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هرا انصاری نسب
بخش نهج البلاغه تبیان
منبع:
داستان های نهج البلاغه، محمد محمد اشتهاردی
سایت سرای باقی 打官司当事人
实行者：福建福州村庄商业倾斜飞行股份有限公司华林，驻地地福建省抚州市鼓楼区五四路243号。
代表人物Ni Chunyun。
付托代劳人Li Ping、应维俊，福建是法度公司的恳求者。
被告人Xiao Li，女，汉族，生于1975年12月26日，住在鼓楼区，福州，福建。
被告人何勇生，男，汉族，生于1968年3月5日，住在鼓楼区，福州，福建。
被告人郑旭华，男，汉族，生于1975年5月10日，住在瓯海域，温州，浙江。
听发生
实行者：福建福州村庄商业倾斜飞行股份有限公司华林（以下省略“农商倾斜飞行华林小分支”）因与被告人Xiao Li、何勇生、郑旭华财政专款和约纠纷案，向养老院提起打官司。养老院受权后，依法到达合议庭，开听探察。。实行者农商倾斜飞行华林小分支的付托代劳人应维俊出庭插脚了打官司，被告人Xiao Li、何勇生、郑旭华被养老院依法估计。，法庭上心不在焉合法的说辞。筹码已得出结论。。
实行者评议
实行者农事商业倾斜飞行Hualin扩大某人的兴趣，2012年9月27日，实行者与被告人Xiao Li、郑旭华协同签字了出色的保证权存款和约。，在议定书中拟定从2012年9月27日开端至2015年9月26日。，由实行者在出色的存款留存下的人民币450万元整内，借钱给专款人，每笔存款的顶点失效日期不超过2015年9月26日；每笔存款的归纳、决意、条款、利钱率和还款方法鉴于；专款人心不在焉克期发工资利钱。，利钱率按第三方的过期罚金率计算。；被告人受传唤时未出庭，实行者有提早撤回未成年人的存款的利益。。被告人郑旭华自愿去做规则他场所的有价值的人或物房屋。：榕房权证R字第××号）及其获得运用作为被告人Xiao Li专款的保证物。单方鉴于规则实施保证登记簿。。和约见效后，实行者于2013年9月12日向被告人Xiao Li发给存款450万元整。到2014年6月20日底，被告人Xiao Li违背和约商定欠息人民币元未遣送，于是实行者不得不撤回存款的基金和利钱。，依法实施存款保证。鉴于被告人Xiao Li的专款行动发生于其与被告人何勇生夫妇相干存续和谐，存款应该夫妇协同约会，故被告人何勇生对被告人Xiao Li的该约会应蛮横的人协同归还的工作。地基《出色的额批准专款和约》第五条第十一款发生着的“专款人应承当与本和约及本和约项下批准使关心的恳求者服侍、管保、运费、评价、管、评议、公证和每费和八分之一条、第第三条保证权覆盖物范畴、利钱、过期罚金、刑罚、损害赔偿和使掉转船头CLA所需的每费和宁静费、调解费、有价值的人或物保护费、恳求者费、差旅费、给予帮助费、评价费、甩卖费等在议定书中拟定。，被告人的解约引起实行者插脚打官司。，地基人民解放军签字的付托代劳在议定书中拟定，实行者发生恳求者费亏损人民币80089元整，于是，被告人应承当实质性的的指责。，实行者关于这一点向法院做出计划上诉。。
实行者农事倾斜飞行Hualin扩大某人的兴趣的盘问：1、判令被告人Xiao Li、何勇生提早遣送实行者专款基金人民币450万元，利钱、复利人民币元（该利钱及复利暂计至2014年6月20日止，尔后利钱、迟到的利钱及复利按和约规则发工资，直至PRIN发工资。及恳求者费80089元整；2、判令实行者有权就被告人郑旭华有价值的人或物的位置鼓楼区温泉街道的房产（房屋有价值的人或物权证号：榕房权证R字第××号）及其获得运用折扣价格或许甩卖、出卖进项以归还一号索取者。；3、判令由被告人承当本案的每打官司费。
表现
奇纳的亚农事和商业倾斜飞行华林小分支：1、批准存款和约的最大归纳：Hua Lin Branch的借用词（2012）第三千一百四十七和不动产保证认知度；2、存款专款人；3、房屋有价值的人或物权证、文书硬拷贝；4、存款明细账；5、成家立室证硬拷贝；6、付托-代劳和约；7、收条单、恳求者费发票。
被告人辩白
被告人Xiao Li、何勇生、郑旭华心不在焉辩解，心不在焉在内什么都可以表现。
表现
被告人Xiao Li、何勇生、郑旭华心不在焉到法庭插脚打官司。，作为保持表现、大规模的颁发专业合格证书的利益。经审察，法院证实实行者在内的表持续存在意见不同。、法律上的义务与资料检索能力，它可以作为评议探察现实性的根底。。
学会决定
经审讯决定的，2012年9月27日，实行者农商倾斜飞行华林小分支（存款人）与被告人Xiao Li（专款人）、郑旭华（保证人）签字了最大批准存款和约：Hualin扩大某人的兴趣存款函（2012）第三千一百四十七，在议定书中拟定从2012年9月27日开端至2015年9月26日。，由存款人在出色的存款留存下的人民币450万元内，地基专款人的不得不和存款人资产的能够供应，借钱给专款人；和谐的连续是决定最大秒数的和谐。，每笔存款的顶点失效日期不超过2015年9月26日；流动资产应用的范畴是流动资产、消耗；每笔存款的归纳、决意、条款、利钱率和还款方法鉴于；存款专款人作为本和约的组成部分，具有与本和约平行的法度效力；存款利钱率是月利钱率，漂利钱率，在基准利钱率的根底上漂55%。，每1000个给予帮助率；在基准利钱率调解的状况下，利钱率调解日期从下个月起调解。；存款迟到的，利钱是从迟到的存款的纤细的利钱率计算暴露的。，按和约利钱率加50%的利钱率，或按每日利钱率计息3/10000；专款人心不在焉克期发工资利钱。，利钱率是以利钱率为根底计算的。；专款人该当承当恳求者的批准工作。、管保、运费、评价、登记簿、管、评议、每费，如公证；本和约存款的批准方法为：，批准人愿用意借出人规则出色的归纳的沽出。，批准的债务基金出色的留存下的为人民币450万元；批准人增加以批准人的名让有价值的人或物。：无花果树屋保证权规则最大保证权；保证权的范畴包罗基本上的首要工作。、利钱、过期罚金、刑罚、损害赔偿和使掉转船头CLA所需的每费和宁静费、调解费、有价值的人或物保护费、恳求者费、差旅费、给予帮助费、评价费、甩卖费等。；专款人、什么都可以批准人解约，存款人有权中止还没有发行的存款发给。，提早撤回未成年人的存款。实行者农商倾斜飞行华林小分支与被告人郑旭华于2012年10月11日实施了保证登记簿手续，流露约会数额是出色的债务。实行者于2013年9月12日向被告人Xiao Li发给存款450万元，存款专款人表明专款利钱率为‰/月，还款日期是2014年9月11日。，还款的方法是按月的计息。，成年人的还款。存款发给后，被告人Xiao Li未能依约发工资利钱，利钱已于2014年6月20日成年人的。、人民币合计人民币，实行者关于这一点向法院做出计划上诉。，并已扩张恳求者代劳费人民币80089元。
也确定，被告人Xiao Li与被告人何勇生于2003年1月22日登记簿成家立室。
学会
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It should be noted that these processes are not the same as genetic engineering.)
The Role of Gluten
The compositional changes of wheat have very real impacts for the humans who consume it. Crossbreeding programs have changed the structure of wheat’s gluten proteins, providing a possible explanation for why the prevalence of celiac disease and gluten intolerance has increased dramatically in the United States over the last 50 years
An increase in celiac diagnoses can be partly attributed to heightened awareness of the disease (it’s also possible this incidence rate is exaggerated, as the phenomenon isn’t yet observed in other parts of the “developed” world). But as occurrences of celiac disease have escalated, so too has the prevalence of gluten sensitivity — which researchers now define as a separate clinical entity, similar to (and perhaps even more widespread than) celiac
When it comes to modern wheat, gluten is quickly becoming the most famous “protein of interest.” But wheat’s composition has changed in other ways that are raising eyebrows.
Some critics of modern wheat cite health risks associated with its high levels of the starch Amylopectin A, which has been linked to the development of insulin resistance (a precursor to diabetes, heart disease, and weight gain) in rats
Also under suspicion are modern wheat’s polypeptides, chains of amino acids that make up the protein gliadin in the plants. Wheat critics accuse these polypeptides (also called “exorphins”) of acting like endorphins in the body, making people feel “high” after eating wheat-laden carbs — and prompting them to crave more. However, there’s no definitive proof of this direct link between gliadin and addictive behavior. As with Amylopectin A, few contemporary studies address the question of whether or how much polypeptides might affect people’s health. In short, more research is needed to confirm whether or not modern wheat’s polypeptides pose a risk to human health.
Whither Wheat? — The Takeaway
The verdict is still out on whether modern wheat’s high starch content and exorphins are of serious concern for the average wheat consumer. What is certain is that modern wheat has changed distinctly from its historical composition, and the modified gluten protein might be a culprit in the striking rise in both celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.
For my own part, I’ve been gluten-free for going on ten months. Some, but not all, of my health issues have begun to resolve — enough so that I’m committed to remaining gluten-free. The elimination of gluten from a person’s diet is a matter of individual choice and medical needs. But the increased prevalence of gluten sensitivities is a strong call for more research into the new world of wheat.
Are you worried about modern wheat? Do you think critics are getting too worked up over too little evidence? Share in comments below or get in touch with the author on Twitter @LauraNewc. Avrupa ülkelerinde bugüne dek koronavirüse yakalanan kişi sayısı 46 milyona ulaşırken artan vakalar nedeniyle hükümetler sıkı tedbirleri yeniden uyguluyor.
5,5 milyon nüfuslu Slovakya'da halkın yaklaşık yarısına seferberlik kapsamında ücretsiz Covid-19 testi uygulandı.
Savunma Bakanı Jaroslav Nad, cumartesi günü 2.58 milyon vatandaşa test yapıldığını, sonuçları pozitif çıkanların karantinaya alındığını duyurdu. Günlük yeni vaka sayısının dün 2 bin 282 olarak açıklandığı ülkede, 40 binden fazla sağlık görevlisi ve destek ekipleri, testleri uygulamak için yaklaşık 5 bin bölgede görev yapıyor.
KARANTİNA KURALLARI
Günlük vaka sayılarının 20 bine ulaştığı İngiltere'de ise dünden beri dört haftalık karantina kuralları uygulanmaya başlandı. İngiltere Başbakanı Boris Johnson, ülke çapında mağazalar, barlar, kafeler başta olmak üzere çoğu işyerinin kapatıldığını, okullar ve üniversitelerin açık olduğu duyurdu.
MEKANLAR KAPATILDI
Fransa'dan sonra Yunanistan ve Avusturya'da da gece sokağa çıkma yasakları ve karantina devreye girdi. Günlük vakaların bini aşarak rekor kırdığı Yunanistan'da başkent Atina başta olmak üzere birçok kentte restoranlar, barlar, kafeler, sinemalar, spor salonlarını kapatıldı. Avusturya'da da günlük vaka sayısının 5 bini geçmesi üzerine her gün 10 saatlik sokağa çıkma yasağı getirildi. Belarus Devlet Sınır Komitesi ise ülke sınırlarının Covid-19 salgını ile mücadele kapsamında dünden itibaren yabancılara kapatıldığını duyurdu.
İspanya'da koronavirüs salgınına karşı alınan önlemleri protesto etmek için Barselona'da önceki gün yapılan eylemlere polis müdahalesi sonucu 47 kişi gözaltına alındı.
Video haberler için YouTube kanalımıza abone olun Describe four components of health promotion.
Chapter 4, Health Education and Health Promotion
he community health nurse is planning a health promotion workshop for a high school PTSO (Parent-Teacher-Student Organization). The choice of topics was suggested by the high school’s registered nurse who has observed a gradual increase in student obesity. The two nurses have collaborated to develop this workshop to provide parents, students, and teachers with information about the importance of health promotion. (Learning Objectives 6, 8, and 9). Nursing Questions & Answers .
a. Describe the importance of a focus on health promotion.
b. According to the health promotion model developed by Becker (1993), what four variables influence the selection and use of health promotion behaviors?
c. Describe four components of health promotion. AIOps is a powerful blend of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology, built to ensure reliability.
As the love child of DevOps engineers, site reliability engineers (SRE), and network operations center teams (NOC), this tool helps provide internal support for data ingestion and incident response.
This is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the workflow capability of AIOps. Keep reading as we break down the real intelligence of this technological beast and discover what benefits it may hold for you!
The key theme to understand when learning about AIOps is its focus on reliability. Every aspect of this tool is to support teams in achieving structural reliability for themselves and their clients.
AIOps leverage immense loads of big data and provide real-time reactions with significant analytics. What’s more, is AI and machine learning thrive off large amounts of data. The more data it processes, the more it learns and can apply that knowledge to future analytics. This tool becomes more efficient and tailored the more you use it.
So, now that we know what AIOps do, it’s time to ask how. There are two big ways AIOps achieve this level of analytics, through data ingestion and incident resolution.
Data ingestion is the act of incorporating data from multiple sources and assimilating it into storage for data analysis. Common storage spaces are cloud databases and document stores, any place where you can access stored data.
Data extraction comes from sources like SaaS data, in-house apps, spreadsheets, or website extraction.
It’s not as simple as finding data and putting it away, though. Companies often have multiple areas of storage. For example, sales data goes to a sales database, like Salesforce, while product data goes to a relational database. AIOps have to distinguish the data it’s ingesting to store it in the right place.
On top of that, it must also format the data so you can use it together, even if it’s stored in different databases. This tool ensures the data has a composition that works for both the database and integrated work.
Types of Ingestion
There are three ways to ingest data; real-time, batch, or lambda.
Real-time, or streaming data, is when the data is ingested in real-time. While generating data, the tool extracts, processes, and stores it. It also gives real-time decision-making support. This is useful for businesses that need constant updates on their work. Think of power plants or stock markets where data has to be monitored continuously to guarantee accuracy.
Batch data ingesting is when the data is ingested at scheduled intervals. Instead of processing constantly, the tool moves data a few times a day, or even less. Great for the repeated processes. Think of daily fiscal reports or handling end-of-year reporting.
Lambda architecture is when the two methods above are both utilized. Real-time handles time-sensitive data, while batch data handles broader collections.
AI and ML technology secure the ability to leverage data while understanding human activity.
These techniques allow AIOps to offer a hands-on and proactive approach to incident resolution. It detects errors as well as repairs errors. It can even spot anomalies before issues begin. Offering preventative measures for your system and helping create a stable environment for workers and customers.
AIOps maintain a standard of reliability because it focuses on issue identification. It builds quicker awareness, enabling accelerated response times, and it automates responses to known events.
The Big Picture
Data ingestion and incident resolution are the most notable actions of AIOps workflow. However, there are a few general actions it does that you should know. Simply put, these are the big picture advancements.
Along with ingesting data, AIOps select data. Standard IT environments generate mass amounts of noisy and redundant data. Data that takes focus away from the vital information and causes distraction. Encouraging reliability, it filters out nearly 99% of data, focusing on the bits showing errors.
Alert fatigue is a huge issue in incident response, especially in the healthcare and cybersecurity industries. But, with smart alerting, it’s able to suppress low priority alerts and related group alerts. This allows for a top-to-bottom work structure. You can focus on critical issues and then move on to low priority.
AI and machine learning at its core are built for finding patterns. Finding meaningful data, understanding why it’s significant, and further finding patterns within the meaningful data.
Filtering out unnecessary noise and building prolific analysis from purposeful information.
The most powerful thing about this platform is that it consistently learns from the data, recycles knowledge, and continuously improves responses. Delivered content will become more tailored and precise, revamping the operations.
AIOps promote and facilitate collaboration between departments and teams. Its remote accessibility allows teams wherever they are to work together on issues—streamlining a frictionless and secure workspace for different specializations to perform in.
It can preserve data from these operations to analyze and put towards developing future diagnosis of similar problems.
If there’s one thing AI and ML bring to the table, it’s automation. Automations do the tedious work, so DevOps have more time to solve complex issues. It automates responses and repairs, constructing more efficient and correct solutions.
AIOps Workflow: The Future of Tech
AIOps is crucial to operation because it takes action to the next level. With applications like data ingestion and incident resolution, your company will be operating at a higher level than ever before.
AIOps catches the minutiae humans cannot, but simultaneously allows humans to do the work machines can’t. It’s an ebb and flow of machine and human integration that can only be achieved through AI and machine learning technology.
We hope you found this article helpful and have gained a more fruitful understanding of AIOps. Here at Logiq, we aim to educate as much as we strive to help. If you have any further questions, do not hesitate to contact us or view our blog for more insight! Are These Normal Trauma Symptoms (Or Are You Struggling With PTSD?)
Nearly 7% of Americans struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some point during their lives. There is no doubt that PTSD can be a frightening, challenging, and debilitating struggle for both individuals and their loved ones.
It is important to note that everyone responds to trauma differently. That said, it can be difficult to discern the differences between “routine” trauma symptoms and PTSD. Let’s explore what you need to know.
Understanding Normal Trauma Symptoms
Trauma can threaten both one’s physical and emotional safety. Trauma may occur in single, standalone events, and it can also be long-term and systemic. Likewise, trauma can affect you both directly (such as experiencing a sexual assault) or indirectly (such as witnessing domestic violence).
There isn’t a universal way to process or cope with trauma. How you experience and internalize trauma depends on several, multidisciplinary variables including:
- The type of trauma
- How others responded to your trauma
- Your current sense of resilience
- History of mental illness
- The severity of physical or cognitive injuries
- Your current coping skills
- History of past traumas
Events that don’t bother some people may profoundly impact others. That said, there are some common reactions to consider when understanding trauma symptoms.
Anxiety is a typical trauma response. When your life feels threatened, your mind and body activate the fight-or-flight system. As a result, many people experience anxiety-related symptoms such as:
- Racing thoughts
- Paranoia and hypervigilance
- Panic attacks
You may feel anxious in specific situations or around certain people that remind you of the trauma. You may notice yourself feeling jumpier or “on edge.” However, with time, these reactions will usually lessen in severity.
Guilt and Shame
After experiencing a trauma, it’s normal to ruminate on the events leading up to and during the incident. You may feel stuck in a vicious cycle of what-ifs and should-haves. You may feel like you hold responsibility for what happened to you. This is your mind replaying the trauma and trying to make sense of what happened.
Likewise, if you witnessed the trauma occur to someone else, you may experience a sense of survivor’s guilt. This guilt is also a common trauma symptom. After all, it is reasonable to question why you were spared that specific pain or anguish. With time, these reactions also tend to lessen in severity.
Isolation and Avoidance
Feeling “normal” after trauma may seem impossible. Moreover, you may not feel ready or willing to share what happened to you to others. If people do know about the trauma, you may feel insecure and unstable in their presence.
Temporary isolation and avoidance are normal reactions. You may need some time to process your emotions. Perhaps, loved ones have tried to comfort you, but you’re finding their sentiments invalidating or even discouraging.
You had something terrible happen to you, and maybe the trauma shocked you to the core. Maybe you weren’t sure if you were going to make it out alive. And perhaps, it disrupted the entire course of your life. Trauma is painful, and it’s normal to feel depressed after it occurs.
Common depression symptoms may include:
- Feelings of worthlessness
- A lack of energy
- Difficulty with focus and concentration
- Feeling emotionally and even physically heavy
- Sleep problems
- Dramatic appetite changes
In some cases, depression can also include suicidal thoughts and plans. Although it is normal to question your life after a trauma, all suicidal thoughts should be taken seriously and addressed accordingly by a mental health professional.
When Trauma Symptoms Become PTSD
As mentioned, it is normal to feel shaken and disturbed after a traumatic event. However, most people start feeling better within a few weeks or months. Even if the symptoms do not go away completely, you should notice an improvement
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http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov).
Every day, 20 people die because they are unable to receive a vital organ transplant that they need to survive. Some of these people are on organ donation lists and some of them are not. The poor and minorities are disproportionately represented among those who do not receive the organs they need. In the United States alone, nearly 116,000 people are on waiting lists for vital organ transplants. Another name is added to this list every 10 minutes. This paper will argue that organ donation should not be optional. Every person who dies, or enters an irreversible vegetative state with little or no brain function, should have his or her organs-more specifically, those among the organs that are suitable for donation-harvested. A single healthy donor who has died can save up to eight lives (American Transplant Foundation).
The most controversial issue with receiving organ donations is that the donor cannot legally choose who the recipient will be in most cases. Of course in a situation where one’s parent is dying, one is allowed to give up an organ if it is a good match, but if one decides to donate a kidney to his or her best
With people making important decisions about their body every day the subject of organ donation becomes increasingly important. For years, the topic has been the source of many controversial debates regarding its ethical and moral ideations. Organ donation should remain voluntary for several reasons: first and foremost it is still considered a donation. Next, patients and their families should have the right to say no to medical procedures. And, lastly, bodily autonomy should be respected by healthcare professionals. Many argue, however, that organ donation should be mandatory as to decrease not only the time spent on an organ donation list but also the risks of mortality while waiting for a new organ. Families often have the final say in
As technology continues to progress the feasibility of organ transplantation becomes a commonplace. It is very common for organs to be donated after one passes if it is the wishes of the deceased. As the supply of organs from the deceased is greatly outnumbered by the number of patients on waitlists living donors becomes an issue. Many times a relative or close friend is willing to give up an organ to help save a life. The question is: Is it ethical to accept a monetary payment in exchange for an organ to save a life?
Donating an organ, whether it is before or after dead, is seen by society as the right thing to do, but at what cost. Being asked to become an organ donor right before getting our license is almost always a yes. Death is one of the farthest things from our mind and when we are asked this question we would rather live life knowing our organs could be used to save someone’s life. But this simple checkmark or heart can sometimes be used against us; because there are so many people waiting for an organ, doctors have been given the ability to stretch the fine line between life and death. Not signing the donor card can gives us a few more bargaining space. Although both Crystal Lombardo and Dick Teresi speak about the effects of organ donation, Lombardo, author of “11 Major Pros And Cons Of Organ Donation”, points out the importance of becoming an organ donor, while Teresi, author of “What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card”, describes the complications between doctor and patient.
Bilgel (2012) points out it can lead to anti-donation feelings of citizens and then make people opt out more. For the public, the presumed consent organ donation might be considered utilitarianism, which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number. As Harris (1975) points out, it is just like killing one to save more people, which will be difficult for some people to accept. For example, Brazil passed Presumed Organ Donor Law in 1997, but it caused widespread public debates on the legal, ethical, religious, and civil ramifications of compulsory organ donation, the opponents thought organ donation should be voluntary instead of being compulsive (Andrea, 1998). Indeed, the law has not been implemented at last. Besides, Shaw (2013) asserts that some malicious doctors may abuse of power to make patients with lesser need receive organs more quickly than those with a large need. Just like the scandal happened in German in 2013, doctors who were bribed falsified medical records to make their patients’ conditions appear worse to get organs more quickly (ibid). For this reason, patients with worse conditions cannot receive organs in time, so the morbidity and mortality might increase more rapidly. Overall, public confidence needs more attention and research in opt-out organ
In 1983 Dr H Barry Jacobs, a physician from Virginia, whose medical license had been revoked after a conviction for Medicare mail-fraud, founded International Kidney Exchange, Ltd. He sent a brochure to 7,500 American hospitals offering to broker contracts between patients with end-stage-renal-disease and persons willing to sell one kidney. His enterprise never got off the ground, but Dr Jacobs did spark an ethical debate that resulted in hearings before a congressional committee headed by Albert Gore, Jr., then a representative from the state of Tennessee. The offensive proposal for kidney sales led to the National Organ Transplant Act to become law in
What do you think can be done when there is a shortage of organ donations? Should people in the need of money sell their organs in the hope of getting some cash? Well, most people in today's society are supporting the idea that people should be allowed to sell their organs if they want. It could save thousands of lives of those people who are waiting for a transplant on the long list that never ends. However, they do not look at the negative affects that this could lead to for some citizens in the society. The article, “Body Snatchers: Organs Harvesting For Profit” by Dale Archer M.D is a good example of showing how people around the world are committing different kind of crimes in order to earn money. Similar to this article is the other article Before you read
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your daily routine, using the cues below.
Example: what time you often get up
A: What time do you often get up?
B: I often get up at six.
_ what time you go to school / have breakfast / lunch / dinner / go to bed
_ what you often do in the morning / afternoon / evening
While you read
Read the passage and then do the tasks that follow.
Mr. Vy: The alarm goes off at 4:30. I get up and go down to the kitchen to boil some water for my morning tea. I drink several cups of tea, have a quick breakfast and then lead the buffalo to the field. It takes me 45 minutes to get ready. I leave the house at a quarter past five and arrive in the field at exactly 5:30. I plough and harrow my plot of land and at a quarter to eight I take a short rest. During my break I often drink tea with my fellow peasant and smoke local tobacco. I continue to work from a quarter past eight till 10:30. Then I go home, take a short rest and have lunch with my family at 11:30. After lunch I usually take an hour's rest.
Mrs. Tuyet: At 2:30 in the afternoon we go to the field again. We repair the banks of our plot of land. Then my husband pumps water into it while I do the transplanting. We work for about two hours before we take a rest. We finish our work at 6 p.m. We have dinner at about 7 p.m., then we watch TV and go to bed at about 10 p.m. Sometimes we go and see our neighbours for a cup of tea. We chat about our work, our children and our plans for the next crop. Although it's a long day for us, we are contented with what we do. We love working and we love our children.
Task 1. Choose the option A, B or C that best suits the meaning of the italicised word(s).
The alarm goes off at 4:30.
A. goes wrong B. goes away C. rings
It takes me 45 minutes to get ready.
A. to go B. to wake up C. to prepare
We chat about our work.
A. talk in a friendly way B. learn C. discuss
We are contented with what we do.
A. satisfied with B. disappointed with C. interested in
Task 2. Answer the following questions.
What is Mr. Vy's occupation ?
What time does he get up and what does he do after that ?
What does he do in the morning ?
What do Mr. Vy and his wife do in the afternoon ?
Are they happy with their life or not ? Why ?
Task 3. Scan the passage and make a brief note about Mr. Vy and Mrs. Tuyet's daily routines. Then compare your note with a partner.
After you read
Work in groups. Talk about Mr. and Mrs. Tuyet's daily routines. Page created and maintained by Roger Edwards, Storm Prediction Center
Radar receivers in the national network of Doppler radars (WSR-88D) can detect sunsets. Here, in a composite of reflectivity images across the east-central U.S., seven sites did so. A radar antenna was located at each location numbered in yellow, with the sun at a low enough angle to the ground to be intercepted head-on by the radar beam.
Since it was winter -- only a few days after solstice -- the sun sets in the southwest in these areas; so the sunset echoes appear as blue line segments southwest of each radar site. The tilt of the earth causes the sun to set later at more southerly latitudes in winter, which is why the sunsets show up farther east as you look from Minnesota to Tennessee. By contrast, in the summer, the sunset echoes would be facing northwest; and they would appear farther west as you go southward. At the start of spring and fall, each sunset echo would face east-west, and the whole series of them would be arranged in a north-south band. In nationwide radar reflectivity loops, the sunset can often be tracked east-west across the country by following the appearance of the sun echoes over several hours.
[The large area of blues and greens over Iowa was a belt of snow. Some radars failed to show sunsets because of precipitation and dense cloud cover obscuring the sun.]
These radars can pick up the sun as an echo because the sun transmits radiation at all wavelengths. This includes the 10-cm long microwaves sent and received by the radars. When the sun is low in the sky, and a radar beam moves across it, the sun's 10-cm microwave emissions are strong enough to register in the radar receiver. Unfiltered, these echoes pass through the computer software processing and show up on radar displays. They are easily distinguished from precipitation echoes by their character: occurring only around sunrise or sunset, shaped straight, nearly uniform in intensity, elongated with the radar beam and facing the direction of the sun. Viene dall’Uganda la donna più fertile al mondo. Mariam Nabatanzi Babirye ha avuto ben 44 figli: tre serie di quattro gemelli, quattro serie di terzine e sei serie di gemelli. La sua è una rara condizione genetica che l’ha portata ad affrontare tutte queste gravidanze. Il suo unico desiderio oggi è vederli crescere tutti felici. Conosciamo meglio la sua storia.
La donna più fertile al mondo ha una rara condizione genetica
Mariam Nabatanzi Babirye è considerata la donna più fertile al mondo. All’età di 36 anni ha fatto nascere ben 44 figli. Di questi sei purtroppo sono morti e adesso cresce da sola i suoi 38 ragazzi. La sua è una rara condizione genetica che le causa un ingradimento anomale delle ovaie.
Quando aveva 12 anni ha sposato forzatamente un uomo molto più grande di lei. Già l’anno successivo era incinta dei suoi primi gemelli. A seguire sono arrivate gravidante di quattro e tre bambini contemporaneamente per un totale di 44 figli.
La donna è stata abbandonata dal marito e cresce da sola i suoi figli
La vita l’ha portata a crescere da sola tutti i suoi figli perché suo marito è andato via, abbandonando tutti. Mariam non ha mai ricevuto soldi da lui e cerca di fare il possibile per mantenere i suoi bambini.
La donna aveva provato a chiedere aiuto al suo medico per non avere più gravidanze ma purtroppo nessuno ha fatto nulla per impedirle di rimanere incinta. Le dissero che la sua salute era a rischio.
Il dottor Charles Kiggundu, ginecologo del Mulago Hospital di Kampala, in Uganda, ha dichiarato: “Il suo caso è una predisposizione genetica all’iperovulazione, che consiste nel rilasciare più ovuli in un ciclo, il che aumenta significativamente la possibilità di avere multipli; è sempre genetica“.
Mariam vive in condizioni molto precarie. Molti dei suoi figli hanno dovuto lasciare la scuola per andare a lavorare e i più grandi aiutano i più piccoli.
Potrebbero interessarti: Donna ha avuto 11 figli con 8 uomini diversi e vuole arrivare ad averne 30 Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a bone disorder characterized by death of bone tissues resulting from temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone. It is also connoted as aseptic necrosis, osteonecrosis, bone infarction, and ischemic necrosis.
Symptoms of Avascular necrosis
Symptoms do not appear when the disease starts setting; it’s a progressive disorder so at one point you will experience pain in your joints especially in the hips, shoulders, knees, hands, feet and groin. It would be like spasms, most likely to reduce with rest. Also the pain might not arise normally but while placing some weight on the affected bone.
Movement of your hips, legs, and other affected zones of your body is restricted and people often are seen to be limping with advancement of necrosis in bone tissues.
Causes and risk factors of avascular necrosis
Avascular necrosis occurs more often in men between 40 and 50 years old. However, children might get one form of the disease which is known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) which affects the femur and hips.
The general reasons are:
- Chronic use of corticoid drugs might cause a reaction that obstructs blood flow to bone tissues.
- Excessively drinking alcohol, high cholesterol
- Traumatic injury of the bone – like dislocated joints, hip fracture, etc.
- People with medical conditions like sickle cell anaemia, diabetes, lupus, and HIV/AIDS
- People undergoing cancer treatments like radiation and chemotherapy
Complications of Avascular necrosis
Bone deformity, joint collapse and extensive arthritis are some complications of avascular necrosis. If surface of a joint is involved, it may lead to rapidly progressive osteoarthritis.
Diagnosis of Avascular necrosis
First your doctor will check your medical history and evaluate your general health and lifestyle. You need to present him the medicines you are taking. Following this, the painful zones and the vulnerable bones will be felt manually for tenderness and inflammation.
Treatment of Avascular necrosis
Avascular necrosis is treatable. The treatment is directed towards controlling necrosis and helping the tissues to regenerate.
The treatment differs from one person to another, depending on the severity of the disease, age, general health, activity, the risk factors and your medical history.
We have charted out some commonly used treatment choices here:
- NSAIDS are used to alleviate pain. Other choices are osteoporotic drugs, blood thinners, and anti- cholesterol pills.
- Electrical stimulation on certain points is done to enhance growth of bone tissues.
- Surgical options also exist which essentially are transplantation, decompression, replacement and reshaping of bones
Taking care of Avascular necrosis at home
- You have to be utmost careful with your movements. Walk carefully to avoid accidental fall. Avoid lifting, holding and carrying anything that trigger pain
- Your doctor would certainly advice rest for a certain period, which you must follow
- You have to cut down alcohol and follow the diet plan if specified by your doctor
- Some physiotherapy exercises might be shown; so you need to practise them to improve your movements.
Written by: healthplus24.com team
Date last updated: August 08, 2014 BLOCKCH
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1869 to 1889. This Act shall come into operation on the first day of November next after the passing thereof, which day is in this Act referred to as the commencement of this Act.
Purpose of Act.
2. The purpose of this Act is to make further provision for the intermediate and technical education of the inhabitants of Wales and the county of Monmouth.
Schemes by joint education committee.
3.-(1.) It shall be the duty of the joint education committee as herein-after mentioned of every county in Wales and of the county of Monmouth to submit to the Charity Commissioners a scheme or schemes for the intermediate and technical education of the inhabitants of their county, either alone or in conjunction with the inhabitants of any adjoining county or counties, specifying in each scheme the educational endowments within their county which in their opinion ought to be used for the purpose of such scheme.
(2.) A county council may recommend their committee to insert in such scheme a provision for a payment out of the county rate to an amount not exceeding that in this Act mentioned of the expenses of carrying into effect the scheme, or any particular part thereof, and such provision may accordingly, if it is thought fit, be inserted in the scheme.
(3.) Such scheme, if the Commissioners (after such examination or inquiry as mentioned in section thirty-two of
32 & 33 Vict. c. 56.
the Endowed Schools Act, 1869) approve it, either without modification, or with such modifications as may be assented to by the joint education committee, shall be adopted and proceeded on by the Commissioners in the same manner as if it were a draft scheme originally prepared by themselves.
(4.) If the scheme is not so adopted by the Commissioners, it shall be deemed to be a scheme prepared and submitted by a governing body to the Commissioners within the meaning of section thirty-two of tho Endowed Schools Act, 1869, and shall be dealt with accordingly.
(5.) Where a county council recommend a payment out of the county rate a scheme may be made in pursuance of this Act, although there is no other endowment.
(6.) The Charity Commissioners may, if they think fit, accept a joint scheme from two or more joint education committees.
(7.) A joint education committee may, instead of submitting a scheme, submit to the Charity Commissioners proposals for a scheme, and such proposals may include, if so recommended by the county council, a payment out of the county rate; and the Commissioners shall prepare a scheme for carrying into effect such proposals, either with or without modifications, but any modification to which the joint education committee do not assent shall be struck out of the scheme, and the scheme as so prepared, with the omission of any modification to which the joint education committee do not assent, shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to be a scheme submitted by a joint education committee to the Charity Commissioners, and the Commissioners shall proceed accordingly.
Restrictions on powers of joint education committee.
4.-(1.) A joint education committee shall not without the assent of the county council direct by their scheme any contribution to be made out of the county rate exceeding the amount recommended by the county council.
(2.) Where any part of the expenses of the establishment or maintenance of a school or of scholarships attached thereto is to be defrayed out of the county rate a scheme relating to such school shall provide that the county council shall be adequately represented on the governing body of such school.
(3.) Where a scheme under this Act does not relate to a school maintained out of the endowment, or forming part of the foundation of any cathedral or collegiate church, or where a scheme under this Act does not relate to any other educational endowment which by section nineteen of the Endowed Schools Act, 1869, is excepted from the foregoing provisions of that Act therein mentioned, such scheme shall, in addition to the provisions of section fifteen of the said Act, provide that no religious catechism or religious formulary which is distinctive of any particular denomination shall be taught to a scholar attending as a day scholar at the school established or regulated by the scheme, and that the times for prayer or religious worship or for any lesson or series of lessons on a religious subject shall be conveniently arranged for
the purpose of allowing the withdrawal of a day scholar therefrom in accordance with the said section fifteen.
(4.) Where any power of appeal to the Queen in Council, or power to present a petition praying that a scheme may be laid before Parliament, is given by the Endowed Schools Acts to any persons or body of persons in relation to any endowment, a like power may be exercised by a county council required by the scheme to contribute a sum out of the county rate, or by a joint education committee in relation to any matter which has been introduced into the scheme against the wishes of the county council or committee, as the case may be, as expressed in objections sent in writing to the Charity Commissioners before the scheme was submitted by those Commissioners for the approval of the Education Department.
Establishment of joint education committee.
5. For the purposes of this Act there shall be appointed in every county in Wales and in the county of Monmouth a joint education committee of the county council of such county consisting of three persons nominated by the county council, and two persons, being persons well acquainted with the conditions of Wales and the wants of the people, preference being given to residents within the county for which such joint committee is to be appointed, nominated by the Lord President of Her Majesty's Privy Council. Any vacancy in the joint education committee among the persons appointed by the county council may be filled up by the county council, and any vacancy among the persons nominated by the Lord President may be filled up by the Lord President.
Transaction of business by and proceedings of joint education committee.
6.-(1.) Sub-sections one and two of section eighty-two of the Local Government Act, 1888, respecting the proceedings of committees of county councils, shall apply to proceedings of the joint education committee of a county council under this Act, but the acts and proceedings of the committee shall not be required to be submitted to the county council for their approval.
(2.) The county council shall make proper provision for enabling the committee to transact its business, and the clerk of the county council shall act as the clerk of the joint education committee. Any act of the committee may be signified under the hands of any three members thereof or under the hand of the clerk.
(3.) Any of the assistant commissioners of the Charity Commissioners shall be at liberty to attend any meeting of a joint education committee, and to take part in the proceedings, but shall not have a right to vote.
Contributions from county rate.
7.-(1.) Where a county council has recommended that any scholarship should be paid out of the county rate a scheme under this Act may contain provisions to that effect.
(2.) Where a county council has recommended that any annual contribution should be made out of the county rate a scheme under this Act may direct the contribution so recommended or any less contribution to be made accordingly, and shall specify the persons
to whom the contribution so directed to be made is from time to time to be paid.
(3.) The recommendation of a county council in respect of a contribution out of the county rate, and a scheme giving effect to such recommendation, may provide that such contribution shall be either a fixed annual sum, or an annual sum not exceeding a certain amount, such amount to be determined annually in manner specified in the scheme.
(4.) The annual contribution to be paid to any school out of the county rate in pursuance of any scheme shall not exceed the amount stated in such scheme, but may be reduced by an amending scheme made on the application of the county councillor of the governing body of such school.
Expenses of county council.
8.-(1.) Where a scheme under this Act providing for a contribution out of a county rate comes into operation, the amount from time to time payable out of the county rate in pursuance of such scheme shall be paid by the county council out of the county fund.
(2.) That amount and any expenses otherwise incurred by a county council in pursuance of this Act shall be paid as general expenses of the county council.
(3.) The addition made to the county rate in any county for the purpose of defraying contributions for intermediate and technical education under this Act shall not in any year exceed one half-penny in the pound, on the aggregate amount of the rateable value of the property in the county, as ascertained for the purpose of the levy of the county contributions.
(4.) Every increase of rate levied under this section shall, in all precepts for the levy thereof, be described as a separate item of rate, and when collected from the individual ratepayers shall be specified as a separate item of rate.
Contribution from Treasury.
9.-(1.) The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury shall annually out of moneys provided by Parliament pay in aid of each school aided by the county and subject to a scheme made under this Act such sums as herein-after mentioned.
(2.) The sums to be so paid shall depend on the efficiency of the schools aided by the county, as ascertained by such annual inspection and report as may be required by the regulations from time to time made by the Treasury for the purposes of this section, and shall be of such amounts as may be fixed by those regulations, and shall be paid in manner provided by those regulations.
(3.) The aggregate amount of the sums paid by the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury in any year in respect of the schools in any county shall not exceed the amount payable in that year in pursuance of this Act out of the county rate.
(4.) The Treasury may from time to time make, and, when made, vary and revoke, regulations for the purposes of this section.
Power to Public Works Loan Commissioners to lend.
10. The purposes for which the governing body of a school may be authorised in pursuance of this Act to borrow money shall be
purposes for which the Public Works Loan Commissioners may lend to such governing body.
Duration of powers of joint education committee, and suspension of powers of Charity Commissioners.
11. The powers conferred by this Act on a joint education committee shall not, unless Parliament otherwise directs, be exercised by the committee after the expiration of three years from the date of the commencement of this Act, and, during the continuance of the powers of the committee under this Act, all powers which otherwise might have been exercised by the Charity Commissioners of making, establishing, or submitting (independently of any scheme submitted by the joint education committee) a scheme for the administration of any educational endowments within the county of such committee, shall, except with the consent of the Education Department, be suspended, and not be exercised by them in relation to such endowments. Nothing in this Act shall prevent any proceedings under the Endowed Schools Acts in relation to any scheme of which a draft has been prepared, published, and circulated before the commencement of this Act, in pursuance of sections thirty-two and thirty-three of the Endowed Schools Act, 1869, and such scheme may be proceeded with, submitted for approval, and come into operation as if this Act had not passed.
Description of endowments applicable to purpose of Act.
12.-(1.) An educational endowment within the county of a joint education committee means any educational endowment which is applied in the county or is appropriated for the benefit of the natives or inhabitants of the county, or of some of such natives or inhabitants, or their children, or where the benefits of such endowment are divisible between two counties or between the counties in Wales and the county of Monmouth, or any of them, and any place outside of Wales and the county of Monmouth, then means so much of the endowment as the Charity Commissioners may determine to be applicable for the benefit of the county of the joint education committee.
33 & 34 Vict. c. 75. 36 & 37 Vict. c. 87.
(2.) Any school or endowment of a school to which section seventy-five of the Elementary Education Act, 1870, applies, and any endowed school to which section three of the Endowed Schools Act, 1873, applies, shall, if the school is in the county of a joint education committee under this Act, be for the purposes of the Endowed Schools Acts and this Act an educational endowment and endowed school within the county of such committee.
Construction of Act in relation to endowments applicable to purposes thereof.
13. For tho purposes of any scheme under this Act every notice relating to the scheme shall be sent to the joint education committee concerned therein in like manner as if they were a governing body, and such committee shall, during the duration of their powers under this Act, have the same power of applying to the Charity Commissioners with respect to any educational endowment within their county as if they were the governing body of that endowment. Nothing in this Act shall authorise the making of any scheme interfering with-
(1.) Any endowment given either by present gift made subsequently to the passing of the Endowed Schools Act, 1869, or by the will of a testator who died subsequently to the
passing of the said Act, unless the founder or governing body of such endowment assents to the scheme.
In the case of an endowment or part of an endowment given either by present gift made subsequently to the passing of the Endowed Schools Act, 1869, or by the will of a testator who died subsequently to the passing of the said Act, sections twenty-five and twenty-six of the said Act shall for the purposes of a scheme under this Act, and subject to the provisions of this Act, apply in like manner as if the same and any older endowment or part of an endowment were respectively in the said sections substituted for an endowment or part of an endowment originally given to charitable uses less or more than fifty years before the commencement of the said Act.
Exemption of schemes from certain provisions of Endowed Schools Acts.
14. Nothing in the Endowed Schools Acts which is inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Act shall apply in the case of any scheme under this Act, but subject to this enactment the powers conferred by this Act shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, the powers under the said Act.
Report by Charity Commissioners.
15. The Charity Commissioners shall in every year cause to be laid before both Houses of Parliament a report of the proceedings under this Act during the preceding year.
Application of Act to counties and county boroughs. 51 & 52 Vict. c. 41.
16.-(1.) In this Act the expression "county" means an administrative county as defined in the Local Government Act, 1888, and includes a county borough within the meaning of that Act; and the expression "county council" includes the council of a county borough.
(2.) Any sums payable by the council of a county borough in pursuance of this Act shall be paid out of the borough fund or borough rate.
17. In this Act unless there is something in the context inconsistent therewith -
The expression "intermediate education" means a course of education which does not consist chiefly of elementary instruction in reading, writing, and arithmetic, but which includes instruction in Latin, Greek, the Welsh and English language and literature, modern languages, mathematics, natural and applied science, or in some of such studies, and generally in the higher branches of knowledge, but nothing in this Act shall prevent the establishment of scholarships in higher or other elementary schools;
The expression "technical education" includes instruction in -
(i.) Any of the branches of science and art with respect to which grants are for the time being made by the Department of Science and Art;
but it shall not include teaching the practice of any trade, or industry, or employment.
32 & 33 Vict. c. 56. 36 & 37 Vict. c. 87. 37 & 38 Vict. c. 87.
The expression "Endowed Schools Acts" means the Endowed Schools Acts, 1869, 1873, and 1874;
The expression "Education Department" means the Lords of the Committee of Her Majesty's Privy Council on Education;
The expression "Charity Commissioners" means the Charity Commissioners for England and Wales;
The expression "scholarship" includes exhibition or other educational emolument;
The expression "parent" includes guardian and every person who is liable to maintain or has the actual custody of a child;
The expression "scheme under this Act" means a scheme under the Endowed Schools Act as amended by this Act. Preparing kids with food allergies for school
I remember back in elementary school, my lunch trays were stacked with garlic bread because I would trade anyone for those buttery pieces of goodness. For someone who has a child with food allergies, this could be terrifying to hear. With food allergies becoming more and more prevalent, this is something that is becoming a common concern.
Food allergies are scary, but there are things you can do at home and at school to make sure your children are prepared.
What you can do at home
It’s very important and helpful to increase your child’s awareness and independence regarding their food allergies at an early age. Teach them how to speak up when someone offers them food and what to look for on a food label. This can make you feel less like a “helicopter parent,” and your child will feel safer and more confident in dealing with their food allergies. It's quite common for us to hear from parents how
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, İç Savaşın o sırada ulustaki herkesi etkilemesinin bir yolu var - ve aklımızı başka yöne çevirmek bizim için zor. En azından muhtemelen Kansas'tan Doğu'ya kadar daha kalabalık bölgelerde, savaşta yaralanmamış, sakatlanmamış veya öldürülmemiş birini tanımamak imkansızdı. Çoğu durumda, bu kişi aynı zamanda ailenin bir üyesiydi. Bu yüzden ilk zorluk, öğrencilerin bu savaşın tıpkı onlar gibi insanlar arasında yıkıcı bir ölçekte gerçekleştiği gerçeğini anlamalarını sağlamak.
Bana göre biraz daha zor olan ikinci şey, edebiyatın bu insanlar için neden bu kadar önemli göründüğünü aktarmaya çalışmak. Bugün bahsetmek istediğim şey, a) edebiyatın İç Savaş'ı nasıl ateşlediğini ve sonra b) İç Savaşın bu edebiyatı nasıl değiştirdiğidir. Ancak Amerikan edebiyatının on dokuzuncu yüzyıldaki savaş öncesi dönemde Amerikalıların çoğu için ilk etapta ne kadar önemli olduğunu anlamak önemlidir. Öğrencilerinize bir ara sorun: başka bir ülkeye seyahat etselerdi, o ülkenin kendi televizyon istasyonları, interneti olmasaydı, kendi filmleri olmasaydı, kültürel olarak edindiği her şeyin başka bir ülkeden geldiğini nasıl hissederlerdi? . Tahmin ediyorum ki, bazı yönlerden o ülkenin en azından kültürel olarak biraz daha aşağı olduğunu düşüneceklerdir. On dokuzuncu yüzyılda Amerika'nın durumu buydu. Sir Sydney Smith adında bir adam tarafından İç Savaş'tan otuz üç yıl önce yayınlanan harika bir makale var. . . “Amerikan Kitabını Kim Okur?” Smith'in söylemek istediği şey -bunu o sıralarda bir İngiliz edebiyat dergisinde pek çok kültürel züppelik ve şovenizmle yazıyordu- Amerika biraz ilginç dedi. Siyasi sisteminde dikkat çekmeye değer bir şey yapıyor. Demokrasi denen bu şeyi deniyorlar. İşe yarayabilir veya yürümeyebilir, ancak hiçbir kültürleri yoktur. Amerika'da bir yazar ne zaman bir roman yazmaya kalksa, esasen Sir Walter Scott'ı kopyalıyor. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki bir şair bir şiir yayınlamaya çalıştığında, aslında kopyalıyor - en sevdiğiniz İngiliz şairi adlandırın. Fikir, Amerikalıların kendi kültürlerine sahip olmadığıydı. Onlar edebi kültürden yoksun bir halktır. Bu nedenle, İngiliz ve Avrupalıların anladığı uygarlık standartlarına tam olarak uymuyorlar.
Bu neden önemli? Eh, kültürel aşağılık duygusu okuyan ve hisseden, kendileri de hisseden Amerikalılar için son derece önemliydi, bilirsiniz, bu doğru, aslında, örneğin, İngiltere'de Shakespeare'e sahip olan veya İngiltere'deki gibi bir kültür üretmiyoruz. İtalya'nın Dante'ye sahip olduğu yol. Henüz buna sahip değiliz.Ralph Waldo Emerson gibi, tanıyor olabileceğiniz, ancak lisede çok fazla öğretmediğinizi tahmin ettiğim, çünkü öğretmesi olağanüstü zor. O zamanlar Emerson'u okuyan, bilirsin, makaleyi okudum gibi şeyler söyleyen insanların harika örnekleri var. Yazıya bayıldım. Çevirdim ama kapatır kapatmaz ne dediği hakkında hiçbir fikrim yoktu. Bu, Emerson'ın sadece öğrencilerimde değil, en başından beri kışkırttığı gerçekten tipik bir tepkidir. Bunu hep kışkırttı. Ama Amerikan edebiyat tarihinde bizim için birkaç nedenden dolayı önemlidir. Bunlardan en önemlisi, bir Amerikan edebiyatının nasıl görünebileceğini dile getirmesidir. Bir dizi denemede ve ilk kitabında şöyle dedi: Doğa, 1836'da yayınlandı: Amerikan edebiyatının Atlantik'in ötesine Sir Walter Scott'a bakmasına bile gerek yok. Tamamen farklı bir deneyimimiz var. Farklı bir siyasi ortamımız var. Biz çok daha fazla kararlıyız. Açıkçası bunlar tartışmalı olabilir, ancak bu, Emerson'un bazı şeyleri ele almasıdır. Sonuç olarak, Avrupa'ya benzemeyen, kesinlikle bize ait bir şey yaratacağız. “Şair” adlı denemesinde, Amerika'daki şairin ölçülü düzenliliğe bağlı bir Avrupalı şair olmayacağını söyledi. ABD'deki şair iambik pentametre ile yazmak zorunda değildir. Amerika'daki şairin kafiye yapması gerekmez. Neden gerçekten hapsedilmiş ve daraltıcı olan bu Avrupa sözleşmelerine takılıp kalalım ki? Emerson, Amerikalı şairin ölçü yapma kaygısı taşımayacağını, bunun yerine "ölçme tartışmaları" yaratacağını söylüyor. Bununla kastettiği, Amerikalı şairin dünyayı gördüğü veya gördüğü gibi basitçe anlatacağı ve bu da yeni bir şiir türü haline geleceğidir.
Emerson'un Amerikan edebiyatı hakkında kuramsallaştırmasının önemli olmasının nedeni, özellikle New England ve New York'ta, bir mürit ve taklitçi dalgasını ve Emerson'ın ideallerini hayata geçirmeye çalışan insanları ateşlemiş olmasıdır. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Emily Dickinson veya Nathaniel Hawthorne gibi insanlardan bahsetmeyeceğim. . . ama hepsi farklı derecelerde Emerson'dan etkilendi. Emerson'dan ilham alan ve kariyeri İç Savaş'ta radikal bir dönüş yapan en ilginç adam bence Walt Whitman. . . . [Whitman'ın şiiri] bildiğim başka hiçbir şiire benzemiyor. Sohbet amaçlıdır. Devam eden bir tür ritmik ölçü yok. Aslında, Whitman bu olağanüstü uzun şiirsel satırları yazar. Sayfadan çıkmış gibiler. Sadece devam edip gidiyorlar. Amerikan dünyasındaki sonsuz etkinlikleri ve nesneleri kataloglarlar. Bunun geldiği yer Emerson. Whitman ünlü bir şekilde, “Kaynalıyordum, kaynatıyordum, kaynatıyordum Emerson beni kaynattı” dedi. Demek istediği şuydu: Şiirle bir şeyler yapmak istediğini biliyordu, kendini bir tür sanatsal figür olarak görüyordu, ancak Emerson'un “Şair”ini ve diğer denemelerini okuduğunda neler yapabileceğini görmeye başladı. Yapmak istediği şey, Emerson'un “Şair”deki tavsiyesine uyarak Amerika'nın şairi olmak istiyor. Şimdi, öğretim standartlarınızı oldukça dikkatli bir şekilde incelediğimi biliyorum ve ne yazık ki şiirin kurgunun altında olduğunu biliyorum ve bunun farkındayım ve sizinle daha küçük gruplarımızda buluştuğumda kurguya odaklanacağız. Şimdi şiire bakmamın nedeni, bunu sınıfa getirmeniz değil, size İç Savaşın dili nasıl değiştirdiğine dair çok kompakt bir örnek vermeniz. Whitman'ın diliyle bunu gerçekten güzel bir şekilde yapabileceğimizi düşünüyorum. Bu yüzden şiire bakacağım.
Bunu yapmadan önce, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri edebiyatı ile Avrupa'daki birçok edebiyat arasındaki bir diğer farkın (ve bu farklılığın arkasındaki bir başka kişi de Emerson'du) Amerikalı yazarların okuyucularını değiştirmek istiyormuş gibi hissetmeleri olduğunu önermek isterim. Okuyucuların içinde ahlaki bir devrim olmasını istediler. Sadece kitaplarından birini okumanızı ve onunla eğlenmenizi istemediler -her yazar bir dereceye kadar bir okuyucuyu eğlendirmek istese de- eserlerini okumanızı istediler - ister Emerson, ister Thoreau'nun kitabı olsun. Walden, Harriet Beecher Stowe'un olup olmadığı Tom amcanın kabini- o şeyleri okumanızı ve işiniz bittiğinde farklı bir şekilde davranmanızı sağlayacak bir dönüşüme sahip olmanızı istediler. “The American Scholar”ın sonunda Emerson, aslında, Amerikalı akademisyenin rolünün ve bununla sadece düşünen veya yazan herkesi kastettiğini söylüyor, o kişinin rolünün dünyayı dönüştürmek olduğunu söylüyor. Dünyayı dönüştürme arzusu, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin karşı karşıya olduğu acil bir etik, ahlaki ikileme çok güzel uyuyor: kölelik sorunu.
Harriet Beecher Stowe diyor ki, gerçekten yazmadım Tom amcanın kabini. Tanrı benim aracılığımla yazdı. Tanrı yazdı ve Tanrı'nın yapmak istediği, kölelik sorunu hakkında herkesi harekete geçirmek ve köleliği ortadan kaldırmak istemek. Kölelik sorunu ve ortadan kaldırılması gereği hakkında çok tutkulu bir şekilde yazan bu New England yazarları grubu olmasaydı, İç Savaşın birçok yönden tam olarak olduğu gibi olmayacağına çok güçlü bir şekilde inanıyorum. ve eğer Güney yollarını değiştirmezse, New England'ın sadece ayrılmasına istekli olduğunu ifade etti. Biz her zaman Güney'in ayrılmasını düşünürüz, ama Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes, bazen Nathaniel Hawthorne ve diğer çeşitli insanlar, bilirsiniz, New England'ın ayrılması en iyisi olurdu, çünkü o zaman bu sorunla uğraşmak zorunda kalmazdık. köleliğin, ülkeyi mahveden bu ahlaki lekenin.
James Russell Lowell, zamanın bir şairi ve derginin editörü. Atlantik Aylık . . . bir editör olarak köleliği kaldırmak için elimden gelen her şeyi yapacağım, dergim aracılığıyla kamuoyunu öyle bir etkilemeye çalışacağım ki, insanlar kölelik yanlıştır, buna bir son verelim. Derginin ikinci sayısında Atlantik Aylık, “Nerede Bitecek?” başlıklı bir makale yayınladı. ve bu makale basitçe, Birleşik Devletler ideallerini kaybetti ve yalnızca köleliğin kaldırılmasıyla kurtarılabileceğini söyledi. Şimdi yine öğrencileriniz şöyle diyebilir: Ne olmuş yani? Önemli olan ne? Bu sadece bir makale. Makaleler hiçbir şey yapamaz. Lowell, Fort Sumter'a ateş açmadan önceki savaşın bir söz ve kalem savaşı olduğunu söyledi. Demek istediği, dört yıl süren bu destansı savaşta Kuzey ve Güney bir araya gelmeden önce olması gereken şey, kamuoyunun harekete geçirilmesi ve ha
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let adamlarının önderlik ettiği asil bir girişim olmayabileceğini öne sürmenin “olduğu”ndan şikayet etmişti. sadece eleştiriye değil, zorunlu istifaya davet etmek.” Dodd daha sonra Chicago Üniversitesi'ne göç edecek ve burada Güney tarihinin ciddi bir incelemesiyle ilgilenen Güneyliler için bir Kuzey karakolu kurdu. Böyle bir burs, memlekette teşvik edilmedi: Güneyli tarihçilerin ilk savaş sonrası topluluğu, açık bir şekilde konfederasyon davasını haklı çıkarmak amacıyla 1869'da kuruldu.
Birinin işini kaybetme korkusu, muhaliflerin çoğunu hizaya sokmaya çalıştı, ancak bu başarısız olursa, toplulukta kendi kendini atayan sansürcüler her zaman tetikteydi. Örneğin, 1913'te, konfederasyon Gazilerinin oğulları, yakın tarihe aşırı derecede New England eğilimi sunduğunu düşündükleri bir kitabı Texas Üniversitesi tarih müfredatından yasaklamayı başardılar. UDC, Güney'deki okullarda kullanılan ders kitaplarının listelerini gayretle derledi ve bunları üç kategoriden birine ayırdı: Kuzeyliler tarafından yazılan ve Güney'e bariz bir şekilde haksız olan metinler, "görünüşte adil" olan ancak yine de Kuzeyliler tarafından yazıldığı için şüpheli olan metinler ve Kuzeyliler tarafından yazıldı. Güneyli yazarların eserleri. Akademi dışında, Atlanta gazetesi editörü Henry Grady tarafından ekonomik kalkınmayı teşvik etme çabasıyla popüler hale getirilen Yeni Güney inancı da bu yeni ortodoksiyi güçlendirdi. Grady'nin kurnaz halkla ilişkilerinin büyük bir kısmı, Güney'in antebellum'unun hayali ihtişamına abartılı bir saygı göstermek ve Yeni Güney'i gerçekte olduğu gibi değil, o dehanın yeniden canlanması olarak tasvir etmekti: yepyeni bir plütokratlar sınıfının yükselişi. .
Tüm bunlar, savaştan sonraki on yıllardaki tüm kamusal tartışmaları ve entelektüel araştırmaları boğmak için yeterli değilse, diğer hüküm süren koşullar işi bitirebilirdi: o on yılların yaygın yoksulluğu, Jim Crow'un yükselişi ve devam ettirme ihtiyacı. beyaz üstünlüğüne olan inanç, inanca akıldan daha fazla değer veren yaygın bir dini zihniyet. Elbette daha düşünceli sesler vardı - Atlanta'da W. E. B. Du Bois, siyahların deneyimi ve yeniden inşası hakkında parlak bir şekilde yazıyordu. Ancak zamanının ırkçılığı, daha geniş etkisini daha sonraki bir döneme erteledi. Zenginler ve/veya sosyal açıdan seçkinler dışında herkes için bu, H. L. Mencken'in "yıpranmış çiftlikler, kalitesiz şehirler ve felçli beyinlerden oluşan muazzam bir bölge" olarak yerdiği Güney'di - entelektüel sorgulamadan çok bir sonraki yemekle ilgileniyordu. Zengin ya da fakir beyaz Güneyliler arasında, evrensel olarak kabul edilen tarih, daha sonra Margaret Mitchell'in 1936 tarihli "Rüzgar Gibi Geçti" adlı romanında ün kazanacak olan versiyondu - milyonlarca satan, yirmi yedi dile çevrilen ve muhtemelen daha önce yayınlanmış bir kitap. Bu güne kadar halkın Güney hakkındaki algıları üzerinde başka herhangi bir eserden daha kalıcı bir etki. 1930'ların sözde Güney rönesansının akademi dışında, Cobb'un belirttiği gibi kurgu alanında gerçekleşmesi şaşırtıcı değil, o zamanlar Güney tarihini anlamakla en az ilgilenen insanlar Güneyli tarihçilerdi ve Blight da aynı fikirde. "1890'dan I. Dünya Savaşı'na kadar Güney'de büyümek ve [tarihin kayıp dava versiyonunu] beyaz Güney'in sağduyusu olarak defalarca duymamış veya okumamış olmak imkansız olurdu."
Bu son kısımla, “beyaz Güneyli kendini anlamanın sağduyusunun” en azından 1960'a kadar, çok muhafazakar bir şekilde sürdüğü ve mirasının bu güne kadar büyüdüğü dönemle tartışırdım. Herhangi bir "olgu" iddiasının, birbiriyle yarışan "gerçekler"in gürültülü karşı iddialarıyla karşılandığı bir çağda, bu çarpık tarih versiyonunun Güney'de nasıl tam olarak müjde olarak kabul edildiğini, yerçekimi yasasına itiraz etmek kadar aptalca kabul edildiğini kavramak zor. Eski New York Times muhabiri John Herbers artık yaşlı bir adamdır ve eşi Betty ile Maryland, Bethesda'da emekli olarak yaşamaktadır. ama 1930'larda ve 1940'larda Mississippi'de büyürken, “kaybedilen dava, büyükannemin bahsettiği ana temalardan biriydi: 'Köleliğin İç Savaşla hiçbir ilgisi yoktu - bir pamuk ekonomimiz vardı ve [ North] bize hükmetmek istedi.' Bu tartışmasız bir konuydu.” O zamanlar bu versiyonu kabul etti, bugün çocukların yaptığı gibi, dünyasındaki yetişkinlerin bu hikayeyi çocuklarının zihnine yerleştirirken gösterdikleri ihtiyat karşısında şaşırıyor. “Buna inanmak için kendilerini zorladılar” dedi. “[Savaşın] kölelikle bir ilgisi varsa, dayanacak hiçbir zeminleri yoktu.”
New York Times için sivil haklar hareketini ele alan bir başka Güneyli olan Claude Sitton, 1950'lerin başında Georgia, Rockdale County'de bir lise öğrencisiyken UDC tarafından desteklenen yıllık bir makale yarışmasına katıldığını hatırlıyor. 1960'larda devlet okullarında öğrenciyken UDC kompozisyon yarışmalarıyla karşılaşmadım ama annemden duyduklarım doğrudan Miss Milly'nin onaylı ders kitaplarından gelebilirdi. Tarih kitaplarının Güney'e haksızlık ettiğini söyledi, bu yüzden içlerinde okuyabileceğim Güney karşıtı şeylere inanmamalıydım ve konuşmada "İç Savaş" terimini kullandığımı duyarsa beni düzeltmek konusunda dikkatliydi. Buna İç Savaş demek, ayrılmanın imkansız ve/veya anayasaya aykırı olduğunu kabul etmekti - kendine saygısı olan hiçbir Güneylinin yapmaması gereken bir şey. "Doğru isim," derdi, "Devletler Arası Savaş." Onun bana hatırlatması, benim neslimin sıradan milyonlarca Güneyli öğrencisinin, bizden birkaç nesil önce olduğu gibi, bu tür mesajları özümsemiş olması dışında hiçbir şey değildi. Tarihçi Karen L. Cox, "1970'lere kadar, ne ders kitapları ne de müfredat, kayıp amaç yorumlarından uzaklaşmadı," diye yazıyor tarihçi Karen L. Cox ve tarihçi John Dittmer, Mississippi'deki sivil haklar dönemi hakkındaki kitabında şu sonuca vardı: Güney'deki İç Savaş sonrası yeniden yapılanmanın kayıp dava versiyonu, 1990'ların başlarında bu eyaletteki beyazların büyük çoğunluğu arasında hâlâ hüküm sürüyordu.
Bugün Kayıp Dava'nın bir versiyonunun ölmezden gelen savunucuları, Güney'in ders kitaplarında her zaman “politik doğruculuk” kurbanı olduğunu ve bunun bugün de devam ettiğini söylüyor. Gerçek tam tersidir: Okul ders kitaplarının yayıncıları, İç Savaş'ı ele alırken hassas Güney duyarlılıklarını rencide etmemek için onlarca yıl boyunca ellerinden geleni yaptılar. Uzun süredir yayıncılık yapan bir yönetici bana 1960'larda işe girdiğinde, okul tarihi ders kitaplarının iki farklı versiyonunu görmenin yaygın olduğunu söyledi - biri Derin Güney'de ve diğeri başka her yerde, "ve fark, nasıl davrandığınızdı. iç savaş." Yirminci yüzyılın ortalarına gelindiğinde, UDC parti çizgisini tekrar etmeyen ders kitapları bile mayın tarlasında hâlâ parmak uçlarında dikkatle ilerliyordu. Bu pasajı, örneğin, görkemli konakların ve yardımsever köle sahiplerinin güneyindeki köleleri betimleyen 1943 tarihli bir lise tarih ders kitabından alın: “Konfederasyonlar . . . Tıpkı on üç koloninin Devrim Savaşı'nda savaştığı gibi, kendi işlerini yönetme özgürlüğüne ilişkin demokratik özgürlük ilkesi için savaştıklarına inanıyorlardı. Aynı ders kitabı, Ku Klux Klan'ı, yerel yönetimleri beceriksiz eski kölelerin elinden geri almak için “bazen” şiddete başvuran bir grup olarak tanımlıyor. Alabama devlet okullarında kullanılan 1965 tarihli bir ders kitabı, kayıp dava inancının başka bir kilit noktasını öğretti: köleliğin iyi huylu bir kurum olduğu: “Bir açıdan köle, aynı dönemin beyaz veya siyah özgür emekçilerinden neredeyse her zaman daha iyiydi [ çünkü] köle, zamanın sunabileceği en iyi tıbbi bakımı aldı.”
Yayıncılar bu günlerde artık tarihin özel bir "Güney" versiyonunu sunmuyorlar, her ne kadar Kaliforniya ve Teksas gibi bazı eyaletler bu standartların ne olduğu üzerinde orantısız bir ulusal etkiye sahip olsa da, bireysel eyalet eğitim standartlarına hitap ediyorlar. Eski yayıncılık yöneticisinin bana söylediğine göre bugünkü sorun, “bu kadar çok devlet standardıyla birlikte, kitaplar son on yılda daha uzun, daha yumuşak, daha görsel, kesinlikle ve daha kapsayıcı hale geldi. Örtecek çok şey var." Sonuç hafif bira gibidir: daha iyi tat, daha az doldurma. 150 yıllık bir halkla ilişkiler kampanyasının gerçek kadrosunu oluşturacak yeri olmadığı için, bugünün metinleri sadece gücendirmemeye çabalıyorlar, kayıp dava mitini işlemiyorlar, ama onu düzeltmek için de pek bir şey yapmıyorlar. Bu pasajı, bugün devlet liselerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan ve “devletlerin hakları” ile “kölelik” kampları arasındaki farkı net bir şekilde ayıran bir metinden alın: “Güney için savaşın birincil amacı, bir devlet olarak tanın
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ounters the edges of the cabinet and other obstacles nearby.
Baffle Step is Diffraction?
Yes, sort of, but first we need to understand a few fundamental principles of acoustics before this will make sense. First of all, we must understand that sound is pressure, or more precisely, it is the propagation of pressure waves in air. That’s why it is referred to as SPL (Sound Pressure Level). Second, we need to understand that this pressure is pushing a waveform that is expanding to fill the space around it in a spherical manner. In other words, it is expanding in all directions equally – just like the pressure inside a balloon is pushing outward in all directions equally. And third, we need to understand that the acoustic effects of diffraction are always directly related to the ratio of distance versus the wavelength of sound at a given frequency.
Wavelengths are inversely proportional to frequency. Low frequencies have very long wavelengths and higher frequencies have much shorter wavelengths. Therefore, for a given edge distance or baffle width the effect will be different based on the frequency discussed and its wavelength. An obstacle must be “acoustically large” before full diffraction will occur. An obstacle is “acoustically large” when its dimensions are greater than one-half of a wavelength at a given frequency, at this point there will be full diffraction of the waveform, or the obstacle will fully alter the direction and behavior of the wave. As an object gets progressively smaller than one-half of a wavelength it will have progressively less effect on the wave. Once it is around one-tenth of a wavelength in size it will be small enough acoustically to be essentially invisible to the waveform at those frequencies. Technically, the effects of diffraction asymptotically reach 0 dB only at 0Hz, but for most of this range the effects are only fractions of a decibel until the obstacle begins to become acoustically large.
Speaker drivers are usually rated with what is called “half-space sensitivity” (sometimes called 2Pi or hemispherical space – 2Pi is a geometrical way of describing half of a sphere, whereas 4Pi describes a full sphere). Because of this, we will usually describe baffle step as a loss due to low frequencies “wrapping” around the baffle into “full-space” (4Pi or spherical space) due to their wavelengths being so much longer than the width of the baffle. This description can be correct depending upon your perspective; however it really doesn’t accurately describe the phenomena in a way that allows you to see how baffle step and diffraction are tied together.
To be technically accurate we need to picture it in this way: When a loudspeaker produces a sound, this sound is in the form of a pressure wave trying to expand equally in all directions spherically (like the balloon analogy). The first obstacle that this wave encounters is the baffle face itself. For higher frequencies with shorter wavelengths where the baffle is acoustically large, the baffle causes a doubling of axial pressure into the forward hemisphere (since the pressure can’t expand spherically), much like a perfect reflector. This doubling of acoustic pressure produces a +6dB gain on axis in the forward hemisphere. A baffle with a width of about 9” would correspond to one wavelength at about 1500Hz, this +6dB gain would then be seen at frequencies above 750Hz (that half-wavelength rule. Of course, a taller height dimension pushes this a little lower in frequency in real life). At lower frequencies this gain is progressively less, dropping to near 1 dB at about one-tenth of 1500Hz, or 150 Hz (again, the taller height will push this a little lower, but you get the idea).
At very low frequencies, below 100Hz in our example, the cabinet baffle is “acoustically small enough” to become “invisible” to these longer wavelengths. As a result they have very little effect on the waveform at all; the wave is able to expand reasonably unhindered as a sphere, and there is almost no gain or ripples in the waveform due to diffraction. At higher frequencies above 750Hz the baffle is “acoustically large enough” to fully obstruct spherical expansion of the waveform, acoustic pressure is doubled, and there is a +6dB gain in the response on the forward axis. Of course, what is given up in exchange is that there is very little energy at these higher frequencies behind the speaker. There is no gain in energy here, only a redirection. In between these two frequencies there is a transition as the baffle progressively diffracts the spherical propagation of the waveform. This produces a smooth rise from 0 dB to +6dB, and this is actually what is happening in what we call baffle step. It is diffraction; or more precisely, it is moving from a state of no diffraction into full diffraction as the baffle becomes acoustically larger with increasing frequency. Diffraction is really computed from the perspective of a full 4pi – spherical space. Below what we call the baffle step frequency there is very, very little diffraction at all. The wavelengths are acoustically too large to diffract on the baffle, so the baffle is essentially invisible to the long sound waves at these frequencies. However, the baffle step gain – the rising of the step – IS diffraction.
So What About Edge Diffraction – What’s Happening Here?
OK, here’s the anatomy of a diffraction signature. Continuing with our example, let’s define our baffle as a 9″ wide by 16″ tall mini-speaker with the driver mounted centered on the baffle and only 4″ from the top (or bottom). For the sake of our discussion we will treat this driver as a point source. That places this point source at 4.5″ from both sides and 4″ from the top. This is actually a fairly common location for tweeters, and small woofers may be similarly placed at the other end.
Now, to figure the edge diffraction we need to picture the point source as a point with rays going off in all directions to the baffle edges. The point source is like the point where our frog entered the water. The rays are lines (radii) following those concentric circles moving outward in our pond. Each ray will have a specific distance before it encounters the cabinet edge and diffracts. When it diffracts, like the log in the water, the edge becomes a secondary sound source and some of the acoustic energy is reflected back toward the listener or microphone to combine with the original source with delay. How much delay depends on the frequency and the distance of the ray. Picture a triangle: One side of the triangle is the distance from the driver to the listener. The short side of the triangle is the distance from the driver to the edge of the cabinet. And the hypotenuse of the triangle is diffracted secondary waveform. Because it is longer than the direct path there will be delay and some phase shifts – Just like the phase shifts of our waves in the water combining.
Unfortunately, in our example the point source is very close to the same distance from three different edges (I did this on purpose for our example). It is actually fairly complex because the ray distances will vary continuously as you move around the baffle, encountering edges at the sides, top, bottom, and corners, but a large percentage of them will fall in the range from 4-5.5″ due to the driver placement. This means that the influence of this distance will be much greater in the final result than many other ray distances will be. This distance corresponds to a frequency range of 2.4 kHz – 3.4 kHz with a center point at 3 kHz. When the waveform of sound from the driver moves across the baffle it encounters a sudden discontinuity when it reaches the edge of the enclosure. Frequencies in this range will reach these edges, diffract, and reflect back to the listener delayed out of phase since it is exactly one wavelength. The level will be reduced so there won’t be complete cancellation, but there will be a notch in the diffraction signature centered around 3 kHz. This notch is typical in many mini-monitors due to this distance and the associated diffraction.
On the other hand, the frequencies whose wavelengths are twice this distance, so that a half-wavelength is reaching these edges will diffract to combine with the original source in-phase, but at a lower level. These frequencies will combine constructively and produce an additional gain that could reach +3 dB above the already +6dB, however, since the frequencies will be spread somewhat the gain will be slightly less than the full 9 dB peak. This peak will be twice as wide as the notch described above, and at half the frequency, so it will peak at about 1500 Hz. By the way, due to this peak, and typical crossover points for midwoofers, baffle step could actually appear to be more than the normally discussed 6dB once this hump of +2 to +3 dB is taken into consideration.
Now, we also have some longer rays going to the bottom edge of our enclosure doing the same, these are in the 12-14″ range. This corresponds to a wavelength of just over 1000Hz, so there will be a little down-ripple in the response at this frequency, and a half-wavelength of around 500Hz, so there will be a little up-ripple here due to these distances as well.
So now we have defined the typical baffle step, the peak, and the notch. At frequencies higher than this notch it is all the same mechanism that we have already discussed and applied – only the wavelengths get shorter and the phase of the diffracted sound becomes more randomized, and the ripples get narrower and shorter in amplitude. Diffraction is a form of linear distortion, because it affects the frequency response on a given axis and has a minimum phase relationship, meaning the phase is directly related to the frequency response.
I hope this explains it reasonably well. It is all about ray length, driver location, and the wavelength of the sound reaching the edge and then recombining with the original source either in-phase or some degree out of phase.
How Do You Control Diffraction?
Well, the best way would be to eliminate it, but that would involve mounting the drivers on an infinite baffle, or flush in a wall, and that doesn’t work out very well for most people. For speaker drivers mounted in a typical cabinet you can not eliminate the effects of diffraction from the cabinet, but there are several techniques that compensate for, or reduce the impact these effects significantly.
First, the most obvious diffraction effect for the typical small stand mounted monitor or the tall narrow tower type of speaker is the “baffle step” in the response that was discussed above. Fortunately, this step is fairly smooth and easy to measure on the design axis, because of this it can easily be compensated for in the crossover design. The negative side of this compensation is an apparent reduction in loudspeaker sensitivity of 6dB. The truth is that the original driver sensitivity was rated based on half-space (hemispherical) radiation, and we have adjusted everything to a flat response based on the full-space (Spherical) radiation of lower frequencies. The loss of sensitivity is traded off for flat on-axis frequency response. This trade-off is worth the drop in sensitivity. If you have listened to speakers that do not compensate for this step, the sound can be very thin in the lower midrange and bass, leaving you with a forward, bright, irritating sound.
This leaves us with cabinet edge diffraction. Several different techniques have been employed over the years to reduce the effects of edge diffraction. One of the most effective is the use of a thick felt whose tangle can effectively absorb and diffuse the sound waveform moving along the baffle before it can encounter the edge and then diffract and recombine as described above, creating irregularities in the frequency response. Despite its effectiveness few commercial loudspeakers use felt, mostly for cosmetic reasons, but there are some notable exceptions that have been very successful. Most loudspeaker purchasers though, weigh the appearance of the speaker with the sound presentation when making their selection. As humans, we are strongly visually driven, even when looking for good sound.
Fortunately, there are some techniques that work well in reducing edge diffraction effects and improve the appearance of the loudspeaker at the same time. One thing that needs to be done is to recess each loudspeaker driver so its faceplate or frame is flush with the baffle. It may not seem like it matters at first, but for surface mounted drivers the tweeter’s response will actually be impacted by the diffraction from its own faceplate edges as well as from the frame of the woofer mounted nearby. Flush mounting is an important feature that both aids in diffraction control and improves the appearance at the same time.
Sometimes you will see a tweeter offset from the centerline of a baffle. This asymmetric mounting is also a diffraction control technique. By offsetting the tweeter, the distance from the center of the tweeter to the left edge and the right edge are different distances. This means that the frequencies whose wavelengths correspond to these distances are different too. By offsetting these frequencies you can sometimes smooth the on-axis diffraction signature because the distances to each edge will produce ripples at different frequencies. If carefully designed, these can combine to smooth the response. When using this technique it is important to note that the diffraction signature is asymmetrical too and there is a greater difference in the response whether you move off-axis to the left or to the right compared to a centered tweeter that is symmetrical. Similar to offsetting the tweeter is the technique of “toeing-in” the loudspeaker so you are not directly on-axis. This has a similar effect to offsetting the driver because your off-axis position changes the geometry of how the sound recombines after diffracting off of each edge.
Another technique is to add a large radius to the edges of the cabinet. Many manufacturers will stick with a standard rectangular box with square edges as a cost savings, but the frequency response will have much more variation than it would have if the cabinet was rounded on the edges with a fairly large radius. It is costly to make baffles that are rounded or curved, but the impact on frequency response can be dramatic. The larger the radius or curve usually the better the diffraction control, and the smoother the frequency response will be. Here’s why –
When a waveform is moving across the baffle and encounters a sharp edge with a sudden discontinuity of 90 degrees, there is a very sudden change in the propagation of the wave. The sharp corner acts like an obstacle changing the direction of the wave; the wave diffracts and the edge becomes a secondary source, reradiating sound back towards the original wave, as we have discussed. When a large radius is used the waveform moves across the baffle and tends to follow the radius as it curves away from the front. There is no sudden discontinuity in its path. This does not mean that there is no diffraction, but the larger the radius the lower in frequency the disturbances lie. The large rounded radius accomplishes two things that benefit our diffraction issue: First, the smoother path around the corner of the baffle reduces the amplitude of the disturbance at specific frequencies, thus reducing the overall impact on the frequency response. This occurs because the rounded edge is seen as a “fuzzier” less defined edge, and this spreads the affected frequencies over a wider range than a sharp edge does. Second, as the wave does begin to diffract on this radius part of the energy is redirected at different angles away from the baffle, so less diffracted energy recombines with the direct sound that produce the ripples in the frequency response that I described above.
Finally, a feature that helps to control diffraction is controlled directivity. Our example above treats the loudspeaker driver as a point source. In reality this is not correct. All drivers have an effective radiating width or diameter; the larger this diameter, the greater the directivity of the driver. As a result, less acoustic energy at higher frequencies is able to illuminate the edge of the cabinet that is usually 90 degrees off-axis. (Just look at the 60 and 90 degree off-axis frequency response curves for many drivers for a good example of what I mean). If less energy illuminates the edge, then the strength of the edge source is reduced and so is the diffraction. Even a 1” dome tweeter has significantly reduced energy at 90 degrees off-axis for frequencies above 8 kHz, and for larger drivers this is even less. Properly designed waveguides and horns also control driver directivity and can significantly reduce edge diffraction as well.
For most speakers what is known as “baffle step” is usually best handled in the crossover. It is possible to avoid this step altogether in a three way system if the woofer is placed close to the floor and the crossover point is carefully selected. This allows boundary reinforcement to fill in part of the step. However, for most speakers some shaping of the frequency response is necessary to ensure flat response. When we get to the response irregularities due to edge diffraction it is left to the designer as to how he wants to deal with these. He may choose heavy felt around the drivers. He may choose to use a wave guide. Or he may choose to use rounded edges on the cabinet. He may even choose to leave the issue of diffraction unaddressed, either living with the response ripples or working them into the design in some other way. Of all of the methods used today most people seem to agree that the most aesthetically pleasing method is to recess
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，以简洁大气为主，背景用发光的古堡，展台一棵高为３米的圣诞树，既高贵典雅，又醒目脱俗，和Ｌ型相协调。 十大最強的幽靈屬性寶可夢 DesGameTopics 排名
Top 10 Strongest Ghost-type Pokémon - DesGameTopics Ranking
在所有神奇宝贝的世界中，幽灵类型拥有最有趣（也最令人不安）的背景故事。伴随着这些故事，出现了令人毛骨悚然的创意设计，其中有些神奇宝贝会伪装自己以吸引注意力，而其他一些则会悄悄跟踪并吸取猎物的生命力。
相关：最佳恶属性神奇宝贝设计，排名
神奇宝贝中有着不少可怕的怪物。然而，只有少数几个神奇宝贝由于其奇异可怕的设计而有能力在整个大陆上吓到训练师们。其中一些神奇宝贝的设计源于系列的根基，而其他一些则是最近在帕尔迪亚中发现的。不管它们在哪里生活，这些神奇宝贝仍然能够不休地困扰着训练师们。
10 鬼斯
鬼斯可以说是进化线中最鬼魅的神奇宝贝，它的名字（字面意思）最具有恐怖感。乍一看，它的设计很简单，但是深入了解鬼斯的宝可图鉴条目后，训练师们很快会发现，看起来像毛皮的东西实际上是像幽灵一样的气体身体，就像鬼斯一样。
鬼斯设计中另一个可怕的元素是它那极长的舌头，根据它在《宝可梦黄》中的宝可图鉴条目，它的舌头“吸取受害者的生命”。当它不吸取宝可梦和人类的精华时，它喜欢潜伏在阴影中，根据它在《宝可梦金》中的宝可图鉴条目，“悄无声息地跟踪着下一个受害者”。
9 怨影
在所有幽灵类型中，怨影的设计最传统，它看起来像个万圣节服装。然而，怨影的外观稍作改变，用暗紫色和大而锐利的眼睛代替了白色布料。这个神奇宝贝的名字暗示它实际上是一个傀儡，并在宝可图鉴中被描述为如此。
怨影可能是受到了被称为“日本避雨娃娃”的灵感。根据《Savvy Tokyo》的说法，这些娃娃是用白色纸巾或布料制成的，挂在窗外以预示晴朗的天气。然而，怨影的宝可图鉴条目并不那么乐观。根据它在《宝可梦蓝宝石》中的宝可图鉴条目，它是由纯粹的复仇之力构成的。它喜欢“以黑暗情感为食”，并会“在城市中四处寻找玷污人心的怨恨”。
8 谜拟Q
尽管谜拟Q是幽灵/妖精属性，但它看起来更像幽灵。特别是当玩家意识到这只神奇宝贝是为了引起注意而戴着伪装时。正如《宝可梦月亮》中的宝可图鉴条目所描述的那样，谜拟Q“将自己可怕的外貌隐藏在一块旧破布下，以便更接近人类和其他神奇宝贝”。
相关：最稀有的宝可梦游戏（及其价值）
谜拟Q的妖精属性可能受到了巴格尔·诺兹（Bugul Noz）的启发，巴格尔·诺兹是一个“被注定独立存在”的“妖精精神”，因为它的丑陋外表而被人们所唾弃。
7 夜巡灵
夜巡灵不像鬼魂，它的设计灵感来自死神，它有着苍白的灰色身体和脸上的骷髅。这个神奇宝贝只有在交易时持有死神布才能进化，这也体现了它的设计。
在《宝可梦传说：阿尔宙斯》中，据信“在他乌伊的孩子们听到关于这只宝可梦在午夜之前四处游荡，以带走行为不端的孩子的故事之后，它们都会变得乖巧”。夜巡灵也可能在一定程度上受到日本民间传说中的“人魂”启发，人魂看起来像一个火球。
6 小木灵
Phantump（小木灵）是宝可梦世界中最可爱的幽灵之一，它以一个小树桩的形式出现。有可能这只宝可梦是基于日本民间传说中森林灵魂Kodama的形象而来的。然而看似天真无邪的形象下，它的宝可梦图鉴描述却展现出完全不同（而且更加令人沮丧）的画面。
根据《宝可梦Y》的描述，Phantump的灵魂是一个“在森林中迷失而死去的孩子”。而在《宝可梦剑》中，Phantump的宝可梦图鉴进一步补充道，这个孩子的灵魂附着在一颗孤零零的树桩上，“引发了这只宝可梦的再生”。
5. Basculegion（巨巨蛇）
在《宝可梦传说：阿尔宙斯》中首次登场，Basculegion是由一只白纹巨型鲈鱼在遭受至少294点自伤伤害后进化而来的。基本上，它必须在死亡之前变成一种更加强大的形态。Basculegion有一个很酷的外貌，鳞片上散发出灵魂般的图案。
与许多幽灵宝可梦一样，这个进化形态背后也有一个悲伤的背景故事。根据它的宝可梦图鉴描述，Basculegion是“用在逆流中旅行之前未能实现自己目标的同伴的灵魂所包裹住的。”
4. Polteageist（怖思壶）
首次登场于《宝可梦剑盾》的Polteageist是一只非常典型的英国式宝可梦，因为它是一个灵魂附身在茶壶中的幽灵。这个宝可梦会掌控茶壶中的液体，这在《宝可梦绯红》中有进一步的解释。据描述，“Polteageist身体中的茶水具有独特而令人愉悦的风味，但是喝太多可能会致命。”
Polteageist的外貌有一个独特之处，训练师可以根据进化Sinistea时找到的破碎或破裂的茶壶来获得伪装或古董形态的茶壶。
3. Cursola（魔墙人偶）
就像现实世界中的珊瑚礁一样，Galar地区的Corsola受到了气候变化的影响。这在它的进化形态Cursola中得到了体现，这是一种用外部粘液保护自己的“核心灵魂”的宝可梦，根据《宝可梦剑》中的宝可梦图鉴描述。
它的白色和灰色调代表了珊瑚的漂白现象，这种现象发生在珊瑚受到“温度、光线或营养等条件变化的压力”时，根据国家海洋局的说法。这导致珊瑚排出“寄生在其组织中的共生藻类，使其完全变白”，就像Cursola的粘液一样。
2. Hisuian Zoroark（帝王狐）
古代的Hisui大陆引入了各种变种的宝可梦，其中包括Zoroark的变种。它仍然保留了捣蛋的个性，但它已经变得像一个幽灵般的面具，非常明显地类似于传统的Kitsune面具——从它的白色毛发、红色斑纹和刺目的黄色眼睛。
根据《宝可梦传说：阿尔宙斯》中的宝可梦图鉴描述，它的幽灵般的毛发象征着“死亡的化身”，它“用强烈到能够撕裂自己身体的苦涩能量来攻击它的敌人”——这可以从它腿上的红色斑纹看出。
1. Annihilape（惨击猴）
Mankey进化线已经很久没有得到关注了。在《宝可梦绯红》和《宝可梦紫罗兰》中，Paldea地区没有为其创建一个地区变种，而是为训练师们引入了另一种进化形态。Annihilape是最新的加入，只有在Primeape使用新招式Rage Fist 20次后才能进化。
本质上，火暴猴（Primeape）变得如此愤怒，以至于从物质形态超越到了精神形态。Annihilape的设计充分展示了这一点：飘逸的白色头发，红色无魂的眼睛，以及手臂上的破碎镣铐。
更多内容：有史以来最佳设计的宝可梦 The Paper Fold Technique
Purely by folding, Polly creates three-dimensional geometric repeat patterns in paper. Light hits the surface of these low-relief white paper sculptures and strikingly throws up their form. Most of the designs are based on straight-line folds although many now incorporate or are completely made from folded curves and the outcomes are surprising. Each sculpture has a unique feel and the works vary, inspired by architectural form, op-art or nature.
During the design process, a simple paper fold structure is eased into shape by hand into a small piece of paper. This paper is opened out and the crease-lines carefully, mathematically transcribed into a computer line drawing. Once this drawing is refined and tested and with the repeat tessellation computed, the line data is sent to a cutting machine that very slightly grazes the paper along the lines in order to score it. The paper is then folded by hand along these scores. As in the ancient tradition of origami, the sculptures are each created by folding a single sheet of paper and there are no cuts. Angolazione tiro
E’ il più lungo ed il più difficile par 4 del campo. Il torrente Tiepido e la pista ciclabile accompagnano il fuori limite a destra per tutta la lunghezza della buca. Il green, in leggera salita, presenta un ingresso piuttosto stretto, inoltre due bunker sulla sinistra ne circondano il lato. Kutsal Kitap yaratılış konusunda daha ilk ayette çok açık bilgiler veriyor. Bu bilgiler belkide bir çok inanç, fikir, felsefe, düşünce, dünya görüşünü bir anda bir kenara atıyor. 2 saniye içerisinde okuduğunuz bir ayet, milyonlarca insan ile yaratılış konusunda farkımızı gösteriy
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kadınsı enerjinizi veya özelliklerinizi temsil ediyor olabilir. Kendi içsel özelliklerinizi keşfetme ve kabullenme sürecinde olabilirsiniz.
Korkular ve Endişeler: Rüyanızda evde ölü bir kadın görmek, bazen de bastırılmış korkularınızı ya da endişelerinizi temsil edebilir. Bu rüya, bu korkularla yüzleşme ve onları aşma zamanının geldiğini gösteriyor olabilir.
Bilgelik ve İçsel Kılavuz: Ölen kadın, aynı zamanda yaşamınızın bazı alanlarında size yol gösterebilecek içsel bir bilgelik veya kılavuzu da temsil edebilir. Kendinize olan güveninizin arttığı bir dönemde olabilirsiniz. Menu principale:
I contenuti di questa scheda sono presenti sul sito “agrigentoierieoggi.it” dei quali il Prof. Elio di Bella è autore e che si è reso prontamente disponibile nella condivisione del nostro progetto
https://www.agrigentoierieoggi.it/lospedale-
Deve essere ascritto a grande merito dell’amministrazione borbonica il fatto che nell’anno 1852 venne deciso di destinare un apposito locale ad ospedale per il ricovero e la cura delle prostitute infette da malattie veneree ed in particolar modo dalla lue.
Il problema fu certamente sollevato dagli ufficiali e dai comandanti della guarnigione militare, che constatavano l’allarmante dilagare di queste malattie tra gli uomini della truppa ai loro ordini, come conseguenza dei rapporti sessuali che i soldati intrattenevano con le innumerevoli prostitute sia della stessa città di Girgenti come anche dei paesi vicini, che si riversavano nel capoluogo proprio per la presenza in città di centinaia e centinaia di soldati.
Le prostitute vennero schedate dalla polizia. È possibile quantificarne il numero nella sola città di Girgenti, in ragione di 100-
Naturalmente esse concedevano i loro favori a pagamento anche ai civili. Mentre però i Comandi militari registravano ferreamente tutti i loro subalterni affetti da malattie veneree, e pertanto si possono ricavare precise notizie statistiche al riguardo, lo stesso non può dirsi per i civili per i quali non possono farsi simili rilevamenti.
D’altronde per l’assoluta mancanza di presidi terapeutici le malattie veneree imperversavano, specie la sifilide, per la cura della quale ritengo venisse solo impiegato un preparato a base di mercurio, il calomelano.
Il problema, pertanto, riguardava non solo i militari ma anche i civili e di essi si fecero carico gli Intendenti borbonici del tempo. Si deve ricordare che dopo la rivoluzione del 1848, restaurato il Governo borbonico, furono inviati nei diversi capoluoghi dell’isola, quali Intendenti, funzionari di grande competenza ed onestà, che si interessarono a fondo di tutti i problemi delle zone a loro affidate, entrando in contrasto spesse volte per la loro efficienza, modernità e disinteresse, con le autorità comunali, abituate da tempo immemorabile a considerare le loro cariche come posizioni di privilegio da cui tutelare i loro privati interessi.
Nei mesi di marzo e aprile del 1852 l’Intendenza di Girgenti inoltrò al ministero degli Interni una richiesta per impiantare nell’Eremo di S. Calogero — «prescelto d’accordo con questo monsignor Vescovo» (mons. Antonino Lo Jacono, superborbonico, tanto che fu nominato da Ferdinando II colonnello ad honorem dell’esercito) — un ospedale per le meretrici ammalate, quale succursale di quello delle carceri, dove in precedenza tali poverette venivano ricoverate dopo il loro arresto. Furono, pertanto, richiesti i fondi per l’acquisto di letti, lenzuola, coperte, cibarie e quant’altro necessario nonché per il pagamento degli stipendi ad una infermiera, col soldo di sei ducati mensili, ad una persona destinata al guardaroba (che avrebbe potuto essere lo stesso eremita di S. Calogero) e a un custode.
L’appaltatore delle forniture del carcere avrebbe avuto cura di approntare il vitto, i medicamenti e quant’altro previsto nel contratto di appalto del carcere, restando obbligato però di fornirsi di medicamenti presso l’aromataio dr. Ottavio Gallego, che era il più vicino all’ospedale.
Veniva chiarito che ogni letto sarebbe stato formato da due scanni di legno, da tre tavole, da un pagliericcio, da due lenzuola di tela bianca, da un cuscino con la fodera di tela e da una coperta di lana per l’inverno.
Ogni ricoverata avrebbe avuto, come vitto, la mattina once quattro di minestra bianca, once cinque di carne e once undici di pane bianco di primo Fiore. Due giorni la settimana, invece della minestra bianca, quella verde. La sera, un biscotto di once quattro.
Il 3 giugno 1852, il Luogotenente Generale nei Reali Domini al di là del Faro e Generale in Capo, principe di Satriano, da Palermo comunicava all’Intendente di Girgenti:
“Per le ragioni da Lei esposte nei due rapporti del 24 aprile c 7 maggio ultimi, approvo, com’Ella ha proposto, che lo spedale meretricio stabilito in cotesto Eremitaggio di S. Calogero sia considerato come succursale a quello delle prigioni centrali e mantenuto con le leggi medesime. Le dichiaro inoltre che la spesa a tal uopo necessaria dovrà riguardarsi come spesa di casermaggio e quindi autorizzo non solo quella da farsi ma anche quella fattasi sinora, dacché Ella per l’urgenza dispose la provvisoria attivazione di esso Spedale.”
Le spese approntate dall’amministrazione carceraria per la provvisoria attivazione dell’ospedale meretricio furono di ducati 81, grana 56 e carlini 5.
Qualche giorno dopo, il 7 giugno 1852, il Commissario di Polizia segnalava all’Intendente: “Nell’ospedale meretricio esistono numero venticinque meretrici con dodici letti, per lo che si osserva un positivo disturbo ed un effettivo disagio da parte delle ammalate che, anche per tale ristretta ritardano la guarigione e si contagiano.
L’’appaltatore poi si lagna che dovendo in un lato dormire due donne viene a soffrire un maggiore sfrido e consumo delle lenzuola e quindi sotto quest’altro aspetto se ne chiede riparo”
In seguito a queste lagnanze i letti dell’ospedale vennero aumentati a venticinque.
Nel gennai 1856 il conte di Capaci, Intendente borbonico di Girgenti, emanò un regolamento in 12 articoli, destinato al corretto funzionamento di questo ospedale:
Art. 1 — Dopoche il medico della Polizia avrà adempito alle decadarie visite delle meretrici, e giudico che taluna di esse dovrà passare nello spedale per curarsi, firmerà la base di entrata, indicante il nome, cognome, paternità, patria ed età della medesima, nonché la natura della malattia e questa previo il permesso del Commissario di Polizia, espresso nella base medesima, sarà vistata dalla Deputazione, per servire alla immessione delle meretrici nello spedale e quindi di documento nella redazione dello stato mensuale per lo pagamento delle mercedi dovute agli appaltatori.
Art. 2 – Nella citata base di entrata sarà dal Commissario medesimo dichiarato se la meretrice inferma dovrà essere seguita da qualche figlio, ed in questo caso sarà tenuta di nonna la determinazione presa dall’Intendente con ufficio del 21 aprile 1856 numero 5938; per la quale restò prescritto di potersi ammettere nello spedale solamente i bambini sino all’ età di anni due, epoca in cui finisce l’allattamento; potendosi dispensare da tale regola i soli figli di quelle meretrici che non hanno parenti o di quelle estere le quali sono sfornite di qualsivoglia relazione; e ciò per non fare perire la loro prole o lasciarla esposta a gravi pericoli vagando per le strade.
Art. 3 – Ogni meretrice riceverà le medicine prescritte dal medico e le sarà somministrato il trattamento ed ogni altro servizio prescritto negli articoli 12, 16, 17 e 18 del contratto d’appalto approvato dal Real Governo per lo spedale delle prigioni centrali, di cui è succursale questo meretricio e saranno pienamente osservate le disposizioni contenute negli articoli 19 e seguenti dell’appalto medesimo.
Art. 4 – Alle meretrici che allattano o ai figli di esse che le seguono nello spedale, come è stato detto sopra sarà data la mezza razione di cibaria prescritta all’art. 16 del citato contratto.
Art. 5-
Art. 6-
Art. 7 – L’uscita delle meretrici guarite sarà disposta previa base firmata dal professore sanitario, e vistata dal Commissario anzidetto, che sarà trasmessa alla Deputazione, per tenerne ragione nei conti. Nel calcolare il tempo di dimora delle meretrici nell’ospedale saranno esclusi i giorni nei quali le medesime saranno state licenziate dal medico, e viceversa vi saranno compresi quelli in cui le inferme saranno state ammesse nello spedale.
Art. 8 – L’ospedale è corredato di letti, utensili, e di tutto ciò che necessita per la medela delle meretrici inferme. La Deputazione ne curerà la conservazione e l’esistenza essendo tenuti gli appaltatori alla manutenzione di essi, previo indennizzo, come dal contratto. A tale obbietto ogni quadrimestre farà la Deputazione stessa tenere all’Intendente la certificazione prescritta dal paragrafo 5 dell’alt. 38 del contratto di appalto.
Art. 9 — Alla fine di ogni mese la Deputazione formerà lo stato nominativo delle meretrici curate in detto spedale, con le indicazioni dei giorni di entrata e di uscita e lei numero delle rispettive giornate di dimora, ed accompagnato dalle basi di entrata e di sortita sarà trasmesso in doppio esemplare all’Amministrazione delle prigioni per la liquidazione delle spettanze dovute agli appaltatori, ed una terza copia sarà spedita all’Intendente.
Art. 10 – Il tempo di dimora dei figli delle meretrici sarà portato in appendice allo stato medesimo, per calcolarsi in metà gli alimenti agli stessi forniti. Nella categoria delle osservazioni saranno dalla Deputazione dichiarate le circostanze previste nell’art. 2 del presente regolamento intorno all’ammissione dei figli delle meretrici.
Art. 11 – Perché la Deputazione possa eseguire gli indicati lavori avrà alla sua immediazione un impiegato il quale assumerà pure l’incarico di guardaroba.
Ari. 12 – L’ingerenza della polizia nell’ospedale meretricio non riguarderà affatto l’Amministrazione, ossia la parte economica del servizio, ma avrà per oggetto la sicura custodia dello stabilimento, la vigilanza sulle decadane visite prescritte dai Regolamenti di polizia, e di conseguenza essa disporrà l’immissione nello stabilimento delle meretrici inferme e la di loro uscita quando saranno guarite. La vittitazione e quant’altro possa riguardare il servizio dell’ospedale rientra nelle attribuzioni della Deputazione.
Cìirgenti, S luglio 1856 (4).
L’Intendente Conte di Capaci
Per due anni l’ospedale meretricio funzionò perfettamente assolvendo i compiti istituzionali per cui era stato istituito. Successivamente, però, incominciarono a notarsi degli inconvenienti. La presenza di 20-
Le tentazioni del Maligno non risparmiarono neppure chi aveva fatto voto di castità, come frate Antonio Civiltà, del quale l’Intendente di Girgenti dispose «lo svestimento dall’abito», per il suo comportamento indegno, sostituendolo con frate Luigi Sammartino.
La cosa più importante però era che l’ospedale delle prostitute era praticamente collocato al centro della città e per di più adiacente ad una chiesa.
Il vescovo di Girgenti intervenne allora pesantemente sull’Intendente, invitandolo a fare sgomberare l’ospedale dall’eremo di S. Calogero e di trasferirlo altrove.
Incominciò allora, da parte dell’Intendenza e del Comune di Girgenti, un’allucinante ricerca di un locale idoneo a trasferirvi l’ospedale. La casa Butera, la casa Gaglio, la chiesa sconsacrata di San Diego, il fondaco di Santa Maria dei Greci furono proposti per il trasferimento, ma di volta in volta vennero ritenuti inaccettabili da parte del Vescovo, perché si trovavano vicino ad edifici sacri o in posti molto frequentati.
In effetti, nella Girgenti del tempo nessun locale poteva essere reperito «lontano dalle chiese, dai conventi e dai monasteri» perché la città era letteralmente invasa da chiese e da religiosi.
Nel 1838, ad esempio, su una popolazione di poco più di 16.000 ab. c’erano a Girgenti 237 preti, 211 frati e 203 monache!
Vennero ricercati ancora altri locali, ma il Comune nicchiava forse perché temeva di dovere anticipare le spese di affitto o di acquisto del nuovo ospedale, finché, l’11 settembre 1854, l’Intendente Scrofani in una gustosa lettera minacciò il sindaco di «fare piazzare tale stabilimento nella Casa Comunale».
L’Intendente doveva essere fuori dalla grazia di Dio perché appunto tre settimane prima era arrivato l’ordine di fare sgomberare l’ospedale dall’eremo di S. Calogero e la polizia era stata incaricata di eseguire l’ordine.
Fu così che, certamente a malincuore, il commissario di polizia Sebastiano Salamone, assistito dal suo cancelliere don Rocco Quartararo, si recò all’ospedale meretricio e lo fece sgomberare dalle 24 prostitute ivi ricoverate. Egli sapeva perfettamente quello che i decurioni del Comune di Girgenti fingevano di ignorare e cioè l’immenso pericolo che esse rappresentavano per i soldati ed i civili.
Dopo lo sgombero dei locali venne redatto un verbale di consegna dei mobili e delle supp
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)EN 10111:1998标准的热轧低碳钢板制成的。这些轻质的保持架具有相对较高的强度，并可通过表面处理以降低摩擦和磨损。
不锈钢轴承中的冲压钢保持架，通常是使用符合EN 10088-1:1995标准的不锈钢X5CrNi18-10制造。
机削钢保持架机削钢保持架通常是用符合EN 10 025:1990 + A:1993标准的S355GT (St 52)非合金结构钢制造。部分机削钢保持架需要经过表面处理，以提高滑动和抗磨损的性能。
机削钢保持架一般用于特大型轴承，或不适合使用黄铜保持架的应用中，如可能因化学反应而导致黄铜的自然破裂。 钢保持架的最高工作温度为300 °C。 钢保持架不受一般用于滚动轴承的矿物油或合成油润滑剂、以及用于清洗轴承的有机溶剂的影响。
冲压黄铜保持架冲压黄铜保持架用于部分中小型的轴承。 所用的材料符合EN 1652:1997。标准。在压缩机的应用中，如果是使用氨作为制冷剂，黄铜 可能会发生自然破裂，因此应使用机削黄铜或机削钢保持架代替。
机削黄铜保持架大部分的黄铜保持架是用符合EN 1652:1997标准的CW612N铸铜或锻铜制造。黄铜保持架不受一般用于轴承的润滑剂影响，包括合成油和润滑脂，并可用普通的有机溶剂进行清洗。 黄铜保持架不应用于250 °C以上的工作温度。
聚合材料保持架
尼龙66大部分的注塑保持架是采用尼龙66作为材料。 这种材料无论是否采用强化玻璃纤维， 都具备良好的强度和弹性。 聚合塑料的强度和弹性等机械特性，会受到工作温度的影响，并可能在工作条件下发生永久性变化，即所谓的“老化”。 影响老化作用最主要的 因素包括温度、时间以及聚合塑料接触的介 质（润滑剂）。 玻璃纤维增强尼龙66的老化因素关系如图1所示。保持架的寿命随着温度的升高和润滑剂的侵蚀而缩短。
因此，在某特定应用中是否适合使用尼 龙保持架，取决于工作条件和工作寿命的要 求。 表润滑剂分为“侵蚀型”和“温和型”两类，表中显示了玻璃纤维增强尼龙6.6保持架用于各种润滑剂的“允许工作温度”。 表中所列允许工作温度的定义,是让保持架有至少10,000工作小时老化寿命的温度。
有些介质比表中所列的更有“侵蚀性”，参见表。 典型的例子是压缩机中用作制冷剂的氨。 在这些情况下，玻璃纤维增强尼龙66材料的保持架不能用于超过+70 °C的工作温度。
也可以设定一个工作温度下限，因为聚酰胺如果失去弹性，保持架就会失效。 因此，玻璃纤维增强尼龙66保持架不应在低于–40 °C的温度下持续工作。
高韧度为主导因素的应用比如火车轴箱，则采用超高韧性的改性聚酰胺66。 保持架对于特定轴承的执行能力，请咨询SKF应用工程服务部。 : Eth. Σιρίτης
, but also Σιρῖνος;
Sirites), an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated at the mouth of the river of the same name flowing into the Tarentine gulf, and now called the Sinno.
There is no doubt that Siris was a Greek colony, and that at one time it attained to a great amount of wealth and prosperity; but its history is extremely obscure and uncertain; Its first origin was generally ascribed to a Trojan colony; and, as a proof of this, [p. 2.1013]
an ancient statue of Minerva was shown there which claimed to be the true Trojan Palladium (Strab. vi. p.264
; Lycophr. Alex.
978--985). Whatever may have been the origin of this legend, there seems no doubt that Siris was originally a city of the Chones, the native Oenotrian inhabitants of this part of Italy (Strab. l.c.
A legend found in the Etymologicon (s. v. Σίρις
), according to which the city derived its name from a daughter of Morges, king of the Siculi, evidently points in the same direction, as the Morgetes also were an Oenotrian tribe. From these first settlers it was wrested, as we are told, by a body of Ionian colonists from Colophon, who had fled from their native city to avoid the dominion of the Lydians. (Strab. l.c.;
Athenae. xii. p. 523.)
The period of this emigration is very uncertain; but it appears probable that it must have taken place not long after the capture of the city by Gyges, king of Lydia, about 700--690 B.C. Archilochus, writing about 660 B.C., alludes to the fertility and beauty of the district on the banks of the Siris; and though the fragment preserved to us by Athenaeus does not expressly notice the existence of the city
of that name, yet it would appear from the expressions of Athenaeus that the poet certainly did mention it; and the fact of this colony having been so lately established there was doubtless the cause of his allusion to it (Archil. ap. Athen. 12.523
). On the other hand, it seems clear from the account of the settlement at Metapontum (Strab. vi. p.265
), that the territory of Siris was at that time still unoccupied by any Greek colony. We may therefore probably place the date of the Ionian settlement at Siris between 690 and 660 B.C. We are told that the Ionic colonists gave to the city the name of Polieum (Πολίειον, Strab. vi. p.264
; Steph. B. sub voce Σῖρις
); but the appellation of Siris, which it derived from the river, and which seems to have been often given to the whole district (ἡ Σῖρις,
used as equivalent to ἡ Σιρῖτις
), evidently prevailed, and is the only one met with in common use. Of the history of Siris we know literally nothing, except the general fact of its prosperity, and that its citizens indulged in habits of luxury and effeminacy that rivalled those of their neighbours the Sybarites. (Athen. 12.523
It may be received as an additional proof of their opulence, that Damasus, a citizen of Siris, is noticed by Herodotus among the suitors for the daughter of Cleisthenes of Sicyon, about 580--560 B.C., on which occasion Siris and Sybaris among the cities of Italy alone furnished claimants. (Hdt. 6.127
This was probably about the period that Siris was at the height of its prosperity.
But an Ionian city, existing as it did in the midst of the powerful Achaean colonies, must naturally have been an object of jealousy to its neighbours; and hence we are told that the Metapontines, Sybarites, and Crotoniats formed a league against Siris; and the war that ensued ended in the capture of the city, which appears to have been followed by the expulsion of the inhabitants (Just. 20.2
The date of the destruction of Siris cannot be fixed with any approach to certainty: it was probably after
550 B.C., and certainly preceded the till of its rival Sybaris in B.C. 510. Its ruin appears to have been complete, for we meet with no subsequent mention of the city, and the territory is spoken of as open to colonisation at the time of the Persian War, B.C. 480. (Hdt. 8.62
Upon that occasion we learn incidentally that the Athenians considered themselves as having a claim of old standing to the vacant district of the Sirites, and even at one time thought of removing thither with their wives and families. (Herod. l.c.
) The origin of this claim is unknown; but it seems pretty clear that it was taken up by the Athenian colonists who established themselves at Thurii in B.C. 443, and became the occasion of hostilities between them and the Tarentines.
These were at length terminated by a compromise, and it was agreed to found in common a fresh colony in the disputed territory.
This appears to have been at first established on the site of the ancient city, but was soon after transferred to a spot 3 miles distant, where the new colony received the name of Heracleia, and soon rose to be a flourishing city. (Strab. vi. p.264
; Diod. 12.36
According to Strabo, Siris still continued to exist as the port or naval station of Heracleia; but no other mention of it is found, and it is not clear whether Strabo himself meant to speak of it as still subsisting in his day. No remains of it are extant, and the exact site does not appear to have been determined.
But it may be placed on the left bank of the river Siris (now called the Sinno
), at or near its mouth; a position which well accords with the distance of 24 stadia (3 miles) from Heracleia, the remains of which are visible at Policoro,
near the river Agri,
the ancient Aciris. [HERACLEIA
The river Siris is mentioned by Lycophron (Alex.
982), as well as by Archilochus in a passage already cited (ap. Athen. 12.523
); but the former author calls it Σίνις,
and its modern name of Sinno
would seem to be derived from an ancient period; for we find mention in the Tabula of a station 4 miles from Heracleia, the name of which is written Semnum, probably a corruption for Ad Simnum or Sinnum. The Siris and Aciris are mentioned in conjunction by Pliny as well as by Strabo, and are two of the most considerable streams in Lucania. (Plin. Nat. 3.11. s. 15
; Strab. vi. p.264
The name of the former river is noticed also in connection with the first great battle between Pyrrhus and the Romans, B.C. 280, which was fought upon its banks (Plut. Pyrrh. 16
It has been absurdly confounded by Florus and Orosius with the Liris in Campania. (Flor. 1.18.7
; Oros. 4.1
The fertile district of the Siritis (ἡ Σιρῖτις
) is a portion of the level tract or strip of plain which borders the gulf of Tarentum from the neighbourhood of Rocca Imperiale
to the mouth of the Bradano.
This plain stretches inland from the mouth of the Sinno
to the foot of the hill on which stands the modern city of Tursi,
about 8 miles from the sea.
It is a tract of extraordinary natural fertility, but is now greatly neglected, and, in common with all this coast, desolated by malaria. İngiltere Maliye Bakanı Rishi Sunak, sıhhat ve toplumsal bakım hizmetlerinin finansmanına yardım için toplumsal güvenlik katkı primlerinde yapılan artıştan sonra, ne kendisinin ne de Başbakan Johnson’ın vergileri daha fazla artırmak istemediklerini söyledi.
Muhafazakar Parti’nin Manchester’daki konferansında yapacağı konuşlayı basına dağıtan Sunak, “Sosyal güvenlik primleri konusunda güç bir karar aldık. Bu yapmak istediğimiz bir şey değildi. Bunun üzere bir şeyi yeninden yapmak zorunda kalmamalıyız.” diye konuştu.
Sunak ayrıyeten, tedarik zincirlerindeki sorunları hafifletmek ve verimliliği artırmak için önlemler almakta olduklarını tabir etti. 在接受意大利媒体的采访时，前尤文球星贝尔纳代斯基谈到了他离开尤文的选择以及前队友C罗的情况。他表示，自己在尤文的生涯非常难忘，在多伦多踢球也非常开心。另外，他认为C罗完全改变了足球的历史，他真的是很好的榜样，也教会了你如何去努力工作。
关于离开�
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commissioned officers, in double the number of the British soldiers confined here, were ordered into close confinement, with formal notice that in the event of a retaliation for the death which might be inflicted on the prisoners of war sent to Great Britain for trial, the officers so confined would be put to death also. It was notified at the same time that the commanders of the British fleets and armies on our coasts are instructed, in the same event, to proceed with a destructive severity against our towns and their inhabitants.
That no doubt might be left with the enemy of our adherence to the retaliatory resort imposed on us, a correspondent number of British officers, prisoners of war in our hands, were immediately put into close confinement, to abide the fate of those confined by the enemy; and the British govern ment has been apprized of the determination of this government to retaliate any other proceedings against us contrary to the legitimate modes of warfare.
It is as fortunate for the United States that they have it in their power to meet the enemy in this deplorable contest, as it is honorable to them that they do not join in it but under the most imperious obligations, and with the humane purpose of effectuating a return to the established usages of war.
The views of the French government on the subjects which have been so long committed to negotiation have received no elucidation since the close of your late session. The minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris had not been enabled by proper opportunities to press the object of his mission as prescribed by his instructions.
The militia being always to be regarded as the great bulwark of defence and security for free states, and the constitution having wisely committed to the national authority a use of that force, as the best provision against an unsafe military establishment, as well as a resource peculiarly adapted to a country
having the extent and the exposure of the United States, I recommend to Congress a revision of the militia laws for the purpose of securing more effectually the services of all detachments called into the employment, and placed under the government of the United States.
It will deserve the consideration of Congress, also, whether among other improvements in the militia laws justice does not require a regulation, under due precautions, for defraying the expense incident to the first assembling as well as the subsequent movements of the detachments called into the national service.
To give our vessels of war, public and private, the requisite advantage in their cruises, it is of much importance that they should have, both for themselves and their prizes, the use of the ports and markets of friendly powers. With this view, I recommend to Congress the expediency of such legal provisions as may supply the defects or remove the doubts of the executive authority, to allow to the cruisers of other powers at war with the enemies of the United States such use of the American ports as may correspond with the privileges allowed by such powers to American cruisers.
During the year ending on the 30th of September last, the receipts into the treasury have exceeded thirty-seven millions and a half of dollars, of which near twenty-four millions were the produce of loans. After meeting all the demands for the public service, there remained in the treasury on that day near seven millions of dollars. Under the authority contained in the act of the 2d of August last, for borrowing seven millions and a half of dollars, that sum has been obtained on terms more favorable to the United States than those of the preceding loan made during the present year. Farther sums to a considerable amount will be necessary to be obtained in the same way during the ensu. ing year, and from the increased capital of the country, from the fidelity with which the public engagements have been kept, and the public credit maintained, it may be expected on good grounds that the necessary pecuniary supplies will not be wanting.
The expenses of the current year, from the multiplied operations falling within it, have necessarily been extensive. But, on a just estimate of the campaign in which the mass of them has been incurred, the cost will not be found disproportionate to the advantages which have been gained. The campaign has, indeed, in its latter stages in one quarter, been less favorable than was expected; but in addition to the importance of our naval success, the progress of the campaign has been filled with incidents highly honorable to the American arms.
The attacks of the enemy on Craney Island, on Fort Meigs, on Sackett's Harbor, and on Sandusky, have been vigorously and successfully repulsed ; nor have they in any case succeeded on either frontier, except when directed against the peaceable dwellings of individuals or villages unprepared or undefended.
On the other hand, the movements of the American army have been followed by the reduction of York, and of Forts George, Erie, and Malden; by the recovery of Detroit and the extinction of the Indian war in the west; and by the occupancy or command of a large portion of Upper Canada. Battles have also been fought on the borders of the St: Lawrence, which, though not accomplishing their entire objects, reflect honor on the discipline and prowess of our soldiery, the best auguries of eventual victory. In the same scale are to be placed the late successes in the south, over one of the
most powerful, which had become one of the most hostile also, of the Indian tribes.
It would be improper to close this communication without expressing a thankfulness, in which all ought to unite, for the numerous blessings with which our beloved country continues to be favored; for the abundance which overspreads our land, and the prevailing health of its inhabitants; for the preservation of our internal tranquillity, and the stability of our free institutions; and above all, for the light of Divine truth and the protection of every man's conscience in the enjoyment of it. And although among our blessings we cannot number an exemption from the evils of war, yet these will never be regarded as the greatest of evils by the friends of liberty and of the rights of nations. Our country has before preferred them to the degraded condition which was the alternative when the sword was drawn in the cause which gave birth to our national independence; and none who contemplate the magnitude and feel the value of that glorious event will shrink from a struggle to maintain the high and happy ground on which it placed the American people.
With all good citizens, the justice and necessity of resisting wrongs and usurpations no longer to be borne will sufficiently outweigh the privations and sacrifices inseparable from a state of war. But it is a reflection, moreover, peculiarly consoling, that while wars are generally aggravated by their baneful effects on the internal improvements and permanent prosperity of the nations engaged in them, such is the favored situation of the United States, that the calamities of the contest into which they have been compelled to enter are mitigated by improvements and advantages of which the contest itself is the source.
If the war has increased the interruptions of our commerce, it has at the same time cherished and multiplied our manufactures so as to make us independent of all other countries for the more essential branches for which we ought to be dependent on none; and is even rapidly giving them an extent which will create additional staples in our future intercourse with foreign markets.
If much treasure has been expended, no inconsiderable portion of it has been applied to objects durable in their value and necessary to our permanent safety
If the war has exposed us to increased spoliations on the ocean, and to predatory incursions on the land, it has developed the national means of retaliating the former, and of providing protection against the latter, demonstrating to all that every blow aimed at our maritime independence is an impulse accelerating the growth of our maritime power.
By diffusing through the mass of the nation the elements of military discipline and instruction; by augmenting and distributing warlike preparations applicable to future use; by evincing the zeal and valor with which they will be employed, and the cheerfulness with which every necessary burden will be borne, a greater respect for our rights and a longer duration of our future peace are promised than could be expected without these proofs of the national character and resources.
The war has proved, moreover, that our free government, like other free governments, though slow in its early movements, acquires in its progress a force proportioned to its freedom, and that the union of these states, the guardian of the freedom and safety of all and of each, is strengthened by every occasion that puts it to the test.
In fine, the war, with all its vicissitudes, is illustrating the capacity and the destiny of the United States to be a great, a flourishing, and a powerful nation, worthy of the friendship which it is disposed to cultivate with all others, and authorized by its own example to require from all an observance of the laws of justice and reciprocity. Beyond these, their claims have never extended, and in contending for these we behold a subject for our congratulations in the daily testimonies of increasing harmony throughout the nation, and may humbly repose our trust in the smiles of Heaven on so righteous a cause.
DECEMBER 9, 1813.
The tendency of our commercial and navigation laws in their present state to favor the enemy and thereby prolong the war, is more and more developed by experience. Supplies of the most essential kind find their way not only to British ports and British armies at a distance, but the armies in our neighborhood, with which our own are contending, derive from our ports and outlets a subsistence attainable with difficulty, if at all, from other sources. Even the fleets and troops infesting our coasts and waters are by like supplies accommodated and encouraged in their predatory and incursive warfare.
Abuses having a like tendency take place in our import trade. Britsh fabrics and products find their way into our ports under the name and from the ports of other countries, and often in British vessels disguised as neutrals by false colors and papers.
To these abusès it may be added, that illegal importations are openly made, with advantage to the violators of the law, produced by the undervaluations or other circumstances involved in the course of the judicial proceedings against them.
It is found, also, that the practice of ransoming is a cover for collusive captures, and a channel for intelligence advantageous to the enemy.
To remedy, as much as possible, these evils, I recommend
That all articles known to be derived, either not at all or in an immaterial degree only, from the productions of any other country than Great Britain, and particularly the extensive articles made of wool and cotton materials, and ardent spirits made from the cane, be expressly and absolutely prohibited, from whatever port or place, or in whatever vessels the same may be brought into the United States; and that all violations of the non-importation act be subjected to adequate penalties.
That among the proofs of the neutral and national character of foreign vessels it be required that the masters and supercargoes, and three fourths at least of the crew, be citizens or subjects of the country under whose flag the vessels sail.
That all persons concerned in collusive captures by the enemy, or in ransoming vessels or their cargoes from the enemy, be subjected to adequate penalties.
To shorten as much as possible the duration of the war, it is indispensable
that the enemy should feel all the pressure that can be given to it, and the restraints having that tendency will be borne with the greater cheerfulness by all good citizens, as the restraints will affect those most who are most ready to sacrifice the interests of their country in pursuit of their
FEBRUARY 26, 1814.
It has appeared that, at the recovery of the Michigan territory from the temporary possession of the enemy, the inhabitants thereof were left in so destitute and distressed a condition as to require from the public stores certain supplies essential to their subsistence, which have been prolonged under the same necessity which called for them.
The deplorable situation of the savages, thrown by the same event on the mercy and humanity of the American commander at Detroit, drew from the same source the means of saving them from perishing by famine; and in other places the appeals made by the wants and sufferings of that unhappy description of people have been equally imperious.
The necessity imposed by the conduct of the enemy in relation to the savages, of admitting their co-operation in some instances with our arms, has also involved occasional expense in supplying their wants; and it is possible that a perseverance of the enemy in their cruel policy may render a farther expense for the like purpose inevitable,
On these subjects an estimate from the department of war will be laid before Congress, and I recommend a suitable provision for them.
MARCH 31, 1814.
Taking into view the mutual interest which the United States and the foreign nations in amity with them have in a liberal commercial intercourse, and the extensive changes favorable thereto which have recently taken place -- taking into view, also, the important advantages which may otherwise result from adapting the state of our commercial laws to the circumstances now existing, I recommend to the consideration of Congress the expediency of authorizing, afetr a certain day, exportations (specie excepted) from the United States, and in vessels of the United States, and in vessels owned and navigated by the subjects of powers at peace with them; and a repeal of so much of our laws as prohibits the importation of articles not the property of enemies but produced or manufactured only within their dominions.
I recommend, also, as a more effectual safeguard and encouragement to our growing manufactures, that the additional duties on imports which are to expire at the end of one year after a peace with Great Britain, be prolonged to the end of two years after that event ; and that, in favor of our moneyed institutions, the exportation of specie be prohibited throughout the same period. Trabzon yerel basınından bir gazetenin paylaştığı puan durumunda Fenerbahçe'nin yer almamasına sinirlenen sarı-lacivertli taraftarlar ise Türkiye haritasından Trabzon'u sildi.
Trabzon'un yerel gazetelerinden Taka, bugünkü baskısındaki puan durumu tablosunda 'TFF yapması gerekeni biz yaptık' diyerek Fenerbahçe'ye yer vermedi. Buna kızan Fenerbahçeli '12numara.org' sitesi cevap olarak Türkiye haritasından Trabzon'u silerken Twitter'da Cumhurbaşkanı Abdullah Gül ve Başbakan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'a hitaben 'Kırım'ıalın, Trabzon'u verin' ifadesini kullandı. The Okavango Delta is formed when the Okavango River flows into the Kalahari Desert from the Angolan Highlands forming a unique wetland, a huge oasis setting the regions rhythm with its annual floods.
Formation of the Okavango Delta
Shaped hippopotami pushing their way along the waterways, termites constructing their intricate mounds and the natural growth of papyrus. With so many factors shaping the Okavango, it is not surprising that the flow of water is variable and unA great river that flows not into the sea but into the middle of the southern African continental landmasThe Okavango Delta is more correctly termed an alluvial fan comprising areas that are permanently, seasonally and occasionally flooded.
With sources in the plan alto highlands 1200 metres above sea level in Angola, the Okavango Delta is the culmination of a river system that has its catchment areas in Angola, flows through Namibia and then into Botswana where various processes govern the distribution across the alluvial fan.
These processes are both physical, dependent on slope, sedimentation, faults and channels carved long ago in the Kalahari Sands and also biologicalpredictable.
The Delta consists of a multitude of main channels, smaller tributaries and lagoons as well as floodplains, islands and mainland areas. The watercourses are always changing due to annual flooding as well as a combination of sediment transport, seismic activity, the construction of termite mounds, the continual opening up of new channels by feeding hippopotami and the closing of others by new vegetation growth.
There are two somewhat distinct areas of the Delta – the permanent swamp which is inundated with water all year round, and the seasonal swamp which is flooded annually and dries gradually with the onset of summer. The vegetation of the permanent swamp includes groves of wild date palm, swathes of papyrus, islands fringed with forest and lagoons covered with floating water lilies. The seasonal swamp areas consist of open floodplains covered with grasses during the summer and inundated with water during the winter. The edges of these floodplains support tall and elegant real fan palms, sausage trees, fig trees and a variety of scrub vegetation. به گزارش “ورزش تایمز”، در یکی از دیدارهای مرحله یک چهارم نهایی رقابت های فوتبال جام حذفی شامگاه امروز تیم فوتبال فولاد
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ances addressed in this book include organometallics, hydrocarbons, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), insecticides, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals.
Fish are exposed to an ever-increasing array of organic chemicals that find their way into rivers and oceans. Some of these compounds are no longer being produced but nonetheless persist within the environment (persistent organic pollutants, or POPs). The exposure of fish to toxic organic compounds has potential impact on human, fish, and ecosystem health. Yet the regulations that govern environmental water quality vary worldwide, and compliance is never complete. This book provides a crucial resource on these issues for researchers in zoology, fish physiology, and related fields; applied researchers in environmental monitoring, conservation biology, and toxicology; and university-level students and instructors in these areas.
- Organized by type of toxic organic chemicals
- Includes metals, POPs, EDCs, herbicides, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals
- Measures toxicity in a variety of ways aside from lethality
- Probes the toxic effects of compound mixtures as well as single pollutants
Please Note: This is an On Demand product, delivery may take up to 11 working days after payment has been received.
1. Introduction: Organic contaminants in the environment and fish. 2. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). 3. Organometallics. 4. Hydrocarbons. 5. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). 6. Insecticides. 7. Herbicides. 8. Pharmaceuticals. 9. Emerging threats. 10. Dealing with mixtures.
Professor Keith B. Tierney is Assistant Professor in Biological Sciences at the Environmental Toxicology Department of the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. His current research interests are in environmental toxicology and physiology of fishes.
Farrell, Anthony P.
Tony Farrell is a graduate of Bath University, where he was fortunate to study with Peter Lutz. His fortunes grew further when he moved in 1974 to Canada and the Zoology Department at the University of British Columbia to complete his Ph.D. degree under the superb tutelage of Dave Randall. In 2004, Tony returned to UBC when he accepted an endowed research chair in Sustainable Aquaculture.
In between these positions at UBC, Tony was employed at the University of Southern California (PDF), the University of New Brunswick (sessional lecturer), Mount Allison University (first real job) and Simon Fraser University (moving through the ranks to a full professor). In addition to highly controlled laboratory experiments on fish cardiorespiratory physiology, Tony is committed to working on animals in their own environment. Therefore, his research on fish physiology has taken him on an Alpha Helix expedition to the Amazon, the University of Gothenburg and the Kristineberg Marine Research Station in Sweden, the Portobello Marine Biological Station in New Zealand, the University of Christchurch and Massey University in New Zealand, the Bamfield Marine Science Station and the Huntsman Marine Station in Canada, the University of Aarhus in Denmark, the University of Adelaide Charles and Darwin University in Australia, and to the Danish Arctic Marine Station on Disco Island in Greenland. These travels have allowed him to work and with many superb collaborators word-wide, as well as study the physiology of over 70 different species of fish. Tony has received a number of awards for his scientific contributions: an honorary degree from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden; Awards of Excellence from the American Fisheries Society for Fish Physiology, Conservation and Management; the Fry Medal from the Canadian Society of Zoologists; and the Beverton Medal from the Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
Brauner, Colin J.
The primary goal of his research program is to investigate environmental adaptations (both mechanistic and evolutionary) in relation to gas-exchange, acid-base balance and ion regulation in fish, integrating responses from the molecular, cellular and organismal level. The ultimate goal is to understand how evolutionary pressures have shaped physiological systems among vertebrates and to determine the degree to which physiological systems can adapt/acclimate to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. This information is crucial for basic biology and understanding the diversity of biological systems, but much of his research conducted to date can also be applied to issues of aquaculture, toxicology and water quality criteria development, as well as fisheries management. 在生育的过程中，男性的精子和女性的卵子是其中直接参与的，通过精子和卵子的结合成受精卵，才能够有胚胎的形成，对于二者来说，精子和卵子都是需要具备的生殖细胞。男性的精子随着精液的出来而排出体外，但是射出的精液正常并不代表精子一定也正常，临床当中，少精弱精是男性生育大敌。
在男性不育临床当中，由于精子问题而导致的是大多数的情况，而精子异常包括很多种情况，其中常见的就要数过少的精子、活动力差的精子。少精症和弱精症是男性容易得上的不育疾病，它们可以单一地出现在男人身上，也可能同时出现。
少精就是指男性的精子量过少，而不同的人病情不同，所能带来的影响也不同;弱精则是指的这些精子当中具有向前活动以及摆尾运动能力的精子过少，造成精子的整体活动力偏低，这些精子是无法承担起生育的作用的。
少精症做什么检查?
对于少精弱精，检查诊断是很重要的，通过检查来找到导致了少精弱精的原因才能够进行治疗。检查的项目包括：精液分析、精浆生化检查、免疫学检查、前列腺检查、B超检查等。而且如果是严重的，还可能会出现例如欲望淡漠、精液稀少、失眠多梦、精液粘稠不液化等症状表现。
多注意自身的异常情况。而那些有生育打算的男性要重视精子检查，事前检查可能更好的避免生育过程中出现意外。
沈阳九州家圆医院是国家卫健委和省、市卫健委审批通过，以辅助生殖（试管婴儿）技术为核心，具有生殖医学、妇产科、不孕不育专科特色的诚信医院。辽宁省卫健委、省计生协会指定的特殊家庭助孕... [详细] 小程序
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Copyright © 2012-2019 Tencent. All Rights Reserved. 简单来说，这项技术是专门解决部分盗用承认身份证认证账号，躲避防沉迷的青少年用户和上班摸鱼的成年用户。
通过收集、锁定玩家登陆游戏的地理位置，系统可以判断玩家当前处于哪种区域内，比如学校、办公园区等不适宜长时间游戏的场所。
当目标用户位于目标区域中，且当前时刻处于目标区域对应的防沉迷时段内时，获取目标用户使用目标游戏的沉迷参数，当沉迷参数超过预设阈值时，对目标用户使用的目标游戏执行防沉迷处理。
目前这项技术还未正式广泛应用到游戏中，在正式商用之后，防沉迷将不再只是针对未成年人的专属词，包括打工人、未成年学生、成年学生的游戏行为都将被合理监管。 La Chiesa Anglicana, nonostante le resistenze interne, ha nominato una donna al suo terzo incarico più importante: quello di vescovo di Londra. Il posto va a Sarah Mullally, una ex-infermiera. "Non tutti saranno d'accordo con la mia nomina", dice lei, "ma io sarò il vescovo di tutti".
Le prime pagine dei tabloid di oggi prendono in giro Buckingham Palace per avere messo a segno un "autogol reale", annunciando come data per le nozze del principe Harry con Meghan Markle il prossimo 19 maggio, apparentemente senza accorgersi che quel sabato era già in programma un altro importante avvenimento nazionale che sarà seguito in diretta tivù da milioni di spettatori: la finale della Coppa d'Inghilterra di calcio, una sfida da queste parti importante quasi quanto la conquista della Premier League. Fonti della casa reale assicurano che i due eventi non si sovrapporranno: la partita comincia alle 5:30 del pomeriggio e il matrimonio sarà dunque verosimilmente nella tarda mattinata. L'unico problema è per Harry, tifoso dell'Arsenal: se la sua squadra fosse in finale, appena sposato, invece di andare al ricevimento che seguirà la cerimonia nuziale, potrebbe avere la tentazione di dire alla moglie, "sorry, cara, vado a vedere la partita", e chiudersi in una stanza del castello di Windsor, scelto per il matrimonio, davanti a un televisore. Scherzi a parte, è la classica tempesta in una tazza di tè, come dicono gli inglesi: si vede che i tabloid non sapevano su cos'altro fare la prima pagina. Ma sarebbe buffo se si trattasse davvero di una svista dello staff della casa reale. In fondo le nozze potevano organizzarle anche il giorno prima o il giorno dopo la partita.
Negli ultimi sette anni in Gran Bretagna il numero dei senzacasa è aumentato del 65 per cento, rivela un rapporto governativo. E chi è stato al governo dal 2010 al 2017? I conservatori, prima con David Cameron, ora con Theresa May. I tagli al welfare hanno prodotto questo imbarazzante risultato. Quasi 80 mila persone non hanno un posto fisso in cui vivere, come si capisce senza bisogno di cifre girando per Londra, dove si incontrano sempre più spesso uomini e donne che dormono in strada. Il leader laburista Jeremy Corbyn ha fatto bene a parlarne nel Question Time di mercoledì alla camera dei Comuni, chiedendo alla premier conservatrice come intende affrontare questa piaga sociale. Non ha ottenuto grandi risposte.
Rivelati oggi dal Times di Londra i dettagli della nuova ambasciata americana che sarà inaugurata (con o senza Trump) in gennaio nella capitale britannica, sulla riva sud del Tamigi. Sarà la sede diplomatica più cara del mondo: è costata oltre 1 miliardo di dollari. E sarà un'ambasciata fortezza con eccezionali misure di protezione e di sicurezza, inclusa una antiquata ma giudicata valida per difendersi in particolare da attacchi con auto o camion carichi di tritolo: un fossato largo 6 metri e profondo 2 che ci girerà attorno, come quelli che sorgono intorno ai castelli. Sarà il primo fossato costruito a Londra dal 19esimo secolo ad oggi.
La sconfitta di Theresa May stasera alla camera dei Comuni, per soli 4 voti, ha un significato concreto: il voto di ratifica dell'accordo sulla Brexit da parte del parlamento britannico, fra circa un anno, non sarà un timbro scontato ma una decisione ragionata, non un "prendere o lasciare" ma una selva di opzioni, cambiare l'accordo, chiedere più tempo per il negoziato, in teoria rinviare la questione a un nuovo referendum popolare. E ha un significato politico: alla camera dei Comuni non c'è più una maggioranza per far passare una "hard Brexit". Se la Brexit alla fine ci sarà, dovrà essere soft, molto soft. E magari a quel punto qualcuno si chiederà: vale davvero la pena, per dirla con la famosa massima del Gattopardo, di cambiare tutto per non cambiare (quasi) niente?
Si chiama Good Country Index, alla lettera l'indice dei paesi più buoni: una graduatoria basata non sulla ricchezza delle nazioni ma su quanto ognuna fa per il benessere del resto del mondo. Aiuti umanitari, iniziative benefiche, ma anche scoperte scientifiche che giovino all'umanità, insomma tutto quello che può fare bene alla comunità mondiale. Pubblicato questa settimana a Londra sulla base di dati statistici e pareri di esperti, la "classifica dell'altruismo" vede in testa Olanda, Svizzera e Danimarca, seguite nell'ordine, per completare la top 10, da Finlandia, Germania, Svezia, Irlanda, Regno Unito, Austria e Norvegia. L'Italia è al sedicesimo posto, dietro a Francia, Canada e Belgio, davanti a Spagna, Nuova Zelanda e Giappone. Gli Stati Uniti sono in 25esima posizione, la Russia è 65sima, la Cina 76esima. Le ultime tre dell'indice, al 161-162-163esimo posto, sono Iraq, Libia e Afghanistan.
Nel suo rapporto al parlamento sull'intesa raggiunta con Bruxelles sul "divorzio" dalla Ue (fase 1
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are il canestro, schiacciare, travolgendo tutto e tutti. Adesso non più. Contro Russell doveva ricevere palla, girarsi, fintare, rigirarsi, fintare di nuovo e forse solo allora permettersi di andare a canestro. Era consapevole che Bill poteva arrivare lì dove nessun altro avversario si sarebbe mai potuto avvicinare e questo innervosiva palesemente il colosso in maglia Warriors.
Nei tre anni successivi arrivarono altri tre titoli per i Celtics e tre trofei consecutivi di MVP di Regular Season per Bill Russell. Curiosamente, a dispetto del riconoscimento di miglior giocatore in stagione, in due di queste tre annate Bill figurò solo nel secondo quintetto di lega, lasciando lo spot di centro del primo quintetto proprio a Chamberlain.
Era questo un aspetto molto interessante e che spiegava alla perfezione quello che ormai era noto negli ambienti come il fenomeno Russell. Vale a dire un giocatore che non era il migliore nel suo ruolo, ma complessivamente era di gran lunga quello con il maggior impatto per la propria squadra e dunque con il maggior valore.
Wilt veniva giudicato il miglior centro della lega, in grado dunque di meritare il primo quintetto, ma né lui, né nessun altro poteva essere considerato più prezioso per la propria squadra di quanto lo fosse Bill Russell per i suoi Celtics.
L’esempio più lampante lo si ebbe nella stagione 1961-62, quando Russell condusse i suoi Celtics a un record di 60 vittorie e al primo posto nella lega, mentre Chamberlain viaggiò alle stratosferiche medie di 50.4 punti e 25.7 rimbalzi a partita. A dispetto dei numeri e delle statistiche, fu appunto Bill a essere eletto MVP di Regular Season. Dal canto suo Wilt si dovette accontentare del primo quintetto di lega.
Quell’anno i Warriors e i Celtics ingaggiarono uno dei loro soliti duelli nella finale della Eastern Division. Da un lato una squadra che puntava tutto sulle impareggiabili qualità offensive del proprio leader all’apice di una verve realizzativa senza eguali nella storia di questo sport, dall’altro la pluridecorata Boston che non aveva un uomo fra i primi 10 realizzatori della lega, ma poteva fare affidamento sulla superba difesa di Russell. Tanto per cambiare, il confronto si decise solo alla settima partita con una vittoria di misura dei Celtics per 109 a 107.
Boston raggiunse in finale i Lakers per una nuova, autentica e appassionante battaglia.
Fu la celebre finale del 1962, la prima da quando i giallo-viola si erano trasferiti a Los Angeles. La serie dei 61 punti di Baylor in gara 5, della grande impresa di Boston in gara 6. Di un’ennesima gara 7 in cui Los Angeles ebbe la palla della vittoria, la sbagliò, Russell strappò – forse fallosamente – il rimbalzo dalle mani di Baylor, mandando la partita al supplementare.
Alla fine i Celtics riuscirono a imporsi per 110 a 107. Bill chiuse con l’impressionante score di trenta punti, quaranta rimbalzi e la conquista del quarto anello consecutivo.
Era la sua quinta gara 7 in carriera. La sua quinta vittoria. E non sarebbe di certo finita qui.
Al termine della partita, l’ormai trentaquattrenne Bob Cousy annunciò che la successiva sarebbe stata la sua ultima stagione nella lega. In molti si affrettarono a recitare orazioni funebri per una dinastia che finalmente era giunta al capolinea.
“I Boston Celtics sono una squadra vecchia, nelle cui vene varicose scorre ormai solo sangue stanco” scrisse Sport Illustrated, divertendosi a designare i successori al trono dei bianco-verdi. Non sarebbe proprio andata così.
Al draft di quello stesso anno arrivò il grande John Havlicek che tanta parte avrà nelle successive fortune dei Celtics. Sam Jones conquistò minuti e responsabilità, mentre il suo omonimo K.C. Jones si rivelò quasi all’altezza del suo predecessore e in grado di non far pesare l’assenza del grande Bob Cousy.
Ciò che più in generale apparve evidente dopo il ritiro di Sharman nel ’61, quello di Cousy nel ’63 e quello successivo di Heinsohn del ’65, fu che non erano tanto i pur grandi singoli interpreti a fare le fortune di Boston, quanto un sistema di gioco che ruotava perfettamente attorno alla figura centrale di Russell.
Molti dei giocatori che iniziarono quella irripetibile dinastia finirono, nel corso degli anni, per essere sostituiti da altri, eppure i risultati non mutarono di una virgola. Almeno finché Bill Russell non decise lui stesso di appendere le scarpe al chiodo.
Non è un caso infatti se le due strisce negative più lunghe di quegli invincibili Celtics avvennero entrambe in due momenti in cui Russell risultò infortunato. Fra il 24 e il 28 gennaio del 1962, il centro saltò quattro partite che Boston perse tutte, compreso una doppia sfida contro i Warriors in cui Chamberlain scrisse rispettivamente 50 e 53 punti. Diversi anni dopo fra il 1 e il 7 febbraio del 1969, un ormai anziano Russell giocò malconcio due gare, quindi saltò le successive tre. La squadra andò 0 su 5 e dovette aspettare il rientro del proprio leader carismatico per tornare alla vittoria.
Risulta a questo punto facile capire perché Bill è stato davvero in assoluto il giocatore con il maggior valore per la propria squadra, incarnando dentro di sé la definizione stessa e più pura del termine Most Valuable Player. E risulta altrettanto facile capire perché, dopo il quinto titolo, quello del 1963 in finale ancora contro i Lakers e il successivo ritiro di Cousy, i Celtics continuarono a vincere indisturbati. Arrivarono altri tre anelli consecutivi e forse anche gli anni del loro miglior basket.
I Warriors si erano frattanto trasferiti sull’altra costa, a San Francisco, e fu così che nel 1964, per la prima volta, Russell e Chamberlain, si affrontarono in una finale NBA. Peccato che non ci fu quasi confronto. Vinse ancora Boston in cinque secche partite.
Proprio al termine di quella stagione, la nazionale statunitense decise di organizzare una serie di gare d’esibizione utilizzando i professionisti della NBA e non giocatori dal bassissimo profilo com’era successo ai recenti mondiali di Rio de Janeiro.
La squadra venne affidata alle cure di Red Auerbach e comprendeva giocatori del calibro di Bill Russel, K.C. Jones, Oscar Robertson, Jerry Lucas, un già ritirato Bob Cousy. Distrusse ovviamente ogni sorta di concorrenza, ma prima di un match contro la temibile Jugoslavia, Auerbach prese da parte Russell.
“Lo vedi quel biondino?” gli chiese. “È il loro migliore giocatore. Dovrai marcarlo e se segna più di un punto, te la vedrai con me.”
Il biondino si chiamava Radivoj Korac. Era un’inarrestabile macchina da canestri. Al mondiale di Rio dell’anno precedente aveva segnato valanghe di punti. In una partita di Coppa Campioni di qualche mese dopo arriverà a scrivere 99 punti sul proprio tabellino. Non era un centro, ma un’ala, era molto più piccolo di Russell e con la sua rapidità avrebbe potuto metterlo in difficoltà.
Bill accettò silenziosamente la sfida. Si mise sul suo uomo, spedì in tribuna le prime sei conclusioni di Korac, poi venne richiamato in panchina. Aveva già vinto la sua sfida e per Auerbach tanto bastava. Senza più Russell, Korac chiuse la partita con 20 punti, ma gli Stati Uniti trionfarono di cinquanta.
Rientrati in patria, ebbe inizio la stagione 1964-65. Nel corso della season, i San Francisco Warriors si ritrovarono in gravi difficoltà economiche e durante la pausa dell’All-Star Weekend dovettero cedere il loro pezzo più pregiato. Chamberlain ritornò così nella sua Philadelphia, stavolta alla corte dei Sixers.
Frattanto i Celtics vinsero 62 partite e Russell conquistò il suo quinto e ultimo trofeo di MVP di Regular Season. Come da copione in finale di Conference si trovò ancora una volta davanti l’amico e rivale di sempre.
Fu una serie altalenante ed estremamente combattuta. In gara 3 Bill riuscì a compiere un autentico miracolo, mantenendo l’avversario a solo due canestri dal campo nei primi tre quarti di gioco. Chamberlain si rifece in gara 4 con 34 punti, ma in gara 5 fu Russell a mettere insieme 12 punti, 28 rimbalzi, 10 stoppate, 7 assist e 6 recuperi.
La serie arrivò fino alla drammatica gara 7, quella dell’ultimo possesso dei Sixers, dell’incredibile recupero di Havlicek e del celebre urlo rauco di Johnny Most. Ancora una volta furono i Celtics a trionfare. Ancora una volta sul filo del rasoio per 110 a 109, quando ormai sembrava non ci fosse più speranza per loro.
Un esausto Dolph Schayes, divenuto coach dei Sixers, a fine partita sbottò esasperato: “I Celtics devono solo ringraziare il buon Dio per avere Bill Russell.”
Quella sconfitta fu forse la più sofferta e frustrante per Chamberlain, quella che con ogni probabilità diede il via al profondo cambiamento che avvenne nel suo gioco a partire dall’anno seguente, un cambiamento che lo porterà finalmente a mettere da parte le tanto adorate statistiche per avvicinarsi alla concezione di pallacanestro del suo amico Russell.
La stessa estate, il colosso di Philadelphia rinegoziò il proprio contratto con i Sixers e firmò alla faraonica cifra di 100.000 dollari annui. Era il primo giocatore nella storia a sfondare la soglia dei cinque zeri.
Quando Russell lo venne a sapere, andò a bussare alla porta di Auerbach.
“Quanto vorresti?” gli chiese Red che probabilmente si aspettava quella visita.
“Centomila e uno” rispose prontamente Bill.
Auerbach sorrise e Russell firmò esattamente per la cifra chiesta: 100.001 dollari all’anno.
Mai soldi furono spesi meglio perché l’anno successivo arrivò l’ottavo titolo consecutivo dei Celtics, l’ultimo della storica striscia vincente, l’ultimo anche con Auerbach come allenatore. Il leggendario coach annunciò infatti il suo definitivo passaggio dalla panchina alla scrivania, preferendo dedicarsi esclusivamente al ruolo di GM.
Propose il posto da allenatore dapprima a tre ex Celtics, come da tradizione. Erano Ramsey, Cousy e Heinsohn. Nessuno di loro si sentì però in grado di gestire l’ingombrante figura dell’ex compagno di squadra, Russell. Fu proprio Heinsohn a proporre ad Auerbach di scegliere l’ormai trentaduenne Bill come allenatore-giocatore.
Non era una scelta facile perché Russell sarebbe divenuto il primo afro-americano a sedersi su una panchina NBA, rompendo così un tabù che durava da anni, oltretutto in un momento storico molto delicato per quanto riguardava la questione razziale e in una città come Boston con cui il rapporto del giocatore era stato talvolta conflittuale.
Russell infatti non aveva mai fatto sconti a nessuno, tanto meno ai suoi tifosi. Era duro come il granito e questo gli aveva spesso procurato dei problemi.
Quando da rookie aveva avuto forti difficoltà a trovare casa nei quartieri di Boston a prevalenza bianca, non si era fatto certo pregare per far sapere ad abitanti e città cosa pensasse di loro. In seguito aveva fatto scalpore il suo rifiuto a scendere in campo per una partita di esibizione in Kentucky dopo gli era stato proibito l’ingresso in un ristorante.
Col tempo Bill si era creato una specie di corazza per proteggersi dal razzismo più o meno strisciante. Rifiutava di firmare autografi, di avere un rapporto diretto con i tifosi, rifiutava qualsiasi identificazione con la città di Boston, preferendo identificarsi solo con la franchigia, con i suoi amatissimi Celtics.
Divenne un fervente attivista per i diritti civili, impegnandosi ed esponendosi in prima persona. Partecipò alla Marcia su Washington per il Lavoro e la Libertà promossa da Martin Luther King, ma rifiutò un posto vicino al palco, perché non condivideva completamente le idee del pastore di Atlanta.
Si avvicinò in seguito al Black Power, il movimento fondato da Stokely Carmichael, e questo gli procurò il tagliente nomignolo di Felton X.
Quando si trattò di dover scegliere il nuovo allenatore, Auerbach sapeva tutto ciò. Sapeva del carattere fiero e ostile di Russell, ma anche della mentalità di una città come Boston. Eppure non esitò un attimo. Perché sapeva anche che quella era la scelta giusta.
Bill accettò l’incarico ma, come da suo costume, non mancò di puntualizzare davanti ai microfoni della stampa: “Non mi è stato offerto il lavoro perché sono un negro in un momento storico molto particolare, mi è stato offerto perché Red ha pensato che sarei stato in grado di farlo.”
Russell divenne così il primo coach afro-americano nella storia della NBA e più in generale di un qualsiasi team professionistico dello sport statunitense.
Eppure paradossalmente, il giocatore più vincente di sempre, dopo una striscia di otto titoli consecutivi, perse il suo primo anello da allenatore della squadra.
Correva la stagione 1966-67 e quella finalmente fu la magica annata di Chamberlain che fece incetta di premi individuali e di squadra. Wilt condusse i suoi Sixers a vincere 68 partita in Regular Season, all’epoca record All Time, e poi all’ormai solita finale di Conference contro i Celtics. Per la prima volta Chamberlain giocò da Russell, antepose il risultato di squadra ai numeri personali. E Philadelphia oscurò Boston in cinque gare.
Nonostante la sconfitta, nonostante avesse perso la prima vera serie di playoff della sua vita, nonostante avesse sin da subito fallito l’appuntamento con il titolo in qualità di allenatore, Russell non esitò ad entrare nello spogliatoio dei Sixers e congratularsi con il grande amico di sempre.
Boston tornò comunque sul tetto del mondo l’anno successivo. Bill ormai viaggiava verso le 34 primavere, chiaramente non era più il giocatore esplosivo dei bei tempi. Ma l’impatto psicologico che aveva sulle partite, la paura che incuteva negli avversari, il carisma con cui sapeva guidare i suoi, continuavano a essere inalterati e a mietere vittime eccellenti.
Nei playoff ci fu la solita cruenta battaglia contro Philadelphia e contro Wilt.
I Sixers si portarono addirittura avanti per 3 a 1 nella serie. Sembrava quasi che i Celtics stessero per salutare in anticipo la post-season per il secondo anno consecutivo. Sarebbe stato l’epilogo definitivo della dinastia.
E invece risorsero dalle proprie ceneri. Rimontarono sul tre
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wn interested her vastly, and when she heard the sissling noise made by the air escaping from the nozzle as the water came on down went her nose to investigate. A sadden jet full in the face caused a precipitate retreat, and now as the hose appears there is much commotion at a diplomatic distance.
These few words convey but inadequately the intelligence and charm of the Pyrenean Mountain dogs which Lady Sybil Grant is doing her best to acclimatize in this country. More delightful companions and trustworthy guardians could not be wished by the most exigent, nor is this surprising. For centuries they have lived in communion with their masters on the Pyrenean slopes, protecting the flocks from bears and wolves, or human depredators. With the practical disappearance of the former animals their vocation to an extent has gone, while the inherited instinct remains. They are no common sheep dogs, used to round up the Rocks. In their native land, the shepherd, following the old Biblical custom, leads his sheep to the green pastures on the mountains with the advent of spring, and there they remain until winter approaches. Time was when severe toll would have been taken of the defence less creatures during the long nights hut for the unceasing watchfulness of the faithful Patous posted at various points.
A French writter recently remarked, while by day the shepherd coule exercise surveillance over the sheep, in the darkness this was impossible, and “il ‘adjoignit donc un gardien de nuit fort et redoutable, dont le aboiements fussent assez puissance pour être entendus de loin et répétés par les échos de la montagne; dont l’odorat fut assez subtil pour suivre la piste des animaux sauvages et dangereux; dont l’intelligence fut assez developpée pour comprendre que, la nuit tombée, il avait seul la garde du troupeau; enfin un compagnon dont l’affection et l’attachement pour les brebis fussent tels qu’il ne consentit jamais à se separer d’elles et qu’il exposit courageusement sa vie pour les protéger et les défendre, c’ est ainsi que se constitua le vrai type des Pyrénéens.” What is the type of the dog thus highly praised? In size he is nearly as tall as a St. Bernard, without being quite so heavily built, and, although his head is less massive, it is still sufficiently large to be in keeping with the body. The expression conveys dignity and serenity as if conscious of power. The long white coat is marked about the head and in one or two other places on the body with brindle or lemon splashes. The whole appearance is that of a large powerful animal, remarkably active for its size, and capable of much endurance.
OF the many different kinds of dogs now established as British, not a few have had their origin in other lands, whence specimens have been imported into this country, in course of time to be so improved by selection that they have come to be commonly accepted as native breeds. Some are protected from the claim that they are indigenous by the fact that their origin is indicated in their names. No one would pretend that the St. Bernard or the Newfoundland, the Spaniel or the Dalmatian, are of native breed. They are alien immigrants whom we have naturalised, as we are naturalising the majestic Great Dane, the decorative Borzoi, the alert Schipperke, and the frowning Chow Chow, which are of such recent introduction that they must still be regarded as half-acclimatised foreigners. But of the antiquity of the Mastiff there can be no doubt. He is the oldest of our British dogs, cultivated in these islands for so many centuries that the only difficulty concerning his history is that of tracing his descent, and discovering the period when he was not familiarly known.
It is possible that the Mastiff owes his origin to some remote ancestor of alien strain. The Assyrian kings possessed a large dog of decided Mastiff type, and used it in the hunting of lions. It is supposed by many students that the breed was introduced into early Britain by the adventurous Phoenician traders who, in the sixth century B.C., voyaged to the Scilly Islands and Cornwall to barter their own commodities in exchange for the useful metals. Knowing the requirements of their barbarian customers, these early merchants from Tyre and Sidon are believed to have brought some of the larger “pugnaces”, which would be readily accepted by the Britons to supplant, or improve, their courageous but undersized fighting dogs.
In Anglo-Saxon times every two villeins were required to maintain one of these dogs for the purpose of reducing the number of wolves and other wild animals. This would indicate that the Mastiff was recognized as a capable hunting dog; but at a later period his hunting instincts were not highly esteemed, and he was not regarded as a peril to preserved game; for in the reign of Henry Ill. the Forest Laws, which prohibited the keeping of all other breeds by unprivileged persons, permitted the Mastiff to come within the precincts of a forest, imposing, however, the condition that every such dog should have the claws of the fore-feet removed close to the skin.
THE ENGLISH MASTIFF
The name Mastiff was probably applied to any massively built dog. It is not easy to trace the true breed amid the various names which it owned. Molossus, Alan, Alaunt, Tie-dog, Bandog (or Band-dog), were among the number. The names Tie-dog and Bandog intimate that the Mastiff was commonly kept for guard, but many were specially trained for baiting bears, imported lions, and bulls. There is constant record of the Mastiff having been kept and carefully bred for many generations in certain old English families. One of the oldest strains of Mastiffs was that kept by Mr. Legh, of Lyme Hall, in Cheshire. They were large, powerful dogs, and longer in muzzle than those which we are now accustomed to see. Another old and valuable strain was kept by the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth. It is to these two strains that the dogs of the present day trace back. Mr. Woolmore’s Crown Prince was one of the most celebrated of Mastiffs. He was a fawn dog with a Dudley nose and light eye, and was pale in muzzle, and whilst full credit must be given to him for having sired many good Mastiffs, he must be held responsible for the faults in many specimens of more recent years. Unfortunately, he was indiscriminately bred from, with the result that in a very short time breeders found it impossible to find a Mastiff unrelated to him.
It is to be deplored that ever since his era there has been a perceptible diminution in the number of good examples of this fine old English breed, and that from being an admired and fashionable dog the Mastiff has so declined in popularity that few are to be seen either at exhibitions or in breeders’ kennels. At the Crystal Palace in I871 there were as many as sixty-three Mastiffs on show, forming a line of benches two hundred yards long, and not a bad one among them; whereas at a dog show held twenty-five years later, where more than twelve hundred dogs ‘were entered, not a single Mastiff was benched.
The difficulty of obtaining dogs of unblemished pedigree and superlative type may partly account for this decline, and another reason of unpopularity may be that the Mastiff requires so much attention to keep him in condition that without it he is apt to become indolent and heavy. Nevertheless, the mischief of breeding too continuously from one strain such as that of Crown Prince has to some extent been eradicated, and we have had many splendid Mastiffs since his time. Special mention should be made of that grand bitch Cambrian Princess, by Beau. She was purchased by Mrs. Willins, who, mating her with Maximilian (a dog of her own breeding by The Emperor), obtained Minting, who shared with Mr. Sidney Turner’s Beaufort the reputation of being unaproached for all round merit in any period.
The following description of a perfect Mastiff, taken from the Old English Mastiff Club’s “Points of a Mastiff”, is admirable as a standard to which future breeders should aim to attain.
Description of Head, ENGLISH MASTIFF
In general outline, giving a square appearance when viewed from any point. Breadth greatly to be desired, and should be in ratio to length of the whole head and face as 2 to 3. General
Description or Body, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Massive, broad, deep, long, powerfully built, on legs wide apart, and squarely set. Muscles sharply defined. Size a great desideratum, if combined with quality. Height and substance important if both points are proportionately combined. Skull-Broad between the ears, forehead flat, but wrinkled when attention is excited. Brows (superciliary ridges) slightly raised. Muscles of the temples and cheeks (temporal and masseter) well developed. Arch across the skull of a rounded, flattened curve, with a depression up the centre of the forehead from the medium line between the eyes, to half way up the sagittal suture.
Face or Muzzle, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Short broad under the eyes, and keeping nearly parallel in width to the end of the nose; truncated, i.e. blunt and cut off square, thus forming a right angle with the upper line of the face, of great depth from the point of the nose to under jaw. Under jaw broad to the end; canine teeth healthy, powerful, and wide
apart; incisors level, or the lower projecting beyond the upper, but never sufficiently so as to become visible when the mouth is closed. Nose broad, with widely spreading nostrils when viewed from the front; flat (not pointed or turned up) in profile. Lips diverging at obtuse angles with the septum, and slightly pendulous so as to show a square profile. Length of muzzle to whole head and face as 1 to 3. Circumference of muzzle (measured midway between the eyes and nose) to that of the head (measured before the ears) as 3 to 5.
Ears, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Small,thin to the touch, wide apart, set on at the highest points of the sides of the skull, so as to continue the outline across the summit, and lying
flat and close to the cheeks when in repose. Eyes-Small, wide apart, divided by at least the space of two eyes. The stop between the eyes well marked, but not too abrupt. Color hazel-brown, the darker the better, showing no haw.
Neck, Chest and Ribs
Neck slightly arched, moderately long, very muscular, and measuring in circumference about one or two inches less than the skull before the ears. Chest-,Wide, deep, and well let down between the fore-legs. Ribs arched and well-rounded. False ribs deep and well set back to the hips. Girth should be one third more than the height at the shoulder. Shoulder and Arm-Slightly sloping, heavy and muscular.
Fore-legs and Feet, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Legs straight, strong, and set wide apart; bones very large. Elbows square. Pasterns upright. Feet large and round. Toes well arched up. Nails black.
Back, Loins and Flanks, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Back and loins wide and muscular; flat and very wide in a bitch, slightly arched in a dog. Great depth of flanks.
Hind-legs and Feet, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Hind quarters broad, wide, and muscular, with well developed second thighs, hocks bent, wide apart, and quite squarely set when standing or walking. Feet round. Tail-Put on high up, and reaching to the hocks, or a little below them, wide at its root and tapering to the end, hanging straight in repose, but forming a curve, with the end pointing upwards, but not over the back, when the dog is excited.
Coat Color, ENGLISH MASTIFF
Coat short and close lying, but not too fine over the shoulders, neck, and back. Color, apricot or silver fawn, or dark fawn-brindle. In any case, muzzle, ears, and nose should be black, with black round the orbits, and extending upwards between them.
Size, ENGLISH MASTIFF
is a quality very desirable in this breed. The height of many dogs of olden days was from thirty-two to thirty-three inches. The height should be obtained rather from great depth of body than length of leg. A leggy Mastiff is very undesirable. Thirty inches may be taken as a fair average height for dogs, and bitches somewhat less. Many of Mr. Lukey’s stood 32 inches and over; Mr. Green’s Monarch was over 33 inches, The Shah 32 inches, and Cardinal 32 inches.
The method of rearing a Mastiff has much to do with its ultimate size, but it is perhaps needless to say that the selection of the breeding stock has still more to do with this. It is therefore essential to select a dog and bitch of a large strain to obtain large Mastiffs. It is not so necessary that the dogs themselves should be so large as that they come from a large strain. The weight of a full-grown dog should be anything over I60 lb. Many have turned over the scale at 180 lb. The Shah, for instance, was r82 lb. in weight, Scawfell over 200 lb.
One of the great difficulties that breeders of Mastiffs and all other large dogs have to contend against is in rearing the puppies; so many bitches being clumsy and apt to kill the whelps by lying on them. It is, therefore, always better to be provided with one or more foster bitches. At about six weeks old a fairly good opinion may be formed as to what the puppies will ultimately turn out in certain respects, for, although they may change materially during growth, the good or bad qualities which are manifest at that early age will, in all probability, be apparent when the puppy has reached maturity.
It is, therefore, frequently easier to select the best puppy in the nest than to do so when they are from six to nine or ten months old.
should be allowed all the liberty possible, and never be tied up: they should be taken out for steady, gentle exercise, and not permitted to get too fat or they become too heavy, with detrimental results to their legs. Many Mastiff puppies are very shy and nervous, but they will grow out of this if kindly handled, and eventually become the best guard and protector it is possible to have.
The temper of a Mastiff should be taken into consideration by the breeder. They are, as a rule, possessed of the best of tempers. A savage dog with such power as the Mastiff possesses is indeed a dangerous creature, and, therefore, some inquiries as to the temper of a stud dog should be made before deciding to use him. In these dogs, as in all others, it is a question of how they are treated by the person having charge of them.
The feeding of puppies is an important matter, and should be carefully seen to by anyone wishing to rear them successfully. If goat’s milk is procurable it is preferable to cow’s milk. The price asked for it is sometimes prohibitory, but this difficulty may be surmounted in many cases by keeping a goat or two on the premises. Many breeders have obtained a goat with the sole object of rearing a litter of puppies on her milk, and have eventually discarded cow’s milk altogether, using goat’s milk for household purposes instead. As soon as the puppies will lap they should be induced to take arrowroot prepared with milk. Oatmeal and maize meal, about one quarter of the latter to three quarters of the former, make a good food for puppies. Dog biscuits and the various hound meals, soaked in good broth, may be used with advantage, but no dogs, either large or small, can be kept in condition for any length of time without a fair proportion of meat of some kind. Sheep’s paunches, cleaned and well boiled, mixed with sweet stale bread, previously soaked in cold water, make an excellent food and can hardly be excelled as a staple diet. In feeding on horseflesh care should be taken to ascertain that the horse \vas not diseased, especially if any is given uncooked.
Worms are a constant source of trouble from the earliest days of puppy-hood, and no puppy suffering from them will thrive; every effort, therefore, should be made to get rid of them.
With proper feeding, grooming, exercise, and cleanliness, any large dog can be kept in good condition without resort to medicine, the use of which should be strictly prohibited unless there is real need for it. Mastiffs kept under such conditions are far more likely to prove successful stud dogs and brood bitches than those to which deleterious drugs are constantly being given.
The English Foxhound is a large
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3) 413, ruled that “the death penalty has a deterrence impact and serves a social function” and claimed that the death penalty is legally legitimate.
It is obvious from a review of the above scenario that death penalty is deemed lawful in India, given the failure of many legislative efforts to abolish the death penalty in India, and is prevalent in India to this day, as is evident from the recent scenario of Ajmalameerkasab, which was executed in 2012.
When the offender gets a death sentence it is more than just a retribution, in the name of justice and rule we destroy or kill a human. Killing an individual is unethical, and demonstrates a lack of regard for human existence. Yet seeking the death penalty doesn’t mean anyone loves the murderer. When a death sentence is enforced, it removes the possibility of progress that could have improved a person’s existence. Sometimes capital punishment is morally right, because it helps the government. It protects the public. The country’s people will cry out about their rights. Capital punishment is conducted in a civilized manner. This is the only penalty the offences done are comparable.
Indian penal code 1860, section 302.
1973 SCR (2) 541
1979 SCR (3) 78
(1980) 2 SCC 684 The Portland Observatory
Learn about the history and use of this Portland landmark. Lessons explore history, communications, science, and museum visits, among other topics. Come inside!
Longfellow & the Forging of American Identity
Thirty teachers from Maine and Massachusetts have undertaken an intensive two year study of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's life and poetry through a program created by the Maine Humanities Council with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
The program–Longfellow and the Forging of American Identity–is designed to bring the life and work of Maine's Henry Wadsworth Longfellow back into the curriculum–in English, Social Studies, American Studies, Art, Music, and other subjects. See their work!
Using Source Documents in the Classroom
This lesson plan introduces teachers how to use a source document and the Maine Memory Network in classrooms. It can be used in any grade and will require one or more source documents, which can be found by searching the Maine Memory Network for the topic of your choice.
Download the lesson plan (PDF, 16K)
Mapping Portland, 1690 - 1900
Historical maps, like all historical documents, can be interpreted in many ways. This lesson plan uses five maps to trace the development of Portland from its earliest settlements.
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“他不是博士Z.“““谁？“““星巴克的孩子。你知道的，BattlestarGallactica的星巴克。”““她？-““他，“我打断了你的话。软沉重的脚步声听起来外面的地毯的地板上,两人的脚步。铁锹的脸了。他的眼睛不再骚扰。他很快就打开了门。”你好,汤姆,”他说barrel-bellied高Burritt街上跟他交谈的侦探,而且,”你好,中尉,”汤姆旁边的人。”
巴克一直坚持到他在松顿的正上方。然后他转过身来，以一列特快列车的速度降落在他身上。松顿看见他来了，而且，巴克像个捣蛋的公羊一样袭击了他，在他身后的电流中，他伸出双臂，紧紧地搂着那蓬松的脖子。Dalrei不得失败你。””静静地向前走。”和我,”他说。”
她具有一些狗所具备的医生特质；就像一只猫妈妈在清洗她的小猫，于是她洗净了巴克的伤口。定期地，每天早上吃完早餐后，她完成了自己的任务，直到他像松顿那样去寻找她的工作。尼格同样友好，虽然缺乏示范性，是一只巨大的黑狗，半猎犬和半猎犬，带着欢笑和无限善良的天性。令巴克吃惊的是，这些狗对他毫无忌妒。除了黎明出现在屏幕上。在主持人的催促下，观众嘘声，嘶嘶声，并且以攻击她为荣（尽管最初是Xander召唤了踢踏舞的恶魔）。你甚至听不到配乐。梅甘看起来很困惑。埃里克，虽然，必须是大楼里最响亮的人。“走开，黎明！“他喊道，用扩音器把双手捂在嘴上。
”汤姆带着歉意咆哮道:“好吧,该死的,山姆,你就那样跑开。”””你没去阿切尔的房子告诉他的妻子,”中尉说。”我们叫那个女孩在你的办公室在那里,她说你给她。””铲点了点头。他的脸是愚蠢的冷静。中尉Dundy举起两个手指弯曲对铲的胸部,迅速降低,说:“我给你十分钟的电话,你和女孩说话。推理的艺术可能只是精心安排的语言，但是俗名的生动混乱更接近日常生活的直接性。燕尾可能是Papilwzelicaon的专业鳞翅目昆虫，但对我们其他人来说，它永远是燕尾服。一个叫Rosaelegantena的蔷薇花真的闻起来不像是甜的。在杰奎琳·米勒的书页上并排地看到这两个名字的列表，可以强烈地感受到在它们之间来回流动的创造力。
他知道什么是描述除非命名,这没有什么好叫,直到好描述。命名和精确的描述去手,手,而且,如果仔细做,显示的顺序模式隐含在自然本身。的想法的命名和亲密关系的理解是空气在十八世纪。我将思考亚当的任务时,我偶然发现了一本名为《北美的共同名字蝴蝶,编制的动物学家杰奎琳·米勒佛罗里达大学的。她的目的是带来一些秩序混乱的常用名称由业余和专业的蝴蝶爱好者。这本书是纯粹的诗歌。
当松顿命令时。三百英尺以下裸露的岩石。JohnThornton坐在边缘附近，巴克在他的肩膀上。一个轻率的突发奇想夺走了松顿，他把汉斯和Pete的注意力吸引到他想做的实验中去。好像,的崩溃举办in-i不——”””睁开你的眼睛,”Jaelle所吩咐的。”Baelrath!””她做到了。疼痛几乎致盲。但她可以看到她手上的石头与火跳动,跳动的节奏爆炸背后的她的眼睛,并研究它,她的手举行靠近她的脸,金看到别的东西,一张脸,一个名字写在火,一个房间,黑暗的高潮,的黑暗,和------”珍妮弗!”她尖叫起来。”哦,珍,不!””她是在她的脚上。
一份礼物,为自己而不是没有痛苦。很长一段路要走,他是,什么,哦,什么任何事在这个地方吗?这事为什么什么?它没有,很明显,除了我们只有自己无论如何,最后无论它归结。所以詹妮弗从放在地板上的床垫,她的头发纠结的,肮脏的,的气味Avaia撕裂衣服,她的脸了,身体瘀伤,切,她掌握了对他说,她的声音在颤抖,”你会一无所有的我,你不需要。””在犯规地点,这样的美丽闪耀光了,白色有勇气和激烈的清晰度。在电流的扫描中，绳子紧紧地缩在他身上，他被猛击到水面下，他躺在水面上，直到身体撞到河岸上，才被拽出来。他淹死了，汉斯和Pete就俯伏在他身上，把他的呼吸和水从他身上冲走。他摇摇晃晃地站了起来，摔倒了。
哦,是的。今天早上我答应你15,不是吗?””玛瑙说十五是正确的。”你知道的,我现在只秋千大约一年一次。如果额外看起来不太好,我不碰它。”””这并不是一个雀跃,李。15是一个平输给我。”欧文的忧郁的翅膀独自为自己的名字。欧洲防风草的燕尾服也叫parsleyworm,celeryworm,carawayworm,这表明某种普遍性的味道的蝴蝶。飞行何超琼是交替加州的狗脸,这表明一个鳞翅类学者的美丽是另一个的丑陋。一个奇迹如果lost-egg队长错过它的后代。某些专业(甚至业余)鳞翅类学者漂白在提到常见的名字以及随之而来的混乱。
我不喜欢他们。当然有一些在办公室。”””我想看其中一个,”中尉说。”你不有一个吗?”””没有。”””你确定吗?”””四处看看。”铁锹笑了笑,挥舞着他的空杯子。”所以他走到看,并找到了他。”””转身的机器呢?”””不是一个该死的东西,山姆。先令没有注意它,不知道什么是错的。他说没人没来离开这里时来自鲍威尔或他看过他们。
一瞬间她战斗,然后被包围,受损的她被曝光。她在他的堡垒。她是他的,它是她的。但她可以看到她手上的石头与火跳动,跳动的节奏爆炸背后的她的眼睛,并研究它,她的手举行靠近她的脸,金看到别的东西,一张脸,一个名字写在火,一个房间,黑暗的高潮,的黑暗,和------”珍妮弗!”她尖叫起来。”哦,珍,不!””她是在她的脚上。戒指是野生,燃烧,无法控制的事情。她交错,但Jaelle支持她。
偶然的旅行者会表扬或宠爱他；但他在这一切之下都很冷漠，而从一个过于表演者，他会站起来走开。当松顿的搭档，汉斯和Pete到达期待已久的木筏，巴克直到发现他们离松顿很近才拒绝注意他们；之后，他以一种消极的方式容忍他们，接受他们的恩惠就好像他喜欢接受一样。它们和松顿一样
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