Miller and artist Jon Van Zyle are keen naturalists and the premier duo in Alaska children’s literature, and this beautifully illustrated appreciation of the caribou—now back in print—brings this stately mammal alluringly to life.
A detailed, richly illustrated title. Miller is a natural storyteller and expertly interweaves facts into her narrative. Van Zyle’s dramatic paintings . . . vividly portray seasonal changes in the land and life cycle of the caribou . . . . An exceptional source of information and an outstanding picture book.<|endoftext|>بررسی اجمالی
- آروغ زدن چقدر طبیعی است؟ این از فردی به فرد دیگر متفاوت است و از جمله به رژیم غذایی و احساس شما بستگی دارد.
- علل آروغ زدن: به عنوان مثال. غذا خوردن با عجله، صحبت زیاد در حین غذا خوردن، نوشیدنی های گازدار، بارداری، بیماری های مختلف (التهاب معده، بیماری ریفلاکس، عدم تحمل غذایی، تومورها و غیره).
- چه چیزی به آروغ زدن کمک می کند؟ گاهی اوقات تغییر در رژیم غذایی، وعده های کوچکتر یا آهسته غذا خوردن می تواند کمک کننده باشد. اگر بیماری زمینه ای وجود داشته باشد، پزشک آن را درمان می کند که معمولا آروغ زدن را نیز تنظیم می کند.
چقدر آروغ زدن طبیعی است؟
اینکه چقدر آروغ زدن طبیعی است در افراد مختلف متفاوت است و همیشه یک سوال درک شخصی است. برای برخی، آروغ زدن چندین بار در روز کاملا طبیعی است. دیگران هر آروغی را ناخوشایند می دانند.
با این وجود، آروغ زدن اغلب بی ضرر است و صرفاً یک رفلکس بدن برای کاهش احساس سیری است که هنگام تجمع گاز در معده ایجاد می شود.
برخلاف استفراغ، آروغ زدن باعث انقباض اسپاسم معده نمی شود. همچنین هیچ حرکت عضلانی به عقب مری (پریستالسیس) وجود ندارد، که تضمین می کند که محتویات معده به صورت فوران در هنگام استفراغ خارج می شود.
آروغ زدن: علل و بیماری های احتمالی
نارسایی (مکرر) می تواند دلایل مختلفی داشته باشد. مهمترین آنها هستند
متداول ترین دلیل آروغ زدن یا آروغ زدن شخصی قطعا بلعیدن هوا در حین غذا خوردن است. مخصوصاً وقتی کسی با عجله غذا می خورد، با هر لقمه کمی هوا وارد معده می شود. اگر مکالمه پر جنب و جوش داشته باشید و هنگام غذا خوردن زیاد صحبت کنید، همین امر صدق می کند. سپس مقداری از هوای معده از طریق آروغ زدن دوباره راه خود را "بیرون" پیدا می کند. بقیه به سمت روده ها حرکت می کند.
این نوع آروغ زدن کاملا طبیعی است. شما نباید آن را سرکوب کنید، زیرا در غیر این صورت ممکن است دچار نفخ شوید، اما در بهترین حالت باید هوا را با احتیاط از پشت خود خارج کنید.
افزایش گازها
علاوه بر هوای معمولی تنفسی، هنگام آروغ زدن گاز نیز می تواند بالا بیاید. گاهی اوقات این گازها در طول هضم تولید می شوند. با این حال، گاز همچنین می تواند پس از نوشیدن یک نوشیدنی گازدار در معده جمع شود و سپس از طریق آروغ زدن خارج شود. این دو میتوانند به صورت ترکیبی نیز رخ دهند: برای مثال، اگر غذای حاوی حبوباتی مانند نخود یا عدس میخورید و با آن کولا مینوشید، نباید از آروغ زدن مکرر تعجب کنید.
علاوه بر حبوبات، پیاز، محصولات سبوس دار و مخمر، قهوه و خامه نیز اثر نفخ شکم دارند.
آروغ زدن با محتویات جامد یا مایع معده
تنها در صورتی که این امر به طور منظم، به خصوص پس از مصرف غذاهای چرب و شیرین اتفاق بیفتد، می تواند بیماری ریفلاکس (بیماری ریفلاکس) علت آن باشد. در این حالت افزایش اسید معده باعث تحریک لوله غذا می شود که به صورت احساس سوزش دردناک در قفسه سینه (سوزش سر دل) ظاهر می شود. در دراز مدت، غشای مخاطی مری در اثر تماس مکرر با اسید تهاجمی معده آسیب می بیند و دندان ها نیز از بالا رفتن مکرر محتویات معده به داخل دهان رنج می برند.
در موارد نادرتر، بیماری های دیگر مسئول آروغ زدن بیش از حد هستند:
- باریک شدن (تنگی) مری: اگر کیم هنوز هضم نشده باشد، ممکن است به دلیل تنگی (تنگی) مری باشد و بنابراین غذای بلعیده شده نمی تواند یا فقط تا حدی وارد معده شود. باریک شدن ممکن است مادرزادی یا به دلیل تومور باشد.
- نشتی ورودی معده: اگر حلقه عضلانی (اسفنکتر) در محل اتصال مری و معده به درستی بسته نشود، هوا، گاز و محتویات جامد معده راحتتر به سمت بالا عبور میکنند. این می تواند به عنوان یک عارضه جانبی برخی داروها (داروهای روانگردان، آنتاگونیست های کلسیم) یا از بدو تولد نیز رخ دهد.
- التهاب پوشش معده: التهاب پوشش معده (گاستریت) نیز می تواند دلیلی برای آروغ زدن مکرر باشد. التهاب اغلب در اثر کلونیزاسیون با باکتری هلیکوباکتر پیلوری ایجاد می شود.
- انقباض در خروجی معده: اگر ماهیچه های خروجی معده (دروازه بان) سفت شوند، غذای هضم شده به دوازدهه نمی رود. اسکار بعد از زخم یا تومور گاهاً تأثیر مشابهی دارد. مورد دوم همچنین می تواند در خارج از معده قرار گیرد، به عنوان مثال در مورد سرطان پانکراس.
- انسداد روده (ایلئوس): بسیار نادر، اما ترسناک تر، برگشت غذای هضم شده به شدت با بوی مدفوع است. این معمولاً به دلیل انسداد روده ایجاد می شود که غذای هضم شده نمی تواند از آن عبور کند. در نتیجه، تجمع پیدا می کند و در موارد شدید، به داخل دهان باز می گردد.
- عدم تحمل غذایی: اگر آروغ زدن به ویژه پس از خوردن غذاهای خاص رخ دهد، ممکن است به دلیل عدم تحمل غذایی مانند عدم تحمل گلوتن (بیماری سلیاک) یا عدم تحمل لاکتوز باشد.
آروغ زدن در دوران بارداری
متأسفانه، نه تنها هوا، بلکه اسید معده نیز زمان آسان تری برای رسیدن به اوج دارد. به همین دلیل است که زنان باردار اغلب دچار سوزش سر دل می شوند. با این حال، معمولاً پس از زایمان دوباره ناپدید می شود.
آروغ زدن: چه چیزی کمک می کند؟
از آنجایی که آروغ زدن اغلب دلایل بی ضرری دارد، تعدادی از کارها وجود دارد که می توانید خودتان برای کمک به "آزاد شدن بی رویه هوا" انجام دهید:
- آهسته غذا بخورید و به اندازه کافی بجوید: برای جلوگیری از بلعیدن هوای زیاد، وقت خود را صرف غذا کنید و به اندازه کافی بجوید. سپس احتمالاً بعد از آن باید کمتر آروغ بزنید.
- در حین غذا خوردن کمتر صحبت کنید: اگر هنگام غذا خوردن زیاد صحبت نکنید، بلع هوا در حین غذا خوردن نیز محدود می شود.
- از مصرف شیرینی جات، غذاهای چرب و قهوه زیاد خودداری کنید: اگر مکرراً از سوزش معده رنج می برید، باید از مصرف غذاهای بسیار شیرین و چرب خودداری کنید، زیرا اینها مشکل را تشدید می کند. در مورد قهوه بیش از حد نیز وضعیت مشابه است.
- چندین وعده غذایی کوچک: همچنین خوردن چندین وعده غذایی کوچک در طول روز به جای فشار بیش از حد دستگاه گوارش با چند وعده غذایی بزرگ می تواند برای مقابله با آروغ زدن مفید باشد.
- بدون کربناته: به جای نوشیدنی های گازدار، سعی کنید بیشتر اوقات آب بدون گاز بنوشید. سپس باید کمتر آروغ بزنید.
آروغ زدن: دکتر چیکار میکنه؟
اول از همه، پزشک باید علت آروغ زدن را پیدا کند. سپس درمان به این بستگی دارد.
تشخیص آروغ زدن
اول از همه، پزشک سوالات مفصلی (سابقه پزشکی) از بیمار می پرسد، مانند زمانی که بیمار آروغ می زند، تا چه حد و آیا شکایات دیگری (مثلاً سوزش سر دل) وجود دارد یا خیر. بسته به اطلاعات این مشاوره اولیه و مشکوک بودن پزشک، ممکن است معاینات مختلفی انجام شود. به عنوان مثال، گاستروسکوپی اغلب مفید است: این به پزشک اجازه می دهد تا در مری و معده دلایل احتمالی افزایش آروغ زدن (مانند باریک شدن مری، ورم معده) را بررسی کند.
درمان آروغ زدن
هنگامی که علت آروغ زدن مشخص شد، پزشک درمان مناسب را آغاز می کند. مثال ها
- اگر برجستگی یا باریک شدن روده یا مری علت آن تشخیص داده شود، گاهی اوقات می توان این مشکل را با یک عمل جزئی در حین گاستروسکوپی برطرف کرد. در غیر این صورت مداخلات جراحی جزئی به دنبال دارد.
- پزشک معمولا بیماری ریفلاکس و ورم معده را با دارو درمان می کند (مهارکننده های پمپ پروتون، آنتی بیوتیک برای گاستریت).
- انسداد روده باید در اسرع وقت به صورت پزشکی درمان شود. گاهی اوقات دارو کافی است، اما معمولاً جراح مجبور است از چاقوی جراحی استفاده کند.
- توم
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